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According to the body of common knowledge, anabolic steroids are dangerous and deadly drugs. The mainstream media have thoroughly vilified these hormones for several decades. The use by mature adults of any amount of anabolic hormones to enhance physical appearance is invariably labeled anabolic steroid "abuse" and, consequently, the average American lumps the athletic steroid user into the same depraved category as the heroin or cocaine user. Law enforcement agents and prosecutors readily proceed accordingly in furtherance of our national "War on Drugs." Only the most progressive physicians accept the legitimacy of anabolic steroid use for any but the most limited medical purposes. Understandably then, the proposition that our current approach to the non-medical use of anabolic steroids is flawed, failing and in need of reform is provocative to many.
While rarely reported in the lay press, there are actually very compelling reasons to revisit the legitimacy of our current anabolic steroid laws. There is mounting evidence that the actual health dangers associated with anabolic steroids for mature adults are significantly less than were suggested to Congress or are commonly perceived by the public. There is evidence that the tight regulations have stifled research, undermined beneficial applications, and effectively severed any connection between physicians and most steroid users. Further, there are strong arguments that the legislation has failed to solve the very problems for which it was enacted; rather, it has exacerbated the situation.
The Congressional Hearings
In the mid 1980's, media reports of two problems came to the attention of Congress: the increasing use of anabolic steroids in professional and amateur sports, and a "silent epidemic" of high school steroid use. Between 1988 and 1990, Congressional hearings were held to determine the extent of these problems and whether the Controlled Substances Act should be amended to include anabolic steroids along with more serious drugs such as cocaine and heroin. It is sometimes overlooked that the reported adverse medical effects of steroid use, such as potential liver damage and endocrinological problems, were completely irrelevant to the criteria for scheduling under the Controlled Substances Act.
Many witnesses who testified at the hearings, including medical professionals and representatives of regulatory agencies — including the FDA, the DEA and the National Institute on Drug Abuse — recommended against the proposed amendment to the law. Even the American Medical Association repeatedly and vehemently opposed it, maintaining that abuse of these hormones does not lead to the physical or psychological dependence required for scheduling under the Controlled Substances Act. However, the records from the hearings suggest that any "psychologically addictive" properties of steroids were secondary considerations to Congress. The majority of witnesses called to testify at the hearings were representatives from competitive athletics. Their testimony, and apparently Congress' main concern, focused on legislative action far less to protect the public than to solve an athletic "cheating" problem. Congress wanted steroids out of sports and classified steroids as Schedule III controlled substances. As a result, these sex hormones stand out as a strange anomaly among the codeine derivatives, central nervous system depressants, and stimulants that form the rest of Schedule III.
The Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990
The Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 added anabolic steroids to the federal schedule of controlled substances, thereby criminalizing their non-medical use by those seeking muscle growth for athletic or cosmetic enhancement. It places steroids in the same legal class as barbiturates, ketamine and LSD precursors. Those caught illegally possessing anabolic steroids even for purely personal use face arrest and prosecution. Under the Control Act, it is unlawful for any person knowingly or intentionally to possess an anabolic steroid unless it was obtained directly, or pursuant to a valid prescription or order, from a practitioner, while acting in the course of his professional practice (or except as otherwise authorized). A first offense simple possession conviction is punishable by a term of imprisonment of up to one year and/or a minimum fine of $1,000. Simple possession by a person with a previous conviction for certain offenses, including any drug or narcotic crimes, must get imprisonment of at least 15 days and up to two years, and a minimum fine of $2,500, and individuals with two or more such previous convictions face imprisonment of not less than 90 days but not more than three years, and a minimum fine of $5,000. Distributing anabolic steroids, or possessing them with intent to distribute, is a federal felony. An individual who distributes or dispenses steroids, or possesses with intent to distribute or dispense, is punishable by up to five years in prison (with at least two additional years of supervised release) and/or a $250,000 fine ($1,000,000 if the defendant is other than an individual). Penalties are higher for repeat offenders.
The Health Risk Issues
Although the purported health risks of anabolic steroids are irrelevant to the criteria for scheduling controlled substances, they have provided a seemingly valid public basis for the enforcement of the legislation, justifying a policy favoring prosecution of mature adults involved with steroids over allowing them to "destroy themselves" with these substances. It is curious whether the policy would be publicly supported if the actual dangers to healthy adult males were significantly less than the general public has been led to believe. While a comprehensive review of the medical and scientific evidence of health risks is beyond the scope of this article, a few words on the subject are in order.
Without question, there are health risks involved in the self-administration of any prescription medicine, particularly in the absence of a physician's advice with respect to dosages and duration of use. Further, without regular monitoring by a doctor, some side effects may go unnoticed or untreated until it is too late. Anabolic steroids can have adverse effects upon the body, with particular risks for teenagers, who are more likely than adults to abuse anabolic steroids in dangerously high dosages and without any medical supervision.
But while steroids can have adverse side effects, including serious ones, to mature adult users as well, the scientific literature is far less conclusive than is claimed by government-sponsored physicians and anti-drug officials. Despite a virtually one-sided presentation in the lay press, the position that anabolic steroids are such dangerous substances as to warrant militaristic government enforcement tactics is surprisingly controversial. Mounting research strongly suggests that the actual health risks have been overstated to the public. A landmark 1996 study, for example, found virtually no adverse effects when anabolic steroids were administered at a dosage of 600 mgs per week (about six times natural replacement dose) for ten weeks. The actual risk levels for mature adult males using steroids are related to various factors, such as the dosages and duration of use, the specific types of compounds administered, the existence of any preexisting pathologies, etc. Some highly knowledgeable authorities who have objectively reviewed the medical literature pertaining to mature adult users have concluded that "[a]s used by most athletes, the side effects of anabolic steroid use appear to be minimal."
The public has been led to believe that "roid rage" — the descriptive term for steroid-induced spontaneous, highly aggressive, out-of-control behavior — is rampant among steroid users. While a handful of researchers have claimed that psychiatric symptoms including increased aggression are a common side effect of anabolic steroid use, these claims have been regarded with skepticism by experts. Indeed, the relationship between anabolic steroids and aggressive behavior is far more complex than the press has reported, and the most exhaustive review of the medical literature did not find consistent evidence for a direct causal relationship between steroid use and aggression even in those affected.
Personal Freedom and General Comparative Risks
The law does not prevent individuals from skiing, scuba diving or even hang gliding, although all are extremely dangerous activities. As one reviewer noted: "People in this country can choose to have tummy tucks, breast implants, nose jobs, smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol excessively, or watch strippers as long as they don't hurt other people. Actually smokers are allowed free reign to harm others with second hand smoke in most places in the country except California, so why aren't people allowed to exert their freedom of choice in regards to use of things like marijuana and anabolic steroids, either of which can be credibly argued to be less dangerous or no more dangerous than cigarettes and alcohol." Smokers are not subjected to arrest and criminal prosecution, even though many, many more deaths result from tobacco annually than in all fifty years of non-medical steroid use. Each year, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – including over-the-counter aspirin and ibuprofen – accounts for an estimated 7,600 deaths and 76,000 hospitalizations in the United States. Although the inherent risks of dangerous sports and cosmetic surgery are unnecessary, and may well outweigh the benefits, we do not proscribe these activities. Is it appropriate, then, to prevent mature, informed adults from choosing cosmetic enhancement through physician-administered hormones?
Comparative Risks to Cosmetic Surgery
Commentators from both the legal and medical communities have noted an interesting cultural irony in the comparison of anabolic steroid administration to cosmetic surgery procedures. Under a physician's supervision, these represent different approaches toward a similar goal. In a society preoccupied with physical appearance, confidence and self-image are often intertwined with body shape and condition. Interestingly, under the current views and laws of our society, it is criminal for a physician to administer anabolic steroids to a healthy adult for purposes of cosmetic physical enhancement. However, it is perfectly acceptable (and quite lucrative) to perform the much more radical and dangerous procedure of surgically implanting foreign prosthetics into virtually all parts of the human anatomy for the same purpose, subjecting patients to the potentially fatal risks associated with general anesthesia and post-surgical infection. Many more people have died or been permanently injured from botched liposuctions, breast augmentations and other cosmetic surgery procedures in the past few years than in nearly fifty years of anabolic steroid use by athletes. Liposuction, for example, is now the most popular cosmetic surgical procedure in North America despite the fact that it has resulted in significant incidences of blood vessel blockage and death. Given the comparative risks, it would seem that the current state of legality regarding non-medical steroid use and these procedures might best be reversed.
The Goals of Criminalization for Non-Medical Usage
Whether providing criminal penalties for illegal steroid use is the proper and most effective way of dealing with the "steroid problem" has been debated for quite some time. Proponents of criminalization and law enforcement authorities say that the Control Act and similar state laws: (1) help to deter trafficking, (2) protect young people, and (3) preserve fair competition in sports. Against criminalization are arguments that such penalties have proven to be a failure in stemming abuse of other drugs and alcohol, that criminalization only increases the underground black market, and that efforts are best confined to education and rehabilitation.
Deterring Steroid Trafficking
Proponents of criminalization contend that stiff penalties help deter trafficking, and that the strict controls associated with controlled substance status prevent pharmaceutical companies from manufacturing more product than could be legitimately used for FDA approved purposes. Indeed, it was the allegation of such a "diversion" problem that helped sway Congress to classify steroids even against the advice of medical authorities. The Control Act addresses the diversion problem by the triplicate "paper trail" that is associated with controlled substances. Every person who manufactures, distributes, or dispenses a controlled substance is required to register annually with the Attorney General. But while the paper trail requirements have reduced the amount of legitimate steroids diverted, they have helped foster a booming counterfeit trade where underground labs make and label steroid products to mimic legitimate pharmaceuticals. An even bigger problem is the tremendous increase in production and importation of non-FDA-approved foreign products that have come to replace domestic preparations. All of these products completely bypass the Control Act's paper trail.
In a 1990 statement to Congress, Department of Justice officials estimated the black market to be a 300 million dollar per year industry. In January 2001, federal law enforcement officials announced that they seized more than 3.25 million anabolic steroid tablets in the single-largest steroid seizure in U.S. history. Last year, U.S. Customs agents made 8,724 seizures, up 46 percent from 1999 and up eight-fold from 1994. Public health experts estimate that the steroid black market has grown larger – perhaps far larger – than the $300 million to $400 million estimated in 1988. But as officials from the Office of National Drug Control Policy issue statements supporting even broader interdiction, the Congress takes steps toward further regulations, and prosecutors and lawmakers decry the dangers of this huge black market of illegitimate steroids, it seems only sensible to deride the "deterrent" effect of our approach.
Protecting Young People
Protecting young people from danger is a worthy goal of any legislation. The Control Act appears to have had the opposite effect. A primary effect of the Control Act's restrictions upon legitimate product has been the increased manufacture and distribution of black market counterfeit products and substandardly made veterinary steroids never intended for human consumption. Some of these black market products are tainted with impurities or contain other foreign substances, supporting the assertion that "continued enforcement of steroid legislation will worsen health risks associated with steroid use. An investigation by The Atlanta Journal and Constitution concluded that 'tougher laws and heightened enforcement'… have fueled thriving counterfeit operations that pose even more severe health risks."
A second major effect of the criminalization approach has been to discourage illegal users, including teens, from admitting their steroid usage to physicians. Since some of the greatest dangers inherent in self-administered steroid use involve the failure to be monitored by a doctor, the Control Act has succeeded in greatly escalating this danger and has created an even wider gap between the users and the medical community. Because the self-administration of anabolics is a federal crime, few users are willing to confess their steroid use to physicians. And because federal enforcement efforts have targeted physicians, few doctors want anything to do with athletes taking steroids. Other than in legitimate and authorized research, physicians must prescribe steroids "for a legitimate medical purpose" and "in the usual course of professional treatment" or risk prosecution as a common drug dealer. Doctors caught distributing steroids for bodybuilding have been criminally prosecuted. The end result is that the people, including minors, using steroids illegally rarely get regular blood pressure checks, cholesterol readings, prostate exams and liver enzyme tests. "Thus, the risks involving the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids have increased well beyond those of the drugs themselves." As one reviewer concluded: "By forbidding trained physicians from administering steroids in a controlled manner, the Legislature has forced athletes to either buy steroids off the black-market or seek out un-ethical and possibly incompetent physicians to supply them steroids…. [I]t appears that Congress' attempt at preventing steroid prescription has at best been futile and at worst harmful."
Preserving Fair Competition in Sports
Issues of cheating, "hollow victories," "winning at any cost," etc., were probably the primary ideological foundation for the Control Act. "Permitting steroid users to compete with drug-free athletes reflects on the fairness of athletic competition at every level. Allowing those with an unfair advantage to compete can pressure drug-free athletes to use anabolic steroids to remain competitive."
The Control Act has been of extremely limited value in addressing this "cheating" problem. Elite athletes are almost never prosecuted under the Control Act, obtaining their steroid supplies through sophisticated channels that avoid detection by law enforcement. The extremely remote possibility of criminal prosecution deters few if any Olympic and professional level athletes. The most effective way to eradicate anabolic steroids from competitive sports is through systematic drug testing. Athletes who fail the steroid test are prohibited from competing. While testing for anabolic steroids is not perfect, it does remove identified steroid-users from the sport and also serves as the most effective deterrent today. Serious athletes devote huge amounts of time, energy and resources into training for an event. The effect of drug testing — preventing steroid-using athletes from competing — is both a more effective and more appropriate deterrent than the Control Act's threat of making overly ambitious athletes into convicted felons. This is especially true because the vast majority of anabolic steroid users are not competitive athletes at all, but merely otherwise law-abiding adults who are using the hormones for physical appearance.
Problems Created or Worsened by the Control Act
The Control Act has made it much more difficult for those who might legitimately benefit from steroid therapy to have access to it, such as in geriatric medicine. There are many who believe that hormones may an antidote for aging. Serum testosterone levels decline in men as they age: replacement is being suggested as a beneficial therapy with few adverse effects. The restoration of strength, muscle mass and libido in the elderly would greatly benefit society. However, the sweeping stroke with which the Control Act is applied has precluded many favorable applications for the elderly. When "physicians prescribe steroids for other than approved illnesses, they open themselves up to a presumption of illegality based upon the reading of the Anabolic Steroids Control Act." "By respecting the federal law, physicians may not prescribe steroids to advance the physical strength and condition of the elderly. By subverting a doctor's determination concerning the best interests of a patient, elders are penalized as well -not for violating the law, but by submitting to it." "Many illnesses requiring managed care possibly could be eliminated with hormone treatments. This would not only trigger a social benefit but a financial benefit as well. Congress has created a barrier for the revitalizing effects of steroids for the elderly."
The prudent use of anabolic steroids is also becoming extremely attractive to middle-aged men, the tail end of the so-called "baby boom." As endogenous testosterone production decreases with age, the use of anabolic steroid therapy ("androgen replacement therapy") can be a godsend to men in their forties and fifties suffering from low libido and other ailments. Recent research supports the safety and effectiveness of this hormonal replacement therapy, and public awareness has begun. The judicious use of androgens can improve age-related decreases in sexual desire and sexual arousal in many men, and would seem to have a positive effect toward lowering serum cholesterol when used in appropriate dosages. Some progressive experts anticipate that within a few years, androgen replacement therapy with anabolic steroids will be as common for men as estrogen replacement therapy is for women.
In a different area of medicine, specialists are coming to consider anabolic steroid therapy an essential component of the treatment of HIV+ men, greatly improving quality of life by increasing protein utilization for muscle growth (actually stopping or reversing AIDS-related wasting), increasing appetite, stamina and libido, and promoting a general feeling of well-being. The Control Act has sadly hindered the expansion of use for HIV+ and AIDS patients.
Reforming Our Anabolic Steroid Laws
The Anabolic Steroid Control Act has been a prescription for failure. Illegal use has continued unabated and the potential dangers associated with anabolic steroid use have been significantly increased because of the Act. Meanwhile, legitimate uses and vital research have been suppressed. While anti-steroid experts try to minimize the real life effects of the criminalization approach upon those apprehended for merely personal use, the effects of arrest and prosecution, even where a sentence of incarceration is averted, can be quite devastating. This is especially true since most adult steroid users lead otherwise responsible, law-abiding lives.
Steroid prohibitionists have met any challenges to the status quo with resistance, maintaining: "However imperfect our present systems might be, it would be a terrible mistake to consider legalizing performance-enhancing drugs… We cannot depend on athletes making judicious use of steroids during their athletic careers. From the earliest times, the pattern has always been one of excess. Alcohol regulation does not entirely prevent alcohol abuse by youngsters but it serves as a check that is in the best interests of society." The argument invites two responses. First, the observation about athletes themselves being incompetent to judiciously use steroids more persuasively supports the contrary position. Reforming the law to again allow doctors to be involved in the dosage regulation, administration, and health monitoring of athletes using anabolics would vastly reduce the patterns of "excess." Second, the analogy to alcohol is well taken in a way that must have been overlooked. Recognizing the failure of Prohibition, Congress changed our national laws regarding alcohol use from prohibition to restriction, permitting use by mature adults but banning sales to minors. Just as our society views alcohol and tobacco as requiring maturity for responsible use, so too should any relaxation of laws regarding anabolic hormones be reserved for adults only.
An alternate solution to the problem is sorely needed, and discourse must begin on the details of the reformation. Regulation as prescription drugs and removal of criminal penalties for adult personal use with a prescription would solve some of the problems created by the Control Act itself. Physicians would no longer fear being arrested for dispensing moderate amounts of anabolics to mature adults for cosmetic purposes. Steroid users would no longer be discouraged from continuous health monitoring. Responsible cosmetic users would no longer be imprisoned or transformed into criminals. Those suffering from AIDS or age-related infirmities would have greater access to needed medications. Funding for anabolic steroid research would certainly increase. There would be a major shifting of the steroid supply to favor legitimately produced, FDA regulated products. Clearly, the two greatest dangers in the use of anabolic steroids today – the use of tainted black market substances and the failure to be medically monitored and supervised – would be averted by this approach. Of course, anabolic steroids would be restricted to adults, and non-physicians caught trafficking in steroids, especially selling steroids to minors, would be subjected to stiff criminal sanctions. Organized sports bodies could continue to ban steroids for participating athletes, with more aggressive testing and punishments.
While there are obvious political hurdles standing in the way of such reformation, it is time for our laws to discard the unqualified view of anabolic steroids as "deadly drugs" for mature adults, based on the medical and scientific truth. The current scheme, with its unsupervised self-administration of potentially dangerous black market pharmaceuticals and the arrest and prosecution of mature adults seeking physique enhancement, is the wrong prescription indeed.
The author has been involved in the defense of numerous anabolic steroid cases in a variety of jurisdictions. He has written extensively and been interviewed by the media concerning anabolic steroid legal issues.
COPYRIGHT (c) 2005 by Rick Collins. All rights reserved. No commercial reproduction of any portion of this material is permitted without the express written permission of the author. (Modified from the version originally published in the New York State Bar Association Criminal Justice Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2, Summer 2001)
- See generally, Legislation to Amend the Controlled Substances Act (Anabolic Steroids): Hearings on H.R. 3216 Before the Subcomm. on Crime of the House of Representatives Comm. on the Judiciary, 100th Cong., 2d Sess. 99, July 27, 1988; Steroids in Amateur and Professional Sports — The Medical and Social Costs of Steroid Abuse: Hearings Before the Senate Comm. on the Judiciary, 101st Cong. 1st Sess 736, April 3 and May 9, 1989; Abuse of Steroids in Amateur and Professional Athletics: Hearings Before the Subcomm. on Crime of the House Comm. on the Judiciary, 101st Cong., 2d Sess. 92, March 22, 1990; Hearings on H.R. 4658 Before the Subcomm. on Crime of the House Comm. on the Judiciary, 101st Cong., 2nd Sess. 90, May 17, 1990.
- Adverse physical effects are not a basis for controlled substance status; potential for abuse and dependency are. Pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 812(b), a substance in Schedule III is supposed to be placed there if: A) The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and II; (B) The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; and (C) Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
- John Burge, Legalize and Regulate: A Prescription for Reforming Anabolic Steroid Legislation, 15 Loy. L.A. Ent. L.J., 33, at 45 (1994).
- 21 U.S.C. § 812(c).
- Pub. L. No. 101-647, Sec. 1902, 104 Stat. 4851 (1990), amending 21 U.S.C. § 812(c) (1981) to include anabolic steroids. The 1990 Act was amended by the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108-358, which became effective on January 20, 2005.
- 21 U.S.C. § 844(a).
- Id.
- 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1).
- 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(D).
- Id.
- S. Bhasin, T.W. Storer, N. Berman, et al., The Effects of Supraphysiologic Doses of Testosterone on Muscle Size and Strength in Normal Men, 335 N Engl J Med (July 4, 1996), 1-7.
- M.G. Di Pasquale, ANABOLIC STEROID SIDE EFFECTS: FACTS, FICTION AND TREATMENT (Warkworth, Ontario; M.G.D. Press, 1990), 5. See generally, Mark Myhal and David R. Lamb, Hormones as performance-enhancing drugs, in M.P. Warren and N. W. Constantini (Eds.), SPORTS ENDOCRINOLOGY (Totowa, NJ; Humana Press, 2000), 429-472; C. Street, J. Antonio, & D. Cudlipp, Androgen Use by Athletes: A reevaluation of the health risks, 21 Can. J. Appl. Physiol., 6 (1996), 421-440; R.D. Dickerman, R.M. Pertusi, et al., Anabolic steroids-induced hepatotoxicity: is it overstated?, Clin J Sports Med 1999; 01 (9):34-39; and this author's review of The Health Risks of Anabolic Steroids, January 15, 2001 [http://www.steroidlaw.com/healthrisks.htm].
- Jack Darkes, The Psychological Effects of Anabolic/Androgenic Steroids, Parts I through IV, December 15, 2000 [http://mesomorphosis.com/articles/darkes].
- Michael Mooney, Decriminalizing Anabolic Steroids, May 28, 2001 [http://www.decriminalizesteroids.com/michael.html].
- According to the US Centers for Disease Control, from the beginning of 1990 through 1994 there was an average of 430,700 deaths annually attributed to smoking. See, http://www.drugwarfacts.org/causes.htm citing Smoking – Attributable Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control, 1997), May 23, 1997, Vol. 46, No. 20, p. 449. But despite over fifty years of anabolic steroid use by athletes, "there is little evidence to show that their use will cause long-term detriment; furthermore, the use of moderate doses of androgens results in side effects that are largely benign and reversible." Street et al., supra, note 12.
- R. Tamblyn, L. Berkson, W.D. Jauphinee, et al., Unnecessary Prescribing of NSAIDs and the Management of NSAID-Related Gastropathy in Medical Practice, Annals of Internal Medicine (Washington, DC: American College of Physicians, 1997), September 15, 1997, 127:429-438, from the web at http://www.acponline.org/journals/annals/15sep97/nsaid.htm, (May 1, 2001), citing J.F. Fries, Assessing and understanding patient risk, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology Supplement, 1992;92:21-4.
- K.A. Smith; R.H. Levine, Influence of suction-assisted lipectomy on coagulation, Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1992;16(4):299-302.
- See, for example, Norma H. Reddig, Anabolic Steroids: The Price of Pumping Up!, 37 Wayne L. Rev. 1647 (1991), at 1670.
- House Legislative Analysis Section, Analysis of H.B. 4081 (July 3, 1990).
- 21 USC Sec. 822(a)(1) and (2) (1988).
- Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990: Hearings on H.R. 4658 Before the Subcomm. on Crime of the House Comm. on the Judiciary, 101st Cong., 2d Sess. 90 (May 17, 1990) (statement of Leslie Southwick, Deputy Assistant Att'y Gen., Civil Division, U.S. Dep't of Justice).
- Jeannine Aversa, Govt. Announces Steroid Seizure, Associated Press (AP), January 19, 2001.
- Tom Farrey, Yesterday's Drug Makes Comeback, part of the series Crossing the Line: The Failed War on Steroids, ESPN.com, December 20, 2000 [http://espn.go.com/gen/s/2000/1207/929174.html].
- Burge, supra, note 3, at 54-55, citing Mike Fish, Steroids Riskier Than Ever, Drugs Easy to Buy South of the Border, Atlanta J. & Const., Sept. 28, 1993, at D1.
- 21 C.F.R. 1306.04(a).
- For example, Walter F. Jekot, M.D., a popular California physician who helped pioneer steroids for AIDS patients, was sentenced in 1993 to five years in federal prison for dispensing steroids to athletes.
- Myhal and Lamb, supra, note 12.
- Jeffrey Black, The Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990: A Need for Change, 97 Dick. L. Rev. 131 (1992), at 140 (citations omitted).
- See, Burge, supra, note 3. See also, M.G. Di Pasquale, Editorial: Why Athletes Use Drugs, Drugs in Sports (Vol. 1, Number 1, February 1992) at 2: "Contrary to what most people believe (the media's irresponsible sensationalism has resulted in the widely held mistaken view that the use by athletes of anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs is a problem on par with heroin and cocaine abuse), the use of drugs, such as anabolic steroids, by athletes is a problem, not because of the addictive and dangerous side-effects of these compounds, but because these drugs offer an unfair advantage to the athletes who use them."
- Abuse of steroids in Amateur and Professional Athletics: Hearings Before the Subcomm. On Crime of the House Comm. On the Judiciary, 101st Cong., 2d Sess. 92 (Mar. 22, 1990) (statement of Frank D. Uryasz, Director of Sports Sciences, National Collegiate Athletic Association).
- Jeffrey Hedges, The Anabolic Steroids Act: Bad Medicine for the Elderly, 5 Elder L. J. 293 (Fall 1997) at 311.
- Id. at 313.
- Id. at 320.
- See, Audrey Hill, THE TESTOSTERONE SOLUTION : INCREASE YOUR ENERGY AND VIGOR WITH MALE HORMONE THERAPY (Rockville, CA: Prima Publishing, 1997); Eugene Shipper & William Fryer, THE TESTOSTERONE SYNDROME: THE CRITICAL FACTOR FOR ENERGY, HEALTH, & SEXUALITY–REVERSING THE MALE MENOPAUSE (New York, NY: M. Evans & Co., Inc., 1998); Ronald Klatz, TEN WEEKS TO A YOUNGER YOU (Chicago, IL: Sports Tech Labs, Inc., 1999); Jed Diamond, MALE MENOPAUSE (2nd Edition, Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, Inc., 1998). See also, R. Lacayo, Are You Man Enough, Time, April 24, 2000, 58 – 64; A. Sullivan, The He Hormone, The New York Times Magazine, April 2, 2000, 46.
- For more information on the highly positive effects that anabolic steroids are having upon HIV+ and AIDS patients, and about the relative safety of anabolic hormones in general, see www.medibolics.com, the web site of researcher Michael Mooney, an internationally recognized expert in the field of AIDS survival strategies and the co-author of BUILT TO SURVIVE, A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO THE MEDICAL USE OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS, NUTRITION AND EXERCISE FOR HIV(+) MEN AND WOMEN (PoWeR, 1999).
- Co-author Virginia Cowart in C.E. Yesalis & V.S. Cowart, THE STEROIDS GAME (Champaign, IL; Human Kinetics, 1998), 113-114.


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No longer under the radar
Programs help ensure former foster youth stay insured
Date: 7/29/14
Outlet Full Name: Stockton Record
Author: Zack Johnson
View Video Here:
STOCKTON – Maybe it was the surge of adrenaline or the shock of being a passenger in a vehicle accident where people suffered severe injuries, but it wasn't until the ambulance ride to the hospital that Krishneel Dass started feeling any pain at all.
He was still shaken up and in pain when he got to the hospital, but that's not what he was worried about, he said. His injuries weren't that bad, he thought, but there was one thing he was certain of: Whatever tests or procedures that awaited him would be expensive, and he didn't have health insurance or enough money to afford expensive medical bills.
He told the hospital staff he needed to get up and go to the bathroom, then he slipped away.
"I limped out," said Dass, now 24. "I was thinking financially. I wasn't thinking in terms of what's best for me."
In foster care from the age of 13, he had already aged out of the system when the accident happened about two years ago. But he has health coverage, now, through a piece of the Affordable Care Act, commonly known as Obamacare, which provides free Medicaid for former foster youth until they turn 26. In California, the coverage is known as Medi-Cal.
Before the change, former foster youth were receiving medical coverage only through the age of 21.
It's a little-known piece of the health care reform law that went into effect at the start of the year. It's something advocates say gives parity with a better-known aspect of the law that allows young adults to stay on their parents' health insurance policies up to the age of 26.
"It gives them a chance to get established in a job, or get an education," said Caryn Romero, a program manager with Aspiranet, a nonprofit organization working with foster youth in San Joaquin County. "It helps them overcome obstacles that get in their way."
The transition into adulthood is difficult for anybody, but even more so for former foster youth who don't have the same family-provided safety net that others might have, she said. "They're forced into becoming an adult at a much younger age."
And foster children have often experienced neglect and abuse that can cause higher instances of physical or mental illness, said Fatima Morales, program manager at Children Now, an advocacy group that is trying to connect these young adults with the free health care.
"This is certainly a hard-to-reach population," she said. They often move out of their home counties when they leave foster care, she said. And since they have already aged out of the system, they might not have heard about the changes.
The change in the law opened up free health and dental care to about 30,000 former foster youth in California, according to Children Now, which recommends former foster youth in San Joaquin County contact local county government to receive the health coverage. It doesn't matter which county or state they were in when they were in foster care.
So far in San Joaquin County, 135 people have signed on for Medi-Cal through the program, said Frank Hernandez, an eligibility supervisor with the county. The county does not track how many former foster youth who are eligible currently live in the county, he said. But there have been ads on the radio and fliers passed out in efforts to reach them, he said.
Dass had kept in touch with Aspiranet and heard about the health care through the organization. Johnly Sen, 23, heard about it through Dass.
The two are former roommates and both were passengers in the same car accident.
In a separate incident, Sen injured his hand in a fall. "I walked away with three grand in medical bills," he said. "And that's a lot of money," he said.
"I don't think anybody thinks anything will happen to me. But it can."
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Avoid the Risks of a Sedentary Lifestyle
Get moving, stay active, and become motivated with these heart-healthy tips.
There are several factors for heart disease that you can't change, including your age, gender, race, or family history of cardiovascular complications. But a sedentary lifestyle — meaning that you don't engage in regular physical activity — is one risk factor that you can do something about. And since physical activity can also positively impact other risk factors — stress levels, obesity, blood pressure, triglycerides, cholesterol levels, and diabetes — there are even more reasons to get moving.
Change Your Sedentary Ways
"You are the boss of your own lifestyle," says Robert Ostfeld, MD, an associate professor of clinical medicine at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City. Dr. Ostfeld emphasizes that adopting healthy habits, getting regular examinations, and eating balanced meals can all make a big difference. "A sedentary lifestyle is a disaster for heart health — and health, in general. We are designed to be active, not to sit behind a desk or on a couch all day."
See Your Doctor and Get Moving
To improve heart health, experts at the American Heart Association recommend a heart-healthy exercise routine that consists of 30 to 60 minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week. But before starting any exercise regimen, it's important to consult with your doctor, especially if you are:
- Middle-aged or older
- Currently inactive
- Overweight
- At risk for heart disease
- Have any other medical conditions.
5 Ways to Stay Active
Once you are cleared for exercise, here are five good suggestions on how to begin.
- Warm up and cool down. Start by warming up with some simple stretches that will help improve flexibility in your joints and keep your muscles limber. Stretch your legs, back, and torso, and go for a 5-minute walk. When you finish with your main physical activity, do similar light stretching exercises to cool down.
- Get your heart rate up. Cardiovascular exercise is great for your heart and lungs, so try to engage in an aerobic activity, like walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, or golf (which should include walking from hole to hole and carrying your own clubs) for 30 to 60 minutes most days of the week.
- Build strength. Strength-training, such as lifting weights, doing Pilates or yoga exercises, or other activities, such as pushups, squats, biceps curls (with dumbbells), or even carrying groceries, taking the stairs, or lifting your laundry can all contribute to your overall strength, balance, coordination, and muscle tone.
- Sneak in exercise. Make use of idle time by doing sit-ups, squats, lunges, or biceps curls while watching TV. Walk or do leg lifts or another physical activity while you're on the phone. Run around and play with your children, grandchildren, or your pet for extra exercise. Park farther away from the entrance to add more walking to your days, and try wearing a pedometer to track your daily steps.
- Stay motivated. Joining a gym, taking dance or spinning classes, starting an online fitness program, or enlisting an exercise buddy are all excellent ways to inspire and maintain motivation and keep you accountable to your new active lifestyle.
"Exercise is the real fountain of youth," says Ostfeld. "If you enjoy walking, walk. If you like tennis, play tennis. If water polo is for you, do water polo. Any physical activity you enjoy is great. And any exercise is always better than no exercise at all."


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text: A guy walks into a bar wearing a Bills jersey, and carrying a cat that also has a Bills jersey on with a little Bills helmet on his head, too. The guy says to the bartender, "Can my cat and I watch the Bills game here? My TV is broke and my cat and I always watch the game together". The bartender replies, "Normally, cats wouldn't be allowed in the bar, but it's not very busy in here right now, so you and the cat can have a seat at the end of the bar. But, if there's any trouble with you or the cat, I'll have to ask you to leave." The guy agrees, and he and his cat start watching the game. Pretty soon the Bills kick a field goal and the excited cat jumps up on the bar and walks down the bar and gives everyone a high five. The bartender says, "Hey, that's pretty cool! What does he do for a touchdown?" The guys answers, "I don't know, I've only had him for 3 years!"


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Canal thoughts #ramble
Canal boats
It's Sunday morning and so once again I share my thoughts about my plans and life in general. The sun's shining and so I intend to go out today and take photographs while there is less traffic. I think there might be narrowboats on the canal, they always make a good subject. (more…)
Composition #photography
The Bank holiday weekend was a bit of a washout but I drove through the heavy rain to the narrowboat gathering at Tipton on Sunday. As you can see from this picture it was deserted! I was able to think about the composition of my pictures and contrast the bright colours again the grey. (more…)
Sunset #photography
The weather isn't ideal for photography just lately, we have had a lot of rain. Yesterday was no exception, but the sky cleared a little to give a bright sunset. Most people take sunset pictures and they all tend to be similar. (more…)
Bitter and twisted?
My picture today is of the Wednesbury Oak Loop canal, we have a lot of canals in the Black Country. It looks like a very peaceful tranquil scene, but in Anglo Saxon times there were all kinds of dangers, including wolves. (more…)
Photography: Christmas pictures
Christmas tree
I took this picture of the town's Christmas tree last week and to make it twinkle more I used a 4 point star filter.I bought a set of filters, a soft focus filter, a warm filter and this 4 point star filter. You can get filters for a lot of cameras, but you have to buy the right size. (more…)
Neodigital Art and photography
I took this shot with my Nikon D3200. I think it might have been better with my Fujifilm S5600. I get less definition, but seem to get more colour separation. I can make this lighter so the trees aren't so dark; but then I lose the blue sky and the sunlight reflecting off the yellow field. The edit always has to be a compromise. (more…)
Spring in England
I took this photo yesterday and I'm a little intrigued by the canal and why that bridge is so wide. Maybe it was a busy route in Victorian times when the canal was built. The tow path all down that canal seems wider than usual. There is a canal off to the left that's overgrowth and also an 'arm' off to the right. I think this canal was called the 'Wednesbury Oak loop' and was meant to meander around serving different coal pits. It's straight here, but farther on it does meander around. (more…)
Neodigital Art | Light on the lens
Looking for depth
I set the camera on landscape for this shot which gives a narrow aperture and some depth of field. The shot in is focus and there are a lot of interesting colours. I couldn't get anything in the foreground though to give the shot depth. I have edited and made the photograph darker to get the colours right.


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Sure, it's last year's version and sure, Madden '08 for PS3 and Xbox 360 is widely thought to contain significant improvements but grabbing the PS3 version of Madden '07 for under $10 is a downright steal.
I remember coverboy Shaun Alexander being asked if he was worried about the Madden Curse. He said he didn't believe in it. The curse is real, folks. He broke a bone in his foot last year, which sidelined him for six games and kept him from breaking 1,000 yards rushing and this year, he'll miss his third straight game this weekend with a sprained knee.
Madden NFL 07 – PlayStation 3 [BestBuy.com] via dealnews


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The fact that you may need Environmental Decontamination services on your property after experiencing infection, tragedy or sickness is never good, but the fact that you have Certi-Dry in the Lake Wisconsin, Wisconsin area to help you out is a blessing. We pride ourselves here on providing the finest work in the business, and that comes from caring about our craft and hiring only the best environmental decontamination employees. We just want to restore your Lake Wisconsin property to the way it should be, and we'll go about the best practices to make sure that happens. Please give us a call today at (608) 424-4575 if you want more info or have any concerns.
At Certi-Dry, when it comes to methods to decontaminate the property we use the best in the industry. We're going the extra mile to ensure that our Environmental Decontamination services get rid of any pollution, disease or infectious disease on your land. Our environmental cleaning professionals in our Lake Wisconsin, Wisconsin offices really enjoy what they're doing and aim to ease your mind and do an effective and safe job on your home or company. Only pick up today's phone and call us at (608) 424-4575, we're so excited to work with you! We are available 24/7 to ensure that we can fill in all your calls, no matter the time.
If you need some kind of Environmental Decontamination operation, minor or major, on your home or business property Lake Wisconsin, calling the professionals at Certi-Dry is the right call. When it comes to clearing your property from danger sickness or infectious disease, we only use the finest equipment in the company, because we want to help alleviate your stress and provide safe services. To better serve you, contact our environmental cleaning technicians today at our Lake Wisconsin, WI office, open 24/7. Our (608) 424-4575 phone number is our. We're worried about you, call now!
If you are struggling and require Environmental Decontamination services on your property urgently, call us here at Certi-Dry. We are proud to be able to provide you with the best services in the entire Lake Wisconsin, WI, 53555 region. Our environmental containment crews, ready to help around the clock, are the best employees of any restoration company you will find. Just pick up the phone and call a service representative today at (608) 424-4575, we're looking forward to the opportunity to assist you with all your Environmental Decontamination needs.
If you have any unanswered questions about a potential environmental cleaning or another related project in your Lake Wisconsin, Wisconsin, 53555 property, the best possible thing you can do is give our operators a call now at (608) 424-4575. Not only are they available 24/7 to answer any questions you might have. But they can also dispatch a team of environmental cleaning technicians in as little as 30 minutes to give you an estimate and begin offering you professional services. We are here to help you in any way we can, so give us a call right now at (608) 424-4575!
Certi-Dry is a full-service environmental cleaning company located near Lake Wisconsin, WI, 53555. We specialize in biohazard, environmental, and infectious disease remediation, among many other related restoration services. Certi-Dry is a big team comprised of hard-working men and women who want to make your problem ours in order to ease the stress that may arise from any environmental containment related traumatic situations. We will quickly come directly to your commercial or residential property and provide free estimates and will work hand in hand with you along the way to make sure you are getting the best service possible. We are available 24 hours a day 7 days a week for all your emergency needs. Call today for more information! (608) 424-4575
Here at Certi-Dry, our mission is to get your home or business in Lake Wisconsin, WI looking brand new again after you have suffered from any disaster requiring professional environmental decontamination assistance. In order to help you in the best way possible, we offer 24/7 emergency service, can respond in as little as 60 minutes to any size emergency, and will always provide you with an accurate estimate before any work is done. We are in the business of helping people and would be pleased to serve you today!


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The Li Wei non-photoshopped portfolio showcases the candid mid-air work of the Beijing-based artist. While Wei has been a favorite among communities who have come to deeply appreciate his aerial style, few have been privy to his unedited shots.
Wei has managed to release a hefty assortment of apparitions via his camera, subjects and backdrop only. Interestingly, the models that he has chosen to work with appear calm and collected, even as they balance upside down or above towering water fountains. It is in this way that he has made his images appear almost organic, capturing his subjects in what oddly enough appears to be their most natural of states. The floating bodies are nonetheless surreal, especially as they are clad in space suits and lime green tights.
Li Wei's Non-Photoshopped Portfolio is Aerial
References: liweiart & mymodernmet


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Censorship is making quite a comeback in the U.S. of A. these days, and it may well represent the left wing's greatest act of hypocrisy.
The list of recent examples is long. Condoleezza Rice was chased away from delivering the commencement address to the 2014 graduating class of Rutgers University. Brandeis University also disinvited Somali feminist Ayaan Hirsi from their 2014 graduation ceremony. Hirsi is known for being an irritant of Islam, especially in her criticisms of female genital mutilation.
In February, Charles Krauthammer contributed an article about global warming to the Washington Post entitled, The myth of settled science. One point he makes is that the propaganda-style use of the media by climate change evangelists "mocks the very notion of settled science, which is nothing but a crude attempt to silence critics and delegitimize debate." Ironically, climate-change zealots collected over 100,000 signatures petitioning the Post to refuse publishing Krauthammer's article. Krauthammer responded that, "they don't even hide it anymore. Now they proudly want certain arguments banished from discourse. The next step is book burning… Is there anything more anti-scientific than scientific truths being determined by petition and demonstration?"
Everyone who enjoyed Ben Stein's engaging 2008 documentary Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed is well aware of the shunning that takes place in academia for professors who venture outside of the Darwinian Evolution paddock. For a 2014 update, University of Chicago biologist Jerry Coyne "was pivotal in stampeding Ball State University president Jo Ann Gora to issue a campus-wide gag order on teaching about intelligent design in science classrooms," earning him the title 2014 Censor of the Year.
Then there is the parade of dismissals for getting caught conflicting with the rules of political correctness, a more subtle form of censorship. Mozilla fired their CEO on discovering that he had personally contributed to the campaign supporting traditional marriage in California – six years earlier. Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel pledged to ban Chic-Fil-A franchises from the city for supporting "the biblical definition of the family unit." And on a lighthearted note, A&E famously suspended the family patriarch of its hit show Duck Dynasty to muzzle his gauche comments on these social matters.
This brings up intriguing questions about truth, faith, and liberty. When competing thoughts are silenced, is there complete intellectual conviction by those holding the prevailing belief? Or is censorship merely an elixir used to quell a nagging doubt?
The most disturbing violence is employed by Islamic nations to silence religious dissent among their own, believing citizens. While the global quality of life rapidly advances all around them, the natural path to Islamic enlightenment is trammeled. It is as if the Imams themselves hold the least confidence in the ability of their practices to withstand the corrosive effects of reason.
In the new world 1776, bold faith came through deliberate vulnerability. Imagine the Christians who signed the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." The founding fathers avoided the temptation to compel Protestantism. Instead, they confidently participated in creating a culture where their faith would flourish on its own merits, or become displaced by competitive philosophies. They trusted in the resilience of truth.
A virtuous faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. But it is mere religion when people invest their credence in a utopia of human imaginations. Charles Krauthammer called out the global warming militants with, "All of this is driven by this ideology which, in and of itself, is a matter of almost theology."
We entrust our government with weapons to fulfill their primary objective of ensuring our rights. We entrust churches with theology to fulfill their primary objective of advancing eternal truth. The situation becomes volatile when a well-armed government assumes the authority of theology. It's not surprising then that they get bitter, they cling to guns or religion or antipathy to people who aren't like them.


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Wilhelm Reich
Wilhelm Reich (1897-1957)
On 1922 Reich obtained the degree in Medicine and in the same period approached Freud's work on psychoanalysis. On 1933 he published the first edition of Character Analysis and the Mass Psychology of Fascism. In this latter book he discusses the responsibilities of the masses in the establishment of the dictatorships. During the rise of the Nazi movement in Europe, he was invited by some Norwegian psychoanalysts... More…
Welcome in Orgonenergy
the italian portal dedicated to Orgonomy
Orgonomy is the science that studies pre-atomic, mass-free, and primordial
cosmic energy presents everywhere in the Universe
Traditional science considers the atom as a basic component for everything in nature, while orgonomy considers it just as a by-product of a specific function of the primordial energy, i.e. the superimposition of two or more streams of energy. Matter is simply formed from this phenomenon. A basic function of orgone energy is the pulsation. It is easily observable in the living organism under the form of cardiac pulsation, respiratory cycle, etc, and can be found in all levels in nature, i.e. atmospheric and cosmic. According to Reich, a further characteristic of a living organism is the orgastic convulsion.
For further info please contact email@example.com


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Five plaintiffs last week sought an MDL for federal lawsuits against Pfizer's Lipitor. The allegations are the same in all cases: the cholesterol drug caused them to develop diabetes.
The gist of plaintiffs claims is that the drug increased serum glucose levels causing diabetes. Pfizer never properly let patients or doctors know of this risk so they could make a different choice, or perhaps avoid this class of drugs altogether. Accordingly, the suits allege that Lipitor is defective and unreasonably dangerous and was sold with a warning that did not properly alert patients and doctors of the risk.
Not for nothing, Pfizer has been making money hand over fist with Pfizer. If you have help Pfizer stock in the last few years, you have gotten pretty rich in no small part due to Lipitor.
The MDL would create a "sort of" class action where all of the cases would be consolidated in federal court. The plaintiffs have suggested the case be centralized in South Carolina.
There have been a number of mass tort "the drug caused me diabetes" cases that have failed. With Lipitor be different? Let's see.


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Raw is War
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
January 24, 2005
Final Rumblings
Jan. 24, 2005
Randy Orton is ready for the Rumble.
The ôLegend Killerö dropped Evolutionĺs Ric Flair with an RKO on RAW, gaining crucial momentum heading into Sundayĺs huge pay-per-view. Triple H tried to soften Orton up before their big match, pulling out the referee and then going to work on Randyĺs left leg. He drove the World Heavyweight Championship belt into Ortonĺs knee, and after a Flair Figure-Four Leglock things didnĺt look good for the former Evolution protÚgÚ. But Ortonĺs ability to turn a match on a dime proved pivotal again. He hit his finisher, and before Flair or Triple H knew what had happened, it was all over.
The night took a twist for Evolution when both Batista and Ric Flair secured spot in the 30-man, over-the-top Royal Rumble Match. The Game wasnĺt sure he wanted allies vying for a shot at his World Heavyweight Championship, but he came around with the logic that the more men in the Rumble Match, the better the odds of the title staying with Evolution at WrestleMania.
Batista qualified by overcoming monstrous odds Ś stopping both members of La Resistance in a Handicap Royal Rumble Qualifying Match. Evolutionĺs animal first put down Sylvain Grenier before hitting a thunderous spinebuster, piling Robert Conway onto Grenierĺs prone body. After that, Batista was able to pick up an easy three-count.
The bigger surprise was the news that fellow Evolution member Ric Flair would also compete in the Royal Rumble Match on Jan. 30, courtesy of a request to General Manager Eric Bischoff by the Cerebral Assassin himself. Flair is no stranger to the Rumble; he won it in 1992 from starting position No. 3. Now, Triple H will have Evolution fully represented in the Royal Rumble Match in Fresno, Calif.
The RAW roster of 15 Superstars rounded out on Monday Night. Joining Batista and Flair were Muhammad Hassan, Viscera and Jonathan Coachman. Hassan won a qualifier against Val Venis; Viscera bullied Tajiri in an ôOver-the-Topö Qualifying Challenge; and Jonathan Coachman was offered William Regalĺs spot by Eric Bischoff out of pure spite.
For the complete list of Royal Rumble Match qualifiers, as well as Superstar interviews, click here.
Maven thought he found a backdoor into the Royal Rumble Match by challenging a current qualifier in a battle for that spot. But much to his chagrin, the two men to accept the challenge were Gene Snitsky and Kane. The two bitter rivals were bruised, beaten and slowed by last weekĺs devastation, and Maven tried to take advantage. In the end, Kane summoned the strength to hoist Maven for a chokeslam and get the cover. Maven will have to buy a ticket to be near the Rumble Match in Fresno.
In addition to participating in the Royal Rumble Match itself, Edge and Shawn Michaels will go at it one-on-one. The fans in attendance in Oklahoma City, Okla., got a taste of what that heated matchup will be like during a six-man tag match on RAW. HBK, Chris Benoit and Chris Jericho battled Edge, Christian and Tyson Tomko. Michaels was able to land Sweet Chin Music on the ôProblem Solver,ö allowing Benoit to roll Tomko up and get the win. The result that only further incited Edgeĺs rage heading into Sundayĺs pay-per-view.
It was a special night for RAWĺs own J.R. Governor Brad Henry declared it ôJim ĹJ.R.ĺ Ross Dayö in the state of Oklahoma.
Unfortunately, Evolution ruined the ceremony, berating then attacking J.R. and intimidating Stacy Keibler. Only Randy Orton intervening saved Stacy from falling victim to the Pedigree.
HBK, Chris Jericho & Chris Benoit def. Edge, Christian & Tyson Tomko
Viscera def. Tajiri (Over-the-Top Qualifying Challenge)
Batista def. La Resistance (Handicap Qualifying
Muhammad Hassan def. Val Venis (Royal Rumbe Qualifier)
Kane def. Maven and Gene Snitsky (Triple Threat Match)
Randy Orton def. Ric Flair


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' Badger People ' earn high praise from Chris Packham
Chris Packham says
Badgers at BROCKenhurst Anima Event
The image which represents the venue of the Anima Event is that of the badger.
Any town or village which includes the name Brock indicates an ancient presence of this much venerated and more recently often abused creature.
It is only fitting that the badger should feature in the Anima Event at Brockenhurst Village Community Centre on Saturday 30th September.
The Badger Trust will be there promoting their recently launched campaign, ' Give Badgers A Brake ' to encourage reporting sightings of badgers killed due to road traffic allowing the trust to ascertain hotspots where badgers are continually being killed and to then lobby for improved mitigation. Reports can be made online at https://www.badger.org.uk/report.
Traffic is the number one threat to badgers in the UK. Recent surveys, have estimated that 50,000 badgers are killed every year, making badgers the most numerous victims of road traffic accidents of all UK species.
The Chief Executive of the Badger Trust and Policy Adviser to the Born Free Foundation Dominic Dyer is one of the UK's leading wildlife protection campaigners, broadcaster and writers.
He took up this role after a career in government and industry. Now he uses skills he acquired in Whitehall, Brussels and the Corporate Board Room to fight for the protection of animals at home and abroad. He is a regular speaker at wildlife protection protests, conferences and exhibitions and a contributor to the print and broadcast media on a wide range of issues ranging from the badger cull and wildlife crime in the UK to the protection of dolphins, lion and elephants around the world.
In August 2016 Dominic published "Badgered to Death" a hard hitting and controversial book which looks at the demonisation of the badger over the last 40 years and how it is now being killed in large numbers for short term political and economic interests.
Chris Packham says
" I am a great fan of Dominic Dyer. Like many others I am in awe of his passion, drive and commitment, of his values and motives and of his profound determination to highlight injustice, resist apathy and campaign for wildlife protection"
Dominic will talk in depth about writing his book Badgered to Death and the wider political and economic issues concerning the protection of wildlife at home and abroad to be followed by a wider debate on the issues raised with the audience and a book signing.
Another "Badger person" greatly admired by Chris Packham is the world famous pioneer of natural history film making and photography Eric Ashby MBE. The Event offers a unique opportunity for people to see a very wide range of Eric's work and to purchase them.
Eric Ashby (1918 – 2003) shared his love of the New Forest with the world through his wildlife films. He believed that wild animals should be filmed behaving naturally, and his high standards of still photography and film-making in the wild became his hallmark.
He was an extraordinarily patient man, visiting a site on 90 occasions to record just one minute of film about a badger. He was the first to capture the behaviour of badgers in daylight. In the early 1960s, his films brought an air of delight and wonder. He created the first artificial Badgers Sett which allowed him to reveal the intimate daily life of this delightful creature in his film "At Home With Badgers'.
An ardent conservationist, he founded the first New Forest Badger Group in 1969.
Chris Packham says
"Eric and his wife Eileen were a great source of encouragement to me when I was younger and a little more fragile. A lovely man. And every time I campaign against the horror that is fox hunting I think of him and hope I do his memory justice ."
The Anima Event is at Brockenhurst Village Community Centre on Saturday 30th September. There will be over 30 stalls and all of the exhibitors at the event are, in their own way, helping us all to have a gentler footprint on the planet which we share.
The event has been organised by No More Dodos a charity which uniquely uses Art and Sport to inspire change in our lifestyles.
If you are in any way interested in animals and the planet we live on, this should be the day for you.
Please do share and put it in your diary right away!
Entrance to Anima is a very affordable suggested donation of £2.50 per person and £5 for a family.
For all press and other enquiries please call Geoff Francis on 07581221462
Photo reference available.
Press release distributed by Pressat on behalf of No More Dodos Charity, on Friday 15 September, 2017. For more information subscribe and follow https://pressat.co.uk/
Badger Wildlife Traffic Film Photography Packham Born Free Animals Brockenhurst Charities & non-profits Environment & Nature Farming & Animals
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MOUNT OLIVE — Police in northern New Jersey can't force a California trucker accused of hauling marijuana to reveal his password to unlock his BlackBerry.
A judge in Morristown on Thursday ruled that disclosing the password would violate the trucker's Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination.
The Daily Record of Parsippany reports a state trooper stopped J. Arturo Vergara of Ontario, Calif., in Mount Olive for a safety inspection in 2010.
Police say Vergara was carrying snack bars, canned goods and 364 pounds of marijuana.
He's due to stand trial next week.
• Morristown judge won't dismiss 364 pounds of marijuana as evidence in truck driver case
• Calif. man is arrested in Mount Olive with 350 pounds of marijuana


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Score a Great Deal During Memorial Day Sales
For instance, if you're in the market for electronics, this is is not the best time to buy. They'll be on sale, but prices won't be as low as they are during Thanksgiving and Christmas. You're better off waiting until Black Friday to make these kinds of purchases.
Memorial Day weekend is a great time to focus on appliances and furniture. According to Dealspl.us, Sears discounted their Kenmore appliances by 30 percent, and offered other brands at 15 percent off retail price. Meanwhile, Kmart offered 50 percent off of their furniture, and Home Depot reportedly had patio accessories on sale for 50 percent off.
Finally, timing is everything. ShopItToMe.com says that there are two to three times more sales to be found on the Friday before Memorial Day, while they tend to taper off on Sunday and Monday. For the best selection online, start searching for sales on Wednesday. Convenient sites like Memorialdaysales.net will help you make sense of it all, and tell you who's selling what, when and where. Happy shopping!


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Woman crushed in London between cars in 'road-rage attack'
A woman was badly injured when she was crushed between two cars in a possible road-rage attack in central London.
The Met said officers were looking into claims a Land Rover was driven at the woman, trapping her against a Mercedes, near Hyde Park Corner on Sunday night.
The woman, in her 40s, was taken to hospital where her injuries were described as possibly life-changing.
A 23-year-old man was Tasered and arrested at the scene on suspicion of affray.
He has subsequently also been arrested on suspicion of grievous bodily harm and driving while disqualified in connection with the incident at about 20:15 BST, the police force said.
Tourist Deepak Anand, 40, from Vancouver, Canada, was on a bus with his wife and son and filmed what happened at the junction of Grosvenor Place.
Mr Anand said he saw a man trying to pull a driver out of a Land Rover, which then "accelerated on to oncoming traffic" before lodging the woman between the car and a black Mercedes-Benz.
The Mercedes also hit a stationary bus but there were no reports any passengers were injured.
Mr Anand said police officers arrived shortly after and Tasered a man.
Witnesses said the woman could be heard screaming and fell to the ground after the cars were separated.
Police said the woman had been taken to a central London hospital for treatment.
A Metropolitan Police spokesman said: "At this early stage it is believed she was the occupant of a car who became involved in a dispute with another car.
"She had got out of her car before being struck by the other car as it attempted to drive away."
A second man, who complained of feeling unwell at the scene, was taken to hospital and has since been discharged.
rat infestation kingston upon thames
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text: The School Of Business is in session! T-Pain, beloved hip hop artist, comedic personality and business mogul hits the road to meet the entrepreneurs who are defining the future. In this session, T-Pain visits with the youngest owner of a professional gaming league and talks about the future of e-sports. Then, he meets with a crew who claim to have the cure for hangovers. (Sounds like Nobel Prize winning work!) Plus, T-Pain examines some cat butt at a cat cafe.


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Welcome to our Newsletters pages
Newsletters are regularly produced by the DAA secretariat, and are provided on this page in both Word and PDF format.
The newsletters contain summaries with the following information:
• awards won by members,
• current Calls to Arms,
• DAA project updates,
• updates on Govt policies and publications,
• new DAA members.
If you are a member, newsletters will also be emailed out to you.


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Coup Bar in NYC Donates to Charities
This Bar Just Gave You a Charitable Excuse to Drink Up During the Next 4 Years
At Coup, charity comes in the form of a cosmo, a martini, or even a margarita. The Manhattan-based bar, which opened on April 14, is redefining happy hour under the current presidential administration by granting patrons a token for each beverage purchased. That token can then be dropped in a jar corresponding to a specific charity and Coup will make donations accordingly.
Although Coup provides support to charities like Planned Parenthood, its founder, Ravi DeRossi, also wants to make it clear that the bar isn't exclusively anti-Donald Trump. In an interview with Thrillist, DeRossi said, "We're just a pro-charity bar and the charities we happen to be working with right now are organizations that need money right now to fight this current administration or are being defunded."
Cocktail prices are not currently listed online, but beer and mocktails are priced at $15 — so mixed drinks might be expensive. That being said, Coup is a nontipping bar and any additional gratuity is also donated.
What's more, Coup regularly hosts guest bartenders who are given the opportunity to promote a charity of choice. To become a guest bartender, simply apply online and create a cocktail menu consisting of one to three drinks. Guest bartenders are paid $20 an hour; however, they can also choose to kindly donate whatever they make.
Inside, protest posters line the walls. One poster features Michelle Obama's famous phrase, "When they go low, we go high." By the same token, the drinks just look damn good, so doing the right thing has never looked more chill.


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Farm Bistro
Cafe in Cortez & the Four Corners
With a mantra of 'mostly local, mostly organic,' this brick cafe with mismatched seat-yourself tables is a hub for healthy appetites. On the menu are grass-fed beef burgers with tomato jam, zucchini fritter salad and homemade green chili with a worthy zing. Ingredients come from an organic farm down the road in Mancos. Vegan and gluten-free options available.


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We all know about 'orphan' or ghost brands, the ones that get left by the wayside in big multi-brand companies.
Well they don't come much bigger than Kraft and it's hit on an ingenious way of finding out if there's some life left in these, by appointing a roster of agencies new to Kraft to work their magic.
Here's a campaign for Breakstone's sour cream from Interpublic-owned The Martin Agency.
Breakstone's, which trades as Knudsen on the West Coast, spent just $331,000 last year compared to over $10m in 2009.
Another one is Athenos, which recently appointed Droga5.


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Schedule: Mondays and Wednesdays; 8 p.m. – 11 p.m.
November 11 through December 2, 2020. No class on November 25.
Location: online
$649 promotional rate for early registration
$749 beginning October 14, 2020
Special rate for UWRF alumni, faculty, staff, students and their children
Last day to withdraw for refund: October 23, 2020 less a processing fee of $69.
Registration implies permission for photos, publicity and inclusion in our mailing list unless UW-River Falls Outreach and Continuing Education office is notified in writing prior to the event.
Visit go.uwrf.edu/testprep for complete course information
Note: We request a phone number in an effort to inform you of issues related to shipping materials.


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Register or login as a member and within minutes you'll be automatically matched to activities that you and your children will .
1. Add your child's name - or nickname - birth month and birth year.
2. Tell us if they like or don't like particular types of activities and give us one or more locations that work for you.
3. And that's it, instantly you will have activities that match what you're looking for in your member account and on your new personalised home page. Nice!
You're a tad busy so want to find awesome activities, clubs and classes for your children without the work.
Now you can with the new personalised What's On 4 Kids - just become a member, add a few details and we'll match you with activities that you want - instantly!
Plus you then have a personalised home page that shows your matched activities and only features that are relevant to you.
You can also click the to show how much you love an activity and this automatically saves it for you too.
But this is more than just the 'tech'. For over 14 years we have helped millions and millions of parents quickly and easily find the right activities for their children and we have rewarded and recognised the best in the industry with the What's On 4 Kids Awards.
Most recently we have a key role in establishing and growing the not-for-profit Children's Activities Association and the national Children's Activities Week campaign.
We were founded in 2006 by Sam Willoughby who had a young baby and needed a flexible and rewarding job.
Flexibility is just as important today and we remain a small and caring team of parents that work very hard from home to help you in every way we can.
And our new flexibleworking.works could also help you find the perfect flexible job too!
Advertise on What's On 4 Kids
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When it comes to saving The Queensbury, something usually happens in March. So STQ towers are a little nervous that it's almost the last week of March and nothing much has happened, yet.
In March 2013 we had our one and only meeting with representatives of Fairview New Homes.
In March 2014 Brent's planning committee threw out the application to demolish the pub.
In March of 2015 the government's inspector threw out the appeal.
It's now March 2016 and we can't help feel uneasy that nothing of note has happened – least not that we're aware of…
Still no news on when Brent Council will list the building locally and our efforts to uncover who took a decision to not proceed have drawn a blank. It's a secret, apparently. Still no new planning application from the building's owners.
Perhaps we'll get to eat eggs stress-free this year?


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Узнать больше о подписке Scribd
Откройте для себя все, что может предложить Scribd, включая книги и аудиокниги от крупных издательств.
Pinpointing exactly how far IPC's roots stretch back into the midst of publishing history is a complicated business. The International Publishing Corporation Ltd was formed in 1963 following the merger of the UK's three leading magazine publishers - George Newnes, Odhams Press and Fleetway Publications - who came together with the Mirror Group to form the International Publishing Corporation (IPC). And IPC Magazines was created five years later, in 1968. But those three original magazine businesses each had their own illustrious history, having been established in 1881, 1890 and 1880 respectively, with a number of the titles they launched in the late 19th Century still being published today under the IPC umbrella. And when The Field, launched in 1853, joined the IPC stable in 1994 following the acquisition of Harmsworth Magazines, it saw our family tree reach back even further. The IPC story has taken many fascinating twists and turns in that 150-year period, as our timeline below reveals.
The 1800s The Field launched in 1853 and within a year became the largest newspaper in Europe, with 24 pages. It had its own correspondent throughout the Crimean War and its November 18, 1854 issue ran a series of personal narratives of those who took part in the Charge of the Light Brigade. Eight further IPC titles that are still thriving today were launched in the late 1800s: Country Life, Horse & Hound, Shooting Times, Yachting World, Amateur Gardening, Cycling Weekly, Amateur Photographer and The Railway Magazine*. Competitions played a key role in sales promotions for all early IPC titles, and none more so than the sensational prize offered by the fledgling magazine, Answers, in 1889 - the then unheard of fortune of 1 a week for life to any reader who could guess the amount of gold and silver in the Bank of England on a given date.
The early 1900s The opening of the new century saw the arrival of three titles set to become part of IPC Media many years later - Yachting Monthly, Cage Birds* and Motor Boat. The first of IPC's four traditional women's weeklies, Woman's Weekly, launched in November 1911 under the editorial banner "our motto - practical and useful". The same year, golfers north of the border got the first copies of their own new title, Golf Monthly.
Homes & Gardens became one of the first magazines to be published after the First World War. Its early issues were distinctly down to earth, with features ranging from how to 'Wash at home with a machine', to the shrewd idea of 'combining the kitchen with the scullery'.
The 1920s Odhams launched the new monthly Ideal Home in opposition to Newnes' Homes & Gardens. Its first editor, Captain GC Clarke, wanted it to strive against "the erection of hideous houses which go to mar the beauty of what would under any other circumstances be the most ideal and beautiful environment," referring to the government's promise in 1921 to build 100,000 houses as part of its post-war planning. woman&home entered the market in 1926, and by its third birthday in 1929 had grown to a steady 144 pages, majoring on fiction.
The 1930s The 1932 launch of Woman's Own heralded the arrival of one of IPC's traditional 'Big Two', with the appearance of Woman following just five years later. Newnes promoted its first issue of Woman's Own with a free cover-mounted gift - three skeins of wool with every copy! The first issue of Woman in 1937 cost 2d and was the first full-colour magazine at that price. Other titles launched in this decade included Caravan*, Stamp Magazine* and Prediction*.
The 1940s A key wartime role was played by IPC's women's weeklies, keeping up the morale of Britain's women and supplying an essential information service on behalf of the Government. Many of the Woman covers from the wartime years are regarded as classic works of art in their own right, while wartime Woman's Own covers played their own part in rallying women to the wartime cause.
The 1950s The upsurge in the music scene heralded the arrival of New Musical Express in 1952. Launched amidst the heady days of Radio Luxembourg, NME set the ball rolling with its compilation of the first official UK record chart - topping that bill as Britain's very first number one was Al Martino's Here In My Heart. Following the arrival of ITV in 1955, TVTimes, operating out of a tiny office in High Holborn, published its first issue - in black & white - covering the new commercial stations. The cover stars were Lucille Ball and Patricia Dainton, star of the 15-minute daily soap opera, Sixpenny Corner.
Originally published by the ITV companies, TVTimes was acquired by IPC in 1989 in the run-up to the deregulation of the TV listings market.
The 1960s Life for magazine staff would never be the same again following the 1963 formation of the International Publishing Corporation, bringing together the three rival magazine companies, Newnes, Fleetway and Odhams Press. Traditional competitors found themselves all working for the same parent company - Ideal Home andHomes & Gardens, Woman and Woman's Own, to name but a few. 1969 saw the birth of a new football weekly - Shoot!* - launched to capitalise on the upsurge of interest in the game generated by England's World Cup victory three years earlier. Other IPC titles making their debut in the Swinging Sixties included Rugby World, World Soccer, Angler's Mailand Family Circle*.
The 1970s The Reed Group acquires IPC in 1970 to form the giant global corporation, Reed International. IPC welcomed the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh to its King's Reach Tower HQ. HRH drops in on Horse & Hound, Country Life, Woman and Woman's Own, while Prince Philip makes a solo visit to Angler's Mail andYachting Monthly. Not a lot of people know it, but IPC was at the forefront of the pre-recorded video market with the formation of the IPC video division in 1976. One notable early launch was the home video of Joan Collins' The Stud. Succesful launches included Aeroplane Monthly*, Sporting Gun and SuperBike*.
The 1980s IPC announces the formation of European Magazines Ltd., a joint venture company with Groupe Marie Claire to launch the UK edition of the international title Marie Claire in 1988. In a scheme to encourage and honour editorial excellence within the company, the IPC Editorial Awards are introduced, now a key event in the company calendar. IPC embarks upon the biggest sales campaign in its history, spearheaded by 21 of its top editors the first ad features 'Four of Britain's Most Influential People' - the editors of its women's weeklies. The launch issue of Essentials is a sell-out, and after just six issues launches in France as Avantages, in conjunction with Groupe Marie Claire. Other new IPC titles on the newstand include
4x4*, Eventing, Chat, Mizz*, Motor Caravan Magazine*, Wedding & Home*, Country Homes & Interiors, Classic Boat*, Model Collector*, Motor Boats Monthly, Practical Parenting*, VolksWorld and Bird Keeper*.
The 1990s With the deregulation of the TV listings market, What's on TV makes its triumphant entrance onto the scene in 1991. In the face of fierce competition, it goes on to become the UK's best-seling magazine, a position it still enjoys today. In one of the most dramatic arrivals in publishing history, revolutionary lads title Loaded* hits the newsstands in 1994. Hailed as the outstanding launch of recent years, it spawns countless clones and opens up the whole young men's market. The women's weeklies go into overdrive, with IPC acquiring Here! from Gruner & Jahr and merging it intoNow, launched in 1996. NME becomes the first major UK music title to get its own internet site - nme.com - destined to go on to become Europe's most popular music website. IPC Magazines is sold to Cinven for 860m in 1998, one of the largest management buyouts in UK history. IPC Magazines continues to evolve still further in 1999, with the formation of five limited companies based on the former publishing groups - IPC Connect, IPC SouthBank, IPC tx, IPC ignite! and IPC Country & Leisure Media.
The 2000s New millennium, new name - IPC Magazines is renamed IPC Media in 2000, a new identity to go hand-in-hand with a strategy based on being a brand-centric business. Time Warner acquires IPC Media for a cool 1.15bn in October 2001 - the biggest magazine deal ever seen in the UK and the biggest transatlantic media deal of our time. ignite! launches Nuts, the world's first men's weekly magazine, in January 2004. Backed by an 8 million marketing investment, it's the biggest launch in IPC's history. After 30 years in King's Reach Tower, IPC announces in May 2004 that it is to move into brand new offices next to the Tate Modern in 2007. IPC Connect unveils the new generation Real Life weekly for women - Pick Me Up in January 2005. The launch is backed by a 6million marketing investment and with the largest sampling exercise in UK magazine history.
IPC tx unveils TVeasy in April 2005 - the third major launch in 16 months from IPC Media's innovations programme, initiated by chief executive Sylvia Auton in 2003. The magazine is Britain's very first compact paid-for TV Listings weekly and is backed by a 10million marketing investment. In Feb 2007 IPC Connect launches Look - the UK's first glossy high street fashion and celebrity style weekly magazine. In a joint venture with Groupe Marie Claire, and backed by an 18m investment, LOOK is IPC's biggest ever launch. IPC Media develops great new digital media brands such as housetohome, goodtoknow and shootinguk. In November 2007, IPC Inspire acquires TrustedReviews.com - the website that delivers original, expert reviews about consumer electronics & IT equipment across 21 different product categories. IPC Ignite acquires Mousebreaker in June 2008 - the essential free-to-play gaming site. Featuring over 200 online flash-based games, Mousebreaker leads the free casual games sector in the UK.
The 2010s In January 2010, IPC Media restructured around three key audience groups: men, mass-market women and up-market women. IPC launches two new monthly magazines - Style at Home and goodtoknow Recipes. In June 2011, IPC Connect launches a major new brand - Feelgood games - targeting mass market mums with the very best games and rewarding them with real gifts.


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Mad Mod was a British criminal with a hand-crafted high tech cane that can drain a person's youth and add it to his own. He operated in England for years before turning his sights onto the upstart young group of scallywags known as the Teen Titans.
Mad Mod
Kidnapping the group of super-hero teens by unknown means, he bonded them into power specific chairs with the intention of reprogramming their minds to be suitable British lads and lasses instead of the rabble rousing American children they were now. As the Titans free themselves and go after Mad Mod they realize that despite the appearance of reality changing and hypnotic powers it was all a ruse. They tear down the establishment around them and reveal an elderly man sitting behind a computer screen and talking into a microphone. They leave England and Mad Mod's "school" whilst throwing him into jail.
Mad Mod escapes from jail sometime later to exact his revenge on the Titans. Knowing full well that they were able to figure out his tricks and not look directly into the hypnotic screens (something Beast Boy failed to remember) he devised a new plan to stop them. Using his trademark cane, he stormed Jump City and begins to rudely interrupt their merriment. Seemingly rearranging the entirety of the city to his whim and reducing Robin to an elderly age, Mod finally seemed to have the upper hand. However, the Teen Titans were able to defeat Mad Mod with specifically planned teamwork. Employing their own American brand of trickery, they fooled Mad Mod into an elaborate speech and distracted him long enough to steal his cane and bring Robin back to fighting form. Returning Mad Mod to his elderly age they sent him back to jail.
Joining the Brotherhood
Sometime later, Mad Mod joined the Brotherhood of Evil. The villain must have sucked the youth out of another victim because he is his younger self while at the underground base in France. When the Teen Titans arrive, Mod is beaten like every other villain and is cryogenically frozen.
Powers and Abilities
- Deception: Mad Mod found a way to kidnap and trick every single member of the Teen Titans without their knowing. He convinced them that his stage antics are in fact reality on multiple occasions.
- Electrical Engineering: Mad Mod's proficiency in electric components has allowed him a more than just keen level of skill with item creations such as his body switching cane and various televisions.
- Gadgetry: A master of technology, everything Mad Mod makes he knows how to control down to each and every nut and bolt.
- Mechanical Engineering: One of Mad Mod's finer skills is the ability to create massive stage-like devices and scenarios. Even changing an entire mansion into a maze of trickery and hypnotic screens.
- Robotic Engineering: Often overlooked by their lack of intelligence. Mad Mod's robotic creations are always deadly and dangerous, even requiring the full teamwork of the Teen Titans to take one down.
- Driving
- Firearms
- Restricted Mobility: He is too physically old to continue fighting or keeping in shape.
- Mad Mod's Cane
- Mo-Ped: Mad Mod has shown to have a mo-ped that he uses to make his quick getaway.[1]
- This version of the character is exclusive to the continuity of the television series Teen Titans, the animated shorts that continued the series, and its tie-in comic book series Teen Titans Go!. It is an adaptation of Mad Mod. The original character was created by Bob Haney and Nick Cardy and first appeared in Teen Titans #7.
- Mad Mod was voiced by Malcolm McDowell for the animated series and by Greg Ellis for the tie-in video game.
- 17 Appearances of Mad Mod (Teen Titans TV Series)
- 7 Images featuring Mad Mod (Teen Titans TV Series)
- 2 Quotations by or about Mad Mod (Teen Titans TV Series)
- Character Gallery: Mad Mod (Teen Titans TV Series)
|Titans Villain(s)
This character is or was primarily an enemy of the Teen Titans, the Titans, or any of the other various Titans incarnations. This template will categorize articles that include it into the "Titans Villains" category.


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Volunteers Brighten Up U.S.VETS – Waianae
U.S.VETS – Waianae was the recipient of a wonderful community service project on Saturday, March 5, 2016, from volunteers participating through the group Random Acts.
They were joined by other community volunteers, including members from BOMA (Building Owners and Managers Association), the VA Vet Center of Kapolei, members of the VFW, and Wounded Warrior Project, to put up a much needed fresh coat of paint in our housing facility.
Approximately 60 volunteers arrived before 9:00 a.m. and literally began "attacking" the painting project with enthusiasm and determination- in fact, they completed their project so handily that they even had time to paint additional areas on site including the conference room and ADA bathroom!
U.S.VETS – Waianae has adopted the catch-phrase "Hana Like Kakou" (Many Hands Working Together) which the group truly exemplified- we offer all of the volunteers our heartfelt thanks for a job well done with Hana Like Kakou Spirit!!


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My Vintage Journey
I want so very much to share my journey.
I want so very much to get back the style that I let slide away.
I want, hopefully, to inspire at least one person to take back their self and inject their life with vivacity.
Ten years ago I was a vintage styled, singing, dancing and superbly coiffed young woman. To no fault of anyone but myself, I have become a tracksuit wearing, non-dancing semi-slob
I decided that this has to change. I'm not happy in my own skin, I hate the clothes (or a great part thereof) in my wardrobe, I miss my "hair time", my vintage/inspired clothes, I miss dancing and most of all, I miss a part of me that has fallen into semi-oblivion.
I have the commitment of my family to support me. I am investing in some new 'classic' and yet vintage styled sewing patterns so that I can love what I see in my wardrobe every day. I also have bought some velcro rollers, curl clips and a setting net so that my coiff can be silky smooth and bouncy.
So that's the external stuff, right? What about the mentality, the drive, the ambition to make *this* time the time that it works. Well, at almost 34 I have to make the change now if it's ever going to happen long term, right?
I plan on including lot of different things along the way. From hair and makeup, to garments I sew for myself, bargain shopping finds, recipes and exercise triumphs!
I have no time frame, as it's more important for this to be a lasting change. But I do have other goals.
- Eradicate 'sweats' and the like from my wardrobe. I deserve to look fantastic every day.
- Look after my skin better, from within as well as externally.
- Maintain a vintage hair cut & style it every day. NO MORE PONYTAILS!
- Do something that makes me happy every single day.
Join me on my path from frumpy to fabulous!


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Master's Study Programs
The comprehensive Master's degree program at the Faculty of Law helps students extend their knowledge and specialize in various areas of law. The Master's study programs offer great flexibility in the subjects covered, including the option of specialization and the opportunity to extend students' legal expertise.
The internationally focused Double Degree programs offer the particular opportunity of studying at two locations during the program and consequently acquiring an in-depth knowledge of two different national legal areas and achieving two Master's degrees as a result. The Joint Degree program allows students to complete a Master's study program at two partner faculties in Switzerland simultaneously, and as a result to apply and extend knowledge of Swiss and international law plus German and French legal terminology across universities.
Master of Law UZH
Double Degree Master's Programs
Double Degree King's College London
Double Degree Maastricht University
Double Degree Université de Strasbourg
Double Degree The University of Hong Kong
Double Degree Berkeley Law, University of California
Double Degree Doshisha University
Double Degree Katholieke Universiteit Leuven