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PYRN Germany
On 24 October 2014, PYRN-DACH (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) held its meeting in the frame of the 7th AK Permafrost meeting in Wartaweil/ Lake Ammer with a professional workshop on "10 steps how to write and publish a paper" chaired by Tress&Tress. Since then, various international meetings and activities were organized by PYRN international.
Among them, a meeting was held and a presentation given at Arctic Change (Dec 2014) in Ottawa, a course on "The future of permafrost in a climate-changing world" was organized at EGU in Vienna (April 2015), a poster on "Perspectives and priorities of the next generation on permafrost research" was presented at ASSW in Toyama (April 2015), an excursion was organized at the PAST Gateways conference in Potsdam (May 2015), involvement of Young National Correspondents in GTN-P was decided at a GTN-P workshop in Québec (Sept 2015), a best presentation award was given at GeoQuébec (Sept 2015).
PYRN`s 10th Birthday was celebrated in Pushchino (Sept 2015), and a student`s day was co-organized by PYRN at the ArcticNet meeting in Vancouver (Dec 2015) and AGU in San Francisco (both Dec 2015). PYRN initiated several outreach activities besides its quarterly newsletter, like printed Fflyers, improvement of the website and supporting the IPA Action Group on "Permafrost comics". Further on, a 4-year strategy for PYRN was formulated and a PYRN member census was started which results will be published and presented at ICOP2016 in June in Potsdam. PYRN is actively involved in organizing ECR activities at ICOP2016, like a junior meets senior lounge, a soccer tournament and PYRN members co-chairing the sessions. During the past and coming month, we channel our energies in organizing a fruitful 2-day Permafrost Young Researcher Workshop prior the conference together with our partners from APECS, USPA and ADAPT. Since 2015, PYRN gratefully receives a yearly financial support by the IPA.
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Figure 1. Zugspitze excursion with PYRN-DACH and AK Permafrost members on Oct. 23., 2014 to the Eibsee rock avalanche deposits and the Zugspitze in the background.
Alfred Wegener Institute
Within the ERC project "Rapid Permafrost Thaw in a Warming Arctic and Impacts on the Soil Organic Carbon Pool" (PETA-CARB), led by Guido Grosse, three field campaigns were conducted in Siberia and Alaska in 2015. During March and April, Guido Grosse and Jens Strauss participated in a joint drilling expedition with colleagues from the Melnikov Permafrost Institute (PI) in Yakutsk and Mathias Ulrich from the University of Leipzig. This two-week expedition was conducted in the Yukechi Alas in Central Yakutia. The aim was to core permafrost and talik sites in thermokarst lake basins and on surrounding Yedoma uplands. During July, with US-based colleagues from United Stated Geological Survey (USGS) and the University Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), the PETA-CARB team consisting of Guido Grosse, Frank Günther, Matthias Fuchs and Ingmar Nitze collected permafrost cores along transects in Arctic river deltas and thermokarst-affected terrains. The aim of this expedition was to sample for carbon stock analysis on the Alaska Northslope. Starting from the Teshekpuk Lake Observatory, floatplane-based ground-truthing and validation of trends in landcover changes observed in super-temporal Landsat-time series datasets were conducted south of Teshekpuk Lake and along the Beaufort sea coast between Cape Halkett and Drew Point. Across an upland between two thermokarst lakes, an extensive land elevation survey grid was installed for repeat measurements using laser scanning to detect and quantify thaw subsidence. During a follow-up expedition in August, permafrost thaw survey grids that have been instrumented in the preceding year with long-term reference markers were resurveyed on Sobo-Sise Island in the eastern Lena Delta and on the Bykovsky Peninsula. Frank Günther from the PETA-CARB project and colleagues from PI Yakutsk, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, and Hamburg University took part. The goal for this expedition was to study past and current thermokarst landscape dynamics. Several data loggers in shallow boreholes in ice-rich permafrost and in thermokarst lakes and ponds have been recovered and read-out for monitoring purposes of water and soil temperatures.
Many Russian-German permafrost research teams used the new Research Station Samoylov Island, operated by the Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science (IPGG) since 2013, during spring, summer, and fall covering several disciplines and topics. These included carbon storage and turnover, trace gas emissions, permafrost degradation by thermokarst and thermal erosion, surface subsidence, water and energy balance, and long term observational studies. In June 2015 the directors of AWI, Prof. Karin Lochte and Dr. Karsten Wurr, together with other delegates from AWI and University of Hamburg, visited several Siberian partner institutions including IPGG and the Research Station Samoylov Island in order to discuss further deepening of the Russian-German cooperation in the field of permafrost research. During the visit to the station, the delegation was able to gain a personal impression of the excellent working and living conditions on site. In Yakutsk, Prof. Hans-Wolfgang Hubberten received the honour of being awarded membership of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha as the first non-Russian member for his past achievements and long years of promoting Russian-German scientific collaboration.
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The Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) developed a Data Management System (www.gtnpdatabase.org) collecting permafrost temperatures and active layer thickness data from all permafrost regions of the Earth. The GTN-P Secretariat is coordinated and managed by the AWI (GTN-P Director Boris Biskaborn). GTN-P is currently working on an international data collecting effort to establish global datasets on permafrost Essential Climate Variables. The new snapshot on the thermal state of permafrost and active layer thickness is planned for presentation at the ICOP2016 and for publication in a high-ranking journal.
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Helmholtz Young Investigator Group COPER (Coastal Permafrost erosion, organic carbon and nutrient release to the Arctic nearshore zone; https://www.awi.de/forschung/nachwuchsgruppen/coper.html) led by Hugues Lantuit has arrived at half-time of the project. At the same time, this year's expedition was the tenth of the AWI in the area and took place from 15 July until 23 August on Herschel Island (NW Canada). The expedition was conducted in cooperation between the AWI (H. Lantuit), the Geological Survey of Canada (Gavin Manson) and the University of Edinburgh (Isla Myers-Smith). Monitoring efforts were continued for micro-meteorology and lateral transfer of sediment, organic matter and nutrients in the land-ocean continuum (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1881). Weather station and a cutthroat flume, already used since 2010, were deployed at the outlet of retrogressive thaw slumps and thaw streams. Water samples from creeks, lakes, ponds and sea water were taken for Michael Fritz to characterize the geochemical composition and the fate of organic matter in freshwater ecosystems and in the nearshore zone (http://www.the-cryosphere.net/9/737/2015/). Extensive active-layer sampling and moisture measurements will help Samuel Stettner as ground-truth datasets for remote sensing of moisture conditions on large scales. Additionally, vegetation surveys were conducted by I. Myers-Smith to help characterizing the role of shrub growth on the ground thermal regime and they can assess greening of the Arctic. AWI boat FS "Christine" was used as platform to conduct sampling of the seafloor sediments and oceanographic monitoring under supervision of Michael Fritz and George Tanski. In cooperation with the Geological Survey of Canada (G. Manson), Anna Konopczak performed DGPS surveys along the Yukon mainland to monitor coastal erosion rates since sea ice had retreated dramatically in the last years (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-0046-0).
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University of Bonn
The working group of Richard Dikau (Richard Dikau, Jana Eichel, Karoline Messenzehl, Katharina Eibisch) of the University of Bonn continued its fieldwork in the Turtmann Valley (Valais Alps, Switzerland). The BIMODAL project ('Biogeomor¬phic dynamics on lateral moraines in the Turtmann glacier forefield, Switzerland') with PhD student Jana Eichel, supervised by R. Dikau (University of Bonn) and Sebastian Schmidtlein (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), proceeded with its work on feedbacks between geomorphic and vegetation dynamics on alpine late¬ral moraine slopes. In cooperation with Nele Meyer (Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn), soil samples were taken and iButton temperature loggers were read out at established permanent plots to investigate interactions between vegetation, soil, snow and geomorphic processes. Field investigations of turf-banked solifluction lobes were continued in cooperation with Daniel Draebing (Bonn, TU Munich) and Lasse Klingbeil and Markus Wieland (Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn). This included geomorphological and vegetation mapping, repeated 2D and 3D Electrical resistivity tomographies, an octocopter mission and terrestrial laserscanning to identify solifluction movement and its controlling factors. The findings on conditions for feedbacks between vegetation and geomorphic processes on lateral moraine slopes were published by Eichel, Corenblit and Dikau in a paper about a 'biogeomorphic feedback window' (www.dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3859).
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Figure 2. Geophysical measurement in the Turtmann Glacier Forefield performed for the BIMODAL Project and rock glacier Morenas Coloradas, Mendoza, Argentina investigated in the PermArg Project.
PhD student Ka¬roline Messenzehl, supervised by Richard Dikau (University of Bonn) focuses on major controls on rock slope instability and talus slope evolution in the hanging valleys of the Turtmann Valley affected by glacier retreat and permafrost degradation. The multidisciplinary investigations on coupled rockwall-talus-systems, performed in cooperation with Daniel Draebing (Bonn, TU Munich) during the 2014 field campaign, were honoured with the Outstanding Poster Award 2015 of the European Geoscience Union. In summer 2015, the third field season of the PhD project "Rock slope instability in alpine geomorphic systems, Switzerland" comprised extensive geotechnical rockwall surveys as well as mapping of rockfall blocks along corresponding talus slopes in three hanging valleys. Additionally, first data of more than 25 rock temperature iButtons, financed by a PhD Research Grant of the British Society for Geomorphology, were read out. The data will provide valuable insights into near-surface rock temperature fluctuations during the last year. Besides the local-scale field surveys, a regional-scale modelling study on the relative role of permafrost degradation, paraglacial bedrock reaction and rock mechanical factors for rockfall initiation have been recently published by Messenzehl et al. in the journal Geomorphology.
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At the end of August, the working group of Richard Dikau also organised the 3rd geomorphological workshop "Turtmann-Talks". During field trips into the Turtmann Valley and into the Val d'Annivier, members of the working group of Stuart Lane (University of Lausanne), as well as Bachelor and PhD-students of Richard Dikau, came together to discuss about geomorphic and cryospheric topics including rock slope instabilities, glacier retreat and solifluction processes.
In the Research Group Geomorphology and Environmental systems (Prof. Lothar Schrott, Bonn) a new DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) funded project on "Rock glacier permafrost in the Central Andes of Argentina (PermArg)" has been started in November 2015. The project focuses on the spatial distribution, the ice content and hydrological significance of rock glaciers in the semi-arid to arid Argentinian Andes (30-33°S). We will use a combination of field geophysics (electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), refraction seismic tomography (RST), ground penetrating radar (GPR)) and four phase modeling to estimate the volumetric ice contents of the active layer and the permafrost bodies in rock glaciers. Local investigations in the "Morenas Coloradas" and the "Agua Negra" basins will be complemented by direct observations of sediment properties, thermal monitoring, and field based mapping. Regional controls of the rock glacier distribution will be investigated by compiling and analyzing a remote sensing/GIS based inventory that further serves as basis for a first order quantification of the water storage capacities of rock glaciers based on empirical field data. The first field work campaign will be conducted in February and March 2016. The three-year project will be carried out by Lothar Schrott's working group and includes the project-integrated PhD-thesis of Christian Halla as well as several national and international cooperations, among others Dario Trombotto (IANIGLA, Mendoza, Argentina), Christian Hauck and Christin Hilbich (University of Fribourg, Switzerland).
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University of Cologne
Continuing our efforts to understand carbon dynamics in Siberian permafrost soils, the Organic Geochemistry and Radiocarbon group at the University of Cologne (Institute of Geology and Mineralogy) also joined the 2015 Lena Expedition to Samoylov Island. The group, headed by Janet Rethemeyer, focuses on the elucidation of organic carbon quality, microbial feedbacks, and organo-mineral interactions as revealed by the radiocarbon signature of microbial and vascular plant lipids, pore-water dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC), carbon dioxide, and soil density fractions. This year, we aimed at sampling soil and pore-water DOC and POC on Samoylov and Kurungnakh with a seasonal resolution. Senior researcher Stephanie Kusch obtained samples at the beginning of the season in June, when the Lena River ice broke and permafrost began to thaw, while master student Jannik Martens performed sampling during the last campaign of the season in August, when permafrost had thawed to its maximum depth. Furthermore, we sampled Lena River POC to analyze microbial lipids exported from permafrost into the Lena River. Here we closely collaborate with Gesine Mollenhauer's group at AWI Bremerhaven to integrate our knowledge of carbon cycling in the Lena Delta, the Lena River, and the Laptev Sea. After arrival of the permafrost cores drilled on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island in 2014, our group and Gesine Mollenhauer's group at AWI Bremerhaven are now also collaborating to analyze plant-derived, bacterial, and archaeal lipid biomarkers in these deposits to obtain paleoenvironmental information dating back to the Eemian. Postdoctoral researcher Silke Höfle and Jannik Martens will analyze the samples from Samoylov, Kurungnakh, and Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island to complement our work within the German-Russian research project "CarboPerm" funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
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University of Giessen
Lorenz King (Justus Liebig university, Giessen) continued his rock temperature measurements in permafrost drill holes at Matterhorn glacier paradise (3820 m a.s.l.) in cooperation with Bergbahnen Zermatt. Ina Keggenhoff finished her PhD thesis on "Temperature Extremes over Georgia: Changes, Patterns and Driving Forces" in the Caucasus mountains (published online)."
University of Heidelberg
Since April 2015 the Heidelberg University (Bernhard Höfle and Inga Beck) and the Alfred-Wegener Institute (Julia Boike) are working together for the PermaSAR project, a project funded by the German Space Agency and the German Ministry of Economics. The idea of the project is a multi-source approach (TanDEM-X data, LiDAR data, ground truth data) in order to detect vertical movement in a Canadian permafrost region. As test site serves Trail Valley Creek, a watershed 50 km North of Inuvik, in the North-Western Territories. This site is operated by our Canadian partners, Phil Marsh, Aron Berg and Jennifer Baltzer. Already this year 2 campaigns in the test site have been conducted in cooperation with them: One in early June and one in late August. Subsidence stations and ground temperature loggers have been installed and the high-performance terrestrial LiDAR system Riegl VZ-400 and a Leica GNSS RTK GS10/GS15 system have been used to measure the microtopography and potential movements of the ground.
University of Hamburg
The CARBOPERM project funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and coordinated by the Universität Hamburg and AWI Potsdam intensively continued the multidisciplinary studies running between 2013 and 2016. In spring more than 60 scientists met in Hamburg to discuss the results of the first year of active investigations as well as to coordinate joint laboratory work and to prepare for next field expeditions. The early season field program focused on pre-site surveys of thermokarst basins in the central Lena River Delta. Colleagues from AWI Potsdam and Univ. Potsdam used a GPR system to detect sediment distribution in thaw lakes and on alluvial slopes of river branches. Furthermore it has helped defining talik occurrence below water bodies and localizing future coring sites. Using the GPR data two coring sites in the Tumatskaya Channel were selected. Drilling provided cores of a total length of 43 m of high quality material for investigations of both, the permanently frozen sediments as well as the unfrozen layers. Core analysis is shared between the Permafrost Institute Yakutsk and Univ. Hamburg. In summer several expeditions lead CARBOPERM scientists (Univ. Hamburg, Univ. Cologne, AWI Bremerhaven, Max Planck Institute Jena) to the Lena River Delta and to Cherskiy and for further description of the landscapes, additional sampling and maintenance of running systems for data collection. In Cherskiy the investigations of the effect of drainage on greenhouse gases and the global warming potential were continued. On Samoylov Island a winter flux dataset was collected for further detailed analyses from the eddy tower on the annually flooded plains. Climate data collections show that over the last 50 years both sites got warmer by ca. 2 °C with increasing temperature differences over the past decade. With the new available data future projections of the pan-Arctic permafrost soils' physical state including snow depth, temperature profiles, active-layer thickness and hydrology can be modelled. Furthermore, ecosystem carbon dynamics as well as climate-carbon cycle feedback mechanisms due to permafrost dynamics can be modelled using a combination of models (JSBACH, CBALANCE, HAMOCC, MPIOM, OASIS3 and ECHAM6). In the frame of the CARBOPERM project a workshop was held in Gülpe (near Rathenow, E Germany) in late autumn, where 16 students from Germany and Russia met to autonomously discuss their scientific topics. Next to presenting their results they considered the potential of innovative cooperative efforts. Their outcomes will be considered in discussions of future project designs.
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University of Leipzig
During the third year of the Postdoc project "Short and long-term thermokarst dynamics due to climate changes and human impacts in Central Yakutia, Siberia" (DFG UL426/1-1) lead by Mathias Ulrich (University of Leipzig, Institute for Geography) two field campaigns were conducted at our thermokarst key sites in the Lena-Aldan-Amga region east of Yakutsk. In March 2015, a drilling campaign was jointly organized together with Russian scientist from the Melnikov Permafrost Institute and under the leadership of the ERC project PETA-CARB (Rapid Permafrost Thaw in a Warming Arctic and Impacts on the Soil Organic Carbon Pool) led by G. Grosse to drill four 20m permafrost cores in thermokarst lakes as well as alas and Yedoma deposits and to install temperature and environmental dataloggers. During a second short campaign in July 2015, the field work included bathymetrical measurements of thermokarst and alas lakes, geodetic measurements of alas topography as well as readout of environmental dataloggers.
As an activity of the IPA Action Group "Permafrost and Culture (PaC)", Mathias Ulrich and J. Otto Habeck (University of Hamburg, Institute for Social Anthropology) together with the Melnikov Permafrost Institute (Alexander N. Fedorov) and the Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone (Roman V. Desyatkin) in Yakutsk, organized a five-days workshop from 20 to 24 July 2015 in the city of Yakutsk as a forum for intensive interdisciplinary debate among social and natural scientists about human-nature interaction in the Central Yakutian thermokarst landscapes. Two days of which were spent on a field trip to several alas sites and local communities east of the River Lena.
Senckenberg Research Station and Institute
In the frame of the DFG funded project TUNDRA-STEPPE, going on the second year in cooperation of the Senckenberg Research Station of Quaternary Palaeontology Weimar (F. Kienast) and the Senckenberg Natural History Museum Görlitz (K. Wesche), another field campaign to Yakutia (Sakha Republic, Russian Federation) was conducted together with partners from the Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone in Yakutsk (E. Troeva). After last year's expedition into the Yana Highlands, where Permafrost outcrops close to Batagai and at the Adycha River were studied, the 2015 expedition involved works in Central and Northeast Yakutia (the lower course of Kolyma River). As crucial part of the expeditions in 2014 and 2015, modern vegetation was recorded in the transition zone from northern taiga to tundra (Cherskii to Pokhodsk area) as well as in relict steppes in the continental part of Northern (Verkhoyansk) and Central Yakutia (Yakutsk, Buotama). The studies aimed at gradients along transects from South to North and from the continental interior part of Yakutia to the more maritime coastal lowlands as well as at the response of vegetation on grazing by large herbivores in different intensities. For that, vegetation surveys in the Pleistocene Park (lower Kolyma, coastal lowlands) operated by the Northeast Science Station Cherskii (N. Zimov) and in a so-called Bisonarium at the Buotama River (Central Yakutia, interior part) were compared with natural or less intensely grazed vegetation in the Pokhodsk tundra area and in Central Yakutia. Special focus was given to vegetation grazed by (Pleistocene) keystone herbivores such as bison. To reconstruct changes of ancient vegetation in Northern Yakutia in the course of the late Quaternary, sediment samples from continuous permafrost sequences in Batagai and Duvanny Yar were taken for palaeobotanical studies. Two PhD candidates are involved in this project: Kseniia Ashastina, who made her Master of Science for Applied Polar and Marine Sciences in the frame of the joint Russian-German POMOR Master Program (Universities of St.Petersburg and Hamburg) and Jennifer Reinecke (M.Sc. In Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Potsdam) who covers the part of modern vegetation studies. The scientific processing of the sediment samples is carried out in close cooperation with partners from the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam (sedimentology, L. Schirrmeister, B. Diekmann) and from the Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography at the Centre of Cenozoic Geochronology (RAS SB) Novosibirsk (pollen, N. Rudaya).
Figure 3. ERT measurements across and LiDAR measurements in ice-filled crevasses in rock slopes above the Lyngenfjord as part of the starting Cryowall Project (Norway, Photos: M. Krautblatter, TUM).
Technical University of Munich
Researchers at the chair of landslide research (Prof. M. Krautblatter, https://www.landslides.geo.tum.de/news/) performed research on unstable permafrost rock slopes in the laboratory and in the Alps and in Norway. The German-Swiss ISPR-Project (Influences of snow cover on thermal and mechanical processes in steep permafrost rock walls, D-A-CH, SNF/DFG) in cooperation with Dr. M. Phillips (SLF) went into its final year and the synoptic outcome was condensed into two synoptic publications on snow influence on permafrost rocks which are presently in review. In July the Norwegian Project "CryoWall – Permafrost rock walls in Norway" started where the TUM is involved as CO-PI and Michael Krautblatter and Benjamin Jacobs, the new TUM-based PhD student, performed field work in permafrost-affected rock slopes above the Lyngenfjord in Norther Norway (http://www.mn.uio.no/geo/english/research/projects/cryowall/). In Novemeber a new project started on "Real time monitoring of fracture initiation in natural stones induced by environmental stresses (StoneMon)." PhD candidate Philip Mamot continued working on mechanical components of permafrost rock wall destabilisation at the Zugspitze. PhD candidate Markus Keuschnig is about to finish his PhD on Temperature related destabilization of alpine rock walls at the Kitzsteinhorn and submitted a paper on continuous ERT-measurements to record changes in rockwall stability relevant for cable car infrastructure. The TUM landslides group contributed to recent papers in which we compare paraglacial rock weathering rates on Earth with paracratering rates on Mars (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015JE004915), develop a model to quantify rock fatigue after repeated freeze-thaw cycles (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1857), use ERT to validate permafrost models in the Mont-Blanc-Region (http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003351), challenge the predictability of rockfalls (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0605-2) and in a recent book chapter we tried to find a way to combine the mechanical understanding of glacier- and permafrost-related slope instabilities (http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107588653.009).
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University of Würzburg
The investigation of the three-dimensional internal structure and characteristics of different periglacial permafrost-affected landforms has been continued. The research approach is based on the assessment of heterogeneities in surface and subsurface parameters and to correlate these with subsurface hydrological conditions and geomorphic process dynamics. A further borehole was drilled and instrumented with temperature loggers. Adrian Emmert has continued his Phd within the framework of this project.
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Report prepared by Michael Krautblatter (email@example.com)


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Excessive Devilish Repetitive Lyrics
Well-known modern songs these days are known for something – they're catchy, it's about the deejay, dancing on the dance floor while shaking your booty…
… and most significantly, today's topic, is the excessive repetitive lyrics.
It's as though as the song is distorted, a smooth distortion of course. Let me give you a few good examples…
The monster fame Lady Gaga and Poker Face. Tell me what phrase you remember about the song. Definitely only the "P-p-p-poker face" phrase and nothing else.
Rihanna with Love The Way You Lie. Yes, nothing else but standing there burning and loving the way you lie. Eminem's rapping is nothing but noise.
All-time favourite Black Eyed Peas' I Gotta Feeling. It's only about a good night and feeling – keeps repeating throughout the song.
Lady Gaga again with Alejandro. Ale-ale-alejandro. Alejandro.
Baby by Justin Bieber. Its repetitiveness is so excessive that even 3 year old kids can miraculously sing this song.
And our last victim…
Jennifer Lopez with her latest hit On The Floor. Everything is on the floor, hit your head on the floor. Tear up the floor? I think she has a floor fetish.
Know what, Jennifer used to sing good songs – but now it's all just following the trend. I'm not sure about the previous Lopez, but I think she's currently trying too hard to be sexy and seductive.
In the photo above, she looks like an human-evolving amphibian which has just landed on the beach. She sucked at being an American Idol judge, IMHO.
Anyway, with all these clubbing-related with excessive repeating lyrics – what have happened to artists and singers who sing melodious music about a decade ago? Boyzone is dead. Spice girls are burnt. Celine Dion is missing on Titanic, maybe. Westlife has no more life.
Even my childhood favourite Backstreet Boys (famous for emo love songs) tried to keep up with the trend with "Don't Turn Out the Lights". It's a collaboration with also falling band, New Kids on the Block, but it's a still flop. No chicks go crazy over them anymore.
So NKOTBSB (get it?).
I once read about the factor behind this rampant repetitive phrases in songs. It's believed that they seek a career blessing from the devil, or Satan. In return, repeating phrases in the songs are actually chants to worship them. wtf?
Not that I believe it but… what else would explain this phenomenon? Some say it's easier to get fans addicted because it's easy to be remembered. Songs from the Black Eyed Peas are the easiest to remember because their vocabulary is limited. Really.
Anyway, when I was a little boy – the songs I was exposed to were pretty much nursery rhymes. Twinkle twinkle little star, Baa Baa black sheep, Jack & Jill went up the hill, Three blind mice – to name some.
Even kids nowadays are totally exposed to hardcore punky songs.
Know what, if the kids these days are still listening to the classic nursery rhymes, what do you think would happen…?
Begin with a fairytale about Humpty Dumpty sitting on the wall, while reading a book on Rapping. The traditional ending would be a great fall (the end), but with the modern collaboration…
The Humpty Dumpty song would probably be a rap song with repetitive phrases about the fat egg itself. He'll never have a great fall because the devil is protecting him.
Or maybe Humpty will safely jump off the wall and starts humping around. He's after all HUMPty – I just realized. Hmm… interesting.

subset: commoncrawl


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The following procedure shows you how to search for a package in Mobile Device Manager (MDM) Software Distribution Console. After you locate the package, you can view the revision history of the package, approve or decline the package, or request a status report that shows the properties of the package.
To search for a package
In the navigation pane, right-click Packagesand then select Search.
In the Searchdialog box, select the Packagestab, and then type the search criteria in the Textbox. The search includes the title or description of the package.
Choose Find Now.
In the Package Titlesection, a list appears with the results of the package search.
If you want to approve, decline, or view the properties of one or more packages, in your search results, select the package(s) and then right-click the selection. You can approve, decline, or get a status report of the selected packages. If you select only one package, you can view the revision history of that package. Or, you can double-click a package in the list to obtain a status report that shows the properties for that package.


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From Vlora to Albania - a journey toward success
Arteg was established in 2001 in Vlora, South Albania. The entrepreneurs saw big opportunities in small and big kitchen appliances. Arteg is a story of success which started with one store and 32 kitchen products. Today counts many distribution stores and more than 7000 different products. In just ten years, our clients grew up in numbers surpassing Vlora and reaching every corner of Albania. Arteg invites everyone to share every moment in life with simplicity and comfort.


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If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed.
Dong Tao chickens, better known as "Dragon Chickens" are native to Dong Tao Commune in Khoai Chau District. This is a special kind of chicken that looks horribly deformed but they are among the world's most expensive poultry as their huge thighs are a delicacy in Vietnam.
It is very difficult to breed this rare species because they are extremely sensitive to changes of temperature and weather and tend to lay fewer eggs than common chickens. Their huge legs and feet also make the hatching process more difficult, so more attention is needed from farmers to produce chicks.


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The Inertia X Frame is the world's lightest, most compact, and most technically advanced camping pad. Designed with body mapping technology it gives you support and comfort where you need it and not where you don't. Rolls up to the size of a soda can, and takes only a few breaths to inflate. Built with ripstop 30d top and coated 75d bottom, the Inertia X Frame is also one of the toughest pads on the market with a burst pressure of over 10 psi. Pockets allow sleeping bag bottom fill to loft and improve insulation. Includes dry air pump, stuff sack, and patch kit.
- Dimensions: 72" x 18" x 1.5"
- Packed Size: 3" x 6"
- Type: Air
- Weight: 9.1 oz.
|Order Multiple


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"For those of you who are authors or thinking about becoming an author [Chanticleer Book Reviews] has some marvelous tips... If you haven't heard of Chanticleer, check out their website. Kiffer Brown and her crew have some great articles, career-boosting contests, and other wonderful opportunities for authors. Many thanks to Chanticleer for the help they've given my career as a fiction author!" --Ann Charles, author of "An Ex to Grind in Deadwood" and Chanticleer's 2014 Paranormal Grand Prize Winner.
"Since winning this category, I've had all book covers changed to include that I'm an Award-Winning Author and am very proud of the recognition the Chanticleer Paranormal contest has given me. It carries weight with readers to have that CBR blue ribbon for a book you're asking them to buy. I'm grateful I entered the contest and especially happy that someone liked my book this much."
"...wonderful review of "Raggedy Man." I am honored--and also impressed by your reviewer's close reading of the story. She clearly has read the book carefully, which only makes the review more meaningful. I am also grateful for the exposure to the book among such a wide audience and for the posting of the its title and your review to so many media sites. Thanks so much!"


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|This page needs to be fixed up.
Note to tagger: If possible, please include a more specific parameter to help categorise just what about the article needs to be fixed.Please rewrite or improve this article so that it is higher quality. This may include making spelling, grammar, or punctuation corrections, reorganising the content, or deleting bad content and clichés.
(Peer review is available here) If this page is not fixed in 30 days, it may become a candidate for deletion.
For the other type of wind, see fart.
Wind is a rather curious thing, it origins from the slightest of movements, yes your very breathing may be causing the next tornado! Yes You!
Wind was first discovered by Albert Einstein in 1880 (when he was one year old). He discovered it when his mom's house was being blown away by a giant terrorist fan. This fan blew away their house, and it blew it into Chicago. This is why Chicago is called the Windy City.
It is believed that wind was discovered even earlier, but those people believe that UFO's don't exist. So, don't trust their nips.
Em. It was 1956 when the evil spirits began to take over Iceland(it's not like anyone liked that clickbait of a country.)
Martial Arts[edit]
Wind is a type of Martial arts technique which focus's on using the ass as ones main weapon, Wind is short for the official name of the Technique which is Wind Tai-Ash, it is becoming a very popular form of martial arts, specifically within Italy and Brazil, the history of "Wind" is long and very boring, but one must read all eighty nine thousand, two hundred seventy six tomes written by previous Wind Warriors if they wish to become a full fledged Wind Warrior themselves. Wind was founded in 260 BC during the Reign of the Hue-Jass balls Dynasty which sucked on China, while the true founder of Wind is still debated over, many believe it to have been Budda himself who founded Wind Tai-Ash, as he was notorius for sitting on his ass all day.If one is to believe Budda founded Wind, then this would explain why Budda was able to walk with his Ass Cheeks alone, which is why he always appears to be sitting, for he concetrated all his power and Wind on his ass, giving him a enlightment that would allow him to found Buddhism.
After Budda ascended to the Heaven of Asses, Wind became a qausi-assassin guild working for the Chinese Rulers, these Wind Warrior took out Dissenters against the Wind thrown, using the mighty power of their ass to take out these Enemies to the state.
It is a widely held belief that wind is a man made. Supporters of this theory believe that Al Roker used a time machine to arrive at the biblical ages, at which point he clapped his ass cheeks together resulting in a Bobrossian pseudosonic boom, which ever since has caused the blowing sensation we've all come to know, buy, and sell. Windbottling has since become a $25 billion dollar a year industry.
War with Ninjas[edit]
As China and Japan became fierce rivals so did their two para-military organizations, the Wind Warriors of China and the Ninjas of Japan.Recruits from across china were brought into the Wind Ranks, trained in the way of the ass, they were taught numerous techniques such as The Silent Ass Attack or the "Ass Skull-Cruncher", to a Wind Warrior his ass was his weapon, they had no need for girly Ninja Stars or even Swords for that matter, a Man's ass was his greatest weapon and so did they teach the Ninjas this during the Great War.
Three years saw rough Warrior on Ninja action......errr...that is Wind Warriors killing Ninjas, and Ninjas killing Wind Warriors, the war was in the favour of the Warriors as always, and the Girly Ninja's ran back to their fort city known as Tokyo where they invented the first japanese gameshows to confuse the Wind Warriors, but they had forgotten the Wind Warriors were chinese, not silly americans who would not understand such things, what happened after that is known in infamy as the Night of a Thousand Asses where the Wind Warriors broke into Tokyo and ripped off the ass of every ninja they could find, this was seen as a mark of shame to lose ones ass within Wind Warrior culture, the Ninja's surrendered immidately, and they searched for another enemy to rival, which would one day be the great Pirates(Since everyone knows pirates are better, unless your a gay ninja who will probably delete this)


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Event box
CRDDS Consulting Hours
The Center for Research Data and Digital Scholarship is sponsoring open, free consulting hours to help you with your needs. We are happy to assist with questions related to being able to use resources more effectively. Center for Research Data and Digital Scholarship (CRDDS) staff are on hand to answer questions related to scientific and data visualization workflows, preparation, and post processing. No problem is too big or too small. Consults are open to all - from undergrad to faculty and beyond.
- Date:
- Wednesday, December 11, 2019
- Time:
- 11:00am - 1:00pm
- Location:
- Categories:


text: Home > Business Globe blames Sun system glitch for interconnection problems ABS-CBN News Posted at Aug 09 2012 05:37 PM | Updated as of Aug 10 2012 01:37 AM Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MANILA, Philippines - Globe Telecom, the second largest telecommunications company in the country, said its subscribers are having difficulty connecting to subscribers of rival Sun Cellular due to a glitch in the latter's system. In a statement, the company said Globe and TM subscribers may have been encountering problems making and receiving voice calls, as well as sending and receiving text messages from Sun subscribers. "Initial investigation shows a glitch in the interconnection facility of the Cellular Mobile Telephone System of Sun Cellular. Globe and Sun engineers working to restore the Sun-Globe interconnect to its normal level," Globe said, in a statement. Globe, owned by Ayala Corp. and Singapore Telecommunications Ltd., is re-routing voice call traffic with Sun Cellular to an alternate facility to help connect calls to and from Sun subscribers. "We ask for your patience as we work with Sun Cellular to expedite full service restoration," the company said. Sun Cellular is operated by Digitel Telecommunications Philippines Inc., which was acquired by Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co. last year. PLDT also owns Smart Communications, the country's biggest mobile phone company. Smart and Talk 'N Txt have around 50 million subscribers, while Sun Cellular has around 15 million subscribers. Globe, on the other hand, had 31.7 million subscribers as of end June. Share Facebook Share on Twitter LinkedIn Business,Top Stories,sun cellular,Globe telecom Read More: sun cellular Globe telecom


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Making Your Life Easier with Wireless Internet
It is not easy to give an answer when someone asks "How does wireless internet work?" Though the precursor to WiFi was invented in 1991, many people still have difficulty understanding the concept. It seems that wireless internet is easier to use than to explain. The technology was originally only of interest for those within the computer industry, but has spread to be used by a variety of consumer electronics as well as computers. There are many internet options available for home users, with far greater speeds than ever before.
It can be pricey to get a high speed connection for your home. Broadband, cable, and dial up connections all have costs associated with them.There is an increasing demand for free wireless internet connections, but it is key to learn how the connection works. Is it really free? How does wireless internet work?
Wireless internet is easy enough for anyone to understand if they take the time to examine the technology. Wireless internet is frequently known as WiFi, which stands for Wireless Fidelity.The concept is similar to the way in which a radio works. Antennas are placed strategically and broadcast an electromagnetic wave, which is constantly broadcast to a specific area.As the signal is constantly present, users can log into it whenever they need to. You can use your computer or handheld device to connect to the wave and access the internet from your present location. Knowing how does wireless internet work, let's see how it is present in your daily life.
Wireless Internet in Your Daily Life
If you want to access a wireless internet connection from your home, you will need a computer that is equipped with a receiver. Beginning in 2006, almost all laptops and computers now come with a wireless card as standard equipment, as do many cell phones and handheld devices. However, if you have an older device or one without a built in card, you can still purchase one to use. Keep in mind that as technology progresses it will become more difficult to acquire one of these devices. To legally use a wireless internet connection at home you will have to subscribe to a service provider. As the demand rises and more people take this option, the prices have been reducing.
How Does Wireless Internet Work While Traveling?
Many libraries, cafes, and even fast food restaurants now offer wireless hotspots. Some are free, some can be used with a purchase, and some have a small cost. In most of these places, you should be able to turn on your devices and connect easily. However, connections can become interrupted or overloaded. There are also things that can interfere with a signal, just as with our radio example.
Wireless Internet While Abroad
Check ahead if you are going to be traveling abroad and you may be able to find wireless internet connections.However, if you're travelling to a remote destination there may be no way to access the internet. Despite the sales pitch, your internet connection may not be available in every location.
Once you understand the answer to "how does wireless internet work" you can begin to think about "Will this technology be right for me?"


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Jet boy
Action Math Games 10 Apr , 2018 0
This is a super fun mental challenging game, you need to send the jetpack to its save final destination with few movement without falling in the forbidding red area or hitting any object on the way.\
Use the keyboard arrows or WASD to move. Press UP or W to jump. press twice to use the jetpack to fly. once you run out of fuel, land on the safe ground to recharge and jump again.


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mp3 download sites
With the debut of the iPod and other mp3 players downloading music on the internet is now the wave of the future. There are a few things you should know about using online vendors for your music. First of all, there are free websites and paid sites. Read this article to determine the ideal place to buy and download music online.
The most important reason is that many often the free download sites are putting those songs on the internet for folks to get. This is prohibited because they don't have the rights to give away the songs. Another reason to be sure you purchase your music is since the free sites frequently have a virus attached to their documents. This is only because they do not have enough security. If you receive a virus or spyware onto your PC, it might wind up costing you a whole lot more than it would download tunes from a site you paid for.
Your best bet will be to look for the most reliable and legal website available. There are hundreds of authorized sites, but some aren't as high in quality as the others are. The ideal place to purchase and download music online is called MP3 Download Web. The price is fair, and they provide millions and millions of downloads. You'll be sure that you could find what you're searching for Click here.


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Welcome to the Bucksweep.com Message Forum.
4 Weeks Ago
This forum can be used to work out the bugs of the new forum or ask technical computer questions related to the forum.
There are currently 98 users online. 0 members and 98 guests
Most users ever online was 1,330, 01-11-2020 at 06:43 PM.
Welcome to our newest member, cwaltsmith


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At Gourmet Catering Nelson we work with many local businesses… Here are a few recommendations of other service providers you may find useful when planning your next event.
|A fabulous Nelson based wedding photographer
specialising in creative & sophisticated
portrait photography.
|Veronica believes that every wedding ceremony and civil union is special and unique. She will ensure all your wishes are met and that the ceremony truly reflects your relationship, your personality and the reasons you are making your commitment to each other.
|Nestled in seven acres of beautiful woodlands and gardens, Fairfield House is one of Nelson's most prestigious historic homes. This unique heritage building is available for hire as the perfect venue for any occasion.
|An attractive wooden heritage building built over the sea on the picturesque Nelson Haven.
|A stunning location...The bar, restaurant, and lower meeting room are ideally suited for events, conferences, staff functions and all types of social occasions.


text: Product Description With Rust-Oleum Stone textured spray paint you can create the natural look and texture of real stone with ease. Adhesive formula provides a long-lasting decorative finish. Apply to most surfaces including wood, metal, plaster, clay and unglazed ceramic.Application - Shake can vigorously for 2-3 minutes and continue to shake regularly during use. Hold can 30cm from surface and spray in a steady back and forth motion, slightly overlapping with each stroke. For best results whilst spraying keep the can the same distance from the surface and keep the can in motion. The stone finish will vary depending on how far away you spray. Do not try to achieve total coverage in one coat. Apply one light coat first. Wait 15 minutes until the paint starts to set, then apply a second coat. If additional coats are needed allow 15 minutes between each coat.Coverage - This can covers approximately 2m2 dependent upon surface profile / porosity.Drying Time - Touch dry in 6 hours. Hard dry 24 hours. Faux stone finish Excellent coverage, hiding and colour retention Range of four finishes available For interior use only


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Military Veterans to Get Training for Civilian Tech Jobs
First lady Michelle Obama will unveil Monday a public-private program to help military veterans with information technology experience to get the certifications and additional training they need to succeed in the civilian IT world.
The IT Training and Certification Partnership will help up to 161,000 returning early-to-mid-career military veterans qualify for a dozen civilian technology positions, including computer programming, quality assurance and information security, according to the White House. The Obama administration estimates there will be 1.8 million openings in the targeted fields through the end of the decade. It also believes the jobs will provide an average salary of more than $81,000.
Members of the military serving in a technology role often have the same or nearly the same level of training and skill as their civilian counterparts, but often lack the certifications required of job applicants in the civilian world. The program will also offer returning military members the chance to identify and fill any gaps in their training required for employment in civilian positions.
Obama will announce the program at a White House event Monday morning. The first lady has spearheaded for two years Joining Forces, a wide-reaching program designed to help returning veterans find employment in the civilian world. There are approximately 800,000 unemployed veterans in the United States.
Cisco, Microsoft, Oracle and other top technology companies are involved in the partnership. Cisco has identified civilian career paths that match well with the skills acquired by working in specific military positions, Microsoft is donating certification exam vouchers and underwriting the cost of Microsoft-specific training programs and Oracle is assisting with training in Database Design, SQL, and Java-related skills. Several of the companies involved will also be encouraging their business partners to hire veterans.
How can military veterans with technology experience best adapt to the civilian IT world? Share your thoughts in the comments.
Image via Justin Sullivan/Getty Images


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Top quality lightweight rear cassette hub with 9T driver and 6 big pawls located in the body (Q-Lite system). With female Cr-Mo axle and hollow Cr-Mo bolts included. Razor v.2 will have threaded cone from the driving side to better protect bearings inside the driver when tightening the bolts. We also changed the distance between bearings in hub shell.
RAZOR v.2
RAZOR v.2
Hub-shell: alu 6061-T6.
Axle: female Cr-Mo 4130, heat-treated (accepts 8mm hex head).
Bolts: hollow Cr-Mo 3/8"x24T, heat-treated (17mm wrench or 8mm Allen key).
Optional Bolts: solid Cr-Mo 3/8"x24T, heat-treated (recommended for use with pegs).
Cones: alu 7075 (threaded from the driving side).
Bearings: 5 precision sealed bearings (x3 in driver, x2 in hub shell).
RHD hub.
Pawls: 6 pawls design with 6 individual, double springs (Q-lite).
Engagement points: 30.
Size: 110x14mm
Holes: 36H.
Weight: 423g (Cr-Mo axle), 351g (alu axle).
DartBMX catalog - including all products descriptions and photos, specs and geometry tables.


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Apr.26 (GMM) F1 has entered an "important week", according to Mercedes team boss Toto Wolff.
And he is not just talking about this weekend's Russian grand prix, the fourth round of the 2016 world championship.
Before the sport's major figures head to the resort city of Sochi for the Vladimir Putin-championed race, the F1 Strategy Group will get together at Biggin Hill, the Bernie Ecclestone-owned airport south of London.
The meeting is just a few days before the end-of-April deadline for the radical regulations changes of 2017.
Wolff is urging his F1 colleagues to consider scrapping the plans for faster cars.
"We have an important week ahead for the sport," he said in an official Mercedes preview for the Russian grand prix.
"After three grand prix weekends so far in 2016, we have seen that performance between the teams is converging to create great racing. Whether we have the reactivity as a group to recognise that and consider retaining a regulatory framework that is working well remains to be seen," added Wolff.
Red Bull's Dr Helmut Marko, a proponent for change, has called Wolff's stance "paranoia" due to Mercedes' current position of dominance.
It is widely believed, however, that any move for a last-minute u-turn has come too late, especially given the way the voting processes of the Strategy Group and F1 Commission work.
"Is it really a democracy if one veto can cancel everything?" championship leader Nico Rosberg wondered as he spoke to Germany's Welt am Sonntag newspaper.
"Imagine, 27 men with 27 different interests at a table, with any one voice able to stop everything. It's just not practicable," he added.
Amid the political turmoil, the latest rumours are that the major manufacturers are plotting against F1 supremo Bernie Ecclestone.
Germany's specialist Auto Bild claims that Ferrari president Sergio Marchionne's plan is for the 85-year-old to be replaced by a three-pronged group, featuring key legal and marketing representatives.
And a third figure would represent the sporting side, with Auto Bild saying GPDA president Alex Wurz, F1 veteran David Coulthard and Niki Lauda have all been mentioned as candidates, with the latter even prepared to give up his Mercedes roles.


text: We will be having a summer break from 14th July until the 1st September, and members of the Thursday group who are not also members of the Monday group are very welcome to come to the Monday sessions (9:30 to 10:30) during the summer break. New members for the Thursday group are actively sought, so do please contact me if you would like to know more about it. Anne Goldsmith.


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If your question is "why is there no posted on" date...I have the same question. Why do many if not most instructables lack a posted date anywhere that is remotely findable? The only way I've found to figure out the date on a lot of instructables is to check the comment dates.
Why is there no "posted on" date? Answered
Hey in my instructable Smart-Distance-Measuring-Tape-v2, I dont see the "posted on" date. I worked hard on this instructable and it din't get featured, so I commented on the clinic, where Ben Finio informed me about it. I think that may be a glitch and could be the reason why my instructable did not get featured.
Just because you worked hard on it doesn't mean it will get featured. Looking at your instructable the posted date is there on the right hand side in the 'About This Instructable' box. There are probably several reasons it hasn't been featured yet. Couple of possibilities are that the admins haven't seen it yet or they have seen it and didn't think it was worth featuring. Not every instructable gets featured.
There are several reasons why Featurable projects get missed, first and foremost being that the Community Team are only human, and need sleep.
Secondly, even if somebody is awake and online, there are a broad range of interests across the team; not every member has the same definition of "cool, I wish I'd made that" (the number 1 criterion for Featuring). For instance, personally, I rarely Feature recipes because I don't know enough about cooking to know if they are "right" or original.
Finally, speaking personally, I rarely feature "v2" projects - unless the improvements are major, it is my opinion (not site policy) that "v1" should be edited and updated to reflect improvements, then republished.
That's just my two penn'th. Other CT may have their own opinions about the second two paragraphs above.


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ISABEL DALHOUSIE - Book 3
Nothing captures the charm of Edinburgh like the bestselling Isabel Dalhousie series of novels featuring the insatiably curious philosopher and woman detective. Whether investigating a case or a problem of philosophy, the indefatigable Isabel Dalhousie, one of fiction's most richly developed amateur detectives, is always ready to pursue the answers to all of life's questions, large and small.
The delectable third installment in the bestselling and already beloved adventures of Isabel Dalhousie and her no-nonsense housekeeper, Grace.
When friends from Dallas arrive in Edinburgh and introduce Isabel to Tom Bruce – a bigwig at home in Texas – several confounding situations unfurl at once. Tom's young fiancée's roving eye leads Isabel to believe that money may be the root of her love for Tom. But what, Isabel wonders, is the root of the interest Tom begins to show for Isabel herself? And she can't forget about her niece, Cat, who's busy falling for a man whom Isabel suspects of being an incorrigible mama's boy. Of course Grace and Isabel's friend Jamie counsel Isabel to stay out of all of it, but there are irresistible philosophical issues at stake – when to tell the truth and when to keep one's mouth shut, to be precise – and philosophical issues are meat and drink to Isabel Dalhousie, editor of the Review of Applied Ethics. In any case, she's certain of the ethical basis for a little sleuthing now and again – especially when the problems involve matters of the heart.
Northshire Manchester
4869 Main Street
Manchester Center, VT 05255
ph. 802.362.2200
ph. (toll free) 800.437.3700
Daily 10am-6pm
Directions to Manchester
Northshire Saratoga
424 Broadway
Saratoga Springs, NY 12866
ph. 518.682.4200
ph. (toll free) 855.339.5990
Daily 10am-6pm
Directions to Saratoga Springs


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Source: Normal Distribution Graph, Public Domain: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Normal_Distribution.svg Bar graph created by Jonathan Osters
This tutorial is going to teach you how to construct and interpret bar graphs. Qualitative, which is categorical data, can be displayed visually in a bar graph. This is not the only way to display categorical data, but it's one way. And what it does is it compares the number of values in each category.
So suppose we have these courses in a college and these number of students in each course. What we do is we begin by drawing a horizontal axis and labeling the categories beneath it. We could also label it on the vertical axis and label the categories from top to bottom. But we have it set up this way. So we wrote economics, biology, chemistry, and visually separated them.
Then, we're going to create a vertical axis with frequency on it. The highest number that we have is 444. That's why I chose to have my frequencies go up to 500. Finally, you set up a bar that goes up to the number that corresponds to that category. So economics will have a bar that goes up to 321. It will peak out right about here. Biology will go all the way up to almost 450. The full bar graph looks like this.
We can also use relative frequency. Relative frequency shows how much of the whole this is. So for instance, biology has over 20% of the students, between 20% and 25% of the students. This is assuming that no student is in both biology and chemistry. This might not be true, in which case relative frequency might not be the way to go.
Notice that in the previous example with counts, and in this example with relative frequency, the shape and size of the bars didn't change. The only thing that changed was the vertical axis and what it was measuring.
Another example-- suppose that we have data in a table like this. We can create multiple bar graphs on the same set of axes and compare them by category. Suppose that this was the results of a sample of 100 students that I took. And I wanted to know about their work habits. I wanted to know if they were male or female, and whether they had a job, not at all, during summer only, or had a job all year long.
One way to display these in a bar graph would be to break it up by male and female and choose green to be males and yellow to be females. And break the horizontal axis into no job, summer only, and job all year. And create both bar graphs, side-by-side, within each category.
The males had 25 that had no job. The females had 28 that never had a job, and et cetera. Now that's one way to do it. The other way would be to flip-flop which category means colors and which category goes on the axis. I could put male and female on the axis and have the job status be the colors. In that case, it would look like this.
Both of these tell me some interesting things. This graph tells me that both males and females have a tendency mostly to have no job, then have a summer job, then have a job all year. That's true for both males and females. What this one tells me is that males are more likely than females to have a job all year and in summer, and a little bit less likely than females to never have had a job.
And so to recap. Bar graphs are a nice way to view the counts in a category for a qualitative data set. We can use frequencies or we can use relative frequencies, if there's no overlap between the categories. And we can show how each category relates to the others. We can also put multiple bar graphs on the same set of axes.
Good luck. And we'll see you next time.


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BRIC offers an ongoing series of courses for clients who want to improve their day-to-day English and maths in a supportive environment.
Maths Functional Skills Approx. 12 weeks
Struggling with numbers and want to improve your level of Maths? Learn how to do subtraction, work with money and use skills at like percentages and fractions. From Entry Level up to Level 2. Gain a nationally recognised qualification!
Sign up for our new term starting in Jan 2019
English Functional Skills Approx. 12 weeks
Need to improve your everyday English skills? Get support to help you with your reading, writing, spelling, and grammar. This course is ideal for building your confidence whilst gaining a nationally recognised qualification.
Sign up for our new term starting in Jan 2019
Basic English
If you'd like to do an English qualification, but just don't feel your skills are there yet – then get in touch! We have specialist support to help you develop your knowledge to help you on your journey to gaining qualifications.
Sign up for our new term starting in Jan 2019


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Monday, February 21, 2011
Happy President's Day
The Captain's Quarters Inn Still has a room open for the weekend. Bring your favorite suits for the 4th Annual Polar Plunge Benefits Special Olympics. $25 to Plunge, Free to watch. 10:30 AM at Colonial Park Saturday Feb 26th. Come in the water is fine. 252 482 4436. Also another fun thing to do is a visit to the Edenton National Fish Hatchery Exhibit and Aquarium. Which is part of the Charles Kuralt Trail. Located a few blocks from the Inn at 1104 W. Queen St 252 482 8945. Happy Birthday Mr. Washington.
Posted by Innkeepers at 11:14 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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In this webinar hosted by Local Search Association, Opus Research's Greg Sterling will offer an overview of the indoor location ecosystem, various technologies in use, indoor analytics and the way in which online-to-offline tracking will revolutionize ROI. He will also discuss the privacy implications of indoor location and potential adoption timelines.
Internet2Go is a news and advisory service provided by Opus Research.
For more information:
Pete Headrick
e | [email protected]
p | +1-415-904-7666


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Amber Rose Bra Size
Entrepreneur, model, musician, author and actress are all titles that apply to the beautiful, talented Amber Rose. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on October, 21 1983, Amber Levonchuck grew up in south Philly and started her entertainment career very early in her life. She attempted to get in to drug dealing to make some quick cash,


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Some conservatives have voiced their displeasure with the chanting of "Send her back" at last nights presidential rally/blowout. We're supposed to be like the Jews, Gypsies and Gay people in 1930's Germany and passively say nothing like voiceless sheep, while the DNC creates militant domestic violent terrorist front groups like Occupy and Antifa to keep the citizen in line.
I will settle for Omar being tried for tax and immigration fraud followed by the inevitable chant, "Lock her up!"
Excerpt from article written by Kurt Schlicter at townhall:
"Of course, the famously passive American people of the heartland would sit back and just accept all this hate and oppression . Or at least, the leftists probably assume we would. After all, they don't really know many Americans who aren't in college or living in Brooklyn or Scat Francisco. And they don't know any history, since American history is just a litany of racist oppression and injustice and stuff. Lexington? Isn't that a hip new neighborhood in Portland full of bands we probably never heard of? Concord? Isn't that a plane that causes global warming?"
How about we all break out in song: "I'm a racist, you're a racist, he's a racist, she's a racist….." (as sung to the tune of 'I'm a Pepper)".
What? Too soon?
We're supposed to sit back without objection and listen to the blaring sound of our daily verbal beat downs in the form of unending leftist media propaganda, while an innocent, unarmed, observing reporter/photographer gets an unsolicited and horribly bloody beat down. We are to remain further silent while the DNC lame stream media applauds the actions of the terrorist Antifa.
We are to be mute while the left advocates stealing your life savings to support ILLEGAL aliens. Suppose for a moment that we on the right advocated importing illegals to work so that they could be taxed to pay for Americans citizens FREE healthcare?
Hey Omar! Tough noogies.


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Still in the Image of God? The Ethical Challenge of Brain Damaged Persons
by Derrick L. Hassert, Ph.D.
James is a retired English professor who has recently suffered a left hemisphere stroke. Once extremely articulate, when James now attempts to speak the result is slow and labored, causing an apparent degree of distress readily evident in James's facial expression. Also apparent is the depression James now exhibits concerning his current situation. However, speech therapy and neuropsychological evaluations demonstrate that James is improving, albeit slowly. James is acutely aware of the difference between how he was and how he now exists and the recovery itself is filled with stress and emotional setback at every little failure. Hundreds of thousands of Americans suffer cerebral vascular accidents each year, with a variety of effects on the individual, ranging from minor changes in behavior to profound and long-lasting disabilities.
Mary is one of about 1.5 million people who suffered a traumatic brain injury last year. Six months prior to the accident in which she sustained her injuries Mary was a college senior ready to go on to graduate school. Now Mary's time is filled trying to relearn the names and faces of her friends as well as how to walk. The quality of her life will probably never be identical to what it once was.
The case of Christopher Reeve paints another picture of central nervous system damage. In this case, Mr. Reeve retained all of his normal cognitive functions while losing his ability to walk due to spinal cord damage sustained from a horse riding accident in 1995. Indeed, the damage to Christopher Reeve's spine prevented his breathing from being maintained by the lower portions of the brain responsible for this function—this descending control was blocked due to the injury. Mr. Reeve remained on respiratory life support until he died of heart failure in 2004.
Brain damage comes in many shapes and sizes and its effects vary widely. This state of affairs can produce profound ethical questions about the nature of personhood. After trauma, stroke, or disease is this human being still the same person they once were? Years ago, it is likely that the basic liberal humanist position would have been "Yes, of course—this is the same human being, having the same inherent worth and dignity as they did before the injury and they should be treated accordingly." However, many contemporary philosophers and bioethicists are now addressing this question, the question of personhood, in terms of interests, awareness and level of awareness, and the autobiographical abilities of the brain-damaged human. If one of these categories is found to be lacking to a certain degree, the designation of "person" might be stripped from the individual. This manner of thinking leads to other questions. How severe must the deficit be before the designation is taken away? What then are the legal rights of this "non-person?" The answers to such questions are as numerous as the individuals producing the philosophies that bring them about. Regardless, such discussions have entered into the modern discourse and societies are grappling with these issues.
Texts on clinical neuropsychology sometimes include a dedication of the volume to "the patients" based upon their cases providing evidence of the power of the "human spirit" to strive after triumph in the face of adversity.1 Not only do cases of brain damage and recovery show us the power of the human will and spirit, neuroanatomical research on recovery from brain damage has also revealed the remarkable resiliency of the human brain and its capacity to adapt in the face of trauma. This ability is usually referred to as "neuroplasticity." Knowledge of this concept is important in terms of making plans for neurological rehabilitation.
For recovery to occur, the person—and the nervous system of the person—needs to be challenged. The brain must be, in a very real sense, forced by environmental challenge to rewire itself. People may have to relearn names, faces, how to speak, how to walk, or even how to communicate using ways they had probably never imagined before the trauma. Brain damage and its effects exist on a continuum. Patients who have lingered in comas for several years have emerged unexpectedly, and nurses and physicians often comment that the continued presence and attempts at communication on the part of the family may have helped. Verbal and tactile stimulation were being provided constantly, even in apparently hopeless situations. While such examples are admittedly anecdotal, such efforts may have aided in the process of recovery. It is perhaps wise to lean towards optimism in these matters (although I know some may not agree). Better to provide the patient with environmental stimulation than to assume that no recovery is possible. Many patients with profound brain damage simply are "given up on" because they are given a diagnosis that places them in a hopeless category. A British study conducted at the Royal Hospital for Neurodisability found that of the patients given a diagnosis of being in a "persistent vegetative state" (most clearly defined by an inability to engage in intentional behavior), 43% were classified incorrectly as such, perhaps because not enough time had been spent with the patient to ascertain whether the patient could communicate.2 Of course, if only a short block of time is spent with a severely brain damaged patient and the clinician is unlucky enough to not observe any attempts at communication during that period, the patient will be left without rehabilitation due to their being considered a "lost cause." The dividing line between hope and hopelessness, between the classification of a persistent vegetative state and a state of minimal consciousness, is very slim indeed. Care should be taken before a final label is applied to the patient.
Why this lengthy segue into neuroplasticity and the importance of proper, careful diagnosis? The traditional Christian teaching concerning the nature of humanity rests in the assumption that mankind is created in the image of God, that there is inherent dignity in this creature that is valued above all other creatures. Classical western humanism embraced this view as well, even after uprooting the idea from a theistic mooring. It is still the underpinning of our society and the practice of medicine and the pursuits of biomedical research.
Often the concept of being created "in the image and likeness of God" has been unpacked in Jewish and Christian theology to mean that as God is rational, creative, personal, and loving; these characteristics are, to some degree, reflected in this creature made in His image.3 Pope John Paul II, in his philosophical writings on Christian anthropology, has argued that the most important element expressed in the nature of the human being is the ability to love and to be loved.4 Many clerics and clinicians have commented that when all else is stripped from people through damage to the brain, when rationality and creativity are cruelly taken away, one thing that comes through is their continued ability to give and respond to the love of other human beings. This isn't a very clinical or objective element to look for, and it doesn't fit well in philosophies that want to quantify interests or autobiographical capabilities and judge the value of human life accordingly, but it is one that speaks to a true humanism that should (I would hope) strike a chord in the hearts of all people who seek to love and to be loved as creatures carrying within them dignity and worth. CBHD
1 Jenni A. Ogden, Fractured Minds: A Case Study Approach to Clinical Neuropsychology (New York: Oxford, 1996); see also the dedication in The Handbook of Cognitive Neuropsychology, ed. Brenda Rapp (Philadelphia: Psychology Press, 2001).
2 Keith Andrews, Lesley Murphy, Ros Munday, & Clare Littlewood, "Misdiagnosis of the vegetative state: Retrospective study in a rehabilitation unit," British Medical Journal 313 (1996): 13-16.
3 See Moses Maimonides, The Guide to the Perplexed (New York: Barnes and Noble, 2004); Michael Pomazansky, Orthodox Dogmatic Theology (Platina, CA: Saint Herman Press, 1994).
4 Andrew Woznicki, A Christian Humanism: Karol Wojtyla's Existential Personalism (New Britain, CT: Mariel, 1980).
Source: The Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity. September 22, 2005.
The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the opinions of CBHD, its staff, board or supporters. Permission to reprint granted as long as The Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity and the web address for this article is referenced.


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The SLFP is entitled to take its own decisions, but those in that party who had a policy against the executive presidency too, had no right ethically to call for its continuation, he says.
Perera, who is also deputy secretary of the UNP, is responding to a remark by SLFP minister Sarath Amunugama that his party's central committee has decided that the executive presidency should continue in order to devolve powers as a solution to the national question.
The deputy minister said he did not believe the president and a majority of the SLFP would support that decision, which he said, had been taken owing to the party's internal struggle for power.
The party's central committee has already decided that president Sirisena should seek a second term at the 2020 election, as announced by its general secretary Duminda Dissanayake in Anuradhapura yesterday (09).
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Welcome to Week 7 of Bikini Bootcamp 2017! Over the next 8 weeks I am going to be posting some of the toughest MFit workouts ever. These videos will all include strength training, fat burning cardio, and stretching. I will be giving away some of my best tips and exercises to burn fat and build muscle. Let's get swimsuit ready!
Today we are working on the chest and triceps, but of course I have to throw some cardio in there for you too… this is Bikini Bootcamp after all!
The blend of exercises we will be doing today will not only change your appearance and strength levels, but most of these movements will help you with daily life tasks as well. There are many functional exercises in today's workout. So although this will help you get a great looking bod… it will also help you with balance, core strength, agility, and upper body strength you need for lifting and throwing. Exercise can serve multiple purposes!
Feel free to print out the workout below to take it with you to the gym or follow along with the video:
Part 1. Total Body Circuit
* Do each exercise for 50 seconds, rest for 10 seconds, and repeat with the next exercise. Complete two rounds for a total of 10 minutes.
1. Squat Jump Squat Press
2. Plie Hold Oblique Reaches
3. Commando Plank
4. Lunge Pulses With Tricep Extension
5. Yoga Climbers
Part 2. Tabata
* This will be 4-minutes of 20 seconds on, 10 seconds rest
* Do exercise A twice, exercise B twice, and repeat (AA-BB-AA-BB)
A. Knee Side Kick
B. Double Heel Clicks
Part 3. Half Tabata
* This will be 2-minutes of 20 seconds on, 10 seconds rest
A. Tire Run
Part 4. Supersets
* Complete 3 sets of each superset
A – Lying Chest Press With Tabletop Ab Hold
B – Half Cobra Push-ups
A – Flipped Front Raise
B – Single Arm Kneeling Tricep Kickback
A – Lying Chest Fly
B – Single Leg Tricep Dip


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|The Seasons Change
|Despite her earlier denial of winter, Marsei is optimistic for the change when it means a return to charitable traditions. Dhraegon looks forward to the answer to an important question he's been waiting on for some time.
|Oct. 25/2016
Maidenday Gardens - Starry Street
The Maidenday Gardens are perhaps the loveliest of Oldtown's public gardens. The gracious footpaths are paved in white stone and lined with with flowering trees and rosebushes bearing pink and white blossoms. The beds alongside them are thickly planted with narcissus, lily-of-the-valley, trilliums and wood anemones. An occasional arbor arches over the path, supporting a clematis or wisteria, a virgin's bower or a honeysuckle. Most of the flowers are pale or blushing, but splashes of bright yellows, purples, and blues are not uncommon. True red is all that is absent. In the evenings little lamps hang from slim iron posts to light the paths.
There are benches here and there, and pavilions enshrouded with flowering vines. There are also shrines to The Maiden throughout the garden. They feature statues of stone or wood, some painted, some plain, some large, some small, some dressed in real clothing. All are beautiful and all have a little altar before them. While this is a public garden the rest of the year, on Maiden's Day it is closed to all but maidens. Those girls who feel the ritual at the Sept is not enough to express their piety may, under the watchful eyes of the Septas who maintain this place, light candles at these altars and sing more of their songs of innocence.
Dhraegon is dressed very similar to Marsei in fabric and style, only with the huge sleeves and highly structured torso design he favours. He has a wide basket full of nut bundles at his feet and is carefully tying a bundle of nuts in a handkerchief high up in a tree, giggling. Flox stands with Siva and more supplies, within calling distance, but far enough to give privacy. They and several well placed guards prevent any curious onlookers from disturbing them.
Marsei is happy to be once again gracing the Maidenday Gardens the day after her last visit; rather, she is graced by the gardens, always so pleased to be in one of the city's gems so cared for and special to the sept. And, of course, to the Maiden. For all her consistent denial that winter was on the way, she's cheerful as can be about the chance to uphold the charitable traditions. Early, as the case may be. She carefully circumnavigates the precious foliage, holding the skirt of her gown — a favoured shade of blue — just to her ankle while trying to tie a bundle next to Dhraegon's branch. "I wish we could do these things all the time," she comments, the most merry lamentation there ever was. Meanwhile, she has severely overestimated her ability to reach the branch, lofty above her head. "No fair," she says, the tone carrying from the last and with added humour, "You can practically reach all the branches. Oh well; someone needs to provide for the short."
This is Dhraegon's first Autumn in Oldtown, and so his glee at taking part in Hightower traditions has him with his nuts out early, as it were. He puts his hands at her waist and lifts her giggling, so she might reach a higher branch, "Are there any traditional nut carols we ought to be singing? I want to do all the traditions the right way!"
Lifted, Marsei gives a shrill little squeal that quickly turns into delighted laughter that rings pure through the gardens. She hurries to tie the bundle of goods on while she has the chance; and, speaking of doing it right, her rush to do just that causes a couple of hard-shelled nuts to slip from the bundle. Well-the squirrels need charity too! She ties it up deftly enough. "Oh— " She has to think about carols. "I don't remember any— but there is a song about preparing for winter. I don't think there are any nuts in it. But it's not cold enough to sing about winter."
Her delighted squeal has him grinning his biggest and goofiest grin and laughing along with her. He sets her down carefully, lightly kissing the top of her bright head, "It is definitely too soon for us to sing winter songs. There is time yet for things to grow." He is studying her carefully, too polite to ask the thing that's been on his mind for months now.
Marsei's toes are barely on solid ground for a second before she plucks another bundle from the basket and skips toward another tree across the path — but she whirls about in the middle to look again at Dhraegon. "Turnips," she points out airily, smiling. Deeper consideration swims behind her gaze, behind the merriment, hesitant to come to the fore. She goes to Dhraegon, reaching for his hand. "I know it's my answer you wait for…" she says apologetically. Her voice quiets, and so softens. "But have you come to any … any new feelings about it?"
Dhraegon collects another bundle and follows her so his might be in the tree with hers. He looks genuinely confused, "Turnips?" His mind had wandered from Autumn and Winter crops to more personal things and it takes a little time to catch up, but he does, taking her hand in his own. He asks very seriously, "Do you carve neeps in Autumn here?" Then he blushes and looks down, "I worry for your health, my Asphodel, but I… like the idea of children with your eyes and smile." The other thing is left unsaid, but is in his eyes, "It is your risk and so must be your choice. Some women go into confinement and never come out. The… the tilling I think can be managed." He is blushing to his ears.
Up until 'risk', Marsei's expression is warmed, listening to Dhraegon. As colour pinks his cheeks and all notions of turnips are forgotten (more the shame), her instinct is to go to his side and wrap her arms about one of his, leaning, a small pillar of reassurance. Even while her own conflict dances across her delicate features. "I know, but…" she says, quieter still. "As it turns out, I… I am not so good as choosing by myself. What I am good at is talking myself in and out of things in circles." Her eye catches sight of a statue of the Maiden down the garden path and she turns her forehead against Dhraegon's arm. And there's a new concern to add to the growing list: "And what would your family think?"
Dhraegon lightly strokes her cheek, "I admit, the idea of a child born of… who I love best is… exciting, and I think…"
A pair of maidens approach from the direction of the sept; a few quiet words from Siva and Flox direct them the long way 'round. They don't mind. It's a treat to spy the unusual pair of the Clown Prince and the Flower of Oldtown embracing the charity of the season and wondering what it must be they talk about while standing so close. Perhaps Siva and Flox wonder too: out of range, they look at each other and back at their beloved nobles. Dhraegon has wrapped Marsei in his wing like arms.
"I suspect they'll each think another of them stepped in to… to solve the issue," he's telling Marsei. It wouldn't be the first time. I'd be surprised if you hadn't already had offers."
"U-um…" Cheek against Dhraegon, Marsei looks up almost timidly, mouth open, as if to say something on that point, but decides there are more important matters at hand. "It's not just that. There are those who … well, I— I am not certain they would look kindly upon more children with Hightower blood and the Targaryen name." It's a difficult thing for Marsei speak in a vaguely negative light toward anyone, let alone certain Targaryens, and her struggle shows through her worried brows and circumspect, wondering words. "Princess Vhaerys acts as though we lock you away in the tower."
Dhraegon sighs and nods, "And it's my fault you were in that position. I will need to speak to her. I am thinking…I might have been contagious and we didn't want to panic people. How do you think she might take that? The problem is she's a healer, so might have been willing to risk… Oh! Perhaps it was for her protection?" He sighs, "She's my closest family and she worries. I should have thought of her coming to check."
"A healer… she seems so sharp and clever — I think she would see through it. But you know her best," Marsei says, earnest in looking to Dhraegon's opinion as well. She's barely held one conversation with the woman. Even so: "It isn't your fault, though; it isn't why you were away, it's where, and who with. She would see it differently if I were a Targaryen. I know everyone does not think that way, but — "
But there are some, with Princess Rhaenyra above them all.
Dhraegon sighs and nods, "She's very sane, really. People underestimate her because of her brother, but she's quite stable now that she sees him." He drops his voice, "It was bad before, but she's fine now. Better than I am, really." He nods, "It is important to keep the blood strong, but if we don't graft now and then, we end up with people like me or Jurian or Maelys, and we need more like Viserys or Daevon if we mean to carry on…." He looks worried at how she will take this next, "You know that if we do the thing we are discussing, your children will never ride dragons?" He smiles gently, "Do not worry about the Princess." He has a thought: "Did Vhaerys mention Princess Rhaenyra?"
Worry frets around Marsei's lips as she tries to interpret Vhaerys through Dhraegon's assessment of her, and pinches deeper when he mentions Maelys. It passes into bewilderment and a reassuring smile when it comes to the next part. "I worry enough about my niece and nephews being dragon-riders. It would be a relief," she says, proving herself to be of far different blood, indeed. "Oh— no," she goes on wonderingly, "I only spoke to her for a few moments, really."
Dhraegon kisses the top of her head, charmed as always by her, and pleased by her difference, "I never wanted to ride, and I do not mind that our children don't." His tone grows sad, "She and her brother were riders and when she lost all at once, dragon and husband brother…. We nearly lost her. Now she sees her brother again, she is better. It's best to include him in conversations and set him a place, even though we can't see him. She's very clever and sensible, and very devoted to the bettering of our House. I wish she were more open-minded about grafting, but she means well and she and her brother were very much in love. It is hard for her to understand why anyone would something different than she had." He strokes her hair, "I know I am luckier than I ever deserve to be in you, My Bluebell, and I'd not trade you for a sister even if I had one. That is hard for her to see."
The tale of Vhaerys is both a tragic and strange one, and perplexing to take in stride. Marsei certainly does her best, winding up really rather fascinated, but it is Dhraegon who holds her admiration. She looks up fondly, touched by such words every time. "I know it is … your opinion that matters more to me than any of theirs now." Still, part of her can't help but worry for the fate of a child born between two worlds, two families — powerful allies with powerful forces among them. And isn't that a mother's way of thinking?
Marsei wraps an arm about Dhraegon's midsection, squeezes, steps back from the comforting wings of his arms and smiles. With a cheery rattle of the bundle of nuts, she turns to cross the path to scatter more good fortune among the trees.
She halts again— just long enough to stare wide-eyed into the myriad flowers, bursting with life in the face of winter. The septas walking the far edge of the garden. The innocent, benevolent face of the Maiden at the far edge of her vision. She turns all of a sudden, her face alight in the spur-of-the-moment. "Let's try it!" she exclaims exultantly, a dizzyingly buoyant split decision. "Let's have a baby." Her eyes dance and glitter with as much thrill as nerves: she can hardly comprehend what she's saying, but rushes on, eager. "One way or another. But, wait— !" She hurries to Dhraegon, reaching a hand way up to press a finger to his lips, hers smiling nearly ear to ear. "Not a word on it, or I might change my mind." Before she can truly hear a reply, she runs, quick as a hummingbird, and more girlish more than ladylike, into the gardens.
Dhraegon says fervently, "I think any child of yours can't help but be loved by all or at least most." He adds the last bit thinking of Vhaerys. He follows her with another wee nut sack to hang. Then her decision breaks over him and he is chasing her, wanting to sweep her up to lift her spinning, laughing with delight.