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This is the page for the TrayUtil project: a simple program that allows you to set some program to execute from a menu in the traybar(near the watch).
Here some screenshots (version 1.5): the menu that appears when the icon is right-clicked (with separator):
and the settings form that allows to edit the program, activate/deactivate the built-in functions and portable mode:
The program is written in C#, so you must have installed at least the .NET framework 3.0(or 3.5 or 4.0). This program should work with Mono, for Linux and Mac-Os systems (not tested yet).
The program is released under GPL(General Public License) license.
The source codes are hosted on sourceforge at this location: SourceForge project page
You can download the program at this link: Download V1.5 from SourceForge
or at this mirror: Download V 1.5 from this site
The main features of the program are:
- Opening a file and/or execute a program simply by clicking on a menu-item. You can also pass the command line arguments.
- Tree built-in features: screenshot, taskmanager and calculator.
- Portable mode: permits to execute program form an external unit without worring about che drive letter, that usually changes in different computer.
- A settings form that permits to modify the programs and the internal settings.
version 1.5:
– fixed mispell in setting form
– fixed some bugfixes
version 1.5 beta1:
– added two new build-in features: calculator and taskmanager
– added a form for change the settings: now it's possibile to change the applications without modify manually the xml file
– added portable mode: allows to launch application from external drivers.
– now the build-in features can be deactivated
– various bugfixes and visual enhancements
version 1.0:
– First public release


text: Gold Jackets Headliners 10/01/2016 See All News Every week Hall of Famers are making a difference and being asked their opinions. Let's hear from the best in the game. Gold Jacket Tony Dungy was the keynote speaker at the "Dad's Take Your Child to School Day" event at Gibbs High School. Dungy shared his message about character development and the importance of education. Gibbs High has made the program a statewide initiative that aims to highlight the importance of fathers and male role models. Read full story>>> Class of 2006 Enshrinee and former Dallas Cowboys defensive end Randy White visited Corpus Christi to help Valero with a United Way Fundraiser. Valero is the world's largest independent petroleum refiner, and a leading marketer, ethanol producer and corporate citizen. White visited with guest and talked about what is means to be a Cowboy and belonging to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Read full story>>> And finally, former Green Bay Packers quarterback Brett Favre discussed his excitement for rookie signal caller Carson Wentz on SiriusXM NFL Radio. The undefeated Wentz has the all-time passer impressed. Favre believes the rookie looks like he's been under center for ten seasons or more. Favre and Philadelphia Eagles head coach Doug Peterson worked together in Green Bay for seven years. Former teammates and best friends, Favre is confident that Peterson will get the most out of Wentz. Read full story>>> Back to news

subset: commoncrawl


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Carl Cox and more DJs for EXIT
With a decade of history already behind it the Serbian event is throwing even more wood on the party fire this year with a score of big DJs lining up for exclusive back to back sets.
The first official world number one DJ is to be joined by Green Velvet. Welsh producer Sasha is to reunite with John Digweed while techno Richie Hawtin is pencilled in with Dubfire.
Moby, Madness and Arctic Monkeys were previously confirmed to feature in the legendary fortress alongside Kraftwerk and a host of other DJs who are down to handle the After 2 Parties.
Click here for the latest EXIT Festival 2009 line-up.
EXIT will take place from 9 – 12 July in the stunning Petrovaradin Fortress, overlooking the city of Novi Sad.
Early bird 4 day passes are now available for £72 (approx €80).
Click here to browse and buy Exit 2009 tickets.


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The world is drowning in debt: personal debt, national debt, credit card debt, mortgage debt. Doomsday economists predict an imminent debt crisis that will plunge the world into another Depression, and TV talk shows are stuffed with experts extolling the latest scheme for living "debt-free."
But what exactly is this monster called debt that's sucking up all of our income, ruining our credit scores and making politicians sweat? Is debt always a bad thing, or is a little debt necessary to achieve some of life's most important financial milestones, like buying a home, a car, and paying for a college education?
In this HowStuffWorks article, we'll explain the difference between good debt (yes, it exists), bad debt, consumer debt and public debt, and even offer some advice on how to get out of debt.
Debt and credit are two sides of the same coin. Debt is something owed and credit is something given, usually in the form of money. A person who receives credit is the debtor or borrower, and the person who gives credit is the creditor.
To receive credit, the debtor must enter into a contract with the creditor specifying the terms by which the debt will be repaid. This contract is often called a loan.
The terms of a loan include the amount of time the debtor has to repay the full amount and the interest he will be charged over that time. Interest is a fee charged by the creditor, calculated monthly or annually, and expressed as an interest rate, or percentage of the principal. The principal is the amount of money borrowed, minus any payments that have already been made (excluding interest payments).
The most common types of consumer debt are credit card debt, home mortgages, home equity loans, car loans and student loans. Besides consumer debt, there's something called public debt. Public debt is money owed by governments. We'll talk more about consumer and public debt later on.
Other debt classifications are secured and unsecured debt. A secured debt is backed by collateral, or something of real value. A mortgage is a secured debt because the loan is backed by the value of the house itself.
Credit card debt is considered unsecured debt, because there is nothing of value backing the debt, only the borrower's credit history. If the borrower can't make his credit card payments, he has to find a way to come up with the money, which could mean borrowing more debt. This is why credit cards and other unsecured debt are the most dangerous types of debt to accumulate.
Good Debt vs. Bad Debt
While it's possible to live completely debt-free, it's not necessarily smart. Very few people earn enough money to pay cash for life's most important purchases: a home, a car or a college education. The most important consideration when buying on credit or taking out a loan is whether the debt incurred is good debt or bad debt.
Good debt is an investment that will grow in value or generate long-term income. Taking out student loans to pay for a college education is the perfect example of good debt. First of all, student loans typically have a very low interest rate compared to other types of debt. Secondly, a college education increases your value as an employee and raises your potential future income.
Taking out a mortgage to buy a home is usually considered good debt as well. Like student loans, home mortgages generally have lower interest rates than other debt, plus that interest is tax deductible. Even though mortgages are long-term loans (30 years in many cases), those relatively low monthly payments allow you to keep the rest of your money free for investments and emergencies. The ideal situation would be that your home increases in market value over time, enough to cancel out the interest you've paid over that same period.
An auto loan is another example of good debt, particularly if the vehicle is essential to doing business. Unlike homes, cars and trucks lose value over time, so it's in the buyer's best interest to pay as much as possible up front so as not to spend too much on high-interest monthly payments.
Good debt can also simply be low-interest debt. Home equity loans are usually considered good debt (or at least "better" debt), because their interest rates are lower than other types of debt, like auto loans or credit cards. With a home equity loan, the lending institution uses your home as collateral. The amount and interest rate of the loan depends on the appraised value of the house. While it may seem smart to consolidate other debts under a lower-interest home equity loan, carefully consider whether or not you can really make the payments. If not, you could end up losing your home.
Bad debt is debt incurred to purchase things that quickly lose their value and do not generate long-term income. Bad debt is also debt that carries a high interest rate, like credit card debt. The general rule to avoid bad debt is: If you can't afford it and you don't need it, don't buy it. If you buy a fancy, $200 pair of shoes on your credit card, but can't pay the balance on your card for years, those shoes will eventually cost you over $250, and by then they'll be out of style.
Payday loans or cash advance loans are some of the worst kinds of debt. In a payday loan, the borrower writes a personal check to the lender for the amount he wants to borrow, plus a fee. Then he has until his next payday to pay back the loan amount, plus the original fee and any interest incurred over that time period. Interest rates for payday loans are astronomical, starting at 300 percent annually [source: FTC]. And if you fail to pay back the amount by your next payday, you incur yet another processing fee to "roll over" the loan.
Now let's talk about some of the most effective ways to get out of debt.
How to Get Out of Debt
The simplest way to get out of debt -- and for many the most difficult -- is to budget your spending and save enough cash to pay off your debts.
A budget is a financial plan that allocates a specific amount of money to be spent on certain commodities like food, clothing, mortgage or rental payments, entertainment and savings. Here's how to use a budget to lower your overall debt:
- Carefully record your monthly spending -- down to every utility bill, pack of gum and newspaper. These are called your fixed expenses (phone and electric bills) and your variable expenses (double lattes and movie tickets).
- Figure out exactly how much money you take home in income every month and subtract the cost of your fixed and variable expenses. What's left over is how much you can spend on lowering your debt.
- You can increase your monthly budget surplus (the amount left over) by eliminating items from your variable expenses that are unnecessary or unnecessarily expensive.
- Make a list of all of your monthly debts along with the interest rates for each type of debt.
- Pay off the debt with the highest interest rate first, while continuing to make at least the minimum monthly payment on your other debts.
Debt consolidation is another way to reduce your debt load. Debt consolidation means taking out a lower-interest loan to pay for higher-interest debts. It's called consolidation because you take several high-interest debts and consolidate them under one lower-interest payment. It's not an ideal way of reducing debt, because you're technically incurring more debt to pay off the debt you already have.
Typical forms of debt consolidation are a home equity loan or a second mortgage. Second mortgages are like home equity loans in that they use the home as collateral and carry relatively low interest rates (although certainly higher than the original mortgage). An example of debt consolidation would be to take out a home equity loan to pay off credit card debt.
Credit counselors are trained professionals that can help a chronic debtor come up with a manageable budget, develop a "debt management plan" and even negotiate with creditors for lower interest rates or better loan terms. However, not all credit counseling services are legitimate. Some of them charge hidden fees, called "voluntary contributions," that can quickly get expensive. Others are able to win lower interest rates only after purposefully defaulting on all of your loans and ruining your credit score.
If you find yourself up to your neck in debt with no possible way out, there are two final options: debt settlement and bankruptcy. Debt settlement is an arrangement between a debtor and a borrower to pay one lump sum to satisfy the debt rather than monthly payments that incur interest. This lump sum is typically less than the total debt that is owed. It's important that debtors know their rights when negotiating with creditors. In the United States, these rights are established by the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.
The only advantage of debt settlement for the creditor is that he will at least receive some money. If the debtor is allowed to declare bankruptcy, the creditor may receive very little or nothing. Declaring bankruptcy is a legal process in which the debtor's assets are turned over to a trustee who then liquidates the assets to pay off the various creditors.
In the United States, the most common type of personal bankruptcy is called Chapter 13, in which the debtor retains some assets -- like a home or car -- and is required to adhere to a court-ordered debt repayment plan in which a percentage of his regular income is used to pay off creditors. After the debt repayment is completed, the debtor receives an official discharge clearing him of any further obligations to his creditors.
Now let's look at consumer debt and its effect on the overall economy.
Consumer Debt and the Economy
Consumer debt is the debt held by individuals, not by governments. Consumer debt can come in the form of credit card debt, home mortgages, student loans, auto loans and other loans. Consumer debt is also known as household debt. According to statistics from the Federal Reserve, the total household debt of the United States in 2007 was $13.3 trillion. The household debt of the average American in 2007 is equal to 14.29 percent of his total income, a figure called the household debt service ratio (DSR) [source: Federal Reserve].
But the DSR doesn't include mortgage or rental payments. Those numbers are calculated in a figure called the financial obligations ratio (FOR). The latest figures from the Federal Reserve have homeowners spending 18 percent of their income on debt and renters spending 25.9 percent.
It's widely reported that the average United States citizen owes over $9,000 in credit card debt alone. That's actually a misleading statistic. True, if you took the total credit card debt of the United States and divided it by the number of U.S. citizens, it would be $9,000. But a more accurate statistic is the median credit card debt -- half of households owe more, half owe less -- which is $2,200. According to statistics from the Federal Reserve, 56 percent of U.S. households owe nothing in credit card debt (25 percent have no credit cards at all) [source: MSN Money].
Americans aren't the only ones up to their neck in consumer debt. According to 2005 statistics from England, British citizens owe an average of $6,500 in unsecured debt (primarily credit cards). That's over twice the European average of $3,200. In Greece, unsecured borrowing rose 29 percent from 2001 to 2005, and new lending has jumped 52 percent in Turkey over the same time period [source: BBC News].
On the flip side, around 70 percent of the United States and British GDP is fueled by consumer spending [source: Money-Zine.com]. A nation's GDP is often used as a measurement of the health of its economy. Consumer debt begins to negatively affect the health of the economy when it forces consumers to spend less. This is why some governments do everything they can to encourage consumer spending (and borrowing), including lowering taxes and lowering interest rates. If consumers spend less, the economy is said to have stalled, possibly leading to a longer-term recession.
Complicating the matter is that the United States is entering a housing crisis (see How Subprime Mortgages Work), which will only make consumer debt problems worse. The UK already experienced this exact situation. The UK housing boom (and resulting slump) happened 18 months ahead of similar economic developments in the States. Since the end of 2005, British credit card delinquencies have risen 50 percent, causing banks to lose billions of dollars [source: Fortune]. According to a recent survey, credit-crunched homeowners in the UK are even beginning to use their credit cards to pay off mortgages, a dangerous economic precedent that will only lead to deeper debt and more defaulting on credit card payments [source: Fortune].
A big fear of United States economists is that the economy could be entering a powerful recession equal to the 13-year Japanese economic crisis of the 1990s, also sparked by the collapse of the credit market [source: TheStreet.com].
On that cheery note, let's look at public debt and its effect on the economy.
Public Debt and the Economy
The deficit is the difference between how much money the government takes in through taxes and how much it spends each year. The public debt is the same as the national debt, and it's the accumulation of all of the deficit, plus any other money the government spent that wasn't part of the budget. The United States public debt is currently well over $9 trillion. (You can look up the exact public debt at the U.S. Bureau of Public Debt.) In 2006, the interest alone on the national debt cost U.S. taxpayers $405 billion [source: CBS News].
The total public debt is actually divided into two categories: the debt held by the public and intragovernmental holdings. According to MSNBC, here's how the debt held by the public works:
- To raise money, the federal government auctions off treasury securities to domestic and foreign investors. These could be U.S. Savings Bonds or Treasury Bills (T-Bills) or other notes.
- During the auction process, investors bid for securities in two different ways: competitive or non-competitive bids. To make a competitive bid, investors state the interest rate at which they're willing to buy the security. For a non-competitive bid, investors agree to purchase the security at the average interest rate of all bids.
- The government sells enough securities at each auction to satisfy a certain spending goal, like $18 billion. It starts by selling to the lowest bidder and work its way up until the stated goal is reached.
- But at some point the investor will cash in those securities along with any interest that's accrued over time. The debt held by the public -- currently $5 trillion -- is the total amount that's owed to all of these investors at any given time.
Intragovernmental holdings -- the other $4 trillion -- are treasury securities that the U.S. government buys itself to bolster huge federal savings programs like Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid.
Obviously, the United States is not alone in holding a large national debt. But a better indicator of a nation's indebtedness is the ratio of its public debt to its GDP, or total national income. The U.S. public debt ratio in 2005 was calculated as 61.8 percent of the GDP. In the same year, the UK's ratio was 46.7 percent, France's was 76.1 percent and Japan's was an astonishing 173.1 percent [source: OECD].
But how does the public debt affect the economy as a whole? Is a large public debt an indicator of bad economic times to come? The United States Government Accountability Office (GAO), says that a rising national debt, particularly when viewed as a percentage of a nation's GDP, is a big problem, although a long-term one.
The GAO explains that the more debt a country holds, the less money it's able to put away in savings and reinvest in the nation's economy. In the United States, in particular, the Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid savings accounts are going to be hit hard by the retirement of the Baby Boomers. The government will no longer be able to tap into these accounts to pay for other federal programs. The GAO also warns that federal borrowing to pay off the deficit will inevitably lead to higher interest rates, affecting the ability of citizens to buy homes and take out loans. That could lead to a broader economic slowdown, or even recession [source: GAO].
For more information about debt, money and related topics, follow the links on the next page.
Related HowStuffWorks Articles
More Great Links
- "The Code of Hammurabi." Constitution Society.http://www.constitution.org/ime/hammurabi.htm
- "The Debt to the Penny and Who Owns It." TreasuryDirect. http://www.treasurydirect.gov/NP/BPDLogin?application=np
- "Exodus 22:22-24." Bible, New International Version. Bible Gateway.http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+22-24
- "Federal Debt: Frequently Asked Questions." United States Government Accountability Office. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04485sp.pdf
- "Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States: September 17, 2007." Federal Reserve. http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/Current/
- "FTC Consumer Alert: Payday Loans = Costly Cash." Federal Trade Commission. February 2000. http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/alerts/pdayalrt.shtm
- "Good debt versus bad debt." MSN Money. http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/Savinganddebt/Managedebt/P150813.asp
- Gumbel, Peter. "The $915B bomb in consumers' wallets." Fortune, CNN Money. Oct. 30, 2007. http://money.cnn.com/2007/10/29/magazines/fortune/consumer_debt.fortune/
- "Household Debt Service and Financial Obligations Ratios." Federal Reserve. http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/housedebt/default.htm
- "Knee Deep in Debt." Federal Trade Commission. December 2005. http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/credit/kneedeep.shtm
- Knoller, Mark. "Brother, can you spare $9 trillion?" CBS News. Sept. 6, 2007. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/09/06/notebook/main3238787.shtml
- Markman, Jon D. "The Credit Crisis Could be Just Beginning." TheStreet.com. Sept. 21, 2007. http://www.thestreet.com/newsanalysis/investing/10380613_3.html
- Mecham, Leonidas Ralph. "Bankruptcy Basics." Bankruptcy Judges Division, Administrative Office of the United States Courts. April 2006, Revised Third Edition. http://www.uscourts.gov/bankruptcycourts/bankbasics04606.pdf
- "Money 101: Lesson 9, Controlling Your Debt." CNN Money. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/money101/lesson9/index.htm
- Rhode, Steve. "The History of Credit and Debt." Myvesta Foundation.http://myvesta.org/history/
- "Risks of Rising Consumer Debt." Money-Zine.com. 2007.http://www.money-zine.com/Financial-Planning/Debt-Consolidation/Risks-of-Rising-Consumer-Debt
- Schoen, John. "Just who owns the U.S, national debt?" MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17424874/
- "UK debt 'double Europe average.'" BBC News. Sept. 27, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5380718.stm
- Weston, Liz Pulliam. "The truth about credit card debt." MSN Money. http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/Banking/creditcardsmarts/150744.asp


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First, I'll clarify that this post will only discuss chemicals that influence happiness that our body produces, not chemicals we add to our body. That is a discussion for another time!
Information about the chemicals our body makes that relate to happiness can fill a whole book. Basically, 'happiness' is a chemical state in the brain, but it is not due to a single chemical. Happiness is the result of a complex interaction of at least 7 brain chemicals (neurotransmitters). Behavior, diet and sleep, and many other things, can change the levels of these chemicals.
How do neurotransmitters work? They are chemical messengers. The neurotransmitter molecule is produced by a nerve cell, and waits at the end of the cell in little packets. The packets are released into a gap (the synapse) that exists between one nerve cell and the next when a signal arrives. The neurotransmitter molecules float across the gap and are picked up by receptors in the next cell. When the molecules 'connect' with the receptor it causes a new signal in that cell.
Your brain produces dopamine when you do something that results in a reward. It's a good feeling, right? Our ancestors got this dopamine boost when they were hunting for berries and found a good patch, or pulled in a big fish for dinner. We feel it when we snag a good deal shopping online, or score a few bucks with a 'scratch and win' lottery ticket. Other activities can increase dopamine too. Even anticipation of a reward can cause dopamine release. Dopamine can be boosted by playing sports, starting a new hobby, or even driving home from work a new way.
GABA is a brain chemical that slows down activity in the brain. This causes a feeling of calm. Anything that triggers the 'Relaxation Response'…getting a massage, meditation, listening to soothing music…causes your brain to release GABA. Some relaxing activities are more effective than others. A study in the "Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine" found that participants who did yoga for 60 minutes had 27% higher levels of GABA than those who read a book for 60 minutes.
Serotonin is one of the most common chemicals produced in our brains. Its effects are also among the most complex. It has been called 'The Confidence Molecule' because it is involved with REDUCING anxiety. In other words, when serotonin increases, there is a feeling of calm accomplishment. The reverse, a lack of serotonin, can cause feelings of anxiety. A number of studies have shown massage is a good way to increase serotonin levels. Serotonin levels in pregnant women jumped 30% when their partners gave them twice-weekly massages for four months. A different studied showed serotonin levels in infants 1-3 months of age shot up 34% when their moms massaged them twice a week for 15 minutes for a period of 6 weeks.
Amazingly, just thinking about a happy event in your life can increase serotonin. Bright light, like sunlight, can have the same effect. This study also found that remembering sad events decreased serotonin.
The next post will discuss a few more of the neurotransmitters involved in feelings of happiness.


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Following up on our blog discussions a year ago, I published a review of Charles Murray's recent book, "Coming Apart," for the journal Statistics, Politics, and Policy. I invited Murray to publish a response, and he did so.
Here's the abstract to my review:
This article examines some claims made in a recent popular book of political sociology, with the intent not being to debunk any claims but rather to connect some important social and policy positions to statistical data on income, social class, and political attitudes. The thesis of Charles Murray's book is that America's upper and lower classes have become increasingly separate, with elites living more disciplined, orderly lives (characterized by marriage, work, and stable families) while being largely unaware of the lifestyles of the majority of Americans. I argue that some of Murray's conclusions are sensitive to particular choices of whom to label as elite or upper-class. From my analysis of survey data, I see the big culture war occurring within the upper class, whereas Murray focuses on differences in attitudes and lifestyles comparing rich to poor. Coming Apart is a lively contribution to current debates and complements more statistical analyses of political and social polarization.
Murray's reply had no abstract, but here's the text of the whole thing. I think the discussion was productive.
Before leaving the conversation, I just want to point to a bit in Murray's article that I thought inadvertently illustrated Murray's points about implicit assumptions and cultural divides. Near the end of his reply to my review, Murray writes:
When a society's elite is confident that its own values are the ones that all of society ought to adopt, those values get communicated. They're in the air—in the way journalists cover stories, editors write editorials, television networks choose the new season's series, and screenwriters create plots. They are reflected in the way that members of the elite talk with their children, with their professional colleagues, and whenever those topics relating to their values come up in a public setting. In all of those settings, today's new upper class tends to be obsessively nonjudgmental.
If you doubt it, try bringing up the issue of single women having babies at your next dinner party, and see how many of your companions are willing to say, even in a private gathering of friends, that it is morally wrong for a woman to bring a baby into the world knowing that it will not have a father, and morally wrong for a man to impregnate a woman knowing he will not be a father to the child. Fifty years ago, no one at the same kind of dinner party would have said that it was not morally wrong.
It is statistically highly likely that all of the biological children of the people at a dinner table of today's upper-class adults have been born within wedlock. If there are childless never-married women at the table, it is likely that they have deliberately foregone having a baby, even though they might want one, because they have decided it is unfair to the child not to have a father. Put another way, it is likely that all of the people at the table have made moral evaluations and behaved accordingly. "Preach what you practice" simply means to stop being nonjudgmental in public about moral principles that you hold in private.
I have no idea what Murray's personal view is on the matter, but from the above passage I take it that he thinks it is OK for people to think that "it is morally wrong for a woman to bring a baby into the world knowing that it will not have a father," and that it is "obsessively nonjudgmental" to not think it is morally wrong for a woman etc.
I think there's something generational going on here. I actually know several women who've knowingly brought fatherless babies into the world—and they and their kids seem to be doing just fine. Yes, I realize there are people who find this sort of thing objectionable, but I'd actually think it was kind of rude for them to say something like that over dinner—at least, it would be rude if one of our friends with children were around.
So, yes, I agree with Murray that there have been big changes over the past few decades—but these changes go deeper than he might realize. In the last two sentences of the quotation above, Murray implies that members of the upper class hold in private the principle that it is morally wrong for a woman to bring a baby into the world knowing that it will not have a father. That might be true among the upper class of Dallas or other conservative parts of the country, but where I live, not so much.
At this point, Murray could of course respond that I'm making his point for him, that I'm illustrating how distant I am, in my Manhattan lifestyle, from average Americans. And I could respond with some poll data showing liberal attitudes on social issues among Americans under 40. But really this particular discussion would not be needed, because my point is simpler than that. Murray thinks it's obsessionally nonjudgmental to think it's OK for a woman to have a baby with no father, and I think it's an odd sort of retro throwback to believe that such a woman's behavior is morally wrong. In this case it can be difficult to communicate in general, although perhaps it would be possible in special cases. (Murray might, for example, agree that my friends might be OK having brought babies into the world knowing they will not have a father. Perhaps he could consider it morally wrong in general but accept my friends as special cases, perhaps arguing that this sort of think can work in Morningside Heights but not in many other places in the country.)
P.S. There's a bunch of discussion below but I think some of it misses my main point, which is the following. Murray wrote, "try bringing up the issue of single women having babies at your next dinner party, and see how many of your companions are willing to say, even in a private gathering of friends, that it is morally wrong for a woman to bring a baby into the world knowing that it will not have a father." I agree that my friends wouldn't be "willing to say" this, but for the simple reason that I think most of my friends don't think it is wrong for a woman to do that. Times have changed. Then again, lots of Americans would agree with Murray on the moral condemnation. Attitudes vary by geography, by generation, by many factors.


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Many agencies, both small and huge do now not understand that software program may be leased or financed. Although software financing is unique in some way, in widespread it has many similarities to system leasing.
It is likewise right to make certain that proper finance company is applied, as many creditors have truly hazarded averse to financing this asset. However, many others are looking for commercial enterprise in this area!
Contrary to famous opinion software as an asset in lots of cases have a greater fee that a depreciating difficult asset. It has also been perplexing for lenders on the subject of the registration of collateral beneath the Canadian PPSA (PERSONAL PROPERTY SECURITY ACT) law.
In its broadest time period the financing or leasing of software that can't be transferred to some other consumer. The commercial enterprise owner does additionally of course not very own any improvement rights in the software program. Software financing is treated as a financing mechanism, it is not a real rent in line with se.
Some additional key points across the technicality of software leasing/finance are as follows:
The proper of a patron to apply the software program offers the organization no right inside the highbrow belongings surrounding the developer's rights inside the software program code. The high-quality instance of that is while we examine our EXCEL spreadsheets that we use in finance and home topics. We use the software program, but Microsoft, of course, owns it.
The problem in the past across the financing of software program revolved across the truth that lenders did not understand a way to collateralize and sign in their safety. Under modern PPSA legislation, intangibles and software may be collateralized. Therefore the software financing lender/lessor may be very confident that the software may be collateralized.
At the coronary heart of the software program financing issue is the actual price of the software to the commercial enterprise proprietor. He runs his commercial enterprise on it, i.E CRM programs, workplace software, production software, etc. Software lease payments have a tendency to be made since the asset is integral to the price and on going challenge of the commercial enterprise. Unless agencies are liquidated in general financial disaster maximum lessors and finance corporations recover completely on their software program leasing – Source – Journal of Equipment Leasing In many commercial enterprise bankruptcies the software lessor or lender is handled as a secured creditor.
Also, key to the software financing issue is that many software program corporations provide protection, assistance, and updates around their product. This complements the creditor's asset as it's miles used for longer lengths of time, and frequently continuously upgraded. Quite frankly it turns into much less obsolete than PC hardware!
Many software lessors and creditors also finance the carrier and protection contracts associated with their customer's software program acquisition.
We do acknowledge in this article that it is extra hard to finance customized software program although it is viable based on the overall credit energy of the borrower. Many custom designed software deals are done with handiest investment grade debtors in which credit chance is minimum. Many smaller price ticket lessors and creditors, however, do now hire software program. In widespread, these transactions are complete payout capital leases.
In summary, software hire financing is available and have to be taken into consideration by each enterprise proprietor inside the equal context as a capital system finance transaction. The computer hardware enterprise has grown with leasing, and the software program enterprise is doing that also. The same considerations an owner offers to hire vs buy practice to a software program finance acquisition.


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It really doesn't matter how any of us feel about Dick Cheney. The core of the story is he received a donor heart because he was a patient who needed one and he was healthy enough to receive it.
I think that's a key issue many are overlooking. Mr. Cheney has access to great healthcare. His health was monitored regularly. He did not have the stress of worrying about a shrinking income or loss of benefits due to his heath. He did not have to worry about being a burden to his family.
I see speculation of strings he may have pulled. Honestly, I think because he had access to good healthcare, like I do, he was able to survive and be well enough to receive a donor heart. His health has been closely monitored. In other words, he received all of his necessary check-ups and was given ample time and sufficient care to ensure his recovery from each heart attack.
So, I think we can use Mr. Cheney's story as an example of what is possible when better than average health care is available. That's all. Imagine what we could accomplish if patients all over the United States had the same quality of care. Other than wishing him a good recovery, and acknowledging the benefits of high quality medical care- everything else is just noise.


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This is about using messages on Facebook. For help with the Messenger app or messenger.com, visit the Messenger Help Center. You can also learn how to install the Messenger app.
Messaging on Facebook lets you instantly reach people you care about from Facebook chat or facebook.com on your computer.
Learn more about how to:
- Message, voice or video call your friends.
- Send photos, videos, stickers, GIFs and more.
Know who's seen your message, and who hasn't.
For help with Messenger Kids, visit the Messenger Kids Help Center.
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$100.00 – $438.00 / month for 8 months
This is the 1st year of Italian study for students ages 12-18.
Minimum enrollment for group classes is three students. If we do not have enough students to run a group class, enrolled students will be placed on a waiting list until there are enough students to open the class or will be offered a private class.
Once you have clicked submit the form will clear. Fill out one form and submit for each student you are registering in the same class. Then scroll below the form to finish your registration.
First year of Italian study for students ages 12-18.
Live classes are one day, two days, three, or five days per week.
Code: BV10
Hurry! Limited time offer.