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Eric Holder
Eric Himpton Holder, Jr. (born January 21, 1951) served as the 82nd Attorney General of the United States, from 2009 to 2015. Holder, serving in the administration of President Barack Obama, is the first African American to hold the position of U.S. Attorney General.[1]
Holder previously served as a judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and a United States Attorney. While a U.S. Attorney, he prosecuted Congressman Dan Rostenkowski (D–Illinois) for corruption charges related to his role in the Congressional Post Office scandal. Later, he was Deputy Attorney General of the United States and worked at the law firm of Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C. He was senior legal advisor to Barack Obama during Obama's presidential campaign and one of three members of Obama's vice-presidential selection committee. During the Fast and Furious investigation, he became the only cabinet member in U.S. history to be held in contempt of Congress.[2]
He was succeeded by Loretta Lynch on April 27, 2015.[3]
- 1 Early life
- 2 Career
- 3 Attorney General of the United States
- 3.1 Nomination
- 3.2 Global War on Terrorism
- 3.3 Civil rights
- 3.4 Crime and prosecutions
- 3.5 Department of Justice Smart on Crime Program
- 3.6 Additional actions
- 3.7 Opinion of Bush policies
- 3.8 Racism
- 3.9 Operation Fast and Furious
- 3.10 Contempt of Congress
- 3.11 Operation Choke Point
- 3.12 Refusal to prosecute financial institutions
- 3.13 Classified leaks investigations
- 3.14 Resolution proposing articles of impeachment
- 3.15 Resignation
- 4 Personal life
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 Further reading
- 8 External links
Early life
Eric Himpton Holder, Jr. was born in the Bronx, New York, to parents with roots in Barbados.[4][5][6] Holder's father, Eric Himpton Holder, Sr. (1905–1970) was born in Saint Joseph, Barbados and arrived in the United States at the age of 11.[7][8] He later became a real estate broker. His mother, Miriam, was born in New Jersey, while his maternal grandparents were immigrants from Saint Philip, Barbados.[8] Holder grew up in East Elmhurst, Queens, and attended public school until the age of 10. When entering the 4th grade he was selected to participate in a program for intellectually gifted students.[9]
In 1969, he graduated from Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan and attended Columbia University, where he played freshman basketball. He earned a B.A. degree in American History in 1973.[10] Holder received his J.D. from Columbia Law School, graduating in 1976. He worked for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund during his first summer and the United States Attorney during his second summer.[9]
While at Columbia, Holder was a member of the Student Afro-American Society, which staged a non-confrontational occupation of the ROTC lounge and demanded that it be renamed the Malcolm X Lounge.[11][12][13][14][15][16]
After graduating from Columbia Law School, Holder joined the U.S. Justice Department's new Public Integrity Section during an interval lasting from 1976 to 1988. During his time there, he assisted in the prosecution of Democratic Congressman John Jenrette for bribery discovered in the Abscam sting operation.[17] In 1988, Ronald Reagan appointed Holder to serve as a judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.[18]
Holder stepped down from the bench in 1993 to accept an appointment as United States Attorney for the District of Columbia from President Bill Clinton. He was the first black American U.S. Attorney in that office.[9] At the beginning of his tenure, he oversaw the conclusion of the corruption case against Dan Rostenkowski, part of the Congressional Post Office scandal.[17] He was a U.S. Attorney until his elevation to Deputy Attorney General in 1997. Holder also served on The George Washington University's Board of Trustees in 1996 and 1997.
Deputy Attorney General
In 1997, after the retirement of Jamie Gorelick, Clinton nominated Holder to be the Deputy Attorney General under Janet Reno. Holder was confirmed several months later in the Senate by a unanimous vote.[19] During his confirmation hearing, Holder's opposition to the death penalty was questioned, but he pledged his intention to cooperate with the current laws and Reno, saying, "I am not a proponent of the death penalty, but I will enforce the law as this Congress gives it to us."[20] Holder was the first African-American to serve in that position.[9]
As Deputy Attorney General, Holder's primary responsibilities were in the areas of budget and personnel issues; this also included resolving disputes among department heads and briefing reporters on policy initiatives, national security issue, and major investigations,[9] including the FBI investigations into allegations of bribery and corruption in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.[21] Holder later advised Reno in the matters regarding the Independent Counsel statute. Reno made the decision to permit Kenneth Starr to expand his investigation into the Lewinsky affair, leading to Clinton's impeachment.[9]
In the wake of the murders of Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr., Holder was a vocal proponent of new hate crimes laws in the United States. Holder said that the current laws placed major constraints on the ability of federal investigators and prosecutors to assist in these types of cases.[22]
In his final days with the Clinton administration, Holder carried out his duties with Clinton's last-minute pardon of fugitive and Democratic contributor Marc Rich. Regarding discussions with the White House lawyers on the issue, Holder said he was at first "neutral" on the decision to grant Rich a pardon, but might lean in favor of it if there were national security benefits. Holder said that he was told that Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak had asked Clinton to grant the pardon. Holder said that, at the time, he did not give the case much thought, because he did not think the pardon would be granted, as no fugitive had ever previously been granted a presidential pardon. He later said he wished that he had looked into it more thoroughly,[23] and expressed regret over the incident. "I wish that I had ensured that the Department of Justice was more fully informed and involved in this pardon process", he said admitting the mistake.[24]
Republicans on the House Government Reform Committee disagreed with Holder's version and alleged that he was a knowing participant, according to a 2003 report. They said Holder failed to fully inform prosecutors of the pending pardon, and they criticized his "neutral leaning favorable" opinion to Clinton.[25]
Former FBI director, Louis Freeh, commented on the matter in 2009, saying that the Clinton White House had "used" Holder and kept both the FBI and the DOJ in the dark as to their full activities around the last minute pardons.[26]
Holder briefly served as Acting Attorney General under President George W. Bush until the Senate confirmed Bush's nominee John Ashcroft.[27]
Private practice
From 2001 until he became Attorney General, Holder worked as an attorney at Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C., representing clients such as Merck and the National Football League.[4][9] He represented the NFL during its dog fighting investigation against Michael Vick.[28]
In 2004, Holder helped negotiate an agreement with the Justice Department for Chiquita Brands International in a case that involved Chiquita's payment of "protection money" to the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia, a group on the U.S. government's list of terrorist organizations.[29][30] In the agreement, Chiquita's officials pleaded guilty and paid a fine of $25 million. Holder represented Chiquita in the civil action that grew out of this criminal case.[30] In March 2004, Holder and Covington & Burling were hired by Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich to act as a special investigator to the Illinois Gaming Board. The investigation was subsequently canceled on May 18, 2004.[31]
The firm represented Guantanamo inmates but Holder "never participated directly in the firm's Guantanamo work", and is not expected to recuse himself from matters pertaining to it.[32]
During his years in private practice, Holder represented the Swiss private bank UBS. Because of this, he recused himself from participating in the Department of Justice investigation of UBS's abetting of tax evasion by U.S. account-holders and the prosecution of Brad Birkenfeld. (As Attorney General, he also had to bow out of the Roger Clemens contempt of Congress prosecution because the pitcher was once a client of Covington and Burling.)[33][34]
While D.C. v. Heller was being heard by the Supreme Court in 2008, Holder joined the Reno-led amicus brief, which urged the Supreme Court to uphold Washington, D.C.'s handgun ban and said the position of the Department of Justice, from Franklin Roosevelt through Clinton, was that the Second Amendment does not protect an individual right to keep and bear arms for purposes unrelated to a State's operation of a well-regulated militia.[35] Holder said that overturning the 1976 law "opens the door to more people having more access to guns and putting guns on the streets."[36]
In late 2007, Holder joined then-Senator Barack Obama's presidential campaign as a senior legal advisor. He served on Obama's vice presidential selection committee.[18]
Attorney General of the United States
On December 1, 2008, Obama announced that Holder would be his nominee for Attorney General of the United States.[37][38] Obama praised his "toughness and independence." Obama went on to say that "[Holder] is deeply familiar with the law enforcement challenges we face: from terrorism to counter-intelligence; from white-collar crime to public corruption." Holder emphasized national security as a priority if confirmed, "We can and we must ensure that the American people remain secure and that the great Constitutional guarantees that define us as a nation are truly valued."[39]
He was formally nominated on January 20, 2009 and was overwhelmingly approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee on January 28 with a bipartisan vote of 17 to 2.[40][41] He was officially confirmed by the entire Senate on February 2, 2009 by a vote of 75 to 21.[42] becoming the nation's first African-American Attorney General. His installation took place on March 27, 2009 at the Lisner Auditorium of George Washington University. As of his indication to step down on September 25, 2014, Holder had the fourth longest tenure of any Attorney General in U.S. history.[43]
Global War on Terrorism
As Attorney General, Holder has been a staunch defender of the President's legal right to prosecute the War on Terror. In May 2011, Holder testified before Congress on the legality of the operation where US special forces killed Osama Bin Laden earlier that month. Holder testified that the operation to kill Bin Laden was legal, stating that international law allows for targeting enemy commanders. To support this point, Holder said that computer evidence seized from the raid demonstrated that Bin Laden was still leading al-Qaeda. Moreover, Holder said, the Navy SEALs conducted themselves in a manner consistent with American values, and that the parameters of the mission included capturing Bin Laden.[44]
Holder defended the legality of drone strikes against terrorists. Addressing the death of Anwar al-Aulaqi, an American citizen who was an alleged leader of and recruiter for al-Qaeda operating in Yemen, Holder said "The U.S. government's use of lethal force in self-defense against a leader of al-Qaeda or an associated force who presents an imminent threat of violent attack would not be unlawful." He outlined a three-part test to affirm the legality of the strikes: the terrorist poses an imminent threat of violence to the United States, capture is not possible and the operation is conducted in a manner consistent with the principles of the law of war.[45]
In April 2011, Holder announced that accused September 11 attack conspirators Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi Bin al-Shibh, Walid bin Attash, Ali Abdul Aziz Ali and Mustafa Ahmed al-Hawsawi would be tried by military commissions.[46] This decision was a reversal from Holder's position in 2009, when he had previously stated that he would bring the suspects to New York for trial.[47] Holder said that he believed the trials could have been held in New York or Virginia, but that Congress imposed restrictions on where the trial could be held, removing the decision from him.[48]
In July 2010, Holder flew to Kampala, Uganda, to address the Heads of State Summit of the African Union, where he discussed the Obama Administration's priorities with regards to Africa and the terrorist bombings in Kampala during the World Cup.[49][50] Holder vowed to work closer with officials in the African Union to stop terrorism, and he announced that the FBI would be providing a team of forensic specialists to help gather information about the attack, in the hopes of capturing the terrorists.[51]
Civil rights
Voting rights and redistricting
Holder is a staunch proponent of defending the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which was reauthorized in 2006 with bipartisan support. Holder has criticized new Voter ID laws in Texas, Florida and other states, which he suggests may be politically motivated. In 2011, Holder said, "The reality is that in jurisdictions across the country, both overt and subtle forms of discrimination remain all too common." He went on to criticize Texas redistricting efforts, where the state had increased its population by four million people, most of whom are Latino, but the state had not allocated any new Congressional seats to represent Hispanic voters.[52]
Under Holder's tenure, the DOJ successfully sued Shelby County, Alabama, for a violation of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act. The small town of Calera had re-drawn the city council districts without receiving pre-clearance from the DOJ, which is required by Section 5 in order to ensure that Southern states do not use such tactics to weaken political representation for minority communities. For local elections, Calera had divided the African-American part of town, submerging it into two other districts, and eliminating the city's sole African-American councilman. Calera responded by arguing that the process of pre-clearance with the DOJ should no longer be required. On September 21, 2011, the federal district court upheld the constitutionality of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, but the decision was overturned by the Supreme Court in Shelby County v. Holder, which effectively struck down Section 5 of the act.
In May 2012, with over a dozen states pushing new voter identification laws, Holder stated that he believed these new laws would hamper the ability of the elderly, students and minorities to vote. Regarding voting rights, he said, "for the first time in our [lifetimes], we are failing to live up to one of our most noble ideals." Holder pledged that the DOJ would act "aggressively" in fighting these new laws. He went on to say that "We have to honor the generations that took extraordinary risks" to achieve the right to vote.[53]
In a speech before the NAACP in July 2012, Holder went on to say that the Texas voter ID laws were a "political pretext to disenfranchise American citizens of their most precious right."[54] Holder compared the practices of these states to those in the era of Jim Crow segregation. Holder said, "Many of those without IDs would have to travel great distances to get them – and some would struggle to pay for the documents they might need to obtain them. We call those poll taxes.".[55]
In April 2013, Holder vowed to continue to enforce federal voting rights laws within the scope of his power, regardless of how the United States Supreme Court decided in the pending case regarding voting rights.[56][57]
Arizona SB 1070
In May 2010, Holder expressed concerns over reports he had received regarding "Arizona's tough new immigration law". He said that he feared that the law might "lead to racial profiling". Holder received criticism on the political right for criticizing the law before he had read it in its entirety.[58][59]
However, in July 2010, after the DOJ reviewed the law, Holder filed suit against Arizona on the grounds that the state law is preempted by federal law. Holder was quoted as saying, "I understand, first off, the frustration of the people of Arizona and the concerns that they have with regard to the amount of illegal immigration that occurs, but the solution that the Arizona legislature came up with is inconsistent with our federal Constitution."[60]
The controversial law was litigated before the US Supreme Court, and in June 2012, the majority of provisions were struck down. Holder said that although he was pleased that much of the law had been struck down, he remained concerned over the burden it might place on local law enforcement to enforce federal immigration law and the possibility that it might be used to discriminate against the Latino community. He vowed to continue to monitor the impact of the law.[61]
Holder has also stated that he supports comprehensive immigration reform, adding that it is a "matter of civil rights and human rights."[62]
Same-sex marriage
In February 2011, Holder announced that the DOJ would no longer defend cases involving the Defense of Marriage Act in court. Holder had recommended this course of action to the President, arguing that the Defense of Marriage Act was unconstitutional, as laws that prohibit the marriage of gay couples do not meet the legal principle of strict scrutiny. Holder cited changing law in support of his action: "Much of the legal landscape has changed in the 15 years since Congress passed DOMA. The Supreme Court has ruled that laws criminalizing homosexual conduct are unconstitutional. Congress has repealed the military's Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy. Several lower courts have ruled DOMA itself to be unconstitutional." This decision was prompted by legal deadlines in two federal cases in Connecticut and New York, where same-sex married couples argued that DOMA's ban on federal benefits to those in gay marriages approved by the individual states, violates the Constitution's requirement of equal treatment.[63][64]
In February 2012, Holder reaffirmed his position and stated that the DOJ would not defend DOMA in a legal challenge brought by members of the US military, who were seeking benefits for their same-sex spouses, including: medical insurance, visitation rights in military hospitals and survivor benefits.[65]
Holder has also advocated for the interests of the 36,000 same-sex partnerships where Americans are in relationships with non-US citizens. In May 2011, Holder set aside the decision to deport Paul Dorman, an Irish man who was in a same-sex partnership with a New Jersey citizen. Holder then asked immigration officials to reconsider their decision in order to determine whether Dorman can be considered a spouse under New Jersey law and whether Dorman would be considered a spouse under immigration law were it not for the Defense of Marriage Act. This action prompted some other immigration judges to halt the deportation proceeds of other foreigners in same-sex couples.[66][67]
Crime and prosecutions
In 2009, Holder announced and oversaw the federal government spending of $1 billion in grants to law enforcement agencies in every state to pay for the hiring of police officers. The money comes from the stimulus bill the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and covered the salaries of 4,699 law enforcement officers for three years.[68] [69]
On April 1, 2009, Holder announced that he had ordered the dismissal of the indictment against former Senator Ted Stevens on corruption charges. Stevens had been found guilty, but hadn't been sentenced; Holder's action effectively vacated Stevens' conviction. Holder was reportedly very angry that the prosecutors had withheld potentially exculpatory evidence from Stevens' attorneys. After the prosecutors had been held in contempt of court for failing to turn over required documents, Holder replaced the entire trial team. Soon afterward, the Justice Department discovered a previously undocumented interview with Bill Allen, the prosecution's star witness. In this interview, Allen gave statements that directly contradicted his testimony at trial, including a claim that he'd been asked to get a note for a repair bill on his house. By nearly all accounts, Holder wanted to send a message that he would not tolerate any behavior he deemed to be prosecutorial misconduct.[70]
In 2010, in the run up to the referendum on California Proposition 19, which would have legalized marijuana use for personal recreation, Holder stated that the DOJ would continue to prosecute individuals on the federal level for possession of marijuana even if voters approved a ballot measure.[71] However, in the run up to the successful marijuana legalization referendums on Colorado Amendment 64 and Washington Initiative 502 in 2012, Holder and the Department of Justice remained silent on how they would respond if the ballot measures were enacted by voters. On November 6, 2012, Colorado Amendment 64 and Washington Initiative 502 were passed with 55.3% and 55.7% of the votes respectively. This would lead to a new memo released by Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole on August 29, 2013.[72] The memo instructed all United States Attorneys to not focus limited prosecutorial resources on state-authorized marijuana related activities, provided they follow eight priorities laid out by the Department of Justice.[73]
On January 20, 2011, the FBI arrested 127 members of Cosa Nostra in New York City. Holder spoke at a press conference afterwards, celebrating the largest mafia sting in United States history.[74]
Under Holder's leadership, the Department of Justice has brought six leak-related prosecutions against current or former U.S. government employees, while all previous Presidential administrations combined had tried a total of three such cases. Holder was reportedly "surprised" by news reports pointing out this statistic, and was said to have told associates he did not wish leak prosecutions to be his legacy.[75] Several prominent leak prosecutions under Holder have involved communications between criminal defendants and journalists, and the pervasive use of traceable electronic communications between journalists and their sources provided the prosecution with a tool to determine the potential origin of published information.[76] Under Holder, the Justice Department has legally argued that journalists have no legal protection to maintain the confidentiality of their sources, and can be compelled by the government to reveal them, or potentially face criminal contempt charges.[77]
Department of Justice Smart on Crime Program
On 12 August 2013, at the American Bar Association's House of Delegates meeting, Holder announced the "Smart on Crime" program, which is "a sweeping initiative by the Justice Department that in effect renounces several decades of tough-on-crime anti-drug legislation and policies."[78][79] Holder said the program "will encourage U.S. attorneys to charge defendants only with crimes "for which the accompanying sentences are better suited to their individual conduct, rather than excessive prison terms more appropriate for violent criminals or drug kingpins…"[78][79] Running through Holder's statements, the increasing economic burden of over-incarceration was stressed.[78][79] As of August 2013[update], the Smart on Crime program is not a legislative initiative but an effort "limited to the DOJ's policy parameters."[78][78][79]
Additional actions
When questioned about weapons regulations during a news conference to announce the arrest of Mexican drug cartel members, Holder stated that the Obama administration would seek to re-institute the expired Federal Assault Weapons Ban, which he strongly supports.[80][81]
After the U.S. government filed suit against the Swiss bank UBS AG, whom Holder had represented during his time in private practice, the attorney general recused himself from all legal matters concerning the bank, which stands accused of conspiracy in U.S. tax fraud.[82][83]
Holder presented friend and predecessor Janet Reno, Attorney General under the Clinton Administration, the American Judicature Society's (AJS) Justice Award on April 17, 2009. The award is the highest given by the AJS, and recognizes significant contributions toward improvements in the administration of justice within the United States.[84]
After the United States diplomatic cables leak in December 2010, Holder said that "We have an active, ongoing, criminal investigation with regard to this matter," Holder said. "We are not in a position as yet to announce the result of that investigation, but the investigation is—is ongoing. To the extent that we can find anybody who was involved in the breaking of American law and who has put at risk the assets and the people that I have described, they will be held responsible," Holder said. "They will be held accountable." Holder's comments leave open a crucial question, which is whether the investigators are looking at how WikiLeaks obtained the documents (not unlike probing a news organization's source), or if they're looking at whether WikiLeaks staffers violated criminal law and should be the ones indicted.[85]
In March 2011 Holder left open the possibility that the Guantánamo Bay prison camp might live on beyond President Obama's first term. Asked in a congressional hearing whether the prison would be closed by November 2012, Holder said: "I don't know". He said the Justice Department has established a task force to look at each of the 172 detainees being held at the Guantánamo prison to address how they should be dealt with. Holder's comments come just weeks after CIA Director Leon Panetta told a Senate panel that Osama bin Laden would probably be shipped to and held at the Guantánamo Bay facility if he were captured.[86]
In December 8th 2014, Holder unveiled a new policy banning profiling on the basis of religion, gender, national origin, sexual orientation, and gender identity by federal law enforcement agencies.[87] However, the new policy will not apply to screenings at border and airport, as well as in intelligence operations.[88]
Opinion of Bush policies
During his confirmation hearings, Holder agreed with Senator Patrick Leahy, Democrat of Vermont, that a technique used by U.S. interrogators under the Bush administration known as waterboarding is torture.[89] Consequently, Senate Republicans delayed the confirmation vote on Holder though Senate Democrats accused them of applying a double standard.[90] He has been critical of Enhanced interrogation techniques and the NSA warrantless surveillance program, accusing the Bush administration of a "disrespect for the rule of law... [that is] not only wrong, it is destructive in our struggle against terrorism."[91]
Holder has stated that he favors closing the Guantanamo Bay detention camp; in 2002 he said that the detainees are not technically entitled to Geneva Convention protections.[92][93]
He is opposed to the Bush administration's implementation of the Patriot Act, saying it is "bad ultimately for law enforcement and will cost us the support of the American people."[94][95]
Holder gave a speech on racism on February 18, 2009, in the midst of Black History Month. "Though this nation has proudly thought of itself as an ethnic melting pot in things racial, we have always been, and we, I believe, continue to be, in too many ways, essentially a nation of cowards," said Holder. "Though race-related issues continue to occupy a significant portion of our political discussion, and though there remain many unresolved racial issues in this nation, we, average Americans, simply do not talk enough with each other about things racial," he said.[96]
The speech stirred some controversy, with some reacting favorably to Holder's comments and others sharply criticizing them.[97][98] Obama later clarified Holder's comments, saying that "I think it's fair to say that if I had been advising my attorney general, we would have used different language.... I think the point that he was making is that we're oftentimes uncomfortable with talking about race until there's some sort of racial flare-up or conflict, and that we could probably be more constructive in facing up to the painful legacy of slavery and Jim Crow and discrimination."[99][100]
Federal hate crime charges in knockout game
On December 26, 2013, the U.S. Department of Justice filed federal hate-crime charges against a Texas man (who is white) accused of using the "knockout game" to target a black man. This was the first action taken by the Federal government to combat the alleged trend.[101]
New Black Panther Party voter intimidation incident
In May 2009, Holder's Department of Justice completed a civil suit originally brought by J. Christian Adams of the Bush Justice Department against the New Black Panther Party, its chairman, and two of its members for voter intimidation due to their conduct during the 2008 election. Two members of the Party had stood outside a polling station during the election in paramilitary uniforms, one carrying a nightstick. Claiming a lack of evidence, the Department of Justice dropped charges against the party, its chairman, and one of the two members who had stood outside the polling station. With the evidence presented, the Department of Justice successfully obtained a narrow injunction against the other. Former lawyers who had served under the Bush Administration have stated that the current DOJ under Holder is unwilling to prosecute minorities for civil rights violations. Three other Justice Department lawyers, in recent interviews, gave the same description of the department's culture, which department officials strongly deny. In the months after the case ended, tensions persisted. Eventually, Christopher Coates (of the Justice's Civil Rights Division) acknowledged telling attorneys at a September 2009 lunch that the Obama administration was interested in filing cases – under a key voting rights section – only on behalf of minorities.[102]
During a meeting with a House subcommittee, Holder argued that the behavior (standing in a menacing way while brandishing a weapon) of the New Black Panther Party was not comparable to historical voter intimidation against minorities, which often involved acts of violence and murder. Holder said, "When you compare what people endured in the South in the '60s to try to get the right to vote for African Americans, to compare what people subjected to that with what happened in Philadelphia… I think does a great disservice to people who put their lives on the line for my people."[103]
Critics have interpreted this comment as evidence of racial bias on Holder's part, with conservative James Taranto[104] of the Wall Street Journal arguing that "If he [Holder] approaches the job with the attitude that any group smaller than all Americans is 'my people', he is the wrong man for the position."[105] Claiming the issue was politicized from the start,[102] Democrats[who?] have argued that those on the political right, particularly Adams, used this incident for purely political gain.[106]
Operation Fast and Furious
In May 2011, House Oversight Committee chairman, California Republican Rep. Darrell Issa and Iowa Republican Sen. Chuck Grassley sent Attorney General Holder a letter requesting details about Operation Fast and Furious, which had been a failed federal firearms sting operation, which had allowed some 2,000 weapons to reach Mexican drug gangs.[107][108] Grassley and Issa urged Holder to cooperate and turn over subpoenaed records that would reveal the scope of the alleged government coverup.[109]
Contempt of Congress
In October 2011, 7,600 pages of documents were released that Issa claimed may have indicated Holder was sent memos in regard to Operation Fast and Furious earlier than he at first claimed,[110][111] contradicting Holder's sworn testimony before the House Judiciary Committee in which he said he only recently became aware of Operation Fast and Furious in the first half of 2011.[112][113] In April 2012, Issa announced that his committee was drafting a Contempt of Congress resolution against Holder in response to the committee being "stonewalled by the Justice Department."[114] On June 19, 2012, Issa met with Holder in person to discuss the requested documents. Holder said he offered to provide the documents to Issa on the condition that Issa provided his assurance that doing so would satisfy the committee subpoenas and resolve the dispute. Issa rejected the offer. Holder then told reporters "They rejected what I thought was an extraordinary offer on our part."[115] On June 20, 2012, the Oversight Committee voted 23–17 along party lines to hold Holder in contempt of Congress for not releasing documents the committee had requested.[116] A memo from Holder's office said of the vote: "It's an election-year tactic intended to distract attention."[117]
Although this vote was not directly relevant to gun legislation, the National Rifle Association announced that they would be scoring the contempt vote, due to Holder's previous stances on gun control legislation, placing political pressure on Democrats that wished to avoid repercussions from the gun lobby.[118] On June 28, 2012, Holder became the first U.S. Attorney General in history to be held in both criminal[119] and civil[120] contempt. He was held, by a bipartisan vote,[121] in contempt by the House of Representatives in a 255–67 vote, with 17 Democrats voting for the measure, 2 Republicans voting against the measure.[121] The remaining Democrats refused to vote and marched out of the House, led by Nancy Pelosi, as a means of protesting the actions of Republicans. Holder responded to the vote, describing it as "the regrettable culmination of what became a misguided and politically motivated investigation in an election year."[122]
The congressional action evoked reactions from across the political spectrum. Texas governor and Republican presidential candidate Rick Perry called on Holder to resign, stating "America simply cannot tolerate an attorney general who arms the very criminals he is supposed to protect us from".[123] Republican Sen. John Cornyn, ranking member of the Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees and Border Security also called on Holder to resign.[124] Among those opposing the contempt citation, Democratic Rep. Elijah Cummings, the ranking member on the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform said, "Holder has acted honorably; he's done everything he could to allow us to do our job, which is to investigate this matter."[125]
President Obama and the Justice Department declined to prosecute the attorney general on the contempt charge citing executive privilege.[126]
In September 2012, after a nineteen month review, the United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General cleared the Attorney General of any wrongdoing with regard to Fast and Furious, stating that there was "no evidence" that Holder knew about the operation before early 2011. The report did cite fourteen lower ranking officials for possible disciplinary action.[127] Holder responded to the internal investigation, saying "It is unfortunate that some were so quick to make baseless accusations before they possessed the facts about these operations – accusations that turned out to be without foundation and that have caused a great deal of unnecessary harm and confusion."[128]
In retrospective, David Weigel of Bloomberg Businessweek called the Contempt of Congress vote "both popular and stunningly ineffective, enraging Holder and turning him into a more outspoken and implacable foe of Republican policies on voting rights and policing".[129] In August 2014, federal judge Amy Berman Jackson ordered the Justice Department to provide Congress with some of the previously withheld documents that had led Congress to hold Holder in contempt.[130]
Operation Choke Point
Operation Choke Point is an ongoing initiative of the United States Department of Justice that was announced in 2013,[131] which is investigating banks in the United States and the business they do with payment processors, payday lenders, and other companies believed to be at higher risk for fraud, money laundering, and terrorist financing. This operation, first disclosed in August 2013 Wall Street Journal story [132] is controversial for the potential threat to due process; the government is pressuring the financial industry to cut off the companies' access to banking services, without first having shown that the targeted companies are violating the law.[133][134][135][136]
Refusal to prosecute financial institutions
On March 6, 2013, Holder testified to the Senate Judiciary Committee that the size of large financial institutions has made it difficult for the Justice Department to bring criminal charges when they are suspected of crimes, because such charges can threaten the existence of a bank and therefore their interconnectedness may endanger the national or global economy. "Some of these institutions have become too large," Holder told the Committee, "It has an inhibiting impact on our ability to bring resolutions that I think would be more appropriate."[137][138]
In a January 29, 2013 letter to Holder, Senators Sherrod Brown and Charles Grassley had criticized this Justice Department policy citing "important questions about the Justice Department's prosecutorial philosophy."[139] After receipt of a DoJ response letter, Brown and Grassley issued a statement saying, "The Justice Department's response is aggressively evasive. It does not answer our questions. We want to know how and why the Justice Department has determined that certain financial institutions are 'too big to jail' and that prosecuting those institutions would damage the financial system."[140][141]
Holder has financial ties to at least one law firm benefiting from de facto immunity to prosecution.[142] Prosecution rates against crimes by large financial institutions are at 20-year lows.[142] Holder has also endorsed the notion that prosecutors, when deciding to pursue white-collar crimes, should give special consideration to "collateral consequences" of bringing charges against large corporate institutions, as outlined in a 1999 memorandum by Holder. Nearly a decade later Holder, as head of the Department of Justice, put this into practice and has demonstrated the weight "collateral consequences" has by repeatedly sought and reached deferred prosecution and non-prosecution agreements and settlements with large financial institutions such as J.P. Morgan Chase, HSBC, Countrywide Mortgage, Wells Fargo, Goldman Sachs, and others where the institution pays a fine or penalty but faces no criminal charges and admits no wrongdoing.[143][144] Whereas in the previous decade the Bush administration's Department of Justice often sought criminal charges against individuals of large institutions regardless of "collateral consequences" such as cases involving Enron, Adelphia Communications Corporation, Tyco International, and others.In September 2014, he described the department's rationale in a speech at New York University:
"Responsibility remains so diffuse, and top executives so insulated," Holder said, "that any misconduct could again be considered more a symptom of the institution's culture than a result of the willful actions of any single individual." [145]
Classified leaks investigations
On May 13, 2013, the Associated Press announced telephone records for 20 of their reporters during a two-month period in 2012, had been seized by the Justice Department. They described these acts as a "massive and unprecedented intrusion" into news-gathering operations.[146][147] Holder testified under oath in front of the House Judiciary Committee and made it clear he recused himself from the leak investigations to avoid any appearance of a conflict of interest. Holder said his Deputy Attorney General, James Cole, was in charge of the AP investigation and would've ordered the subpoenas.[148] When questioning turned to possibility of journalists being charged under the Espionage Act for reporting classified material, Holder stated: "With regard to the potential prosecution of the press for the disclosure of material, that is not something that I've ever been involved in, heard of or would think would be a wise policy."[149]
It was later reported the DOJ monitored Fox News reporter, James Rosen's activities by tracking his visits to the State Department, through phone traces, timing of calls and his personal emails.[150] NBC confirmed with the Justice Department that Holder had personally signed off on the Rosen subpoenas. They defended their decision and spoke about a balance between protecting national secrets and the 1st Amendment, stating: "After extensive deliberations, and after following all applicable laws, regulations and policies, the Department sought an appropriately tailored search warrant under the Privacy Protection Act."[149] The revelation brought into question whether Holder was being intentionally misleading during his previous testimony. House Committee members sent an open letter to Holder, saying: "It is imperative that the committee, the Congress, and the American people be provided a full and accurate account of your involvement."[151]
Resolution proposing articles of impeachment
On November 14, 2013, Representative Pete Olson (R-TX), along with 19 Republicans, introduced a resolution proposing Articles of Impeachment against Holder. The Articles cited Holder for his alleged role in Operation Fast and Furious, refusal to defend the Defense of Marriage Act in court, failing to prosecute anyone involved in the IRS targeting of groups based on name and political theme, and for allegedly perjuring himself by stating that he had no knowledge of any potential prosecution of members of the media for disclosure of classified material.[152][153] As of June 2014, there were 26 co-sponsors to the bill.[154]
Holder announced his resignation on September 25, 2014, citing personal reasons. He remained in office until the Senate confirmed his successor, Loretta Lynch.[43][155][156]
Personal life
Holder is married to Sharon Malone, an obstetrician. The couple has three children.[157] Malone's sister was Vivian Malone Jones, famous for her part in the Stand in the Schoolhouse Door which led to integration at the University of Alabama.[158] Holder has been involved with various mentoring programs for inner-city youths. He is also an avid basketball fan,[159] and the uncle of former NBA All-Star Jeff Malone.[28]
In May 2008, while still in private practice, Legal Times magazine named Holder as one of the "Greatest Washington Lawyers of the Past 30 Years," describing Holder as one of the "Visionaries."[160] Also in that year, Holder was named by the National Law Journal as one of "the 50 Most Influential Minority Lawyers in America."[161] The National Law Journal commended Holder's practice in the areas of civil litigation and white-collar defense, as well as his work as a national co-chair for Obama's campaign.[162]
In June 2009 the Government of Barbados announced that it would begin a project to determine the first 100 Great Barbadians which would be selected among the public of Barbados. At the announcement of the project it was announced that Holder was the first candidate to be nominated toward the final list.[163]
On May 16, 2010, Holder delivered the commencement address at Boston University, for both the all-university ceremony and the School of Law. In addition, he was presented with an honorary Doctor of Laws degree.[164] On May 22, 2011, Holder delivered the commencement address at the University of Virginia School of Law. Holder encouraged the graduates to emulate Virginia Law alumnus Robert F. Kennedy's legacy of service.[165] On May 19, 2009, Holder was chosen by his alma mater, Columbia College, to be its Class Day Speaker.[166]
In August 2012, the National Urban League named Holder as a recipient of their "Living Legend" award along with singer Stevie Wonder.[167]
In May 2012, Holder delivered the commencement address at Harvard Law School. He encouraged them to continue to engage in public service and that they should use their skills to shape the future of the nation.[168]
In May 2013, Holder delivered the commencement address at U.C. Berkeley School of Law.[169]
See also
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- ^ Johnson, Carrie (February 3, 2009). "Holder Confirmed As the First Black Attorney General: Nominee Overcame Objections in GOP". The Washington Post. p. A02. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
- ^ Pilkington, Ed (June 28, 2012). "Eric Holder held in contempt of Congress after historic vote". The Guardian (London).
- ^ Devaney, Tim; McCabe, David (April 27, 2015). "Lynch sworn in as attorney general". The Hill. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
- ^ a b Johnston, David (November 11, 2008). "Eric H. Holder, Jr." (SERIES). The New York Times. The New Team. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ Best, Tony (November 16, 2008). "Obama's AG may be Bajan". Local News (Barbados: Nation Newspaper). Retrieved November 18, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Johnston, David (November 12, 2008). "Eric H. Holder Jr.". The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
- ^ "Social Security Death Index [database on-line]". United States: The Generations Network. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ a b Best, Tony (June 8, 2008). "Obama getting help from Bajan son". Local News (Barbados: Nation Newspaper). Retrieved November 11, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g Longstreth, Andrew (June 2008). "Making History With Obama" (COVER STORY). Making History. The American Lawyer. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
- ^ Tucker-Hamilton, Racine; Hickey, Matthew (December 17, 2004). "Interview with Eric H. Holder, Jr." (INTERVIEW). Oral history project (The History Makers). Retrieved November 18, 2008.
- ^ "Attorney General Eric Holder was 'armed' when he took part in protest at Columbia and occupied a school office for FIVE days - Daily Mail Online". Mail Online.
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/01/nyregion/01holder.html?pagewanted=all
- ^ "Hope. Change. Reality.".
- ^ "Attorney General Eric Holder Delivers Remarks at Columbia College Commencement - OPA - Department of Justice".
- ^ "Our History : Black Students Organization".
- ^ "Daily Caller: As College Student, Eric Holder Participated in 'Armed' Takeover of Former Columbia U ROTC Office". Fox Nation.
- ^ a b Lewis, Neil A. (June 2, 1994). "Indictment of a Congressman: the Legal Case; Prosecutor No Stranger To Corruption in Politics" (ARTICLE). The New York Times. U.S. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ a b Memmott, A. James (June 5, 2008). "Obama picks Caroline Kennedy, Holder, Johnson to lead Vice-Presidential candidate search". Muckety. Retrieved June 29, 2008.
- ^ "Nominee Confirmed For Deputy Position at the Justice Dept.". Archives. July 18, 1997. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
- ^ Lewis, Neil A. (June 14, 1997). "Justice Dept. Nominee Faces Questions but No Strong Opposition" (ARTICLE). The New York Times. U.S. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
- ^ "Federal Probe of Salt Lake Olympic Bid Pretty Wide". CNN. February 18, 1999.
- ^ "Hate Crimes Legislation Introduced in Congress". CNN. March 12, 1999.
- ^ "Holder Faces Grilling on Marc Rich Pardon". CNN. February 8, 2001.
- ^ Yost, Pete (November 19, 2008). "Marc Rich pardon controversy just won't die" (ARTICLE). Google News. Associated Press. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
- ^ Cowan, Alison Leigh (March 13, 2002). "Marc Rich Panel Says Top Justice Dept. Aide Held Information on Rich's Pardon" (ARTICLE). The New York Times. U.S. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
- ^ "Former FBI Director: Holder was "used" in Rich Pardon". CNN. January 16, 2009.
- ^ "Ashcroft Settles In". Politics (CBS News). February 2, 2001. Retrieved June 29, 2008.
- ^ a b Hook, Carol S. (November 19, 2008). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Eric Holder" (ARTICLE). U.S. News & World Report. Nation & World: Politics. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
- ^ Leonnig, Carol D. (August 2, 2007). "In Terrorism-Law Case, Chiquita Points to U.S.". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
- ^ a b Gray, Kevin (October 2007). "The Banana War". International News. Condé Nast Portfolio. Retrieved November 14, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Fusco, Chris (December 17, 2008). "Holder omitted Blagojevich link from questionnaire" (ARTICLE). Metro. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
- ^ Joe Palazzolo Some Justice Department Lawyers Have Gitmo Conflicts March 2, 2009 Legal Times
- ^ "Holder cites conflict of interest". Associated Press. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
- ^ Holder, Eric. "Attorney General Eric Holder Speaks at the UBS Press Conference". United States Department of Justice. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
- ^ "Brief for Former Department of Justice Officials as Amici Curiae Supporting Petitioners" (PDF). American Bar Association.
- ^ Nakamura, David; Barnes, Robert (March 10, 2007). "D.C.'s Ban on Handguns in Homes Is Thrown Out" (ARTICLE). The Washington Post. Metro: Special Reports. p. A01. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ change.gov (December 1, 2008). "Key members of Obama-Biden national security team announced" (PRESS RELEASE). Newsroom. Office of the President-elect. Retrieved December 1, 2008.
- ^ Rhee, Foon (December 1, 2008). "Obama names national security team" (ARTICLE). Boston Globe. News. Retrieved December 1, 2008.
- ^ "Obama Nominates Eric Holder as Nation's Top Law Enforcement Official". PBS. December 1, 2008.
- ^ Presidential Nomination PN64-07-111, 111th Congress, January 20, 2009
- ^ Judiciary Panel Approves Holder's Nomination, The New York Times, January 28, 2009,
- ^ Lewis, Neil A. (February 2, 2002). "Holder Is Confirmed as Attorney General". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Wilber, Del Quentin; Schoenberg, Tom (September 25, 2014). "Holder Said to Plan to Resignation as Attorney General". Bloomberg News. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
- ^ "Bin Laden Death 'Not Assassination' – Eric Holder". BBC News. May 12, 2011.
- ^ "Holder: When War on Terror Targets Americans". March 5, 2012.
- ^ "Accused 9/11 Terror Suspects to Face Military Trials". CNN. April 4, 2011.
- ^ Terry Frieden, Chris Kokenes (November 13, 2009). "Accused 9/11 plotter Khalid Sheikh Mohammed faces New York trial". CNN.
- ^ "Holder Refers 9/11 Co-conspirators to Military Tribunal". Department of Defense. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
- ^ "US Attorney General to Address African Union Summit.". AFP news. July 23, 2010.
- ^ "Attorney General Holder at the African Union Summit". Justice.gov. July 25, 2010. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ "Remarks by Attorney General at African Union Summit".
- ^ Estrin, Elana (December 14, 2011). "Holder Delivers Voting Rights Speech". Huffington Post.
- ^ "Voting Rights Are Under Attack Says Attorney General". May 31, 2012.
- ^ "Holder Tells NAACP Texas Voter ID Laws Hurt Minorities". USA Today. July 10, 2012.
- ^ "Holder Revs Up NAACP Meeting". Politico.com. July 10, 2012.
- ^ "Eric Holder: Supreme Court decision won't stop voting rights enforcement". CNN. April 4, 2013.
- ^ Reilly, Ryan J. (April 4, 2013). "Eric Holder: Martin Luther King Jr. 'Would Not Yet Be Satisfied' With Voting Rights". Huffington Post.
- ^ Markon, Jerry (May 14, 2010). "Holder Is Criticized for Comments on Ariz. Immigration Law, Which He Hasn't Read". The Washington Post.
- ^ Dinan, Stephen (May 13, 2010). "Holder Hasn't Read Arizona Law He Criticized". The Washington Times.
- ^ "Holder: Ariz. Law Inconsistent with Federal Law". CBS News. July 10, 2010.
- ^ http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/June/12-ag-801.html |publisher= US Department of Justice | date=June 25, 2012
- ^ http://atlantablackstar.com/2013/04/27/eric-holder-citizenship-for-illegal-immigrants-is-a-matter-of-civil-and-human-rights/%7C date=April 24, 2013
- ^ "Statement of the Attorney General on Litigation Involving the Defense of Marriage Act". U.S. Department of Justice. Office of the Attorney General. February 23, 2011. Archived from the original on September 26, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
- ^ "Obama Administration Will No Longer Defend DOMA". CBS News. February 23, 2011. Archived from the original on February 24, 2011.
- ^ "AG Holder: DOJ Won't Defend a Challenge to DOMA Brought by Members of Military". ABC News. February 17, 2012.
- ^ "Deportation of Citizen's Same-Sex Partner Canceled". Fox News. June 30, 2011.
- ^ "Holder Intervenes in Gay Man's Deportation Case". Fox News Channel. June 30, 2011.
- ^ "US to Provide $1 billion to Hire cops". CNN. July 28, 2009.
- ^ "Grants and Resources for Community Policing". July 28, 2009.
- ^ Totenberg, Nina (April 1, 2009). "Justice Dept. Seeks To Void Stevens' Conviction". NPR. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Attorney General Holder Opposes California Marijuana Bill". Reuters. October 16, 2010.
- ^ Cole memo
- ^ "Feds won't challenge Washington's pot law". The Seattle Times. August 29, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
- ^ Alex Spillius (January 20, 2011). "FBI arrests 127 'mobsters' in biggest ever crackdown in New York". The Telegraph (London). Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
- ^ Savage, Charlie (June 19, 2012). "Administration Took Accidental Path to Setting Record for Leak Cases". The New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
- ^ Liptak, Adam (February 11, 2012). "A High-Tech War on Leaks". The New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
- ^ Aftergood, Steven (February 29, 2012). "There is No Reporter's Privilege, Leak Prosecutors Insist". Federation of American Scientists Secrecy news. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Carter, Terry (12 August 2013). "Sweeping reversal of the War on Drugs announced by Atty General Holder". ABA's 560-member policy making House of Delegates. American Bar Association. p. 1. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Smart on Crime: Reforming The Criminal Justice System" (PDF). Remarks to American Bar Association's Annual Convention in San Francisco, CA. US Department of Justice. August 12, 2013. p. 7. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
- ^ Lang, Brent (February 26, 2009). "Holder Revives Talk of an Assault Weapons Ban". CBS News.
- ^ Lang, Lang (February 26, 2009). "Holder Revives Talk of an Assault Weapons Ban". CBS News. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
- ^ "UBS bank listed among Holder ex-clients". The Seattle Times. January 27, 2009.
- ^ Mikkelsen, Randall (March 2, 2009). "U.S., Swiss justice officials meet amid UBS probe". Reuters.
- ^ "Holder to Present Reno with AJS's Justice Award" Palazzolo, Joe. The BLT:The Blog of Legal Times. April 17, 2009. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
- ^ McCullagh, Declan (November 29, 2010). "AG says WikiLeaks criminal probe is 'ongoing'". CNET. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ Yager, Jordy. "Gitmo may stay open beyond 2012". Thehill.com. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/holder-unveils-revisions-limits-profiling-federal-law-enforcement-n263661
- ^ http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/08/us/new-profiling-laws/index.html?hpt=hp_t2
- ^ "Holder: "Waterboarding is torture"". MSNBC. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ Grim, Ryan (February 21, 2009). "Senate Republicans Delay Holder Confirmation". Huffington Post.
- ^ Tuohey, Jason (November 18, 2008). "Holder on Bush, executive power" (ARTICLE). Boston Globe. News. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
- ^ Tapper, Jake (November 18, 2008). "Holder v Bush on War on Terror Tactics" (BLOG). Political Punch (ABC News). Retrieved November 23, 2008.
- ^ "CFR Profile of Eric Holder". Cfr.org. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ "White House, Woodward Clash Over Allegations of Oil Price Fixing With Saudis, Critics Find Fault with Patriot Act" (TRANSCRIPT). Judy Woodruff's Inside Politics (CNN). April 19, 2004. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ Greenwald, Glenn (November 19, 2008). "Preliminary facts and thoughts about Eric Holder" (BLOG). Glenn Greenwald's Unclaimed Territory (Salon). Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ "Remarks as Prepared for Delivery by Attorney General Eric Holder at the Department of Justice African American History Month Program". U.S. Department of Justice. February 18, 2009.
- ^ Mitchell, Mary (February 19, 2009). "Attorney General Eric Holder's race speech stirs debate". Chicago Sun-Times.
- ^ Hornick, Ed (February 19, 2009). "Holder 'nation of cowards' remarks blasted, praised". CNN.
- ^ "Obama Discusses Holder's 'Cowards' Remark". CNN. March 7, 2009.
- ^ Cooper, Helene (March 7, 2009). "Attorney General Chided for Language on Race". The New York Times.
- ^ "Feds charge white man with hate crime in first 'knockout' prosecution". The Washington Times. December 26, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
- ^ a b "Dispute over New Black Panthers case causes deep divisions". The Washington Post, October 22, 2010.
- ^ "Holder says experiences of 'my people' not similar to contemporary voter intimidation". The Daily Caller, March 3, 2011.
- ^ Randall, Eric (July 6, 2012). "James Taranto: Why Is This Man HAHAHA-ing?". The Wire. Archived from the original on March 1, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
- ^ "Eric Holder's People". The Wall Street Journal, March 2, 2011.
- ^ Gerstein, Josh (March 1, 2011). "Eric Holder: Black Panther case focus demeans 'my people'". Politico. Retrieved May 15, 2013.
- ^ Blum, Justin (July 6, 2011). "Congress Probes Payments to Gun Smugglers". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ "Project Gunrunner | Issa Grassley Letter". The Daily Caller. February 4, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ "Justice Department Obstructing 'Fast and Furious' Gun Probe, ATF Director Says". Fox News Channel. July 6, 2011.
- ^ "Memorandum to the Attorney General" (PDF). CBS News.
- ^ "Holder emails" (PDF). Retrieved February 14, 2012.
- ^ "Listen to Holder lying under sworn testimony starting at 01:30:12". C-spanvideo.org. May 3, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
- ^ Serrano, Richard A. (October 3, 2011). "Emails shows how top Justice Department officials knew of ATF gun program". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
- ^ "Issa, Chaffetz confirm contempt plans for Holder over Fast and Furious". Fox News Channel. April 27, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ "Issa: Holder must turn over documents or face contempt vote". CNN. June 19, 2012.
- ^ Madhani and Davis, Aamer and Susan (June 20, 2012). "House panel votes to cite Holder for contempt of Congress". USA Today. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
- ^ "Congress contempt charge for US Attorney General Holder". BBC. June 21, 2012. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
- ^ "Citing NRA Score, Democrats Brace For Defections in Holder Contempt Vote". NBC News. June 26, 2012.
- ^ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 441". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-06-29.
- ^ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 442". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-06-29.
- ^ a b "Congress' Eric Holder contempt vote: 4 takeaways". The Week (New York City, New York). June 29, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2014.
- ^ "House holds Holder in contempt". CNN. June 28, 2012.
- ^ Rick Perry (November 21, 2011). "Eric Holder must go". The Washington Times. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ "Senator calls for Holder's resignation amid challenges over leak probe, Fast and Furious". Fox News Channel. June 12, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ Rick Perry (June 19, 2012). "Elijah Cummings: Eric Holder Acted Honorably Eric Holder must go". Politico.
- ^ Bendery, Jennifer (June 29, 2012). "Eric Holder Won't Be Prosecuted For Contempt Charge, Jay Carney Says". Huffington Post.
- ^ "Fast and Furious: Eric Holder Cleared but 14 Faulted". BBC News. September 19, 2012.
- ^ Kevin Johnson (September 19, 2012). "Review: Holder did not know about 'Fast and Furious'". USA Today.
- ^ David Weigel (September 25, 2014). "Six People Who Can Replace Eric Holder and Save Barack Obama". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
- ^ Jake Miller (August 21, 2014). "Federal judge reopens "Fast and Furious" controversy". CBS News. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ^ "Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force Executive DirectorMichael J. Bresnickat the Exchequer Club of Washington, D.C. - OPA - Department of Justice".
- ^ Alan Zibel and Brent Kendall (August 8, 2013). "Probe Turns Up Heat on Banks". WSJ.
- ^ "'High risk' label from feds puts gun sellers in banks' crosshairs, hurts business". Washington Times. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
- ^ Silver-Greenberg, Jessica (January 26, 2014). "Justice Department Inquiry Takes Aim at Banks' Business With Payday Lenders". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- ^ Douglas, Danielle (April 16, 2014). "Operation Choke Point: The battle over financial data between the government and banks". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
- ^ Managing Risks in Third-Party Payment Processor Relationships, retrieved 11 May 2014
- ^ Mattingly, Phil (March 6, 2013). "Too-Big-to-Fail Banks Limit Prosecutor Options, Holder Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- ^ Holder, Eric (March 2013). "Testimony to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary". video. United States Senate. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
- ^ Breslow, Jason (March 5, 2013). "Senators Bash DOJ for "Evasive" Response on "Too Big To Jail"". Frontline. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
- ^ Senators Charles Grassley and Sherrod Brown (March 1, 2013). "Unsatisfactory Response from Justice Department on 'Too Big to Jail'". Retrieved March 18, 2013.
- ^ "Eric Holder Backtracks Remarks on "Too Big To Jail"". FRONTLINE.
- ^ a b Boyer, Peter J. (May 6, 2012). "Why Can't Obama Bring Wall Street to Justice?". The Daily Beast. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
- ^ ProPublica. "Your Guide to the Latest Efforts to Hold Big Banks Accountable". ProPublica.
- ^ "The Divide" Matt Taibbi. 2014.
- ^ "The $9 Billion Witness: Meet JPMorgan Chase's Worst Nightmare". Rolling Stone.
- ^ Sanchez, Raf (May 13, 2013). "US Justice Department secretly seizes Associated Press phone records". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved May 15, 2013.
- ^ "US government secretly obtained Associated Press phone records". The Guardian (London). May 13, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2013.
- ^ Curry, Tom. "Holder addresses AP leaks investigation, announces IRS probe". NBC News. Retrieved June 1, 2013.
- ^ a b Savage, Charlie; Weisman, Jonathan (May 29, 2013). "Holder Faces New Round of Criticism After Leak Inquiries". The New York Times. Retrieved June 1, 2013.
- ^ Marimow, Ann E. (May 20, 2013). "A rare peek into a Justice Department leak probe". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 20, 2013.
- ^ "House Republicans challenge Holder testimony on reporter surveillance". Fox News Channel. May 29, 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2013.
- ^ "H. RES. 411, Impeaching Eric H. Holder, Jr., Attorney General of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors" (PDF). November 14, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
- ^ "Twenty House Republicans call for Holder impeachment". The Hill. November 14, 2013. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
- ^ "H.Res. 411: Impeaching Eric H. Holder, Jr., Attorney General of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors". Retrieved June 9, 2014.
- ^ Thomas, Pierre; Levine, Mike; Date, Jack; Cloherty, Jack (September 25, 2014). "Obama Announces Attorney General Eric Holder's Resignation". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 25, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
- ^ Johnson, Carrie (April 24, 2015). "With Tears And Thanks, Attorney General Eric Holder Says Goodbye". NPR. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
- ^ "Eric H. Holder Jr.". Biographies. Covington & Burling LLP. June 15, 2008. Archived from the original on August 8, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
- ^ Holley, Joe (October 14, 2005). "Vivian Malone Jones Dies; Integrated U-Ala." (OBITUARIES). The Washington Post. Metro. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ Hook, Carol S. (November 19, 2008). "Politics.usnews.com". Politics.usnews.com. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ "Covington's Eizenstat, Gesell, Holder, Horsky and Ruff Among Legal Times' 'Greatest Washington Lawyers of Past 30 Years'". Covington & Burlington LLP. May 28, 2008.
- ^ "Diversity Overview". Covington & Burlington LLP.
- ^ "Two Covington Partners Among National Law Journal's 50 Most Influential Minority Lawyers". Covington & Burlington LLP.
- ^ "100 Great Barbadians to be recognised". Barbados Advocate. June 12, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2009.
- ^ "2010 BU Honorary Degree Recipients". BU Today. April 30, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ^ "Holder Urges Grads to Emulate Robert Kennedy's Legacy of Service". Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ^ Resmovits, Joy (March 10, 2009). "Holder Selected as Class Day Speaker". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
- ^ http://www.iamempowered.com/node/26346
- ^ "'Put your skills to use to define our future,' Attorney General tells class". Harvard Law School. May 23, 2012.
- ^ "University of California, Berkeley Law School Commencement Address". C-SPAN. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
Further reading
- "Black U.S. Attorney Brings an Indictment Against Powerful House Committee Chairman". Jet (Google Books). June 20, 1994. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
- Crabtree, Susan (April 28, 1997). "A New Sheriff at Justice". Insight on the News (Highbeam). Retrieved April 25, 2015.
- Haywood, Richette L. (September 1994). "First Black U.S. Attorney in D.C.". Ebony (Google Books). Retrieved April 25, 2015.
- Longstreth, Andrew (June 2008). "Making History". The American Lawyer. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008.
- Randolph, Laura B. (January 1999). "Power Couples". Ebony (Google Books): 35. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
- Lichtblau, Eric; David Johnston (December 1, 2008). "Pardon Is Back in Focus for the Justice Nominee". The New York Times. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
External links
Find more about
Eric Holder
at Wikipedia's sister projects
- Profile at the United States Department of Justice
- Eric Holder collected news and commentary at The Washington Post
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Eric Holder collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Works by or about Eric Holder in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Justice Department Bio of Holder as Deputy Attorney General at the Wayback Machine
- Contemporary Black Biography
- Covington & Burling
- The History Makers
- Homeland Security Policy Institute
- Eric Holder's federal campaign contribution report at NewsMeat
- Authenticated text, audio, video of Eric Holder Speech at the Department of Justice African American History Month Program AmericanRhetoric.com
|Legal offices
|Preceded by
Jamie Gorelick
|United States Deputy Attorney General
| Succeeded by
Larry Thompson
|Preceded by
Janet Reno
|United States Attorney General
| Succeeded by
John Ashcroft
|Preceded by
Michael Mukasey
|United States Attorney General
| Succeeded by
Loretta Lynch
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text:
Where did that come from? The question could refer to the fact that I am reviewing this album. It's not my usual fare by any means. Jo Hamilton sings in a breathy purr that can rise to a full voice belting vocal within the same song. She has a warm quality, and her voice is a great pop instrument. She could change the production and arrangements on some these songs ever so slightly, and have massive hits. But here, she preserves her individuality, and I value that.
"Where did that come from?" might be about the arrangements here. At first listen, most of the songs here seem fairly straightforward. Yes, there are dynamic shifts, beautifully executed, but the songs seem fairly consistent. But, listen closer, and you will notice instruments and sounds making their appearance in a song when least expected.
Finally, "Where did that come from?" might be about the album as a whole. I can hear the influence of Kate Bush in the first few songs. But then, there is a lovely ballad, Paradise, with a samba flavor to it. There is an almost R & B tune, but for the double tracked sax and clarinet part that almost sounds like avant-garde jazz. And towards the end, there is even a waltz. Amazingly, the album does not sound at all like an I-pod Shuffle gone mad. Hamilton ranges through a wide variety of musical styles, and she makes it all hang together and make sense.
Musically, the first song, Exist (Beyond My Wildest Dreams), is the wildest. I probably wouldn't have opened the album with it myself. Exist opens quietly, but soon swells into a fine dance groove, but then it almost completely falls apart. You almost have to imagine the beat until it reappears briefly later. And then it almost falls apart again, and reforms. This one makes the listener work, and it's worth it, but, as the lead track, it sets up the idea that the whole album is going to be like this. In fact, everything else on the album is far more accessible.
Pick Me Up follows, and is a much better example of how the album works. This one sets up a groove and stays with it. There is a backing vocal part which seems to pull the rhythm off, but actually only strengthens it. And Hamilton's lead vocal purrs on the verses and soars on the chorus.
Next is There It Is. This is a beautiful ballad, featuring acoustic guitar and stand-up bass, and again Hamilton shines on vocals. This is the first time on the album where she shows what she can do with a pure ballad.
I'm not going to go through the album song by song. This is enough to give you the idea. There are more grooves to be found. Hamilton also continues to shine on the ballads. And there are a few places where grooves and balladry are found in the same song. It all works. The textures vary throughout the album, making this a very satisfying listening experience.
For me, most of the lyrics do not stand out as much. Many of them strike me as sort of lyrical fortune cookies; they could be love songs or something else, but they are general enough to apply to any listener. The exceptions to this are all the more noticeable. In Paradise, and especially in Mekong Song, Hamilton evokes a very specific sense of place. In Mekong Song, I felt like I was on that boat on the river, listening to the gentle lapping of the water. I also like the way Hamilton captures the excitement of the beginning of spring in Winter is Over.
To conclude, Gown is a debut album by an artist who shows that she will be well worth keeping an ear out for. I will be very disappointed if Jo Hamilton decides to become a generic pop diva. But, if she continues to find her own voice and her own way, I look forward to the results.
Jo Hamilton: Pick Me Up
Jo Hamilton: Mekong Song
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Jo Hamilton - Gown
Posted by Darius at 3:14 AM
Labels: Album Review, Jo Hamilton
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I have been meaning to write a blog post about swimming with a toddler for a while. However, after going swimming a few days ago to Sandcastle Water Park I thought that I would write a generic and hopefully humorous post on coping as a single dad with the trauma of swimming!!
I found swimming one of my biggest challenges as a single dad. This is mainly as I lacked confidence to do it. So if by reading this, it inspires someone to go and give it a go with their child, then it has worked! Also, if you laugh/smile, it has worked as well!
Getting Ready
My main issue was the changing room, making sure that I had packed everything, unpacked everything etc etc! Dry space is your friend on this…who cares if things are not folded like a piece of origami – so long as it is dry!
I used to get us both ready in out swimming costumes before setting off to the baths as it is one less thing to forget. I tended to put Heidi's swimming nappy on just before going into the pool. Don't make my mistake of putting it on too early as they are not as easy to change and clean when they have been used!!!
So, getting into the pool is the easy bit, apart from playing the 'how can I put all our clothes in the locker while entertaining a child?' game?! Lockers are not designed for adult shoes, coats, bags or even baby items. It seems as though they only accept towels and money so you won't be the first or the last to shoulder barge your bags, shoes etc in while holding your child in the other arm. Not glamorous, but just get the job done!
Swimming with a Toddler
The swimming bit is actually the fun part, except you have probably got a dead arm at this point. Remember though, a child in water weighs less so you can reminisce about how light your child was back when they were born as your arm recovers and you worry about if you put everything in the locker!!
You are also petrified about not being in contact with your child for the fear of drowning in an instant. You also start to mentally design about some kind of swimming harness to make sure it never happens…
There is a serious note on swim safety here and there are many better resources than me to advise on that. However, always listen to the lifeguards, they are there for a reason!
However, you quite like this swimming with a toddler lark.
The Lockers
So after going round the same bit of pool for a what feels like an eternity, you get feeling back in your arm and decide to get out of the pool. Then you wonder how you are going to get everything out of the locker that rammed full of all your worldly possessions whilst looking after a child…
Some places have pens to put children in, so ask where it is before you go into the water in the first place. It is optional to have to take them out! However, you are probably going to try and have to use your newly recovered arm to yank the mis-shaped items out of the locker.
I probably should have said beforehand to make sure all the zips of your bags are closed before you put it in the locker. As if not, the contents will fly their way into someone else's changing cubicle!! You then suddenly turn into Michael Caine and think that the only solution is to blow the bloody door off…
The Changing Rooms
However, changing rooms are magical places and then you evolve from Michael Caine to a hybrid of superheroes.
You have 8 arms because you are carrying a tired child and your worldly possessions. Most importantly is the £1 coin from the locker as you promised the child something from the vending machine if they stayed in the water for more than 5 minutes.
You also turn into a hawk trying to look for a suitable changing room. For this, size means nothing. Just make sure it is dry!
You also turn into Usain Bolt realising you have to leave some things in the changing room to get everything else out of the locker. As such, you rush to make sure no-one will steal your underwear and worn down trainers (hint, they won't!)
You also curse the hawk for not spotting a free changing room right next to the locker…
Getting Dressed
So you are tired, wet, cold and your superhuman powers have disappeared. Your Everest is in front of you – your child needs changing into normal clothes again! You forget everything you have ever learnt about dressing a child as you fear that hypothermia is just around the corner. (Hint, it isn't. Although you need to get them dry as soon as possible)
This is has a difficulty level 9 and so it is ok for shortcuts to be made.
Clothes inside out? Not a problem. Shoes on with no socks? Not a problem.
Vest back to front? Be proud that you have got the vest on in the first place.
But they you realise that you can do it, and you have done it. You have got your child dressed and not managed to break them! You're in a changing room so no one else can see your joy. However, no one else can see your celebration dance, so go for it!
However, there is a problem. You are still in your swimming outfit, freezing cold and wondering how to get out in one piece. If your child is a baby, you are on easy street. Just give them a toy and you have bought 5 minutes. Trust me, they won't mind!
With a toddler, this is much more difficult. They want to get out of the changing rooms. They also know how to open the door. You panic about showing the whole world everything as your toddler escapes and you having to run and catch them wearing only a smile. But then you remember one of the keys to parenting – bribery. You offer the lure of the vending machine to keep them sweet for 5 minutes as you get dressed. You also wonder why you wore skinny jeans as opposed to baggy shorts.
And then you're ready to leave, having spent more time out of the pool than in the pool. But you know that you have completed an important mission with SAS style efficiency and you have a happy child.
Until you realise you have forgotten to pick up the coin from the locker and the vending machine will have to wait until next time!


text: Sonic Youth mourners will welcome the debut from Chelsea Light Moving, the latest from Thurston Moore. Liberation and noisy calibration still drive the on-hiatus Youth. Flexing old-school muscle, the post-punk guitar god and underrated wordsmith name-checks junky beatnik William S. Burroughs and the late poet Frank O'Hara, but never resorts to recriminations against his ex-wife. "Be a warrior – love life," he sings on the sugary opener "Heavenmental." Bassist Samara Lubelski, guitarist Keith Wood, and drum pummeler John Moloney assist the Sandy-worthy squall of "Empires of Time," while "Groovy and Linda" digs up heartbreak of another sort with the now-prophetic hymn, "Don't shoot, we are your children." Closing with the SST stomp of "Lips," summery strumming "Frank O'Hara Hit," and the smudged punk of "Communist Eyes," CLM never amounts to a full state of the union. Settle instead for a New York state of mind.


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15 Places to Visit in Dubai
Dubai is the second largest and most populous state of UAE. The emirate is ideally located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa. Dubai has become world famous among international investors and tourists because of its fastest growing economy and enchanting places to visit. State government and developers carefully planned to build city's infrastructure in a way to provide modern life facilities for local as well as travelers visiting the city.
Corporate travelers, tourists and holiday makers find numerous accommodation options that range from super luxury hotels, villas to affordable apartment hotels, apartments and studio apartments. Almost all super luxury hotels provide business center and banking facilities. Whereas tourists can take benefit of fun trip services provided by their hotels to explore city's major attractions.
The emirate has unlimited entertainment and fun opportunities for people of all age groups. The city has a perfect cosmopolitan environment, which welcomes everyone visiting the city, without making discrimination on the basis of religion and nationality. Although, it is a city of an Islamic country, you are allowed to consume alcohol in night clubs, hotel bars. You are allowed to wear swimsuits on beaches. Dubai has gained fame among top tourism destination in the world because of its worth seeing places. Below are the 15 most admirable places to visit in Dubai.
1. Dubai Fountain
Dubai Fountain was launched in May 2009 and since then it has attracted millions of visitors. It is located in Downtown Dubai, on a manmade Burj Khlifa Lake. Its performance is beautifully choreographed with music and lights. It shoots water up to 500 feet that is equivalent to the height of 50 story building. Tourists can enjoy beautiful performance of this fountain exclusively free from walkway of Dubai Mall, standing on the fountain's edge and dining in alfresco restaurants around the mall. Dubai fountain daily display 20 min performances started from 6pm that continues to 10pm during weekdays and on weekend it continues till 11pm. It is the most beautiful fountain that uses 6,600 super lights and 25 color projectors making it colorful and stunning.
2. Dolphin Bay
Dolphin Bay is the world's most modern dolphin habitats in the world. It offers number of dolphin fun activities suitable for all age groups. It is located in Atlantis Hotel Dubai. Whether, you are staying at Atlantis Hotel or you have come to spend a day here, Dolphin Bay will offer you to experience unforgettable fun and entertainment. Major fun activities visitors can enjoy at Dolphin Bay include Scuba Dive, Atlantis Dolphin Adventure, Dolphin Photo Fun, Atlantis Dolphin Adventure, Observer pass, Atlantis Dolphin Encounter. Such activities allow visitors to make fun by standing in shallow water, sitting on pool side and enjoying watching dolphins. You can choose to enjoy any activity according to your mood.
3. Wild Wadi Water Park
Wild Wadi Water Park provides thrill and real entertainment for kids as well as adults. It is located in Jumeirah District front to fascinating skyscraper Burj Al Arab. It is a perfect outdoor water park housed heated and cooled wave pool and number of water slides. Almost rides are themed on Arabian Adventure Legends Juha and his friends Sindbad. You can also enjoy a free fall ride Jumeirah Sceirah. Besides this, you can enjoy visiting two gift shops, three restaurants and two snack stands during your trip.
4. Amara Spa
Amara Spa is located in a peaceful; surroundings on the shore of Dubai Creek and world renowned Dubai Creek Golf Course. Here you can experience the true feeling of luxury and serenity. Amara Spa is a real spa renovated to give a tribute to ancient Moorish places. It has white exteriors and royal blue domes with an extra ordinary décor to stimulate the senses and revitalize you by providing real relaxation. Here you can find private spa suites for singles as well as couples where visitors can enjoy rain shower. It is a very admirable place to visit during your Dubai trip that provides complete pleasure of spa.
5. Burj Khalifa
Burj Khalifa is the world's tallest manmade structure located in the Downtown Dubai. It is recognized as the only seven star hotels in the world. It is huge enough that anyone can virtually see it standing anywhere in the city. The skyscraper officially opened in January 2012. The building is so beautiful and has gained too much fame across the globe and tourists visiting the emirate essentially plan a trip to this place. The building housed prestigious Armani Hotel and 900 private residences that are home for elite people across the world. Visitors can also enjoy a cloudless view of the city from observation deck located on the 124 level. It is a worth seeing place to visit where you can explore finest shopping, dining and entertainment.
6. Dhow Dubai
Dhow Dubai or Dubai Cruise provides you unforgettable experience of dining and enjoying the beautiful view of Dubai Creek on floating restaurants built on wooden ships. There are number of Dhow cruise services running in Dubai. You can choose the one of your choice. They offer daily cruising services along the Dubai Creek. Usually first trip starts around 6:30 pm. It takes almost 2 hours to complete the trip. These ships are in different shapes and sizes. Some cruises are open from its sides whereas others have open place on the top. Most of the cruises are decorated with bulbs that seem so beautiful if you watch it from a distance. Dhow Dubai is really a wonderful and romantic experience for couples.
7. Palm Islands
Palm Islands are palm shaped manmade archipelago in Dubai. Actually the project developer has planned to build three Palm Islands in the city. Palm Jumeirah is the smallest island among these Palm Islands located in coastal line of Jumeirah. All Palm Islands look like a palm tree with trunk, fronds and crescent. These islands are built with the aim to provide super luxury hotels, residential units, theme parks and beautiful beaches for tourists and visitors coming Dubai. Palm Islands are not only considered as the wonder in UAE, rather they also known as 8th wonders of the world. It is visible from space with naked eye. If you are planning a Dubai trip, Palm Island will be the most admirable place to visit in the city.
8. World Island
World islands are incredible construction projects of Dubai. It is a collection of manmade archipelago of small islands built to look like world map. It is wonderful place to visit in Dubai where tourists can enjoy beautiful sunshine in blue waters and gentle wind. It has number of hotels, resorts, cafes and shopping malls where tourists can enjoy luxury living, good food and shopping. Helicopters and boats are used to travel from one island to other.
9. Dubai Beaches
Dubai is world famous for its beautiful beaches. The emirate has a beautiful beachfront that attracts tourists. The city has several beaches that offer various fun activities and super luxury beach resorts. Tourists can enjoy scuba diving; jet skiing, fishing, snorkeling and paragliding. You can even enjoy walking on the seashore. Famous Dubai beaches include Jumeirah Beach, Al Mamzar and Jebel Ali Beach. These beaches also provide various facilities for those who have come to spend a day or few hours on the beach. These beaches are well equipped with basic amenities like changing rooms, toilets and showers to fulfill the needs of everyone who is not staying in a beach resort. Kids can also enjoy playing in playgrounds.
10. Dubai Creek
Dubai Creek is the natural water inlet cutting city from the centre. It is considered as the historical place in Dubai that let you explore various historical sights of the city. Tourists can enjoy riding Abra a small water taxi to cross this water inlet. You can also find wide choices of hotels for tourists. You can explore the pretty views of Dubai's trading heritage, where ships traveling to distant places stay to unload goods. You can also find cruise services in Dubai Creek where you can get a chance to enjoy dinner on floating restaurants.
11. Ski Dubai
Ski Dubai is the largest indoor manmade ski resort with total ski area of 22,500 square meters. It is a perfect place for kids and adults. Ski runs differ in difficulty level and welcoming even those who are going to experience ski first time. For beginners professional staff provides tutorials. Tourists can enjoy various snow games like snowboarding, skiing, tobogganing and snow playing. Furthermore, you will get all necessary equipment for skiing.
12. Souk Madinat Jumeirah
It is a vibrant place with lots of color that offers numerous attractions for tourists. It is located at the end of Jumeirah Road. It resemble with traditional Arabic Markets. Buyers can find clothes, jewelry, antique items, expensive olive oil and art work. It also has bars and restaurants that serve wide range of cuisines and drinks to visitors.
13. Old Bastakiya District
The Old Bastakiya District is the oldest part of the city that was established when there was no electricity and air conditioners were there and houses were cooled by traditional wind towers. Tourists will find it amazing place to visit where they can watch narrow lanes and tall wind towers. You can also find largest collection of courtyard houses with wind tower on the right of Al Fahidi Fort. Tourists can enjoy exploring traditional Arab architect and rich culture in the district. Buildings in Bastakiya represent the effective urban planning that carefully preserves to maintain century old architectural designs of Arabs.
14. Dubai Autodrome
If you really want to experience the thrill of speed and roaring engines, you must visit Dubai Autodrome. It is located in Dubailand over 5.39 km area. It was inaugurated in October 2004. You can enjoy watching fastest drivers in the world. It is world's first fully integrated motor sports facility offering CIK approved Karting Track and Race and Driving School. The place is very suitable for all kind of motor sports events. It is a multipurpose place which is also suitable for concerts and corporate events like seminars, conferences and motor exhibitions. Visitors are guaranteed to experience full range of five star corporate facilities that makes your visit a unique and memorable experience.
15. Dubailand
This place is perfect place to visit and recognized as world's biggest amusement park established in 2003. It provides wide range of indoor and outdoor fun activities that include water sports and car racing. The amusement park is divided in to six major zones that include Themed Leisure and Vacation World, Attractions & Experience World, Sports and Outdoor World, Eco-Tourism World, Retail and Entertainment World and Downtown. Visiting Dubailand will let you entertain yourself with unlimited fun activities.
As we all know Dubai has already established its name as the land of opportunities for investors and job seekers who are willing to share the profit in one of the strongest economies of the world. It also struggles hard to get itself listed among top tourist's destinations across the globe. In order to achieve its targets the city has buildup various fun and entertainment places to cater the needs of people of all ages. If you are planning to spend your vacation at Dubai, you must try to visit these places during your stay to experience real fun and entertainment.
About the Guest Author – David Marsha is a Real Estate and Travel blogger from Dubai. He Provide quality information on Dubai Real Estate Regulations like RERA and Travel sports like Jebel Ali.
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A favorite preacher for many, Dr. Pope is in constant demand by churches and conferences coast to coast, and spanning the globe. But, there is nowhere our Senior Pastor is more loved than here at Christchurch Baptist Fellowship. In 2011, Dr. Pope celebrated the 30th year as our pastor and the 41st year of his preaching ministry. His ministry is not only characterized by faithfulness and integrity, but defined by a vibrant prayer life and a reputation for rightly dividing the Word of Truth. His compassion for the lost, and his warm friendship to our congregation is a hallmark of Christchurch Baptist Fellowship. Dr. Pope studied for the ministry at Hyles-Anderson College in Crown Point, Indiana. Upon graduation, he and his wife, Barbara, spent 10 years in evangelism along with a short tenure on the faculty of Hyles-Anderson. Dr. and Mrs. Pope have been married since 1973, and have four children.
Jared Matthews was saved at the age of 5 at Pevely Baptist Church in Missouri. He met his wife Heather at Pensacola Christian College where they both received music degrees before beginning their ministry together at Sumter Bible Church and Sumter Christian Academy in Sumter, South Carolina. Jared served as music director there from 1999-2006 and then moved to McDonough, Georgia where he served from 2006-2008 as music director of Peoples Baptist Academy, a ministry of Peoples Baptist Church. In December of 2008, he returned to his childhood hometown of Festus, Missouri where he was appointed music director of Second Baptist Church and Twin City Christian Academy. In 2014, he also became assistant pastor, principal of the school, and director of Living Springs Camp. He continued serving in these positions until the Lord moved him to work with his father-in-law, Dr. Johnny Pope, in January of 2018 as associate pastor of Christchurch Baptist Fellowship. Jared and Heather have three children.
Victoria Lord is the Executive Secretary of Christchurch Baptist Fellowship. Her sweet spirit and friendly demeanor have been the hallmark of our church office for more than 27 years. Constantly refered to as "The Best Secretary in the World" by Dr. Pope, Mrs. Lord exemplifies the qualities of efficiency and loyalty.
Besides maintaining all reports, payroll, and correspondence for Christchurch, Mrs. Lord also handles the scheduling for Dr. Pope's meetings, conferences, and travel arrangements. Her tireless work is invaluable to Dr. Pope and the ministry of Christchurch Baptist Fellowship.


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You'll love the vintage look of our New Heritage Maximum Window Collection.
Open a whole new world!
If your idea of beauty comes from the past, these are the windows for you. Our Heritage Maximum Collection is straight out of the pages of a custom craftsman. Each carefully contoured window is reminiscent of traditional hand crafted millwork. The Heritage Maximum window series is the first of its kind in the PVC window industry today. This series offers a contoured slim-line profile that produces the maximum glass area without sacrificing structural performance. The Maximum Series of windows will reduce the frame obstruction by over 40% offering the greatest viewing area in the industry.
The Heritage Maximum Window Collection Casement Features and Benefits
1. Fusion-welded frame and sash corners add strength and prevent air infiltration.
2. Multi-chambered design adds insulation, strength, and drainage.
3. Triple white co-extruded weather-strip sealing system.
4. 90º sash opening for easy cleaning from inside.
5. Removable overlap internal screen for easy cleaning.
6. Multi-point locking system for a tight seal and added security.
7. Truth Encore fold down hardware available in several custom finishes.
8. Interior and exterior contoured grills.
9. 1″ Dual-pane or Laminated options plus from 1" to 1 5/8" triple-pane units All with double-strength glass with Super Spacer warm edge system for optimum efficiency.
The Heritage Collection Single Hung and Single Slider Tilt windows were designed with history in mind. This traditional window can be used to accent various architectural designs and recreate a historical style found throughout North America. Used in combination with transoms and accessories like our simulated divided light exterior grills your new home can inspire an architectural feel from yesteryear.
The Heritage Collection Windows Single Hung and Single Tilt Slider Features and Benefits
- Fusion-welded frame and sash corners add strength and prevent air infiltration.
- Multi-chambered design adds insulation, strength, and drainage.
- Triple weather-strip sealing system.
- Full mid-rail interlock
- Reinforced sash for superior strength
- Low profile recessed hardware Both Sloped and Pocket sill options on Sing Hung
- Ventilation latches
- Heavy duty dual wall lift rail extruded on sash
- Interior and exterior contoured grills
- 7/8″ Dual-pane or 1" Triple-pane insulated double-strength glass with Super Spacer warm edge system for optimum efficiency.
Interior Color Colors*
- A contoured exterior profile providing that traditional appeal of wood with interior contoured glazing beads to complete the look.
- A matching contoured brick-mould with a J-channel and nail-fin option
- A bull-nose sloped bottom sill with a nail-fin option
- Sloped or pocket sill on Double Hungs
- Co-extruded cap-stock colour
- Cherry Interior wood-grain finish on Maximum only
- PVC and wood interior extension jambs
- PVC interior trim kits
- Contoured simulated divide grills
- All Solar Solutions and grill options available throughout our product offering


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Well....where are the pictures?
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Huge job is an understatement. Old pic, but just so you know, I know what your talking about..... ha
Looks GREAT!!! The LS swap is one of the most wonderful inventions in the wide world of resto-mods. You will absolutely love the performance, dependability, parts availability and FUN!
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How are you doing folks, I'm looking for a transmission dipstick, any info I will appreciated, thank you very much
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Does anyone know were I can buy a 1963 Cadillac hood driver side hinge or is there any other hinge that would fit?
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So I am troubleshooting my fuel gauge issue. I bought a new sender and tested it. It it goes from 1-ohm (empty) to 35-ohm (full). When I test it (outside the tank), when the float is in the up (full) position it only moves the gauge to about 1/2 full. When at the bottom (empty) position the gauge shows empty. This is the same issue I have when I fill and then use the gas in the tank - the gauge never reads ore than half full. Based on what I've read on this thread it would seem like the…
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I have been working on a website-----www.fritzsautorepair.com-----
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