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Cordial CXI 9 PR-Edition 25
Cordial CXI 9 PR-Edition 25 - prof. Instr.-Cable; 900cm; Jack/angled Jack; NEUTRIK-Plugs; Conductor cross section: 1x 0.50 mm²; Conductor structure: 28 x 0.15 mm; Shielding: weave made of bare copper wires on conductive plastic; Conductor resistance: <39 Ohm / km; Diameter: 7.0 ± 0.2 mm; Capacitance (cond. / cond.): 88 pF / m ± 8%; Weight: 56.1 g / m; black/gold
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text: Anna Kendrick does not handle her drinks well and when she has a few she loses all her inhibitions. The adorable actress ends up biting her female friend in a sexy way and she also caresses her friends in a kinky way the most kinky way. She, unfortunately, does not expose her nude body but she does do a lot of ass shaking while in her hot outfits.

subset: commoncrawl


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Discover how to develop, pitch and distribute factual films at this highly informative class with Charlie Phillips, head of documentaries at the Guardian.
If you've got an idea for a great documentary, this class will help you get it out of your head and onto the screen. Led by the Guardian's head of documentaries Charlie Phillips, this highly informative evening demystifies the process of developing, pitching and distributing factual films.
Suitable for filmmakers at any stage of their careers, the class includes up-to-date market information and lots of practical advice on pitching ideas to editors.
Charlie will also discuss what the Guardian is currently doing with documentaries, and how you can get involved.
- How to grow your idea for a documentary
- Pitching your idea to commissioning editors
- Different funding options, including traditional broadcast routes and more experimental DIY options
- Advice on distribution, marketing and networking
- Shortform versus longform
- The future of documentary-making: how to seize the opportunities digital technology has to offer
Class preparation
- You're encouraged to arrive with ideas for documentaries you might like to make, as well as a sense of the style and content of films you enjoy watching. However, this preparation is not essential to attend the class or benefit from it.
Tutor profile
Charlie Phillips is head of documentaries at the Guardian. He was deputy director at Sheffield Doc/Fest for seven years. Prior to that, he was editor of FourDocs for Channel 4. Find him on Twitter here.
Full course and returns information on the Masterclasses website


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This hearty salad is brimming with the flavors of fall with ingredients such as pumpkin seeds, brussels sprouts, cranberries, and dark, leafy greens. The salad here is tossed with baby kale, which is much more tender and easier to eat uncooked, which makes it a perfect green to use for a salad like this. The kale delivers a nice and hearty texture while the marvelous toppings here elevate this salad to some gloriously good autumn territory.
How to Make It
Preheat oven to 400°. Place 2 rimmed baking sheets in oven while preheating.
Combine squash, sprouts, onion, ¼ cup oil, 2 tbsp syrup, thyme and sage in a large bowl, toss to coat. Divide vegetables evenly between preheated pans coated with cooking spray. Sprinkle with ¾ tsp salt and ¾ tsp black pepper. Bake at 450° for 20-25 minutes or until browned and tender (do not stir). Remove from oven.
Combine 1 tsp olive oil, pumpkin seeds and red pepper in a small bowl. Place on a baking sheet and bake 8-10 minutes or until lightly toasted. Set aside and cool.
Combine ¼ cup olive oil, 2 tbsp syrup, ½ tsp kosher salt, ¼ tsp black pepper, mustard and lemon juice in a small bowl, stirring with a whisk. Combine 1 tbsp oil mixture and greens in a large bowl; toss to coat. Add squash mixture; toss gently to combine. Place green mixture on a platter. Drizzle with remaining dressing, cranberries and goat cheese. SERVES 6 (serving size: about 2 cups)


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Give Go Home With You (Mastered) a listen - it's a new offering from J. Holiday. It was dropped on Thursday, April 29th, 2010. J. Holiday's musical situation is improving with every new release, and Go Home With You (Mastered) will most definitely help the cause. It's a fine addition to the growing body of work J. Holiday has been developing since stepping foot in the game. We're looking forward to what J. Holiday has in store.
Check out J. Holiday on Got Myself A Gun, featuring Notorious B.I.G.. If your interest is piqued, hit up J. Holiday's profile for more info, news, songs, and mixtapes.
Can you dig it?


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John has been photographing his surroundings since his early teens. His first camera was a Kodak 126 that served him well until the purchase of a Praktika LB at age 15. Originally from Fredericton, New Brunswick, armed with his trusty Praktika, John moved to Toronto in 1978 to study Photography at Ryerson. Returning to the retail business field John traded up to a Canon AE1 to continue exploring his surroundings and experiences while working on corporate brochures and reports. John has exhibited at Sunbury Shores Arts and Nature Centre in St. Andrews, New Brunswick and during the CONTACT Festival in Toronto. He regularly hosts shows and sales in Toronto and participates in local Arts and Crafts Shows. In 2005 John switched to digital with a Canon EOS 5D and he continues to explore his surroundings and experiences in nature, his home city of Toronto, and travels when possible.
John has two presentations available based on his experiences –
- Selling Your Stuff – Selling Yourself – helpful hints and reminders for artists and crafters looking to sell their products
- Meanwhile, in another part of the fen…… Our quest for wild orchids and what we discovered along the way. (Coming Soon! Spring 2014 – May 7 and 8 at the Textile Museum of Canada)
To Contact:
email: email@example.com
Phone or text: 416 779 8875


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Release Date - 1st March 2019
Hessle Audio is proud to present the first collaborations between longtime friend Joy O and saxophonist Ben Vince. Introduced to each other by Jon Rust, the two tracks are a result of studio sessions together as well as manipulation of Ben's existing recordings.
Both tracks explore the tonal, textural and rhythmic possibilities of Ben's playing within a focused dancefloor framework.
a. Transition 2
b. Systems Align
Released 14th October 2016
2x12" version comes with free download card. Hessle Audio present the debut full-length album from label co-founder Kevin McAuley, aka Pangaea. In Drum Play's ten tracks cut deep into stripped-back techno structures, yet remain infused with the ravey intensity and rogue experimentalism that has placed his work among both the strangest and most banging dance music to emerge from the UK in the last decade. Since his debut 12" in 2007, Pangaea's music has existed in a continual state of metamorphosis. From the ghostly flex of his early singles into the rhythmic vortices of his self-released Hadal EPs, and now the mesmerising dance of In Drum Play, it's evolved into a freewheeling strain of ruffneck techno - one ear jacked into sound system culture, the other in the stomping nocturnal psychedelia of UK pioneers such as Surgeon. His DJ sets have developed in parallel, becoming fast-paced acrobatic voyages at the interface of loopy techno and more exploratory UK styles, an aesthetic captured on his 2014 mix for the Fabriclive CD series. As its title suggests, In Drum Play is a product of that feedback loop between the studio and the club. The devilishly funky intensity of tracks like 'Rotor Soap', 'More Is More To Burn' and 'DNS' emerged froma desire to write music that mirrored the late night dancefloor environments that McAuley has been DJing within. Crafted around sharpened motifs that burrow simultaneously into mind and body, they rank among his headiest and most forceful music to date.
01. Mutual Exchange
02. Rotor Soap
03. Bulb In Zinc
04. More Is More to Burn
05. Scaled Wing
06. One By One
07. Lofty Can
08. Send It In
09. Skips Desk
LP version mastered and cut at half-speed by Matt Colton & comes with free download card.
1. Pearson Sound - Asphalt Sparkle
2. Pearson Sound - Glass Eye
3. Pearson Sound - Gristle
4. Pearson Sound - Crank Call
5. Pearson Sound - Swill
6. Pearson Sound - Six Congas
7. Pearson Sound - Headless
8. Pearson Sound - Russet
9. Pearson Sound - Rubber Tree


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Lactation Education Resources Blog
Credential Confusion!
The International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners (IBLCE) has announced their plans for a new lactation support credential. The IBLCE is the organization that currently offers the certification credential for lactation consultants, the gold standard in lactation credentials, the IBCLC. The new credential will provide;
- a credential for those who do not wish to pursue the full requirements for IBCLC certification
- a stepping stone for those who seek a credential they can use for employment until they qualify for the IBCLC certification
This new credential will hopefully consolidate the many lactation credentials that are currently being offered by various groups. The United States Lactation Consultant Association has compiled a current list: Who's Who in Lactation.
This plethora of course credentials is confusing for those aspiring to this field, as well as employers. With training at various levels, it is impossible for national organizations and health ministries who would like to measure the efficacy of breastfeeding services offered by those with differing levels of education and clinical experience.
In 1985, the IBLCE 1) developed a criterion-referenced examination for lactation support providers around the globe based on practice analysis survey (also known as a role delineation study), 2) defined clinical competencies and a scope of practice and 3) administers an accountability system for maintaining quality care. A similar system will be set in place for the second credential. One uniform testing organization will allow the standardizing of content of the curriculum taught to match the skills necessary to be a lactation support provider at both levels, current and proposed. The evidence demonstrates that integrated lactation care, provided by the appropriate provider, will help families meet their goals. The evidence also shows that skilled care provided at the time it is needed will improve national goals for initiation, exclusivity and duration.
There are situations and practice settings where access to an IBCLC is limited. Community health workers, peer support counselors, prenatal lactation educators, hospital bedside care providers all play a role in breastfeeding support. ALL lactation support providers deserve recognition of their education and competence to provide a standard of care which will support breastfeeding families. A global exam and credential created and managed by an organization which has done this for the past 30 years, is a benefit to those who want to provide service at a level below that of the IBCLC.
There are many for whom the IBCLC is out of reach due to the un-availability of training, cost of the college courses and lack of mentors available for clinical training. A entry-level credential will likely meet the needs of many world-wide.
Some are concerned and confused by the new credential. It was reassuring to see IBLCE listening to concerns at the ILCA conference and promising they will continue to dialogue with all stakeholders including IBCLCs, training organizations, government agencies, and health ministries. The creation of a new credential is a process and will not happen overnight. LER supports the IBLCE in their efforts to follow the process to bring a new credential to the landscape of lactation support providers.
Monday, 07 August 2017
Hi Vergie! It's been sometime since we've been in touch. I am still currently working for the National Breastfeeding Helpline - although lots of changes seem to be coming soon as our contract really does come closer to its end with OWH.
I am happy to see this blog post - gives me hope that I might be able to continue down the path even if it does not include IBCLC certification at the end.
I was wondering if your program had developed a test for those who have taken the Enriched Course (for pathway 3) to renew the Breastfeeding Specialist Certification - mine expires in 2018 and I'd like to keep it current if possible.
I look forward to LER's newsletters and am grateful still for having found your course and having had the opportunity to meet you in person through KAI/OWH setting as well.
Ivon Claros
Monday, 07 August 2017
Hi Ivon,
You have exactly the kind of situation that this new credential is meant to address. So keep tuned for when the new credintial is available from the IBLCE.
In the meantime, we are making the CBS renewable. That renewal form will be available on our website in about 2 weeks. Just a heads up - it will require 20 CERPs for renewal. Best wishes, Vergie· Heidi DIas likes this comment.


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Want to take advantage of the $150K instant tax write off before December 31?View Latest Offers
The development of the Dieselmax and Ecomax engine ranges are typical of JCB's reputation for innovation and quality. Focusing on core customer values has resulted in a 'best in class' engine for mid-range off-highway equipment. JCB has a unique position where we can offer a base engine for mobile applications with class-leading reliability, long service intervals, high efficiency and excellent fuel economy.


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Pridewell Apartments
10985 84 Street, Edmonton, AB, T5H 1M5
(587) 806-3624
About This Property
1 Month FREE on a 13 Month Lease! *Limited time offer on select suites only, some conditions apply.
Residents of Pridewell Can Receive 40% off Telus Home Services or Exclusive Deals with Shaw!! *See site manager for details, subject to Telus/Shaw availability & conditions.
Follow the below link to take a virtual tour of our 2 Bedroom Suites!
- 2 Bedroom Suite Tour (Unit 13)
With a convenient location, Pridewell Apartments are perfect whether you are walking, driving, biking or busing to work or play. With the Stadium, LRT Station and River Valley trails all within minutes, you will have plenty of options. This family friendly building has one or two-bedroom renovated suites with window coverings and an on-site manager. Close to grocery stores, schools, parks, a health care centre and many other amenities, this is the optimum choice for your new home. Heat, water & one parking stall included. Small dogs & cats permitted (upon approval, fees apply). Security Deposit only $499.
Professionally Managed By Mayfield Management Group Ltd.
Rates, deposits and incentives are based on applicable lease terms, on approved credit and are subject to change without notice, some conditions apply. Photographs are for advertising purposes only and may not be of the actual suite available.


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About us
The Romania Dual Y-DNA & mtDNA Project welcomes all who have a direct paternal line and/or direct maternal line with Romanian ancestry. This includes the National Genographic participants, or those who tested with other companies and wish to transfer their results to FTDNA. Note: In addition to the confines of Romania, all surnames with Y-DNA/mtDNA Romanian heritage are welcome, irrespective of the location for the most distant known ancestor. We are also accepting those who have an ancestral connection with Romanian lands, in spite of border changes during the years. As such, we welcome not only those from Romania, but also from Moldova, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia (Serbian Banat and Timok), Bulgaria, Israel and diaspora in general, who have Romanian ancestry (via name, family history or spoken language). Vlachs/Aromanians/Macedo-Romanians/Istro-Romanians are also welcome to join our group. The same applies for those with known Hungarian, German, Ashkenazim Jewish (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews), Ashkenazim Levites, Serbian etc. roots. Please note that subgroups are now created based on haplogroups for both Y-DNA and mtDNA. Initially I grouped members based on "perceived ethnicity" but the DNA results prompted me to switch to haplogroups instead.
PUT YOURSELF ON THE MAP! We would like to encourage everyone to put yourself on the map! More about DNA testing at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test If you have any questions, please e-mail the administrator and co-administrators. For those of you who do not speak English well enough, our administrator will be more than happy to assist you and communicate with you directly in Romanian.
Family Search has made available the Moldova Church Books, 1811-1936 at https://familysearch.org/search/image/index#uri=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Frecords%2Fwaypoint%2FMMBT-YCY%3A1059718407%3Fcc%3D1943763
Published papers:
Ancient DNA from South-East Europe Reveals Different Events during Early and Middle Neolithic Influencing the European Genetic Heritage - June 8, 2015
Montserrat Hervella, Mihai Rotea, Neskuts Izagirre, Mihai Constantinescu, Santos Alonso, Mihai Ioana, Cătălin Lazăr, Florin Ridiche, Andrei Dorian Soficaru, Mihai G. Netea, Concepcion de-la-Rua
The importance of the process of Neolithization for the genetic make-up of European populations has been hotly debated, with shifting hypotheses from a demic diffusion (DD) to a cultural diffusion (CD) model. In this regard, ancient DNA data from the Balkan Peninsula, which is an important source of information to assess the process of Neolithization in Europe, is however missing. In the present study we show genetic information on ancient populations of the South-East of Europe. We assessed mtDNA from ten sites from the current territory of Romania, spanning a time-period from the Early Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age. mtDNA data from Early Neolithic farmers of the Starčevo Criş culture in Romania (Cârcea, Gura Baciului and Negrileşti sites), confirm their genetic relationship with those of the LBK culture (Linienbandkeramik Kultur) in Central Europe, and they show little genetic continuity with modern European populations. On the other hand, populations of the MiddleLate Neolithic (Boian, Zau and Gumelniţa cultures), supposedly a second wave of Neolithic migration from Anatolia, had a much stronger effect on the genetic heritage of the European populations. In contrast, we find a smaller contribution of Late Bronze Age migrations to the genetic composition of Europeans. Based on these findings, we propose that permeation of mtDNA lineages from a second wave of Middle-Late Neolithic migration from North-West Anatolia into the Balkan Peninsula and Central Europe represent an important contribution to the genetic shift between Early and Late Neolithic populations in Europe, and consequently to the genetic make-up of modern European populations.
Y-Chromosome Analysis in Individuals Bearing the Basarab Name of the First Dynasty of Wallachian Kings
Begoña Martinez-Cruz et al., 2012
Vlad III The Impaler, also known as Dracula, descended from the dynasty of Basarab, the first rulers of independent Wallachia, in present Romania. Whether this dynasty is of Cuman (an admixed Turkic people that reached Wallachia from the East in the 11th century) or of local Romanian (Vlach) origin is debated among historians. Earlier studies have demonstrated the value of investigating the Y chromosome of men bearing a historical name, in order to identify their genetic origin. We sampled 29 Romanian men carrying the surname Basarab, in addition to four Romanian populations (from counties Dolj, N = 38; Mehedinti, N = 11; Cluj, N = 50; and Brasov, N = 50), and compared the data with the surrounding populations. We typed 131 SNPs and 19 STRs in the non-recombinant part of the Y-chromosome in all the individuals. We computed a PCA to situate the Basarab individuals in the context of Romania and its neighboring populations. Different Y-chromosome haplogroups were found within the individuals bearing the Basarab name. All haplogroups are common in Romania and other Central and Eastern European populations. In a PCA, the Basarab group clusters within other Romanian populations. We found several clusters of Basarab individuals having a common ancestor within the period of the last 600 years. The diversity of haplogroups found shows that not all individuals carrying the surname Basarab can be direct biological descendants of the Basarab dynasty. The absence of Eastern Asian lineages in the Basarab men can be interpreted as a lack of evidence for a Cuman origin of the Basarab dynasty, although it cannot be positively ruled out. It can be therefore concluded that the Basarab dynasty was successful in spreading its name beyond the spread of its genes.
Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms
Dissertation for the Faculty of Biology Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität at München, Germany, Alexandru Varzari, Republic of Moldova, 27 July 2006
Paleo-mtDNA analysis and population genetic aspects of old Thracian populations from South-East of Romania
Authors: Cardos G., Stoian V., Miritoiu N., Comsa A., Kroll A., Voss S., Rodewald A. © 2004 Romanian Society of Legal Medicine
Y-Chromosome Diversity in Modern Bulgarians: New Clues about Their Ancestry
Authors: Karachanak S, Grugni V, Fornarino S, Nesheva D, Al-Zahery N, et al. (2013). PLoS ONE 8(3): e56779. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056779Investigation of the fine structure of European populations with applications to disease association studies
European Journal of Human Genetics (2008) 16, 1413 – 1429, Macmillan Publishers Limited 2008
A substantial prehistoric European ancestry among Ashkenazi maternal lineages
Nature Communications, 8 Oct 2013
Indian Signatures in the Westernmost Edge of the European Romani Diaspora: New Insight from Mitogenomes
PLOS ONE, October 2013
Authors: Alberto Gomez-Carballa, Jacobo Pardo-Seco, Laura Fachal, Ana Vega, Miriam Cebey, Nazareth Martinon-Torres, Federico Martinon-Torres, Antonio Salas
ABSTRACT: In agreement with historical documentation, several genetic studies have revealed ancestral links between the European Romani and India. The entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 27 Spanish Romani was sequenced in order to shed further light on the origins of this population. The data were analyzed together with a large published dataset (mainly hypervariable region I [HVS-I] haplotypes) of Romani (N = 1,353) and non-Romani worldwide populations (N.150,000). Analysis of mitogenomes allowed the characterization of various Romani-specific clades. M5a1b1a1 is the most distinctive European Romani haplogroup; it is present in all Romani groups at variable frequencies (with only sporadic findings in nonRomani) and represents 18% of their mtDNA pool. Its phylogeographic features indicate that M5a1b1a1 originated 1.5 thousand years ago (kya; 95% CI: 1.3–1.8) in a proto-Romani population living in Northwest India. U3 represents the most characteristic Romani haplogroup of European/Near Eastern origin (12.4%); it appears at dissimilar frequencies across the continent (Iberia: ,31%; Eastern/Central Europe: ,13%). All U3 mitogenomes of our Iberian Romani sample fall within a new sub-clade, U3b1c, which can be dated to 0.5 kya (95% CI: 0.3–0.7); therefore, signaling a lower bound for the founder event that followed admixture in Europe/Near East. Other minor European/Near Eastern haplogroups (e.g. H24, H88a) were also assimilated into the Romani by introgression with neighboring populations during their diaspora into Europe; yet some show a differentiation from the phylogenetically closest non-Romani counterpart. The phylogeny of Romani mitogenomes shows clear signatures of low effective population sizes and founder effects. Overall, these results are in good agreement with historical documentation, suggesting that cultural identity and relative isolation have allowed the Romani to preserve a distinctive mtDNA heritage, with some features linking them unequivocally to their ancestral Indian homeland.
Origins and Divergence of the Roma (Gypsies)
Authors: Gresham et al. (AJHG, 2001)
Genetic Structure of the Paternal Lineage of the Roma People
Authors: Horolma Pamjav, Andrea Zalan, Judit Beres, Melinda Nagy and Yuet Meng Chang, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 000:000–000 (2011)
ABSTRACT: According to written sources, Roma (Romanies, Gypsies) arrived in the Balkans around 1,000 years ago from India and have subsequently spread through several parts of Europe. Genetic data, particularly from the Y chromosome, have supported this model, and can potentially refine it. We now provide an analysis of Y-chromosomal markers from five Roma and two non-Roma populations (N=787) in order to investigate the genetic relatedness of the Roma population groups to one another, and to gain further understanding of their likely Indian origins, the genetic contribution of non-Roma males to the Roma populations, and the early history of their splits and migrations in Europe. The two main sources of the Roma paternal gene pool were identified as South Asian and European. The reduced diversity and expansion of H1a-M82 lineages in all Roma groups imply shared descent from a single paternal ancestor in the Indian subcontinent. The Roma paternal gene pool also contains a specific subset of E1b1b1a-M78 and J2a2-M67 lineages, implying admixture during early settlement in the Balkans and the subsequent influx into the Carpathian Basin. Additional admixture, evident in the low and moderate frequencies of typical European haplogroups I1-M253, I2a-P37.2, I2b-M223, R1b1-P25, and R1a1-M198, has occurred in a more population-specific manner.
Population data for Y-chromosome haplotypes defined by 17 STRs in South-East Romania
Authors: Florin Stanciu, Veronica Cutar, Sorina Pirlea, Veronica Stoian, Ionel Marius Stoian, Olivia Sevastre, Oana Raluca Popescu, Legal Medicine 12 (2010) 259-264
Forensic Science Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
The team of scientists analyzed 122 unrelated males from nine counties of the Romania South-East region: Arges (2 samples), Calarasi (52), Constanta (5), Dâmbovita (6), Ialomita (2), Olt (19), Prahova (4), Teleorman (4) and Vrancea (28). The region of the Romanian capital city, Bucharest, was excluded from the study. Results for the Romanian male population (for 9 and 12 analyzed Y-STR loci) indicate higher genetical closeness to southern Slavic populations (Macedonian, Serbian, Bosnia–Herzegovinian and Croatia), followed by northern Slavic populations (Russian and Polish), as well as Lithuanian, Hungarian and Greek. Regarding the genetic similarity between these peoples, two main assumptions were formulated: (a) the historical recent event with the greatest influence on the current population genetic structure was the Slavic migration from the North Eastern Europe towards the Balkan Peninsula or (b) the genetic similarity between these peoples reflects the distribution of a Paleo–Balkan population, such as Thracians. These findings corroborate with a previous population study regarding South-Eastern Romania and the surrounding countries, which had been made using autosomal STR loci and integrates the South-Eastern Romania population among southern Slavic populations in the big picture of Slavic peoples described by the Rebała et al. [Rebała K, Mikulich AI, Tsybovsky IS, Siváková D, Dzˇupinková Z, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, et al. Y-STR variation among Slavs: evidence for the Slavic homeland in the middle Dnieper basin. J Hum Genet 2007;52(5):406–14.]
- The Journey of Mankind - The Peopling of the World Animated Map produced by the Bradshaw Foundation and Stephen Oppenheimer http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/
- The Origin of Romanians - Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_Romanians
- Genetic History of Europe - Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Europe
- Sephardic Jewish Community of Romania (incl. History and Genealogy) http://www.sephardicstudies.org/romania.html
- The Vlachs in Bosnia, by Noel Malcolm http://www.farsarotul.org/nl16_1.htm
- Interesting information, plus historical and ethnographic maps on Romania: http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaHistory/index.htm
- Romania: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress", Ronald D. Bachman, ed. 1989.http://countrystudies.us/romania/
- Haplogroup frequency correlations in Southeastern Europe by Dienekes, 29 August 2005 http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2005/08/haplogroup-frequency-correlations-in.html
- A New Genetic Map of Living Humans in Interconnected World Regionshttp://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~ncscotts/Misc/DNA%20Tribes%20-%20Global%20Survey%20-%20Regional%20Affinities.pdf
"The modern kingdom of Rumania consists of the provinces of Moldavia, Wallachia, Dobruja, Bessarabia, Transylvania, part of the Banat, and the Bukovina. The last four, while the majority of their inhabitants are Rumanians, have been Rumanian territory only since the World War. Moldavia is bounded on the west by the crest of the Carpathians, on the east by the Pruth River; Wallachia is bounded on the north by the Transylvanian Alps, and on the south by the Danube. Dobruja is the plain lying between the northward curve of the Danube and the Black Sea; it includes the important seaport of Constanza. In Moldavia and Wallachia the great majority of the population is Rumanian; the same is true to a large extent of Bessarabia, but in Transylvania there are large populations of Germans and of Magyars, already discussed in previous sections. In the Banat again there are many Hungarians, and a number of Serbs, while in the Dobruja lives one of the most scrambled populations of Europe. Here Bulgars, Ottoman Turks, Tatars, Gaguz, who claim to be descendants of the Kumans, Armenians, Kurds, Caucasic peoples, and a few of almost all the other peoples of Eastern Europe and western Asia are to be found. The Dobruja is as varied as the contents of an ethnological museum, and like a museum, each group clings tenaciously to everything that is its own. The inhabitants of Dobruja include, of course, both Gypsies and Jews, and Rumania is one of the greatest concentration points for both in Europe. The Jews form 5 per cent of the population of the pre-war section of the kingdom, and are especially numerous in northern Moldavia and the Bukovina, where their zone of concentration forms an extension of that in Polish Galicia. The Moldavian Jews, who are mainly of Polish or Russian antecedents, speak their own language, wear a separate costume, and mix little if at all with the Rumanian population.
In classical times Transylvania, Wallachia, and Moldavia formed what known as Dacia, and the Dacians were considered to be a branch of the Thracians. The Dacians included an upper class, distinguished by the practice of wearing brimless felt hats, Scythian style, and a peasantry, among whom the men went bare-headed, with their hair long, as do the older and more conservative of the present-day Rumanian peasants. Between 105 and 107 A.D. Trajan conquered Dacia, and made it a Roman province; the warlike inhabitants, who had long resisted the Romans, fled in great numbers, while their villages were being plundered; later, many are said to have returned. The Romans placed many colonists in Dacia, and for its defense established there the permanent headquarters of the thirteenth legion. In 256 A.D. the Goths arrived, and the Romans began a hasty departure; it is likely that many of the inhabitants of the country left with them. During the century and a half of Roman rule, the language of Dacia became Latin, and modern Rumanian is without doubt a descendant of that colonial speech. During the maximum extension of the empire, Latin and its derivatives were spoken in a wide zone peripheral to Rome, including the Iberian peninsula, Gaul, Switzerland, the Tyrol, and much of the territory lying between the head of the Adriatic and the Black Sea. Albanian, with its strong Latin infusion, must be considered a partial product of this extension; elsewhere Ladin, Romansch, and Rumanian must be considered survivals in the face of the barbarian invasions which converted most of southeastern Europe to Germanic, Slavic, Uralic, and Altaic speech.
Foreigners designate Rumanians and Rumanian speakers by the term Vlach; the Vlachs are the Rumanian speakers to be found throughout southeastern Europe, whether living in Rumania, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, or elsewhere. The word Vlach, which is a derivative from the Gothic, by way of Slavic, means "foreigner"; it is a cognate of our own word "Welsh," used by the Anglo-Saxons to designate Kymric-speaking Britons, and of "Walloon." The modern Vlach language, while basically Latin, shares with Albanian certain structural peculiarities which it must derive from Thracian or Illyrian, and at the same time contains a large number of Slavic roots. The use of a Romance language in Rumania today is not a simple case of a Romanized Dacian survival; the history of Rumania is too complicated to permit this explanation alone. After the departure of the Romans, Dacia was overrun by Goths, by Slavs, by Bulgars, by many kinds of Tatars, and by Ottoman Turks. It is very likely that the Vlach survival in these lands was only partial until the late Middle Ages, when the peasants who had resisted the inroads of these conquerors were joined by their kinsmen returning from Bulgaria and Macedonia, and from beyond the Carpathians. Since then the expansion of the Vlachs in what is now Rumania has been constant and, east of the Carpathians, nearly complete. The Vlachs have always been far wanderers; many of them are shepherds, and the pastoral life has been as important to them, until modern times, as agriculture.
In Macedonia and northern Greece, and in Southern Albania, Vlach colonists are nomads living in black tents like those of Arabs, and like those which one may suppose the Scythians used before them. In Dalmatia they were during the Middle Ages an important people. Dubrovnik (Ragusa) was originally a Vlach town. In the peninsula of Istria, now inhabited mostly by Slovenes and Italians, a small group of Vlach speakers, the Cici, has resisted assimilation to this day. These Istrian Vlachs, early invaders of Illyrian territory, are the remnants of a former link in the continuity of the Roman Empire between the Atlantic and the Black Sea. In view of the complex ethnic history of Rumania, the living Rumanians may be expected to show evidence of a multiplicity of racial origin. To native Dacian elements, which must have included a blend of indigenous Neolithic peoples with Satem-speaking Nordics, have been added whatever population the Romans brought and which did not run away, and a multitude of early Slavs whom the Vlachs absorbed. Other elements, Ugric, Tatar, and Gothic, were probably of lesser importance. The Rumanians, as a whole, in the early part of the present century, had a mean stature of roughly 167 cm, which is probably nearly representative today.
There is little regional variation; what there is indicates that the mountaineers of the northern Rumanian Carpathians may be taller than the rest, since the villagers of Fundul Moldovii, studied by Rainer, have a mean of nearly 170 cm; those living on the Bessarabian plain amongst the Ukrainians seem to be the shortest, with a mean as low as 165 cm. A greater variation is found in the cephalic index; on the plains of Moldavia and Wallachia, and in the Dobruja, the Rumanians are as a rule mesocephals or sub-brachycephals, with means of 80 to 81; they are are nearly as long-headed as the Bulgarians. In the mountains, however, they are fully Dinaric or Alpine in their brachycephaly, with a mean of 85.4 in Fundul Moldovii in the Bukovinian highlands, and of 86 in Bukovina in general, where they equal the brachycephaly of the Huzuls.
Within the curve of the Carpathians, they are also completely brachycephalic; means from Rumanians in Transylvania and in the Banat lie between 84 and 85, although in the village of Dragus, an old and completely Rumanian settlement lying just inside the bend in the mountain crest where the Transylvanian Alps become the eastern Carpathians, and not far from the Saxon city of Kronstadt, the mean is 86.6. We are dealing, therefore, with two kinds of Rumanians; the mesocephalic ones of the eastern plains, and the brachycephalic ones of the Carpathians and the lands to the west. The Carpathians form a sharp boundary delimiting the eastward and northeastward extension of Alpine brachycephaly in Europe. This boundary shows little regard for language or for ethnic tradition.
The Rumanians of the plains show a general metrical similarity to the Neo-Danubians of the Slavic countries to the north, and at the same time a relationship to the longer-headed Bulgarians. The village of Nerejul Mare, some eighty miles north of Bucharest on the southeastern slope of the Carpathians, will serve as an example of the plains population, although the mean cephalic index of its inhabitants, 81.5, is higher than in some districts. The mean stature is 166.8 cm, the relative sitting height 52.7. Eighty-eight per cent of the men have black or dark brown to brown hair, the rest light brown or blond. Pure dark eyes are found among 54 per cent, light eyes among 11 per cent, with the rest mixed, mostly dark-mixed. Thus the population is prevailingly brunet, as well as moderately tall, intermediate in body build, and sub-brachycephalic. The mean head length of 186 mm, and breadth of 151 mm show a moderately small head size; the auricular height of 125 mm is relatively high. The face is of moderate size, with a height of 121 mm, and breadths of 102 mm for the minimum frontal, 140 mm. for the bizygomatic, and 106 mm. for the bigonial. The nose is small, with a height of 53.2 mm and a breadth of 34.2 mm. The face is mesoprosopic, with a facial index of 86, and leptorrhine, with a nasal index of 65. While these cranial and facial indices place the inhabitants of Nerejul Mare definitely in the same class with the peasantry of most of Russia, the intensity of hair and eye pigmentation, and the narrowness of the forehead and nose, as contrasted to the breadth of the jaw, suggest the brunet long-headed element in Bulgaria and Greece. Rainer finds these moderately tall Mediterraneans among his villagers, as well as individuals of Neo-Danubian, Slavic-looking type; Alpines and Dinarics are partly responsible for the elevation of the cephalic index, and Norics are present as a Nordic by-product. In Moldavia as a whole, however, the Neo-Danubian and Black Sea Mediterranean forms are the two elements of greatest importance, and the same is true of Wallachia.
The mountaineers of Fundul Moldovii, in the Bukovina, are taller than the villagers just studied, with a mean stature, quoted above, of 169.5 cm; their cephalic index mean is 85.4, while their nasal index reaches the low mean of 60. They are somewhat lighter eyed than the plainsmen, and darker haired. Their heads are broader, with a mean width of 157 mm, rather than shorter, and hence larger. Their faces are longer (124 mm) and broader (144 mm), while both foreheads and jaws also exceed those of the Moldavian villagers in breadth, and their nasal lengths (56.4 mm) are considerably greater. Fifteen per cent have flattened occiputs Although only 20 per cent have convex nasal profiles, in the great majority the forward jut of the nose, accompanied by a straight or wavy profile, is great. The Fundul Moldovii people are in great majority Dinarics; a few appear Alpine, and a few others Noric. By and large, if the inhabitants of this village were transported to northern Albania and given a change of costume, few anthropologists would be able to tell the difference between the newcomers and the native tribesmen. The inhabitants of Dragus, farther south and on the Transylvanian side, and no farther from Bucharest than Nerejul Mare, are just as Dinaric metrically as the Bukovinian villagers; their heads are, in fact, shorter, with a mean length of 182 mm., as are their faces; they resemble to a certain extent the Dinaric form common among Serbs. Leaving the political boundaries of Rumania, we find two groups of Vlachs who have been the subjects of special study; those of Macedonia and of Istria.
The Vlachs of Macedonia are the tallest of the many varied ethnic groups which compose that region, with a mean stature of 168 cm., and have the greatest absolute head length (188 mm). They are low brachycephals, with a mean cephalic index of 83, are predominantly dark-haired and dark-eyed, and straight-nosed. They show some Dinaric influences, as do all the peoples of Macedonia; on the whole, however, their closest affiliation is with the brunet mesocephals and dolichocephals of the eastern Balkan area. There are, nevertheless, a few blonds among them, and these are usually Nordic. The Istrian Vlachs, on the other hand, are complete Dinarics with a mean stature of 169 cm., a cephalic index of 86, and head and facial dimensions which cannot be distinguished from those of most Dinarics. In their high brachycephaly, however, and in their facial and nasal lengths, as well as in a predominant brunet tendency, they are much closer to the Tyrolese, and especially to the Ladin-speakers, than to the Slovenes among whom they live. They are also very similar to their distant linguistic relatives in the Carpathians.
The Vlachs, a widespread and numerous people in southeastern Europe, are the descendants of Romanized aborigines, and of other peoples whom these latter have absorbed. They have no racial homogeneity, but vary regionally according to the races long seated in the regions where they live. In the northeast, where the Moldavian plain forms a continuation of the Black Earth region of southern Russia, the Neo-Danubian type of the Black Earth region is predominant; in the southeast, where a local Atlanto-Mediterranean type is concentrated, the Vlachs tend to assume that form; west of the Carpathians, and near the crest of that range, they are Dinarics of the first rank, comparable to that other group of mountain-dwelling speakers of Neo-Latin, the Ladiner.
In studying the racial composition of southern Russia, there was evidence of a moderately tall, long-headed, brunet Mediterranean form, which is concentrated along the northern shore of the Black Sea, but which also appears sporadically in the entire Russian population. To western Europeans and Americans, it is better known than its frequency would warrant, for it is exemplified by several world famous ballerinas and opera singers. This is the Mediterranean racial division which the Russian anthropologists call Pontic and which the Poles recognize as a very minor element in their own population. It is with little doubt of Neolithic date in southern Russia, Rumania, Bulgaria, and the Hellespont region, and probably in Greece and the Aegean. In most of Thrace it seems more basic than the Danubian, or at least more common. What its relationship may be to the introduction of the Neolithic economy into Europe by land or by sea, cannot be determined without more data."
From The Races of Europe, by Carleton Stevens Coon, written before WWII Source: http://www.snpa.nordish.net/chapter-XII16.htm
Download the entire volume as a ZIP file (about 17 Mb) at: http://www.snpa.nordish.net/TRoE.zip
Map of Macedonia, Thracia, Illyria, Moesia and Dacia - after 271 AD (printed in 1849)
Post-Glacial Population expansions (Early Holocene)
T Cardos G et.al., Paleo-mtDNA analysis of old Thracian populations from S-E Romania
Rom J Leg Med 12 (4) 239 – 246 (2004)© 2004 Romanian Society of Legal Medicine
Stoian V., Miritoiu N., Department of Genetics-University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Comsa A., Institute of Anthropology-Romanian Academy of Science, Bucharest, Romania
Kroll A., Romanian National Institute of Archaeology/Thracology -Romanian Academy of Science, Bucharest, Romania
Voss S., Rodewald A.
Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Dr. Director of Institute of Human Biology, University of Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; tel: 0049-40-428382271, fax: 428383174, e-mail: email@example.com Department of Human Biology-University of Hamburg, Germany
Note: Certain technical aspects have been omitted from the article, for space purposes
ABSTRACT: Paleo-mtDNA analysis and population genetic aspects of old Thracian populations from South-East of Romania.
We have performed a study of mtDNA polymorphisms (HVR I and HVR II sequences) on the skeletal remains of some old Thracian populations from SE of Romania, dating from the Bronze and Iron Age in order to show their contribution to the foundation of the modern Romanian genetic pool and the degree of their genetic kinships with other old and modern human European populations. For this purpose we have applied and adapted three DNA extraction methods: the phenol/chloroform, the guanidine isotiocianat and silica particles and thirdly the Invisorb Forensic Kit (Invitek)-based DNA extraction method. We amplified by PCR short fragments of HVR I and HVR II and sequenced them by the Sanger method.So far, we have obtained mtDNA from 13 Thracian individuals, which we have compared with several modern mtDNA sequences from 5 European present-day populations.Our results reflect an evident genetic similarity between the old Thracian individuals and the modern populations from SE of Europe.
The scientific research in the field of ancient and degraded DNA has opened new possibilities and prospects for generally studying the evolution of life and studying the evolution of humankind in particular and also in forensic sciences. The major sources of biological material to examine the past are skeletons and rarely some soft tissues (especially in case of mummies). The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers are often used in such studies because of some particular traits of mt genome, such as: its presence in multiple copies per cell; its maternal inheritance; lack of recombination; and its mutation rate about 10 times faster than the average nuclear genes. From the whole mt genome, the most used in population or phylogenetic studies is the D-loop region or the control region, an uncoding sequence of about900 bp in the human mt genome. This mtDNA region shows the highest sequence polymorphism from the whole mt genome and mainly consists of HVR I and HVR II, which are the highly valuable DNA markers for such kind of studies. In the human mt genome, the HVR I consists of 341 bp between the nucleotide position (np) 16,024 bp to np 16,365 and the HVR II consists of 267 bp from np 73 to np 340.The two HVR mt regions reveal about 3 % variability between two unrelated individuals. In this context our study has focused on the mtDNA analysis (HVR I and HVR II region polymorphisms) on the skeletal remains of individuals from some old Thracian populations found in SE of Romania, dating from the Bronze and Iron Age, in order to show their genetic kinship with other old and modern European populations and their contribution to the foundation of the modern Romanian genetic pool.
Historical context
From archaeological and anthropological sources it is known that the Thracian people were formed during along historical lapse of time by an admixture of aboriginal and new arrived human groups. By a progressive development, these people had constituted in their basic elements during the 3rd - 2nd millennium B.C. The Thracian people lived on the land between the Carpathian Mountains (towards the N) and the Aegean Sea (towards the S), yet some Thracian elements were also found northwest of Little Asia and Slovakia. There is also a lot of archaeological material ascribed to the Thracian populations discovered in SE and E of Romania.
Material and methods
The biological material from our study has been represented by bones and teeth belonging to some individuals from the old Thracian populations from SE of Romania, which have either been well or less preserved, depending on the environmental factors from the archaeological site. The human fossil bones of 20 individuals dating about 3200-4100 years, from the Bronze Age, belonging to some cultures such as Tei, Monteoru and Noua, were found in graves from some necropoles in SE of Romania, namely in Zimnicea, Smeeni, Candesti,Cioinagi-Balintesti, Gradistea-Coslogeni and Sultana-Malu Rosu. The human fossil bones and teeth of 27 individuals from the early Iron Age, dating from the 10th - 7th century B.C. from the Hallstatt Era (the Babadag Culture), were found extremely SE of Romania near the Black Sea coast, in some settlements from Dobrogea, namely: Jurilovca, Satu Nou, Babadag, Niculitel and Enisala-Palanca. They had fossilized in some common pits, most of them on stone surfaces, covered by loess and an ash layer. Most of the fossil teeth were much better preserved than many human old bones probably due to the enamel layer which protect teeth against damaging induced by diagenetic factors. All human fossils from our study have been preserved at room temperature since their discovery between the years 1997-2003.
Sample preparation and DNA extraction
First and foremost, to prevent any contamination, sterile protective equipment,instruments, reagents and three different rooms for ancient DNA (aDNA) extraction, PCR amplification and cleaning-up the PCR products were used. To remove any previous contamination, the skeletal samples were treated by firstly removing the outer layer, secondly exposing them to UV light for 10 minutes on each side, thirdly washing them with absolute EtOH, EtOH 70%, distilled water, and lastly letting them dry at 30°C in the oven over night. Once again, the skeletal samples were exposed to UV light for 10 minutes on each side and then ground to a fine powder. For aDNA extraction we used the three following methods:
- the phenol-based DNA extraction method as described by Humme and modified it by removing the decalcification step and prolonging the cell lysis step to 15-18 hours;
- the guanidine tiocianat and silica-based method described by Hoss and Pääbo and modified it by prolonging the extraction step to 15-18 hours and removing the final elution step. The DNA extracts with silica suspension were used for the DNA amplification byPCR reactions;
- the Invisorb Forensic Kit (Invitek)-based DNA extraction method modified it by using silica particles instead of carrier suspension. To detect any contamination of the reagents, a negative control (without sample) was used for each aDNA extraction.
The four DNA sequences have been amplified from extracts obtained by all three DNA extraction methods described above. Up to now we have obtained aDNA from 6 individuals from the Bronze Age and from 7 individuals from the Iron Age. The other samples still require further extractions and/or amplifications in order to confirm the results. Only the HVR I polymorphisms are presented below because we have so far only obtained a few and short Thracian HVR II sequences, without scientific relevance for a sequence analysis.
The comparison of HVR I sequences (the two fragments) of old Thracian populations and 5 European present populations: Thracian, Romanian, Albanian, Bulgarian, Greek, Italian; CRS = Cambridge Reference Sequence; N = unknown nucleotide
First, we have done the alignment of the Thracian mtDNA sequences separately with each sample of 20 sequences from the five modern European populations by using BIOEDIT programme and we noticed that in the mtDNA sequences analysed there are 12 nucleotide positions which gave us some information about the genetic kinship of the five modern European populations with the old Thracian populations (alignments not shown). Then, from all modern European mtDNA sequences we have chosen only the most informative HVR I sequences, which contain at least one of the 12 informative nucleotide positions, to align them with the mtDNA sequences of the old Thracian populations to show their genetic kinship more relevant. The 12 nucleotide positions in which there are common point mutations in comparison with the European mitochondrial sequence CRS, in the sixth populations analysed here are as follows:
1) 16126 np with T→C transition is shown by 10 Italian, 1 Greek, 2 Albanian, and 2 Romanian individuals,
2) 16129 np with G→A transition shown by 1 Thracian, 1 Italian, 3 Greek, 1 Bulgarian and 3 Albanian individuals,
3) 16145 np with G→A transition shown by 1 Thracian and 1 Italian individuals,
4) 16186 np with C→T transition shown by 1 Thracian, 3 Italian, 1 Greek, 1 Romanian individuals,
5) 16190 np with T→C transition shown by 1 Thracian, 2 Romanian, 8 Italian, 4 Greek,3 Bulgarian and 2 Albanian individuals,
6) 16193 np with C→T transition shown by 1 Thracian, 2 Greek and 1 Albanian individuals,
7) 16223 np with C→T transition shown by 1Thracian, 1 Romanian, 1 Greek, 2 Albanian and 2 Bulgarian individuals,
8) 16283 np with A→C transversion shown by 1 Thracian and 1 Romanian individuals,
9) 16294 np with C→T transition shown by 1 Romanian, 1 Italian and 1 Albanian individuals,
10) 16311 np with T→C transition shown by 1 Thracian, 1 Romanian, 3 Greek, 4 Italian and 5 Albanian individuals,
11) 16356 np with T→C transition shown by 2 Romanian and 1 Bulgarian individuals and
12) 16362 np with T→C transition shown by 2 Thracian, 4 Romanian, 4 Bulgarian and 2 Italian individuals.
As we can notice in the latter alignment, the Thracian individuals have shown informative point mutations in 7 np, the Romanian, Greek and Albanian individuals in 8 np, the Italian individuals in 7 np and the Bulgarian individuals in only 5 np out of the 12 most informative nucleotide positions presented above. As concerns the frequency of point mutations in the 12 nucleotide positions we have realized that the Italian individuals show the highest mutation frequency with 12.5%, followed by the Thracian individuals with 8.3%, the Albanian individuals with 7.5%, the Romanian and Greek individuals with 6.25% and the Bulgarian individuals with only 4.6%. Computing the frequency of common point mutations of the present-day European population with the Thracian population has resulted that the Italian (7.9%), the Albanian (6.3%) and the Greek (5.8%) have shown a bias of closer genetic kinship with the Thracian individuals than the Romanian and Bulgarian individuals (only 4.2%).
Conclusions and prospects
In conclusion we believe that our results reflect an evident genetic similarity between the old Thracian individuals analysed up to now in our study and the modern populations from SE of Europe. So far we can just suppose, that the old Thracian populations would have been able to contribute to the foundation of the Romanian modern genetic pool. More mtDNA sequences from Thracian individuals are needed in order to perform an complex objective statistical analysis.
We would like to thank Dan Botezatu and Georgeta Miu from the Institute of Thracology-Iasi and Andrei Soficaru from the Institute of Anthropology-Bucharest for their help in giving us some skeletal samples from the Bronze Age and Hermann Müller from the Department of Human Biology-University of Hamburg forhis graphical contribution.
- Opermann M., (1988) Tracii intre Arcul Carpatic si Marea Egee, Ed. Militara, Bucuresti
- Hummel S. (2003) Ancient DNA typing: Methods, Strategies and Applications, Springer-Verlag BerlinHeidelberg New York
- Hoos M., Pääbo S. (1993) DNA extraction from Pleistocene bones by silica-based method, NucleicAcids Res. 21: 3913-39144. Cattaneo C., Dimartino S., Scali S., Craig O., Grandi M., Sokol R.J. (1999) Determining the human origin of fragments of burnt bones: a comparative study of histological, immunological and DNAtechniques, Forensic Science International, 102:181-1915. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A.R. (1977) DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors,Proc.Natl.Acat.Sci.74:5463-54676. Andrews R, Kubacka I., Chinnery P., Lightowlers R., Turnbull D., Howell N. (1999) Reanalysis andrevision of the Cambridge reference sequence for human mitochondrial DNA.Nat, Genet. 23:1477. Richards M. et al. (2000) Tracing European Founder Lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA Pool,Am.J.Hum.Genet. 67:1251-12768. Hall T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program forWindows 95/98/NT, Nucl. Acids. Symp. Ser. 41:95-98.
- Paleo-mtDNA analysis and population genetic aspects of old Thracian populations from South-East of Romania
- The Thracian tribes (by Opermann, 1988).
- Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine Vol. XII, nr. 4, 2004


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I work as an any media artist with different media such as 2D(-prints), 3D-objects, photography, video, poetry, the internet and Machinima. In my work I'm mainly driven by ethical and human world issues, and by these I explore the possibilities of communicating through art and esthetics. Especially my journeys, and contacts with other cultures and their local ways and conditions of living, like in Africa and South America, are significant for the development of my perception, my vision and my work.
Partly because of my background in non-profit communication and Social Science Informatics, I felt for years the need for occupying myself with art as medium. I am therefore self-taught in the craft.
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Contributed by DrewXFishy, Posted by Aubin Paul Bridge Nine Tours
UK-based Dead Swans will be recording a new EP in 2012 titled Anxiety and Everything Else. The hardcore band's guitarist said this:
The new EP is the same Dead Swans you know, but we've stepped it up a level. We're going back to record at Cro's Nest studio as we love the recording on Southern Blue, and want to go for a similar, raw sound.
The group has also announced a European headlining tour to be supported by Philadelphia's Horror Show.
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|The Underworld


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Donald Duterte
Bearing a big smile Donald Trump for a hefty man strides rapidly into Malacañang Palace and extends a hand to his host, President Rodrigo Duterte, who says, "No, bro, like this," and holds out his right fist, evidently a more macho version of the Nazi salute, which after all was open-handed, and nods for Trump […]
Also posted in Barack Obama, Donald Trump, Kim Jong-Un, Korea, Nuclear Weapons, Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte
Heath Ledger to Tiger Woods
Dear Tiger, I'm not going to preach, from a faraway place, but I'm damn well going to tell you about prescription drug abuse. You may know I've been gone more than nine years now, and like you mixed drugs that taken together dramatically increase their effects and stop many young, strong hearts. Choose any statistics […]
Also posted in Elvis Presley, Golf, Heath Ledger, Mental Health, Movies, Tiger Woods
The Marijuana Fair
Poor Curt, a naturally nervous sort, had daily been peeing a lot and obsessing about ancient slights and, prior to showering, cursing those he should've socked and those he planned to still. He could not take this anymore but hadn't much considered what he should do, noting only he'd been having fantasies from decades ago. […]
Against the Wall
Waving for his aide to sit down, the dapper man in Los Pinos squeezed a phone and dialed about twenty numbers, waiting while the White House phone rang. "Hello," said a woman. "This is President Peña Nieto. Who's this?" "Melania." "Please let me speak to President Trump." "What country are you from?" "Mexico." "Oh, you're […]
Also posted in Cocaine, Donald Trump, Enrique Pena Nieto, Immigration, Melania Trump, Murder
The Loaded Lip
Listen to me. I'm determined to kill a hundred thousand drug dealers and users and to fatten fish in Manila Bay where I'll dump all destroyers of our children. I won't actually be doing the killing and the lifting and dumping, of course. I'm president of the Philippines and before that was the feared and […]
Also posted in Murder, Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte
In Other Hands – Published and Available
IN OTHER HANDS — In search of stimulating stories, George Thomas Clark interviewed prostitutes in Madrid, Mexico City, Havana, and Managua and on many boulevards in the United States, and talked to detectives and rode the rough roads of social workers who deal with human trafficking, which is contemporary slavery, and toured the tattered, handmade […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Ecuador, Homeless, Human Trafficking, In Other Hands, Mexico, Poverty, Prostitution, Spain
Snapshots from the Van
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in Bakersfield, Prostitution, Sex, Slavery
The History Teacher
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in Cocaine, Education, Prostitution, Sex, Slavery
Pfizer's Little Pills
This story is from the rousing campaign book "King Donald"
Also posted in Bernie Sanders, Campaign 2016, Hillary Clinton, Pfizer, Poetry - GTC
King of the Pimps
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in Cocaine, Dennis Hof, Nevada, Pimps, Prostitution, Sex, Slavery
Interview with a Vice Detective
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in Los Angeles, Murder, Pimps, Prostitution, Sex, Slavery
Getting the Girls
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in AIDS, Cocaine, Los Angeles, Siege of Vicksburg, Slavery
Gypsies in Madrid
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in Cocaine, English, George Thomas Clark, Gypsies, Heroin, Immigration, Madrid, Madrid Vacation, Marijuana, Poverty, Racism, Spain, Theft
The Trafficked Life
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in Bakersfield, Highway 58, Highway 99, Interstate 5, Michael Fagans, Pimps, Prostitution, Slavery
Homeless on the River
This story is in "In Other Hands," a collection of riveting stories about human trafficking, prostitution, poverty, and homelessness.
Also posted in Alcohol, Bakersfield, Economics, Health, Homeless, Kern River, Mental Health, Methamphetamine, Nicotine, Poverty
Chapo Guzman Returns to Prison
"I'm in charge of Altiplano prison, Chapo, and didn't come here because you asked. Or did you think you ordered me? Remember, the director who preceded me, and helped you escape, is locked in a nearby cell and will doubtless be incarcerated the rest of his life, as will you." "Of course, comandante. I'm honored […]
Also posted in Chapo Guzman, Mexico, Movies, Murder, Prisons
Moonshine Sip
The moonshine, clear and innocuous as water, is offered in rustic form, in a jar. I inquire about its potency and Mike says: two hundred proof plus. That alarms me since tequila, an unforgiving force from the hallucinogenic mescal cactus, only packs eighty proof. Intrigued by the spirit of youthful experimentation, I sip a little, […]
Also posted in Alcohol, George Thomas Clark
Chapo Recaptured
okay the cabrones recaptured me and killed five amigos before taking me back to prison where i'd tunneled out and i asked for my old cell but you know cabrones they said i'd be somewhere else
Also posted in Chapo Guzman, Mexico, Murder, Poetry - GTC
Beer Binge
A lot of kids in high school mature much faster than I and at age sixteen are already six-month veterans of dating, drinking, and pot smoking, and quite ready to play the expert when I decide to try alcohol and ask what it feels like to get drunk. Everyone assures me it's fun and to […]
Also posted in Alcohol
street signs claim gun and drug free zone
Also posted in Crime, Guns, Poetry - GTC
Love Medicine
This story is now in the collection "Tales of Romance"
Yaqui Lopez Remembers
Please trust that people often used to tell me, "You have the best memory of anyone I ever met." I could, and often still can, recall details of events decades ago and usually enhance the anecdote by noting the month and year: I moved to California in July 1958, I got my first car in […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Bobby Chacon, Boxing, Dementia Pugilistica, Matthew Saad Muhammad, Yaqui Lopez
Chapo Discusses Great Escape
This is Chapo Guzman's first interview since escaping from the Atiplano high security prison fifty-five miles from Mexico City. His representatives blindfolded and administered narcotics to an anonymous journalist before taking him/her to meet the man. Anonymous Journalist – Congratulations on your thrilling escape. Chapo Guzman – Those cocksuckers were loco to think they could […]
Also posted in Chapo Guzman, Donald Trump, Mexico, Murder, Prisons
Chapo Guzman Escapes
I am at once humiliated and outraged that hypocritical Mexican officials have fired me as director of Altiplano prison in Mexico and loudly accused me of incompetence if not outright cooperation in the recent escape by celebrity mass murderer and narcotics trafficker Chapo Guzman. That is unfair. I am merely one decent man in a […]
Also posted in Chapo Guzman, Mexico, Murder, Prisons
Pimp Online
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in Incest, Poverty, Prostitution, Slavery
Dear Friends
This story is now in the collection "Tales of Romance"
Also posted in Alcohol, Bankruptcy, Cocaine, Divorce, Economics, Friendship, Marriage
Bruce Jenner Opens Up
I was twenty-three in the spring of 1976 and often played basketball in the Sacramento State University gym and then drove to the all-weather track on the south side of campus and jogged before running wind sprints. People often complimented me for being in good shape, and I considered myself a stud but must've known […]
Also posted in Bruce Jenner, Diane Sawyer, Elvis Presley, Kim Kardashian, Kris Jenner, Murder, Newspapers, O.J. Simpson, Sex, Television, Track & Field, Transgender
Here Comes the Bride
This story is now in the collection "Tales of Romance"
Also posted in Marriage, Mexico, Short Pieces - GTC
Curing Dan Gilbert
This story is in the collection "Basketball and Football"
Also posted in Basketball, Chris Bosh, Cleveland, Dan Gilbert, Detroit, Dwyane Wade, Elvis Presley, Lebron James, Manu Ginobelli, Mental Health, Michael Jackson, Tim Duncan
Interview with Chapo
I'm a young reporter and delighted to be first to interview Chapo Guzman in his new cell at Altiplano, in the state of Mexico. I've met some celebrities but never such a big star. I imagine he must be pretty sad and discouraged living in a prison that has proven impregnable. Walls three feet thick […]
Also posted in Chapo Guzman, Cocaine, Mexico, Murder
Alcohol v. Pot
I was a happy tourist at the pinnacle of Washington's Monument when I became woozy and awakened an indeterminate time later in a dungeon. God, kidnapped by terrorists, I thought but reconsidered when several white males, attired in green surgical gowns, marched in and one said, "Experimentation will begin when the chief returns." "Who's he […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Barack Obama, Basketball, Kevin Durant, Lebron James, Marijuana
Free Chapo Guzman
No one paid us. No one gave us food or alcohol. No one told us to march in the streets of Culiacan. We marched and carried signs with hundreds maybe thousands of others because we love Chapo Guzman and want him freed from prison immediately. Chapo is our hero. He creates jobs and gives money […]
Also posted in Chapo Guzman, Cocaine, Mexico, Murder
Chapo Guzman's Five-Star Prison
You think I'm worried they captured me. Don't be dumb. I let them take me. I'm tired of hiding in hovels in the Sierra or scurrying like a rat through city tunnels. I want the good life I've earned as a billionaire and one of the world's most dangerous men. I want luxury and safety […]
Also posted in Chapo Guzman, Enrique Pena Nieto, Mexico, Murder
Philip Seymour Hoffman
don't want whole beer only half enough to roll
Also posted in Alcohol, Heroin, Movies, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Poetry - GTC, Truman Capote, Writers
Careful, Justin Bieber
I'm surrounded by lots of nasty newspaper and magazine articles and insulting letters and want you to understand this deluge on my doorstep is the same or worse than cyber bullying. Not many understand. I'm nineteen and make fifty million a year and fans love me and I'm doing things most my age would do. […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Bakersfield, Calabasas, Cars & Driving, Housing, Justin Bieber, Miami, Music, Neighborhoods
End of Suffering
Frankly, I don't often feel well and really should say I never do. I don't know what the problem is but try to feel better by smoking bath salts, not the stuff you use in the tub but a combination of chemicals that're way stronger than amphetamines. This morning the bath salts hit me much […]
Also posted in Bakersfield, Families, Mental Health, Murder
Prime Real Estate
Come on in. This Tijuana home may be modest but it's yours for a tenth you'd pay in San Diego. Now, step back here and check out the kitchen. You won't have to go out front or back doors. Leave through this fine tunnel and relax in the little rail car rolling seven hundred yards […]
Another Rogers Family Tragedy – Reggie Dies
This book is in the collection "Basketball and Football"
Also posted in Basketball, Cocaine, Donald Rogers, Football, Reggie Rogers, Sacramento, UCLA
Stanley Ketchel Survives
This story is part of the collection "Death in the Ring"
Also posted in Alcohol, Boxing, Carlos Monzon, Harry Greb, Marvin Hagler, Murder, Opium, Ray Robinson, Stanley Ketchel
When Termperament Wins
This story is from the collection "Death in the Ring"
Also posted in Alcohol, Boxing, Edwin Rosario, Loreto Garza, Mental Health, Vinny Pazienza
Adopting Sonny Liston
This story is part of the collection "Death in the Ring"
Also posted in Alcohol, Boxing, Crime, Families, Sonny Liston
Barack Marijuana
Flanked by secret service agents I entered Oval Office and was stunned to see several people circled around presidential desk, inhaling, coughing, and passing pungent marijuana. As female aide placed joint to lips President Barack Obama lunged by three people, snatched smoke from her hands, shouted, "Intercepted," and took deep drag he long held, as […]
Also posted in Barack Obama, Marijuana, Politics, Short Pieces - GTC, Tobacco
The Hector Camacho Experience
I'm only fifteen but in jail and then out I can't slow down and don't want to everything's moving so fast I have to fight fuck dance and talk and I love speeding in stolen cars and taking other things and get more excited in the ring. I'm so much quicker than opponents I belt […]
Also posted in Boxing, Cocaine, Crime, Hector Camacho, Julio Cesar Chavez, Murder, New York City, Oscar de la Hoya, Puerto Rico, Ray Leonard
Cocaine Budget
Prudent buyers know coke's twenty-two hundred a kilo after harvest in Colombia, five grand in northern port of Cartagena, ten grand in violent Honduras, twelve in exotic Oaxaca, sixteen in Ciudad Juarez war zone, twenty-four in Dallas, home of America's team, and twenty-seven thousand in New York City, where housing's also damned expensive.
Also posted in Ciudad Juarez, Cocaine, Colombia, Dallas, Honduras, New York City, Short Pieces - GTC
Professor Party
He taught English or something at Berkeley and students called him Professor, admired clipped beard, and cheered when he entered parties. Students eventually said they didn't know when professor asked, and he stopped anyway because they hindered drinking, and teaching too proved inconvenient before he lugged ragged beard into streets of Bakersfield.
Also posted in Alcohol, Bakersfield, Education, Parties, Short Pieces - GTC
Freudian Advice
Sigmund Freud occasionally injected small amounts of cocaine under skin and effused it magically cured depression and induced euphoria while giving strength and endurance of ox. Believing delights caused "absolutely no craving" he wanted to share with fiancée he warned would soon kiss quite "red" to prove "big man with cocaine in body" is stronger […]
Also posted in Cocaine, Mental Health, PBS, Short Pieces - GTC, Sigmund Freud
On cold night drunk in another bar he met chunky woman who opened purse and showed white powder they snorted in car. At apartment she called neighbor who walked over, sold more, asked for hit, and took three, firing thousand words before leaving. They burned noses and strained hearts two hours before moving upstairs and […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Mental Health, Methamphetamine, Sex, Short Pieces - GTC
Quito Hills
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in Brazil, Caracas, Crime, Ecuador, Poverty, Quito, Rio de Janeiro, South America, Venezuela
"La india" of Abraham Angel
This story is part of the collection "Paint it Blue" To see "La india," 1923, by Abraham Angel, please click here.
Also posted in Abraham Angel, Art, Cocaine, Homosexuals, Mental Health, Painters, Poetry - GTC, Suicide
President Chapo Guzman
Come on. Admit it. You keep having to Google "new Mexican president" because you can't remember Enrique Pena Nieto. He's handsome but like generic model and smooth but so's oily auto part. You know he represents old guard PRI that ruled dictatorially for decades, spoon feeding wealthy while ignoring poor. Trust me, Enrique Pena Nieto […]
Also posted in Chapo Guzman, Cocaine, Crime, Enrique Pena Nieto, Methamphetamine, Mexico, Murder
Travel Advice
Avoid crowded and dangerous Mexico City, stay way from torrid beaches, ignore over-hyped pyramids, and forget boring cathedrals. Instead, come to San Juan in infernal yet enchanting Nuevo León. Here you'll meet friendly and forthright people. Don't worry about forty-nine headless corpses on highway under welcoming white arch. Everything's been cleaned up, and narcotics traffickers […]
Also posted in Crime, Mexico, Mexico City, Murder, Short Pieces - GTC
Tobacco: The Holdouts
This story is part of the collection "Paint it Blue"
Also posted in Art, Los Angeles, Painters, Robert Colescott, Tobacco
Mexican Journalists Murdered
routine news three mexican journalists found maimed in plastic bags week after female reporter strangled at home To read "Drug Rehabilitation in Ciudad Juarez," please click here To read "Mexican Society Under Attack," please click here
Also posted in Crime, Mexico, Poetry - GTC
Mass Murder in Mexico
Hasn't been much new in search engines about discovery of hundred seventy-seven corpses near San Fernando, Mexico. Occasional reports reminded just eighty miles south of border Mexican authorities ignored mountain of unclaimed luggage in bus depot before finally digging holes and discovering mummified Central Americans and Mexicans who'd headed north to work. Some had been […]
Also posted in Agriculture, Crime, Google, Mexico, Short Pieces - GTC
stranded soul implodes
Also posted in Alcohol, Mental Health, Poetry - GTC
Mind Afire
mind afire doused with gas
Also posted in Alcohol, Mental Health, Poetry - GTC
Baseball Bat Killers Sentenced
Two years ago a murder story in Bakersfield haunted me and, despite uneasiness, I decided to view the crime scene. A forty-year old man, Patrick Matsuda, who lived in a neighborhood of new and expensive homes, had been killed by bat-wielding miscreants. For weeks residents had been complaining to each other and the police that […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Bakersfield, Bodybuilding, Housing, Mixed Martial Arts, Murder, Neighborhoods, Wrestling
Bobby Brown – The Whole Truth
Before presenting what Bobby Brown allegedly said and did, I must explain this book was originally conceived as an autobiography and author Derrick Handspike, according to his account, hung out with and interviewed the singer for a year, diligently wrote the book, and later squirmed as Brown and his advisers delayed final preparations for publication. […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Bobby Brown, Cocaine, Families, Heroin, Marriage, Music, Whitney Houston
Reviving Whitney Houston
Only in quite rare cases am I permitted to intervene retroactively and attempt to salvage lives of those recently deceased. Heretofore my efforts, results of which cannot be discussed, focused on people unknown to the public but intimate with some of your neighbors. In this instance, I was summoned not merely to recall the decedent […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Bobby Brown, Cocaine, Music, Whitney Houston
Hot Rock
hot rock lungs tattoo brain To read other poems and features about cocaine, please click here
Also posted in Cocaine, Mental Health, Pigs - Oscar
Whitney Houston, 1963-2012
remember one beautiful as whitney houston who made star spangled banner soar and moved heaven singing i'll always love you may harbor soul broken as man in gutter and seek relief same way To watch Whitney Houston sing the National Anthem before the 1991 Super Bowl, please click here
Also posted in Alcohol, Bobby Brown, Cocaine, Mental Health, Music, Whitney Houston
Remembering Mass Murder in San Fernando, Mexico
There hasn't been much new news in search engines about the discovery one year ago of a hundred seventy-seven corpses near San Fernando, Mexico. Occasional reports merely reminded that just eighty miles south of Brownsville, Texas, Mexican authorities ignored a mountain of unclaimed luggage in a bus depot before finally digging holes and discovering mummified […]
Also posted in Agriculture, Crime, Google, Mexico, Poetry - GTC
Baby Food
mother grabs baby food jar on counter empties food rinses inside top back on knifes two holes then puts torn match book cover around hollow pen shaft shoving in smaller hole burns and cuts copper scrubber into other hole ready for rock soon ablaze
Also posted in Cocaine, Mental Health, Poetry - GTC
Nightmare Returns
many years vowed never would again but defiled mouth and head convinced really had awakened
Also posted in Alcohol, Dreams, Mental Health, Poetry - GTC, Sleep
Teddy Bear
mommy and daddy had rooms full of smelly chemicals rotting teeth and making act crazy and now at night i don't even have my teddy bear cuz police said it's contaminated Source – Performing Arts Christmas Extravaganza in Tehachapi, December 17, 2011. To read "Wired in Bed," please click here
Also posted in Crime, Mental Health, Methamphetamine, Poetry - GTC
Tijuana Taxi Ride
american drunk in tijuana night lumbers into taxi and in spanish asks for senoritas and marijuana fine says cabbie few minutes later american admits really wants cocaine cabbie reminds not what said then silently drives way out and says here's best place for you american enters and thinks goddamn that guy dropping me where there's […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Cocaine, Mental Health, Mexico, Poetry - GTC, Tijuana
Fallen Star
Producers and directors often exhorted Martin Stevens to beat or at least be like Errol Flynn, and that seemed attainable. In terms of facial structure, Martin looked as if Flynn had fathered him. Hell, maybe he did. So the sequence was logical enough. Martin was outfitted in tights in his first starring film role and […]
Wired in Bed
cold night drunk in 'eighties bar met chunky woman who showed some white powder we snorted in car at apartment she called woman who came sold more asked for hit and took three firing thousand words before leaving we burned noses and strained hearts couple hours before moving upstairs about two and were nonstop at […]
Also posted in Mental Health, Methamphetamine, Poetry - GTC, Sex
Rocks Afire
smoldering rocks burning white smoke me till you can't
Also posted in Cocaine, Depression, Mental Health, Poetry - GTC
Prostitutes in Madrid
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in George Thomas Clark, Immigration, Madrid, Madrid Vacation, Prostitution, Spain
Criminal Justice in Islam
In blighted but affordable east Bakersfield old bank transformed into new mosque hosts annual Islamic Conference where keynote speaker Main Al-Qudah, PhD in Islamic law and imam at large mosque in Houston, steps to podium. He's slim, stern, middle-aged, dressed in suit and tie, and resembles prosecutor as power points to screen bearing principles of […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Bakersfield, Crime, Islam, Jordan, Main Al-Qudah, Marriage, Middle East, Rape, Religion, Saudi Arabia
High on Hallucinogens
I must begin by warning you not to try hallucinogens because they'll transport you to very strange places there's no good reason to be but where curiosity and the devil may compel you to venture again. I remember my first trip, in the summer of 1970. I'd just graduated from high school and was already […]
Also posted in Alcohol, George Thomas Clark, Hallucinogens, LSD, Mental Health, Mexico, Mexico City, Mushrooms, Oaxaca
Shooting Baskets in Dreams
Generation after Hal moved from two small dingy rooms connected to old house in battery-stealing part of town, he thought dreams had disappeared so was saddened to see himself there shooting baskets. Old friend sat behind and watched errant shots. Damn ceiling's too low to shoot right. Friend should've agreed but only stared as Hal […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Basketball, Dreams, George Thomas Clark, Housing, Mental Health, Sacramento, Short Pieces - GTC, Sleep
John Boehner on the Tee
This story is from the collection "Obama on Edge"
Also posted in Barack Obama, Golf, John Boehner, Lobbyists, Republicans, Tobacco
Drug Rehabilitation in Ciudad Juarez
No one I knew used cocaine when I was a kid. We just drank beer and smoked green mota. Snorting coke was for rich and poor people in the United States. It amazed me when I heard they were smoking it. That sounded stupid. They could do it all they wanted. I only wanted to […]
Michael Jackson This Is It
A movie of rehearsals in a big empty room can't excite like concerts alive with screaming fans, but I still hope you enjoy This Is It because that's what it is. My dancers show why when we first gather in March. Hundreds have come from all over the world to compete in rigorous auditions from […]
Also posted in Documentaries, Mental Health, Michael Jackson, Movies, Music, Plastic Surgery
Alexis Arguello Explains
This story is part of the collection "Death in the Ring"
Also posted in Alexis Arguello, Boxing, Depression, Mental Health, Nicaragua, Suicide
Michael Jackson: 1958-2009
In the beginning the boy was wholesome and cute and sang like an angel and dazzled as a dancer. His early musical success transcended that of most adult stars, and as a young man he generated the light of a supernova. None of that, we must periodically remind ourselves, is helpful in shaping a tranquil […]
Also posted in Mental Health, Michael Jackson, Music, Plastic Surgery
Billie Holiday Visits Young Obama
This story is from the collection "Obama on Edge"
Also posted in Alcohol, Barack Obama, Billie Holiday, Music
Crips and Bloods
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in Crime, Crips & Bloods, Gangs, Los Angeles, Murder
Heath Ledger and the Joker
I am weary of, though not entirely unamused by, the preferred psychoanalytic question about my posthumously-released role as the Joker in The Dark Knight. Fans gathered at my cinematic altar continue to ask: "Did playing that deranged criminal, and other cutting roles, drive you too far?" No, I explain, it was rather the opposite: my […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Depression, Heath Ledger, Mental Health, Movies
Civil War in Mexico
At press conferences I proudly proclaimed the capture of safe houses and drug cartel hit men in Mexico City, and displayed their powerful weapons, bulletproof vests, and stacks of money. Here's what they're doing, I told the Mexican people. I want everyone to know that I, Edgar Millan Gomez, am the national police chief and […]
Also posted in Mexico, Mexico City, Murder, Police
Heath Ledger in Pain
Last November I said I feel good about dying now, at age twenty-eight, because I feel alive through my two-year old daughter Matilda. I quickly explained that didn't mean I wanted to die; I wanted to be around for the rest of her life, and noted this was an interesting kind of little set up. […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Depression, Heath Ledger, Mental Health, Movies
A Book about the Rogers Family
This story is in the collection "Basketball and Football"
Also posted in Alcohol, Cocaine, Depression, Donald Rogers, Football, Mental Health, Reggie Rogers
Boehner Rebukes Republicans
This story is from the collection "Echoes from Saddam Hussein"
Also posted in Iraq, John Boehner, Lobbyists, Republicans, Tobacco
Letter to Talented and Troubled Lindsay Lohan
Dear Ms. Lohan, After grading about 400 English tests during the week and feeling increasingly tired and tense and lethargic, I didn't want to write or exercise Saturday morning, as I usually do; I just wanted to shower and get out and relax at the movies. Frequently, there aren't many good ones in Bakersfield, primarily […]
Also posted in Alcohol, Bill Cosby, Depression, Lindsay Lohan, Mental Health, Movies
Mexican Society Under Attack
I can't offer you my byline or a dateline for this column, and I wouldn't describe the scene outside my window even if the drapes were open. They've been closed a long time in Mexico, and I don't think that'll change soon. I've got to stay quiet and out of sight, two things a journalist […]
Also posted in Felipe Calderon, Journalists, Mexico, Murder
Accepting Responsibility for Gang Violence
Driving home one recent night I inadvertently punched in a radio station offering the local news, that eternal barrage of murders, fires, and car crashes. I would've turned to something more stimulating but was startled by the strident voice, half way to a yell, of a lady who in this story will be called Ann […]
Also posted in Gangs, Hate Crimes, Murder, Racism
Cycle of Abuse
This story appears in the collection "In Other Hands"
Also posted in Bakersfield, Homeless, Mental Health, Poverty


text: For a number of years, our business was located around the corner from YJ's Snack Bar. To me, YJ's embodies the essence of the Crossroads Art District - funky and fabulous. Most Fridays we carried out lunch from YJ's - spicy Italian sausage and ravioli. To this day, YJ's is full of character and characters.


text:
French drains
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text: This aromatic composition made with olive oil, fresh garlic and fresh thyme stands out by way of its original flavor. The perfume of garlic predominates at first and the thyme???s freshness comes through in the aftertaste. Remarkable by virtue of its ability to round a dish nicely, our Garlic & Thyme oil can be used in a large number of preparations, ranging from green salad (preferably romaine) to leg of lamb, and including grilled dishes.