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Benzodiazepines & Alzheimer's Disease
If you're taking an anti-anxiety medication referred to as a benzodiazepine — such as Xanax, Valium, Ativan or Klonopin — there's a new eye-opening study out that should get your attention.
When used PRN — on as needed basis — sparingly for times of increased anxiety, these drugs can be life-savers.
But some people use them more frequently. And for those kinds of users, new research suggests an important link to the risk of eventually developing Alzheimer's.
Benzodiazepines are a common class of medications prescribed for anxiety disorders, as well as for insomnia. Drugs such as Xanax and Ativan regularly top our list of the most commonly prescribed psychiatric medications. They usually have few side effects in most people who take them, and are generally well-tolerated. However, their popularity may have a darker side.
In the new study, Canadian and French researchers wanted to better understand the association of various medical conditions and benzodiazepine use. They looked at the medical records of nearly 1,800 older (most over the age of 80) patients with Alzheimer's and compared their medical records to those of over 7,000 control subjects.
While both groups had large numbers of benzodiazepine users, the Alzheimer's group had 51 percent more such users than the control group.
But those who took the drugs longer were more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's. In older patients who took daily doses for 91 to 180 days, the risk rose 32 percent, compared to those who took none. In those who took daily doses for more than 180 days, the risk was 84 percent higher.
The association persisted whether users took 180 doses over six months or over five years, Dr. Pariente said. It also held when the researchers controlled for health and demographic factors, including conditions like anxiety, depression and insomnia.
The link was stronger to longer-acting forms of the drug, like Valium, than to formulations that leave the body more quickly, like Ativan and Xanax.
To combat the chicken-and-the-egg problem (maybe people with Alzheimer's disease are simply more likely to take benzodiazepines after developing some of the early symptoms of the disease, but before its actual diagnosis), the researchers were also careful to look at Alzheimer's patients who had not taken benzodiazepines for five years before their diagnoses.1
If you take benzodiazepines, the key apparently is to not build up a tolerance for them. It also appears important to limit your dose of them over time. In the study, 180 daily doses — whether daily or over the course of 5 years — put someone at this greater risk for Alzheimer's.
Benzodiazepines are a valuable medication — especially for those who need occasional anxiety relief. But they should not generally be used for long-term sleep or anxiety problems. Studies such as this one point out risks that are only becoming more clear now.
And of course, as with all medications, do not stop taking them without first consulting with your doctor. This Canadian brochure has helped many taper off of benzodiazepines, and it may help you as well.
Read the full article: Study Links Anxiety Drugs to Alzheimer's
- While a study of this nature can only show a correlation, the researchers did try and rule out all other factors — and did a much better job at it than most correlational studies. [↩]
Grohol, J. (2018). Benzodiazepines & Alzheimer's Disease. Psych Central. Retrieved on October 27, 2020, from https://psychcentral.com/blog/benzodiazepines-alzheimers-disease/
Last reviewed: By a member of our scientific advisory board on 8 Jul 2018
Published on Psych Central.com. All rights reserved.


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Our heavy cover Booklets are perfect for brochures, magazines, catalogues, manuals, newsletters, colouring books – the list goes on and on. A brochure can help to go into detail about what your company does, whether it concerns your product range or a new service that you can't wait to tell the world about.
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If you do not have a design our graphic design team will use their graphic design skills with artworking and pre-production know-how to make your print work harder and ensure it has the professional touch. Our design studio offer a bespoke service including unlimited changes, this means we keep designing until you are 100% happy. Simply add our design service when placing your order and send over what you would like on the design including your logo, text and anything else you think we will need. Our design team will come up with a concept and email over a proof for you to look at. You can then email over changes until we have the final print ready design.
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This is an insightful article on complaining at dinnertime. Specifically, it posits that one factor discouraging people from cooking more at home is that their families always complain about the food that they do cook. I was a bit shocked to hear how common this apparently is, because the "brazen discourtesy" of complaining about the food someone has prepared for you is so alien to what we encourage or allow in our family. If our kids are ever picky, and especially if they explicitly say that something is "yucky", we swiftly and strictly reprimand them and explain that A) food is never yucky, because why would so many people be eating a particular thing (eggplant, greens, liver, whatever) if it were indeed yucky?, and B) when someone cooks for you it is a gift to appreciate, not to spurn. In this sense I think our childrearing philosophy is closer to that a peasant immigrant family with very clear rules about acceptable behavior, as opposed to the "typical" US family with its many breakdowns in normal human interaction and common decency. Indeed, when my four-year-old Sam does something inappropriate at table or in general, we can often see the clear mark of his presumably more typical, spoiled, bourgeois classmates, since he reproduces phrases or terms we never use in the house, often without being able to explain exactly what they mean.
The moral of the story is: Don't complain about what someone else is cooking for you. And don't always make someone else cook for you, for that matter. Do your part for your family's cooking!
Saturday, March 21, 2015
Complaining at dinner
Posted by chicagron at 2:19 AM
Labels: childrearing, cooking, eating and other intellectual pursuits, food culture, sustainable living
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Resource Submission
What can be submitted to the Patient Education Catalogue?
- New patient education materials (pamphlets, booklets, rack cards, tear off pads, posters, link to external resource)
- Proposed patient education materials (in development) as part of a project
Who can submit a resource?
- Any Fraser Health employee
Submit a NEW Resource
Click here to submit a request for submission
You must be using a computer on the Fraser Health network.
Looking for workshops, consultation services, and tools to help you develop or revise patient education materials? Do you work in Fraser Health?
Click here to learn about the process and tools available (available only from Fraser Health intranet locations).


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Traditional skateboards are so old news. The OneWheel electric skateboard rolls ahead with the idea that you don't need four wheels or a good sense of balance to ride.
The Onewheel board has batteries under one foot and control electronics under the other. The control electronics have motion sensors — like what you would find in your iPhone — which run a control loop which tells the motor how to run and balance. The whole thing is powered by a powerful hub motor, which is about a 2,000-watt peak motor or 500 watts of continuous power. It's all mounted on the type of wheel that would usually be used by a go kart.
Their Kickstarter had a $100,000 goal, but has surpassed that amount and ended with $630,862 pledged.
- Reposted by


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The Spirit of American Banking~Since 1899
What does American Savings Bank do with your personal information?
The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us. This information can include:
All financial companies need to share customers' personal information to run their everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers' personal information; the reasons American Savings Bank chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.
What we do.
How does American Savings Bank protect my personal information?
To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings.
How does American Savings Bank collect my personal information?
We collect your personal information, for example, when you
Why can't I limit all sharing?
Federal law gives you the right to limit only
Affiliates - Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and non-financial companies. *American Savings Bank does not share with our affiliates
Non-affiliates - Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and non-financial companies. *American Savings Bank does not share with non-affiliates so they can market to you.
Joint marketing - A formal agreement between non-affiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you. *American Savings Bank does not jointly market
Call 319-882-4279 or go to www.asbtripoli.com


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Do you need help? Please call us at 816-763-9666.
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Among the Colore | SG collections, you will find the finest examples of colored gemstones from around the world, set in gold and silver designs that enable you to express yourself through any occasion and throughout your life. Originally The Lorenzo Collection, Colore | SG presents our world of color where you can find your personal style. Explore our world of wonder, and share in the delight of rich color, luxurious beauty, and accessible design.
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We believe it is counterproductive to simply focus on cost alone. When you do that, you will likely fail to provide adequate medical care for the injured employee.
We focus on getting injured employees to the best providers very quickly, ensuring the delivery of quality, timely, and
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So, I am sure by now that you have heard about the announcement yesterday (November 19, 2015). Specifically the one about the final approval being granted for the GMO Salmon that has been developed by the biotech company Aquabounty. Well, with this announcement, it now means that this type of Atlantic Salmon, with a gene from the Pacific Chinook Salmon as well as another from the Pacific Pout, has been approved as safe for human consumption.
So, depending on where you go, this means that a genetically engineered fish may one day (soon) appear on your dinner plate. Whatever you particular thoughts are on this, we thought it might be interesting to list a few other (common) products that you might not know have been genetically altered to enhance life in the modern age.
Commonly Known Offenders — we all know that Corn, Soy and Canola (Rapeseed) are genetically engineered. Though many don't realize that it is nearly impossible to find any of these three crops that are NOT GMO in the USA. Specifically in the US, 92% of Corn, 94% of Soy, and over 90% of Canola Oil is GMO in the US.
1. Almost all Hawaiian papaya has been genetically engineered to resist the ringspot virus. Know that, if you like papaya, you can thank the scientists who saved it. Its continued existence was doubtful without the scientific assistance.
2. Synthetic Insulin: If you are diabetic, or if you know anyone who is diabetic, there is a good chance that the insulin that allows a reasonably normal life is derived from genetic manipulation in the laboratory of a strain of E. coli bacteria.
3. Human Growth Hormone: In 1985, the pharmaceutical industry made huge strides by developing a synthetic protein cultured in tobacco. HGH is approved by the FDA for specific uses in children, most commonly short stature of unknown cause and chronic kidney insufficiency. Its use in adults is limited. HGH has never been approved to enhance athletic performance, to build muscle or as a way to "remain young." Its use has been controversial.
4. Cotton. You probably didn't know that nearly 94% of the Cotton grown in the USA is genetically modified to prevent bollworms from destroying the crops. A smaller portion has been modified to be resistant to pesticides and herbicides, but either way – unless you are wearing silk or organic cotton, you probably have some GMO product on you right now.
5. Genetically Modified Mosquitoes: Yes, they do exist and were developed by a British company to combat the spread of chikungunya and Dengue Fever. Released already in tests in Brazil and in the Cayman Islands with no ill effects, a batch of the "modified" flying pests was scheduled for release in the Florida Keys until public outcry interfered with plans. As of this writing, no definitive information was available on FDA approval of the "mutant mosquitoes."
Bonus: Transplant Organs: Genetically modified animals, commonly pigs, are used to grow organs and tissues for human transplant purposes. And, while it's not exactly the same as genetic manipulation, research is robust and continuing on cross-species use of cells and organs. Known as xenotransplantation, experiments have been ongoing for at least 300 years.


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Hi, I received a baclofen pump 4 weeks ago. It is my 2nd one. My first one became infected after four months.
I have several questions /discoveries that I would like to know if anyone else has experienced:
After both implants, I noticed increased skin sensitivity in everything I touch.
Spinal leaks? I'm still on bed rest until the csf leak heals.
Once healed did you have to be cautious about certain activities that bend or twist your abdomen or spine?
I have more difficulty using the restroom. (Initiating urination requires more concentration.)
I'll probably have additional questions in the future. Thanks in advance


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Learning about Hospital Ward Rounds with 360-Degree Video
Interest sparked in 360-degree video for learning Since 2017, Leicester Medical School has been experimenting with 360-degree video for learning. Following the first live-streamed medical surgical operation done by Dr Shafi Ahmed (McGoogan and Murgia, 2016), medical students' interest was ignited. Leicester Medical School's student society MedRIFT (Medical Research into Future Technology), which I founded […] View ArticleLeave a comment


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HIV Haunts Venezuela Again
Time was when public health officials in Africa travelled to Venezuela to learn best practices in handling the HIV/AIDS epidemic. But times change.
Stephanie Nolen's chilling piece for Toronto's Globe and Mail two days ago shows HIV patients in Venezuela are living a situation that much of Africa left behind a decade ago.
Her story about a recently diagnosed man in Caracas' Central University Hospital, fragile and on the brink of death after failing to receive his antiretrovirals for months, paints a grim picture:
"Juan Coronel was so thin that his kneecaps jutted out like tent poles in his sweatpants. He was 39 when I met him a few weeks ago, with reddish-brown hair that clung to his scalp like a baby's and deep hollows below his cheekbones."
It was not the first time Nolen saw scenes like these: a veteran Africa correspondent, she says she'd witnessed similar cases in Zimbabwe, fifteen years ago. But she wasn't expecting such a dire situation in Venezuela, a country whose state-sponsored free anti-HIV program was for years a model for developing countries.
"Back when I was covering the African epidemic, Venezuela was invoked with admiration: This country has had free, public treatment for HIV since 1999. Its AIDS program was a model for countries throughout the developing world. Venezuela's socialist government imported affordable generic drugs from India, challenged the patent monopolies of Western pharmaceutical companies and targeted marginalized communities, including sex workers, gay men and transgender people for free condom distribution – while most other countries were still grappling with the shame of HIV."
But that once famous system started facing increasingly tougher times as the economic model developed by Hugo Chávez and eventually Nicolás Maduro, literally destroyed the public health system.
Today some patients can remain untreated for months, making scenes like the one she describes in this terrifying report more and more common.
Nolen says such scenes are becoming rare in Africa, but pervasive in Venezuela. I have a feeling she's confusing Venezuela with Caracas, though. The country's a lot bigger than the capital.
You need a functioning infrastructure, and as Nolen points out, that's exactly what we don't have.
As a medical student interning in a public hospital in Merida, I can say that untreated patients dying of AIDS are the exception, not the rule. I'm close to a few HIV+ patients, and they generally tell stories of antiretrovirals still delivered on time. To be sure, some have told me their treatment schemes have had to be changed as the government limited the variety of drugs it imports. But their reality is far from the Boschian hellscape Nolen reports.
This doesn't mean I don't believe her. I'm sure what she reports is true. Each part of the country has its own independent HIV program and even though they all face problems, the collapse has hit some much worse than others. We don't see it here, but it doesn't mean it's not happening.
I've talked to friends working in regional NGOs and they confirm that the number of patients reaching full-blown AIDS has in fact been rising recently, even though most of them receive their drugs on a regular basis. In order to work, the HIV program requires much more than just drugs.
Nolen says such scenes are becoming rare in Africa, but pervasive in Venezuela.
You might find antiretrovirals more easily in Mérida than in Caracas, but then you don't have access to the tests required to check if they're working as they should. Maybe these tests are available in Táchira, but all the infectologists needed there to design the best treatment strategy have already left the country.
A good public health response to an HIV epidemic has a lot of moving parts. You need affordable condoms for people to stop spreading the virus, infant formula to prevent transmission through breast milk from infected mothers to their children, tests to diagnose the patients and check how effective the treatment is resulting. You need a functioning infrastructure, and as Nolen points out, that's exactly what we don't have.
Even food shortages may be influencing on the recent rise of patients reaching a full AIDS stage: how's your immune system supposed to cope with a virus programmed to destroy it if it doesn't even have the nutrients it needs to keep running?
When you have HIV and the whole of the economy and the society is breaking down around you, not even steady access to antiretrovirals will save you.
Caracas Chronicles is 100% reader-supported.
Support independent Venezuelan journalism by making a donation.Donate


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Discrimination towards elders within societies is a prominent social issue, particularly in America. They are also locating out that pulsed radiofrequency radiation is more bioactive than continuious wave radiation and that info-carrying radio waves are really disruptive to the human biological electrical communication systems. You are supplied access to a wide range of neighborhood-primarily based, mental overall health services for youngsters, adolescents and adults within its Adult, Child and Loved ones Solutions. With gentrification comes a large loss of social diversity and mix and a really apparent segregation of classes, which causes community conflict & resentment, amongst other problems.
Community health workers hired by overall health care agencies often have a disease or population-primarily based focus, such as advertising the well being of pregnant women or kids, improving nutrition, advertising immunization or supplying education about a certain well being situation, such as diabetes or HIV/AIDS. In a typical cost-free market, citizens would have alternatives in the selection procedure of plans that greatest suit their wants. Many states have begun to develop credentialing applications for community health workers.
Overall health insurance premiums paid out of pocket stay a tax-deductible expense, though the Democrats improved the wellness expense deduction to 10% from its prior 7.five%. Ironically, ten% of your household revenue is becoming the default price point for most insurance plans. Final week two mothers from the group came into the clinic for their newborn intake appointment.
It is only with generous help from so several that the Wellness Center can continue supplying those in need in our neighborhood with reasonably priced, integrated healthcare. We have discussed various choices concerning the end of the secondment and if there is a return to Podiatry, how Susan's skills can be employed not only inside Podiatry but also across the Trust. So far it seems our society has isolated folks and destroyed any sense of neighborhood we had.
This year, we'll also establish an independent commission to advise on how ideal to develop the well being care workforce and increase the number of nurses, doctors and other specialists to meet our country's demands. Last weekend power was completely shut off at the Well being Center and electricians had been profitable in tying the new building's energy into the current developing.


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Prairie Research Institute
|Natural and cultural resources, data and collections, environmental monitoring, sustainable economic development, public health and safety
|Executive Director
|Mark R. Ryan, PhD
|Home of the Illinois State Scientific Surveys
|Formerly called
|Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability (2008-2011)
|Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
|615 E. Peabody Dr.
The Prairie Research Institute is a multidisciplinary research institute charged with providing objective research, expertise, and data on the natural and cultural resources of Illinois. Established as a unit of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign by a Public Act of the Illinois State Legislature in 2008,[1] the Institute comprises the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), Illinois State Archaeological Survey (ISAS), Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS), Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS), and Illinois Sustainable Technology Center (ISTC). The Institute has a combined total staff of more than 1,000 as of May 2012[2][3] with facilities on Urbana-Champaign campus and field offices and research stations throughout the state. The total FY11 expenditures were $78 million, with $15.8 million appropriated by the state, and $62.1 million expended in external funding including federal, state, local, and private grants and contracts.[4]
Legislative mandate, mission, and vision
The Prairie Research Institute was created by the University of Illinois Scientific Surveys Act, effective July 1, 2008.[1] The general powers and responsibilities of the Institute stated in this act are to investigate the state's natural resources and "furnish information fundamental to the conservation and development of natural resources," and to advise those with administrative responsibilities for the natural resources of Illinois.[1] In August 2013, the passage of HB1209 amended Public Act 098-0346 to include both natural and cultural resources in the mandate.[5]
The mission of the Prairie Research Institute is to provide objective, integrated scientific research and service, in cooperation with other academic and research units of the University of Illinois and elsewhere, that allow citizens and decision-makers to make choices that ensure sustainable economic development, enduring environmental quality, and cultural resource preservation for the people, businesses, and governments of Illinois.[6]
Vision Statement: The Prairie Research Institute will serve as a model of proactive, multidisciplinary research and service as a key to economic development, environmental quality, and cultural resource preservation. The incorporation of the Institute into a major research university is a unique opportunity to integrate the University's intellectual capital with the Institute's ability to apply science to societal challenges as an example for the nation and the world.[6]
Researchers at the Institute are engaged in basic and applied research across a spectrum including agriculture and forestry, biodiversity and ecosystem health, atmospheric resources, climate and associated natural hazards, cultural resources and history of human settlements, disease and public health, emerging pests, fisheries and wildlife, energy and industrial technology, mineral resources, pollution prevention and mitigation, and water resources. Examples include impact and control of invasive Asian carp,[7][8] Lyme disease vector ecology,[9] Illinois water supply quality and quantity investigations,[10] geologic carbon sequestration,[11][12] development of geospatial tools,[13] discovery and excavation of massive prehistoric settlements surrounding Cahokia in advance of new bridge construction,[14][15] persistence of estrogens in dairy farm wastewater,[16] electronics re-use to minimize electronic waste,[17] and monitoring atmospheric deposition of radioisotopes in North America following the Fukushima reactor incident.[18][19]
Collections and data
The Institute is a repository of specimens—archaeological, biological, and mineral—which serve as research collections on the Illinois environment. The Illinois Natural History Survey biological collections include insects, crustaceans, molluscs, annelids, reptiles and amphibians, birds, mammals, algae, bryophytes, fishes, fungi, and vascular plants. The insect collection has more than 6,500,000 curated specimens, and is one of the largest[20] and oldest in North America; digitization of the specimens and metadata from this collection is currently underway with support from the National Science Foundation.[21] The Illinois State Geological Survey houses the legislatively mandated Illinois Geological Samples Library, a repository for drill-hole samples in Illinois, including cores drilled for mineral exploration and geologic investigations,[22] as well as paleontological collections. The Illinois State Archaeological Survey curates research collections from more than 3,000 Illinois archaeological sites, including Cahokia. The Prairie Research Institute Library, formed from the merger of the State Scientific Survey libraries, holds more than 45,000 titles and 81,000 items on earth and atmospheric sciences, ecology, environmental science, environmental sustainability, natural resources, and natural history with emphasis on Illinois and the region.[4] The Institute also collects and disseminates data on many aspects of the Illinois environment including weather and climate, water resources including surface and groundwater, oil and mineral resources, maps and geospatial data, and the distributions of plants and animals including native and invasive species.
Public engagement
Starting in 2009, the Institute has hosted the Naturally Illinois Expo each March, concurrently with the Open House events of the College of Agriculture Environmental and Consumer Sciences, and College of Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The target audience of Expo includes Illinois K-12 students and the public. The Illinois Natural History Survey's Traveling Science Center visits schools and communities throughout Illinois to offer education on habitats and species diversity in the state. The Illinois State Geological Survey hosts regular field trips to locations of geological note; field trip guidebooks summarize the features of the destinations. The annual Governor's Sustainability Awards, organized by the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, recognize achievements in sustainability in Illinois, in both the private and public sectors.
The Institute Executive Director reports to the Vice Chancellor for Research of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and the Institute is governed by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. The Prairie Research Institute Advisory Board is the external advisory body charged with providing input and advice related to the scientific and research agenda, management, and funding of the Institute. The Board meets twice per year, and transmits findings to the Vice Chancellor for Research and the Chancellor of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, as well as the President of the University of Illinois.
In July 2008, the Institute for Natural Resource Sustainability was established within the University of Illinois to house four State Scientific Surveys (INHS, ISGS, ISWS, and ISTC).[1] In February 2010, the Illinois Transportation Archaeological Research Program (ITARP), which had been housed within the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Anthropology, became the Illinois State Archaeological Survey (ISAS) and joined the Institute.[23] In May 2011, the name of the Institute was changed to the Prairie Research Institute.[4]
Each of the five divisions of the Prairie Research Institute has its own unique history, but there is much shared history, particularly among the Geological, Natural History, and Water Surveys, which have been connected administratively to one another and headquartered at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign since the early 20th century.[24]
In 1917, the State Laboratory of Natural History and research duties of the State Entomologist's Office merged and were renamed the State Natural History Survey, which along with Illinois State Geological Survey and Illinois State Water Survey were placed in the Illinois Department of Registration and Education. The Board of Natural Resources was established to administer the Surveys, its membership comprising the director of the new Department, the President of the University of Illinois or designee, and appointed representatives of core disciplines of biology, geology, engineering, chemistry, and forestry.[24] In the 1930s, the State of Illinois appropriated $300,000 which was supplemented by a $245,454 Public Works Administration grant for a new building to house Illinois State Geological Survey and Illinois Natural History Survey operations.[24] The Natural Resources Building, located on Peabody Drive in Champaign, was dedicated on November 15, 1940. Wings were added on the east and west ends of the original building in 1950.[24] As of 2012, the headquarters of the Prairie Research Institute is in this building, along with many collections and laboratories of the Illinois State Geological Survey and Illinois Natural History Survey. There are numerous additional facilities of the Institute located on the University of Illinois campus and in various locations around the state.
In 1978, the Illinois Institute of Natural Resources was established by the Illinois General Assembly by a public act which transferred the three Surveys and related units out of the Illinois State Department of Registration and Education, effective January 1979.[24][25] The creation of this Institute was driven by
- "a growing awareness that the state's economic and social well-being is dependent on the prudent management of our natural resources and a recognition that resource issues are complex and intertwined and cannot be dealt with successfully if the connections between issues are ignored."[25]
The legislative mandate of the Institute of Natural Resources was
- "to investigate practical problems, implement studies, conduct research and provide assistance, information and data relating to the technology and administration of environmental protection; energy; the natural history, entomology, zoology and botany of this State; the geology and natural resources of this State; the water resources and weather of this State; and the archeological and cultural history of this State."[25]
In addition to the three Scientific Surveys, the Illinois Institute of Natural Resources included Divisions of Environmental Management, Resource Development, Resource Extension Service, the Illinois State Museum, plus The General Office in Springfield. The Director of the Institute was Frank Beal.[25] The Board of Natural Resources and Conservation continued to administer the Institute.[24] In 1981 the Illinois Institute of Natural Resources became the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, whose six divisions were the Illinois State Geological Survey, the Illinois Natural History Survey, the Illinois State Water Survey, Energy Programs, Policy and Planning, and the Illinois State Museum.[26] The Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center (now the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center) was established within the Department of Energy and Natural Resources in 1984.[27] In 1995, Governor Jim Edgar issued an Executive Order to restructure the state's environmental agencies. The Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources (in part), Illinois Department of Conservation, Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, and several other related government units were combined to form the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR).[28] The Surveys (now four, including the Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center) plus the Illinois State Museum were placed under the Office of Scientific Research and Analysis within IDNR.[29] The Surveys remained in IDNR until the Institute was established within the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 "(110 ILCS 425/) University of Illinois Scientific Surveys Act". Illinois Compiled Statutes. State of Illinois. Retrieved November 5, 2012.
- ↑ University of Illinois. "Headcount FTE DataCube". Administrative Information Technology Services, Data Warehouse & Business Intelligence. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
- ↑ Division of Management Information, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (2011–2012). "Campus Profile". Retrieved May 13, 2012.
- 1 2 3 2011 Report. Champaign, IL: Prairie Research Institute. 2012. p. 27.
- ↑ "(HB1209) Amended Statutes". Illinois General Assembly. State of Illinois. Retrieved August 23, 2013.
- 1 2 "About the Prairie Research Institute". Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
- ↑ Wheelwright, Jeff. "Attack of the flying, invasive carp". Discover Magazine. Discover Magazine. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Jaw-breaking midwest carp flying home to China's dinner plates". Bloomberg. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Lyme disease tick adapts to life on the (fragmented) prairie". ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
- ↑ "Illinois Water Supply Planning". Illinois State Water Survey. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
- ↑ Kuipers, Dean. "Illinois sequestration project is first in U.S. for man-made CO2". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ↑ "First U.S. Large Demonstration-Scale Injection of CO2 from a Biofuel Production Facility Begins". Science Daily. Science Daily. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ↑ "ESRI-GIS Development Center - GIS Projects in Our Institute". Prairie Research Institute. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
- ↑ Lawler, Andrew (December 2011). "America's lost city". Science. 334 (6063): 1618–1623. doi:10.1126/science.334.6063.1618. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ↑ LaCapra, Véronique (June 2, 2012). "Ancient Suburb Near St. Louis Could Be Lost Forever". National Public Radio. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
- ↑ Yates, Diana. "Team determines how estrogens persist in dairy farm wastewater". University of Illinois News Bureau. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- ↑ Helenthal, Mike. "Laptop research benefits landfills, chickens … and UI students". Inside Illinois. University of Illinois News Bureau. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
- ↑ "A minute with David Gay and Chris Lehmann, National Atmospheric Deposition Program". University of Illinois. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Low Levels of Fallout from Fukushima, U.S. Study Finds". ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ↑ Suarez, Andrew V. (2004). "The Value of Museum Collections for Research and Society". BioScience. 54 (1): 66–74. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0066:TVOMCF]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
- ↑ Dietrich, Chris. "Digitization TCN: InvertNet--An Integrative Platform for Research on Environmental Change, Species Discovery and Identification". National Science Foundation. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Well Abandonment Act". Illinois Compiled Statutes. State of Illinois. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
- ↑ 2010 Annual Report. Champaign, IL: Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability. 2011. p. 27.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hays, Robert G. (1980). State Science in Illinois: the scientific surveys, 1850-1978 (1980). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Carbondale Press. pp. xii, 257. ISBN 0809309432. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
- 1 2 3 4 Illinois Blue Book. Springfield, IL: State of Illinois. 1979–1980.
- ↑ Illinois Blue Book. Springfield, IL: State of Illinois. 1981–1982.
- ↑ Illinois Blue Book. Springfield, IL: State of Illinois. 1989–1990.
- ↑ Annual Report 1994-1995. Illinois Natural History Survey. 1995. p. 2.
- ↑ Illinois Blue Book. Springfield, IL: State of Illinois. 1995–1996. p. 249.
External links
- Prairie Research Institute
- Prairie Research Institute YouTube channel
- Illinois Natural History Survey
- Illinois State Archaeological Survey
- Illinois State Geological Survey
- Illinois State Water Survey
- Illinois Sustainable Technology Center
- Prairie Research Institute Library
- Prairie Research Institute community in University of Illinois' Institutional Repository, IDEALS full text of publications and research
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign


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Eliminate hand strain!
The Te Pari EasyDose Gun is battery powered applicator that can be utilized with all livestock medication needs. At the pull of a trigger the dose is delivered eliminating hand straing while making the task quick and EASY.
The Dosing Gun is powered by twin Lithium-ion batteries and the dose rate is set on a digital keypad delivering an accurate and consistent dose whether the application is injection, oral drenching or pour-on. Various barrel sizes and attachments are available


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Do you want to increase the functionality of your basement? JRI Woodworks provides basement remodeling services to turn your lower level into a space you'll love spending time in. We can add a variety of features, such as:
JRI Woodworks will provide you with sketches or ideas of the basic project to get an idea of what you need. We can also offer professional drawings to show you how we can transform the space. We can also make sure all the permits are pulled so your space can meet the legal requirements. Call JRI Woodworks today to get a free estimate on basement remodeling in Evansville, IN.


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The incredible speed of change in technology is affecting every organization, and there are many challenges for IT leaders to overcome, from updating legacy systems to determining the right technology for your business objectives. However, technology doesn't operate independently within our organizations. People are using and managing systems at every stage.
As Steve Weston, CIO of Hays PLC, notes in his article for CIO: "It's hugely important that IT leaders take charge in empowering employees to drive this change forward."
That's easier said than done, especially if you're so focused on the practical elements (such as integration) and rollout dates that you miss some of the critical steps to win over and prepare your workforce. The best tool is only as good as the person using it, so when you're laying out your plan, make sure you take the right steps to prepare your teams as much as you prepare your systems.
Get Buy-In From Every Level
Getting people to accept new technology isn't easy, and it's important to get your staff to buy in from the get-go. This might include investing in training to reduce the learning curve and doing your due diligence in order to pick the right tech in the first place.
I think the most important thing is to make sure people understand why the new technology is being introduced. How will it improve their ability to do their jobs, and what makes it the right tech at the right time? Getting buy-in is about more than just compliance -- it's about winning people over to a new approach or tool.
The "why" is more important than the "what" or "how" when it comes to convincing people to embrace something new.
Communicate Regularly And Clearly
Getting a new piece of software ready to launch or rolling out new hardware is a significant technical challenge, but without good communication, your staff will be confused and unengaged when it comes time to use it. Uncertainty is the enemy of efficient change, and the best way to reduce uncertainty is to communicate often, clearly and consistently.
"The role of conversation in moving an organization forward cannot be underestimated," Dr. Sarah Stebbins wrote in her 2017 Forbes article. She noted common issues such as company-wide transparency and a lack of input from employees as key issues.
Create a communication plan that aligns with your rollout, from identifying internal stakeholders, to deciding when you'll send your first introduction email, to determining a schedule for training. A variety of communication methods is important as well. Some employees may respond better to a conference call instead of an email or vice versa.
Offer Ongoing Training And Support
Training is important for any new program or process, but many companies plan only for initial training, missing the opportunity for ongoing support. Learning any new program takes time and repetition.
Jonathan Sharp emphasizes this in an article for Training Journal: "The organization should recognize onboarding new technology as a progressive ongoing process and the investment in training should reflect it."
Take a multipronged, long-term approach to training. This should include everything from initial introductions to hands-on practice runs, all with accessible training documents, FAQs and contact people for your team to use as needed. This gives your teams consistent access to the necessary information so when they have questions or concerns, they know where to get answers. Reducing uncertainty and making it clear that you don't expect everyone to be up to speed instantly will increase efficiency and trust, smoothing the way for your tech rollout.
Good change management requires a people-focused approach, so work closely with your counterparts in HR, marketing, procurement and senior leadership to ensure that your people strategy is as effective as your IT strategy.


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We have compiled a list of this or that questions that can be used in several ways. This or that questions are a great way to get to know someone or a great way to just burn some time. If it's just two people trying to figure out each other, then you can ask these questions as a way to get to know each other better and just spend time together without spending a ton of money going to movies or dinner. Here goes our list of really good this or that questions for everyone
See also: Weird Questions you could Ask A Guy Or Your Boyfriend
Good this or that questions to ask Friends
1. Whats your favorite party game?
2. Is it acceptable or unacceptable to smack a child as form of discipline?
3. Can a heterosexual male ever wear pink?
4. Is it criminal to wear socks with sandals?
5. If you were captain of a ship, what would you call it?
6. If you were to join an emergency service which would it be?
7. If you were to join one of the armed forced which would it be?
8. Whats the worst thing about being your gender?
9. Whats the best thing about being your gender?
10. If you swapped genders for a day how would you spend it?
11. Do you still have a camera that uses conventional film?
12. Approximately how many DVD's do you have?
13. Approximately how many Albums do you have?
14. Do you talk to yourself?
15. Do you sing to yourself?
16. Do you know any identical twins?
17. Which foreign language did you have to learn at school?
18. Do you know CPR?
19. Do you have any swimming badges?
20. Do you prefer digital or rotary/analogue clocks?
21. How tall is the tallest person you know?
22. Have you ever got lost in a maze?
23. Have you ever been attacked by a wild animal?
24. Have you ever ridden a camel?
25. Whats your opinion on rats?
26. Have you ever been to a gym?
27. Have you ever been in a helicopter?
28. Have you ever cheated at a test?
29. Have you ever ridden a tractor?
30. Are you a gossip?
31. Have you ever cried at a film?
32. When you're ill do you struggle on regardless or just curl up in bed as much as possible?
33. Do you need to write down things to remember them?
34. Do you keep a diary/journal?
35. Are you scared of thunderstorms?
36. Do you have any unusual fears or phobias?
37. Whats your favorite Disney movie?
38. Have you ever slept in a caravan?
39. Have you ever painted a house?
Read also: 120 Best Either/Or Questions To Ask Anyone
40. Whats the most unusual name you've ever come across?
41. Do you prefer to wash in the mornings or evenings?
42. Have you ever danced in the rain?
43. Do you like long or short hair?
44. Have you ever sworn at an authority figure?
45. Have you ever walked into a wall?
46. Whats your favorite precious metal?
47. Whats your favorite precious stone?
48. Could you ever hunt your own meal?
49. . Have you ever read any comics?
50. Have you got green fingers?
51. Whats the tallest tree you've ever climbed?
52. Have you ever dialed the talking clock?
53. Do you always wear identical socks?
54. Do you live by any motto or philosophy?
55. Have you ever given blood?
56. Could you ever be a medical guinea pig?
57. Whats your favorite radio station?
58. Whats your favorite letter of the Alphabet?
59. Which is better? roller blade or roller skates?
60. Have you ever written a love letter?
61. How many valentines cards did you receive this/last year?
62. What are cooler? Dinosaurs or Dragons?
63. Have you ever made your own ice lollies?
64. Have you ever made your own Ice cream?
65. Do you lick the yoghurt or desert lid?
66. Do you lick the spoon clean after making something sweet?
67. Do you like the sound of music? (the musical/film)
68. Have you ever made your own orangejuice?
69. Have you ever sucked on a lemon?
70. Have you ever licked a battery?
71. Are you a good aim with a rubber band?
72. Have you ever played golf?
73. Where do you like to go to on a first date?
74. Do you prefer vertical or horizontal stripes?
75. Have you ever baked your own bread?
You might also like: Relationship Questions To Ask Your Lover
76. Can you believe I can't believe its not butter is in fact not actually butter?
77. Can you name all 50 American states?
78. Have you ever owned a goldfish?
79. What was your favourite school subject?
80. What was your least favourite school subject?
81. Have you ever passed wind in an embarassing situation?
82. Have you ever played the bongos?
83. Have you ever handled a snake?
84. Have you ever assembled furniture by yourself?
85. When did you last go to the beach?
86. When if ever did you last go to london?
87. What do you do to cool down when its hot?
88. Whats the most unusual thing you've ever eaten?
89. Do you have a favourite mug?
90. Do you know any self defence or martial arts?
91. Who's your favourite movie action hero?
92. Have you ever ridden a motorcycle?
93. Do you collect anything?
94. Is there anything you wished would come back into fashion?
95. Do you stick to conventional fashions or like to try and be original?
96. Have you ever given someone a handmade present?
97. Are you introvert or extrovert?
98. If you could have any feature from an animal what would you want?
99. Whats your prefered swimming stroke?
100. Have you ever been scuba diving?
101. Have you ever had a disasterous interview?
102. What makes you nervous?
103. Which of the 5 senses would you say is your strongest?
104. What colour are your eyes?
105. Have you ever been to an Art gallery?
106. Do you shout out the answers at the TV whilst watching quiz shows?
107. Are you a valuable asset on a Pub Quiz team?
108. Have you ever won any kind of quiz yourself?
109. Do you get over-involved with TV or movie plots at times?
110. Do you own any inflatable furniture?
111. Whats the highest hill or mountain you've ever climbed?
112. Do you have a piggy bank?
113. Whats the fastest you've ever travelled in a car?
114. Could you ever hand milk a cow?
115. Do you have popcorn with a movie?
116. Whats the futhest you've ever got a paper airplane to fly?
117. Have you ever built an igloo?
118. Can you play the harmonica?
119. Have you ever made a ball of twine or rubberbands?
120. If given the option of having a flake in your ice cream do you always take it?
121. Could you ever be a living organ donor?
122. Which was your favourite science? Biology, Physics or Chemistry?
123. Could you ever go out with someone just cause they're rich?
124. Have you ever contemplated sueing someone?
125. Are you pretty devious?
126. Have you ever had a surprise party? (that was an actual surprise)
127. Are you any good at giving massages?
128. Have you ever been water skiing?
129. Have you ever hopelessly failed a test?
130. If you had a year off, what would you want to do?
131. How many sms/txt messages do you recieve on average a day?
132. Have you ever argued over who should pay for something?
133. Do you have any family heirlooms?
134. Are you related or distantly related to anyone famous?
135. Whats your favourite ocean?
136. Do you correct peoples mistakes?
137. Have you ever helped out an injured animal?
138. Do you throw bread for the ducks?
139. Do you think babies are little bundles of joy or smelly noisey things?
140. Do you give money to buskers?
141. How long did you last phone call last?
142. Do you go to car boot sales?
143. If you saw someone drop a £10 note, would you claim it for your own or try to return it to them?
144. Have you ever helped someone across the road?
145. Have you ever been horseriding?
146. Have you ever walked a tightrope?
147. Have you ever demolished a wall or building?
148. If you and a friend both wanted the same thing would you let the friend get it first?
149. Have you ever tossed your own pancake?
150. Are you any good at egg and spoon races?
151. Are you allergic to anything?
152. Are you ticklish?
153. Do you prefer tea,coffee or cocoa?
154. Do you like Turkish Delight?
155. Do you buy people presents to bring back when you go on holiday?
156. Are you tired of answering questions yet?
157. Have you ever been wheelbarrow racing?
158. Do you ever forward or reply to chain mails?
159. Do you often have a tune in your head you can't name?
160. Has anyone ever approached you thinking you were someone else?
161. Have you ever been approached by someone who knew you but you couldn't remember them for the life of you?
162. What do you do to keep fit?
163. Are you the sort to step in and try to break up a fight?
164. Have you ever been in a fight?
165. Have you ever started a rumour?
166. Have you ever heard any outstanding rumours about yourself?
167. Have you ever been in or had a food fight?
168. When its your birthday do you always wear an age badge?
169. Have you ever starred in an amateur or professional video?
170. If you were comfortbly rich would you work hard for more or rest on your laurels?
171. Have you ever been in a position of authority?
172. Have you ever been caught in a comprimising position? even despite a valid explanation?
173. Have you ever tried to make your own alcohol?
174. If you were ruler of your own country what would you call it?
175. And what title would you give yourself?
176. Whats been your worst date ever?
177. Have you ever slapped somoene in public?
178. Have you ever drawn on a sleeping or inebriated person?
179. Have you ever warn clothing with the labels/tags still attached?
180. Have you ever slipped on a banana skin?
181. Are you scared of the dark?
182. Do you have a lawyer?
183. Have you ever been wolf whistled in public?
184. Whats the worst chatup line you've heard?
185. If you invented a monster what would you call it?
186. And what features would it have?
187. Have you ever had a dream you chased only to be let down when you achived it?
188. Is there anything about the opposite sex you just don't understand or comprehend?
189. Who was your favourite teacher at school and why?
190. If you were exiled what country would you choose as your new home?
191. Have you ever made someone cry?
192. Have you ever starred in a school play?
193. Were you a member of any celebrity fanclub?
194. Have you ever been a member of any other club?
195. If you could have a full scholarship to any university what would you choose to study?
196. Whats been your greatest ever day?
197. What do you call your after meal sweet? Pudding or Dessert?
198. If you had a warning label, what would yours say?
199. Have you ever got sweet revenge on anyone?
200. Have you ever been to a live concert?
Other related topics you might be interested in:
Funny Never Have I Ever Questions To Ask Your Friends
80 Funny This or That Questions To Ask Anyone
70 Weird Questions To Ask Siri For Hilarious Response
130+ Weird Questions To Ask People Or Someone
150+ Good Questions To Ask A girl You Like Or Your Girlfriend


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How to Restore Old Doors
The amount of effort you need to put into restoring an old door depends largely on whether or not it's an exterior door. If the door isn't exposed to the weather, you may be able to get by with a touch-up. Sun and rain wreak havoc on most finishes, though, and you'll probably have to strip an exterior door and sand the wood to do a satisfactory restoration. While it is possible to strip and sand a door while it is hanging, it's much easier -- and you'll do a better job -- if you take it down.
Pull the hinge pins and take the door down. Lat it flat on a pair of sawhorses and cover the ground with a drop cloth.
Take off all the door hardware, including the knob, hinges and latch, with a screwdriver. If the door has a window, cover it with masking paper and tape.
Remove as much of the old finish as you can by scraping both sides of the door lightly with a pull scraper. If the finish doesn't come off easily, don't force the scraper, or you'll mar the door. If the door is an interior one, you may be able to restore it by staining over the old finish and applying a new finish. If so, prepare the door by sanding it lightly with 220-grit sandpaper, going with the grain of the wood.
Strip off the old finish with a chemical stripper containing methylene chloride. Paint a thick coat onto one side of the door and scrape it off with a paint scraper when the finish softens. Apply more stripper if any finish remains. Neutralize the stripper by rubbing the door with a rag soaked with mineral spirits, then strip the other side.
Sand the door down to the bare wood after you strip it. Use a palm sander and 100-grit sandpaper to get off any remaining old finish, then switch to 120-grit paper to smooth the wood. Finish off by hand-sanding with 150-grit sandpaper.
Stain the door by brushing stain onto the surface with a paintbrush and wiping off the excess with a rag. If you didn't strip the door finish, be sure the stain you're using matches the stain already on the door.
Top-coat the door by brushing on a clear finish. Polyurethane varnish works well for interior doors, but if the door is exposed to the sun, use spar varnish. It provides better UV resistance.
Let the first coat of finish dry, then turn the door over and paint the other side. Hang the door after the finish on that side of the door dries, but don't install the knob or latch yet. Put a drop cloth on the floor under the door.
Sand both sides of the door lightly with 220-grit sandpaper, then paint a second coat of finish on both sides. Sand again and apply a third finish if necessary. Replace the hardware after the last coat dries.
Things Needed
- 2 sawhorses
- Drop cloth
- Screwdriver
- Masking paper
- Masking tape
- Pull scraper
- 100-, 120-, 150- and 220-grit sandpaper
- Chemical stripper
- Paint scraper
- Mineral spirits
- Rags
- Palm sander
- Stain
- Paintbrush
- Clear finish
- Wear a respirator while stripping, sanding and painting, and work in a well-ventilated space. In addition, wear rubber gloves and safety glasses while using a chemical stripper.
- If you intend to use paint instead of a clear finish, you probably don't need to strip the door. Just make sure to scrape off all the flaking and peeling finish.
Photo Credits
- Thinkstock Images/Comstock/Getty Images


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Shirree Bundy Cox released a statement regarding the federal government's harassment of her family. Shiree's father Cliven Bundy is the last remaining rancher in a southern Nevada county. The Bureau of Land Management is battling her father over his grazing rights. His family has been ranching on the land since the 1800′s. The feds are confiscating and killing his cattle.
Cliven Bundy strokes a new calf. (Mike Donahue / Desert Valley Times)
America's Freedom Fighters reported, via Free Republic:
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By SHIREE BUNDY COX:
I have had people ask me to explain my dad's stance on this BLM fight.
TRENDING: BREAKING NEWS: Here's Why the Mayor of Moscow's Wife Paid Hunter Biden $3.5 Million... And Likely More!
Here it is in as simple of terms as I can explain it. There is so much to it, but here it is in a nut shell.
My great grandpa bought the rights to the Bunkerville allotment back in 1887 around there. Then he sold them to my grandpa who then turned them over to my dad in 1972.
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These men bought and paid for their rights to the range and also built waters, fences and roads to assure the survival of their cattle, all with their own money, not with tax dollars.
These rights to the land use is called preemptive rights.
Some where down the line, to keep the cows from over grazing, came the bureau of land management. They were supposed to assist the ranchers in the management of their ranges while the ranchers paid a yearly allotment which was to be use to pay the BLM wages and to help with repairs and improvements of the ranches.
My dad did pay his grazing fees for years to the BLM until they were no longer using his fees to help him and to improve.
Instead they began using these money's against the ranchers.
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They bought all the rest of the ranchers in the area out with their own grazing fees.
When they offered to buy my dad out for a penence he said no thanks and then fired them because they weren't doing their job.
He quit paying the BLM but, tried giving his grazing fees to the county, which they turned down.
So my dad just went on running his ranch and making his own improvements with his own equipment and his own money, not taxes.
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In essence the BLM was managing my dad out of business.
Well when buying him out didn't work, they used the endangered species card.
You've already heard about the desert tortoise.
Well that didn't work either, so then began the threats and the court orders, which my dad has proven to be unlawful for all these years.
Now they're desperate.
Read the rest here.


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You'll love exploring nature with your preschooler as you enjoy this Zootles book together!
Young children will explore the world of baby wild animals. They'll learn about baby polar bears, zebras, kangaroos, cheetahs, bears, sea otters, elephants, giraffes, deer, koalas, and more. Then, observe "Springtime in the Swamp" as you and your child read this charming story about Ibi the otter pup and the variety of baby animals he encounters during a late-afternoon swimming lesson.
Do you know how tiny a newborn kangaroo is? Learn the answer to this and much more in this Animal Babies book. Enjoy searching for animals in "Hide and Seek" hidden pictures and match pictures of baby animals and their parents. The book also includes a parent resource section with tips to get the most out of the book and ideas for extending the fun and learning.
The number explored in the book is 2, and the concept is awake/asleep.
Enjoy all our Zootles books. The books help preschoolers develop vital pre-reading and reading skills, and you can explore nature and science while you cuddle up and read together.
Animal Babies Softcover
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Sasural Simar Ka 11th March 2013 Written Episode Update
Sasural Simar Ka 11th March 2013 Written Episode, Sasural Simar Ka 11th March 2013 Written Update
It starts with Prem telling Simar about to celebrate marriage annivarsary very simple way while Simar thinks about Siddhant and Naina's relationships.
Simar is shocked when Prem reveals to her that there is no money in their account.
Roli feels bad when Siddhant refuses to go to the temple alongwith her.
Prem tells Simar that he will soon sort out all the problems.
Khushi tries to convince Sankalp but Sankalp throws her out of his room.
A prisoner runs away from jail and Khushi assumes that it is Veeru.
Siddhant is shocked when Simar tells her that Naina is now his responsibility but first he will have to tell truth to Roli.
Detailed Updated later..
Update Credit to: Metromasti


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Sometimes, it feels like it's all good and all is well. We feel calm and contented, peaceful and joyful, loving and connected, and just generally well.
We love feeling like this. Universally, everyone knows what this feels like, we all enjoy it, and we all strive to get back there when we're not feeling it.
But it's easy to misunderstand what we're feeling. Often, it looks like we're feeling life "going our way".
It looks like we feel good because the person we want to spend time with also wants to spend time with us. It looks like we feel joyful because we got that promotion. It looks like we feel peaceful because it's a sunny Saturday. It looks like we feel love because we found the right person to love us.
And so we attribute all those good feelings to things outside of us: our circumstances, environment, and other people. We feel great and automatically scan our lives for the reason for that great feeling.
Oh it must be the sun! The recognition! The lovely person! The day off!
When it truth, we feel good because we naturally, by default, ARE well-being.
When we're feeling good we're simply feeling our default natural state without the interference of thought. That's it.
We think it's the sun but really it's the lack of critical thinking about the weather.
We think it's that special person but really it's any human we're in the moment with when we're not listening to our insecure, self-conscious thinking.
We think it's the day off but really it's just lack of thinking about the work week, our to-do lists and our perceived responsibilities.
When we have less on our minds, we all, universally, consistently, feel like all is well. We feel contented, we feel peaceful, we feel connected and all is good.
It's true that we're not always going to have little to nothing on our minds. All humans feel busy, sped up, caught up and stressed from time to time.
But that experience is always moving, always ebbing and flowing if we let it move through us.
When we're not trying to fight it, fix it or control it, it just leaves on it's own accord and we're right back to having not much on our minds and feeling great.
So if you don't feel that all is well, that's okay. Give the system a minute or two to reset. Don't try to do anything with your thinking, don't listen to it, don't take it seriously, don't engage with it.
The minute it's allowed to come and go as it's designed, it reveals what's always just underneath it: love, peace, connection, contentedness, joy and well-being.
And then, once again, it's all good.


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You are currently browsing the tag archive for the 'Mirriam-Webster' tag.
I'm sorry, but this past week has just been too good for me to not keep posting.
Sandwiches. Mirriam-Webster defines a Sandwich as: 1 a : two or more slices of bread or a split roll having a filling in between b : one slice of bread covered with food.
However, RapRadar defines a sandwich as: When The Roots enter and leave a commercial break on Late Night With Jimmy Fallon, they perform small sets called "sandwiches". And since joining the show in March, the crew have composed 1,000 of 'em. This past weekend, drummer ?uestlove compiled 22 of them into a free EP. Can't beat that.
Similar to a live band take on Dilla's Donuts, I give you, Sandwiches.
THE ROOTS – SANDWICHES (Direct Link)
And as an added bonus, another track that's surfaced from Black Thought's unreleased Masterpiece Theatre album, I give you:
BLACK THOUGHT – MONA LISA – Shout out to Slick Rick!
No not the astronaut, the DJ. Founding member of the legendary turntablist crew the 5th Platoon (which also includes highly decorated vets likes Vinroc, Roli Rho, I. Emerg and others) has been tearin shows and pumpin out mixtapes for years now. And although well known amongst DJ's and Turntablists, Armstrong's maintained a relatively low profile (whether intentionally or unintentionally, I'm not sure) outside the walls of his genre. Well, this past year, he was given the opportunity to be Mr. Shawn Carter's touring DJ for the Blueprint 3 and well, that's just something you don't pass up.
Anyway, he's just released this short little clip detailing a day in the life of DJ Neil Armstrong. If you don't know…..
Part 2 of the Mos Def interview with DJ Semtex. Click Clack.
That's Wednesday folk.
Get it.


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So far, we have heard rumors pointing towards Apple releasing three new iPhone variants: two of them featuring an OLED display and a third cheaper model with a 6.1-inch LCD display. However, a new DigiTimes report claims that Apple is working on four new iPhone models for 2018.
Out of these four models, two of them sport LCD displays measuring 5.7/5.8-inch and 6/6.1-inch, respectively. The other two models feature OLED displays measuring 6/6.1-inch and 6.4/6.5-inches. However, Apple will only end up launching three models this year, out of which two will sport LCD displays and one will make use of a 6.5-inch OLED display.
This strategy will be similar to what Apple employed with the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and the iPhone X this year. The report states that while Apple originally wanted to release two new iPhones this year with OLED displays, it has recently started leaning towards LCD panels. The shift in Apple's strategy is not clear at this point and the company's decision is also not final so it can change anytime.
Reputed Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo has said that Apple will launch three new iPhones this year, with two of them featuring OLED panels. One of them will be the iPhone X Plus with a 6.5-inch OLED panel, while the other model will be the successor to the original iPhone X. The third new model will be a lower priced iPhone variant featuring a 6.1-inch LCD display.
All four models being tested by Apple feature wireless charging and 3D sensing functionalities. While not mentioned in the report, it is also clear that irrespective of which display tech Apple ends up going for in its 2018 iPhone lineup, they will also feature a notch display design.
Our Take
It is likely that Apple is looking at launching two new iPhones with LCD displays this year due to the shortage of OLED panels. While Samsung supplied Apple with OLED panels for the iPhone X, it does not have the resources to fulfill Apple's demand for OLED panels for two new iPhones. And even if it does, Apple does not like to rely on one supplier for such a key component of its product. While Apple is looking at LG Display, JDI and other display makers to supply it with OLED panels, these companies are still in the process of setting up their OLED production lines and their OLED panel quality is nowhere near that of Samsung.[Via DigiTimes]


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Fuse and Types of Fuses – Construction, Operation & Applications
Different Types of Fuses – Constriction, Working & Uses
What is a Fuse?
A fuse is an electric / electronic or mechanical device, which is used to protect circuits from over current, overload and make sure the protection of the circuit. Electric fuse was invented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1890. There are many types of fuses, but function of all these fuses is same. In this article, we will discuss the different types of fuses, its construction, working & operation and their application in various electronics and electrical system.
Construction & Working of a Fuse
A general Fuse consists of a low resistance metallic wire enclosed in a non combustible material. It is used to connect and install in series with a circuit and device which needs to be protected from short circuit and over current, other wise, electrical appliance may be damaged in case of absence of the fuse and circuit breaker as they are unable to handle the excessive current according to their rating limits
The working principle of a fuse is based on the "Heating effect of Current" i.e. Whenever a short circuit, over current or mismatched load connection occurs, then the thin wire inside the fuse melts because of the heat generated by the heavy current flowing through it. Therefore, it disconnects the power supply from the connected system. In normal operation of the circuit, fuse wire is just a very low resistance component and does not affect the normal operation of the system connected to the power supply.
Related Post: Air Circuit Breaker (ACB): Construction, Operation, Types and Uses
How to Select Proper Rating Size of Fuse?
While selecting the proper fuse and its rated size for electrical appliances is based on different factors and environments. but the following basic formula shows that how to choose the right size of fuse?
Fuse Rating = ( Power / Voltage ) x 1.25
For example, you have to find a right size of fuse for 10A two pin socket.
(1000W / 230V ) x 1.25 = 5.4A
in the above example, 1kW is the power rating which can be control through the 2 pin socket and the main supply voltage is single phase 230V AC (120V AC in US).
But you should go for the max i.e. 6A fuse rating instead of 5.4A for safe and reliable operation of the circuit.
- Related Post: Difference Between MCB & MCCB According To IEC Standards
Characteristics of a Fuse
Different types of fuses can be categories on the following characteristics.
- Current Rating & Current Carrying Capacity of Fuse
- Voltage Rating of Fuse
- Breaking Capacity of a Fuse
- I2t Value of Fuse
- Response Characteristic
- Rated voltage of Fuse
- Packaging Size
below is the brief explanation of the above categories.
Fuse Current Carrying Capacity
Current carrying capacity is the amount of current which a fuse can easily conduct without interrupting the circuit.
Breaking capacity:
The value of maximum current that can safely be interrupted by the Fuse is called Breaking Capacity and should be higher than the prospective short circuit current.
- Related Post: How to Read MCB Nameplate Data Rating Printed on it?
Rated Voltage of Fuse
Expect the current capacity of current, there are the maximum voltage rating a fuse can handle safely. Each fuse has maximum allowed voltage rating, for example, if a fuse is designed for 32 volts it cannot be used with 220 volts, different amount of isolation is required in different fuses working on different voltage levels. Bases of voltage rating, a fuse can be HV (High Voltage) LV (Low Voltage), and Miniature Fuses.
I2t Value of Fuse
The I2t terms related to fuse normally used in short circuit condition. it is the amount of energy which carry the fuse element when the electrical fault is cleared by fuse element.
Response Characteristic of a Fuse
The speed at which fuse blows, depend on the amount of current flowing through its wire. The higher the current flowing through the wire, faster will be the response time.
Response characteristic shows the response time for over current event. Fuses which respond rapidly to the over current situation is called ultra fast fuses or Fast fuses. They are used in Many semiconductor devices because semiconductor devices damaged by over current very rapidly.
There is another fuse which Is called slow burn fuse, switch fuses do not respond rapidly to the over current event, but blow after several seconds of over current occurrence. Such fuses found their application in motor control electronics systems because motor takes a lot more current at starting than running.
- Related Post: Difference between ELCB, RCB and RCD Circuit Breakers
Packaging size
As we have mentioned above that AC and DC fuses, have a little bit different packaging type, in the same way different application requires different packages to be used accurately in the circuit.
other factors and parameters are marking, temperature derating, voltage drop and speed etc.
Classification of Fuses
Fuses can be classified as "One Time Only Fuse", "Resettable Fuse", "Current limiting and non – current limiting fuses" based on the usage for different appluacations.
One time use fuses contain a metallic wire, which burns out, when an over current, over load or mismatched load connect event occurs, user has to manually replace these fuses, switch fuses are cheap and widely used in almost all the electronics and electrical systems.
on the other hand, the Resetable fuse automatically reset after the operation when fault occurs at the system.
In the Current limiting fuse, they produce high resistance for a very short period while the non – current limiting fuse produce an arc in case of high current flow to interrupts and limit the current in related and connected circuit.
- Related Post: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Electrical Works
Types of Fuses
There are different types of fuses available in the market and they can be categories on the basis of Different aspects.
Good to know: Fuses are used in AC as well as DC circuits.
Click image to enlarge
Fuses can be divided into two main categories according to the type of input supply voltage.
- AC fuses
- DC fuses
There is a little difference between AC and DC fuses used in the AC and DC Systems which has been discussed below.
DC Fuses
In a DC system, when the metallic wire Melts because of the heat generated by the over current, then Arc is produced and it is very difficult to extinct this arc because of DC constant value. So in order to minimize the fuse arcing, DC fuse are little bigger than an AC fuse which increase the distance between the electrodes to reduce the arc in the Fuse.
AC Fuses
On the other hand, i.e. in the AC system, voltage with 60Hz or 50Hz frequency changes it amplitude from zero to 60 times every second, so arc can be extinct easily as compared to DC. Therefore, AC fuses are little bit small in sizes as compared to DC fuses.
Fuses can also be categorized based on one time or multiple Operations.
- Related Post: Failures In Electrical Systems, Equipments & Materials
Cartridge Fuses
Cartridge fuses are used to protect electrical appliances such as motors air-conditions, refrigerator, pumps etc, where high voltage rating and currents required. They are available up to 600A and 600V AC and widely used in industries, commercial as well as home distribution panels.
There are two types of Cartridge fuses. 1. General purpose fuse with no time delay and 2. Heavy-duty cartridge fuses with time delay. Both are available in 250V AC to 600V AC and its rating can be found on the end cap or knife blade.
Cartridge Fuses are enclosed in a base and can be divided in further in Link type cartridge fuses and D Type Cartridge Fuses.
D – Type Cartridge Fuse
D-Types fuse contains on adapter ring, base, cap and cartridge. Fuse base is connected to the fuse cap where cartridge is inside the fuse cap. The circuit is completed when the tip of the cartridge make contacts through the fuse link conductor.
HRC (High Rupturing Capacity) Fuse or Link Type Cartridge Fuse
We have already disused in very details about HRC fuse (High Rupturing Capacity) construction, operation and their applications. It also cover different types of HRC fuses like DIN type, NH Type, Blade Type, Liquid Type HRC Fuse, Expulsion Type HV Fuse, advantages & disadvantage etc.
Related Post:
- Single Phase Electrical Wiring Installation in Home – NEC & IEC
- Three Phase Electrical Wiring Installation in Home – NEC & IEC
High Voltage Fuses
High Voltage (HV) fuses are used in power system to protect the power transformer, distribution transformers and instrument transformer etc where circuit breakers may not be able to protect the system. High Voltage fuses are rated for more than 1500V and up to 13kV.
The element of High Voltage fuse generally made of copper, silver or tin. The fuse link chamber may filled with boric acid in case of expulsion type HV (High Voltage) Fuses
Automotive, Blade Type & Bolted Type Fuses
These type of fuses (also known as spade or plug-in fuses) comes in plastic body and two metal caps to fit in the socket. Mostly, they used in automobiles for wiring and short circuit protection. Expect this, Fuse Limiters, Glass Tube (also known as Bosch Fuse) are widely used in automotive industries. The rating of automobile fuses are low as 12V to 42V.
In bolted types of fuses, the base of the fuse contacted directly to the base of the fuse same like HRC Fuses, to read more about Blade Type and Bolted types of fuses related to HRC fuses, check the post. Types of HRC Fuses.
SMD Fuses (Surface Mount Fuse), Chip , Radial, and Lead Fuses
SMD Fuses (Surface Mont Device and the name derived from SMT = Surface Mount Technology) are chip types of fuses (also known as electronic fuse) are used in DC power applications like Hard Drive, DVD players, Camera, cell phones etc where space playing an important role because SMD fuses are very tinny in size and hard to replace as well.
Below are some additional types of SMD Fuses and Leaded fuses.
- Slow – Blow Chip Fuses
- Fast Acting Chip Fuses
- Very Fast Acting Chip Fuses
- Pulse Tolerant Chip Fuses
- High Current Rated Chip Fuses
- Telecom Fuses
- Through-hole styles fuses
- Radial Fuse
- Lead Fuse
- Axial Fuse
Rewirable Fuses
The most famous kit-kat fuse (also know as rewireable fuse) mostly used in industries and home electrical wiring for small current applications in Low Voltage (LV) systems.
Rewireable fuse contains on 2 basic parts. The inner fuse element as fuse carrier made of tinned copper, Aluminum, Lead etc and the base made of porcelain having the IN and OUT terminals which is used to be in series with the circuit to protect.
The main advantage of rewireable fuse is that It can be rewire easily in case if it blown due to short circuit or over current which melts the fuse elements. Simple, put another wire of fuse elements with the same rating as before.
Thermal Fuses
As mentioned above, thermal fuse is a one time used only fuse. They are temperature sensitive fuse and the fuse element is made of temperature sensitive alloy. They known as Thermal Cutouts (TCO) or Thermal Links.
In a thermal fuse, the fuse element hold a mechanical spring contact which is normally closed. When high currents due to over current and short circuit flow through the elements of the fuse, the fuse elements melts down which lead to release the spring mechanism and prevent the arc and fire and protect the connected circuit.
Related Articles:
- All About Electrical Protection Systems, Devices And Units
- Failures In Electrical Systems, Equipments & Materials
Resettable Fuses
Resettable fuse is a device, which can be used as multiple times without replacing it. They open the circuit, when an over current event occurs and after some specific time they connect the circuit again. Polymeric positive temperature coefficient device (PPTC, commonly known as a resettable fuse, poly-switch or poly-fuse) is a passive electronic component used to protect against short current faults in electronic circuits.
Application of resettable fuses is overcome where manually replacing of fuses is difficult or almost impossible, e.g. fuse in the nuclear system or in aerospace system.
Uses and Applications of Fuses
Different types of Electrical and Electronic Fuses can be used in all types of electrical and electronic systems and applications including:
- Motors & Transformers
- Air-conditions
- Home distribution boards
- General electrical appliances and devices
- Laptops
- Cell phones
- Game systems
- Printers
- Digital cameras
- DVD players
- Portable Electronics
- LCD monitors
- Scanners
- Battery packs
- Hard disk drives
- Power convertors
You may also read
- Switch and Types of Switches
- Types of Solar Panels
- What is intermediate switch, Its Construction and Applications
- Home Electrical Wiring Installation Tutorials


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Upcoming Xbox 720 To Utilize Microsoft IllumiRoom Projection Technology?
Microsoft's Illumiroom could play a role in the future of the next-generation Xbox, according to a new preview video released ahead of this week's CHI 2013 event which promises to reveal more technical details about this proof-of-concept system.
IllumiRoom is a wide-angle projector that's situated on your coffee table, pointed at your big-screen TV. The current prototype has a Kinect strapped to the projector, but the final version will have a Kinect sensor built in. The built-in Kinect uses an automatic calibration process to captures the color and geometry (shape, depth) of the wall behind and furniture around your TV.
Then you hook the IllumiRoom up to your next-generation Xbox (wirelessly), and watch in awe as peripheral projection takes you to new levels of game immersion.
The video goes on to state that the new technology "can extend the gaming content out of your TV, creating a truly immersive experience. Or we can selectively show game elements, like explosions, or make it snow in our living room."
Microsoft will have had to have got permission from Valve to include their game in the demo, so it suggests they've already been shopping the technology around to developers in order to get them interested in supporting it.
Entirely self-calibrating and theoretically working in any room containing the next-generation Xbox, Microsoft realises that, like with Kinect, there may be issues with the technology.
"While there are many unanswered questions regarding peripheral projected illusions, we hope we have demonstrated that they are worth answering."
[youtube id="0qyM5kRU-KM" width="100%" height="300px"]
[The Verge]


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2018 was another significant year in AMD's progress in our multi-year strategy in high-performance computing and graphics. Over the past year, we launched 23 new AMD Ryzen™ processors for desktops and laptops; latest numbers indicate about a 12% increase in our employee workforce; and we have expanded our supplier base.
Within this environment of growth, I'm proud that AMD continues to be driven by a pursuit of building great products that help solve some of the world's toughest challenges, and doing so in a way that strives to leave the world better for those to come. This vision inspires a culture that excites and empowers AMD'ers, and has resulted in AMD again being named by Forbes and Just Capital as one of the 100 Most JUST Companies in the U.S. We're honored by the recognition, but more pleased to know that we're heading in the right direction and our investments are paying off.
The JUST 100 analyzes publicly-traded companies in the U.S. to determine their performance on a number of issues important to Americans – among them, focusing on environmental stewardship, product benefits, community engagement, treatment of customers, and very importantly, treatment of workers. These issues align closely with our corporate responsibility priorities, which we view through the lens of people, planet and purpose.
As we reflect on this recognition, and the behind-the-scenes work that made it possible, I'd like to share a few highlights from this past year.
Giving back through our fourth annual AMD Cares Day of Service
Although it was a busy time for our workforce, we saw higher participation in our fourth annual AMD Cares Day of Service with a 29 percent increase last year. In the midst of competing priorities, teams still made time to step away from their desks to connect with our local communities. In a compelling data point, our employee survey shows higher engagement among employees who volunteer.
Delivering our fastest and most efficient APU ever
AMD's 25x20 Energy Efficiency Initiative continues to be a driving force behind the development of our mobile accelerated processing units (APUs). We are on track to meet our goal of achieving a 25x energy efficiency improvement in our mobile APUs by the year 2020, from a 2014 baseline. Last year, we reached another milestone with our latest "Raven Ridge" APU, our fastest and most efficient APU to date[i].
Looking towards the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals
AMD participated in the pilot program for a new tool from Trucost, which allows companies to evaluate their business practices to determine progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our involvement gave AMD not only the opportunity to benchmark our programs, but also contribute in the development of a tool to help the business community implement and improve sustainable practices.
Collaborating to help solve societal challenges
High-performance computing (HPC) is benefiting the world in which we live. From healthcare to education and other applications, HPC is helping to improve lives around the world. By way of example, we recently shared details about a collaboration with the University of Notre Dame to deploy AMD EPYC™ processor-powered HPE ProLiant DL385 Gen10 servers in the university's Center for Research Computing (CRC). This powerful CRC cluster is enabling innovative research in analysis of air pollution on human health, and in the relationship between deforestation and our atmosphere.
While it is important to reflect on the progress we have made together in 2018, we know there is always more work to do. We look forward to another year of delivering innovative technology, advancing environmental stewardship, bringing value to the communities in which we live and work, and more.
Follow our progress on Twitter - @AMDInitiatives.
Susan Moore is Corporate Vice President of Government Affairs, Corporate Responsibility and Community Affairs for AMD. Her postings are her own opinions and may not represent AMD's positions, strategies or opinions. Links to third party sites are provided for convenience and unless explicitly stated, AMD is not responsible for the contents of such linked sites and no endorsement is implied.
[i] Based on AMD internal testing as of 6/15/2018. Relative energy efficiency based on a 50:50 weighted average of CPU+GPU performance (variable "C"), as evaluated by Cinebench R15 nT and 3DMark 11 P scores, divided by typical energy usage (variable "E") as defined by: ETEC (Typical Energy Consumption for notebook computers), Energy Star Program Requirements Rev 6.1 10/2014. AMD "Kaveri" (2014) represents the baseline of 1.0X for CPU, GPU, and ETEC. AMD "Carrizo" (2015) efficiency 1.23C/0.35E=3.51X. AMD "Bristol Ridge" (2016) efficiency 1.36C/0.34E=3.97X. AMD "Raven Ridge" (2017) efficiency 2.47C/0.44E=5.66X. AMD "Raven Ridge 2018" efficiency based on expected characteristics of forthcoming solution. Scores in order of Cinebench R15 nT/3DMark 11 P Score: "Kaveri" 232/2142 (100%), "Carrizo" 277/2709 (123%), "Bristol Ridge" 279/3234 (136%), "Raven Ridge" 667/4425 (247%), "Raven Ridge 2018" (based on expected characteristics of forthcoming solution). AMD Reference Platform: "Kaveri" AMD FX-7600P, 2x4GB DDR3L-1600, Crucial CT256M4SSD2, Windows 8.1 x64 9600, Graphics Driver 13.350.0.0, 1366x768 / AMD Reference Platform: "Carrizo" AMD FX-8800P, 2x2GB DDR3-1866, Crucial CT256M550SSD1, Windows 10 x64 10586, Graphics Driver 18.104.22.1684, 1366x768 / AMD Reference Platform: "Bristol Ridge" AMD FX-9830P, 2x4GB DDR4-2133, Crucial CT256M4SSD2, Windows 10 x64 10586, Graphics Driver 22.214.171.1244, 1366x768 / AMD Reference Platform: "Raven Ridge" AMD Ryzen™ 7 2700U, 2x4GB DDR4-2400, Samsung 850 Pro SSD, Windows 10 x64 15254, Graphics Driver: 22.19.655.2, 1920x1080 / AMD Reference Platform: "Raven Ridge 2018" based on expected characteristics of forthcoming solution. Results may vary with configuration and driver versions. RVM-108


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UW Medicine gratefully welcomes gifts made in memory of or in honor of your family, friends or mentors.
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Just fill out a short form, and our staff will create the page for the person you are paying tribute to. You will receive an email once the page is complete, giving you access to the page and your own URL to share with friends and loved ones. View a sample tribute page.
How do I make a gift?
You may make your gift online, by calling us at 206.543.5686 or by mailing a check to UW Medicine Advancement, Attn.: Gift Processing, Box 358045, Seattle, WA 98195‐8045. Please include the name of the person you're paying tribute to, and, if you know it, the name of the fund being used to honor them. Please reference this information when making your gift.
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We suggest that you use text similar to this:
The family requests that memorial gifts be made in support of the [program/hospital/research area] at UW Medicine. Checks should be made payable to the "UW Foundation" and mailed to: UW Medicine Advancement, Attn.: Gift Processing, Box 358045, Seattle, WA 98195‐8045. Please indicate that the gift is in memory of [name]. Or you may make a gift online. (Note: if you choose to create a tribute page, include the URL for that page here.)
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Thank you for thinking of UW Medicine.


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This represents a total equity value of approximately US$162 million and approximately US$106 million net of cash and marketable securities reported on March 31, 2008. The offer price per share is approximately 16% over the average price for IONA shares over the six months prior to the offer period announced by IONA on February 8, 2008. The IONA Technologies Board of Directors has unanimously approved the transaction and each IONA Technologies director has entered into an agreement to vote in favour of the transaction.
Progress Software is a global supplier of application infrastructure software used to develop, deploy, integrate and manage business applications, and Iona Technologies is an established supplier of software integration technology.
Upon completion of the transaction, which is expected to occur in September pending regulatory approval in the US, IONA shareholder approval and issuance of an order by the Irish High Court, IONA would become an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Progress Software.
The combination of Progress Software and IONA creates the industry choice for truly independent, heterogeneous Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) infrastructure. IONA products complement the Progress SOA Portfolio with leading edge, best-in-class technology now with the widest variety of heterogeneous deployment options and interoperability. And IONA brings an experienced and talented team to Progress that has built a reputation with Global 2000 enterprises for addressing the most complex integration challenges through innovative and cost-effective solutions.
Through its Artix product line, IONA provides some of the industry's most advanced Web-standards based integration technologies in support of a SOA. In addition, IONA offers open source SOA integration components through its FUSE(TM) product line. And, for 15 years, IONA has been the industry leader in CORBA integration technology, a well-established integration standard currently relied upon in mission-critical IT systems of some of the world's largest companies.
The IONA products complement the Progress SOA Portfolio, which consists of best-in-class products that can be used standalone or together to form an entire SOA infrastructure. With the addition of IONA technology, legacy and high performance applications written in C++ or those built to the CORBA standard, can now expose reusable services that fully participate in a Web-standards SOA implementation. In addition, IONA also has "smart endpoint" integration with Microsoft's .NET Windows Communications Framework and the popular open source Spring Java application framework. These smart endpoints, service-enabling almost all existing applications, can work within any IT environment through a wide-variety of network protocols and are fully compatible with the Progress Sonic ESB to form a complete SOA "backbone" for heterogeneous integration and interoperability.
Numerous large enterprises use innovative and robust IONA technology for their most high-performance and mission-critical systems primarily in the telecommunications, financial services, manufacturing, and government markets. These customers will now have access to all the complementary products in the Progress SOA Portfolio as they implement a SOA framework for integration of existing applications and for new development.
Joseph Alsop, co-founder and chief executive officer of Progress Software commented: "We are proud to inherit IONA's long history and reputation for developing some of the industry's most respected and well-recognized technology for integrating mission-critical systems, often involving hundreds of applications and millions of transactions per day over diverse IT environments. We certainly expect to benefit by enhancing and extending these customer relationships and by leveraging IONA technology within products across our SOA portfolio. IONA products are very complementary to what Progress offers today and IONA customers can rest assured that Progress is committed to the same high standards of support, product quality, and performance."
Peter Zotto, chief executive officer of IONA noted: "We could not have chosen a better partner in terms of commitment to customers, pursuit of technology excellence, and shared vision to be the industry's leading independent supplier of SOA infrastructure software. Progress is now the clear choice for SOA implementations in performance-demanding IT environments. Combining IONA's proven expertise in distributed system integration technologies with the Progress SOA portfolio will allow customers to achieve a better return on existing IT assets and future IT investments."
About the Transaction
The acquisition will be effected by means of a "scheme of arrangement" under Irish law pursuant to which a wholly owned subsidiary of Progress Software, SPK Acquisitions Limited, will acquire all of the outstanding securities of IONA not already owned by Progress Software or its wholly-owned subsidiaries from IONA shareholders for cash. The acquisition will be subject to the terms and conditions to be set forth in the scheme of arrangement document to be delivered to IONA shareholders. To become effective, the scheme of arrangement requires, among other things, the approval of a majority in number of IONA shareholders, present and voting either in person or by proxy, representing 75% or more in value of the IONA shares held by such holders. The acquisition is also subject to regulatory approval in the U.S. and the approval of the Irish High Court. Assuming the necessary approvals are obtained and all conditions have been satisfied, the acquisition will become effective upon delivery to the Registrar of Companies in Ireland of the court order of the Irish High Court sanctioning the scheme. Upon the acquisition becoming effective, it will be binding on all IONA shareholders.
About IONA Technologies plc
For more than a decade, IONA(R) Technologies (NASDAQ: IONA) has been a world leader in delivering high-performance integration solutions for Global 2000 IT environments. IONA pioneered standards-based integration with its CORBA-based Orbix products. IONA Artix, an advanced SOA infrastructure suite, enables customers to leverage service-oriented architecture to streamline and modernize IT environments. The FUSE(TM) family of Open Source products includes supported, enterprise releases of Apache ServiceMix, ActiveMQ, CXF and Camel.
IONA is headquartered in Dublin, Ireland, with U.S. headquarters in Waltham, Massachusetts and offices worldwide. For additional information about IONA, visit our Web site at www.iona.com.
About Progress Software Corporation
Progress Software Corporation (NASDAQ: PRGS) provides application infrastructure software for the development, deployment, integration and management of business applications. Our goal is to maximize the benefits of information technology while minimizing its complexity and total cost of ownership. Progress can be reached at www.progress.com.