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Choosing a bed and bed accessories
Choosing a bed and bed accessories
Sponsorship has no influence on our impartial content
- Introduction
- Where to get help and advice
- For people who need help to sit up or lie down in bed
- For people who need back support when sitting in bed
- For people who slide down the bed
- For people who have difficulty getting their legs into bed
- For people who have difficulty moving or turning in bed
- For people who have difficulty getting out of bed
- For people who cannot safely take weight through their legs or whose ability to move is limited
- For people with continence difficulties
- For people with back pain
- For people who need the bed clothes away from their body or legs
- For people who fall or wander from bed
- For people who have to lie flat for long periods of time
- Mattresses for comfort
- For people who wish to eat in bed or carry out leisure activities, such as reading in bed
- Useful organisations
All rights reserved. No reproduction or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. Inclusion (including any display advertising) does not indicate that any item has been recommended or tested. All information is provided without legal responsibility.
As most people spend between a third and a half of their lives in bed, it is important to ensure that the time spent there is as comfortable as possible, and that it is easy to move around or get in or out of the bed.
For information about choosing a standard, extra long or extra wide bed, contact the National Bed Federation (NBF). They will be able to send you factsheets on how to choose a bed and mattress. These are provided free of charge.
The aim of this factsheet is to provide information about accessories for standard beds and beds with special features that are available to help people with specific difficulties or their carers. These difficulties may include getting in and out of bed, turning over, sitting up and generally getting comfortable in bed. Comfort and sleeping well are essential not only for the well-being of a person, but also because, for some people, they may mean the difference between being able or unable to carry out activities independently. If you are experiencing difficulty with any of the activities mentioned above, you may benefit from an assessment by a physiotherapist or occupational therapist. Sometimes a change in the way you carry out an activity or a different technique may help you to manage independently instead of using equipment.
Many of the beds with special features are available as a double bed where one side of the bed remains as a standard bed.
For up-to-date product and supplier information, please contact our equipment helpline, open Tuesday to Thursday 10am-4.30pm. Tel: 0300 999 0004 (calls charged at local rate) or if phoning from a mobile, it is cheaper to ring 020 7432 8018.
Alternatively, you can write to us at 34 Chatfield Road, Wandsworth, London SW11 3SE or contact us via email at email@example.com. To help us give you a concise and informative reply, please provide us with as much detail as possible including information on the difficulties you are having and any solutions you have considered, such as equipment ideas.
British Standards
All upholstered furniture that is intended for private use in a house needs to conform to the Furniture and Furnishings (Fire)(Safety) Regulations act 1988. Within each standard there are several parts with tests of increasing severity. Check with suppliers which parts have been met.
Where to get help and advice
It is advisable to seek independent advice before buying bed accessories or buying a special bed. Sometimes another solution may help instead, or the local council or health service may provide an appropriate service. Beware of salesmen who try to persuade you to buy equipment that does not meet your needs or is poor value for money.
If you have a disability or you are caring for someone with a disability, remember that you have the right to ask social services for a community care assessment.
The council assessor considers the type and level of your need. If you have many needs or if your needs are assessed as essential or complex the council may help directly; for example, if you have difficulty moving in bed and getting out of bed.
If you find you would prefer a different service to the one offered by the council you can ask for a direct payment of money instead; since April 2003, this also applies to equipment the council may offer you.
If your needs are few or simple, the council may not help directly. For example, if your only need is that your bed is too low which makes it difficult for you to stand up, you may receive advice on alternative ways of solving the problem instead of direct help. Perhaps you may be directed to where you can buy equipment locally, visit a local independent living centre or obtain suitable mail order catalogues.
The recommendation is that before you buy any equipment, particularly beds, try it out.
Statutory provision of bed equipment
In the past this was often seen by the different authorities as a grey area of provision. Even today, the organisation that provides this type of equipment may vary from one area of the country to another.
Sometimes it is regarded as home nursing equipment, i.e. that which a community nurse considers necessary to help him or her carry out nursing duties effectively. Examples of items that may be supplied by the community nurse are:
- bed backrests, bed cradles, bed tables, bed rails, bed linen;
- beds such as pressure relief beds or mattresses and hospital-type nursing beds;
- hoists and small handling equipment.
However, other items are regarded as daily living equipment, i.e. that which enables a person to get on with daily living, and may make them more independent.
This may include items such as:
- rope ladders, bed blocks, self-lifting blocks, lifting poles, grab handles;
- overhead and mobile hoists;
- leg lifters.
This type of equipment may be supplied by social services.
The different authorities now have a legal duty to work together to try and ensure equipment is provided as quickly as possible after an assessment of need is agreed.
For people who need help to sit up or lie down in bed
Lifting poles
Lifting poles (or pull handles) are designed to make moving around, moving into semi-lying positions or getting in and out of bed easier. The majority have a floor standing cantilever gantry, although some are wall- or bed-attached. If freestanding, care should be taken to ensure that the base is positioned properly under the bed, otherwise the gantry frame may tip over. A handle hangs from the gantry and, when adjusted to a suitable height, some people with enough strength can pull on it safely. The user does need to have fairly strong upper limbs and good abdominal control.
Lifting poles are not usually suitable for people with painful arms, painful shoulders, limited overhead shoulder movement or abdominal weakness.
Consider the following:
- a moulded handgrip may be more comfortable to hold and an adjustable length strap provides greater flexibility;
- ensure that there is enough room for the base to slide under a divan bed and, where possible, fasten it to the bed headboard for greater stability;
- if the person also uses a mobile hoist for transfers, ensure that the lifting pole base does not prevent the hoist from being correctly positioned under the bed, and that the overhead arm does not obstruct the lifting boom of the hoist;
- some models dismantle for transporting, which may make it possible to take the lifting pole on holiday;
- remember that appearance is important, especially if the pole is to be used in a domestic setting. Some of the frames look very clinical.
Rope ladders
Rope ladders either fit onto the footboard, the bed frame or the two feet at the end of the bed. They have rungs which the person pulls on to help him/herself into a sitting position.
Ensure that the ladder is safely and securely fixed in place and that the first rung is within reach of the person lying on the bed. Take care as those with plastic rungs may be slippery to hold. A retrieval line pinned to the bedclothes is sometimes needed if the rope ladder slips to the floor during the night.
Pull straps
A pull strap has a similar function to a rope ladder; instead of rungs to pull on there are loops in the strap. Some straps have a clip that makes it easier to secure the strap to the bed. They are lightweight and easily transported.
Grab handles
The various types of grab handles on the market are either wall-fixed, bed-fixed or floor-fixed. They are used to pull on by someone to help sit up or turn over in bed.
- Some are fixed in one position, whilst others lock into a choice of several positions. Some of the static models could obstruct part of the bedside, making it difficult to get in and out.
- Floor-fixed rails may be difficult to install if the floor is made of concrete.
- Ensure that bed-attached models are securely fixed. Some are tucked under the mattress and only rely on the weight of the person to secure them in position.
- Ensure that there is no risk of entrapment within the rail, at either end of the rail or between the rail and the mattress.
Guidance on spaces and safety can be found in the 2001 bulletin from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency entitled Advice on the safe use of bed rails
Mattress inclinators
Mattress inclinators (or mattress variators) are powered devices which can help a person sit up and lie down independently. They can remain raised to form a backrest if required to support a person in a sitting position. They are available for single or double beds.
Consider the following:
- check the mattress is compatible with the mattress inclinator. Hinged mattresses are most suitable and fibre- or foam-filled mattresses are usually compatible. Mattresses with continuous wire edging are unsuitable and pocket sprung mattresses may be damaged by long term use;
- because most inclinators do not have a knee break there is a risk the person may slip down the bed as soon as he/she sits up or later after a period of sitting. Three- or four-sectioned variable posture beds have the option to raise the person's knees to help prevent this happening;
- mattress elevators usually have a hinged frame which is placed between, and strapped to, the bed base and the mattress. Depending on the model chosen, the mattress is raised by air from a powered compressor inflating an air bag enclosed in the frame, or by a hydraulic piston attached to the frame;
- the amount of noise made by these units varies. Personal preference and whether other people nearby will be disturbed needs considering. Air bags tend to be noisier and hydraulic pistons quieter;
- most inclinators are controlled with a handset. Usually this has two separate switches or one rocker switch. Alternative controls, e.g. a joystick, are sometimes available;
- mattress inclinators and pillow lifters usually lift the person forwards and away from the bedside cabinet. A few models are designed to slide back as they lift so that the cabinet is still in reach.
Pillow lifters
Pillow lifters (or pillow lifts) rest on the top of the mattress and under the pillow (sometimes the pillow is part of the equipment). They are similar to mattress inclinators but are much narrower and give less support. If there is a risk that the person may fall off sideways it is probably more appropriate to use a mattress inclinator or a variable posture bed.
Pillow lifters with a knee break reduce the risk that the person will slip down the bed.
Variable posture beds
Variable posture beds have sections in the base under the mattress. The sections can hinge to form a back raise and sometimes a leg raise as well. This feature is known as profiling.
Some companies have a double bed option. Usually this comprises two single beds placed close together (one or both with the profiling option). If needed, ensure the beds will separate easily, e.g. for carers to assist from both sides, and/or there is sufficient clearance underneath, e.g. for the legs of a portable hoist.
Consider the following:
- three-section variable posture beds slightly raise the user's knees, forming a knee break that may prevent him/her from sliding down the bed;
- a more comfortable and stable position can be achieved in a bed with four sections, as the user's bottom remains horizontal while the knees are raised to form a break;
- five-section beds provide more profiling within the head/backrest section;
- two-section beds are sit-up only; the angle of the head section is adjusted to help sitting up/lying down or to form a backrest. There is no knee break option and, like most mattress inclinators and pillow lifters, it is likely that the person will slip down the bed.
Variable posture beds can be adjusted manually or electrically while the person is on the bed:
- those with a powered mechanism are usually controlled with a handset. Although powered by a motor, most are quiet or almost silent;
- manually operated beds are controlled by a foot-operated gas-assisted mechanism, a lever or winding mechanism or a ratchet system. The carer can find all of these quite hard work and the user cannot control the adjustment.
The mattresses for these beds are either foam, latex or sprung. They should have divisions to correspond with the sections of the bed's mattress platform. A sprung mattress with continuous wire edging should not be used, as it will make it difficult to profile the bed. It is advisable to check with the bed manufacturer if the mattress needs to be replaced at any stage. Alternatively, the National Bed Federation can provide information on companies that sell sectioned mattresses (see Useful Organisations)
Both domestic and hospital versions of variable posture beds are available. The domestic ones tend to be smaller with a wooden or padded headboard and generally look more homely. The hospital versions are larger, usually with a metal frame, more resilient and often have a choice of nursing functions.
It is important to check that a hospital bed provides the functions needed. Many have a tilting mechanism and most have the option of safety sides. It is necessary to specify other options; e.g. quick release of the backrest for resuscitation, removable head and footboards for assisted transfers, or the facility to choose which bed movements the occupant is able to control.
Section mattress platforms
These can be fitted onto the frame of a standard bed so that the platform can profile the mattress like a variable posture bed. The powered mechanism is controlled by a handset.
Chair beds
These can be used either as a bed or chair and users do not have to transfer from chair to bed or vice versa if they need to change position or sleep.
Some take the form of very adjustable beds, which can be electrically profiled so that the person is able to achieve a sitting position. Others are primarily chairs that can be reclined fully so that the person can lie horizontally.
For people who need back support when sitting in bed
Some of the items below are occasionally used in conjunction with those in the following section - 'For people who slide down the bed'- to prevent the person from sliding down the bed when in a seated position.
V-shaped pillows
These are used inverted on the bed to support the person's shoulders, arms and neck.
Free standing backrests
These have a wooden or metal frame. The angle of the supporting surface can be adjusted for use under the pillows to support the person in a sitting position. A headboard is essential to prevent the backrest from sliding backwards. Most fold flat for storage.
Tilting headboards
Tilting headboards are pulled forward at the base to provide a backrest. They are found on many older hospital beds. The manual operation is often hazardous involving twisting, bending and straining.
Armchair-shaped back supports
These supports are usually made of covered foam and have a backrest and armrests to provide comfort and support.
Variable posture beds
These can be adjusted to change the shape or profile of the bed according to the needs of the individual. The head end of the mattress can be elevated to support the back and shoulders of a person whilst they are sitting, and a knee break stops users from sliding down the bed. For further information see section 'For people who need help to sit up or lie down in bed'.
For people who slide down the bed
The following items may help to provide a stable position for someone in bed. A person is more likely to slip down the bed when in a sitting position if they are not supported under their knees. Care should be taken that frequent sliding does not result in pressure ulcers.
Supports and wedges
These are foam wedges or shaped pillows that can be positioned under the legs to provide support in bed.
A footboard is attached to the mattress or to a fixing plate at the end of the bed. Users need to have enough strength in their legs to push against it to prevent them from sliding down the bed or to enable them to re-position themselves.
One way glides
These are slip-resistant devices that move in one direction only. They are made of a length of material that has been stitched to form a continuous roller. The inside of the glide is made of a material that will easily slide one way, but cannot slide the other way. It is placed under the person sitting in bed, and enables him/her to slide or be slid backwards into a stable position, but not to slide forwards again. Some have foam or gel cushion inserts for comfort.
Some sliding sheets can also be used in a similar way. Care should be taken to ensure that the material does not wrinkle up under the bottom of the user, as any creases could be uncomfortable and potentially lead to pressure ulcers.
Tilting beds/Kings Fund beds
Kings Fund beds are used mainly in hospitals although, on rare occasions, they are provided as nursing equipment in a domestic environment if space permits. Hospital beds are heavy and the risks of delivering and installing the bed will prohibit use in many situations. To help prevent the occupant from sliding down either in a sitting or lying position the bed can be angled backwards by 3° or 4°. Making this adjustment can be very hazardous, as the foot end of the bed needs to be lifted and lowered manually. It is preferable to use a bed with an electrically controlled tilting facility or a variable posture bed with a knee break. Some domestic-type beds have these features.
Variable posture beds
These can be adjusted to change the shape or profile of the bed according to the needs of the individual. Users can adjust the bed so that they remain in a comfortable sitting position as their knees are being raised to form a break. Four- or five- section beds tend to be more comfortable than those with three sections. For further information about variable posture beds, see the section 'For people who need help to sit up or lie down in bed'
Mattress inclinators and pillow lifters
Mattress inclinators or pillow lifters with a knee break that raise the person's knees will sometimes help to stop him/her sliding down the bed when sitting up. For further information about this type of equipment, see the section 'For people who need help to sit up or lie down in bed'
For people who have difficulty getting their legs into bed
Manual leg lifters
These consist of a reinforced strap with a loop on the end. The person hooks his/her leg through the loop and then physically lifts the loop up onto the bed. However, the person concerned must have the strength, dexterity and the sitting balance to carry out the task. Some people use the crook neck of a walking stick or a looped webbing strap to perform the same task.
Powered leg lifters
These are powered devices that attach to the bed frame and require the user to sit on the edge of the bed with his/her feet on the floor in front of the device. They work on the principle of a platform that raises through an arc of 90°, lifting the legs of the user to a position just beyond the horizontal, level with the mattress. From this position the user can slide his/her legs off the platform and onto the bed.
- Some use a compressor to fill an air sack which, as it inflates, raises the platform. However, many of these compressors make a noise like a vacuum cleaner and may be disturbing.
- Both types are controlled by a handset, which either has two separate switches or a rocker switch.
For people who have difficulty moving or turning in bed
Most people need to move or turn regularly in bed, either just for comfort or to prevent pressure ulcers from forming.
Some people may find that the use of slippery nightwear or bedding such as satin pyjamas or sheets, combined with pulling on strategically placed grab rails or handles, may help them turn over or be assisted to turn over more easily.
Variable posture beds
These can be used, with or without a pressure relief mattress, to reposition the user so that he/she may not have to be turned. By altering the profile of the bed the position of the user and weight distribution will be changed. This may be sufficient to prevent pressure ulcers from forming.
If the backrest is in a semi-reclined position, the person may be able to pull on a lifting pole and roll onto one side or the other independently to relieve buttock pressure. Alternatively, this could be done by bridging, i.e. by users lifting their bottom off the bed by pushing their feet down onto the mattress with bent knees.
The height of some variable posture beds is also adjustable, either manually or electrically. Carers can raise these beds without needing to stoop and bend when assisting people to turn.
Turning beds
These are mains powered hospital-type beds which will turn the user from side to side. Because of their size, they are not often used in a domestic situation. Most are controlled by the carer from a panel at the end of the bed or by foot controls. Some can be controlled independently by the person in bed, while others have an automated turning facility that carries out a turning cycle, for example every three to five minutes.
Turning units
These can be used on top of a domestic bed and take the form of either a sectioned mattress which has an airbag under each side of the mattress that alternately inflates and deflates, or a turning sheet which moves around two rollers on a frame on either side of the bed. Both styles have the effect of turning the person from side to side. They can be controlled using a handset, or can be set to turn at pre-programmed times automatically.
It is advisable to use these units in conjunction with bed rails (cot sides), as they have no built-in side protection.
Low friction rollers
These are made of a length of material which has either been stitched to form a continuous roller or is folded in a similar way so that the slippery material on the surfaces inside will easily slide against each other.
The roller is placed across the bed and under the user who is lying flat on the bed with the open ends facing the head and feet. Once the roller is positioned some users find they can then turn independently. Alternatively, carers can assist the user by pulling on the top layer of the roller or by pulling on a correctly positioned handling sheet on top of the roller.
Before using a product like this, carers need to know not only how to position themselves correctly but also a safe technique, as bad posture and poor technique during these types of manoeuvre can lead to back pain or injury.
Two main sizes of roller are available: a small version (large cushion size) and a larger version (sleeping bag size). If the smaller, cushion sized roller is used, it is placed under the user's shoulders and bottom. The larger, sleeping bag sized version is placed so that it extends from head to toe. When used for turning, the open ends of the rollers are always towards the head and foot end of the bed.
Some rollers are padded and can, occasionally, be left in position under the person; others are very thin and are nearly always removed after use. If a roller is left in position it is important to ensure the person will not accidentally slip out of bed.
High friction inserts are available to put in a roller to stop slipping. They are taken out when the roller is used again.
Flat sliding sheets
Sometimes two flat sliding sheets are used, one on top of another, instead of a roller. The advantage of this is that carers can use the sheets not only to assist turning but also to move the person up the bed and across it. Sometimes the flat sliding sheets are used in conjunction with a flat board, which bridges any gap to help transfer the person from one lying surface to another.
For people who have difficulty getting out of bed
Moving to the edge of the bed
Some people find it difficult to get to the edge of the bed to swing their legs over the side. In order to move across the bed, a person must lift their bottom clear of the mattress surface. However, most people find their arms are not long enough to do this while in a seated position, particularly if they are well built, or the mattress is soft and allows their hands to sink down into it. A physiotherapist or occupational therapist may advise on a specific technique to use or, alternatively, the following equipment may help.
Variable posture beds
By profiling the bed into a sitting position, and by pulling on a strategically positioned grab rail or lifting pole, people may be able to take some of their body weight in order to raise themselves several centimetres from the bed, helping them to manoeuvre their bottom to the edge of the bed from where it may be easier to stand up.
For further details on variable posture beds, grab rails and lifting poles, see section 'For people who need help to sit up or lie down in bed'.
Hand blocks
If hand blocks are placed on either side of a person, they can, by pushing down on them, raise themselves several centimetres from the bed enabling them to change their position, e.g. move towards the edge of the bed.
Ensure that the blocks have a firm base and the handgrips are comfortable to hold.
Standing up
The major difficulty encountered by some people when getting out of bed is standing up. Raising the height of the bed sometimes helps. It is possible to buy an extra high bed, or some beds have adjustable telescopic legs which enable the bed to be set at a specific height. However, in some cases it may be difficult to find a compromise between the optimum height for the carers who are helping with personal care or nursing activities, and a suitable height for the person so that he/she can sit on the edge of the bed with feet firmly on the floor. Height adjustable equipment may provide a solution. This is essential if one height is needed for getting out of bed and another for getting into it.
Bed leg raisers
Bed leg raisers are placed under the legs to raise the height of the bed. This can make standing easier. However, once raised, the height of the bed is set and the problems mentioned before may sometimes still be encountered. For example, although the raised height helps a person to stand it is too high for them to sit safely on the edge of the bed and/or to lift their legs into bed.
Always ensure the bed is raised symmetrically, i.e. all the legs are raised equally. Raising one end of a domestic bed or not raising all its legs puts strain on the bed and it can collapse. Double beds can have four, six or eight legs.
Always ensure that the appropriate model of raiser is used for the bed leg, e.g. castor, square leg. The following are examples of types that are available:
- cylindrical plastic sleeves - the bed legs stand inside the sleeves. Different depth inserts can be put inside to alter the height of the bed;
- screw-in raisers - these screw in between the bed and the leg or castor;
- replacement raisers - existing bed legs or castors are removed and replaced by raisers. Screw or bayonet fittings are available;
- block raisers - cube shaped raisers with three sizes of circular recess on different sides, allowing for variation in leg size;
- wheeled raisers - fitted with castors to allow the bed to be moved.
Elevating units
These are placed underneath a standard domestic bed to convert it into an adjustable height bed. They have a powered mechanism controlled with a handset. This has either separate push button switches or a rocker switch. Elevating units require more space than the bed, as the scissor mechanism alters the position of the bed slightly as it elevates. Care should be taken that there is no wall-mounted obstruction to prevent the bed from moving vertically or that nothing can get trapped underneath as it is lowered.
Adjustable height beds
Adjustable height beds can be powered manually or electrically. Manually operated beds usually have a hydraulic mechanism that raises and lowers the bed. This movement may feel jerky as the bed rises. The control is often a foot pump at the side of the bed. It cannot be operated by the user.
Some electric beds can be controlled by the occupant. This means he/she can select the most suitable height for getting in and getting out of the bed, sometimes with little or no assistance.
- They are usually controlled with a handset, which may either have two separate switches, or a rocker switch.
Other controls are possible, such as remote control or voice activated.
- Although powered by a motor, most are quiet or almost silent.
- Care should be taken that there is no wall- mounted obstruction to prevent the bed from moving vertically or that nothing can get trapped underneath the bed when it is lowered.
- Many adjustable height beds do not stop automatically if there is an object underneath and there is a risk of entrapment.
- Height adjustable domestic and hospital variable posture beds are available. The domestic beds tend to be smaller with a wooden or padded headboard and are more suitable for the home environment. The hospital versions are usually larger with a metal frame and look more clinical.
For people who cannot safely take weight through their legs or whose ability to move is limited
If a person is unable to take any of their weight through their legs, advice should ALWAYS be sought from a therapist as to the safest method of assisting or moving them out of bed. Most people are not strong enough to lift someone (including many children) from the bed onto a chair/wheelchair/commode. Equipment which will do the lifting instead is available or sometimes the person may be able to slide across.
- There are mobile or overhead hoists and slings designed to lift people. Mobile hoists lift efficiently but are quite difficult to move especially in confined spaces and across carpets. Overhead hoists lift well and have the advantage of making transferring easier. They have an overhead track which the person moves along sitting or lying in a sling.
- Sometimes small handling equipment is used to help people move in bed. Advice should be sought from a therapist on the safest handling technique and the equipment to use.
Equipment such as hand blocks or lifting poles can enable some people to lift part of their own weight whilst the carer is assisting them to move. This reduces the possibility that carers will be subjected to strain and back injury.
- Items which raise the height of the bed, e.g. bed raisers, adjustable height beds, enable a carer to assist a person at a height which reduces the risk of back injury from bending over.
- Adjustable height beds (powered and manually operated) enable different carers to select different heights. Powered beds are easier to operate. Manually operated beds are controlled by a foot pedal or winding handle, which is situated on one or both sides of the bed. If the bed is positioned against the wall, ensure that the pedal or handle is on the accessible side. Both the pumping or winding action is quite hard work for the carer and the bed occupant can have quite a jerky ride.
Wall-fixed/free-standing swinging hoists
Wall-fixed or free-standing hoists have a vertical mast which is either attached to the wall or fitted into a stand. A boom from the mast reaches out over the bed and swings sideways through 90° to enable a transfer from a bed onto a chair or wheelchair. The hoist has a powered lift (mains or battery) but the swinging sideways movement is manually operated. A user must be capable of pushing against the bed or pulling on a grab handle to move sideways independently.
Some of the hoisting mechanisms are portable and can be used on wall-fixed swinging frames in different locations, either for one person or for a number of different people.
Overhead track hoists
An overhead track hoist is sometimes the best solution in a domestic situation. If the layout of the house permits, it is possible to fix a track (straight, jointed or curved) so that the person can move him/herself (or is assisted to move) in a sling from the bed directly to another room in the house.
- An electric traversing system enables the user or carer to control both horizontal and the vertical movements effortlessly. Some users can manage totally independently with the appropriate handset and slings.
- A manual traversing system requires the carer to push the person along the track in the sling.
- Care must be taken because the traversing mechanism may be noisy, especially if it is fitted in a flat where other residents are living above.
- Structural alterations may need to be made such as strengthening the ceiling or adapting the top of the door frame to take the track.
- A wide range of slings is available to meet the needs of the user.
Mobile hoists
A small mobile hoist can be used for many handling tasks in and around the home. With the wide range of slings available, it can cater for many different needs and abilities.
Remember, mobile hoists are designed as lifting and transferring aids not for transporting. If the person needs to be moved from one place to another, an overhead track hoist or specifically designed wheeled equipment should be used, as this reduces the risk of injury to the carer.
If a hoist is to be used around the bed area:
- make sure there is sufficient space under the bed for the chassis and wheels of the hoist;
- if raisers are recommended to raise the bed for hoist access, ensure (if the increased height would make existing transfers more difficult) that they are only fitted when the hoist is available for use;
- is there room to move the hoist away from the bed with the person sitting in the sling? It is preferable to leave enough space to pull the hoist straight back and wheel a wheelchair or sanichair in under the person to avoid the carers having to turn the hoist and risk twisting their backs;
- will the furniture need rearranging to make sufficient space to manoeuvre the hoist?
- can the hoist be pushed easily over the floor covering? Thick pile carpet and thresholds can be difficult;
- if the height of the bed has been raised (e.g. by adding an extra mattress for pressure relief) can the hoist still lift the person so that his/her bottom clears the mattress surface?
- if the person falls, will the hoist reach down far enough to lift him/her from the floor?
- where will the hoist be stored when not in use?
Transfer boards
These are smooth surfaced boards, tapered at either end to assist sideways transfers. They can be used independently or with help to slide in a sitting position from the chair onto a wheelchair. It is easiest if the mattress surface and the seat height are at the same level.
Curved transfer boards are useful when transferring onto chairs with fixed armrests, as they make it possible to transfer around them.
Some boards have additional transfer systems incorporated. One board has a transfer disc which moves within a central slot; another has an integral roller which the person sits on and slides across the board.
Similar transfers can be made using a low friction roller and a rigid, padded bridging device.
Turning discs
These are made up of two circular discs that rotate against one another. They are useful for someone who can semi-stand or who can use a board as a bridge (but finds it difficult to turn, step or adjust his/her feet) to transfer directly from bed to chair. Users place their feet on the disc and, as the transfer is made, the disc swivels.
A handling belt worn by the person can make it easier for a carer to help guide him/her around in a semi-standing position or across the board.
It is difficult to support someone on a turning disc. If support is needed ask for an occupational therapist or physiotherapist to assess the situation. One possible solution is a turning disc with a frame which the person can hold onto.
Many of the solid discs use ball bearings in the swivel mechanism, which may result in fast turning that can be difficult to control. However, this may be useful when a heavier person is moving, as their weight sometimes prohibits discs without ball bearings from turning on one another.
Some discs are made of two flexible fabric discs with a slip-resistant outer surface for standing on, and a slippery inner surface. These can be used to move the feet in the same way as the solid discs, and can also be placed under the bottom of a person to help him/her swivel round. Because they fold up, they are easier to carry around than the solid discs.
Handling belts
Handling belts are usually made from webbing and are adjusted to fit around the waist. They usually have vertical and/or horizontal handholds to provide the carer with a firm and comfortable grip. Handling belts are used to help guide the person whilst he/she is standing up or sliding across a board and to help give the person more confidence. It is unsafe practice to use them as lifting belts - i.e. when a carer pulls on a handling belt to take most or all of a person's weight to help him/her to stand.
For people with continence difficulties
Waterproof bedding
All of the following are available with integral waterproof features - however, methods of waterproofing may be noisy to lie on or may cause excess sweating:
- mattresses and mattress covers;
- duvets;
- duvet covers;
- pillowcases.
Waterproof drawsheets
These narrow drawsheets are laid across the middle of the bed to reduce the risk of soiling the bed clothes. They are long enough to be tucked in on either side of the bed.
Waterproof pads
These pads, which are laid on the top of bedclothes, are designed to absorb urine.
Enuresis alarms
These are designed to help children and adults who wet the bed to develop bladder control. Most consist of a sheet or pad with a stitched-in sensitive electrode, which is placed underneath a draw sheet. The sensor is connected to an alarm unit, which will be triggered as soon as the sensor mat detects even a few drops of urine. Audible and vibrating alarms are available. For further information contact the Bladder & Bowel Foundation, a national organisation which provides information on bladder and bowel continence problems, or ERIC (Education and Resources for Improving Childhood Continence) a national charity which provides advice and information on nocturnal enuresis or bedwetting. ERIC has a telephone helpline as well as a range of bedding protection and enuresis alarms (see Useful Organisations)
For people with back pain
Choosing the right bed so that the spine is properly supported can help to relieve back pain. BackCare and the National Bed Federation produce a range of factsheets on buying a bed, with information on the different types of mattresses that are commonly available.
Bed boards
As a short-term solution, if the person's bed is too soft or sagging, a bed board can be placed under a mattress to make it firmer. However, this will only work if the bed base is soft or sprung, i.e. if the base is already solid it will not make any difference. If a mattress has become too soft to lie on comfortably, it is usually better to buy a new mattress. It is advisable to seek advice from a physiotherapist before using a bed board.
'Orthopaedic' beds and mattresses
Most manufacturers of domestic beds make firm mattresses, which are often called orthopaedic although there is no national standard controlling the criteria.
The user should always try out the mattress before buying it because what is comfortable for one person may be very uncomfortable for another. It is advisable to visit a showroom with a range of beds and mattresses. Do not be afraid to lie on each bed and test it for as long as you can.
Companies who offer to make you an orthopaedic bed designed to suit your particular needs should be approached with caution. It may be a complete success, but remember that, because it is a one-off, you cannot try it out first. Companies have been known to claim, even if the bed is not comfortable, that it has been made specifically for you and that they cannot sell it to someone else.
Remember we spend at least one third of our lives in bed - this is a lot of time to suffer an uncomfortable bed.
For people who need the bed clothes away from their body or legs
Bed cradles
These are designed to support the bedclothes at the foot end of the bed, so that a person can turn over more easily in bed and their legs and feet are protected if the weight of the bedclothes is causing undue pain or pressure. However, their presence may cause cold legs and feet.
Part of the frame runs between the mattress and the bed base so that the frame remains stable.
For people who fall or wander from bed
Bed rails (cotsides), padding and netting
Bed grab handles are designed to aid a person getting in and out of bed and moving around whilst in bed. It is unsafe to use them as bed rails. Bed rails (cotsides) are designed to help prevent a person from rolling out of bed accidentally. It is essential that bed rails are suitable for the person who is using them and compatible with the particular beds being used. Most bed rails for domestic beds have bars which run across and between the bed and the mattress for greater security.
Serious injuries have occurred from the use of bed rails. The prescribing, selecting, fitting and maintenance of bed rails needs considerable care to avoid injury. The Medical Devices Agency (now within the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) - see Useful Organisations) issued a bulletin in July 2001 - Advice on the safe use of bed rails.
The bulletin recommends that alternative methods of bed care/management should be considered first, such as:
- tucked in sheets and blankets;
- variable height beds used in the lowered position (N.B. there are beds with an extra low height as a feature);
- soft cushioning on the floor to break a person's fall;
- alarm systems (person, movement or pressure operated) to alert carers that a person has moved from his/her normal position;
- body positioning devices (these help to position a person with specific clinical needs, e.g. someone who has contractures).
- bed rails should never be used to restrain a person who may attempt to climb over them. They risk falling from a greater height;
- ensure the bed rail is suitable for the size of the occupant. Standard bed rails usually suit someone over the size of an average 12-year-old and are unsuitable for a smaller adult, young child or baby;
- care should be taken that the person does not injure themselves on hard metal frames and that heads or limbs do not become trapped by them. Limbs, for example, can be trapped in large spaces between bars, in the gap between the end of rail and headboard, between the mattress and lowest rail of the device or in the gap as a result of the weight of a patient compressing the mattress. Profiling beds need checking for dangerous gaps in all positions;
- some bed rails are provided with net sides to reduce the risk of impact injury. Some companies supply padding to go over rails. Do not assume the netting or padding will reduce the risk of being trapped. Also, some covers are not air-permeable and may present a risk of suffocation;
- take care if a mattress overlay is used or the mattress is changed. If the bed rail is too low (because of the extra height of the overlay) the occupant can fall over the top; softer surfaces can increase the risk of entrapment between mattress edge and rail; some mattresses are too light to hold the bed rail in place and there is the risk that the rail, mattress and occupant might fall. Check whether manufacturers and suppliers can provide secure fastenings and extra height bed rails.
Standard rails have safety catches on the outside. These can prevent an otherwise independent person from getting out of bed and going to the toilet.
However, a unique model is available which serves as a safety rail, can be used independently and also helps raise the person's legs. An air filled platform first moves through 90° to bring the platform to the horizontal, lifting his/her legs. The user then moves the legs across into bed. The platform can be raised a further 90° to form a barrier to prevent him/her falling out of bed.
Pressing a button on the handset will deflate the platform to allow the user to get out of bed.
One solution considered to prevent accidental falls or to deter wandering is for the person to sleep on a mattress on the floor. It is very difficult to care for a person at this level. The risks from moving and handling and the loss of independence need to be balanced against the perceived benefits.
Movement activated alarms
Movement monitors are available which alert a carer that a person is getting out of bed. They have a pressure sensitive plate, which is placed under the mattress and will set off an alarm when the person gets out of bed.
For people who have to lie flat for long periods of time
Reading stands
Floor-standing bookrests are available for people who are lying flat and are therefore unable to hold a book. The height of a vertical stand adjusts telescopically and a horizontal arm swivels towards and away from the user. The book can be placed face downwards and can be angled to a convenient position for the user. On some models the book has to be removed each time the page needs turning. It may be possible to do this independently, although some people will require help.
Page turners
A powered fully automated device controlled by switches is available which both holds the book in a downwards-facing position and turns the pages.
Recumbent glasses
These enable a person who is lying flat or is unable to bend their neck, to read or watch television. They can be worn over normal glasses.
Mattresses for comfort
For people who display no danger signs such as reddening of the skin, a mattress that provides comfort alone may be all that is needed.
Standard foam mattresses
This may be quite sufficient although it should be checked every four to six months to make sure that the foam has not deteriorated.
Fibre filled mattresses
Silicone fibre mattresses, made from hollow cored siliconised polyester fibre, feel rather like a thick duvet. Flame retardant and washable, they can be used as a comfort mattress or for people at low risk from pressure ulcers. The resilience and softness of the mattresses may vary.
Sheepskins do not relieve pressure but can be helpful when used in conjunction with other pressure relieving support systems because wool fibres are naturally resilient and so help to reduce shear forces. They also help to maintain low humidity and temperature by absorbing water vapour and heat. Sheepskins come in three main forms.
Natural sheepskin
This wool fleece on its own leather backing is the most comfortable and reduces shear forces most efficiently. However, great care must be taken when washing, and the fleece must be regularly brushed so that the fibres do not become matted.
Synthetic sheepskin
These skins are less resilient than the natural sheepskin and therefore do not reduce shear forces as efficiently. Also, they do not absorb heat and moisture so readily. However, they can be washed more easily and effectively.
Natural fleece on a fabric backing
Because it has been removed from its natural backing, the pile on this sheepskin tends to be shorter than on a natural sheepskin and is therefore slightly less resilient. However, this type of skin is easier to wash, although it still needs regular brushing to prevent matting.
For people who wish to eat or want to carry out leisure activities, such as reading in bed
Trays with a bean filled base
The beanbag on the underside of the tray moulds to the shape of the lap to provide a more stable surface than a traditional tray. The trays are available with raised edges, recesses for plates and cups and slip-resistant tray mats. They come in a choice of designs and some have detachable beanbag bases for washing.
Trays with supports
These are high-rimmed trays with two legs and a slip-resistant tray mat. They are designed to be stabilised by the legs, the width of which can be adjusted to fit snugly on either side of the person's thighs. The legs fold flat when not in use.
Cantilever tables
These are much smaller than bed tables, and are less sturdy. The cantilever tabletop is supported on one side only so that the table can be positioned close to the bed. Those without castors have a shallower base and may fit under a bed with only limited space underneath, although they are more difficult to manoeuvre into position. Some have the option of a tilting top for supporting a book, newspaper, or writing paper at an angle.
Bed tables
These are like hospital bed tables. They span the width of the bed with the legs resting on the floor on either side. They all have a tubular metal frame supporting a tabletop.
Book stands
A wide range of book stands are available. Most are designed to hold books, although a few are large enough for magazines and newspapers. Some are floor standing and their height and angle can be adjusted; others are designed to rest on a table.
Page turners
These are useful for people who are unable to turn the pages of a book. Two types of turner are available - a simple stick with a rubber tip used in the hands or mouth, or a powered fully automated device controlled by switches which both holds the book and turns the pages.
Storage pouches
These can be draped across the bed and provide storage pockets in which to keep bits and pieces, such as books, knitting, TV controls.
Clamping equipment
This provides a method of securing items such as mirrors and cups in a convenient position.
Useful organisations
Monkey Puzzle House
69-71 Windmill Road
Surrey TW16 7DT
Tel: 020 8977 5474
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.backcare.org.uk
7 The Court
Holywell Business Park
Northfield Road
Warwickshire CV47 0FS
Tel: 01926 357220
Helpline: 0845 345 0165
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.bladderandbowelfoundation.org
36 Old School House
Britannia Road
Bristol BS15 8DB
Tel: 0845 370 8008
Helpline: 0845 370 8008
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.eric.org.uk
151 Buckingham Palace Road
London, SW1W 9SZ
Tel: 020 3080 6000
Fax: 0203 118 9803
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.gov.uk/guidance/contact-mhra
High Corn Mill
Chapel Hill
North Yorkshire BD23 1NL
Tel: 01756 799950
Fax: 01756 798789
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.bedfed.org.uk
Disabled Living
Burrows House
10 Priestley Road
Wardley Industrial Estate
Manchester M28 2LY
Tel: 0161 607 8219
Fax: 0161 607 8201
Email: email@example.com
Website: www.disabledliving.co.uk/PromoCon
D9 Chaucer Business Park
Kent TN15 6YU
Tel: 01732 760209
Fax: 01732 760204
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: www.remap.org.uk
If you would like further advice regarding daily living equipment related to choosing equipment for everyday living you could try relevant sections of AskSARA. AskSARA is our free online guided advice tool. AskSARA will ask you questions about yourself and your environment and then offer relevant advice, product suggestions and supplier details.
August 2016, to be reviewed by August 2019
All rights reserved. No reproduction or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. Inclusion (including any sponsorship) does not indicate endorsement or that any item has been recommended or tested. All information is provided without legal responsibility.
Disabled Living Foundation, Tel: 020 7289 6111, Fax: 020 7266 2922, Helpline: 0300 999 0004 10.00am-4.00pm, Email: email@example.com, Website: www.dlf.org.uk Reg. Charity No: 290069, VAT Reg. No: 226 9253 54
Your personal information is required in order to claim Gift Aid. This information is kept by DLF/Shaw Trust for financial audit purposes. For more information on our privacy policy visit: https://www.dlf.org.uk/content/privacy-policy


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Smart: Grand Opening of Facility in India
Smart Machineries and Moulds Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India, opened its new plastics extrusion Blow molding manufacturing facility in Western India. The new facility in Vasai, Thane district the outskirts of Mumbai, India will manufacture all sizes of extrusion blow molding machine which includes single and double station machines.
Initially, the annual capacity is projected to be approximately 24 to 36 machines. Smart has already planned to double their sales measure in the current year. The new facility is strategically located near Smart customer's manufacturing facilities in Western India, and near the coast line of the Arabian Sea, which will facilitate the shipment of machines for faster delivery.
Would you like to subscribe to our Newsletters on plastics technology and profit from the latest information?
Looking for a new challenge? Check out our jobs market!
Patents encourage innovation: Stay on the ball with the latest innovations in the plastics industry in our patents section.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Beat poet Allen Ginsberg, pictured above in 1973, first published "Howl" in 1956. Getty Images hide caption toggle caption Getty Images Review You Must Read This 'Ginsberg To Ginsberg': Two Generations 'Howl' November 24, 2010 Debra Ginsberg isn't related to Allen, but the famous poet once told her she could say he was her uncle. As a high-schooler, Debra found "Howl" exciting, beautiful and frightening. Now, years later, she has seen minds of her own generation "destroyed by madness."


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Citizen Watch Company
$206.25 $275.00
For a rugged look with a comfortable fit, this military-inspired watch fits the bill. A 1-second chrono that measures up to 60 minutes, this features 12/24 hour time, 39mm screw-back case and 100M WR. A black dial provides a backdrop for bold Arabic numerals, luminous hands & date, in a stainless steel case with green strap & patterned stitching.
Citizen AT0200-05E Watch Details:
- Stainless steel case.
- Olive green canvas strap.
- Black Dial with silver tone luminous hands and white markers.
- Precise Eco-Drive movement - powered by any light source.
- 150-day power reserve with full charge.
- Low charge indicator
- Date display.
- One-second chronograph measures up to 60 minutes.
- 24 hour time sub dial.
- Scratch resistant mineral crystal.
- Time reset advisory
- Water resistant to 100m.
- Case measures 40mm wide by 10mm thick.


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How to Hire an Artist: Tips for Hiring an Outstanding Illustrator for your Next Project:
Finding the right illustrator can be a challenge. Whether you decide to use Bob Ostrom Studio or someone else it pays to know what you're looking for. If you've never had the opportunity to hire a professional before here are a few tips that will help you find the best possible artist for your project.
Know What you are looking for.
Every artist has his or her own style. Many artists are versatile but no artist works in every style. Look for the artist who specializes in the type of art you are looking for. There are many artists and styles to choose from so be patient and make sure you leave yourself enough time to find the right one for your job.
Try starting with a simple Google search. Check out a few artists websites. Notice that no two are alike. Some are very professional with a highly focused direction, while others may choose to show a broader spectrum. Regardless as you begin to move away from the top ranking sites you may also begin to see a drop in quality. Being a professional artist is an extremely competitive field. Artists work hard to make sure they are seen. There is a reason those sites are at the top of the search.
Some artists work with representatives and some are independent. Generally the better the quality the higher the price you will pay whether you are dealing with an art rep or an independent. Remember though that with higher quality artists you are not only paying for a more appealing image you are also paying for experience, but more on that later.
Determining a Style
Before you contact an illustrator take a few minutes to determine what you are looking for.
Who is your target audience and what is your demographic?
Determining who your potential audience is and what appeals to them is a great first step for helping you chose the proper illustrator. Here are a few tips to help narrow things down:
Describe your customer.
- Are they male, female or both?
- How old are they?
- What kind of things do they like or pay attention to,
- What kind of things do their peers like or pay attention to?
- Where can you find them?
- How do they find you?
- What is their income bracket?
Crating a detailed profile on your potential customer will help give you a better idea where to begin. Once you've determined who your market is take a look around. See what else is out there.
What is your competition doing?
This your chance to really stand out and get noticed. Instead of putting something out there that looks like everyone else consider trying something a little different that'll get you noticed. Finding the right artist will help.
Shop around
Visit an artist's website. Look at their style and level of presentation. You can tell a lot about an artist by the way he or she presents their work. Take a look around and see what type art they are displaying. How long have they been an artist? How successful are they? Do they have recommendations, a recognizable client list, have they received any awards.
Experience is the name of the game.
Most artist's would love to illustrate a picture book but that doesn't mean you should hire them. Do a little homework first to make sure you are choosing the right artist. Can they draw or create the style you are looking for consistently? Does their portfolio contain the right art for your demographic or is it scattered and lacking direction? Has your artist been published, if so where? Try searching their name on Google, LinkedIn or Amazon to find out more about them and their level of expertise.
Hiring the wrong artist for the wrong job can be time consuming and expensive. Your project is no place for on the job training so be sure to hire someone with the highest level of expertise you can afford. Always check out who your artist has worked for and examples of jobs they have done. A good artist will be proud to display their work and answer any questions you might have about past experience.
You get what you pay for.
Why do some artists charge so much more than others? Without a doubt experience is worth paying for. The art you display will directly affect the perception of your company or business. This is no time for bargain shopping, always hire the best artist you can afford. It is better to spend a little more and get the best quality possible rather than trying to save a few dollars and ending up with something you can't use.
Successful artists are not just good at making pretty pictures they also know their market and understand production. They know the difference between file formats and what will work best for your project. They can talk to your printer and help give you exactly what you need saving you time, money and aggravation.
If you're not sure about the difference between vector or bitmap art and which one you need ask your artist. He should be able to explain in simple terms explaining the pros and cons of each. Do you need a jpeg, tiff or png? RGB or CMYK format? An experienced artist will know which one to use for your particular project and why. Even if your artist works in traditional media the art will still need to be scanned and translated into a digital format at some point. If your artist doesn't understand these simple requirements you might want to shop for some one else who does. The proper format is crucial and could mean the difference between your project looking great and becoming a costly disaster.
Questions your artist may ask
Here are a few questions your artist might ask. Feel free to copy this section so you are prepared when you speak with your artist. It's best to be descriptive and include as much information up front as possible. The clearer you are with your artist the better chance you have of getting back exactly what you're looking for.
Always start by describing your project in detail.
The more information you can provide the more accurate your illustrator can be. Don't be afraid to include your illustrator in your creative process or as a part of your creative team as well. A good experienced illustrator will often be able to help you with creative suggestions or finding great new approaches to your project you may not have even considered.
Here are a few questions (in no particular order) you will want to think about before you begin.
- What is the artwork being used for?
- Who is your target audience?
- What is your goal?
- What style you are looking for?
- Are there certain color preferences or other considerations?
- Production
- How many illustrations will you need?
- What is the size(s) and or format?
- Where will you be using the art?
- What is your deadline ?
- What is your budget?
- Who is your printer do they have a person you can talk to if you need help?
- Contact information
- Who is the main person in charge of the project ?
- What is the best way to reach that person or people?
- Email?
- Phone
- Other
What is the artwork being used for?
Different uses mean different file requirements. Knowing who your audience is and where your piece will be used makes a big difference in style and approach. What might work well for one audience might not work well for another. Do you have a goal?
A piece of art that needs to be many different sizes will require a different solution then one that will be printed at a specific size. The demands for the web are completely different from print. Knowing the different places your art will be used will help me determine the best format(s).
How many illustrations will you need?
What is your budget?
Most illustrators charge by the project not on an hourly basis. One size does not fit all. Many artists will charge you different rates for different types of usage. They may charge less for limited usage then they will for a total buyout because once the copyright is sold the artist no longer has the potential to make money from that image. Determine which usage works best for you and be sure to negotiate the rights with your artist up front at the beginning of each project so there no surprises later on.
I prefer to charge by the project and am happy to give you a quote before we begin. If you have a limited budget that's okay chances are we can find a creative solution to fit your needs.
Can I talk to your Printer/ web designer?
Why on earth would an illustrator want to talk to a printer. Simple, every printer has certain requirements when it comes to artwork depending on what type of equipment he is using. He can tell the artist what type of file will work best for his machinery. Similarly a web designer may also have certain requirements for artwork and file format.
I've worked with many printers over the years and I speak their language. If you have any questions about the process just let me know and I will be happy to explain.
What are your deadlines?
It is very important to spell out your needs and plan a schedule at the beginning of the project. Most artists work in stages and will submit artwork to you within a certain time frame. A typical schedule will start with sketches and proceed from there. It is important to be realistic about your needs. Be sure to provide you provide enough time for the best job possible. Some artists may ask for an additional rush fee if your project's deadlines are unrealistic. Different artists work at different rates, if you're uncertain how long it takes just ask.
I am very efficient with my deadlines but too little time will probably mean having to make a few compromises. Art takes time. Always think ahead and make sure to leave plenty of time for your project. Leaving extra time will assure you always receive the best quality.
How would you like the art delivered?
An experienced artist will make arrangements for delivery at the beginning of each project. Digital artwork is great because it is so easy to work with. Some programs can produce rather large file sizes though. If you have an FTP site or another preferred method of delivery let your artist know. If you don't chances are your artist will have a quick efficient way to deliver files that are too large for email. Most artists have experience in this area and have worked out a delivery method that should be easy to use and eliminate headaches.
Make sure to resolve this issue as early as possible so you don't run into any problems on your due date. I have several methods of deliver I use based on costumer preference.
Who or how many people are involved in the decision making process?
The more people involved in the approval process, the higher the potential for miscommunication. Pick a leader or point person for your project and be sure to have all direction go through that one project leader. If it absolutely must be a committee decision make sure everyone involved in the decision making process signs off on direction before you involve the artist.
Conference calls are fine as long as it doesn't waste everyone's time. Be clear and decisive and do not leave big decisions unresolved. Ambiguous direction will be costly.
If you do not have a contract or written agreement, ask the artist to provide one for you. Do not hire an artist without something in writing. Be sure to spell out all the details of your project including delivery schedule, usage, copyrights, payment schedule and any other important information that might effect the outcome of your project.
You may also want to include a kill fee in your contract spelling out what happens if the project is cancelled for any reason before completion. This will protect both you and the artist by allowing you to understand ahead of time what happens if for any reason the project needs to be terminated.
Most artists or representatives will be happy to provide an agreement if you need one.
Enjoy the process
Working with an illustrator should be a fun and rewarding experience. Hiring the right illustrator will not only make you look great but will add great value and marketability to your project. If you have not worked with an illustrator in the past or need a little help organizing your project please feel free to contact me. Whether you plan to hire me for your next project or someone else I am always happy to answer any questions you might have about how to improve your project, hiring an artist or other any other art related questions.
For more information on hiring Bob Ostrom Studio for your project please contact my rep or visit my contact page.


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Following on from my rant about bicycle helmets and my son's school being totally ineffectual at supporting a helmet policy, comes news of an accident outside his school today beside the police station.
Details are sketchy but the grapevine is buzzing. I'm sure all will be known tommorrow. My thoughts are with the child, their parents and the driver. All must be feeling pain of some sort.
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Of the many types of bacterial diseases, one that we find most commonly is BV or bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial balance in the vagina changes when one has this ailment. The answers to how do you get bacterial vaginosis is given here. This is not categorized under sexually transmitted diseases but once you get it, normally STD will soon follow.[toc]
Why you will have increased chances for getting this ailment
One can see this manifest in women who smoke a lot and are either sexually active or inactive. Factors that increase chances are given below. If one indulges in activities that alter the chemical balance of the skin or have too much sex with too many people, then risks multiply.
• Increase in sexual activity will contribute to increased chances of BV
• Use of douche will increase the possibility to get BV.
• Use deodorant in vagina
• Use IUDs
• Use of soaps, shampoos or bubble baths
Treatment for BV
Thinking about how do you get bacterial vaginosis Is useless. Use concrete steps to make sure there is no harm. Short course of antibiotic tablets will usually see you home. Sometimes, the doctor may prescribe gel for applying inside the vagina.
Symptoms of BV
Most commonly occurring sign that you have BV is the odor of fish from the vagina. In addition, you may have discharge that:
- Turns watery and thin
- Has grey or whitish color
- Burning feeling while urinating
- Itching in the vagina
Symptoms are not an absolute necessity. Only 50% of the women will have them. Abnormal discharge during pregnancy is good cause to consult your physician.
Side effect due to BV
In the normal course, you will not be troubled by this disease. But rarely, one may see the following:
a) More chances of contracting HIV
b) Miscarriages in pregnant women
c) Hysterectomy, abortion or caesarean section will lead to this ailment
Avoiding the risk of BV
- Avoid sexual contact
- Reduce number of sexual collaborators
- Doing a pelvic examination
- If you have vaginal discharge, take a sample and conduct a lab test.
As said, more sex collaborators will mean more chances for getting the disease. People with good hygiene who do not indulge in excessive use of shampoos or soaps then you will be safe. Also avoid using a douche to clean the vagina since this alters pH value.
Treatment for this ailment
Usual treatment will be an antibiotic course. The medication usually prescribed is either metronidazole or clindamycin. You can take treatment right till third trimester in the case of pregnant women. Some women use probiotics though the efficacy of this treatment is not verified. There are chances for the medicines to interfere with the pregnancy. Probiotics is the use of natural bacteria to remain healthy. Since the bacteria outnumber body cells by about 10 times we should try to use this as an aid.
Ignoring the disease
If you fail to get treatment for this disease, there are many complications as given below.
1. Premature delivery for pregnant women
2. Increased possibility that you will get sexually transmitted diseases
3. Likely to spread disease to partner
People getting grayish outflow or fishy odor after sexual intercourse, must take action. Go to nearest clinic to begin antibiotic course immediately. For sexually active persons, there are more chances for getting other sexually transmitted diseases if you already have bacterial vaginosis.
Bacterial vaginosis disappears without any intervention. One has to go through the entire course of medication even after the symptoms disappear. Antibiotic is commonly used to treat this ailment. However, even after the cure, this may reappear.


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ICRA Venues and Archive
ICRA 2023 London, United Kingdom
29 May-2 June
General Chair: Kaspar Althoefer
Program Chair: Seth Hutchinson
ICRA 2022 Philadelphia (PA), USA
20-26 May
General Chairs: Vijay Kumar and George J. Pappas
Program Chair: Hadas Kress Gazit
ICRA 2021 Xi'an, China (Website) Hybrid Event
30 May- 5 June
General Chair: Max Q.-H. Meng
Program Chair: Yu Sun
ICRA 2020 Paris, France (Website) Virtual Event
17-21 May 31 May- 31 August
General Chair: Stéphane Régnier
Program Chair: Wolfram Burgard
ICRA 2019 Montreal, Canada (Website, Proceedings)
20-24 May
General Chair: Greg Dudek
Program Chair: Jaydev Desai
ICRA 2018 Brisbane, Australia (Website, YouTube, Proceedings)
21-26 May
General Chair: Alex Zelinsky
Program Chair: Peter Corke
ICRA 2017 Singapore (Website, Proceedings)
29 May - 2 June
General Chair: I-Ming Chen
Program Chair: Yoshihiko Nakamura
ICRA 2016 Stockholm, Sweden (Website, Proceedings)
16-21 May
General Chair: Danica Kragic
Program Chairs: Antonio Bicchi, Alessandro De Luca
ICRA 2015 Seattle (WA), USA (Website, Proceedings)
26-30 May
General Chair: Lynne Parker
Program Chair: Nancy Amato
ICRA 2014 Hong Kong, China (Website, Proceedings)
31 May - 5 June
General Chair: Ning Xi
Program Chair: Bill Hamel
ICRA 2013 Karlsruhe, Germany (Website, Proceedings)
6-10 May
General Chair: Rüdiger Dillmann
Program Chair: Markus Vincze
ICRA 2012 Minneapolis (MN), USA (Website, Proceedings)
14-18 May
General Chair: Nikos Papanikolopoulos
Program Chair: Paul Oh
ICRA 2011 Shanghai, China (Proceedings)
9-13 May
General Chair: Zexiang Li
Program Chair: Yuan Fang Zheng
ICRA 2010 Anchorage (AK), USA (Proceedings)
3-8 May
General Chair: Wesley Snyder
Program Chair: Vijay Kumar
ICRA 2009 Kobe, Japan (Website, Proceedings)
12-17 May
General Chair: Kazuhiro Kosuge
Program Chair: Katsushi Ikeuchi
ICRA 2008 Pasadena (CA), USA (Website, Proceedings)
19-23 May
General Chairs: Maja Mataric, Paul Schenker
Program Chairs: Stefan Schaal, Gaurav S Sukhatme
ICRA 2007 Rome, Italy (Website, Proceedings)
10-14 April
General Chairs: Paolo Dario, Alessandro De Luca
Program Chair: Bruno Siciliano
ICRA 2006 Orlando (FL), USA (Proceedings)
15-19 May
General Chairs: Normal Caplan, C.S. George Lee
ICRA 2005 Barcelona, Spain (Proceedings)
18-22 April
General Chair: Alícia Casals
Program Chair: Rüdiger Dillmann
ICRA 2004 New Orleans (LA), USA (Proceedings)
26 April - 1 May
General Chairs: T.J. Tarn, Toshio Fukuda
Program Chair: Kimon Valavanis
ICRA 2003 Taipei, China (Proceedings)
14-19 September (Delayed from May due to concerns about SARS epidemic)
General Chair: Ren C. Luo
Program Chair: Li-Chen Fu
ICRA 2002 Washington (DC), USA (Proceedings)
11-15 May
General Chair: William Hamel
Program Chair: Anthony A. Maciejewski
ICRA 2001 Seoul, Korea (Proceedings)
21-26 May
General Chair: Wook Hyun Kwon
Program Chair: Beom Hee Lee
ICRA 2000 San Francisco (CA), USA (Proceedings)
24-28 April
General Chair: Brian S. Carlisle
Program Chair: Oussama Khatib
ICRA 1999 Detroit (MI), USA (Proceedings)
10-15 May
General Chair: Hadi Akeel
ICRA 1998 Leuven, Belgium (Proceedings)
16-21 May
General Chair: Georges Giralt
ICRA 1997 Albuquerque (NM), USA (Proceedings)
20-25 April
General Chair: Ray Harrigan
ICRA 1996 Minneapolis (MN), USA (Proceedings)
22-28 April
General Chair: Norman Caplan
ICRA 1995 Nagoya, Japan (Proceedings)
21-27 May
General Chair: Toshio Fukuda
ICRA 1994 San Diego (CA), USA (Proceedings)
8-13 May
General Chair: William Gruver
ICRA 1993 Atlanta (GA), USA (Proceedings)
2-6 May
Ceneral Chair: Wayne Book
ICRA 1992 Nice, France (Proceedings)
12-14 May
General Chair: Giuseppe Menga
ICRA 1991 Sacramento (CA), USA (Proceedings)
9-11 April
General Chair: T.C. (Steve) Hsia
ICRA 1990 Cincinnati (OH), USA (Proceedings)
13-18 May
General Chair: Richard A. Volz
ICRA 1989 Scottsdale (AZ), USA (Proceedings)
14-19 May
General Chair: George Bekey
Program Chair: John Hollerbach
ICRA 1988 Philadelphia (PA), USA (Proceedings)
24-29 April
General Chair: T. Pavlidis
ICRA 1987 Raleigh (NC), USA (Proceedings)
31 March - 3 April
General Chair: Y.C. 'Larry' Ho
ICRA 1986 San Francisco (CA), USA (Proceedings)
7-10 April
General Chair: Antal (Tony) Bejczy
ICRA 1985 St Louis (MO), USA (Website, Proceedings)
25-28 March
General Chair: K.S. Fu
Program Chair: T. Lozano-Perez
1984: ICRA Atlanta (GA), USA (Proceedings)
13-15 March
General Chair: John Jarvis
Sponsored by Computer Society Technical Com. on Robotics
Easy Links
RAS is a volunteer driven society with over 13,000 members worldwide.
Students are future of robotics and automation.
IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering
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text:
A new NPR poll finds that a majority of white Americans believe they face discrimination in America today...
"If you apply for a job, they seem to give the blacks the first crack at it," said 68-year-old Tim Hershman of Akron, Ohio, "and, basically, you know, if you want any help from the government, if you're white, you don't get it. If you're black, you get it."
As NPR reports, more than half of whites - 55 percent - surveyed say that, generally speaking, they believe there is discrimination against white people in America today.
Hershman's view is similar to what was heard on the campaign trail at Trump rally after Trump rally. Donald Trump catered to white grievance during the 2016 presidential campaign and has done so as president as well.
50-year-old heavy equipment operator Tim Musick, who lives in Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C. says anti-white discrimination is real, but he doesn't think he has ever really felt it personally.
"I think that you pretty much, because you're white, you're automatically thrown into that group as being a bigot and a racist and that somehow you perceive yourself as being more superior to everybody else, which is ridiculous," Musick said, speaking during his lunch break at a construction site.
"I'm just a man that happens to have been born white," Musick continued.
Notably, people from every racial or ethnic group surveyed said they believe theirs faces discrimination - from African-Americans and Latinos to Native Americans and Asian-Americans, as well as whites.


text:
Adventures With Aspergers Cartoon: "Autism Feud" by Iranian American Cartoonist and Artist Kaveh Adel
There are many different ways to look at a problem. The "Autism" problem.
Just as there are many different ways to come up with a solution.
Yet, there are times when each group has a strong belief in one's own solution–to the point of being on the opposite side of a fence. Much like a big family with each member having a strong view. Hence, the feud.
Ultimately, the solution may be a combination of all of those different solutions. And if a family is cohesive all of the differences are set aside and the commonalities are embraced, until the puzzle is solved……. or at least better understood, for now!
Maybe looking at this as a whole rather than focusing on each component is a better way.
The idea for this cartoon came from a friend of mine who is writing an article about the subject.
See "Autism Feud" on Facebook.
Kaveh Adel, the Human.
Kaveh Adel, Iranian American Artist and Cartoonist.


text:
The major reimagining of this palatial home's deck employed AZEK materials in a variety of striking, creative ways to take the homeowner's outdoor living to a whole new level.
The new deck provides a gentle step down from the back doors, and extends to the right on a diagonal to provide a generous space for entertaining and relaxing, as well as a fine view of the property. Turning left from the back door leads you to either a small alcove or down a two-stage stair that eventually discharges to a large paver-covered patio and the new swimming pool beyond.
The homeowners used TimberTech AZEK decking boards for the surface of the deck, as well as for the complementary wall cladding that encloses the entire structure, to create a finished, cohesive design.
The TimberTech Impression Rail beautifully emulates the look of cast iron, a period-appropriate choice for a home of this vintage. Discreet riser lights on alternate stairs provide just enough illumination to heighten safety and create a sense of ease as the homeowners move from one level to another.
Lush ornamental grasses, a chorus line of green shrubs, and a Hydrangea on standard bring three levels of visual interest to the landscape that skirts the length of the deck, and sews it into the fabric of the landscape.
All in all, the home's new TimberTech AZEK deck offers a minimum of six different living areas spread out over three levels, offering a little something for everyone.
The Project Contractor
Aspen Outdoor Design
11010 E 156th St
(317) 774-0156
Bring the Beauty of TimberTech to Your Backyard
Work with one of our registered contractors for a build that transforms your outdoor living space.


text:
We are always look-ing out for enthusias-tic employees who can strenghten our team.
Are you a flexible teamplayer and at least 17 years old? Then please fill out the form below and we will contact you as quickly as possible. Only com-plete filled in forms with accompanying photograph will be considered.
Encore by Simonis is located at a unique spot in The Hague. Come on over to the newest hotspot of The Hague.
Dr. Lelykade 5
2583 CL Scheveningen
Dr. Lelykade 5
2583 CL Scheveningen


text:
Back in Madison! Swing by The Last Square on the West side Monday nights for Warmahordes action!
After taking a new job an hour plus commute in the opposite direction of most of the local gaming groups, my play time has dwindled significantly. I'm working on getting back into the swing of things with starting up a new WM/H night at Kryptonite Kollectables in Janesville, WI. Wednesday nights.
Khador is my old love, but I've started picking up a solid Legion army to deal with these fansy-pants Circle folks
The Explamental
großen Bart


text:
during JCI World Congress
Dear conference attendee! Our lunches take place in different places so that you can collect special magical thoughts and tastes. Lunch is from 12:30 to 2:30 p.m. It may happen that lunch places are full because locals also visiting the places, in that case choose the next nearest place to eat. Wonderful tasting experiences!


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PORTLAND — The School Board was expected to approve hiring Xavier Botana as the city's next superintendent of schools on Tuesday.
The board was also slated to discuss a proposed $70 million bond for major renovations at four elementary schools.
The School Board conducted a national search for the superintendent position, which became available when former superintendent Emmanuel Caulk resigned to take over as school chief in Lexington, Kentucky. Following that search, conducted with BWP & Associates in which over 40 people applied, six semi-finalists were named. Botana and Teresa Lance of Colorado Springs were the two finalists.
Botana was not scheduled to be at the meeting, as he had a prior commitment in his district.
Botana, 53, has been an associate superintendent for Michigan City Area Schools in Indiana since 2010. He will start working in Portland July 1. Botana visited the district May 2 and spoke at a community forum at Casco Bay High School. According to a press release from Portland Public Schools, at the forum, Botana cited his family's experience immigrating to the United States from Cuba as his motivation to work in education.
"Based on Mr. Botana's experience, credentials, and the transformative work he has accomplished in a district similar to our own, we believe there is much he can bring to our school system that can make it even better," School Board Chairwoman Marnie Morrione said in the press release.
According to the release, Botana is interested in coming to Portland because he wanted to "make a difference and change the lives of thousands of
In addition to being the associate superintendent of Michigan City Area Schools, which serves more than 5,600 students, Botana has been the chief academic officer for Portland Public Schools in Oregon; chief officer of instructional design and assessment for Chicago Public Schools; an assistant principal and department chairman at Morton High School in Cicero, Illinois; and was a bilingual teacher for the Cicero Public Schools and the Palatine Public Schools in Illinois.
Botana began his career in education as a teacher of English as a Second Language before taking leadership positions.
Botana does have ties to Maine, as he and his family come to Sunday River in the winter, and he is involved in a ski program for youth with disabilities.
"We are most fortunate to have found such a leader who meets and exceeds our
needs," Morrione said in the release.
Buildings for Our Future
The board was also scheduled to hold a workshop and public forum on a possible $70 million bond calling for major renovations at Longfellow, Lyseth, Reiche and Presumpscott elementary schools.
Renovations at these schools, as well as the Fred P. Hall Elementary School, were part of a study titled Buildings For Our Future, which looked at various renovation needs at the five elementary schools. The study was done by Oak Point Associates.
In April, voters overwhelmingly supported replacing Hall at a cost of $29.7 million, with all but $1.4 million coming from the state. However, Hall is the only BFOF school to be slated for replacement.
The BFOF study said renovations to the remaining schools would cost $70 million. Hall received state funding because it was placed on the Department of Education's Major Capital Construction Approved Projects List. The other schools are much farther down on the list, so state aid is less likely. There has been discussion about getting a bond question on the upcoming November ballot, led by a citizen group called Protect Our Neighborhood Schools.
In a press release from the district, Stephanie Hatzenbuehler, chairwoman of the board's Operations Committee, said operations and the finance committee have been working to identify the "most responsible and efficient way to move forward with these important and necessary projects."
"It is our top priority to make sure that the children in our city have buildings that are reflective of our community's commitment to provide the best education possible for our students," she said.
The board is expected to take a preliminary vote on recommendations to the City Council on June 7, with a final vote expected June 21.
Colin Ellis can be reached at 781-3661 ext. 123 or [email protected]. Follow him on Twitter: @colinoellis.
Xavier Botana
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Obituary: Robert Chase Brackett
Obituary: Raymond Francis Manning
Obituary: Laurence Edwin Smart
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Obituary: James Foden Hanson Sr.


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Newton Massage Associates
Fran Newton: Licensed Massage Therapist.
With a fine arts background, I was in sales and sales management in the telecommunications industry for many years. Changing from high to low tech I studied physical therapy for several years and decided I could better serve clients with massage therapy. Graduated from Bancroft School of Massage Therapy in Worcester, MA in 1998 and have been practicing full time since. Volunteered at the Boston Marathon for 12 years, the Jimmy Fund Cancer Fund Marathon Walk (captained the massage team), the Pan Mass Challenge, and other both athletic and non-athletic events. My clients include professional, amateur and "weekend warrior" athletes, as well as the "couch potatoes". I am a personal trainer at a local YMCA, and previously served on a board of directors of a large behavioral health agency.
|1 Hour
|1 1/2 Hour
|Woonsocket, Rhode Island YMCA
18 Federal Street Woonsocket, RI 02895
|Bellingham, Massachusetts
Saddleback Hill Road Bellingham, Ma 02019
*Woonsocket YMCA Members receve a 25% discount


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Esophageal Varices
The esophagus is a tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach. Esophageal varices are abnormally swollen veins. They are found in the lining of the esophagus. If they're not found or are left untreated, rupture and cause life threatening bleeding.
|The Esophagus
|Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
When pressure builds in the veins that bring blood to the liver, it's called portal hypertension. The pressure causes blood to backup into other smaller blood vessels. This includes those found in the esophagus. This leads to varices.
The main causes of these conditions are:
- Cirrhosis of the liver
- Blood clots of the splenic, portal, or hepatic veins
- Abnormal connections between the arteries and veins in the liver or spleen
- Certain infections
- Severe heart failure
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Sarcoidosis
You may not notice problems until bleeding starts. Bleeding may not be serious and stop on its own. Signs of bleeding:
- Vomiting or coughing up blood—may look like coffee grounds
- Red, tarry, or very dark stools
- Lightheadedness from low blood pressure
- Rapid heartbeat
If you notice bleeding, seek care right away. Even bleeding the first time can result in death for some people.
The goal is to prevent varices from bleeding. This can be done with:
Medicines will lower blood pressure or cholesterol. These will help lower the risk of bleeding or slow any bleeding that is happening.
Endoscopic Band Ligation
Varices can be tied off during an endoscopic band ligation . A rubber band is used to prevent ruptures or stop bleeding.
Balloon Tamponade
A balloon is passed through the nose to the varices. It's used to compress the ones that are bleeding.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunting (TIPS)
TIPS involves threading a small tube from the neck to the liver. The tube helps to place a stent. A stent will help blood flow through the portal vein better by holding it open. This will ease pressure in the esophageal veins. It can control bleeding in most cases.
Distal Splenorenal Shunt (DSRS)
DSRS connects the main vein in the spleen to the vein in the left kidney. It lowers blood pressure in the swollen vessels and limits bleeding.
Liver Transplant
A liver transplant is the only way to completely cure esophageal varices.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
Copyright © EBSCO Information Services
All rights reserved.
American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy https://www.asge.org
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases https://www.niddk.nih.gov
Canadian Association of Gastroenterology https://www.cag-acg.org
Canadian Liver Foundation https://www.liver.ca
Berry PA, Wendon JA. The management of severe alcoholic liver disease and variceal bleeding in the intensive care unit. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006;12(2):171-177.
Bhasin DK, Siyad I. Variceal bleeding and portal hypertension: new lights on old horizon. Endoscopy. 2004;36(2):120-129.
D'Amico G. The role of vasoactive drugs in the treatment of oesophageal varices. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004;5(2):349-360.
Esophageal varices. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T113964/Esophageal-varices . Updated November 12, 2014. Accessed August 14, 2018.
Esophageal varices—prevention of rebleeding. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T483095/Esophageal-variceal-hemorrhage-prevention-of-rebleeding . Updated May 25, 2017. Accessed August 14, 2018.
Esophageal varices—primary prophylaxis. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T113964/Esophageal-varices . Updated May 25, 2017. Accessed August 14, 2018.
Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varicies and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(9):2086-2102.
Kamath PS. Esophageal variceal bleeding: primary prophylaxis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3(1):90-93.
Lubel JS, Angus PW. Modern management of portal hypertension. Intern Med J. 2005;35(1):45-49.
Villanueva C, Piqueras M, Aracil C, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing ligation and sclerotherapy as emergency endoscopic treatment added to somatostatin in acute variceal bleeding. J Hepatol. 2006;45(4):560-567.


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In Kyiv some of the big trading malls provide ice skating areas for those who love this kind of sport and fun. "Bilshovyk" mall located close to Shuliavska metro station is one of them.
This Ice rink is equipped with a variety of musical and lighting equipment in order to turn skating into real fun. Columns are chipped with soft material that makes it even more safe and convenient for those who make the first steps on skating rink. In addition, next to the columns anyone can just relax a bit. The amateurs can use the instructor's services.
There are well-equipped and spacy ice rinks in Dream Town (Minska metro), Karavan (Petrivka metro) and Terminal (Brovary town).
This winter you can also enjoy skating at Sky Family Park close to Sky Mall open air rink (Petrivka metro) with amazing views on the Dnipro River banks. Special magic area for adults and kids with castle, snow maze, slopes and many attractions will be located over there from December 19th to February 28th.
In winter time in Kiev there are a lot of open air rinks for ice skating almost in every district of the city. In Kyiv downtown you can visit any of the rinks at Maidan Nezalezhnosti square, Mykhailivska square and Arena City center at Bessarabska square.
But if you want more space and really amazing Christmas and New Year illuminations and attractions, go to VDNKh exhibition. "Winter Country" with the biggest ice rink of 4000 square meters will appear over there starting from December 10th. The guests can visit Christmas Fair, residence of Santa Claus and big area for kids' fun. For UAH 100 anyone can skate with no time limit from 10 a.m. to 11 p.m.; entrance fee is UAH 50.
Olimpiysky Gorodok (Olimpiysky town) which appears every year in December at Troyitska square close to the Stadium offers one more opportunity to skate in Kyiv downtown. There are Christmas Fairs and big skating rink over there. Every morning from 9 till 10 a.m. anyone can visit the skating classes here. In the evening this place gets the special Christmas atmosphere with twinkling lights, crowds of people and the flavor of hot mulled wine.
Platforma Village at Platforma Art Zavod is traditional spot for a winter weekend and ice skating in Kyiv. There are free of charge lessons for kids but you have to sign up in advance. This ice rink is open from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. every day. Entrance fee for adults is UAH 60. There are traditional Christmas Fairs on the territory of Platforma Art Zavod for those who want just to relax and drink something hot.
There are a lot of places to enjoy ice skating and have really unforgettable winter holidays in Kyiv!
Photos: shutterstock.com
Places for Ice Skating in Kyiv
Today ice skating is possible all the year round thanks to covered rinks with artificial frost. But we like to enjoy this kind of outdoor activities especially in winter with Christmas atmosphere around.
In Kyiv some of the big trading malls provide ice skating areas for those who love this kind of sport and fun. "Bilshovyk" mall located close to Shuliavska metro station is one of them.


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Drug maker Novartis reported a better-than-expected rise in first-quarter profit, thanks to strong vaccine sales, while quarterly sales at Nestle also beat expectations.
The Swiss drug maker said first-quarter net profit rose 10 percent to $2.31 billion, with the bottom line also boosted by the weaker dollar.
Novartis, which is digesting a $39 billion deal to buy eye-care company Alcon, on Monday confirmed its full-year forecast for group sales to grow at a mid single-digit percentage rate and drug sales at a low single-digit rate.
Europe's second-largest drugmaker by market value faces the same problems as many of its peers, with earnings growth expected to slow due to the loss of exclusivity on some of its drugs, pricing pressures and more complicated paths to market.
But it benefited from dollar weakness in the first quarter as well as a strong performance from its vaccines unit, where sales rose 21 percent to $280 million. Group sales beat forecasts with a 9 percent rise to $9.91 billion.
Nestle Sales Rise
Nestle sales grew 6 percent to 25.7 billion Swiss francs ($25.30 billion) in the first quarter, as increases in volume and prices helped overcome a drag from the weak dollar.
Organic growth, which strips out currency effects and acquisitions, rose 9.8 percent, beating expectations, while "real internal growth," which primarily measures volume, rose 4.5 percent, Nestle said on Monday in a statement.
The world's largest food company confirmed its growth outlook for 2008, saying it expected organic growth near the same level as 2007 and that it would improve its operating margins.
Analysts had expected sales to rise 5.2 percent to 25.5 billion francs as Nestle uses its brand-name pricing power to pass on higher costs for inputs like flour and cocoa to its wholesale buyers.
Schneider Confirms, Kuehne & Nagel Unsure
French engineering group Schneider reported a 10.7 percent rise in first-quarter sales on Monday and reaffirmed its 2008 financial targets.
Sales rose to 4.311 billion euros ($6.82 billion), with turnover boosted by recent acquisitions.
The company confirmed its 2008 target for organic sales growth of between 6 and 8 percent and for an EBITA (earnings before interest, tax and amortization) margin of 15 percent.
Schneider makes electrical equipment for the construction industry, factories, hospitals and airports.
Meanwhile, Swiss logistics company Kuehne & Nagel posted a forecast-beating 18.5 percent rise in first-quarter net earnings on Monday, but said it was difficult to assess how the economic slowdown would hit the group.
Net earnings rose to 154 million Swiss francs ($151.6 million), ahead of the average estimate of 149 million francs in a Reuters poll of 10 analysts.
And French car maker Renault reported a 4.2 percent rise in first-quarter sales to 10.203 billion euros ($16.18 billion), and maintained its financial targets for the full year 2008.
- Reuters contributed to this report.