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What's on at Moonraking 2019?
No event found!
Become a Moonraking SponsorFor over 30 years Slaithwaite Moonraking Festival has been lighting up the Colne Valley and bringing a glow to the village of Slaithwaite.
We need to raise over £20,000 each year in order to run the Moonraking Festival. Some of this comes from grant funding, but this is in decline, so we need to identify new sources of support in order to secure the future of the Festival.
As a registered charity receiving limited public funding, we face the challenge of meeting our running costs while maintaining and developing our contribution to the community. By supporting Moonraking you can help to secure the future of this important community festival.


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Episodes 13
WPC Gwen Cooper is at the scene of a brutal murder, when the "special ops," known only as Torchwood, arrive. After witnessing the group bring the dead man back to life, Gwen goes in pursuit of this mysterious organisation, only to see weirder things than she could ever imagine existed. Soon after, she begins to regret giving in to her curiosity, when she meets Captain Jack Harkness.Read More
Day One
It's Gwen's first day on the job, and it's not going very well. After accidentally releasing a mysterious gas from a comet that landed, a new type of alien is let loose on the streets - an alien that's addicted to sex. Torchwood must find the inhabited body, and prevent anymore deaths from the violent form of sex.Read More
Whilst chasing a man, Gwen retrieves an unusual machine that allows the user to see back into the past. It is considered dangerous, and no members of Torchwood are permitted to use it. But Owen has other plans, and witnesses a violent murder that took place over forty years ago. Using the information he gathered, Owen starts to track down the still-living murderer.Read More
Crew 8
Directed by: Colin Teague
Written by: Helen Raynor
Guest Stars 10 Full Cast & Crew
Tom Flanagan
Ed Morgan
Lizzie Lewis
Young Ed Morgan
Young Tom Flanagan
Bernie's Mum
Snooker Player
Kid In Arcade
Episode Images 2 View All Episode Images
A Ianto themed episode
Ianto Jones hides a very big secret at Torchwood - his half-converted girlfriend from the Canary Wharf Battle - down in the basement. He is quick to hire a Japanese doctor who believes he can "cure" her. But things soon go wrong, and the Cyberwoman's destructive powers are released to the whole of Torchwood. Upgrading is compulsary.Read More
Jack catches up with a very old friend of his, who is investigating fairy sightings in the local wood. After having visited her, Torchwood are informed of a man's mysterious death in a prison cell. Then, Tosh uncovers a series of localised, extreme weather patterns. Nobody at the organisation is sure of these events, or how they may be connected. Except Jack, who has witnessed the creatures causing this, almost a century ago.Read More
Whilst investigating a group of unexplainable deaths in a village, the Torchwood team are separated. Discovering further, Jack, Gwen and Owen find a scared man, hiding from the thing responsible for the murders. But Tosh and Ianto go that one step extra, and locate the killer, who wants them as their next victims.Read More
A Toshiko themed episode
Tosh meets an unusual woman, Mary, at a bar, who gives her a strange pendant. She is upset, yet amazed by what she now has - the ability to read people's minds. However, Tosh finds this terrible curse, that contains her friends darkest secrets, must be broken. So she asks for help from Mary, the only person who knows, but first, Tosh has to get her into Torchwood.Read More
A Suzie themed episode
Using the Resurrection Gauntlet that former Torchwood member Suzie Costello originally had, the team are able to bring a number of murder victims back to life. However, these all have a link with the now-deceased Suzie, and the group have no choice but to bring her back. After the process goes wrong, and permanently keeps her alive, Suzie manipulates the naïve Gwen into taking her to see her father.Read More
Eugene Jones wakes up, finding himself lying on the middle of a road. He then discovers that he has been the victim of a hit-and-run incident, and is, now, not only dead, but invisible. Eugene recalls events leading up to his death, involving a mysterious alien eye. Simultaneously, Gwen investigates the suspicious circumstances around his fatality.Read More
Out of Time
Three passengers from 1953 arrive in modern day Cardiff, when their plane flies through the Rift. With no means of travelling back, each person must adapt to their new life, starting personal relationships with the separate members of Torchwood.Read More
A Jack themed episode
Whilst investigating an old, derelict dance hall, Jack and Tosh are transported back to the 1940s, during the Blitz. Owen, Ianto, and Gwen realise, in modern day, that this has happened, and go in search of clues Tosh may have left. Meanwhile, back in the forties, Jack meets a very interesting man. One with the name Captain Jack Harkness...Read More
End of Days
With the Rift having been opened, people and objects throughout time are falling through it, and being spread across the world. "The thing in the darkness" has finally come, and Jack realises that he is the only one who can save planet Earth from the destruction that "the son of the Beast" will cause.Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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Inhale Apparel, founded by 19 year-old powerhouse entrepreneur Corey Lupton, announces the launch of their Winter 14 line. Soon to be in stores nationwide the new line holds true to the distinctive brand's alternative street look.
Auckland, New Zealand -- (ReleaseWire) -- 03/21/2014 --Described as a "fashionable street brand with distinct, unique, boutique clothing designed with an alternative look" Inhale Apparel announces the launch of its new Winter 14 line. Soon to be in New Zealand stores nationwide the line introduces seasonal fabrics and womenswear into the collection along with pants and a variety of beanies. The Winter 14 collection will also bring Inhale Apparel fans the five panel and six panel caps the company is most widely recognized for in the industry. By incorporating custom fabrics and styles the young company's following has already began sending its approval.
Corey Lupton, founder and director of Inhale Apparel said, "Yes, our new designs are pretty spectacular. Between that and the fact that I'm a 19 year-old guy who, despite setbacks, has gotten this 100% New Zealand made brand in stores nationwide gets us quite a bit of attention. Our following on Facebook is staggering and growing by about 100 fans a day." Having enjoyed the success of getting his brand in four stores before his 19th birthday Lupton, with dedication to his roots, is committed to his community. He adds, "Our long term goal is to provide a service location that fashion startups can use to make samples and get their foot in the door. Currently resources in New Zealand for brands and designers are extremely limited."
Operating out of two locations, one in Motueka and one in Auckland, the Inhale Apparel staff is now in negotiations to broaden the brand's reach to Europe, Australia and the USA. Enjoying the great reception they've received Inhale Apparel has been invited to attend this year's New Zealand Fashion Week. Lauded as New Zealand's biggest fashion event the brand will show their Winter 14 line.
About Inhale Apparel
Inhale Apparel was founded in August of 2013 by then 18 year-old Corey Lupton after being declined from Auckland University for the completion his Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Computer Science degrees. Lupton has a background in business and experience as an entrepreneur via freelance and startup projects. The brand is dedicated to creating affordable, unique apparel that caters to the fashion-forward street culture in New Zealand. Inhale Apparel is now in the process of broadening its reach to a global brand.
For more information visit http://www.inhaleapparel.co.nz. To have a look at the new Winter 14 Inhale Apparel Look Book click on www.inhaleapparel.co.nz/winter-2014-look-book/.
Corey Lupton
(09) 555 3041
Social Media:


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Defining the bio-energetic limits of Symbiodinium sp's host-symbiont relationship under future climate scenarios
- Publication Type:
- Thesis
- Issue Date:
- 2013
Open Access
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This item is open access.
Hard corals are a living association of a cnidarian and microalgae of the genus Symbiodinium. This symbiosis is critical for corals to survive in oligotrophic tropical waters. The algal symbionts reside within the host cells receiving photosynthetic substrate in form of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and in turn transfer photosynthate to their coral host. The photosynthetic performance of the algal symbionts is directly dependent on the DIC substrate delivery, which in turn can have implications on the photosynthate translocation to their coral hosts. Under thermal and or high light stress, the algal symbiont's photosynthetic substrate can become limited, so that the photosynthetic rate slows down and excess light energy, not utilised for photosynthesis, is dissipated to avoid photodamage. Upon prolonged exposure under these stress conditions, the symbiotic association can dissociate and result in coral bleaching. It was of interest to understand ongoing processes governing the dissociation of a coral symbiosis, focussing on cultured algal symbionts as well as when associated with a coral host. The photosynthetic apparatus of Symbiodinium has different pathways for dissipating excess energy to alleviate the impact of high light stress. Here a novel non-photochemical quenching mechanism was described through the application of picosecond chlorophyll fluorescence measurements on Symbiodinium clade C cells suggesting a heterogeneously organized photosystem II (PSII) pool. A model was developed, revealing the re-organization of the alga's photosynthetic apparatus under normal and photoprotective modes, during thermal and high light stress. We propose a new "super-quenching" mechanism, triggered when quenching at the peripheral antennas is insufficient to protect PSII from photodamage. PSII then transfers its excited state energy to PSI, transforming a non-spillover PSII pool into a spillover pool. The inherently higher stability of PSI and high quenching efficiency of P₇₀₀⁺ allows dumping excess energy to heat, and resulting in an almost complete cessation of photosynthetic electron transport. A similar breakdown of Symbiodinium's photosynthesis could occur when living in hospite associated with corals and this could provide a trigger for coral bleaching. Symbiodinium is equipped with light-harvesting and reaction centre components in the thylakoid membrane including a water-soluble peridinin-chlorophyll (chl) a-protein complex (PCP), and a membrane-bound chl a-chl c₂–peridinin- protein complex (acpPC), along with typical photosynthetic electron transport systems such as the PSII reaction centre and the chl a-P₇₀₀ reaction centre complex of PSI. Recent findings suggest that structural changes to PSII associated light harvesting pigment-protein antenna complexes (LHC), membrane intrinsic acpPC and peripherally associated PCP, in Symbiodinium are a mean of photoprotection, in addition to xanthophyll cycling. How LHC movement and xanthophyll cycling possibly complement each other under thermal and high light conditions, corresponding to coral bleaching conditions (the expulsion of algal symbionts from the coral host) has been addressed in this thesis. Here it could be revealed that thermal stress is the main precursor for movement of light harvesting complexes in order to shunt excess energy away from PSII. The findings presented here demonstrate the substantial non-photochemical quenching capacity of cultured Symbiodinium. Coral bleaching resilience has been found to be species-specific, with differential impairment of Symbiodinium's photobiology. Whilst much is known about the importance of considering Symbiodinium clades and resulting differential photophysiological characteristics affecting the overall coral physiology, the influence of the host upon autotrophic/photophysiological performance of their symbionts is largely unstudied. With the application of an inhibitor preventing the de novo synthesis of the PSII core protein D1, coral species were incubated in natural high light stress conditions for 4 days. Gross photoinhibitory conditions of Symbiodinium clade C1 were examined when harboured in two distinct coral host organisms. Algal symbionts harboured in Pavona decussata, a bleaching resilient coral species displayed lower photodamage, compared to algal symbionts harboured in Pocillopora damicornis, a bleaching sensitive coral species, which was found to exhibit different photoprotective strategies. Despite differences in photodamage and resulting photorepair requirements (re-synthesis of D1 and incorporation in the PSII to create a functional reaction centre), both species displayed constant maximum quantum yields throughout exposure to high light conditions. Results clearly suggest that the photophysiological viability of Symbiodinium can be influenced depending on the harbouring coral host species. In order to understand intricate physiological processes occurring in a coral holobiont and to further assess interdependencies of a Symbiodinium-coral host symbiosis, a closed metabolic chamber system (photobioreactor; PBR) was developed for the simultaneous assessment of three key integrated parameters of aquatic oxygenic phototrophs; chlorophyll fluorometry, oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) exchange. The performance of the PBR was evaluated for in hospite Symbiodinium associated with the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis. The 'two-phase' PBR utilised circulation of a gas-phase through a liquid-phase (seawater) along with continuous stirring to reach equilibrium and allowed for determination of CO₂ as an indirect measure of changes in DIC concentration within the liquid-phase. Simultaneous measures of photosynthetic efficiency (using pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry) and metabolic gas exchange (using state-of-the art dissolved oxygen sensor technology and an infra-red gas analyser for CO₂ detection) were performed. The developed instrumental setup can be used to examine any aquatic phototroph, where the preliminary results presented, show the great capacity of this application. Further, the novel PBR and additional O₂ microsensors were used to examine the photophysiology and metabolic gas exchange of the symbiont subclade (C1) harboured in two morphologically different coral species; Pocillopora damicornis and Pavona decussata. Here light respiratory dynamics were described through the application of O₂ microsensors under photosynthesis – irradiance (P – E) curve measurements. Comparable light respiratory dynamics but differing gross primary production, as well as light utilisation were found between the two species examined. P. decussata, displayed a much lower CO₂ light compensation point at only half the photon flux density compared to P. damicornis, indicating differing DIC supply to its algal symbionts. It was therefore concluded that P. damicornis has a comparable respiratory activity per symbiont to P. decussata, but as P. damicornis harbours less than half the symbionts per unit area compared to P. decussata, the holobiont exhibits a higher CO₂ compensation point (CO₂Ec) irradiance. Dissipative energy pathways also differed during photosynthesis-irradiance (P – E) curve measurements, where P. decussata displayed an increase of non-light induced energy quenching (Y(NO)) and P. damicornis increased active energy quenching (Y(NPQ)). O₂ microsensor derived light respiration rates were demonstrated for the first time from P – E curve measurements for coral holobionts. This is a significant contribution to the field as respiration increased with irradiance ~ 20 times compared to steady-state dark respiration for both species. Light respiration rate results demonstrated here clearly highlight that enhanced post-illumination rates, which have commonly been used to infer about light respiratory activity, are not reflecting the much greater actual light respiratory activity. In concert, this thesis has revealed that Symbiodinium is equipped with a broad capacity of non-photochemical quenching pathways, where the species-specific pairing of Symbiodinium and its coral host can mediate photoprotective capacity. The importance of sufficient DIC as photosynthetic substrate available to the algal symbionts has been identified as a possible key role governing bleaching resilience in hard coral species.
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Workers Seek Review of Nitel/Mtel Privatisation in Nigeria
Telecommunication workers under the aegis of National Association of Telecommunications Employees (NATE) and the Senior Staff Association of Communications, Transport and Corporations (SSACTAC) have called on the Minister of Information and Communication, Professor Dora Akunyili, to conduct fresh investigation into the process leading to the privatisation of the Nigerian Telecommunication Limited (NITEL) and its sister company, Nigeria Mobile Telecommunication (Mtel).
The employees in separate letters to the minister requested for an urgent and lasting solution to the lingering crisis in both companies.
Particularly, the Unions urged the new minister to use her good office to revisit records of the privatisation exercise of the companies between 2001 before the privatisation exercise to date to determine if it was properly executed.
According to the Union, the companies were first handed over to Pentascope between 2003 and 2005 and then the Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) took over between 2005 and 2006 before it was acquired by Transnational Corporation (Transcorp) from 2006 to date.
The aggrieved workers also called for investigation of the details of the liquidation of non-core assets of both companies by the Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) through Messrs. Adekanola & Co.'s letter dated 22nd December 2008 and titled "Welcome to the beat" signed by NATE National President, Charles Amankwe,and NATE Assistant National Secretary, Yisa Jacob, noted that Prof. Akunyili's posting to the information sector brought about a renewed hope that the lingering problem in the sector might be solved after all.
This Day


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VMTurbo Survey Finds 49% of Active Users Have More Than 25% of Production Environment Deployed in OpenStack
VMTurbo, the only demand-driven control platform for the software-defined data center, today announced additional results of a survey on OpenStack with over 1,200 respondents, providing insight into industry interest in and adoption of the open-source cloud computing software. VMTurbo's survey results reveal increasing interest in investigating and deploying OpenStack as a private cloud infrastructure, despite perceived challenges of implementation.
"As we saw at the OpenStack Summit, OpenStack is alive and well, particularly among a growing Enterprise consumer base. It has evolved exponentially as an ecosystem and a community over the past five years," said Eric Wright. "Our survey results validate industry sentiment that OpenStack momentum is accelerating. The idea that it's not ready or too far in the future has been proven to no longer be the case. OpenStack is becoming pervasive in what enterprises do because of the flexibility, agility and speed it enables, and the business problems that an OpenStack cloud infrastructure can solve."
Survey Findings:
Read the entire article here, VMTurbo Survey Finds 49% of Active Users Have More Than 25% of Production Environment Deployed in OpenStack


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- Air conditioning
- Transfer service
- Accessible
- Gym
Choose your room
The Harbourview offers well-appointed and smoke-free rooms a 5-minute walk from Wan Chai MTR Station. It is only a 2-minute wak from Hong Kong Convention Center. Overlooking Victoria Harbor, it features an on-site restaurant and WiFi access in the entire hotel. The hotel is a 45-minute drive from Hong Kong International Airport. Pacific Place and Central District's shopping area are just 10 minutes away on foot. Featuring large windows, rooms at Harbourview Hong Kong are equipped with flat-screen cable/satellite TVs and a fridge. Directly-connected bathrooms come with either shower or bathtub facilities. Guests can arrange day trips at the tour desk and workout at the fitness center. A business center and laundry services are available for added convenience. Harbor Restaurant serves splendid buffets in a comfortable setting next to the harbor. It serves international dishes. Evening cocktails and free WiFi are available at Mezz Floor.
Reviews: Hotel The Harbourview
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Founded in Rome in 1945, today Brioni is renowned as a prestigious menswear outfitter for ready-to-wear pieces, luxury leather accessories, footwear, eyewear and fragrances. Here we look into the history of Brioni and discover how it became one of the world's most recognised fashion houses for sharp, expertly crafted and bespoke Italian tailoring
Founded in 1945 in Rome by master tailor Nazareno Fonticoli and his business partner Gaetano Savini, the house of Brioni was quickly established as the sartorial go-to for VIP clients seeking a suit.
The innovative and creative stamp of Italian luxury remains embedded in Brioni's DNA and continues to drive the brand though its successes today, from bespoke tailoring and handmade shoes to luxury leather accessories for the modern gentleman.
Via Barberini 79 – the home of timeless Italian fashion
Located in the heart of the Eternal City, the first Brioni atelier opened on luxurious Via Barberini, offering bespoke pieces alongside handmade shoes, luxury accessories and a selection of exclusive materials. Synonymous with status, impeccable taste and sartorial style, Brioni quickly became the atelier of choice for the gentleman looking for a prestigious, high-performing and expertly crafted classic suit. Top clients included heads of state and famous Hollywood icons.
1952 – the pioneering Brioni fashion show
In the Sala Bianca at Palazzo Pitti in Florence, Brioni took to the catwalk to showcase the Italian version of master tailoring, to compete with the traditional English style that had dominated bespoke tailoring for many years.
Brioni's innovative first fashion show featured fluidly tailored, innovative suits in sophisticated fabrics and statement colours, establishing the brand as an elegant tailor for the modern gentleman partial to refined Roman detailing.
1959 – Brioni expands
Striding ahead as a growing audience of men sought out its sartorial finery, Brioni expanded the business, opening a new atelier in the long-established tailoring town of Penne, Abruzzo, and developing a new line of production as client numbers increased. Producing larger numbers of tailored pieces, the new atelier housed more than 100 skilled tailors, each with a different specialism at each stage of the process. Expert techniques and manufacturing processes, all rigorously controlled, still ensure that each suit leaves the atelier handcrafted to perfection, with a distinctive and superior cut and fit, using the highest-quality materials.
The art of bespoke Roman tailoring
Today Brioni stands as one of the world's most elite bespoke tailors for its unique excellence of skill and craftsmanship, deployed at a client's request. Clients can select from a choice of cuts, shapes, buttons, lining fabric, and shirt collar and cuff designs, from the brand's catalogue of bespoke finishing. Handcrafted in Italy from more than 800 exclusive fabrics, each bespoke suit reflects the sartorial excellence and Italian DNA of a traditional Brioni suit.


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To paraphrase the economist Thomas Sowell, some ideas are so stupid only a government agency would adopt them.
Speaking of which, this latest scandal at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) couldn't have come at a worse time. In an attempt to instruct government workers about how to deal effectively with disgruntled veterans unsatisfied with their health care plans, a series of informational slides meant for instruction portrayed said veterans as... this guy. For obvious reasons, it didn't go so well.
The Philadelphia Inquirer reports:
The beleaguered Department of Veterans Affairs depicted dissatisfied veterans as Oscar the Grouch in a recent internal training guide, and some vets and VA staffers said Tuesday that they feel trashed. The cranky Sesame Street character who lives in a garbage can was used in reference to veterans who will attend town-hall events Wednesday in Philadelphia.
"There is no time or place to make light of the current crisis that the VA is in," said Joe Davis, a national spokesman for the VFW. "And especially to insult the VA's primary customer." The 18-page slide show on how to help veterans with their claims, presented to VA employees Friday and obtained by The Inquirer, also says veterans might be demanding and unrealistic and tells VA staffers to apologize for the "perception" of the agency.
Meanwhile, the VA's statement on the controversy itself was somewhat mystifying:
"The training provided was not intended to equate veterans with this character," spokeswoman Marisa Prugsawan said. "It was intended to remind our employees to conduct themselves as courteously and professionally as possible when dealing with veterans and their concerns."
She said the guide appeared to be an old internal document from which employees at the Philadelphia office pulled information ahead of Friday's training. Prugsawan said she was unsure if the original slide show comparing veterans to Oscar had been created locally or by the national VA office and sent to regional centers.
And yet, the department saw fit to portray veterans as a cantankerous Sesame Street character. That doesn't strike me as very "courteous."
For what it's worth, Concerned Veterans for America spokesman Pete Hegseth vented his frustration to my colleague Ed Morrissey earlier this week about the controversy. He provided some much-needed insight into this wholly preventable -- and ridiculous -- episode:
I reached out to Pete Hegseth of Concerned Veterans for America, who said that this exposes "the dirty little secret about how many VA officials feel about veterans." They see veterans as the problem, not the clients. "If veterans were seen as customers, they wouldn't be seen as Oscar the Grouch," Pete said. "This feeds the fears about how veterans believe they are perceived at the VA." He assured me that CV4A will not let this slide, either.
They shouldn't -- and neither should we.


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Brrr. Spring is still a ways off. I don't know what the weather has been like in your corner of the world, but it's been snowy and rainy for far too long in New York. Sure, these types of days are perfect for cuddling under a blanket with a loved one or a good book ... but eventually cabin fever sets in—a person eventually runs out of reading material and good wine; the cats' antics are amusing for only so long; and subsisting on pantry staples gets old really quickly. (When you get down to spam, you might be in serious trouble.) Sure, it might be a good chance to get some work done, but as Jack Torrence discovered, all work and no play can make you a dull person. So gather quickly around the hearth and let's stave off cabin fever together with a visit to the Anthro Blog Carnival. [Jack Torrence, The Shining (1980). © Warner Brothers.]
A common theme in many cabin fever movies is paranoia. Let me be the first to assure you that the walls are not actually closing in on you. But if the sensation persists, close your eyes and pretend that you're a sentinel in the tronera at El Morro, a military fort of great importance in Puerto Rican history. Personally, I'm not too big of a fan of tight places, but Bonn of Time Travelling has given me good reason to climb into the tronera, which is essentially a vertical hole carved into the fort's walls. (And you thought being trapped at home was difficult!) While investigating this space, Bonn found some interesting etchings that will transport to you to the time of conquistadores and pirates (fittingly, given the name of his blog)—which may be just what you need to hold the doldrums at bay.
Another common element is hallucinations—both visual and auditory. Are you hearing the word "REDRUM" whispered as you pace the floor? If that's indeed the case, you may want to wander over to Afarensis where you'll find that sometimes blood thirsty reputations are more color than substance: New evidence suggests that the Carthaginians weren't quite as into sacrifices as once believed. With the understanding that careful analysis often reveals hidden truths, I encourage you to banish the whispering, cajoling voice by reading Relics Fail where Julien from A Very Remote Period Indeed discusses belief and relics, with a fabulous case involving St. Bridget to illustrate his point. Both of these posts emphasize the way science can be utilized to dispel false or misguided beliefs.
[The Shining, © Warner Bros.]
Now that we've gotten your phantoms under control, it's important to find some sort of distraction. What's that over in the corner? A book you've missed? Surely you've read everything on your shelves—twice—in an effort to keep cabin fever at bay. What's the title? Vampire Forensics? Well, grab it and hustle back on over to the hearth. Give it a shot. You might find it entertaining, though Martin's Aardvarchaeology review notes you shouldn't expect too much. (Then again, desperate times call for digging deep in the reading barrel.)
If you're fortunate to still have power, be social! Lately, my entries at Anthropology in Practice have focused on questions of digital sociality and digital personas. The newest entry into the social networking/social media milieu is Google Buzz, which I think has immense potential despite its poor reception. After you're done checking Facebook (New Photo Album: Trapped in House, Day 4! "Like"?) and updating Twitter (Stuck in house. SO #bored. When will snow/rain stop???), come on by and discuss the social aspect of social networking. While you've got the digital connection working, Colleen of Middle Savagery asks that you use another Google app—Google Wave—to let her know if you're currently involved in single context archaeology projects.
Whew. I think we made it. The fire is dying down, and from what I can see the rain has melted most of the snow. Time to make a break for it! Until the next Carnival, cheers!
(FYI: The hosting slot for Four Stone Hearth is March 10, and it's currently open! Drop Martin a line if you're interested in hosting duties. As he often says, no need to be a pro.)


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Uniroyal Announces Addition to the Tiger Paw Line
"The AS65 gives value consumers exactly what they've been asking for in a tire - dependability, performance and long wear," said Kaz Holley, Uniroyal Tire Brand Director. "Between the center rib and the block placement, this is the most aggressive tire we've added to the Tiger Paw line. Our customers are sure to notice how well it handles in any road condition."
The new tire features Uniroyal's signature DuraShield(r) technology, which includes two heavy-duty polyester carcass plies to absorb impact and carry heavy loads, pyramidal belt construction with natural rubber encasing steel belts for greater durability as well as longer tread life. Also, heavy gauge liners provide added endurance, and insulating belt edge strips reduce heat at the belt edges.
The Tiger Paw AS65 also features an elongated sipe pattern that gives the tire extra grip on the road and manages heat buildup within the tire. The tread design, which includes a solid center rib and circumferential as well as lateral flow-through grooves, ensures even treadwear and affords the driver continuous water storage and evacuation for enhanced wet traction. This tire ensures reliable performance in all weather conditions along with a smooth, quiet ride.
The AS65 has a T speed rating. The tire will be released on June 1, and interested dealers should contact their account representative for further purchasing details.


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Why Buy With Santiago?
If you're ready to start looking for a new home in Annapolis, MD, you'll benefit from working with a trustworthy real estate listing agent. Santiago Navarro-Monzo knows the market and can help you find a deal that fits your budget and taste.
Santiago has always been a master of negotiation. This has served him extremely well while negotiating deals as a Realtor. He has a proven track record of protecting his clients' interests while purchasing and selling homes for them. Santiago makes himself available to his clients seven days per week and is always reachable by phone or email to answer questions whenever his clients need him. Santiago is DEDICATED. That's what you need in a Realtor.
Call Santiago Navarro-Monzo to speak with a real estate listing agent today. He'll give you his full attention and be thorough with the details on every aspect of your home purchase. He offers his services to Anne Arundel County and the surrounding areas, and he provides excellent customer service to everyone with whom he works.
First Time Buyers
One of Santiago's specialties is working with first time buyers. Santiago's exclusive "no pressure" method of explaining the complete home buying process always puts his clients at ease. Santiago's client review page give just a few examples of his satisfied clients.
Search for Homes For Sale
Search the MLS for active listings.


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#4 2015-06-28 11:42
complete and utter tripe. you can get some weapons that help but the game is set so you lose after the second battle and any health potions you get give 3 HP back.... it could at least heal you fully.
as it stands there is no rpg element in this piece of crap. it is more like a book adventure but without most of the pages. this has some very crap ideas about gaming.


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If you're not a fan of raspberry jam, try substituting your favorite preserves in this Raspberry-Chocolate Bar dessert recipe.
How to Make It
Preheat oven to 375°.
Lightly spoon flour into a dry measuring cup; level with a knife. Combine flour, oats, baking soda, and salt in a small bowl, stirring well with a whisk. Set aside.
Combine sugar and butter in a medium bowl, and beat with a mixer at medium speed until smooth. Add the flour mixture to butter mixture, and stir until well blended (mixture will be crumbly.) Remove 3/4 cup of dough; toss with chocolate chips. Set aside. Press the remaining dough into an 8-inch square baking pan, and spread evenly with jam. Sprinkle with chocolate chip mixture.
Bake at 375° 30 minutes or until golden brown. Cool completely on a wire rack.


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and Sales


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Boat rentals are finally becoming more popular because of the Internet. If you think about it, it can be pretty easy to rent a car. You can rent a car at any time and almost anywhere. On the other hand, if you want to rent a boat, most people would not know how and where to start. With tons of boats of every size, shape, and power available, it has never been easier to rent at Boat Rentals of America.
Below are a few points of why you should rent a boat for your activities rather than buy one:
- Boats Can Be Expensive
Upfront costs of owning a boat can generally be quite pricey depending on the type of boat you want. If you want to purchase a ski, wake, or surf boats, it might end up costing you around $100,000. If you want a boat you can stay on to cruise, sleep, or eat, you can estimate around $20,000. Instead of purchasing a boat, you can rent one and you will only wind up paying for the time you use it which is way cheaper.
- There are Several Boats You Can Enjoy
The good thing about renting a boat is that there are several types used for different reasons. If you wish to spend the day fishing, you can rent a fishing boat. If you want to go wakeboarding, you can rent a wakeboard boat. If you want a weekend getaway on a yacht with the wind running through your hair, you can rent a sail boat. There are many ways you can enjoy boating and owning one might give limitations when there are several kinds to enjoy from.
- Boats Go Unappreciated
Some people lose their interest in having a boat. It is wonderful to own, but just like cars, after sometime, they lose their novelty. The more you use your boat, the less value you put into it. Unlike if you decide to rent a boat, you do not have to worry about its long-term value. Instead, you can just enjoy the short-term fun.
- Boats Are Not Always Used
If you own a boat, it is possible that after awhile it goes idle. It does not go onto being used as much as you wish, therefore it just takes up space, money for maintenance, and less enjoyment. On the other hand, if you rent a boat you only pay for the amount of hours you will use it.
Owning a boat definitely has its benefits and if someone has the money for it, they probably would not have it any other way. Renting a boat also has its advantages for both owners and renters because they can use any type of boat at anytime and without the cost ownership entails. You can contact any of our locations at Boat Rentals of America and they will gladly help you find what you are looking for.


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UNC-Greeley is a short 10 minute drive from our Marriott hotel.Learn more
Entertain the whole family at Island Grove Regional Park or Union Colony Civic Center events.Learn more
Experience local shopping at the nearby Greeley Mall.Learn more
0.8 km from hotel
5401 W 20th St
11.3 km NW from hotel
88.5 km W from hotel
Union Colony Civic Center
701 10th Ave
12.9 km N from hotel
14th Avenue and A Street
6.4 km N from hotel
5290 Arena Circle
32.2 km W from hotel
5.8 km N from hotel
4.5 km from hotel
Hours: Sun: 08:00 AM - 06:00 PM, Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri: 04:30 AM - 10:30 PM, Sat: 08:00 AM - 09:00 PM
Discover the beauty of old style golf. This traditional gold course was opened in 1959 and designed by Frank Hummel. Haunting beauty, spectacular views and unsurpassed service await you at this 18-hole championship golf course.
Hours: Sun up to Sun down
Phone: +1 970-353-4653
Clubhouse and golf shop
Clubhouse Restaurant
Spikes allowed
Driving range and putting green
Designed with links golf in mind. Ample driving areas are framed by native grass mounds that bring to mind the links of Scottland and Ireland.
Hours: Sunrise to Sunset
Phone: +1 970-330-7327
Clubhouse and golf shop
Clubhouse Restaurant
Rentals and Lessons
Driving range and putting green
Surrounded by 5 water quality controlled lakes. Emcompasses more shoreline than any other course in America. This 18-hole championship course crosses the Cache La Poudre river four times. Voted best course on North/Front Range.
Hours: Sunrise to Sunset
Phone: +1 970-674-0930
Clubhouse and golf shop
Clubhouse Restaurant
3.2 km
Phone: +1 970-350-9401
A family recreation center that features an indoor waterpark, miniature golf, gymnasium and more.
Fee: 6.50 USD


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Featuring the Lifetime ornament on the left upper chest and a jolly holiday design of gingerbread men, cocktails, and snowflakes on the back, this stylish Happy Holidays Zip-Up Hoodie will quickly become your favorite holiday hoodie!
Allow 5-7 business days for your order to ship.
Due to current events, some shipments and deliveries may be delayed. We appreciate your patience and understanding.
Item No. 30542201-LIFE-Holiday


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Skip to 0 minutes and 12 seconds DAVID MANALLACK: Hi. Among the biggest selling drugs today are the statins, and their discovery has been heralded as the most significant in the pharmaceutical industry in the last few decades. Statins are a group of agents that lower blood cholesterol levels and they've had a huge impact on reducing cardiovascular disease worldwide. In this module, we will consider the biosynthesis of cholesterol and the mechanism of action of the statins. In development terms, two broad classes of compounds have emerged with origins that can all be traced back to natural substances. And it's a fascinating story, combining the clever applications of both chemistry and biochemistry to produce these, our statin drugs, that have had such a huge impact on modern medicine.
Skip to 1 minute and 3 seconds So let's begin with cholesterol. Cholesterol is a complex hydrophobic molecule that's vital for normal cell function. The structure, shown here, is a molecule with a four ring system with many substituents attached. The four ring system is known as a steroid scaffold and is associated with numerous biochemical pathways. The groups attached to the steroid are mostly hydrophobic.
Skip to 1 minute and 33 seconds Not only do we get cholesterol through our diet, but we also make it in our cells. And the mere mention of the word cholesterol conjures up greasy meals. And for some time we've been aware of the link between high levels of cholesterol in the blood and cardiovascular disease. Looking at this from a rational point of view suggests that reducing plasma cholesterol levels would be a convenient way of reducing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. And indeed, this simple approach works and is now adopted as a strategy to combat heart disease.
Skip to 2 minutes and 13 seconds The simplest way of reducing cholesterol is to cut out certain foods, but for some people such as Steve Park and myself, this is not enough to reduce cholesterol to safe levels. This means that we need to tackle the cellular production of cholesterol. And to do that we need to understand how it is made. Over 30 enzymes are involved in the production of cholesterol within our cells. So which step did the early researchers choose to block? And the answer was to look for an enzyme that catalysed a vital step in the production of cholesterol. This step is shown here and it involves the production of mevalonic acid or R-mevalonate, an important building block in the generation of cholesterol.
Skip to 3 minutes and 9 seconds Reducing the production of mevalonic acid has the knock on effect of greatly reducing the cellular generation of cholesterol. In this diagram, we commence with the molecule HMG-CoA, which we will call the substrate of the enzyme. On the left hand side we have CoA, which is attached to a sulphur atom. And CoA is a complex molecular fragment that we will simply refer to as CoA in the future. Adjacent to the sulphur atom is a carbonyl group. It's a carbon with a double bond to an oxygen. This is then connected to a short chain with a hydroxyl group attached. And the last part of HMG-CoA is a carboxylic acid group.
Skip to 4 minutes and 6 seconds The enzyme involved in this molecular transformation is known as HMG-CoA reductase, and its role is to remove and modify the left hand side so HMG-CoA.
Skip to 4 minutes and 20 seconds As we can see in our product of this reaction, the chain now terminates with a hydroxyl group.
Skip to 4 minutes and 29 seconds Armed with this biochemical knowledge, drug discovery research teams then commenced the search for drugs that blocked HMG-CoA reductase, our enzyme. And by blocking the enzyme we block cholesterol production. We now travel back to the 20th century, where in the 1970s three labs based in Tokyo, Rahway, New Jersey, and in England simultaneously discovered the statins.
Skip to 5 minutes and 1 second But where did they start and what strategy did they follow? The search for the enzyme inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase began by following the same logic used for finding antibiotics. As microorganisms are constantly battling each other for resources and space, they have developed chemical weapons against each other. The researchers considered that an organism which didn't require HMG-CoA reductase for survival purposes might, in fact, produce inhibitors of this enzyme. And so it was. Extracts of various fungal organisms produced substances that were extremely potent inhibitors of the enzyme. The first of these compounds was found during the screening of at least 6,000 microbes and was named mevastatin. Let's have a look at it now.
Skip to 6 minutes and 1 second As with many natural products, mevastatin is a complex molecule that is difficult to synthesise in the lab. The compound has interesting features including what we're going to call a polar head group that we will return to later. The polar head group comprises a six membered ring with an oxygen atom. The ring also has a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group. It is attached through a short chain to a hydrophobic section that comprises two six membered rings fused together. A further chain through an ester group completes the molecule on the left hand side. The drug mevastatin was unfortunately never successful, but it paved the way to other compounds.
Skip to 6 minutes and 57 seconds Two important molecules that emerged were lovastatin and simvastatin. Like mevastatin, lovastatin is also a natural product. However, simvastatin is what we would call semi-synthetic, whereby a natural product is used as the starting point for an organic chemistry manipulation. In this case, we've added a methyl group. Now, I said we'd return to the polar head group. In each of the compounds shown so far, our polar head group is shown as a six-membered ring with an oxygen atom. This, however, is not the active form of the drug. First of all, I'm going to rotate the structure. Our polar head group is now shown on the right hand side. In the body, enzymes convert the ring to an open form.
Skip to 7 minutes and 59 seconds First of all, we've highlighted the polar head group. Ring open form is the active drug shown here on the right. In other words, the molecule on the left hand side is a pro drug. By itself, the pro drug is inactive and only blocks cholesterol formation once it has been converted to the ring opened form on the right. If you look closely at the right hand side of the converted compound there are similarities to something we've seen before. Now let me show you.
Skip to 8 minutes and 38 seconds The right hand side consists of a hydroxyl group placed near a carboxylic acid. This is reminiscent of both HMG-CoA and mevalonate, where we see both a hydroxyl group and a carboxylic acid. So in other words, when the statin is opened up it is able to mimic both the substrate and product or our HMG-CoA enzyme. Interestingly, this small section of the drug highlighted in red is insufficient to stop the enzyme from working, but it gives the spatial and chemical match needed to fit within the enzyme. The high potency of the statins is provided by the lipophilic 6, 6 ring system that's fused together.
Skip to 9 minutes and 30 seconds The complexity of these early molecules was a prompt for more research to develop compounds with improved properties that were easier to manufacture.
Skip to 9 minutes and 41 seconds The following article will take you through the next generation of statin drugs and show you how they interact with the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase.
Heart disease chemistry 1
Watch David discuss the biochemistry of cholesterol formation, the discovery and design of the statin drugs and the interactions they make with the enzyme.
As you make your way through the course, you may like to return to this video and replay particular sections to review David's presentation on heart disease chemistry.
© Monash University 2020. CRICOS No. 00008C


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The potential health benefits of vitamin D have long been the basis of much discussion and research in the medical community and in neurology. In recent years, studies have explored its relationship to multiple sclerosis (MS), in particular its potential role as both a risk and prognostic factor. Additionally, trials are underway to explore the possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation. This article will evaluate the role vitamin D may play in MS therapy and examine the logistics of supplementation based on available data.
Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis
While naturally present in some foods, vitamin D synthesis occurs endogenously when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB). Then it must undergo two hydroxylations in the body for activation, one of which converts vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], also known as calcidiol, and the other forms the physiologically active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], also known as calcitriol.
Many questions remain regarding the preventive and therapeutic potential of vitamin D in MS. While observational data showing the potential of vitamin D supplementation are compelling, controlled randomized trials are needed to assess the impact of vitamin D supplements on multiple sclerosis. In the mean time, physicians should be cautious when recommending supplementation and approach these agents with the same attention to safety and efficacy as other medicines.
Studies indicate that individuals with MS have lower levels of vitamin D. While some may speculate that those with MS have lower vitamin D levels because they may spend less time in the sun, further evidence has shown an association between vitamin D status and subsequent development of MS. In one study evaluating the relative risk of MS by category of serum 25(OH)D level, those with the highest vitamin D levels had a 50 to 60 percent reduced risk of MS.1
The natural extension of this logic would be to explore the potential of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive measure for MS. Many questions remain, however, regarding the optimal level/range of supplementation, at what point in the lifespan to begin supplementation, and how long it should continue. Moreover, unmeasured confounders are still possible, such as infections and UV light exposure. For example, one study measured cumulative sun-related skin damage as well as vitamin D status at the time people had their first MS symptoms and compared them to measures in people without MS. While vitamin D levels were lower in those with MS, there was an even stronger link of less sun exposure with MS status.2 Given the amount of moving parts and unknown factors, it is also worth asking whether vitamin D could actually be a marker for another risk factor that's not known yet.
Based on the results of one Finnish study, the impact of vitamin D can possibly be tracked back to in utero, as those individuals whose mothers had lower 25(OH)D levels (less than 12.02 ng/mL) while pregnant were found to have a higher relative risk of MS.3 Vitamin D status in newborns can also serve as predictor of the likelihood of developing MS later in life.4
In addition to the many questions regarding vitamin D status and risk of MS, many studies are actively exploring its effects in people with established MS. One study evaluating patients with pediatric-onset MS found an increased risk of relapse in those with lower 25(OH)D levels.5 This finding was echoed in a study looking at adult MS,6 while another study found that prior vitamin D levels were predictive of new MRI lesions in patients with relapsing MS or clinically isolated syndrome.7 These studies were the first to establish the link between vitamin D and inflammatory events, such as relapses and new MRI lesions. There is also a possibility that vitamin D can help to prevent gray matter atrophy and thus have a positive impact on long-term disability.8
If prescribing vitamin D supplements, consider aiming for 25(OH)D levels between 40ng/mL and 60ng/mL (100-150nmol/L), a range supported by observational data.
Vitamin D Supplementation Trials
Several observational trials have studied vitamin D supplementation and its potential to treat relapsing MS. In one study, investigators evaluated 49 patients on escalating doses of vitamin D3 (max 40,000 IU per day) and calcium versus discretionary vitamin D use (up to 4,000 IU per day). They found that those receiving vitamin D supplementation had a tendency for lower relapse rates and less worsening of disability at the end of the trial.9 Notably, vitamin D levels were not reported, so it's unclear how high of a vitamin D level, in particular in the comparison arm patient, was achieved. Further, the disability change was calculated only among those who completed the trial; it's unclear how much bias due to drop-outs may have played a role.
In another study, 66 patients who used interferon-beta 1b for at least one month were randomized to 20,000 IU vitamin D3 every week versus placebo for one year. Results indicated that vitamin D was associated with fewer enhancing MRI lesions and a trend for better EDSS.10
Other studies have shown varying results, including some that have indicated vitamin D supplementation to have no change in MRI and no impact on relapse rate, EDSS, or MSFG changes.11-14 However, some trials have shown a possible in vivo effect of vitamin D supplementation, such as reduced IL-17+ CD4+ T cells, reduced effector memory CD4+ T cells, and reduced CD85j+ CD8+ T cells.15
Preliminary unpublished outcomes from the SOLAR trial, in which vitamin D3 was used as an add-on to interferon beta treatment, showed no difference with respect to the "no evidence of disease" composite primary endpoint.16 However, the annualized relapse rate was 0.28 in the vitamin D group and 0.41 in the placebo group. Additionally, the vitamin D group had a mean combined unique lesion count of 1.09 compared to 1.49 in placebo.
Vitamin D and the Physician: Clinical Recommendations
While observational data are indeed compelling, more randomized, controlled trials are needed to assess the impact of vitamin D supplements on multiple sclerosis. Several trials are ongoing, including the VIDAMS (Vitamin D to Ameliorate MS) trial. There are many questions for clinicians to consider in the meantime regarding patient recommendations. After all, if we are to consider the potential of vitamin D as a medication, we should give the same weight to efficacy and safety as we would any other medication. In this regard, the first consideration we should make is that vitamin D is not approved for the treatment of MS. That it is available over-the-counter does not make it safe or effective.
One question to consider is whether to supplement with D2 or D3. Traditional protocols suggest supplementing with 50,000 IU of D2 weekly. However, several studies have signaled that D3 may be more potent than D2. In addition, dosage and frequency of treatment also present questions, as studies have not yet clearly defined an ideal amount and schedule for supplementation in patients with MS. While using a consistent dose may help to get levels to the same general area, it is worth noting that vitamin D kinetics may differ in MS and that supplements could have a blunted response in individuals with MS.17
As we have seen in past examples from other disease states, randomized trials are needed to confirm these compelling observational findings. Until then, physicians should be cautious when using these agents and must maintain a practice that's evidenced-based and safe to ensure we do not cause harm to patients.
Regarding the possible use of off-label prescription vitamin D agents, it's important to carefully consider the risks and benefits in those at risk from excess vitamin D. Physicians and patients who do wish to pursue supplements while awaiting more definitive results could consider aiming for 25(OH)D levels between 40ng/mL and 60ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L), since this range is supported from the observational data. This usually translates to a dose of between 2,000 IU and 5,000 IU per day. Additionally, levels should be re-checked after three months to establish the target range.
Evidence showing an inverse association between MS risk and inflammatory activity are compelling enough to warrant further exploration of vitamin D as a possible risk factor for MS, with implications for a longer-term role in disability. In particular, the potentially preventive role of vitamin D in MS represents an area of keen interest for further research, as it could shed light on the disease itself. However, these studies would require more time and funding and may not come to fruition.
Regarding the role of vitamin D as a treatment for MS, continued trials should seriously evaluate the potential role of vitamin D2 or D3 supplements as disease-modifying therapies. Hopefully these trials will definitively answer the many questions regarding the role of these supplements for those with MS. Moreover, evaluating the results of these trials in aggregate may improve on their statistical power. At the current time, the safety and efficacy of vitamin D supplements are not known, and while physicians should approach supplementation with caution, we also owe it to our patients to explore the possible utility of vitamin D in the management of MS.
Ellen Mowry, MD is an Associate Professor of Neurology and Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, MD.
1. Salzer J. Vitamin D as a protective factor in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2012. Nov 20;79(21): 2140-5
2. Lucas RM, et al. Sun exposure and vitamin D are independent risk factors for CNS demyelination. Neurology 2011. Feb 8;76(6):540-8.
3. Munger, KL. Vitamin D Status During Pregnancy and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Offspring of Women in the Finnish Maternity Cohort. JAMA Neurol. Published online March 07, 2016.
4. Nielsen NM, et al. Neonatal vitamin D status and risk of multiple sclerosis: A population-based case-control study. Neurology. 2017 Jan 3;88(1):44-51.
5. Mowry EM et al. Vitamin D status is associated with relapse rate in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2010 May;67(5):618-24.
6. Simpson et al. Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2010 Aug;68(2):193-203.
7. Mowry EM, et al. Vitamin D status predicts new brain magnetic resonance imaging activity in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2012 Aug;72(2):234-40.
8. Mowry EM et al. Vitamin D in clinically isolated syndrome: evidence for possible neuroprotection. Eur J Neurol. 2016 Feb;23(2):327-32.
9. Burton J et al. A phase I/II dose-escalation trial of vitamin D3 and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2010 Jun 8;74(23):1852-9.
10. Soilu-Hanninen et al, A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with vitamin D3 as an add on treatment to interferon β-1b in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012 May;83(5):565-71.
11. Kampman et al. Vitamin D in multiple sclerosis: implications for assessment and treatment. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012 Sep;12(9):1101-12.
12. Mosayebi et al. Therapeutic effect of vitamin D3 in multiple sclerosis patients. Immunol Invest. 2011;40(6):627-39.
13. Stein 2012. Diffusion tensor imaging of acute inflammatory lesion evolution in multiple sclerosis. J Clin Neurosci. 2012 Dec;19(12):1689-94.
14. Mahon. Et al Cytokine profile in patients with multiple sclerosis following vitamin D supplementation. J Neuroimmunol. 2003 Jan;134(1-2):128-32.
15. Sotirchos E, Bhargava P, et al, Safety and immunologic effects of high- vs low-dose cholecalciferol in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2016 Jan 26;86(4):382-90.
16. Smolders, J. et al. A phase II study of the efficacy and safety of high-dose cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) oil as add-on therapy in subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis receiving subcutaneous interferon B-1a: SOLAR.
17. Bhargava P et al, MSJ 2016. Multiple sclerosis patients have a diminished serologic response to vitamin D supplementation compared to healthy controls. Mult Scler. 2016 May;22(6):753-60.


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KSNY Gel Strong Nail Polish, Can Good Nail Polish Be Just $2.99?
Last Updated on September 20, 2018 by Cassie Lyons
KSNY Gel Strong Nail Polish by Kiss New York, is marketed as low price, high quality, and strong as gel, nail polishes. They come in 36 different varieties- some including glitter- and cost around $2.99 per bottle. They don't offer a base coat, but other than that have every color of the rainbow and a top coat. These polishes are sold at stores such as: Dollar General, Sally Beauty, and many more. The bottle is square in shape, with a nice cylindrical gunmetal colored top. You also don't need a LED light source to set the polish, it is meant for air drying.
The Positives
There are too many to even list! But I will anyway. First off, the price is a steal- even at Walmart you can't get many polishes that cheap. Also there are so many colors, so it's not like you only have a couple choices and then have to buy other colors in the pricey brands- you can just get them all from Kiss New York! I also want to note that these go on so smooth and only take two coats for solid coverage- just like all the other brands do- and the product itself goes on great! I hate dealing with thick, sticky polishes that take forever to dry, most of the time I just don't paint my nails because that; however, these polishes dry super quick and are thin with no lumps or bumps. I'm even going to tell from experience that the pricey nail polishes when side by side compared- suck. I applied this polish in Secret Garden which is a nice sage green color and then next to it I applied Butter's London Fog and to be honest I liked the texture of the KSNY nail polish better, and it dried faster!
The Negatives
There really is only one negative I can genuinely say about this nail lacquer which is that it does not last a very long time. Now I don't know about you, but to me I'd rather have smooth polish that you just have to apply more often than to have thick, uncomfortable nail polish that lasts a week more, but of course that is just my opinion.
So What's The Scoop?
KSNY Gel Strong Nail Polish is inexpensive nail polish that comes in 36 colors and shines just as well as gel polish, but applies even better. With the only negative being how long it stays, I'd still say this nail polish is a steal because all the other pros make up and more for just one con.


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By The Editors
Bisphenol A (BPA) is not just a harmful chemical found in many plastic products — it's also a news champion, and our guess is we'll keep hearing about it for a long time. The latest? BPA may act as a complete mammary gland carcinogen.
BPA is a known endocrine disruptor (a chemical able to interfere with the body's endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects in both humans and wildlife) and a potential environmental obesogen (a chemical able to disrupt the normal development and balance of lipid metabolism, which can lead to obesity). Moreover, mounting scientific evidence strongly suggests a link between BPA and cancer.
The Breast Cancer Fund website states: "With regard to mammary development and increased risk for development of breast cancer, several studies using both rat and mouse models have demonstrated that even brief exposures to environmentally relevant doses of BPA during gestation or around the time of birth lead to changes in mammary tissue structure predictive of later development of tumors. Exposure also increased sensitivity to estrogen at puberty. Early exposure to BPA led to abnormalities in mammary tissue development that were observable even during gestation and were maintained into adulthood. Prenatal exposure of rats to BPA resulted in increases in the number of pre-cancerous lesions and in situ tumors (carcinomas), as well as an increased number of mammary tumors following adulthood exposures to subthreshold doses (lower than that needed to induce tumors) of known carcinogens."
Now, a new study published in the scientific journal Environmental Health Perspectives (Perinatally Administered Bisphenol A Acts as a Mammary Gland Carcinogen in Rats, July 23, 2013) concludes that "Developmental exposure to environmentally relevant levels of BPA during gestation and lactation induces mammary gland neoplasms in the absence of any additional carcinogenic treatment. Thus, BPA may act as a complete mammary gland carcinogen".
For their study, the authors used SpragueDawley rats, a strain used extensively for toxicology and carcinogenesis studies by the National Toxicology Program at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Pregnant rats were treated with a wide range of BPA doses for different exposure times. The mammary glands from the offspring were then examined for preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Unexpectedly, the investigators observed large mammary carcinomas occurring at BPA doses relevant to human exposure. Tumors were found in animals exposed to BPA across all doses and exposure times.
BPA is the building block of polycarbonate plastic. It's also used in the manufacture of epoxy resins found in many common consumer products as well as in thermal receipts and other paper products.
Polycarbonate plastics have many applications including use in some food and drink packaging, e.g., water and infant bottles, compact discs, impact-resistant safety equipment, and medical devices. Epoxy resins are used as lacquers to coat metal products such as food cans, bottle tops, and water supply pipes. Some dental sealants and composites may also contribute to BPA exposure.
Below are some suggestions from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to limit daily exposure to BPA:
- Don't microwave polycarbonate plastic food containers. Polycarbonate is strong and durable, but over time it may break down from over use at high temperatures.
- Plastic containers have recycle codes on the bottom. Some, but not all, plastics that are marked with recycle codes 3 or 7 may be made with BPA.
- Reduce your use of canned foods.
- When possible, opt for glass, porcelain or stainless steel containers, particularly for hot food or liquids.
- Use baby bottles that are BPA free.


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Hedge fund investors move away from fund of funds
More than a third of fund of hedge fund investors have moved into allocating funds directly into the asset class, research by Preqin finds.
A survey of 50 global fund of hedge fund investors by the consultancy found 35% favoured direct allocation, despite most institutional investors having started out with exposure to fund of funds. The...
More on Hedge Funds
The hedge fund edge: Picking winning managers
James Balcombe looks at how pension funds can find the best hedge fund managers in the market
Interest rate hedging activity swells by 13% in Q4
Interest rate and inflation hedging levels rose during the last quarter of 2015 according to BMO Global Asset Management's Liability Driven Investment (LDI) survey.
Is £1trn of unhedged interest rate exposure in DB really a problem?
PP considers how big a risk this is for schemes and how they can manage it
Clwyd LGPS overhauls hedge fund portfolio after 'disappointing' returns
Clwyd Pension Fund has undergone a restructure of its hedge fund strategy which will generate cost efficiencies and protect against volatility, following a major investment review.
Why pension funds are looking again at hedge funds
PP looks at whether volatile markets mean now is the opportune time to invest in hedge funds


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Currently listing 55 recipes in 106 categories!Latest Recipes
2 eggs
1 1/4 cups buttermilk
4 Tablespoons butter, melted
3 Tablespoons canned pumpkin
1/4 cup granulated sugar
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 1/4 cups all-purpose flour
1/2 teaspoon baking powder
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1/4 teaspoon cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon allspice
Preheat a skillet over medium heat. Coat pan with oil cooking spray.
Combine eggs, buttermilk, butter, pumpkin, sugar & salt in a large
bowl. Use an electric mixer to blend ingredients.
Combine remaining ingredients in a small bowl. Add dry ingredients to
wet ingredients & blend with mixer until smooth.
Pour the batter in 1/4 c portions into the hot pan. Should form 5-
inch circles.
When the batter stops bubbling & edges begin to harden, flip the
pancakes. They should be dark brown. This will take from 1 to 2
Flip the pancakes & cook other side for the same amount of time,
until dark brown.
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Product Description
PneumaticPlus SAU2020 Series Mini Air Filter Regulator Modular Combo 1/4" NPT
PneumaticPlus SAU Series Air Filter Regulator Modular Combo combines SAR Series Air Regulator and SAF Series Standard Particulate Air Filter with a T-Bracket to provide effective particulate and moisture filtering and constant air flow.
- Drain Option Available
- Bowl Option Available
- 10 Micro Filter Element
- Maximum Supply Pressure: 250 PSI
- Maximum Operating Pressure: 150 PSI
- Includes 0 - 150 PSI Gauge
- Manufactured In Korea
- 1 Year Manufacturer Limited Warranty
|Model #
|Bowl Type
|Drain Type
|Poly Bowl
|Manual Drain
|Poly Bowl
|Auto Drain
|Metal Bowl
|Manual Drain
|Metal Bowl
|Auto Drain
PneumaticPlus welcomes distributor inquiries regarding our airline products. Please send all distribution inquiries to firstname.lastname@example.com
You don't see what you are looking for? Call us. We carry full line of pneumatic products from top manufacturers. We will find a solution that fits your need. (800) 658-3579


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I love you, but I'm taking a (possibly permanent) break
Well, the break has already begun as alert or even not-alert readers will have noticed. It feels odd having a blog and just drifting off and posting less and less, so I'm making it official. I shan't be posting again (unless something earth-shattering in the world of Internet dating happens and I feel like blogging). I'm working on shifting virginiavitzthum.com into a straight-up author website.
(Wait, did I just do non-closure closure like all those Internet dates who drive us nuts by not just cleanly ending it? I think I did!)
So long! Thanks Kenneth and Steve and the other commenters who made blogging more fun than I expected it to be. And of course, thanks to Alberto the mastermind and not-evil genius.


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The youth-written stories in Represent give inspiration and information to teens in foster care while offering staff insight into those teens' struggles.
Violence (32 found)
Note: These stories are from Represent and its sister publication, YCteen, which is written by New York City public high school students.
The Dorm Project allows foster youth to live in a dorm throughout college, including holidays and summer break. Unfortunately, there are a lot of fights. (full text)
Ericka tries the Dorm Project for a year. She experiences sexual harassment, verbal abuse, identity theft, and other affronts. She likes her tutor but not living in the dorm. (full text)
The writer's childhood was a blur of drug dealing, abuse, death, and chaos. He mourns never getting to "do kid things" and ponders how he'll ever be able to trust. (full text)
Youth Communication's summer workshop on gender led writers to challenge stereotypes of masculinity and femininity. They found that gender roles can limit or even hurt people. (full text)
Hande looks at recent news reports of sexual violence in her home country, Turkey, and explores what's behind men's desire to dominate and control women. (full text)
Men are constantly commenting on Margaret's appearance as she walks down the street. She reports on how widespread—and how damaging to girls—street harassment is. (full text)
Domestic violence expert Heather McLain explains what to do if your parent is being abused. (full text)
Growing up in a violent, dysfunctional household, Linda becomes depressed and suicidal. Therapy helps her express her feelings. (full text)
Catherine learns how quickly things can escalate beyond the virtual world when a confrontation on Facebook leads to real-life violence. (full text)
After being arrested for assault, Fred is sent to a residential treatment center, where he eventually learns ways to deal with his anger and his violent past. (full text)
Julie finds that opening up about her feelings helps her to deal with them in more constructive ways. (full text)
After her father abandons the family, the writer feels weighed down by family responsibilities. Physical symptoms of depression and thoughts of suicide eventually drive her to talk to a counselor, which helps. (full text)
Teachers tell students to walk away from fights or to inform an adult, but that advice is ignored because those who follow it get beaten up. (full text)
The writer lives in a violent home and has to physically break up fights between her parents. She compensates by becoming the perfect kid, but her empty feelings lead to hallucinations and she starts seeing a counselor. (full text)
Karate gives Robin a positive way to release and control his anger. (full text)
Juan is torn between watching his friends' backs and staying out of trouble. (full text)
Zeena slowly realizes that the abuse she gets from her parents isn't just part of their culture—it's wrong. (full text)
The author meets a guy she really likes and they start going out. Then he plans a "surprise." (full text)
Aaron Hoagland grew up around violence in his Flatbush, Brooklyn community. He joins a teen program to help train other young people learn nonviolent ways to solve problems. (full text)
After Ruby lives through the terror attack near her high school, she is motivated to play a more active role in the fight to end gun violence. (full text)
Gang violence is frequent on the streets of Guaiba, Brazil, where Carolina is from. She visits Youth Organizing to Save Our Streets (YO S.O.S.), to learn how they are working to make their community safer. (full text)
With the teen organization Youth Organizing to Save Our Streets (YO S.O.S.), Sashwat participates in a theater performance designed to combat violence. (full text)
For Carolina, who is from Brazil where there is much gang activity, the threat of gun violence is personal. (full text)
After the writer barely escapes getting raped, she turns to weed to help her forget what happened. Her adviser reaches out to her and reminds her of her future goals. (full text)
Hande looks at recent news reports of sexual violence in her home country, Turkey, and explores what's behind men's desire to dominate and control women. (full text)
After doing jail time for robbery, the writer begins to reevaluate his life. However, he doesn't make a significant change until his grandmother dies; she had pressed him to leave the street life behind. (full text)
Carlos, who is from Honduras, recounts two assassination attempts on his father's life. (full text)
The writer's chaotic home life leaves her with uncontrolled rage. She releases her anger by inflicting pain on others, and eventually ends up behind bars. That prompted her to get help by starting therapy. (full text)
Najet, who is serving an eight-year prison sentence, describes the mandatory anger management course she has to take while behind bars. (full text)
The writer falls for a "bad boy." He becomes increasingly possessive and their constant fighting turns physical. It's not until after she breaks up with him that she learns she was in an abusive relationship.
(full text)
Catherine is brutally attacked by a girl named Sara, suffering facial fractures as a result. None of the friends they have in common will reveal Sara's full name, so the police can't find her. Catherine wants Sara locked up, not out of revenge, but so she can change her behavior. (full text)
New brain research confirms what the writer knows from personal experience—teens have lower impulse control than adults. (full text)


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* List created by Seoung (Chow Down Detroit) & Virginia Lee
Hey Guys! We found some cool places to check out when you're driving by the Downriver area. Seoung actually grew up in Lincoln Park so he has a special place in his heart for Downriver! Here are some of our recommendations but let us know where else you think should make this list!
Promenade Artisan Foods | Trenton
You can count on quality ingredients and delicious flavors when you hit up Promenade Artisan Foods. This local cafe makes everything in-house! They offer sweet and savory baked goods, freshly brewed coffee and tea, that will satisfy everyone's taste buds. A splendid place for Saturday brunch and even to grab some goods to-go. They are closed on Sunday and Monday so plan accordingly!
Peepo's Shawarma & Subs | Taylor
Their Africano Fries made it to our Top 10 Fantastic Fries' List but did you know Peepo's is known for their incredible Fruit Smoothies, Spicy Africano Chicken Subs, and the infamous Peepo's Plate (Turmeric Rice topped with your choice of Africano Chicken, Tomatoes, Lettuce & drizzled with our Homemade Ranch). So many options to try and it's one of my favorite places to eat in Metro Detroit!
Luke & Lulu's Cafe | Allen Park
This family owned and operated cafe is another wonderful choice for having a laid-back lunch. They are well-known for their specialty hot-pressed paninis, like the Luke & Lulu, Bubby Bando, and even the classic Toasted Italian. Don't forget to order a side of freshly brewed coffee to complete the meal.
Los Arcos Market | Lincoln Park
Get your ultimate taco fix here at Los Arcos. This local market is home to Mexican groceries and a dine-in area. You can order a variety of tacos like the steak, chorizo, and chicken, and guacamole! Get $1 Tacos on Tuesdays!
Kate's Kitchen | Flat Rock
Start your day off with a delicious breakfast prepared by the folk's over at Kate's Kitchen! This is one of the most popular restaurants in Flat Rock!. If you want something filling, there's the savory Biscuits & Gravy, Country Breakfast Specials, fluffy home-made Blueberry Pancakes, and even scrumptious house-made cream pies to take home.
Cash only!
JP McGuire's Bar & Grille | Taylor
Here's another prime bar and grille the locals in the city of Taylor would recommend. Plenty of seating indoors and on the patio for you and your friends to hang out. Their delicious burgers, crispy onion rings, savory hot wings, and cold beer on tap are all classic go-to items for watching sports! It's a popular restaurant in Downriver for food, drinks, and rooting for Detroit sports teams!
Gus & Us Grille | Allen Park
Craving some Chicken Lemon Rice Soup, Greek Salad, or even a Gyro platter? Gus & Us will take care of you. Their extensive Greek and American menu offerings and reasonable prices are why people keep going back. A great place for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Check out their menu for authentic Greek food too!
Malek Al Kabob | Taylor
If you care about outstanding customer service, generous food portions, and fresh hot bread awaiting you, this is a must place to stop by! Everyone raves about the bread and the garlic dip that you can dig into before your main entrees arrive. The chicken kabobs, fattoush salad, fruit smoothies, and even vegetarian options are available to order.
Grotto's Pizzeria & Tavern | Trenton
Pizza baked to perfection in a wood-fired brick oven is one of the best ways to enjoy pizza! Look at those generous toppings and perfect rise on the crust. Grotto's is known for their other entrees besides pizza, like crispy homemade chips, Arancini, Calzone, and Gnocchi.
Jersey Giant Subs | Woodhaven
This family-owned sub shop doesn't cut corners when they are crafting Jersey-style sub sandwiches. The Michigan-sourced meats and cheeses are freshly sliced so in each bite, you will get a balance of bread, meat, veggies, and cheese.
Pro tip: order the Whole Jersey Devil (Roast Beef, Ham, Turkey, Capicola, Salami, Prostini, Pepperoni & Cheese) and you can save leftovers for the later that day or you can share! I have been eating Jersey Giant for over 15 years since their original location in East Lansing. So good!
Did you settle on something sweet or savory? Brunch or dinner? Either way, we hope this list can guide you to a delicious meal. Where else would you recommend around the area? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com!


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| • Award Programs
• Agriscience Fair
• National Chapter Award
• Proficiency Awards
• Rising Star Award
• Scholarships
• Stars Over Iowa
Students can compete in 36 divisions across 6 systems areas: Animal; Environmental & Natural Resources; Food Products & Processing; Plant; Power, Structural, & Technical; and Social. Divisions are set based on junior (grades 7-8), intermediate (grades 9-10), and senior (grades 11-12) projects and whether the project is conducted by an individual or a pair.
Recognition of the top members in each respective area occurs at the annual Iowa FFA Leadership Conference each April. The winners in each division also qualify for the National FFA Agriscience Fair, which is held during the National FFA Convention & Expo each fall.
Event Rules


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Contact us on tel: 01295 298 377 / 07402 506460 or fill in our contact form
Tarmac and asphalt driveways make great low-cost alternatives to block paving. It is easily installed, long lasting and can be combined with other products like paving to make it unique and eye-catching.
For example, you can use paving borders around your tarmac driveway. The paving borders act as a restraint and an enhancement to the tarmac to keep it all locked solid place. It will make it stand out visually as well.
provide a wide range of tarmac services for all our customers in Oxfordshire. All our completed work meets the industry standard for tarmac so you can be sure of quality workmanship. We also offer repairs to tarmac and asphalt.
We can install your driveway in black or red tarmac, the quality is the same, the colours are just different. We can professionally lay resin bond driveways and we have a low-cost tar & chip options available. We try to make sure that we cater to all types of budgets in Oxfordshire.
If you're having problems with your Driveway or just looking for a new one, simply call us For a FREE No obligation quote contact us at Banbury Roofing and Paving. A piece of mind service, we only fix problems not create them.


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Universal Audio Apollo Twin MKII Duo
2x6 Desktop Thunderbolt Audio Interface
- With 2x SHARC DSP for running the UAD plug-ins without burdening the CPU of the host computer
- 24 Bit / 192 kHz
- Unison technology for the modelling of classic preamps on a tube and transistor basis, guitar amps and stomp boxes
- Integrated talkback microphone
- Monitoring functions such as monitor remote control and controls for mono, mute, DIM and ALT monitors
- 2x Unison microphone/line combo inputs XLR/jack 6.3 mm
- 2 Line outputs jack 6.3 mm
- Hi-Z instrument input and headphone output, jack 6.3 mm
- 2 Digitally controlled analogue monitor outputs, jack 6.3 mm
- Optical digital input S/PDIF/ADAT
- Thunderbolt connector
- Power supply connection 12 V DC
- Realtime Analog Classics Plugin bundle included
- For Mac OS and Windows
Note: Thunderbolt cable not included
Further Information
|Recording / Playback Channels
|Number of Mic Inputs
|Number of Line Inputs
|Number of Instrument Inputs
|Number of Line Outputs
|Headphone Outs
|Phantom Power
|Number of S/PDIF Connectors
|Number of ADAT Connectors
|AES/EBU Connectors
|Number of MADI Connectors
|Other Connectors
|MIDI Connectors
|Word Clock
|Max. Samplerate
|192 kHz
|Max. Resolution in Bit
|24 bit
|Incl. Power Supply
|Windows Thunderbolt driver
|Thunderbolt Version
|Width in mm
|160 mm
|Depth in mm
|149 mm
|Height in mm
|66 mm
Review - Universal Audio Apollo Twin MkII
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- WiFi
- Car park
- Pets admitted
- Rural
Choose your room
This 3-star hotel offers modern rooms and apartments, a bowling alley and free parking. It lies in Stuttgart's Plieningen district, a 5-minute drive from Stuttgart Airport and Messe exhibition center. The rooms and apartments of the Filder-Post-Hotel have Wi-Fi internet. The rooms come with a mini-bar and the apartments feature a kitchenette. All rooms are completely nonsmoking. A rich breakfast buffet is available each morning. Guests are welcome to relax with a drink in the beer garden. The gourmet restaurant can be booked in advance for groups. Stuttgart city center is 7.5 mi from the Filder Post. The A8 motorway is a 3-minute drive away.
Reviews: Hotel Airport Filder Post
Useful information:Other names for Hotel Airport Filder Post:
Filder Post Airport


text: Well I guess the easyest way to describe these are. 1. Its a wakeboard (the thing you pull behind a big boat) 2. We are in a ditch about a foot deep 3. We are beeing pulled by a four wheeler Im not sure this is legal but tell me what you think about the shots. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. thanks for looking


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On another sunny, beautiful Thursday afternoon at Thunder Lake, 10 contestants gathered on the docks on August 18th for the kids fishing contest at TLL. This crew caught a total of 75 fish between them all! Here are the superlatives for the week:
- Isaac Bonick from Cottage #11 caught the smallest fish of the day, which was a 4 inch sunfish.
- Cody Clements in A-Frame #2 caught the most fish of the day. He caught 13 fish.
- Cottage #5's Claire Nilan caught the biggest fish of the day. She caught a gigantic 9 1/2 inch rock bass!
Congratulations to all of you that participated! What a great group of fishermen!
"See You At The Lake"


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World leaders meeting at next weeks Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference in Peru are expected to endorse a proposal from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to erase Christmas from this years calender.
IMF spokesman Dr E.Scrooge said that banks worldwide will not be able to sustain the amount of credit demanded by consumers eager to spend above their limits during the seasonal shopping frenzy.
Credit card companies such as Mastercard and American Express will be instructed to automatically block customers from using their cards.
The sales of Christmas cards,decorations, lights trees etc. will be prohibited worldwide.
People will be allowed to attend Church as usual however in a concession to those who see Christmas as some kind of religious festival.


text:
Iberia launches low-tax Avios redemptions to Tokyo and Shanghai!
Links on Head for Points may pay us an affiliate commission. A list of partners is here.
Following the recent announcement of its new service to Johannesburg, starting in August, Iberia has revealed some more big news.
Iberia has announced a new 'three flights per week' service from Madrid to Tokyo from October 2016.
It will depart on Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays, using a brand new Airbus A330 with a two class configuration.
The 13.20 departure time means that it is possible to make a same day connection from the UK.
I tried to get some typical tax numbers for Iberia flights yesterday. However, this is Iberia we're talking about and the only response I could get when selecting Narita flights (which are loaded in the system) was:
An error has occurred. We apologize for the inconvenience and ask you to please try again after a few minutes. If the error persists please contact us.
You should expect the tax in Business Class to be under €200 return and no more than €175 in Economy. You MUST book through Iberia Plus to get this pricing. If you book via ba.com you will get a large fuel surcharge added to your ticket.
As long as your Iberia Plus account is 90 days old and has earned 1 Avios point (a transfer from Amex Membership Rewards would do it) you can use 'Combine My Avios' on ba.com to send them across for free.
To put this in context, a flight from London to Tokyo on BA will set you back £531 of taxes and charges – although, with Iberia, you need to factor in the cost of getting to Madrid.
One downside ….
The new Iberia A330-200 aircraft, whilst brand new, are not 'Avios friendly' if you are looking for Business Class redemptions.
With only 19 business class seats, availability will be tight. Iberia is still be releasing a minimum of two business class seats per flight however – they are already showing.
And Shanghai too ….
Iberia has also announced a new route to Shanghai, also to be flown with a brand new A330-200.
The airline has yet to receive the necessary permissions for the flight so it is not releasing any timetable information, except to say that flights will begin in the Winter. I'll let you know when I hear something.
(Want to earn more Avios? Click here to visit our home page for the latest articles on earning and spending your Avios points and click here to see how to earn more Avios from current offers and promotions.)


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Georgia business owners have been paying more unemployment tax the past two years because the state is past due on about $500 million dollars in federal loans.
The increase, which one business owner describes as a retroactive tax hike that cost him more than $1,000, is allowed under the Federal Unemployment Tax Act.
In simplest terms, it happened like this: The federal government sets the unemployment tax for businesses at 6 percent on the first $7,000 of wages per employee, but gives a credit pushing that rate down to 0.6 percent if the company also pays state unemployment tax, like they do in Georgia. If the state borrows money for unemployment and fails to pay it back for two years, that federal credit starts to drop by 0.3 percent annually. The determination is made in November, and if the state is still in debt then, the rate hike covers all the prior months.
"Most of the year has gone by, and that's why the business needs to go back and pay this retroactively," said Nafiz Halloum, tax manager for Wells Fargo Business Payroll Services.
Or as Chris Springfield, owner of the Capital Room bar in downtown Athens described the drop in his bank account to cover the retroactive change, "Surprise! There goes $1,000."
"They're literally punishing private businesses for the state's inability to pay its bills on time," Springfield said.
Halloum said he's seen these fee hikes all over the nation the past two years. Only three states were affected in 2010; 21 were in 2011, and then it dropped to 19 in 2012. And in every case, "because the states have failed to repay that loan, (businesses) end up footing the bill."
He said the rate ends up jumping by about $21 per employee. Mark Butler, state labor commissioner, said that when he took office in 2011, the lack of a payback plan had the projected increase hitting $200 per employee before the debt was done. That means an employer like Caterpillar, if its local plant were at its 1,400-employee capacity, would be paying an additional $280,000 a year in unemployment taxes.
"Our Georgia businesses can't take any more burdens on taxes," Butler said. "We need them to be putting people back to work, not paying more in taxes."
Stopping the hikes from hitting that level was part of why state unemployment benefits were reduced to 20 weeks from 26 with a sliding scale based on unemployment, Butler said.
Lessening the time people qualify for state unemployment benefits dropped the debt from $900 billion to $540 billion since 2011, Butler said. Projections have the state paying back the last dollar in fall 2014, meaning employers may face another hike. Butler said he intends to ask the federal government to waive it, but admits there are no promises.
"It's probably a long shot, but we want to try anything to lessen the burden on Georgia businesses," he said.
At the peak of the recession, paying out unemployment benefits cost the state $1.7 billion in a single year, a decade after the trust fund meant to pay benefits in times of mass unemployment was lowered to $1.3 billion, Butler said.
The trust fund depleted in 2009, but the state still had an obligation to pay out benefits, he said. If the trust fund had never been tapped, even on the worst day the state would have had $500 million left, meaning no federal loans and no change to employer's unemployment tax rate, Butler said. His office has since been arguing that the fund isn't something to be trifled with.
• Follow government and business reporter Nick Coltrain at twitter.com/ncoltrain or on Facebook at facebook.com/NickColtrainABH.