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Bench-to-bedside review: Circulating microparticles - a new player in sepsis?
Critical Care volume 14, Article number: 236 (2010)
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In sepsis, inflammation and thrombosis are both the cause and the result of interactions between circulating (for example, leukocytes and platelets), endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Microparticles are proinflammatory and procoagulant fragments originating from plasma membrane generated after cellular activation and released in body fluids. In the vessel, they constitute a pool of bioactive effectors pulled from diverse cellular origins and may act as intercellular messengers. Microparticles expose phosphatidylserine, a procoagulant phospholipid made accessible after membrane remodelling, and tissue factor, the initiator of blood coagulation at the endothelial and leukocyte surface. They constitute a secretion pathway for IL-1β and up-regulate the proinflammatory response of target cells. Microparticles circulate at low levels in healthy individuals, but undergo phenotypic and quantitative changes that could play a pathophysiological role in inflammatory diseases. Microparticles may participate in the pathogenesis of sepsis through multiple ways. They are able to regulate vascular tone and are potent vascular proinflammatory and procoagulant mediators. Microparticles' abilities are of increasing interest in deciphering the mechanisms underlying the multiple organ dysfunction of septic shock.
In the 1960 s and 70 s Wolf [1] was the first to describe platelet derivatives of less than 0.1 μm as procoagulant vesicles. Later, having been given the name of 'micro-particles' (MPs), these vesicles were described as membrane-derived nano-fragments (0.05 to 1 μm) that are active in coagulation and inflammation. MPs are released in the extracellular environment through a membrane reorganization and blebbing process following cell activation or apoptosis. They constitute a storage pool of bioactive effectors with varied cellular origins and are able to act as intercellular messengers [2]. They are present in body fluids where they reflect normal tissue homeostasis, but undergo phenotypic and quantitative changes to play a pathophysiological role in several diseases, most of them associated with thrombotic disorders [3, 4] (Figure 1).
MPs often convey tissue factor (TF) that may contribute to the dissemination of coagulopathy in sepsis [5, 6] and cytokines up-regulating deleterious inflammatory responses [7]. Circulating MPs can also provoke vascular dysfunction, and they reduce available nitric oxide (NO) and increase levels of reactive oxygen species, thereby promoting oxidative stress [8].
This review will focus on the role of MPs during sepsis, with a special emphasis on coagulation and inflammation disturbances.
Microparticles are potential intercellular messengers during sepsis
Sepsis is a syndrome characterized by excessive cellular activation involving a systemic inflammatory response to severe infection. Its most severe form may lead to septic shock. The ongoing circulatory failure is characterized by vasoplegia-related arterial hypotension and may include vasopressor resistance, and myocardial and local blood flow impairments. Inflammation plays a key role in the acute activation of the vascular wall and is associated with local thrombosis and changes in vasomotricity [9]. Thus, the endothelium-derived TF initiates the coagulation process and a proteolytic cascade [10]. The endothelial damage furthermore leads to the expression of adhesion molecules and other vasoactive factors involved in inflammation and coagulation.
Biogenesis and general features of microparticles
MPs are produced following cellular activation or apoptosis. The increase in intracellular calcium activates various cytosolic enzymes, including calpains, that cleave the cytoskeleton and facilitate the role of procaspase-3 in apoptosis [11]. As a response to stimulus, the cytoskeleton is reorganized and the asymmetric distribution of the phospholipid membrane modified with exposure of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface. Cellular blebbing then occurs, ultimately leading to the release of MPs. In addition to phosphatidylserine exposure, protein-lipid raft domains are formed and furnish the MP with its specificities and biological roles [12] (Figure 1).
The cellular origin of MPs can be determined by assessment of the antigens that they expose at their surface. However, the complete protein content of MPs remains difficult to establish. More than 300 proteins have been reported by proteomics, some of which are cytosolic and some membranous [13]. The MP phenotype is, however, known to vary according to cellular origin and parental cell response to stimulus [7, 14].
Microparticle survival and clearance
Although bearing phosphatidylserine, which is a signal for phagocytosis, MPs seem to survive longer than their parental apoptotic cell, probably because of their size, which does not allow optimal exposure of a cluster of senescence signals. Dasgupta and colleagues [15] recently described the major role of lactadherin in the removal of phosphatidylserine-expressing platelet MPs from human plasma. Lactadherin is a macrophage opsonin that mediates the clearance of apoptotic lymphocytes and knockout lactadherin (-/-) mice have increased levels of circulating platelet MPs and a hypercoagulable state; lactadherin supplementation restores the normal clearance of MPs. To date, there are no data on the effect of MP clearance on the haemostatic balance under physiological or pathological settings.
Microparticles as messengers in blood flow
As mediators of cellular communication, MPs are actors and possible mediators in the interplay between throm-bosis and inflammation, a process previously described for vascular injury in inflammatory diseases [5]. They can transfer receptors, organelles, mRNA and other proteins to target cells [16] and also comprise a secretion pathway for several cytokines, such as mature IL-1β [17]. The multiple properties of MPs and the variety of their possible cellular targets support them having a key role in cell reprogramming and tissue remodeling with physiological or pathological consequences [4]. Thus, MPs could play a major role in propagating proinflammatory and procoagulant states in sepsis. In the vascular compartment, including the arterial wall, the particular settings of sepsis and the tuning abilities of MPs point to the endothelium as a pivotal target [18, 19].
How to detect and measure microparticles?
The International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) provides information on technical procedures and recommendations for the detection and measurement of MPs. Although no standardized procedures for MP measurement are available yet, a consensus is forming on blood sampling and MP isolation by centrifugation steps that avoid exosome contamination of MP samples [20]. Several assays and phenotyping methods coexist, but these are not necessarily comparable, thus making the interpretation of results across studies difficult. MPs can be analyzed through capture techniques (using immobilized annexin V - a high affinity probe for phosphatidylserine - quantitative assessment, or insolubilized antibodies for phenotyping) combined with a functional prothrombinase assay. Flow cytometry is another method for the study of MPs. This method allows quantification and determination of cellular origin via the use of specific fluorescent antibodies and calibration beads. The protein content of MPs can also be assayed and expressed in molecular mass units [21]. Caution should be taken in the interpretation of MP analyses, taking into account the pitfalls of each method and the purpose of the experiment or clinical investigation. Furthermore, control cohorts are of prime importance in clinical investigations of MP pattern variations.
Microparticles as a player in coagulation disorders of sepsis
In the defence against pathogens, haemostasis is as fundamentally important as innate immunity and complement- mediated cell lysis. Haemostasis is activated during sepsis and septic shock, leading to thrombin and fibrin generation with dual effects: limitation of pathogen diffusion and invasion; and fibrin deposition in vessels, resulting in thrombotic microangiopathy or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. As detailed above, MPs are efficient effectors in the haemostatic response and pathogenic markers of thrombotic disorders (Figure 2).
Microparticles and thrombin generation
Thrombin generation requires activation of coagulation factors, which is made possible after their assembly on a catalytic surface constituted of anionic phospholipids. Cell activation constitutes the first step by furnishing exposed phosphatidylserine with a negative charge. The required remodelling of plasma membrane, resulting in phosphatidylserine translocation to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, occurs in platelets, endothelial cells and monocytes at sites of vascular damage or injury. Calcium ion-mediated interactions between gamma-carboxyl groups of vitamin-K-dependent factors and phosphatidylserine comprise the key step in this assembly, explaining the efficacy of anti-vitamin K treatments in hypercoagulable states [22].
At the monocyte surface a possible encrypted preformed TF would be de-encrypted by plasma membrane remodelling, thereby allowing the (auto-)activation of factor VII. Indeed, TF expression at the surface of monocyte-derived MPs has been demonstrated during in vitro endotoxin stimulation [23]. Although TF is the primary initiator of blood coagulation, whether there is a blood-borne TF (activity) is still debated, but there is growing evidence that this activity is directly tied to MPs [5, 24]. TF-bearing MPs can interact with neutrophil granulocytes by 'paracrine transfer', as demonstrated in vitro [25–27]. Circulating MPs bearing active TF have been associated with a thrombotic status in human meningococcal sepsis [28] and a primate Ebola fever model [29], pointing to their possible role in the dissemination of a procoagulant potential.
Microparticles and amplification loops in thrombin generation
TF-driven coagulation is under the control of Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), an inhibitory complex, with factor Xa and protein S as cofactors. Although this inhibits TF-induced thrombin generation, thrombin is still generated during the propagation phase via the Josso loop: platelet-exposed factor XI (of megakaryocytic origin) is activated by the GPIbα-thrombin complex present on the surface of activated platelets. Activated platelets, and released GPIbα-FXIa bearing MPs, may, in turn, be responsible for increased thrombin generation [30–32]. In addition to blood-borne TF conveyed by MPs, polymorphonuclear (PMN)-derived MPs likely contribute to an additional amplification loop in the generation of thrombin mediated by MPs (Figure 2).
MPs could contribute to such amplification loops in sepsis. Indeed, ex vivo activation of human neutrophils by endotoxin, platelet activating factor or phorbol myristate acetate can generate MPs bearing active integrin αMβ2 (CD11b/CD18), which is able to activate GPIbα [33, 34].
Microparticles in the control of thrombin generation, cytoprotection and tissue remodelling
Interestingly, several cellular models showed that αMβ2 exposed at the MP surface can interact with other ligands, such as urokinase plasminogen activator, plasminogen and metalloproteases MMP-2 and -5, suggesting a role in fibrinolysis and in local tissue remodelling [30, 34, 35]. MPs may also display antithrombotic activities, which would be overwhelmed by procoagulant activities when MPs are released under highly thrombotic conditions, as observed during sepsis or myocardial infarction. Indeed, in purified monocyte suspensions, thrombomodulin anticoagulant activity and TF coexist at the MP surface, but when released by lipopolysaccharide treatment, the TF activity is predominant on MPs [31]. The presence of the anticoagulant endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) at the surface of endothelial-derived MPs (mpEPCR) is another example of a cytoprotective element attached to MPs [32]; EPCR is involved in the activation of anticoagulant protein C by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. mpEPCR, released in response to activated protein C (APC), may switch the procoagulant properties of endothelial MPs to anticoagulant and anti-apoptotic properties. On the surface of MPs bearing mpEPCR, APC inactivates procoagulant cofactors factor Va and factor VIIIa, thereby down-regulating thrombin generation. Because a circulating soluble form of EPCR (sEPCR) has been described in sepsis, and its concentration possibly correlates with the severity of the illness, the respective contributions of mpEPCR and sEPCR is a matter of clinical relevance. sEPCR binds protein C and APC, thereby blunting their actions. The efficacy of therapeutic activated protein C (rhAPC; drotrecogin alfa (activated)) may depend on the balance between circulating sEPCR and mpEPCR [32]. Recent investigations in human endothelial cells reported that free rhAPC and rhAPC bound to mpEPCR have similar effects. rhAPC cleaves protease activated receptor-1 and induces significant changes in the activation/inhibition of genes with direct anti-apoptotic effects or indirect cell barrier protective effects, the latter requiring transactivation of KDR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/kinase insert domain receptor) via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway and S1P1 (sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor) [36].
In sepsis, procoagulant MPs of endothelial, platelet, erythroid, and leukocyte origins have been reported [28, 37].
Microparticles as potential effectors in the inflammatory response of sepsis
Circulating MPs have been reported to be present in various inflammatory diseases, including sepsis [7]. MPs are a source of phospholipids, a substrate for phosphor-lipase A2, which facilitates platelet aggregation [38, 39]; they may also provoke vascular inflammation during sepsis via lysophosphatidic acid and facilitate chemo-tactic migration of platelets and/or leukocytes to the endothelium, thus playing the role of trigger in the production of monocyte cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-α) [8, 40, 41] (Figure 3).
Microparticles targeting the endothelial function
During sepsis, the endothelial function is altered and the endothelial surface becomes proadhesive, procoagulant and antifibrinolytic [42]. The endothelium is one of the primary targets of circulating MPs, as demonstrated by Barry and colleagues [43]in vitro. Indeed, they showed that arachidonic acid exposed by platelet MPs promotes the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and intercellular adhesion molecules in endothelial cells. Platelet-derived MPs have been shown to modulate interactions between monocytes and endothelial cells. Released proinflammatory endothelial cytokines may themselves also contribute to the production of MPs [44], thereby amplifying the inflammatory response and the consecutive alteration of the vascular function [45]. Platelet activating factor present in endothelial cells and leukocytes is also involved in the proinflammatory effect of MPs [46].
Endothelial microparticles and inflammatory status
Circulating MPs of endothelial origin may thus vary with respect to quantity and phenotype according to the endothelial response and have been reported in inflammatory diseases and disorders [47]; the endothelial response to inflammation stimuli may be immediate, delayed or reflect a chronic endothelial activation. They were reported to participate in the regulation of arterial tone in several diseases in which oxidative stress is involved, such as human acute coronary syndromes [48] or preeclampsia [49] associated with altered NO bioavailability [50].
Sepsis induces a phenotypic change of the endothelium and the endothelial surface becomes proinflammatory, expresses cell adhesion molecules (intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) [51] and becomes prothrombotic through the increased expression of membrane TF and the inhibition of thrombomodulin and EPCR synthesis. In parallel, endothelial cells become capable of recruiting and activating platelets [52].
Microparticles contribute to the spreading of inflammatory and prothrombotic vascular status
MPs may be considered as both the cause and the consequence of inflammatory diseases through multiple amplification and regulatory loops affecting vascular cell functions. In vitro incubation of leukocyte-derived MPs with endothelial cells allowed Mesri and Altieri [53] to demonstrate their role in the secretion of inflammatory IL-6 and in the production of TF [54]. Furthermore, platelet MPs are able to deliver RANTES at the inflamed endothelium, thus promoting leukocyte recruitment and diapedesis [55]. MPs may affect the smooth muscle tissue through the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and favour the expression of inducible NO-synthase and COX-2, resulting in an increase in NO and vasodilator prostanoids, leading to arterial hyporeactivity [45].
The interactions between platelets, leukocytes and endothelium clearly contribute to the vascular dysfunction observed in sepsis and various MPs were reported to alter the arterial wall directly or indirectly [56, 57].
Endothelial MPs may play a role in the spread of sepsis inflammatory responses leading to multiple organ dys-function [18, 58]. They may participate in the potentialisation of the procoagulant state associated with sepsis by providing renewed lipid surfaces of human endothelial cells for the generation of thrombin and by up-regulating monocyte TF expression, as demonstrated in vitro [59]. In sepsis, blockade of the human TF pathway by TFPI is very quickly overridden, clearing the way for a detrimental procoagulant state [28]. Indeed, in humans, a single endotoxin administration provokes a significant increase in endothelial-cell- or monocyte-derived MPs displaying potentiated TF [60]. This state is worsened by the exhaustion and/or faulty activation of the two other regulatory molecules, antithrombin and APC.
Several reports illustrate well the cascade of interwoven events that link cellular activation, TF up-regulation, the release of MPs presenting active TF and the triggering of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and shock [28, 29]. With regard to vascular tone, MPs could promote the significant vasoplegia observed in septic shock [8]. Arachidonic acid transfer may up-regulate COX-2 expression and the production of prostacyclin, which is implicated in vasodilation and the inhibition of platelet activation [32].
Microparticles and oxidative stress
During sepsis, generated MPs are involved in the modification of the oxidative status; they form microaggregates with circulating neutrophil granulocytes and markedly increase oxidative activity [8]. Subunits of NADPH oxidase have been identified in endothelial- and platelet-derived MPs associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species [18, 61] (Figure 3).
The systemic inflammatory response that is a characteristic feature of sepsis is a major cause of cellular dysfunction that may lead to the exaggerated generation of MPs. These plasma membrane fragments are circulating markers of vascular inflammatory diseases. They also behave as pathogenic shuttles able to disseminate their deleterious proinflamatory and procoagulant potential in the systemic circulation and may be implicated in the multiple organ dysfunction characterizing sepsis and septic shock. To date, however, we have insufficient evidence to determine whether MPs are major players or bystanders in the development of the sepsis syndrome.
activated protein C
endothelial protein C receptor
microparticle endothelial protein C receptor
nuclear factor
nitric oxide
therapeutic activated protein C
soluble endothelial protein C receptor
tissue factor
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor.
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Mesri M, Altieri DC: Endothelial cell activation by leukocyte microparticles. J Immunol 1998, 161: 4382-4387.
- 54.
Mesri M, Altieri DC: Leukocyte microparticles stimulate endothelial cell cytokine release and tissue factor induction in a JNK1 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 1999, 274: 23111-23118. 10.1074/jbc.274.33.23111
- 55.
Mause SF, von Hundelshausen P, Zernecke A, Koenen RR, Weber C: Platelet microparticles: a transcellular delivery system for RANTES promoting monocyte recruitment on endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005, 25: 1512-1518. 10.1161/01.ATV.0000170133.43608.37
- 56.
Morel O, Hugel B, Jesel L, Lanza F, Douchet MP, Zupan M, Chauvin M, Cazenave JP, Freyssinet JM, Toti F: Sustained elevated amounts of circulating procoagulant membrane microparticles and soluble GPV after acute myocardial infarction in diabetes mellitus. Thromb Haemost 2004, 91: 345-353.
- 57.
Pfister SL: Role of platelet microparticles in the production of thromboxane by rabbit pulmonary artery. Hypertension 2004, 43: 428-433. 10.1161/01.HYP.0000110906.77479.91
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Densmore JC, Signorino PR, Ou J, Hatoum OA, Rowe JJ, Shi Y, Kaul S, Jones DW, Sabina RE, Pritchard KA Jr, Guice KS, Oldham KT: Endothelium-derived microparticles induce endothelial dysfunction and acute lung injury. Shock 2006, 26: 464-471. 10.1097/01.shk.0000228791.10550.36
- 59.
Brodsky SV, Malinowski K, Golightly M, Jesty J, Goligorsky MS: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promotes formation of endothelial microparticles with procoagulant potential. Circulation 2002, 106: 2372-2378. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000033972.90653.AF
- 60.
Aras O, Shet A, Bach RR, Hysjulien JL, Slungaard A, Hebbel RP, Escolar G, Jilma B, Key NS: Induction of microparticle- and cell-associated intravascular tissue factor in human endotoxemia. Blood 2004, 103: 4545-4553. 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0713
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Janiszewski M, Do Carmo AO, Pedro MA, Silva E, Knobel E, Laurindo FR: Platelet-derived exosomes of septic individuals possess proapoptotic NAD(P)H oxidase activity: A novel vascular redox pathway. Crit Care Med 2004, 32: 818-825. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000114829.17746.19
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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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All authors participated in the design of this review and in drafting the manuscript. FM and FT supervised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Meziani, F., Delabranche, X., Asfar, P. et al. Bench-to-bedside review: Circulating microparticles - a new player in sepsis?. Crit Care 14, 236 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1186/cc9231
- Tissue Factor
- Thrombin Generation
- Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
- Drotrecogin Alfa
- Tissue Factor Expression


text:
Safety and the Company Culture RequirementDownload Webinar Slides
Join Cline Wood University as we discuss Safety and the Company Culture Requirement. Dan Baker, nationally known speaker, teacher and consultant to the trucking industry, will discuss the importance of having a healthy Company Safety Culture in place – including why a strong, well-maintained culture is a mandatory requirement for retaining good drivers and avoiding accidents.
The Agenda will include topics such as:
• Establishing the foundation of Safety. It all begins at home and ends at home. The foundation perspective.
• People Problems in the trucking organizational setup. How company structure affects the dispatcher/driver relationship: Inside the Wall/Outside the Wall.
• The Law Of Perception: How that impacts how people feel as well as how safely they perform.
• The Corridor of Entry: The six processes a driver survives from being recruited to being on a truck.
• The impact feelings and attitudes have on the overall safety culture of your company.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Youth Ministry ministers to youth aged 12 to 18 (Primary 6 to JC2/Poly Year 2/etc) in Fairfield.
Our desire is for the youth to grow deep in the Word, walk closely with the Lord in their discipleship, and become more like Christ each day.
The work of the ministry includes worship, small group Bible study, mentoring, and fellowship.
We meet every Sunday at 9am and begin with a time of worship, followed by announcements.
After that, the youths break into age-level small groups till 10:20am. At 10:30am the youths are encouraged to attend the English service with their families and peers.
For more information about upcoming events or activities, please check out:
our Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/ffmcym/
or follow us on Instagram @ffmc.ym


text: Hang Nga Guesthouse and Gallery in Dalat, Vietnam is better known as The Crazy House and it's not hard to see why. The base of the guesthouse was built to resemble a giant tree, but more of a scary horror movie tree than a friendly fairyland tree. The whole structure is riddled with unexpected twists and turns, rooms where one least expects them, organically shaped windows, and animals. Stone animals, that is, like bears, giraffes, and spiders.


text:
The Great Korean Empire wrote:Your Nation's Nickname: The Great Korean Empire or GKE
Character Name (can be different than nation name): Lee Hyunsik
URL to Character Picture or a few sentences about what they look like: http://s13.postimg.org/w5l4gp5fr/Character10.jpg
Character Species (nation personification, human, alien, etc): Human
Character Powers/Special Abilities (if any): Flames of Purgatory, Absolute Space, Master Swordsmanship, Enhanced Condition
Character Weaknesses/Flaws: Prefers working alone, if pushed too far he can gain a fiercely, intense angry personality, is headstrong and is very prejudice against just about all demons and anyone siding with them, often underestimates non-demon/mystical opponents,
Character Background: His parents moved with him at the age of 15 looking for a more peaceful and quieter life. However his parents were brutally murdered by a vile, monstrous bull-like demon that smelled like life itself was rotting. He was then recruited by his Uncle into a demon hunting organization known as Eden where he discovered he had the powers of the Flames of Purgatory and Absolute Space due to him being part of a ancient lineage. During his time training in Eden he grew much stronger physically and grew more skillful in weapons and hand-to-hand combat where he took the sword on as his weapon. Lee has a protective and supportive as well as a stoic personality. Lee is a highly intelligent individual who is calm even in dangerous situations. His charisma and beliefs in justice gain him the trust and respect of many people for better or for worse. He never cared about schoolwork, seeing the entire thing as trivial, even though his intellect would make it easy for him. In a fight, Lee is very cold and tactical, he is willing to sacrifice anyone who ends up standing in his way, if that is what it takes to achieve the objective. In fact during a battle it also appears that he often enjoys the battle as if it is something exciting, yet he appears completely calm and normal in other situations. Despite his coldness and ruthlessness in battle, he does have some measure of honor (to foes non-demon in origin) and is found to be a kind and compassionate person to his friends and loved ones. He is at times found to be comically clueless.
Additional Notes: None
URL to Apartment Picture: http://freshome.com/2008/03/03/beautiful-apartment/
Link to RP examples: http://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f=31&t=242593&start=550
Refresh my memory on Flames of Purgatory and Absolute Space. I can't remember what they did.
And now... it is time. I have finally finished eating that stupid chicken thigh, and now I can go to sleep. Goodnight Peeps!


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John Blum: Who Begat Eye
This set of solo pieces was recorded in a single day's session on the 22nd of June 2008. Its tune titles are lifted from "Lineage," the Ted Hughes poem. It's intensified. It's condensed. It's compacted. It's impacted. It's unavoidable to invoke the name of Cecil Taylor as a stylistic precedent. Or maybe Don Pullen. Blum plays with such forcefulness and rapidity that these short-ish outbursts sound like Conlon Nancarrow's player piano rolls, interpreted via human hands, freed up into a liquid state.
Blum is darker than Taylor, exploring a deeper timbre. He makes slashing strokes across the keyboard, laterally pile-driving, adopting different speeds, clusters and event-groupings. He really sounds like he's released his mind from all conventionally governing principles. His fast detail is delivered with a manic attack. Showers, sprays, mini-tantrums. He possesses high control and a vast lexicon. The sequence of improvisations sounds like some bastardized classical recital. Blum is truly a virtuoso percussionist. He sounds as though he's realizing structures in his head, as if in narrative overdrive, keying in tongues.
Track Listing
Who Begat Eye; Who Begat Fear; Who Begat Wing; Who Begat Bone; Who Begat Granite; Who Begat Sweat; Who Begat Nothing; Who Begat Never; Never Never Never.
John Blum: piano.
Album information
Title: Who Begat Eye | Year Released: 2010 | Record Label: Konnex Records


text:
More layoffs as major merger continues
Layoffs continue at DuPont Pioneer in Johnston as the company begins a proposed merger with Dow Chemical. The new combined company will be called DowDupont.
Iowa Workforce Development confirmed about 175 jobs have been cut since a merger with Dow Chemical Company was announced in December. A spokesperson reported 10 percent of the workforce would be impacted.
Efforts are being made to bring headquarters to Iowa.
Gov. Terry Branstad hosted a meeting with DowDupont officials at Terrace Hill, the State Economic Development Director and Johnston Mayor traveled to Delaware and Senator Chuck Grassley said he has called on the company to sell them on the value of the assets they have in Iowa at a town hall meeting Monday.
Branstad told KCCI he is optimistic about the company's future in Iowa. The merger, creating the largest agrochemical and seed company, is still subject to regulatory approval.


text:
Patient Safety Act (July 2005)
The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (Patient Safety Act) amended Title IX of the Public Health Service Act. The statute provides for the improvement of patient safety and the reduction of the incidence of events that adversely affect patient safety.
See GPO.gov for online reference to the Patient Safety Act.


text:
Growth Trends for Related Jobs
A training consultant is a professional who performs needs assessments for organizations, then designs and facilitates employee or customer training materials and programs. Training can include a variety of topics to meet an organization's needs.
This occupation typically requires a bachelor's degree in instructional design, education or a related discipline.
Materials Development
These professionals develop materials used for training. They include instructional materials for trainers to use as well as training materials for students. This material is developed based on the organization's needs.
These professionals train corporate instructors regarding how to train employees or customers, and may also deliver instructional classroom sessions to employees and customers.
Job Outlook
The Bureau of Labor Statistics expects a 23 percent increase for training and development specialists between 2008 and 2018, and says, "Demand may be particularly strong for certain specialists. For example, employers are expected to devote greater resources to job-specific training programs in response to the increasing complexity of many jobs and technological advances that can leave employees with obsolete skills."
As of July 2010, CB Salary listed a national average salary of $67,136 per year for this occupation.


text:
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- Classroom Resources | Grades K – 5 | Calendar Activity |  July 11
Author E.B. White was born on this day in 1899.
Author E.B. White, most well-known for his famous children's book, Charlotte's Web, received high acclaim and awards for many of his works of fiction.
- Classroom Resources | Grades 2 – 5 | Lesson Plan | Standard Lesson
Blogging in the Primary Grades? Yes, Indeed!
Give students an authentic reason to read and write by researching blogs written by their peers around the world and then writing their own.
- Classroom Resources | Grades 1 – 2 | Lesson Plan | Standard Lesson
It's Okay to Be Different: Teaching Diversity With Todd Parr
All kinds of characters will enjoy this lesson that celebrates diversity by discussing what makes everyone unique and special.
- Classroom Resources | Grades K – 2 | Lesson Plan | Standard Lesson
Our Community: Creating ABC Books as Assessment
Students create alphabet books, which are used as an integrated assessment with science, health, social studies, and any other content area. This lesson plans looks at the theme of community.
- Professional Development | Grades K – 5 | Strategy Guide
Persuasive Writing
This strategy guide focuses on persuasive writing and offers specific methods on how you can help your students use it to improve their critical writing and thinking skills.
- Classroom Resources | Grades K – 2 | Lesson Plan | Unit
Teaching Audience Through Interactive Writing
Through interactive writing, students work together and then independently to create invitation letters for a group of their peers and their families.
- Classroom Resources | Grades K – 5 | Student Interactive | Writing Poetry
Theme Poems
Formerly known as Shape Poems, this online tool allows elementary students to write poems in various shapes.
- Classroom Resources | Grades K – 5 | Mobile App | Writing Poetry
Theme Poems
Users learn about and write theme poems, a poem written within the shape of the subject of the poem.


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Boiler Repairs in based in Rainhill, St Helens
If you've experienced boiler breakdown, let us help to get your boiler back up and running once again! Here at AGL Heating and Plumbing Engineers, we offer boiler repairs across St. Helens, Warrington, Rainhill, Widnes, Altrincham, Hale Barns and all other surrounding areas. If you'd like to get in touch about our services, please do so by simply giving us a call on, 0151 532 0182 or 07977 806 175.
Boiler Repairs in St. Helens, Warrington, Widnes, Altrincham & Hale Barns
Below you'll find different ways to get in touch, so if you believe your boiler is in need of repair, just get in touch! We would be more than happy to help. If you'd like to find out about our other services, see our services page.
Need Our Boiler Repairs Services?
Are you based in St. Helens, Rainhill, Warrington, Widnes, Altrincham, Hale Barns and all other surrounding areas? If so and you believe our boiler is in need of repair, please get in touch! You can reach us by simply giving us a call on, or by sending us an email via our email address at, firstname.lastname@example.com. Alternatively, and if you'd much prefer, you can use the contact form on our website to send us a message. If you'd like to see our work please visit our gallery page. To read the reviews we're received, please see our reviews page.


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Emad Salameh
Emad is a qualified lawyer and has previously practiced as a licensed lawyer before all courts in Jordan and prior to joining Al Tamimi, practiced in Saudi Arabia since 2007 as a senior legal consultant in a leading Saudi law firm associated with an international law firms.
He has experience in restructuring and privatization projects, corporate/commercial matters, disputes resolution. He represented clients in commercial and construction litigation and assisted clients in drafting contracts and agreements, establishing new legal entities, negotiations, and providing pertinent legal opinions.
- Acted for several Saudi government authorities in reviewing and analyzing different laws and regulations, suggesting the required amendments and providing legal support.
- Acted for several local & international companies, Banks and law firms in providing them with the required legal support related to their business in the Middle East in relation to the establishment of their legal presence in KSA, the Litigation and/or Arbitration proceedings, and enforcement of foreign/domestic judgments/arbitral awards in accordance with the applicable KSA Laws.
- Acted for the Ministry of Water & Electricity "MoWE" and the National Water Company "NWC" in Saudi Arabia in the privatization of the Water and Wastewater Sector in six cities: Jeddah, Makkah, Taif, Madinah, Dammam and Al-Khobar. These Projects included conducting several legal due diligence studies, recommending several changes in law, and drafting long term management contracts.
- Acted for the Grain Silos and Flour Mills Organization (GSFMO) in Saudi Arabia in its restructuring and privatization project, during a period of 7 years (2008-2015). This mega Project included incorporating four joint stock companies (Holding Companies) and drafting several laws and regulations.
- Acted for the legal department of the NWC in Saudi Arabia in providing legal opinions and drafting memos and legal responses related to the disputes arising from its construction contracts all over the KSA.
- Arabic
- English
2005 – LLM., University of the West of England
2004 – Diploma Intellectual Proporty Law, WIPO
2000 – Bachelor of Law, University of Jordan
2000 – Jordan Bar Association


text:
- Mon, 13:57: If @ERBofHistory was going to lose #YTMA Artist of the Year to anyone, I'm glad it was Eminem. Still sucks, but congrats on the nomination!
- Mon, 18:59: RT @BDRAnneLewis: My dad is playing Assassin's Creed IV. Upon meeting Stede Bonnet he asked, "Do I get to kill him?" No Dad. Stede is your …
- Mon, 20:39: RT @RealNichelle: I'm VERIFIED! Finally!! Thank you to everyone that helped convince TPTB that I really AM the Real Nichelle!
My tweets
- Post a new comment
- 0 comments
- Post a new comment
- 0 comments


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Dear Reader states that, in public places (such as libraries, bookstores or flea markets), the book also takes a public function of mediation with the audience. We believe in the book's capacity as a vehicle of ideas.
This project consists in spreading messages directly to people, by distributing letters in between the pages of books of random book shops or libraries in different cities. In each city we address diverse issues, in order to include various political and cultural contexts.
Each envelope is addressed to the reader with the sentence "Dear Reader", transforming him/her into an active audience.
With Greta Rusttt


text:
Schedule Tasks with Ease
Schedule everything from your Regular/Daily Tasks to those Periodical Tasks so that your team never miss a thing.
Scheduling Tasks in freshOps means you can now ensure your team know exactly what is required of them each and every day, regardless of the frequency a task is performed
Schedule Tasks in either daily, weekly, to specific days each week, periodically across the month and onto specific Visits. Your client will never need to question whether that monthly task has been completed. Your team will no longer overlook or forget to perform a task.
Even use Tasks to ensure team members complete security and safety measures. Tasks can also be commented on by your team, if they were not completed, so that you no longer have to call them to find out why they didn't do something.
Set Alerts to notify if specific Tasks aren't completed.
Create & Schedule Tasks to reflect your Scope of Works or Simply the important Critical Tasks you want to ensure your team complete.
Help your Team learn in the Field. Upload Instructions or Standard Operating Procedures on how to complete a Specific Task, so that the team have access to them every time that Task is due. Expand on written SOP's by linking to You Tube Content about how to complete a Task, so that your team can simple watch it from their mobile device.
Create Task Templates so that you can use them over and over again ensuring across all your Sites, Tasks are performed in the same way. When you update a procedure, change a chemical range etc, update the SOP in the Task Template and have that procedure update across the whole business.
Tag individual Tasks into Groups that can be pulled into new sites with ease based on their Location, Task Type, Standard Tasks


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Historical notes:
Distinguishing features:
These are smaller plants than the other Western Australian species, with
fewer but glossier and flat leaves, and smaller cones. They are also
seldom arborescent.
Distribution and habitat:
South-western Australia, from Dwellingup to Albany and west to the coast.
Widespread and abundant as an understorey plant in jarrah forest.
Conservation status:
Not considered to be at risk (IUCN Red List category LR,lc).
Plants acaulescent or arborescent (rarely), stem 0-0.3 m tall, 25-40
cm diam.
Leaves 12-30 in crown, bright green to deep green, semiglossy to
highly glossy, 121-220 cm long, slightly keeled to flat in section
(opposing leaflets inserted at 130-180° on rachis), with 92-150 leaflets;
rachis not spirally twisted, straight, stiff; petiole 18-50 cm long,
straight, spinescent; basal leaflets reducing to spines.
Leaflets simple, weakly discolorous; margins flat; apex entire,
spinescent; median leaflets 230-480 mm long, 7.5-11 mm wide.
Pollen cones fusiform, 29-41 cm long, 11-15 cm diam.; microsporophyll
lamina 32-50 mm long, 25-33 mm wide; apical spine 8-75 mm long.
Seed cones ovoid, 25-35 cm long, 14-18 cm diam.; megasporophyll
lamina 80 mm long, megasporophyll with an expanded peltate apex 70 mm wide, 23
mm high.


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Welcome to the Elements of Numbers web-blog. This site allows you to learn and share your analytical skills using the "Elements of Numbers" (EON) method. Consider this site as a community and learning portal.
If you are already familiar with the "Powers of Numbers" (PON) or "Universal Character Method Profiling" (UCM), I recommend you to check out my book "Elements of Numbers: Fast and Easy Character Profiling"
If you know Numerology, Astrology, Bazi, Feng Shui, and other Metaphysics Science, the EON method can complement your profiling analysis on a person quickly.
The EON method is useful for Human Behavioral profiling. You can also use EON to complement other character, personality, and psychological profiling methods like Enneagram, DISC, MBTI, RMP and RSMP.
I've posted regular articles to complement the information described in my book. Get a copy of my book now if you want to learn how to perform a fast and easy character profiling for you and others. It is still cheaper than attending a course!
And to all my valued readers and visitors – your comments and contributions are welcome! As I am constantly upgrading my knowledge on the EON method, my first book is just the beginning of a journey of discovery, and a learning experience for me. If you learned something from this site or my book, do spread the good feelings around to others.
I look forward to your active participation and contributions.


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CHICAGO – Yes Virginia, there still is live theater. The Possibilities Theatre presents "Free Space," a play by Tara Meddaugh via Zoom and special live performances (weather permitting) in its final weekend October 29th-31st, 2020. For more information, including tickets, click here.!—break—>
Kevin Costner
Film Review: Aaron Sorkin's Directorial Debut in 'Molly's Game'Submitted by PatrickMcD on December 26, 2017 - 1:58pm
CHICAGO – High stakes poker are for folks who prefer to get their rush of adrenalin from the turn of a card rather than other life risks. The positives, the negatives and everything in between are in "Molly's Game," the feature directorial debut of Aaron Sorkin ("The West Wing" creator). Let's walk and talk.
Film Review: Brainiac Fulfillment is the Key to 'Hidden Figures'Submitted by PatrickMcD on December 25, 2016 - 10:03am
CHICAGO – In America, there is the history we have, and the history that we want to have happened. "Hidden Figures" falls into the second category, but it's presented in such a way that it fulfills the goal – tell an amazing story about a group of African American women who helped launch men into space.
Exclusive Red-Carpet Portraits: Taraji P. Henson at 52nd Chicago International Film FestivalSubmitted by PatrickMcD on October 26, 2016 - 8:47pm
CHICAGO – Popular actress Taraji P. Henson ("Hustle & Flow," "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button") was showcased at the 52nd Chicago International Film Festival on October 23rd, 2016, as she walked the Red Carpet and presented highlights from her upcoming film, "Hidden Figures."
HollywoodChicago.com Hookup: 35 Pairs of Passes to 'Criminal' With Kevin Costner, Ryan ReynoldsSubmitted by HollywoodChicago.com on April 11, 2016 - 9:40am
CHICAGO – In the latest HollywoodChicago.com Hookup: Film, we have 35 pairs of advance-screening movie passes up for grabs to the new crime drama "Criminal" starring Kevin Costner and Ryan Reynolds!
Oscar Week Feature: Top 20 Interviews of 2015, by Patrick McDonaldSubmitted by PatrickMcD on February 24, 2016 - 3:11pm
CHICAGO –The movers, the shakers, the prominent filmmakers – they've all gone through the interview filter by Patrick McDonald of HollywoodChicago.com. What better way to celebrate Oscar week than to review the TOP 20 talks of the 2015, with many 2016 Oscar favorites among the celebrated.
Film Review: New Twist to Inspiring Sports Story in 'McFarland, USA'Submitted by PatrickMcD on February 23, 2015 - 12:35pm
CHICAGO – Sports stories are made for the underdog, and it is the conduit for many immigrants and minorities to break through to the American Dream. "McFarland, USA" takes that idea and runs with it, as a high school cross country team of Mexican immigrants head towards the finish line.
Film Review: Story Choices Aside, Heart Matters in 'Black or White'Submitted by PatrickMcD on January 29, 2015 - 9:18pm
CHICAGO – As race issues continue in the news, in the wake of Ferguson and "I Can't Breathe," the movies exhibit an extraordinary piece of timing with the new film "Black or White." Oscar winners Kevin Costner and Octavia Spencer participate in a story of family and healing.
Interview: Kevin Costner, Anthony Mackie & Director Mike Binder Ponder 'Black or White'Submitted by PatrickMcD on January 28, 2015 - 1:32pm
CHICAGO – Kevin Costner has come to represent a particular brand of Americana, for his roles in films like "Field of Dreams," "Dances with Wolves" "JFK" and recently as Pa Kent in "Man of Steel." His latest film is "Black or White."
HollywoodChicago.com Hookup: 30 Pairs of Passes to 'Black or White' With Kevin CostnerSubmitted by HollywoodChicago.com on January 25, 2015 - 4:04pm
CHICAGO – In the latest HollywoodChicago.com Hookup: Film, we have 30 pairs of advance-screening movie passes up for grabs to the new film "Black or White" starring Kevin Costner, Octavia Spencer, Anthony Mackie and introducing Jillian Estell!
Red-Carpet Video Interviews: Kevin Costner, Anthony Mackie & 'Black or White' Filmmaker Mike BinderSubmitted by HollywoodChicago.com on January 9, 2015 - 11:35pm
CHICAGO – HollywoodChicago.com publisher Adam Fendelman interviews Oscar winner Kevin Costner, Anthony Mackie (Falcon in "Captain America: The Winter Soldier") and director Mike Binder at the Chicago red carpet premiere of "Black or White".


text:
Aris Malo, DVM,* clears the air about IB variants, the challenges of control programs and the value of using a Protectotype strategy with vaccines of different serotypes.
Q:How big of a problem is infectious bronchitis (IB)?
AM: IB remains a highly infectious, common and costly disease in commercial poultry around the world. The virus can spread through an entire flock in only 1 or 2 days, causing widespread morbidity and variable mortality.
Q: What are the common manifestations of the IB virus?
AM: The disease starts in the respiratory tract and can cause respiratory signs such as gasping, coughing and nasal discharge, but the virus can also spread quickly throughout the bird, affecting the reproductive tract and kidneys.
Q:What are the economic losses that occur due to IB?
AM: In broilers, producer losses
from IB occur due to poor
growth and feed conversion,
secondary bacterial infections
that require antibiotic treatment
and increased condemnations
at slaughter.
In layers and breeders, egg production and quality are adversely affected. Losses from kidney damage can occur in broilers, layers and breeders.
Q: Why is IB so difficult to control?
AM: New IB serotypes are
emerging all the time. The
genetic makeup of the IB virus
can be altered by spontaneous
mutation or by recombination,
which is the exchange of
genetic information with
another genome.
Many of the IB virus-variant strains that develop don't survive long enough to become a problem, but some do, and those are the ones we have to worry about — the surviving, pathogenic variants.
Q:What new variants are the most important?
AM: One is the variant known as IB 4/91, which is found in many parts of the world, including Europe. Another is called QX — it's thought that this variant originated in China, then spread to Europe. It can lead to proventriculitis, severe kidney damage, permanent damage in the oviduct (resulting in so-called "false-layers") and poor egg production.
Q: There's been much discussion lately about developing a "Protectotype" protocol. What do scientists mean by that? And how does it relate to IB-management programs?
AM: Some IB virus serotypes are
able to cross-protect against
other IB serotypes; these have
become known as Protectotypes.
There's a reason for this. New IB
variants can arise due to very
small changes in the makeup of
the IB virus, but the rest of the
virus' genetic makeup remains
the same. This is why some
cross-protection is thought
to occur.
An example of a Protectotype protocol is one featuring the live vaccines Nobilis IB Ma5 and Nobilis IB 4/91. The Ma5 vaccine is based on the classical Massachusetts IB virus serotype, while the 4/91 vaccine is based on the 4/91 IB variant serotype. Used together, they can provide broad protection against an IB challenge.
Q: What evidence is there that the Protectotype protocol works?
"Many of the IB virus-variant strains that develop don't survive long enough to become a problem, but some do, and those are the ones we have to worry about — the surviving, pathogenic variants."
ArIs Malo, DVM
In one study, specific-pathogenfree chickens received Nobilis IB Ma5 at 1 day of age; it provided excellent protection against the USA Arkansas IB isolate and IB isolates from Brazil and Japan. Nobilis IB 4/91 used alone at 14 days of age protected against the same three isolates plus an IB isolate from Italy. However, the best cross-protection occurred when both vaccines were used and when Ma5 was administered before, rather than at the same time or following, the 4/91 vaccine.1
In 2008, Italian investigators concluded from their study that the use of these two vaccines may be "instrumental in reducing the economic impact of QX IB virus infections" on layer and broiler farms.2
Another study demonstrated that the 4/91 live strain used alone, and especially live Ma5 plus 4/91, protected well against a nephropathogenic IB virus (B1648) — a strain that attacks the kidneys.3
Q:What about field experience with the Protectotype protocol?
AM: The results from studies are
being proven true in the field.
A recent case occurred on two Middle Eastern broiler farms. One had been using only the Ma5 vaccine and the other was using H120 vaccine.
After the Protectotype protocol utilizing Nobilis IB Ma5 and Nobilis IB 4/91 was initiated, mortality on both farms declined and bodyweight improved.
More specifically, at one farm following just two cycles of the Protectotype protocol, mortality dropped from 35% to less than 8%. Furthermore, bodyweight increased from 1.406 grams to 1.600 grams — nearly 14% — and days until slaughter decreased from 36.05 to 34 days.
Q:Why not develop new vaccines for new strains that emerge?
AM: Developing a new vaccine for
every significant IB variant that
emerges would be impractical
and costly, especially in today's
regulatory environment. A recent
survey conducted in the UK
demonstrated that a wide variety
of IB strains is circulating, and the
situation is likely to be similar in
other European countries.
Because existing vaccines can effectively control many IB strains, it makes more sense to use what's already available.
Q:Could an IB H120 vaccine be used instead of an Ma5-strain vaccine as part of the Protectotype protocol?
AM: In some circumstances, an
IB H120-strain vaccine may be
adequate, but generally, field
results have been better when
the Ma5-strain vaccine is used.
Detailed genetic studies conducted in Brazil have demonstrated that even though H120 and Ma5 are both from the Massachusetts IB serotype, they differ. The Nobilis IB Ma5 strain's S1 subunit of the spike gene was found to be structurally different compared to an H120 strain. It's thought that this finding explains why the Nobilis IB Ma5 strain appears to be more immunogenic than H120.
As far back as the 1980s, a study conducted by Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health indicated that Ma5 may be more immunogenic than H120.4
Q:What if I also need to vaccinate against Newcastle disease?
AM: Nobilis IB Ma5 will not interfere with the Nobilis Clone 30 Newcastle disease vaccine. If other live-IB vaccines are used, they should be given 1 week apart from additional respiratory disease vaccines to prevent interference, which occurs when both vaccines compete for the same receptor sites in the trachea.
Q:Won't biosecurity and good husbandry practices keep IB under control?
AM: Biosecurity and good husbandry practices are crucial for control of IB but are seldom sufficient. They must be used along with IB vaccines — which must be administered properly to get the best results.References
1 Cook, J.K.a., et al. Breadth of protection of the respiratory tract provided by different live-attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccines against challenge with infectious bronchitis viruses of heterologous serotypes. Avian Pathology 1999:28;477-485.
2 Terregino, C., et al. Pathogenicity of a QX strain of infectious bronchitis virus in specific-pathogen-free and commercial broiler chickens, and evaluation of protection induced by a vaccination programme based on the Ma5 and 4/91 serotypes. Avian Pathology 2008:37; 487-493.
3 Cook, J.K.a., et al. Protection of chickens against renal damage caused by a nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus. Avian Pathology 2001:30;423-426.
4 Torres, C.a., universidade de são Paulo, Brazil, et al. on the molecular basis of the higher protection by nobilis IB Ma5 strain of IBV against infectious bronchitis when compared to H120. article on file at Intervet/schering-Plough animal Health.


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We live in one of the most pet friendly societies in the world. Go outside and the chances of you seeing someone walking their dog are pretty good. Beyond that, you might even own a dog or two yourself! Here at Rubber-Cal, we love dogs too and appreciate the fact that you care for your best friend. We aim to help you meet your animal care needs by providing durable rubber kennel flooring that is affordable and easy to clean.
A kennel is only as good as you make it. With the proper care and attention, a kennel can be a comfortable retreat for your dog when it gets tired of playing around. Otherwise, a kennel can be a miserable place that your dog might try to stay far away from. Installing dog-friendly flooring is one of the best ways to up your kennel's comfort factor. We know that, when it comes to your pup, the two things that matter most are its health and its happiness - when you install rubber kennel flooring, you'll be looking after both. Our inventory of kennel flooring options will make sure that your kennel area will be one that your dog will love to stay in.
There are many reasons why you should have rubber mats for dogs in your kennel area, but the most important reason should be for the comfort of your dog. Kennel areas often come without any dog-friendly flooring whatsoever. Whether it is because of budget constraints or simply due to the design of the kennel itself, it is regularly the case that the existing floors will be simple concrete or dirt. This is not comfortable for your dog at all. Concrete is a cold hard surface that provides no comfort for the animal's paws. In contrast, our rubber kennel mats are comfortable for dogs to stand and lay on. Rubber has a better degree of elasticity than concrete, meaning that a dog's paws are less likely to suffer from fatigue. Kennel flooring made of rubber also serves as a protective barrier between the existing surfaces of an area and the dog's paws. Your dog's nails might get chipped on concrete or dirt, but using rubber kennel mats will safeguard your pooch. Sometimes such accidents cause great pain to the animal and your wallet. Paws are much safer and comfortable when rubber kennel flooring is underneath them.
Additionally, rubber kennel flooring gives excellent insulation. This works both ways, in high and low temperatures. It is quite easy for concrete or asphalt surfacing to heat up to extreme temperatures during the course of a sunny day, which can make kennel flooring unbearable for a dog to stand on. Though they do not possess the words to voice it, such hot surfaces can injure your dog's sensitive paws. Getting proper kennel flooring is one way to ensure your pup's limbs remain cool and cushioned. Cold can also be a problem. Kennels are usually situated outside or in a garage. In winter or at night, these environments can be hit by freezing temperatures. Rubber is one of the best kennel flooring options because it also helps to insulate against this cold and make the floor temperature more comfortable.
Every owner knows that dogs are not the cleanest members of the animal kingdom. A lot of waste usually accompanies them, in both solid and liquid form. It can be tough to explain to your dog that its kennel flooring is not the right place to go! This is where rubber mats for dogs really excel. Luckily for you and other owners out there, our kennel mats are very easy to clean. Since our various kennel flooring options are made of rubber, they can easily be washed off with water. Rubber exhibits superior levels of resistance against moisture, meaning fluids cannot permeate the material and cause lasting issues. Our kennel mats are also very easy to handle and can be removed easily, allowing you to hose them down and put them back to work. Unlike other materials, rubber does not allow for moisture-related byproducts to form on its surface. In addition to repelling water, the rubber in our kennel flooring is safe to clean with common household soaps. This easy level of maintenance allows for very long-lasting dog-friendly flooring. Rubber kennel flooring is naturally prohibitive to the spread of molds and other bacterial agents, a definite advantage over lesser types of surfacing. With these benefits, our kennel flooring options do not just provide dog-friendly flooring – they offer owner-friendly flooring!
Our inventory of kennel flooring options is mostly made of eco-friendly natural and recycled rubbers. Whether you need to provide for a group of kennels or even if you only need to surface one, every dollar still counts. This is very beneficial to consumers because kennel mats made of recycled rubber are more affordable than those made of synthetic rubbers. This type of 'green' rubber is very desirable to have as kennel flooring because they have superior durability against physical abrasions. For example, they can handle the vigorous activity of an energetic animal without suffering any lasting damage to their surfaces. Rubber mats for dogs are meant to last and are readily available at a low competitive price.
Another benefit that comes with recycled rubber is its ability to resist harsh outdoor environments. With most kennels sitting outdoors, our kennel flooring and rubber mats for dogs have to be able to handle the outdoor elements if they are going to last. Recycled rubber is usually made from the rubber of vehicle tires. These tires often contain amounts of synthetic EPDM rubber in them. EPDM is known to have superior resistance against ozone and UV rays. They are commonly used in tires because tires are expected to be exposed to outdoor elements on a regular basis. Recycled rubber inherits this weather-resistant EPDM quality. Recycled rubber mats for dogs are perfect for use as kennel flooring. This eco-conscious dog-friendly flooring will not suffer from the cracks and discoloration that ozone and UV rays tend to cause in other materials. Since rubber also has a naturally high level of durability and elasticity, it only makes sense that it is better resistant to potential scratches and tears. Rest assured that, no matter the tenacity of your dog, your rubber flooring will provide a long-lasting and useable surfacing barrier for a long, long time.
On another practical level, dog-friendly flooring made from rubber can easily be cut to the correct size. In contrast to other frequently-used outdoor surfaces like concrete, rubber mats for dogs can be easily moved as and when you need to, making for extremely versatile kennel flooring options.
It is easy to see why kennel flooring is important to have. As the saying goes: "A dog is a man's best friend". Your dog is always there for you. Show your dog a little love by getting the proper kennel flooring installed in its resting area. Rubber kennel flooring offers an eco-friendly and affordable way to keep your dog safe and comfortable in the outdoors. Since they are easy to clean with water and soap, your overall workload will be reduced. This type of rubber flooring is also strong enough to handle the physical abrasions that come from your dogs as well as the more environmental ones that come from outdoor weather. Without any kennel flooring, your dog's home away from home is incomplete.


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The Longford SHC final has been scheduled for next Wednesday night at 8pm in Allen Park - which has led to Wolfe Tones players threatening to boycott the county senior squad if the fixture against Longford Slashers is not changed to a more suitable date, time and venue.
Wolfe Tones, who currently have eleven players involved with the county senior hurling set-up, have released a lengthy statement directed at the county board, arguing their case for playing the final at Glennon Brothers Pearse Park during daylight hours at the weekend while also highlighting player welfare issues.
The statement reads in full:
To the members of the Longford County Board,
The following email has been written on behalf of the Wolfe Tones senior hurling players in relation to the senior championship final, recently scheduled for Wednesday 23/09/20.
We as a group of players wish to state our opposition to the final being played on this date for the following reasons:
- We believe that the senior championship final should be played in the county ground, as has been the case in previous years and as will be the case for the football championship final. Due to the recent Covid-19 related announcements from the GAA, holding the final in a ground other than Pearse Park would also significantly impact the permitted attendance.
- We believe that the final should not be played under lights and should not be played midweek. All players have other commitments to fulfil and a large number of our players are currently working or studying in varying locations. This means players are being asked to travel significant distances after a days' work/study to play a county final. There is also concern that floodlights are not a safe standard to play hurling in Longford, potentially putting the player safety at risk.
- 10 of our players are also members of the local football club. These players are potentially being asked to play 3 championship games in 7 days, which again is a concern for player/welfare safety.
- We believe that a conversation should have been held with in an attempt to find a fixture date which works for both clubs involved. We are frustrated that this date was selected without consultation without consideration for the players involved.
The players wish to make it clear that we want nothing more than to represent our club in the county final. This is a goal we have worked towards since the start of the year. Given the unprecedented circumstances we have all experienced this year, hurling has acted as a means of maintaining social connections and the competitive element all athletes enjoy. We feel however that, given the aforementioned reasons among others, it is unrealistic to expect us to fulfil the fixture scheduled for Wednesday 23rd. We believe that hurling in Longford deserves to be treated with higher regard and with the respect that all football clubs similarly and rightly expect.
11 Wolfe Tones players are current members of the county senior hurling panel. If the county final is not changed to a daylight fixture on a weekend date, we have decided unanimously that we may have to resort to removing ourselves from the county panel. This is not a decision we take lightly and it is regrettable that we may be forced to make this decision. We welcome a discussion involving the relevant parties, and hope that this issue can be resolved meaning the senior championship can be contested in 2020.
On behalf of the Wolfe Tones senior hurling panel 2020.Tweet


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13 Sep 2017 |
Brendan Nicholls
A 'Sneaky Jesus song' may not be a religious tune, but when you listen to the lyrics it could be mistaken for one.
23 Aug 2017 |
Geraldine Martin
A liturgy on the theme of faith and belief to use in your school and parish.
16 Aug 2017 |
Emma Bayliss
Some words of wisdom to carry with you, to remind you that we're not alone in our journey.
16 Aug 2017 |
Anthony Flack
Anthony Flack, a Year 10 student at O'Loughlin Catholic College in Casuarina, NT, remembers one of the most important times of his life, and how family and faith helped him through it.
13 Aug 2017
Katelyn Swinsburg is dance coordinator for Ignite Conference in September. We asked her how being involved in Ignite Youth has changed her life.
09 Aug 2017 |
Kate Moriarty
I've got this. Don't worry. I've totally got this. I'll brave anything this day throws at me. Just so long as I don't have to ask anyone for help.
09 Aug 2017 |
Peter Fleming
A life of privilege beckoned, but it wasn't what this wealthy heiress desired.
09 Aug 2017 |
Hannah Dowling
Sister Mary mightn't be famous, or a person you're hanging for an autograph from, but she might be one of the most amazing people you will ever meet.
09 Aug 2017 |
Sarah Sona
My story started in Iraq, in a little village called Qaraqosh where I was born in 2004. Life was peaceful.
09 Aug 2017 |
Shaun Saldana
On Derrimut Road, Hoppers Crossing North, is a beautiful church called St James the Apostle. Depending on the time, in this church, you can meet the most just, compassionate person I have met in my 12 years of life (besides my parents of course).
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I would add Rat Terrier and German Shepherd. My German boredom barks. My Rat is just plain yappy. lol
Have you ever wondered whether some dogs gossip? Or whether some dog breeds do so more than others? You know, the dogs who like to hear their own voices, speak their minds — the talkative dogs? My guess is that these chatty canines do indulge in the exchange of personal information with the other talkative dogs in the apartment building or in the house next door. And don't even get them started at the dog park — a talkative dog is bound to air his grievances and catch up on the local lowdown for hours at this social gathering. And why shouldn't he? Talkative dogs have every right to broadcast their opinions and share their thoughts.
But talkative dogs don't limit themselves to canine chitchat — they like to expound on things (such as the fact that their owner left an hour ago and still isn't home); explain a situation (such as their food bowl being empty); and express themselves (such as dramatically reciting the Dog Bill of Rights). Many talkative dogs also like to keep their owners up-to-date on their lives, yapping happily away throughout dinner, on a walk, and sometimes at 3:00 a.m., when they remember something they forgot to mention earlier.
There are many reasons a dog has the gift of gab. Here are some "talkative dog types," which show up in talkative dog breeds:
We don't all want to sit in eerie quiet all the time, wondering what our dog is thinking. Some people like to have the sound of a loquacious canine filling the house, letting them know they are not alone and that things are happening. Lovers of talkative dogs will tell you that it masks the habit of talking to yourself, because someone always answers back. Talkative dogs are outgoing, gregarious extroverts, and they are usually friendly, engaging, and make wonderful companions.
Well, the silent types tend to be the bigger types (note: "tend"). The larger a dog, usually the less vocal — think of a Tibetan Mastiff or a Great Dane. Quite a few of the larger dog breeds were bred as guard dogs, which meant they were meant to be imposing and had to be prepared to take someone down. Silence goes with these traits. On the other hand, many smaller dog breeds were bred to be watchdogs, which meant they were supposed to warn their owners of intruders and also discourage intruders with their noise. There are other reasons as well.
Whether a dog is talkative is not solely based on his breed. Certain factors in his life can either make a talkative dog more talkative or actually make a quiet dog talkative. These include:
If you own a talkative dog, you know the benefits of having a canine conversationalist at home, despite what some family members or neighbors may think. Dogs do not live in a silent world, and many adapt freely to a noisy environment. If you'd rather not live with a gabby canine, there's always the Basenji.
Editor's Note: What breeds would you add to this list? Do you live with a talkative pup? We want to hear all about it.


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XC Ski Conditions 1/12/18
XC Ski Conditions 1/12 – Forbush Corner: Larry is getting the groomer warmed up and plans to have some trails open for skiing by 10 today. It was quite a wild temperature swing and some major melting, but our base survived. We will give a better update on conditions as we start to work on the trails. We are open today through Monday.
Hanson Hills: Trail head is in rough shape, yesterday's rain and warm temperatures put the hurting on our trail system. We have a lot of grass showing, Groomers are out this morning assessing all the trails with hopes that we still have a decent base in the woods. Trails will be Closed today.
XC Ski Headquarters: After the warm temps and rain yesterday, the snowpack on the ski trails experienced a considerable thaw. Thankfully the temps have returned to the mid-teens, and look to stay there for the foreseeable future. Trail doctors Bob, Stu and Mike will be working with the new Snow Spreader today to distribute manmade snow atop the layer of ice that now covers most of the trail surface. With any luck, we will have 1 or 2 trails that are fully skiable for the weekend. In the meantime, the Practice Area is open for ski demos and lessons, as the deep base of manmade snow out there is still holding up well. As for the rest of the trails, they are open for snowshoeing only today as we work to rebuild the base for skiing.
TV 9 & 10 weather forecast:
**Record Highs from yesterday: Gaylord reached 49 degrees breaking the old record of 47 degrees set back in 1980. Traverse city reached 55 degrees, the old record was 53 degrees from 2012. Houghton Lake reached 52 degrees beating the old record of 50 degrees from 2012. Pellston reached 52 breaking the old record of 49 set in 1975
Today: Take your time and bundle up today! Roads could be a bit icy in spots which could really slow down traveling. Temperatures hang around 10-23 degrees for highs but it will feel colder than that with wind chill. Some isolated lake effect will be out there at times as well. Winds are gusty coming out of the North/Northwest at 10-25 mph with gusts reaching up to 30 mph!
Tonight: Overnight lows drop into the -8 to 11 degree range with winds out of the North/Northwest at 10-20 mph, making it feel well below zero. Some lake effect snow will be out there but it will be isolated and not adding up to much.
Saturday: A good mix of sun and clouds along with some lake effect snow showers mainly west. Accumulations will be very little if any at all. Highs range from 6 to 20 degrees with calmer North winds at 5-10 mph.
Sunday: Some lake effect will be out there with partly cloudy skies and highs in the mid teens to low 20s.
Next Week: MLK Day is Monday and you can expect some scattered to occasional snow showers as a system moves through. Highs will be in the upper teens to mid 20s. Tuesday brings in lake effect snow showers and highs in the mid teens to mid 20s. Wednesday starts with some lake effect in the morning but sunshine returns for your afternoon and evening. Highs stay in the mid teens to mid 20s. A nice Thursday with mostly sunny skies and highs in the upper teens to upper 20s.
-Meteorologist Melanie Steinberg


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TOR Hotel Group is a Greek, family-owned business with a long heritage in hospitality, which dates back to 1925 and the opening of the first luxury hotel in Thessaloniki, the renowned Hotel Mediterranée. Since then, the Tornivoukas family has continued its long tradition with the creation of 4 unique hotels.
City Hotel is a contemporary, eco-friendly hotel with modern design in the heart of Thessaloniki which offers an urban nature downtown escape for those seeking a tranquil oasis in the heart of the town.
The luxury boutique hotel The Excelsior is located in an elegant art deco building with a chic modern interior, in the cultural heart of Thessaloniki and has been named as the best city hotel in Greece 3 times in a row by TripAdvisor.


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Low budget architectural viz
A collection of work for various clients that required a more budgeted version of their buildings. Some of these renderings were used on posters on the road to advertise the under development projects, or on flyers, newspapers and other print forms for the same reason. The workflow is the same (3dsmax – Vray – Ps) but the level of detail in all aspects of the 3d is reduced to an acceptable level for the time required.


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|The entrance of the campus.
Saturday, 4 October 2014
Calgary News 2: In and around Calgary
As promised in the first part, I now share a couple of my impressions about Calgary. Before and after the conference, I could look around in the Downtown. On Saturday I enjoyed the company of a couple of guys from the conference so we explored some tourist attractions and bars together. On Sunday, there was a guided tour in the Banff National Park. The scenes were breathtaking and our guide, Petar was really experienced and funny.
Friday, 3 October 2014
Calgary News 1: The conference
From 1 to 8 September, I spent a great week in Calgary, Canada. I attended the Multidisciplinary Approaches in Language Policy and Planning conference, organized by the Werklund School of Education at the University of Calgary. The conference was very rich in topics and it was especially nice that not only linguists but scholars from political sciences or philosophy also contributed to the discussions. The atmosphere was friendly as there were less than a hundred participants (around seventy, I guess) so it was easy to contact people. Another thing what made this visit so special is that it was my first time in the American continent so I had many new cultural experiences... In this part, I'll write about the conference, and you will soon find another post about my impressions on Calgary and the Rocky Mountains.
|Calgary Downtown and Bow River: a nice walk on a cloudy afternoon
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You have probably heard about the Great Firewall:
In a short time Wikipedia will have a new entry:
Unfortunately you will not be able to see it.
The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) is a bill that was introduced in the United States House of Representatives on October 26, 2011.
This bill aims to reduce loosely defined 'online piracy'. Its wording is ambiguous enough that in practice it would empower the US government and big corporations to:
SecurityKISS is an Ireland based company and has experience and technology to protect privacy and bypass censorship for netizens who want to access unrestricted Internet. Although SOPA may bring more business for SecurityKISS, we oppose this legislation. SOPA is too serious matter and would give the government unprecedented power to interfere with Internet.
On 7th of January 2012, SOPA is still discussed in Congres so all is not lost.


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Dashboard Builder is a drag-and-drop tool in JMP 13 for creating dashboards that can display JMP data tables and reports.
Dashboards are such a popular way to keep an eye on important metrics and share the findings of analysis, and for years JMP users have been creating dashboards using JMP Scripting Language and tools such as Application Builder. But now in JMP 13, there's an even easier way to make dashboards, and it requires no scripting!
Dashboard Builder is a flexible way to arrange multiple JMP reports and data tables in a single window. You can select from a variety of templates to make a dashboard quickly. But you can also simply drag and drop to create custom dashboards without using the templates. You can also save a dashboard as interactive HTML so others can view it using a web browser.
"With just a few clicks, you can create an interactive dashboard that you can use as part of your process or for communicating results," says developer Dan Schikore, who worked on Dashboard Builder.
This dashboard combines a data table, a Graph Builder visualization and a Distribution report:
While the ease of use is very important, Dan says that the most exciting part of this new feature is its potential impact on the day-to-day work of scientists, engineers and analysts. "You might not build dashboards every day, but you and your colleagues may very well interact with them every day," Dan says.
Choose from among a variety of dashboard templates in Dashboard Builder in JMP 13 -- or make a custom dashboard.
The response from early adopters of JMP 13 has been overwhelmingly positive because so many users want to make dashboards and were looking for a quick way to create them. "People have a lot of suggestions for this feature, so it will be something we continue to build on," Dan says.
Dan says it was fun to work on the modern drag-and-drop interface of Dashboard Builder, noting that he's heard some people calling it "Graph Builder for reports."
You can hear directly from Dan at Discovery Summit 2016 in a few weeks. He'll be presenting a poster session on "Building Dashboards in JMP 13" and a tutorial titled "Building Dashboards and Applications."
To learn more about what's coming in JMP 13, stop by the preview page on our website. There, you can sign up to watch a live stream of JMP chief architect John Sall's tour of JMP 13 on Sept. 21, as well as watch short videos about JMP 13 and JMP Pro 13.
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Emirates Plays the U.S. Open
Airline to Pay $90 Million Over Seven Years to Sponsor Summer Tennis Series
The U.S. Tennis Association will put Emirates Airline's name in front of North America's premier series of summer tennis tournaments, giving the United Arab Emirates a high-profile foothold in U.S. sports.
The seven-year deal between the USTA and the state-owned airline is valued at more than $90 million, people familiar with the terms said.
Effective immediately, professional tennis's summer schedule will become the Emirates Airline U.S. Open Series, with the airline succeeding Japan's Olympus Corp. as the series' title sponsor. The Japanese camera maker two years ago chose to end its sponsorship. Emirates also will become the official airline of the U.S. Open and has committed to spending $2.5 million on promotion and hospitality annually at the events.
For the USTA, the deal represents an effort to build the global cachet of the U.S. Open and the smaller tournaments that make up the U.S. Open Series, said Lew Sherr, who is the organization's chief revenue officer. "This is an alignment of two brands with similar interests," Mr. Sherr said. "They are a prestigious airline, and we think of the U.S. Open as one of the most prestigious tournaments in the world."
For Emirates, the deal is part of the airline's latest step in sports marketing world-wide. The company has the naming rights to Arsenal's soccer stadium in London, a sponsorship deal with the soccer club AC Milan and deals with 15 golf events. "We are in sports because they are watched globally and we can guarantee a global reach," said Boutros Boutros, the airline's senior vice president for communications.
Mr. Sherr said that he and his colleagues "did our due diligence" before deciding to use the name of a Mideast oil state for the USTA's marquee event, risking that some Americans won't distinguish between friendly and hostile Arab countries. "We have partnerships with brands from around the world," he said. "It validates the stature and international nature of the series."
In 2009 the U.A.E. denied Israeli tennis player Shahar Peer a visa to play in a tournament in Dubai, citing security concerns. The move sparked criticism from players, sponsors and the Women's Tennis Association, and Ms. Peer did get a visa the following year. Israelis typically can't get U.A.E. visas, however.
Four years ago, Jewish groups pressured the New York Jets and Giants to quash a proposed deal to name their football venue Allianz Stadium, citing the company's involvement with Nazi Germany some 70 years earlier.
Mr. Boutros said the airline hasn't experienced a backlash from its sponsorships of sports teams or civic entities, such as the San Francisco Symphony. "People who love sports understand your contribution and they love it," he said.
Write to Matthew Futterman at email@example.com
Copyright ©2020 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8


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Year of Call: 2007
Inn of Court: Lincoln's Inn
Grace Pelly
Grace is currently Senior Legal Advisor to the Somaliland Justice Sector Project (SJSP), funded by DFID.
SJSP supports Somaliland's formal justice institutions – the Ministry of Justice, the Attorney General's Office, the Law Reform Commission, the High Judicial Council and the Lawyers and Licensing Committee – to provide a fair, efficient and effective justice system.
SJSP is working closely with Somaliland's justice institutions to reform the Penal Code, establish an independent Bar Association, build the skills and capacity of prosecutors, entry-level judges and defence lawyers, develop legal aid services and increase access to justice for children and victims of sexual violence.
Significant Cases
- MA (Hons) Theology, Cambridge University
- Postgraduate Diploma in Law, City University
- LL.M International Human Rights Law (Distinction), London School of Economics,
- Bar Vocational Course, Inns of Court School of Law
- 11 King's Bench Walk prize for Human Rights Law, London School of Economics)
- Thomas More and Hardwicke Scholarships, Lincoln's Inn
- Human Rights Lawyers Association Bursary
- Human Rights Lawyers Association
- Young Legal Aid Lawyers
Areas of Specialism
She joined Charter on successful completion of her pupillage in January 2012. She has experience of defending in the Crown, Magistrates and Youth Courts and has dealt with a wide variety of cases, including violent offences (especially domestic violence), sexual offences, drug offences, public disorder, burglary and robbery.
She is a Grade 1 Advocate for the Crown Prosecution Service.
International Criminal Law
She has a particular interest in international criminal law. Prior to pupillage she worked as an Associate Legal Officer at the UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Tanzania for 18 months where she assisted the Judges of Trial Chamber II to draft the judgment in the case of Prosecutor v. Nyiramsuhuko et al. ('Butare') (Case No. ICTR-98-42-T), the largest case ever to come before the ICTR. She also spent six months an intern in the Appeals Chamber of the UN International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
Human Rights Law
She has significant international and domestic human rights law experience having spent two years working as a Legal Officer at the Human Rights Law Network in India. She worked on a variety of criminal justice and human rights issues and was the joint coordinator of a nation-wide programme to train grass-roots activists on methods to combat impunity in relation to torture.
She was Greenpeace's legal representative in Mumbai.
Other Details
Recent publications include:
- 'State Terrorism: Torture, Extra Judicial Killings and Forced Disappearances in India' (2009) – Jain/HRLN
- 'The Death Penalty in India' (2008) – Amicus E-Journal
- 'Refugee Populations in India' (2007) – Human Rights Law Network


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Pencoed Campus, Pencoed, Bridgend , CF35 5LG
Bridgend College offers a wide range of construction courses inculding plumbing.
They offer a number of plumbing courses including the City & Guilds 6129 LEVEL 2.
As with many local colleges they do not offer the option of an intensive course, and so the duration of this course is one year.
They have reciently built a brand new construction training centre at the Pencoed campus, where you'll be taught the practical and theory side of plumbing. They are a city and guilds accredited training centre.