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CHICAGO – Although pregnant women indicated that they were willing to participate in a structured clinic-based exercise program, only a few actually showed up, researchers reported here.
In the small study, all 52 women completed willingness-to-exercise surveys, and 27 of these pregnant women agreed to participate in a tutored Zumba aerobic dance program – but just three women showed up, said Rolanda Lister, MD, assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center in Bronx, N.Y.
In her poster presentation at the annual meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Lister said that when her research team followed up as to what barriers prevented them from showing up the exercise classes:
- 25.8% cited employment obligations
- 16.1% cited child care responsibilities
- 16.1% said they were unable to find a schedule for the exercise sessions
- 9.7% said they were unable to exercise due to pregnancy complications
- 6.4% said they had inadequate transportation to the clinic
Lister told MedPage Today that she and her colleagues were not giving up on structured exercise programs. "Almost all the women (93.5%) said they had access to audiovisual devices at home and would exercise to a DVD recording of the lessons," she said.
The researchers are now developing such a program. Lister said the next project is to see that if the program is recorded will the women take time to exercise at home. Then the researchers will see if the exercise program decreases the incidence of gestational diabetes and other pregnancy-related complications among them, and then analyze, in turn, whether participation in the exercise program results in better outcomes for mothers and their infants, Lister explained.
To perform the original study, the researchers supplied questionnaires to pregnant patients at scheduled prenatal appointments. The questionnaires asked patients about their baseline activity level, their willingness to exercise and their preferred type of exercise. The patients were told about the novel, weekly prenatal Zumba program that would be organized through the clinic office and tutored by a licensed Zumba instructor.
"Exercise is an important initiative to prevent complications in pregnancy such as gestational diabetes, excessive gestational weight gain and may prevent fetal complications such as shoulder dystocia and macrosomia," Lister said. "In our urban population, there are multiple barriers that prevented pregnant patients from participating in this structured outside exercise program.
"However, identifying previously unappreciated barriers to exercise in an urban population encourages us to provide an alternative home-based exercise regimen that may increase participation."
Exercise during pregnancy is considered by ACOG to be beneficial for women and their children, Audrey Merriam, MD, a resident in obstetrics and gynecology at Christiana Health Care, Newark, Del., told MedPage Today.
"We have seen similar barriers to getting out patients to exercise," she said. "I tell my patients that they should concentrate on doing more walking – and that they don't have to do all their exercise at one time. If they walk 10 minutes to and from our clinic they have already done 20 minutes of the 30 minutes of exercise a day we think is helpful."
Lister and Merriam disclosed no relevant relationships with industry.
Primary Source
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Source Reference: Lister R, et al "Barriers to exercise for urban parturients" ACOG 2014.


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Cinnamon requires no introduction! One of the vital spices of your spice rack, this magical curry spice adds a mouth watering aroma to any dish prepared by you.
This spice is derived from the aromatic inner bark of a small evergreen tree (scientifically known as Cinnamomum zeylanicum) belongs to the Lauraceae family. It is added to various dishes in the form of dry sticks and even in the form of powder. Numerous studies are being conducted by scientists worldwide to discover the health benefits of cinnamon. One such study conducted by American Botanical Council confirms its health benefits as a spice as well as a natural remedy.
It is an ideal source of antioxidants. The rich content of fiber, iron, manganese and calcium present in cinnamon provides your body with endless health benefits. The oil extracted from the bark of Cinnamon also contains anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties that boost your immune system.
There are numerous health benefits of cinnamon. The most important health benefits derived from cinnamon are discussed below:
1. Cures Diabetes: Several scientific studies reveal that Cinnamon contains a component called proanthocyanidins which works like insulin. So if you are suffering from Type 2 diabetes, cinnamon can help you reduce the sugar level of your body including cholesterol as well as triglyceride. A study conducted by American Diabetes Association reveals the efficacy of cinnamon in improving glucose as well as lipid control of Type 2 diabetes patients.
2. Prevents Heart Disease: Cinnamon provides your body with all essential nutrients that assist in flushing toxic chemicals from your body. It also lowers the cholesterol level thus protecting you from several heart diseases. Regular consumption of cinnamon lowers the risk of heart attack.
3. Brain Tonic: The scientific studies on cinnamon reveal that cinnamon has the ability to enhance the activity of your brain. It is an ideal brain tonic that helps you to recover from memory loss. Moreover, cinnamon also improves your concentration level and virtual recognition memory.
4. Cures Digestive Disorders: If you are suffering from gastrointestinal ailments, acidity or indigestion problem, Cinnamon is the ideal remedy to help you overcome such ailments. The carminative content present in Cinnamon provides you relief from gas and acidity. Various studies conducted on Cinnamon prove that it helps in metabolizing the fats in the process of digestion and enhances the enzymatic activity significantly.
5. Cures Pain: Cinnamon is a rich source of anti-inflammatory properties that provides you relief from pains resulting from arthritis, stiffness of muscles, headache caused by common cold, migraine etc.
6. Eradicates Foul Breath: Cinnamon also fights bad breath by acting as a natural-mouth-freshener. Chewing cinnamon sticks helps in killing the bacteria that cause bad breath and provides you with a refreshing breath with its sweet aroma.
7. Anti Cancer: Since Cinnamon is the best source of antioxidants, it is highly beneficial for preventing the growth of cancerous cells and tumors. A study conducted by U.S department of Agriculture, Maryland proves that cinnamon trims down the growth of lymphoma as well as leukemia cancer cells.
8. Fights Skin Disease: The anti-fungal component of cinnamon helps in curing skin problems. Cinnamon powder when mixed with equal quantity of honey become effective for treating pimple-prone skin, acne, eczema, and various skin ailments.
9. Strengthens Teeth: Being a rich source of anti-bacterial components, Cinnamon can be used as a mouthwash to prevent tooth decay to make your teeth stronger.
10. Cures Cough and Cold: Since ancient times, Cinnamon is being used as a natural remedy in China to cure cough, sore throat and common cold. Drinking herbal tea made of cinnamon water can provide you with quick relief from cough and cold.
Besides this cinnamon acts as a blood purifier and also aids in proper circulation of blood in your body. Moreover, it is also ideal for nursing mothers. The long list of health benefits of cinnamon does not end here. Cinnamon oil is used as a mosquito repellant and also for making perfumes and room fresheners.
The aromatic spice Cinnamon is extremely beneficial for your health. Including cinnamon in your daily diet provides you and your family with abundant health benefits by eliminating all possible health ailments naturally.

subset: commoncrawl


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Silver Bullet ProductionsEducational Filmmaking Program for New Mexico Communities
Silver Bullet Productions believes that relevant learning increases educational success for a community. "Relevancy" is when the teaching, skills, and materials are connected to a student's culture and history, and will be useful learning tools immediately and in the future.
The COVID-19 Pandemic is having an alarming impact on New Mexico's Pueblos and Tribes, which are experiencing higher infection rates per capita than most states. Please join Silver Bullet Productions and help Tribal leaders meet the most critical needs of their Communities by donating to one or all of the emergency funds below:
Native American Relief Fund administered by the New Mexico Foundation
Pueblo Relief Fund administered by the Indian Pueblo Cultural Center and All Pueblo Council of Governors
We create relevant educational experiences in two ways:
We produce student workshops in writing and filmmaking, and we donate new camera equipment to the school. Students are able to continue practicing their story telling and preserving their cultural heritage through film.
We create award-winning documentaries that expose esoteric topics, shatter stereotypes and expand cultural preservation.
It's About Time Online Event, November 21, 2020
SBP will present "It's About Time", a panel with Oscar winning actor Wes Studi, esteemed actress Tantoo Cardinal, and playwright-actress-activist DeLanna Studi, moderated by film producer-director Chris Eyre. These prominent Native artists will discuss the challenges and progress they have experienced during their lengthy careers in the entertainment industry.
2019 Governors' Award
The Rocky Mountain Southwest Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Board of Governors' Award was presented to Silver Bullet Productions at the 2019 Rocky Mountain Emmy Awards on Saturday, September 14, in Scottsdale, Arizona.
Sandia Pueblo Student Workshop
Silver Bullet Productions conducted a week-long filmmaking workshop for Pueblo of Sandia students, aged 17 to adult. The goals were to teach skills necessary for Sandia to create films that help preserve their native language and to provide equipment that allows future filmmaking on issues unique and private for Sandia.
Indian Land Tenure Foundation grant
We want to acknowledge with thanks the generous teaching grant Silver Bullet Productions received from the Indian Land Tenure Foundation for the filmmaking programs we offer to Pueblos throughout New Mexico.
Defending the Fire is nominated for a regional Emmy
Pamela Pierce – Producer
Lisa Lucas – Associate Producer
Matthew Martinez, Ohkay Owingeh – Historian, Associate Producer
Jhane Myers, Comanche/Blackfeet – Associate Producer
Maura Dhu Studi – Writer, Associate Producer
David Aubrey – Director
NatiVisions Film Festival Selection
Defending the Fire is an Official Selection of NatiVisions Film Festival, October 3-5, 2019.
Enjoy this short film highlighting our work with students, communities, and network film production.
Thank you for your interest in cultural education. By supporting Silver Bullet Productions, you become part of the solution for educational challenges.


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« Providence or Pity Party? | Main | The Most Important Thing Happening in the World »
Now, through the Church
Text: Ephesians 3:7-13
The Christian Ministry is not a mere career choice but a Divine calling and equipping to herald the truth of the Gospel. Life in the local Church is also a stupendous revelation of the multi-faceted wisdom of God. Here's why...
Posted by John Samson on September 18, 2016 05:33 PM


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Tags: Arcade Games / Airplane Games / Upgrade Games / Tank Games / Action Games / Bomb Games
Publisher: ArmorGames.com
Video Walkthrough
Here it is - IndestructoTank 3 (In3structoTank, feel free to pronounce that however you like!) The first widescreen Hi-Res IndestructoTank game is here, and there's a whole lot of fun to be had. A tweaked standard game mode, with a new enemy type and a new weapon - the Nuke, which is perfect for clearing the way to the floor if you're low on fuel, a new Adventure mode with challenges, and an unlockable third type of game that is top secret! Also with Armor highscore boards to top, it's time to pull up your IndestructoSocks and buckle your IndestructoBelts once again! Have fun!
Right and Left - Move. Up - Boom Bar Space - Nuke
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Halloween is a time for fun and treats, but let's not forget about staying safe. I write about this every year because it's important to remember.
Halloween is nearly here – so please check out these important safety reminders.
Choosing Halloween costumes
Choose Halloween costumes with health and safety in mind. The Alberta College and Association of Opticians makes a good point about not re-using costume contact lenses from last year. Microorganisms could have contaminated your contact lens case since you last used the lenses, posing a risk to your eye health.
Never use contacts past the expiration date, they advise. When the package says three months before the contacts expire, it doesn't mean three months of wear, it means three months from the time you open the package.
This story from Global News describes what can go wrong if costume contact lenses are not used properly.
Think twice before you or your kids try on costumes in a store – they might be infested with lice. See this Huffington Post story about the topic, which is making my head itch just thinking about it! Blech!
Giving out treats on Halloween night
If you're planning to give out treats on the big night, remember the kids with allergies to peanuts and other foods. The Teal Pumpkin Project is raising awareness about food allergies and asking people to put a teal pumpkin on the doorstep to indicate they have non-food treats available, such as glow sticks or small toys.
Carving a pumpkin to add to the decor? Here are some tips from Consumer Reports:
- Use the right tools (specialty tools in a kit, not kitchen knives)
- Carve your pumpkin with its top on
- Keep your work area clean, dry, and well-lit
Keep your yard safe (if you have one) for visiting trick or treaters. The American Academy of Pediatrics advises people to:
- Remove possible tripping hazards – such as garden hoses, toys, and lawn decorations – from the porch and front yard
- Make sure outdoor lights are working
- Restrain pets so they don't jump on or bite a trick-or-treater
Halloween safety for pets
Speaking of pets, here's some advice from the BC SPCA:
- Keep your pets in the house (and make sure their identification is current in case they do sneak outside)
- Keep candy away from pets
- Avoid putting pets in costumes because this can be stressful for them
See and be seen on Halloween
BCAA offers this advice for drivers planning to be on the roads on Halloween night:
- Watch your speed and drive slowly through residential areas and school zones
- Turn on your headlights before dusk so kids can see your car (including tail lights)
- Watch for kids darting out from behind parked cars
These are just a few of many things to keep in mind for a safe and healthy Halloween. Do you have any tips to share? Please let me know, in the comments below.


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Data protection declaration
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This privacy statement is intended to inform users of this website about the nature, scope and purpose of the collection and use of personal data by the website operator:
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The website operator takes your data protection very seriously and treats your personal data confidentially and in accordance with legal regulations. As new technologies and the continuous development of this website may result in changes to this data protection declaration, we recommend that you read the data protection declaration again at regular intervals. Definitions of the terms used (e.g. "personal data" or "processing") can be found in Art. 4 GDPR.
Our Disclaimer is a part of this Data protection declaration.
Access data
We, the website operator or page provider, collect data on access to the website on the basis of our legitimate interest (see art. 6 par. 1 lit. f.GDPR) and store these as "server log files" on the server of the website. The following data is logged in this way:
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The server log files are stored for a maximum of 7 days and then deleted.
The data is stored for security reasons, e.g. to clarify cases of misuse. If data have to be deleted for reasons of evidence, they are excluded from deletion until the incident has been finally resolved.
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This website uses cookies for pseudonymised range measurement, which are transmitted to the user's browser either from our server or the server of third parties.
Cookies are small files that are stored on your end device. Your browser accesses these files. The use of cookies increases the user-friendliness and security of this website.
If you do not want cookies for range measurement to be stored on your terminal device, you can object to the use of these files here:
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The website operator only collects, uses and passes on your personal data if this is permitted by law or if you consent to the collection of data.
Personal information is any information that is used to identify you and which can be traced back to you, such as your name, e-mail address and telephone number.
You can also visit this website without providing any personal information. However, in order to improve our online offer, we store your access data to this website (without personal reference).
This access data includes, for example, the file you requested or the name of your Internet provider.
By anonymizing the data, it is not possible to draw conclusions about your person.
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Continuing Education
Licensed Massage Therapists
The Asheville School of Massage & Yoga is approved by the National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork (NCBTMB) as a continuing education provider (#450444-07 expires 8/4/2020). Throughout the spring, summer, and fall we offer continuing education opportunities for licensed massage and bodywork therapists to keep their skills current and fulfill their licensure requirements.
Ayurveda Professionals
We work with the National Ayurvedic Medical Association (NAMA) to provide PACE-approved courses for NAMA professional members in order to ensure professional growth and success of Ayurveda in the United States. NAMA professional members at any level are welcome to enroll in our PACE offerings.
Community Workshops
We believe that an educated community is a healthy community and in that spirit we offer workshops to provide enrichment and introduce practical skills, techniques, and ideas. These workshops are open to anyone, require no prerequisites, and are non-credit offerings.
Unless otherwise noted on course listings:
- Workshops at our massage school are usually 3, 7, 14, or 21 contact hours. The cost of each course is listed in the individual course.
- Class times for courses vary. Check individual course listings for exact dates and times.
- For all bodywork classes, please bring one set of twin sheets per day, plus massage oil or cream (in a spill-proof container).
- Tables are provided by the school.
- There will be a 1-hour lunch break on all 7-8 hour class days; bring a bag lunch or come prepared to buy lunch at one of the nearby restaurants.
*NOTE: Some instructors are from out of town, so classes are cancelled 2 weeks before the scheduled course date if there are not enough students registered. If you are interested in a class, don't wait to sign up.
Cancellation Policy
- If we need to cancel a course, you will receive a full refund.
- If you cancel 2 weeks or more before the class, a full refund will be given.
- If you cancel at least 48 hours before the class, credit toward a future class will be given.
- If you cancel less than 48 hours before the class, no credit or refund will be given.
Cancellation for Online Ethics course: You have 2 weeks from the date of purchase to receive a full refund, after that time, no refund will be given.


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Andreadis, K. M., and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2006. Trends in 20th century drought over the continental United States. Geophysical Research Letters 33:L10403.
CCSP (Climate Change Science Program). 2008. Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate. Regions of Focus: North America, Hawaii, Caribbean, and U.S. Pacific Islands. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. Department of Commerce, NOAA's National Climatic Data Center, Washington, D.C. 164 pp.
Groisman, P. Ya., R. W. Knight, T. R. Karl, D. R.Easterling, B. Sun, and J. H. Lawrimore. 2004. Contemporary changes of the hydrologic cycle over the contiguous United States: Trends derived from in situ observations. Journal of Hydrometeorology 5: 64–85.
Groisman, P. Ya., R. W. Knight, D. R. Easterling, T. R. Karl, G. C. Hegerl, and V.A.N. Razuvaev. 2005. Trends in intense precipitation in the climate record. Journal of Climate 18: 1326–1350.
Huntington, T. 2006. Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle: Review and synthesis. Journal of Hydrology 319: 83–95.
Huntington, T. 2010. Climate warming-induced intensification of the hydrologic cycle: An assessment of the published record and potential impacts on agriculture. Advances in Agronomy 109: 1–53.
IACWD (Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data). 1982. Bulletin 17B of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data: Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
Interagency Floodplain Management Review Committee. 1994. Sharing the Challenge: Floodplain Management into the 21st Century. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2001. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC. J. T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, and C. A. Johnson, (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York. 881 pp.
IPCC. 2007a. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Millers, (eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 996 pp.
IPCC. 2007b.Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC. M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden, and C. E. Hanson, (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 976 pp.
Karl, T. R., and R. W. Knight. 1998. Secular trends of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorology Society 79: 231–241.
Karl, T. R., J. M. Melillo, and T. C. Peterson, (eds.). 2009. Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Kharin, V. V., F. W. Zwiers, X. B Zhang, and G. C. Hegerl. 2007. Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes in the IPCC ensemble of global coupled model simulations. Journal of Climate 20:1419–1444.
Lettenmaier, D. P. 2008. Have we dropped the ball on water resources research? Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 134:491–492.
Loucks, D. 2007. Water resources and environmental management: Issues, challenges, opportunities and options. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 7(2):1–10.
Milly, P. C. D., et al. 2008. Stationarity is dead: Whither water management? Science 319:573–574.
NRC (National Research Council). 1991. Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC. 1999. Improving American Flood Frequency Analyses. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC. 2007a. Analysis of Global Change Assessments: Lessons Learned. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC. 2007b. Colorado River Basin Water Management: Evaluating and Adjusting to Hydroclimactic Variability. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C..
NRC. 2008. Research and Applications Needs in Flood Hydrology Science. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC. 2009a. The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC. 2009b. Towards a Sustainable and Secure Water Future: A Leadership Role for the U.S. Geological Survey. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC. 2010a. Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
NRC. 2010b. Advancing the Science of Climate Change. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
Reuss, M. 2003. Is it time to resurrect the Harvard Water Program? Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 129:357–360.
Trenberth, K. E. 1999. Conceptual framework for changes of extremes of the hydrological cycle with climate change. Climatic Change 42:327–339.
Trenberth, K. E. 2011. Changes in precipitation with climate change. Climate Research 47:123–138.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2011. Fargo-Moorhead Metropolitan Area Flood Risk Management Supplemental Draft Feasibility Report and Environmental Impact Statement, April 2011.
USGS (U.S. Geological Survey). 2005. Streamflow Trends in the United States. USGS Fact Sheet 2005-3017. Reston, VA. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3017/ (March 2010).
Vörösmarty, C. J., C. Leveque, C. Revenga. 2005. Chapter 7: Fresh water. In: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Volume 1: Conditions and Trends Working Group Report (with R. Bos, C. Caudill, J. Chilton, E. M. Douglas, M. Meybeck, D. Prager, P. Balvanera, S. Barker, M. Maas, C. Nilsson, T. Oki, and C. A. Reidy). Island Press, Washington, D.C. 966 pp.


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How does a tech firm become a force for good in luxury fashion?
Pushing Boundaries
Pursuing Greatness
Realising Potential
Inspiring a lifelong love of reading
Survival of the fittest
The DNA of Winning
How do you become Europe's most-loved?
A cut above
Fresh thinking
How do you revive the stories of the past to serve a modern British classic?
How can low-cost translate into high engagement?
The new way to shop from magazines
How do you stop women dying of breast cancer?
Always pleased to see you
How do you really feed the world?
A new helicopter saving the lives of Londoners
The beauty of feeling good


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Mattress Protectors
Give your mattress the protection it deserves.
A snuginteriors mattress is an investment. Each of our mattresses offers a minimum ten-year guarantee. Our single mattress protectors offer a layer of preservation, so you can add years of life to your mattress.
Quilted Luxury Waterproof Mattress Protector by The Fine Bedding Company
Providing 100% waterproof protection with a luxurious soft quilting to the surface.
Deep-Fill Cotton Mattress Protector by The Fine Bedding Company
A deeply filled, highly breathable cotton mattress protector which is naturally hypoallergenic and washable at 40°C.
MORPHEUS® Cotton 95°C Mattress Protector by Brinkhaus
The MORPHEUS® Cotton Mattress Protector by Brinkhaus is a deeply quilted, luxurious mattress protector which absorbs moisture and protects your mattress, whilst adding an additional layer of comfort. Washable at 95°C.
MORPHEUS® Dust Mite Barrier Mattress Cover by Brinkhaus
The Brinkhaus MORPHEUS® Dust Mite Barrier Mattress Cover completely encloses the mattress and has been designed for those who suffer from house dust mite allergies or people who react sensitively to environmental influences. Washable at 95°C.
Wool Mattress Protector by Hypnos
The Hypnos Wool Mattress Protector provides a clean, natural sleeping surface whilst protecting your mattress from any moisture and stains.
Quilted Mattress Protector by Vispring
Protect your luxury pocket spring mattress with a Quilted Wool Mattress Protector by Vispring. Wool is naturally very absorbent so is the perfect material to wick away moisture before it hits your mattress, allowing you to remove and machine wash whilst prolonging the life of your mattress.


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Lose Weight Faster With Interval Training
4 Ways Interval Training Helps You Lose Weight Faster
You've hit the gym three times a week for the past two months but your bikini still doesn't fit the way you're hoping. Weight loss is a slow and steady race, but if your workouts aren't delivering the results, it's time to kick it up a notch with intervals. Whether you're walking, running, or biking, here are four ways intervals can help you lose weight faster.
- Bye-bye pooch: Have a tummy you can't seem to get rid of? Researchers compared working out at a steady pace to intervals and discovered that individuals lost more belly fat when doing interval training.
- More calories burned per workout: Running at a pace of 10 minutes per mile for 30 minutes burns 270 calories*. Include one-minute speed intervals at a pace of seven minutes per mile every three minutes, and you'll burn about 300 calories. If you run three times a week, those extra calories per workout add up to almost 100 more calories burned.
- Zippy metabolism: Researchers found that periods of intense cardio fire up certain genes that initiate the fat-burning process and after-burn effect, which translates to more calories burned even after the workouts is over.
- Stronger muscles: Muscle burns more calories than fat, so the more muscle mass you have, the better it is for weight loss. Sprinting intervals will strengthen the muscles in your legs and booty, which not only help you feel more confident on the beach, those sculpted muscles also use up more calories.
Here are some workouts to try to help you get started:
- 400-Calorie-Burning Walking Interval Workout
- 300-Calorie-Burning Walking-Jogging Workout
- Elliptical Interval Workout
- 300-Calorie Burning Running Interval Workout
- Belly-Blasting Sprinting and Walking Workout
*Calculations based on a 130-pound woman.


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Prostate cancer treatment is often accompanied by untoward side effects. Therefore, chemoprevention to reduce the risk and inhibit the progression of prostate cancer may be an effective approach to reducing disease burden. We investigated the safety and efficacy of Polyphenon E, a green tea extract, in reducing the progression of prostate cancer in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. A total of 119 male TRAMP and 119 C57BL/6J mice were treated orally with one of 3 doses of Polyphenon E (200, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg/day) in drinking water ad libitum replicating human achievable doses. Baseline assessments were performed before treatments. Safety and efficacy assessments during treatments were performed when mice were 12, 22, and 32 weeks old. The number and size of tumors in treated TRAMP mice were significantly decreased compared with untreated animals. In untreated 32 weeks old TRAMP mice, prostate carcinoma metastasis to distant sites was observed in 100% of mice (8/8), compared with 13% of mice (2/16) treated with high-dose Polyphenon E during the same period. Furthermore, Polyphenon E treatment significantly inhibited metastasis in TRAMP mice in a dose-dependent manner (P = 0.0003). Long-term (32 weeks) treatment with Polyphenon E was safe and well tolerated with no evidence of toxicity in C57BL/6J mice. Polyphenon E is an effective chemopreventive agent in preventing the progression of prostate cancer to metastasis in TRAMP mice. Polyphenon E showed no toxicity in these mouse models. Our findings provide additional evidence for the safety and chemopreventive effect of Polyphenon E in preventing metastatic progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 7(4); 435–44. ©2014 AACR.
Prostate cancer is the most common nonmelanoma malignancy among men in the Unites States. In 2013, 238,590 new cases and 29,720 deaths related to prostate cancer were estimated (1). Although early screening and detection has been used historically as strategies for prostate cancer prevention, recently these recommendations have been a subject of much debate (2–4). The features of prostate cancer, namely, its high prevalence and the uncertainty with regard to the effectiveness and value of early screening provide an excellent opportunity and need to develop alternate prostate cancer control strategies. Chemoprevention to reduce the risk and inhibit the progression of prostate cancer may be an effective approach to reduce the burden of the disease (5).
Botanicals have been shown to influence multiple biochemical and molecular cascades that inhibit mutagenesis and proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress the formation and growth of human cancers, thus modulating several hallmarks of carcinogenesis. In addition, these agents seem promising in their potential to make a dramatic impact in cancer chemoprevention, with a significantly superior safety profile than most agents evaluated to date (6–9). Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a protective effect of tea consumption against human cancers including prostate cancer (10–13). In contrast, a few studies have associated an increased risk potentially attributed to confounding factors that include consumption of salted or very hot tea, geographical location, tobacco and alcohol use, and other dietary differences (10, 12–15). Of all the tea produced worldwide, about 20% of green tea is consumed in Asian countries such as China, Japan, Korea, and India. Interestingly, these populations consistently demonstrate lower risk of prostate cancer (16–21).
Several published preclinical studies using green tea, green tea leaves, green tea extracts (GTE), green tea polyphenol mixtures, green tea catechin (GTC) mixtures, and individual catechins have demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy in prostate cancer (22–31). Tea and tea compounds reduce growth and/or induce apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines in vitro, including the prostate. Among the constituents of GTEs, laboratory studies have identified epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the most potent chemopreventive agent, which seems to affect a number of molecular processes including induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis (32–35). EGCG has been found to affect several cancer-related proteins including p27, Bcl-2, or Bcr-Abl oncoproteins, Bax, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9; ref. 36), the androgen receptor, EGF receptor, activator proteins 1 (AP1), and some cell-cycle regulators (37–40). By using various proteasome inhibitors, including a standardized mixture of GTCs (Polyphenon E), we and others have demonstrated that the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of apoptosis, and activation of the cellular apoptotic program and may be used as a strategy for prostate cancer chemoprevention (40).
The safety of tea and tea compounds is supported by centuries of consumption by the human population. In 4 phase I single-dose and multidose studies of catechins-Polyphenon E containing a dose range of 200 to 1200 mg, EGCG has been well tolerated (41–44). In recent years, oral use of GTEs has been associated with several instances of hepatotoxicity (45–48). Most affected patients were women, and many were consuming GTEs for the purpose of weight loss. Although hepatotoxicity in most cases resolved within 4 months of stopping GTE, there have been cases of positive GTE rechallenge and liver failure requiring liver transplantation (48). Histologic changes in liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and thymus of rodents have also been reported (49). Elevations in prostate weight, mild liver enzyme elevations, moderate anemia, mild hematopoiesis alterations, and transient ocular symptoms have been noted in some animals administered Polyphenon E (50). Although previous studies of safety had been established using other compositions of GTCs, to date, there have been no specific reports of the safety and effectiveness of Polyphenon E in reducing the progression of prostate cancer. Although several early clinical trials have been initiated using Polyphenon E, including our clinical trial in progress, based on the available data from preclinical studies, restrictions to eligibility imposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration continue to place a significant challenge on recruitment of subjects to these trials (5, 51).
Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of the specific GTC mixture, Polyphenon E in reducing the progression of prostate cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, an established preclinical model that has been used in prostate cancer chemoprevention studies.
Materials and Methods
Polyphenon E
Polyphenon E study drug is supplied by Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd, Japan. Polyphenon E is a botanical drug substance containing a mixture of catechins originating from the leaves of green tea (Camellia sinensis). To manufacture Polyphenon E, a hot water extract of green tea is extracted further with ethyl acetate. The resulting crude extract is dissolved in methanol and purified by affinity column fractionation. Once dried, the final product contains 85% to 95% total catechins; the main component is EGCG, which comprises 55% to 72% of the material. Other catechins present in Polyphenon E include epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, gallocatechin, catechin gallate, and catechin. Polyphenon E may also contain small quantities of caffeine (<1.0%), theobromine (<1.0%), gallic acid (<0.5%), and other green tea–derived components.
Animals and tissues
One hundred and nineteen C57BL/6J male mice and 119 TRAMP male mice (The Jackson Laboratory), each 5 weeks of age were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups, each maintained under constant environmental conditions (20–22°C, 40–60% relative humidity, 12-hour light/12-hour dark diurnal cycle), in specific pathogen-free and viral antibody-free (SPF/VAF) conditions fed AIN-76A diet (Harlan Teklad Global Diets) ad libitum, acclimated for 2 weeks, and used in accordance with an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved protocol.
Polyphenon E treatment protocol
Polyphenon E (Polyphenon Pharma, Inc.) was provided ad libitum in the drinking water to 3 cohorts each of C57BL/6J and TRAMP mice at 1 of 3 doses (200, 500, and 1,000 mg Polyphenon E/kg body weight/day). A fourth cohort each of C57BL/6J and TRAMP mice served as untreated controls. C57BL/6J mice were used to assess safety and for potential toxicities associated with Polyphenon E consumption. TRAMP mice were used to assess efficacy of Polyphenon E consumption to prevent prostate tumor progression to metastasis. Eight C57BL/6J and 8 TRAMP mice were euthanatized after acclimation at 7 weeks of age to establish baseline clinical and histopathologic findings before treatment, after which Polyphenon E or vehicle treatments were initiated in all other mice. Assessments during Polyphenon E treatment were performed when mice were 12, 22, and 32 weeks of age, at which times 11 to 16 mice of each cohort were evaluated. The volume of Polyphenon E consumed mimicked the consumption of 6 to 8 cups of green tea per day by an average adult human (52), as mice were monitored to ensure consumption of ≥0.2 mL drinking water/g body weight/day.
Assessment of Polyphenon E safety
Mice were monitored daily, including for food and water consumption, and were weighed weekly. When mice were 12, 22, and 32 weeks of age, 11 to 16 mice from each cohort were subjected to phlebotomy and comprehensive systematic necropsy.
The reproductive tract and associated glands including all 4 lobes of the prostate were weighed and whole blood was collected. Major organs, including the lungs, heart, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, and the entire alimentary tract, including the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and the associated mesentery, and mesenteric lymph nodes were evaluated. Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm, and stained with H&E.
The safety of the 3 doses (i.e., 200, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg/day) of Polyphenon E was assessed based on clinical and anatomic pathology, including microscopic evaluation of tissues. Blood samples were taken for complete blood counts with leukocyte differentials and serum biochemistry indicative of multiorgan functions including total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, total bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ glutamyl transferase (GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, calcium, and phosphorus levels. Liver function was monitored by levels of ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, and GGT. Kidney function was monitored by levels of BUN and creatinine.
Assessment of Polyphenon E effect on prostate cancer progression
Efficacy of whether 3 different doses of Polyphenon E modulate prostate cancer development and progression to metastasis was evaluated in TRAMP mice by MRI, ultrasound, systematic comprehensive necropsy, and histopathology. Efficacy of treatment was determined by weight of the prostate, quantifying prostate epithelial pathology, and assessing incidence of tumor progression to metastasis at distant organ sites.
MRI and ultrasound analysis
Six TRAMP mice from each group (treated and untreated) were randomly selected and monitored for tumor growth and volume by MRI or ultrasound at 32 weeks of age. Animals were induced under 3.5% isoflurane and maintained sedated during MRI and ultrasound image acquisition using 2% isoflurane. The animal's temperature was continuously monitored using a fiber optic probe and controlled using warm air. MRI was completed on a 7 T Varian MRI spectrometer ASR310 (Agilent Life Sciences Technologies) with a 30-cm bore using VNMRJ 3.1, using a Varian 72 mm quadrature coil. Axial T1-weighted images were obtained to determine the orientation of the coronal slices (using the both kidneys as a plane of reference); these images were obtained using an FSEMS (multislice fast spin echo) sequence with TR = 600 ms, TE = 8.92 ms, field of view = 40 mm × 40 mm, 20 slices, and a matrix size of 128 × 128. The coronal images were obtained using an FSEMS sequence with TR 2,400; 3,500; or 4,000 ms (depending on number of slices); effective TE = 48 ms; field of view = 90 mm × 40 mm; 21, 28, or 35 slices (depending on the size of the mouse); and a matrix size of 256 × 192. The coronal images were obtained using respiration gaiting with 7 forced block slices to minimize motion artifacts. Images were archived as DICOM, and central slices including a cross section of the bladder were chosen for comparison of resultant gross anatomy. The ultrasound images were completed using a Visual Sonics Vevo 2100 high-resolution small animal ultrasound. Animal hair in the area of interest was removed via shaving and chemical depilatory (Nair, Church & Dwight Co. Inc.). Mice were placed supine on a thermo-regulated platform. Prewarmed gel was applied to cover the abdomen, and the area was manually surveyed to determine approximate size and location of the prostate. Three dimensional images were then obtained using the 3-dimensional functionality of the VEVO2100. Postprocessing of the images, including calculation of prostate volume, was completed using the VEVO2100 1.1.1 software.
Measurements and images for figures were taken from images that displayed the bladder to ensure comparable anatomy and measurement sites between animals. All MRIs and ultrasound images were taken with the same acquisition parameters between animals (to ensure same scale comparisons/measurements).
Histopathologic analysis
To assess effect of Polyphenon E on prostate cancer progression and metastasis, each lobe of the prostate, the liver, lungs, and kidneys were subjected to histologic analysis. Each lobe of prostate was evaluated separately (i.e., anterior, dorsal, lateral, and ventral lobes) because lesions have been demonstrated to progress differently in each lobe. Prostates collected at necropsy were assessed and scored for epithelial pathology as previously described (23). Briefly, scoring of proliferative epithelial lesions in the prostate was based on histologic growth patterns observed in each individual lobe. Severity of proliferative lesions was divided into 6 principle categories, 3 levels of hyperplasia, 2 levels of adenoma, and adenocarcinoma, each of which were classified as either focal, multifocal, or diffuse. Prostate epithelial hyperplasia of increasing severity presented as simple, flat epithelial lesions with increased basophilia and crowding (grades 1–3), the presence of papillary or cribriform structures and epithelial piling (grades 4–6), or protruding papillary or cribriform structures projecting into the lumen with or without smooth muscle proliferation (grades 7–9). Prostate adenoma presented as papillary or cribriform structures occupying a significant portion of the acinus lumen (grades 10–12), or papillary or cribriform structures filling and/or expanding the acinus lumen (grades 13–15). Prostate adenocarcinoma presented as poorly differentiated epithelia locally invasive beyond the acinus capsule with or without metastasis (grades 16–18). The grade of the most advanced lesion was identified for each lobe and its distribution estimated semiquantitatively. A numerical score combining grade and distribution of the most advanced lesion in each lobe was assigned and termed the "distribution-adjusted lesion grade"; the mean of these scores was calculated for each treatment group. The presence or absence of metastatic prostate cancerous cells in distant organ sites including the lymph nodes, liver, lung, or kidney was determined.
Statistical analysis
Mean distribution–adjusted lesion grades for treated and untreated mice were compared using a Student t test or ANOVA and proportions were compared using a χ2 test. All analyses were done using Statistical Analysis System version 9.3 (SAS Institute, Inc.) and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Safety of Polyphenon E
There was no noticeable toxicity with regards to mouse appearance, behavior, or changes in prostate and body weights after 32 weeks of treatment for all the 3 doses of Polyphenon E in C57BL6J mice. As expected, the prostate and body weight of C57BL/6J mice in all 3 groups increased with age. However, there was no statistically significant difference of body and prostate weights between control and treated groups (Supplementary Fig. S1A and S1B). Furthermore, no discernible histopathologic changes were observed in the liver, lung, or any prostate lobe of C57BL/6J mice treated with the 3 different doses of Polyphenon E (Fig. 1A–D). In hematology and serum biochemistry, none of the variables were changed by long-term treatment of Polyphenon E except hemoglobin. The hemoglobin levels in the treated group were increased 3% to 6% as compared with the control (Table 1).
Effect of Polyphenon E on prostate cancer development and progression
To determine the effect of Polyphenon E on the progression of prostate cancer, 7-week-old TRAMP mice were treated with 3 doses (i.e., 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day) of Polyphenon E until 12, 22, or 32 weeks old. Similar to C57BL/6J mice, there was no statistically significant change of body and prostate weights among treated and untreated TRAMP mice (Supplementary Fig. S1C and S1D). However, we observed a significant difference of prostate weight between untreated C57BL/6J and TRAMP mice at 32 weeks of age (P < 0.001).
To determine whether metastasis of the primary tumor had occurred, we examined the tissue for the presence or absence of cancerous cells in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and lymph nodes. All the untreated TRAMP controls (100%, 8/8) developed metastasis after 32 weeks of age compared with only 13% of mice (2/16) treated with high-dose Polyphenon E during the same period (Fig. 2A). In addition, we observed a significant dose-dependent inhibition of metastasis development with Polyphenon E treatment (P = 0.0003).
Histopathologic evaluation of each lobe of the prostate gland revealed contrasting differences in appearance. Histologic morphology of the anterior, dorsal, lateral, and ventral lobes of the prostate gland from 32-week-old C57BL/6J mice with high-dose Polyphenon E treatment was normal, but significantly different compared with corresponding prostate lobes of age-matched TRAMP mice (Fig. 1E–L) administered the same life-long high dose of Polyphenon E. Among 59 lobes histologically evaluated in 32-week-old TRAMP mice with high-dose Polyphenon E treatment, prostate carcinoma were found in only 5% (3/59), whereas most lobes (96%, 53/59) contained either prostate epithelial hyperplasia (Fig. 1E–H) or prostate adenoma (Fig. 1J–L). Hyperplastic prostate epithelium (Fig. 1E–H) of TRAMP mice was crowded, basophilic, stratified, and formed cribriform or papillary structures that projected into the lumens. Hyperplastic prostate lobes were often surrounded by proliferating smooth muscle (Fig. 1F) or fibrous connective tissue (Fig. 1H). The prostate adenoma (Fig. 1I–L) in TRAMP mice occupied a significant portion of the prostate acinus lumen as a distinct mass causing distortion or compression of the surrounding glandular tissue.
Prostate cancers of untreated TRAMP mice presented as either an expansile mass of proliferating cells that invaded beyond the acinus basement membrane into the interstitium (Fig. 3A, arrow) or as a cribriform, papillary, tubular mass of well-differentiated epithelial cells with supporting stroma that expanded well beyond the acinus capsule and effaced normal glandular structures (Fig. 3B), or as a sheet of pleomorphic epithelial cells that invaded and surrounded glandular acini (Fig. 3C). Furthermore, the tumors were often composed of anaplastic, pleomorphic cells (Fig. 3D and E), with one or multiple metastases to distant foci, including the lymph node (Fig. 3F), lung (Fig. 3G), kidney (Fig. 3H), or liver (Fig. 3I).
We compared the mean distribution-adjusted lesion grades of each lobe of the prostate gland among the control and low, medium, and high Polyphenon E treatment groups of TRAMP mice. At 12 or 22 weeks of age, mean distribution-adjusted lesion grades of control and Polyphenon E treatment groups of TRAMP mice were not significantly different except within the lateral lobe of the 22-week-old Polyphenon E treatment groups (Supplementary Fig. S2C). A significant reduction of lesion progression in the lateral lobe of 22-week-old Polyphenon E–treated TRAMP mice was observed (control vs. treatment; 11.8 ± 2.6 vs. 8.8 ± 2.0, P = 0.004). At 32 weeks of age, the mean lesion grades of anterior, dorsal, and lateral lobes were significantly reduced in each of the low-, medium-, and high-dose Polyphenon E–treated cohorts compared with untreated TRAMP controls, P = 0.004, P = 0.004, and P = 0.001, respectively (Supplementary Fig. S2A–S2C).
Polyphenon E treatment clearly inhibited lesion progression to carcinoma when mean distribution–adjusted lesion grades of all prostatic lobes were considered together after 25 weeks of treatment from 7 to 32 weeks of age (Fig. 2B). In addition, we observed a dose-dependent response in the mean distribution-adjusted lesion grades of the anterior and dorsal lobes, as well as the total prostate in TRAMP mice at this 32 week of age interval (Fig. 2B and Supplementary Fig. S2A and S2B). These trends are evidenced by differences in the mean distribution adjusted grades between groups and by percentage of affected prostatic lobes. Sixty-one percent (17/28) of the prostate lobes of control TRAMP mice developed high-grade carcinoma (grades 16–18) as compared with 21% (8/38), 10% (4/40), and 5% (3/59) of the prostate lobes of TRAMP mice treated with low, medium, and high Polyphenon E, respectively (Fig. 2C).
In hematology and serum biochemistry, the only differences noted between cohorts were platelet and albumin, which were decreased 7% to 33% and 4% to 12%, respectively in the TRAMP mice administered a life-long high-dose treatment of Polyphenon E as compared with the controls. Means of hemoglobin and serum calcium were also different among cohorts, but there was no discernable trend (Table 2).
MRI and ultrasound analysis
MRI and ultrasound were used as a measure of tumor progression (Fig. 4A and B). The images were taken in sample mice at 32 weeks from each cohort: untreated controls (i) or mice treated with low (ii), medium (iii), or high (iv) doses of Polyphenon E. The MRI shows the high-resolution in vivo gross anatomy of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and bladder in each of the animals. The white arrows indicate the long axis of the prostate/seminal vesicle tumors showing a decrease in the size from untreated compared with treated (low, medium, or high) animals (Fig. 4A). The ultrasound images demonstrate decrease in the prostate tumor in the treated group (Fig. 4B), which was significant between control and all treated mice (P < 0.04; Table 3).
During necropsy, ex vivo images of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and kidneys were taken to show the final stage of the tumors in each treatment group. These images illustrate seminal vesicle involvement in each of the groups (Fig. 4C1–4).
In this study, we investigated the safety of Polyphenon E in C57BL/6J mice and its ability to inhibit the progression of prostate cancer in the TRAMP mouse model. We showed that long-term treatment with Polyphenon E is safe and well tolerated with no evidence of toxicity to major organs such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Treatment with Polyphenon E at any dose significantly inhibited the progression of prostate lesion formation. Our findings provide additional evidence of the safety and chemopreventive effect of green tea on prostate cancer and most significantly, the inhibition of prostate cancer development and progression to distant organ metastasis.
The slow progression of prostate cancer through initial hyperplasia to adenoma to adenocarcinoma and subsequently to metastatic disease provides an opportunity to intervene in the progression of the disease by chemoprevention (53–57). Intensive research efforts have been pursued to identify chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer and several substances have been evaluated in preclinical models (32, 55, 58–61), and human trials (62–65). Among all the agents examined to date, GTCs have been consistently promising. Because chemopreventive agents are intended for healthy individuals or patients, a high level of safety and anticancer benefits of green tea needs to be established. Our present findings together with previous findings (41–44, 66, 67) show that long-term use of a standardized GTC mixture such as Polyphenon E is safe and well tolerated with no adverse effect on major organs of the body, including the prostate.
Our finding that Polyphenon E inhibits the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice is similar to that observed in previous studies using other GTC mixtures (55, 58). These findings are promising and suggest that Polyphenon E is a potential chemoprevention agent for preventing metastatic progression of prostate cancer in humans, despite anatomical differences between the human and mouse prostate. Indeed, as previously stated, early clinical trials of green tea polyphenols involving human patients with prostate cancer have shown promising results, although results from these studies have been inconsistent. In some studies, minimal clinical activity or limited antineoplastic activity has been observed among patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer treated with GTEs (64, 65). In other studies, among men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, tumor incidence was significantly lower in green tea–treated men compared with placebo-treated men and the effect lasted for at least 1 year (62, 63). Previous studies in TRAMP mice have also shown that treatment with green tea at an early stage of prostate cancer is more effective than treatment at a later stage of the disease (32, 58–61). Taken together, these results suggest that intervention with green tea is more beneficial at an earlier stage of the disease. In our study, we started treatment when the TRAMP mice were 7 weeks old and had no signs of lesions. Unfortunately, we did not examine the effect of green tea at other stages of cancer development in this study. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that treatment at an early stage prevents the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice, confirming previous findings (32, 58–61).
Several mechanisms have been proposed for the anticancer properties of green tea on prostate cancer. Previous studies suggest that GTCs exert anticancer effects on prostate cancer cells by causing apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis (25, 36, 68–70). Our group has shown that GTCs, particularly EGCG, induced prostate epithelial cell apoptosis by inhibiting the proteasome pathway (33–35). As a result of proteasome inhibition, proteasome targets, p27 and IκBα accumulated in treated cells, leading to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis (33, 35). We have proposed a novel cumulative model in which GTCs cause proteasome inhibition, which results in cell-cycle arrest, inhibition of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis. We hypothesize that these mechanisms work in concert and largely through the NF-κB pathway (70). We are currently testing this model in our laboratory with Polyphenon E. Davalli and colleagues (71) showed that Polyphenon E administration inhibited the condensing and secretory activities of the endoplastic reticulum-golgi apparatus, suggesting that the endoplastic reticulum-golgi apparatus could also be the target of GTEs. There is a great need to conduct more studies to gain insight into the GTC-induced chemopreventive mechanisms against prostate cancer. These data are critical to identifying the most appropriate clinical settings to utilize green tea for prostate cancer chemoprevention.
In summary, our results suggest that a standardized mixture of GTCs–Polyphenon E inhibits the growth and progression of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice. Based on our observations, we have shown the safety and efficacy of Polyphenon E in inhibiting the progression of prostate cancer and its metastasis to distant sites in TRAMP mice. Our data support the epidemiologic evidence that green tea may reduce prostate cancer risk in humans. Our findings provide additional evidence for the safety and chemopreventive effect of Polyphenon E in preventing early as well as metastatic progression of prostate cancer.
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Authors' Contributions
Conception and design: N. Kumar, J.Y. Park
Development of methodology: H.Y. Park, R.W. Engelman, N. Kumar, J.Y. Park
Acquisition of data (provided animals, acquired and managed patients, provided facilities, etc.): S.J. Kim, M. Rincon, H. Cornnell, A.I. Hashim, R.W. Engelman, N. Kumar, J.Y. Park
Analysis and interpretation of data (e.g., statistical analysis, biostatistics, computational analysis): S.J. Kim, E. Amankwah, S. Connors, H. Cornnell, J. Choi, Y.-Y. Tsai, R.W. Engelman, N. Kumar, J.Y. Park
Writing, review, and/or revision of the manuscript: S.J. Kim, E. Amankwah, S. Connors, H. Cornnell, G. Chornokur, A.I. Hashim, J. Choi, R.W. Engelman, N. Kumar, J.Y. Park
Administrative, technical, or material support (i.e., reporting or organizing data, constructing databases): J.Y. Park
Study supervision: J.Y. Park
Grant Support
This work was supported by Polyphenon Pharma. Mitsui Norin Co., Japan.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Cancer Prevention Research Online (http://cancerprevres.aacrjournals.org/).
- Received December 12, 2013.
- Accepted January 17, 2014.
- ©2014 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Sunday, 26 July 2015
Accur8Africa - BigData in Africa
Africa has data in abundance but it exists in a fragmented and disorganized manner. As a result, the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals will be largely unquantifiable. As we transition from the MDG's to the Sustainable Development Goals, and national governments meet to discuss the 17 goals that could transform the world by 2030, we believe that the African Continent deserves better and more accurate data.
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Kluczowe wyrazy i wyraŋenia
Adaptec Aldus Alpha AXP AMBRA Apple applications battery Brightworks built-in Calif CD-ROM charts chip client client/server color Compaq Computer configuration Connect Corp Corp.'s Corporation customers database designed desktop Digital disk display document Dolch Ethernet files Frame Relay graphics hard drive hardware HP Vectra includes InfoWorld installation integrated Intel Intel Corporation interface keyboard laptop leasing logo Lotus Microsoft Microsoft Corporation module monitor MS-DOS multimedia NetWare NEXTSTEP Norton Utilities notebook Novell ODBC offers options package PCMCIA Pentium performance port portable Power Mac Power Macintosh PowerPC processor provides registered trademark score screen server ship slide slots solution speed subnotebooks switch TableCurve TCP/IP technical support tested tion ToolBook Toshiba UNIX upgrade users vendors Visual Basic warranty Windows NT WordPerfect workstation


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Unicorns and Beetles. And it's an iPhone case?
[toggle title="Watch the Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro Review on YouTube"]
Today we're going to be reviewing the Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro. Yep, the case brand is Supcase and the name of the case is Unicorn Beetle Pro. We initially thought that this was all a joke but after using this case, we think it's pretty awesome and come on, what's not to like when there's Unicorns and Beetles?
The Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro case feels well built and the build-in screen protector is actually quite nice. This is a fairly tough iPhone case and we only say that because it has a built in screen protector. Despite that, we don't think its as tough as actual tough cases such as the Amzer Crusta and Ballistic Hardcores.
Access to your iPhone is generally quite good and but we're not so sure about certain aspects of the build quality and the entire case is pretty slick despite having lots of texture.
Based on our time with the case, we gave it a score of 4 Eh's out of 5. This case does better than the Speck CandyShell, the Otterbox Symmetry but not as well as another case with built in screen protectors, the Poetic Revolution. It's still a far stretch from our current top rated cases which include the Tech 21 and Griffin Survivor Core. If you're wondering how this case fares against other cases, check out our comparison tool!
Compare With other
|Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro
(out of 5)
Full Review
|Similar Cases
Similar Cases:
Poetic Revolution
Speck MightyShell with Faceplate
Thule Atmos X4
|Top Buy Buttons
- Feels well-built
- Built-in screen protector
- Higher than average dust protection
- Gap between screen protector around the Touch ID
- Hardware ports don't close fully after being used
- The Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro is very slick
|Potential Problems
|Potential Problems:
- Cleaning the case every once in a while is recommended to remove dust between the iPhone and screen protector
|Design Rating
(Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro)
|Weight/Bulk/Install (3/5):
- Will double the thickness of your iPhone
- Fairly light for its size
|Build Quality
|Build Quality (3.5/5):
- Need to remove any currently installed screen protectors
- Hardware port flaps feel well-built but stay open after extended use
|Protection Rating
(Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro)
|General Protection
|General Protection (4/5):
- Not drop rated
- Screen protector included
- Higher than average dust protection
|Functionality Rating
(Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro)
|iPhone Functionality
|iPhone Functionality (4.5/5):
- Easy to access iPhone inside Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro
- 1-handed handling is a little more difficult due to the slickness of the case
|Screen Functionality
|Screen Functionality (5/5):
- Screen protector doesn't get in the way of accessing your iPhone 6 or 6 plus's screen
|Bottom Purchase Buttons
Design – Nothing special here but more importantly, there are no fatal flaws
In terms of design, the Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro will double the thickness of your iPhone. This is one of the bigger slim iPhone cases that we've come across but doesn't make the iPhone seem clumsy to handle.
During our test period for this Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro Review we discovered that the case generally fits well together and it does come with a screen protector so if you have an existing screen protector, we'd recommend that you take it off. Now at the beginning of the review, we mentioned an issue with the build quality and it involves the flaps that cover the hardware ports. The port flaps feel pretty solid but if you're using headphones with the case, the port flap is going to deform temporarily. Now, give it a few hours and the port cover eventually fits back into place but we think it's something that shouldn't happen.
Protection – Not drop-rated but it'll protect your iPhone from day-to-day drops
In terms of protection, this is going to be a tougher slim iPhone case. The only knock that we have against it is that its not drop rated so we really have no idea how high we can drop it. The Unicorn Beetle Pro includes a screen protector that offers great view ability of the iPhones touch screen. There's no diffusion and the glare is pretty minimized.
The case is generally covered from dust (better than most slim cases) but if your pocket has lots of pocket lint, it's going to get between the screen protector and the iPhone around the Touch ID sensor.
Functionality – Nothing special but again, that's not a bad thing
In terms of functionality, getting to your iPhone is a breeze. There's nothing stopping you from accessing any of the buttons or hardware ports but we do feel that the Supcase beetle needs to be a little grippier. The textured bumpers are nice but its smooth and doesn't feel rubbery.
Screen access? Its pretty good despite the fact that there is a slight gap at the bottom of the case around the Touch ID cutout. The screen protector extends past the touchable area of the iPHone which is nice and angles of the edges are at an angle that doesn't get in the way of accessing your touchscreen.
The Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro does come with a belt holster and its a pretty average case. The release mechanism is part of the entire case so it's not as other belt holsters.
Have questions about our Supcase Unicorn Beetle Pro Review for the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus? Please ask them on our Google+ page or on our Facebook page.
5 Comments
I have the Supcase full body water resistant version of this case. I modified it by removing the screen protector and replacing it with a tempered glass full coverage protector. It is now the best iPhone case ever for normal everyday drops of the iPhone. I totally love it. It is a slim tank when this is done.
The Supcase full body water resistant version you speak of, is it the one with the removable back plates? What thickness tempered glass would you recommend? Did you just peel away the screen protector? And I assume the water resistant nature of the case remaind intact? This for me is the deal breaker in getting the supcase. One other question, do you think this would work for the Unicorn Bettle Pro version?
Much Appreciated
I have an existing tempered glass installed. I dont want to take it off, will it make a difference on the way how you use the screen with double layered of it?
Pingback: Clumsy much? Try this case! Trident Cyclops Review - iPhone 6


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These are strange, dark days in our country. Though a platitude, I keep thinking this feels like the best of times and the worst of times. The bigotry, hatred, racism and isolationist policies swirling around the White House are horrifying and shocking. Watching our communities rise up, work together to resist, motivates and reminds me how beautiful people… Continue reading Ban the Ban
Category: Politics
How We Can Remain Vigilant in the Face of Authoritarianism
As we head into Donald Trump's inauguration, I felt strengthened by this post from Amy Siskind, President & Co-founder of The New Agenda, about keeping track of small and subtle changes that we notice. The point here is to avoid waking up one with without any of our civil rights, thinking "how did this happen?" Of course this harkens… Continue reading How We Can Remain Vigilant in the Face of Authoritarianism
Bathrobe Mornings
It's MLK day. The news is distressing, hearing our president-elect call NATO obsolete, call civil-rights leader John Lewis "all-talk no-action." I wake up feeling itchy and unsettled. I want to take action against all of this negative jargon, racism, bigotry, hate, and fear-mongering. But I'm sitting in my bathrobe, listening to NPR, drinking coffee, writing a… Continue reading Bathrobe Mornings


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The author explains to women why men constantly check them out. And why it's OK.
Ladies. All (straight) men look at you. We notice every curve. Every detail. Your clothes. Your hair. We love your voice, and your beautiful eyes. Your hips call us, and your shapely legs mesmerize us. We want you. We lust for you. We, myself, that dude in the corner, even that really old guy, we all want to sleep with you.
But here's the kicker.
Just because we would like to, doesn't mean we'll try to.
Once again, women of the world.
Just because a man would LIKE to sleep with you, doesn't mean he'll TRY to.
I'm writing this, because I think something's been lost in this particular dialogue between men and women. I understand that women have fought for respect for decades, and that they have the right to not be ogled by creeps. I am all for women's rights (really common sense rights for all humans). I'm totally against any form of sexual harassment, and inappropriate sexual conversations in the workplace and social situations.
However. Men are men. And most (typical) men go all reptile brain when they see a woman that they are attracted to. We can't help it. One of my personal heroes, sports radio host Colin Cowherd, has said several times, "Two things make smart men dumb. Sports and hot women" I'm sure Gandhi himself would high five a stranger if he saw Kim Kardashian walking down the street. Men love women. Men go crazy for hot women or things about a woman we may individually consider hot. We may not show it. We may stop drooling just in time to turn our gaze downward when the woman we may be drooling over sees us, but we are watching.
And that's OK.
Just because we would like to, doesn't mean we'll try to.
This goes for all women. Yes, we'll obviously lose our shit over the hottie who's gym toned and has 4% body fat. But we (men) are also checking out the full figured woman at the other end of the bar, and the older woman at the gas station. Good men (plugging) like what they like, and lust after what they consider sexy.
But ladies. Please remember. We don't mean any harm. We are just appreciating one of the coolest creations God has ever made. You. The woman. All of you. If you catch a man out the corner of your eye, (respectfully) checking you out? Don't get mad. Don't get upset.
Just because we would like to… doesn't mean we'll try to.
Photo Dmitry Mordolff/Flickr


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Zaffar Khan our Khelo Rugby Manager in Kabul in conversation with the Captain of the Afghanistan Rugby team
With Ramadan and Eid out of the way our Kabul Khelo coaching has moved into full flow. Our community coaches have swung into full action with regular coaching now at eight communities every day of the week. Fantastic weather and a motivated team am sure there is more to come in the upcoming months and things will get better and bettter. The kids have been super excited to be at training. Some children start as early as 5.30am and the kids are much better than the Kabul government civil servants at going to the office, they are on time, ready to go and full of energy. We've also had some of the big boys from the Afghanistan Rugby team come out to some of the trainings including the Afghanistan Rugby captain Sayed Mustafa Sadat. The children always love it when he is around…and why not 6ft 2in big shoulders and a very handsome guy, he is very hard to miss. But the kids do not love him for his image but for being a good person, Mustafa is very gentle and full of humor with the kids. He recently donated half his liver to his mother who was struggling for life. He has been both a sport and human idol to all of Afghanistan.
We caught up with Mustafa over cup of green tea (the best thing to have while in a conversation in Afghanistan) and asked him about Khelo and Rugby.
Did you enjoy the training today with the Khelo Rugby children?
Yes the training was really good the kids are very excited to learn a lot about the game and I think they will become very good players. They are learning from a very young age and so they will learn quickly. They will need to get stronger physically and mentally but that will happen with time.
What did you like about the training?
The training is very interesting because the important things are well taken care of…for example being punctual, respecting your team mates and more important the training is fun. There are lots of fun games being played. Which I think will always get the kids motivated and interested to come back to the training.
What do you think about the concept of Khelo Rugby as a community project?
Yes it is good…Khelo is doing a very good job. What it is doing is growing rugby in Afghanistan and that's important because until and unless we develop the sport with children and young people we will not have a good grassroots. Which in turn will mean we would not develop a big variety of players to choose from. I know it will take time and we must have patience. What Khelo is doing ,I think in a few years time we will have a good base of players to choose form.
How do you think we can grow rugby in Afghanistan?
Afghanistan Rugby Federation (ARF) needs to invest in the national team and give us more exposure and facility so that the national team can work in learning and developing the skills. Also the same for the kid's rugby. We need to find financial support and also coaching support for all of us so that we can grow as a proud rugby playing nation.
Tell us some thing about your first sport and why rugby?
Laughs… my first sport was very different from rugby but yes lot of running involved also but not contact and we passed with our legs. I used to be a very good football player, well still now though I have not practiced since I have joined rugby, I represented Afghanistan in the U19 football also but after an injury I had to quit playing. I was also in the Afghanistan National kick boxing teams for 4 years years. I think I was doing very well. I like rugby because it is a contact sport and the most important is it is a very good team sport, football is a team sport but what is interesting about rugby is that you have to really work hard for each other. It is not an individual sport, you have to rely on each other…it is like a house of cards one falls and the whole will fall…every one needs to step up to the challenge and work together.
What is your basic dream for rugby in Afghanistan?
My basic dream about Afghanistan is to now participate into the Asian 5 Nations championship, people talk about the world cup and more but we have to be realistic, it's not that easy. Teams in Asia like Japan and Hong Kong are way above the rest of the Asian teams and even they find it difficult to jump the qualifying round of the world cup… so we have to be realistic and focus on the plan rather than the unachievable image at the moment. I think I would like Afghanistan to participate in the Asian Division 5 next year and begin working our way up the ladder.
I enjoyed chatting with Mustafa over a few green teas and it was great that he took time out to be with the kids. Khelo Rugby is really kicking on here in Kabul and it's very exciting to be involved in the development of rugby and to be giving all the Khelo children such a good time.


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Finally it's approved to move forward to council
Click here to watch the latest video on the vote to change the ordinance. We were sold a system by a contractor that caused us a 2 year approval process with the city that involved an intensive legal discussion and many legal threats by the city and contractor. Why? No city resident should have to endure this in the future because we have made a path.
Discussion – 2018 Planning Commission Work Plan Item – Continue Solar Ordinance Review.Ready to find out more?
The purpose of this item is to continue review of the Solar Ordinance which is an item on the 2018 Planning Commission Work Plan. On March 26, 2018 staff provided a background report and reviewed the history of the solar ordinance, issues associated with some of the aesthetic standards See attached minutes and Planning Commission Background from the March 26, 2018 meeting for reference.
Click Here to Read about
City Council also shines a light on a growing business
Burnsville – 2015 article -prepares for new solar power
Minnesota overhauls interconnection standards to streamline clean energy
May 24, Minnesota made new strides for clean energy and became the third state in the Midwest in the last three years to adopt wholesale reforms to their state interconnection procedures — creating a more transparent and effective interconnection process for customers.
Minnesota bill would prevent homeowners associations from banning solar
Homeowners associations and municipalities across the country have attempted to restrict the installation of solar panels, leading to conflict, litigation and legislation in many communities and states.
Solar easements in Minnesota
Minnesota law does allow for the negotiation of solar easements. Statute 500.30 lays out the rules and required components of a solar easement. The easement rule allows you to negotiate with your neighbors to ensure your access to sunlight is secured for the life of your system
Bill to remove state's solar energy goal would send 'powerful signal,' state official tells lawmakers
An effort to limit mandates on power companies would exempt some utility companies from the solar energy standard less than two years before the compliance date.
Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit
Program Overview
Basic Roof Designs
What is the issue? Hip vs Gable Roofs?
Common Sense vs Logic
Does this make sense? The idea of fake panels seems flawed to me.
1.) Even if the fakes/copies are good, they will weather differently that the originals, and when they do, not only fool no one, but maybe draw more and unwanted attention.
2.) They will need to be designed/checked for wind, etc.
3.) The city will still need to review/signoff.
it's Hip to be square
What can be done to solve this?
after paying the city a $1750 conditional use permit fee and years of meetings and research. They have sent me a letter stating I need faux triangular solar or they will issue a citation and revocation of a solar permit to harvest the energy from the sun.
Meeting Video
As a solar supporter, I encourage my municipality to:
· Create and make available an online checklist detailing the steps of our community's solar permitting process.
· Provide a streamlined permitting pathway for small solar systems with turn-around time of no more than three days.
These common-sense actions will show that our local government encourages and supports locally-generated clean energy and greater access to solar for all.
A bill for an act relating to real property; prohibiting certain restrictions on the use of residential
solar energy systems; amending Minnesota Statutes 2012, sections 515.07;
515B.2-103; 515B.3-102; proposing coding for new law in Minnesota Statutes,
chapter 500.
Minnesota – HF2918 – 2014
click here to for the advanced energy legislation tracker
Cut the Solar RED TAPE – read the article
Complicated permitting processes make going solar more difficult. Municipalities should work together to lower this barrier.
Solar energy benefits all Minnesotans by reducing electric bills, creating local jobs, and spurring economic development. But too many Minnesotans face unnecessary challenges to going solar in the form of municipal "red tape" such as local permitting fees and lengthy utility interconnection approval. These administrative obstacles can be the difference between a quick, affordable solar installation and a costly one. Don't let burdensome red tape hold you back from going solar!
Urge your municipality to make going solar easier
For 2 years I have applied to planning commission to see if I can help.
Next Steps…
Our annual city meeting for the solar ordinance review was held on March 26th, 2018 – they said they would consider changing. I received the letter 2 days after


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Practical work and subject knowledge
As teachers we spend a large proportion of our time in lessons on practical activities, because we know that good quality practical work can engage students and help them to develop their understanding of concepts.
Practical work supports the building of links between what our students see and physically do, and the scientific ideas behind their observations.
So far this week we have considered progression in skills but we also need to consider the progression in conceptual understanding that students need to have developed to be able to explain what they are observing.
If our students develop good microscope skills and are able to produce good slides of the red outer skin of rhubarb, they can use these to observe the effects of osmosis on cells and see the process of plasmolysis after concentrated salt solution is passed across.
Rhubarb cells
Rhubarb cells which have plasmolysed
Once they have seen this happen they can then try to explain what they have observed using the scientific ideas behind the process of osmosis.
Instructions for this activity are in additional links below.
In order for your students to be able to explain their observations what knowledge would your students need to have prior to this practical? When would you teach these concepts?
Post your ideas below.
© STEM Learning


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Spongebob Excludes Squidward
Squidward Tentacles likes to bully Spongebob so often that Spongebob can not tolerate him any more and he decides to get revenge. Click the character to change its shape, so that you can help Spongebob to jostle Squidward Tentacles down from the platform.
Spongebob Excludes Squidward is a cool game which you can play for free online at GamesSoCool.Spongebob Excludes Squidward is one of the coolCartoon,Puzzle,Spongebob,Level games to play similar games of cool, check out or or the all time best cool games page.


text: Sharon Ruben, Top National Ranger, from NorthWest Territories 12 Saturday Aug 2017 Posted by seanadb in Uncategorized ≈ Leave a comment Tags1CRPG, Award, Inuit, Ranger I spoke with Sharon Ruben from Northwest Territories, who was awarded the top national ranger in Yellowknife. Sharon is part of the 1CRPG (1st Canadian Ranger Patrol Group). Share this:TwitterFacebookLike this:Like Loading... Related


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Hard-working with broad experience in marketing, brand strategy and employer communications…
My range of experience makes me equally suited to develop solutions for live events, digital experiences or content marketing.
Personal qualities
Always a team player. Always results-driven.
Solutions have to begin with marketplace insights and strategic goals. Once I have those, I'm ready to diagram an effective solution.
Creativity is a magnet for audience engagement. I look for creative solutions that drive powerful and rewarding user experiences.
I try to tap into people's best thinking when presenting a new idea. Listening for collaborative feedback always gets me energized.
Constant evolution is the driver for new and improved user experiences. Technology almost always offers a new opportunity to stand apart.
Professional Timeline
Success = Learning + Impact
I'm happy to provide more detailed discussion about each of the experiences listed here, including case summaries, upon request.
Jan 2017 - ...
Ray Ferreira Communications Strategies
PrincipalDelivering freelance and retained communications strategies, focused on providing differentiated brand positioning, engaging communication plans and high-impact content in the form of story-telling written copy, persuasive presentations, engaging off-camera interviews and energetic workshops.
Apr 1998 - Jan 2017
BNO, A Creative Agency
VP Employer Communications... VP Strategy... Creative Director, Copy... Director, Client Services...Led strategy across a range of employer communication, healthcare, transportation and financial services accounts. Developed relationships with leading US and global businesses. Designed and facilitated brand discovery workshops, focus-group research, off-camera interviews and C-suite presentations. Pitched and won new businesses from companies ranging from regional startups to Fortune-50 global leaders.
Nov 1996 - Apr 1998
Integrated Computer Management
Marketing Communications DirectorRedeveloped corporate brand, value proposition, and identity system, reporting directly to CEO. Redesigned and developed corporate website and trade show booth to serve two key service segments. Established service line briefing kit for sales teams. Engaged media for regional and national business-page coverage. Oversaw agency relationship for all PR activities. Let recruitment marketing campaign development.
Sep 1986 - Oct 1996
SGC Creative Group, Inc.
Founder and Managing DirectorLed design, strategy, and copy for this 12-person communication design firm, working verticals of power engineering, global transportation, telecommunications, pharmaceutical R&D, consumer healthcare and vision care. Develop early web and interactive experiences for Fortune-500 companies in transportation and power engineering.
Jun 1980 - Sep 1986
The Interstate Network
Account Executive... Quality Control Manager... InternLed account team for printing and pre-press services across verticals of pharmaceutical packaging, electronic components, public relations and foods. Advised teams on color reproduction, paper handling, prepress automation and facilities design. Instituted company's first six-sigma quality assurance program for project intake, prepress, raw materials, pressroom, and bindery operations.
Rochester Institute of Techology – Bachelor of Science, Publishing Technology and Management
Academic focus on Photographic Science, Digital Imaging, Computer Systems in the Graphic Arts, Financial Controls, Cost-Management and Estimating Systems, and Publishing Management. Independent studies in Quality Control for Color Printing and Advanced Computer Applications for Estimating and Analytics. Managing Editor for RIT's weekly student newsmagazine. Publisher of RIT's Monthly Student Activities Calendar. Graduated with honors.


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Contains 1 bag each of our potions teas, for a total of 4 bags.
Each bag is *SAMPLE* sized and will allot for 3 cups per bag. Use 1 tsp per cup.
Vegan friendly; Decaf & caffeine mix. See individual blends for details.
Amortentia Tea (Caffeinated)
Ingredients: Black tea, oolong tea, cocoa nibs, natural chocolate** flavor, natural strawberry flavor, natural almond* flavor, strawberries, raspberry leaves, cinnamon, sprinkles.
Steep at 212° for 3 mins.
Liquid Luck Tea (Caffeinated)
Ingredients: Black tea, natural vanilla flavor, natural hazelnut* flavor, natural caramel flavor, cocoa nibs, cinnamon, peppercorn, natural chocolate** flavor.
Steep at 212° for 3 mins.
Polyjuice Potion (Caffeinated)
Ingredients: Green tea, orange, natural spice flavor, natural vanilla flavor, cinnamon, ginger, apple pieces.
Steep at 180° for 2 mins.
Sleep Draught (Decaf)
Ingredients: Decaf ceylon tea, peppermint, chamomile, marigold, natural vanilla flavor.
Steep at 212° for 4 mins.
* = almond & hazelnut flavors do not contain any nut ingredients.
** = chocolate flavor does not contain any dairy ingredients.


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National Borders and Medieval Spaces (08/10/2010; Kalamazoo, MI 5/12-15/10)
Panel Title: "National Borders and Medieval Spaces"
This panel investigates the role modern national geographic, linguistic and textual borders play in our understanding and reading of the medieval past. Under question in this panel are concepts related to pure vs. hybrid languages, genres and literatures, national literary canons, borders and border spaces, and the idea of community, whether political, literary, or otherwise. Ideally this panel includes a broad range of
European literary traditions and aims to problematize the divide between medieval and modern. The notion of borders is broadly conceived and can address nation, discipline, time, genre, gender, etc. Areas of investigation might include:
• Ninteenth-century medievalisms and nation building.
• Franco-Italian epic and national canon creation.
• Questioning generic boundaries between epic and romance.
• The idea of Old French: the French of England, Italy, etc.
• The idea of nation and patria in the Middle Ages.
• Identity, gender and sexuality as it relates to borders, modern and medieval.
• Post-colonial interpretations of the Middle Ages and temporal decolonization.
• Conceptions of geography and space, modern and medieval.
Abstracts between 250-300 words for papers of 15 minutes are invited by 10 August 2010. The abstract should also include a 50-word biographical note and AV requests.
We will send acceptances by 1 October 2010.
Contact: Steve McCormick, University of Oregon, Department of Romance Languages, email@example.com


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Two Twins minor leaguers draw suspensions
BY foxsports • March 13, 2012
NEW YORK (AP) -- Two minor league pitchers in the Minnesota Twins' organization have been suspended 50 games each under baseball's minor league drug program.
Major League Baseball announced Tuesday that Yeison Florentino and Ezequiel Zarzuela each tested positive. They both play on the Twins' team in the Dominican Summer League team.
The suspensions are effective at the start of this season.
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