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Written by: Michaela Oldfield
Primary Source: Institute of Food Laws and Regulations Blog
You know the scene. There's that container of yogurt idling in your fridge. It had a best buy date of a week ago, maybe more. Is it just idling, or is it festering? Should you eat it, or toss it?
This is a conundrum faced by consumers every day, and what do to about their confusion has been getting some recent news coverage. There is a movement happening to address the use of dates in food labels, because they are creating confusion that leads to consumers throwing away perfectly safe food. Even Wal-Mart is getting in on the action.
This issue of labeling is part of a larger, much more complex issue of how to address food waste. Here's some of the other issues implicated in food waste reduction efforts:
- Why is food being wasted? Because of cosmetic standards, because of food safety standards, because there's too many calories in our food system for how many people we have? The food waste solution depends on what you see as the cause of the problem.
- Is this about reducing waste to improve sustainability, make more food available, or save consumers money? Is reducing food waste the right approach to tackle that particular problem?
- Food "waste" can actually be redirected into food "recovery" when it is donated to anti-hunger organizations. But who bears the cost of collecting, distributing and disposing of unusable foods? And is it just to expect low-income individuals to rely on recovered food for their nutritional and caloric needs?
- The best way to reduce waste is to not produce or purchase more than can be consumed, which reduces the availability of food for recovery – how might food waste reduction initiatives operate at counter purposes with each other?
- If we reduce food waste, does that reduce food demands, depressing prices or causing problems for the food industry that needs to sell more food?
There are more issues. Those are just a few that have occurred to me as I've been considering the issues and implications of food waste in the U.S. While focusing on date labeling makes sense because its low hanging fruit, these complications make me a little concerned about the strategy. It runs the risk of making it seem that a simple switch by industry and behavioral change by consumers will be a sufficient quick-fix.
Nonetheless, given the recent coverage of food date labels, here's a brief intro/refresher on some food date labeling law.
Consumption dates on foods in the United States are governed by the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. §341 et seq. However, contrary to what many consumers might think, most foods are not required to have any sort of "consume by" or expiration date. For the most part, dates must be used in a manner that is not 'misbranded", 21 U.S.C. § 331(a), meaning they cannot be "false or misleading in any particular", 21 U.S.C. § 343(a)(1). The one exception is that infant formula must be labeled with "use by" dates. 21 C.F.R. § 107.20.
Other than that, it's up to companies to decide what dates to use and even whether to put any sort of dates.
This issue came up a few years ago in United States v. Farinella, 558 F.3d 695 (7th Cir. 2009), in which the FDA prosecuted a man for misbranding salad dressing when he changed the "best when purchased by" date on the bottles.
The prosecutor in the case took "best when purchased by" to be the same thing as expiration dates, id. at 697, and prosecuted the man on the grounds that it was a safety issue. But that's not really what those date labeling terms mean.
There's no consensus on exactly what "best when purchased by" or "best when used by" dates mean 558 F.3d at 698. They're generally about freshness and taste, but it's up to the manufacturer to decide what these dates should be based on their knowledge of the product's shelf life. Id. And in theory, anyone in the distribution chain could make a judgement about the products quality decline and relabel accordingly (though that could constitute a breach of contract between the manufacturer and distributor). Id. at 697.
Expiration dates can have a specific meaning. The FDA's regulation of infant formula requires "use by" dates which are calculated "on the basis of tests or other information showing that the infant formula, until that date, under the conditions of handling, storage, preparation, and use prescribed by label directions, will: (1) when consumed, contain not less than the quantity of each nutrient, as set forth on its label; and (2) otherwise be of an acceptable quality (e.g., pass through an ordinary bottle nipple)." 21 C.F.R. 107.20(c).
Some states also regulate the "use by" and other labeling dates, with considerable variation as to whether it's for safety or other fair-marketing reasons. (See the NRDC report the Dating Game for an inventory of states' labeling laws.)
In the case of United States v. Farinella, since it was being prosecuted under the FDCA, Farinella had done nothing violating that law and so his conviction was overturned.
This confusion over the date labeling arose more recently in Chase v. Bros. Int'l Food Corp., 3 F. Supp. 3d 49 (W.D.N.Y. 2014). In that case, Chase complained to his employer about the date labels being changed, was fired for not signing a non-disclosure agreement that would have restricted him making the information public, and subsequently brought a false termination claim against his employer under the whistleblower protection provisions of the Food Safety Modernization Act, 21 U.S.C.A. § 399d(a).
Whether the employee's activity was protected under the whistleblower provision turns in part on whether the employee had a reasonable belief that the law was being violated. "It is well settled that an employee's mistaken belief that an employer has violated a law may nevertheless be reasonable provided that the totality of the circumstances establishes that a reasonable employee considering the same facts could have concluded that the employer had violated the law." 3 F.Supp.3d 49 at 54. Consequently, the labeling date confusion exposes food manufacturers to some potentially difficult employment situations.
So long story short: there's no consistent federal requirements on what labeling dates should be. Representative Pingree has introduced legislation to try to address this. But in the meantime, so long as the terms and dates are used in a not-misleading manner, food companies can apply dates as they deem appropriate.
If FDA agents and food company employees can't understand these laws, it's no wonder that consumers are confused too!
Latest posts by Michaela Oldfield (see all)
- Label limbo: Use by when? According to whom? - August 25, 2016
- The dose makes the poison, who defines poison? - August 11, 2016
- The GMO labeling bill – what does it really mean? - July 25, 2016


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On March 6th we hosted our first ever fund raising dinner in Nairobi, Kenya. A unique message was prepared and presented by LIA President Dr. Florence Muindi and our documentary film 'This is my Home' was shown giving a glimpse into the reality of our ministry.
The keynote speaker for the evening was none other than His Excellency Daniel Arap Moi, 2nd President of Kenya. We are thankful for his encouraging words, time and thoughtful endorsement of our mission!
The President drew much media activity and we are excited to share a clip from Kenya Television Network covering the evening. The translations for the clip can be found below.
Thank you to the guests of this transformational evening, for your partnership and support of LIA. We also want to thank former President Daniel Arap Moi for his presence and message shared at our event.
Reporter: Retired President Daniel Arap Moi talking at a fund raising gathering dinner insisted to the Kenyans and Africa in general not to look unto people who do not deeply recognize their problems to seek solutions. He said to do that, is same as African continent being unable to cater for its responsibilities.
Moi: Most often Africans behave as if they expect sympathy from someone somewhere. We have a lesson today that an African scholar (Dr. Florence Muindi – LIA President) can abandon a promising career and rise to her feet.
Reporter: He said the steps to help those less fortunate in life and the sick is important. He praised the efforts of that organization (LIA) to help in areas of health, noting that the fight against HIV and Aids and food hunger is important though young people loose direction in today's life.
Moi: I can not say there is a shortage of good people in this world. But I can say, there is a shortage of people who are willing to inspire and encourage others.
Reporter: Ret. President Moi asked the main donors of that organization (LIA) to reflect on putting their headquarters in the country (Kenya).
Moi: Because this is an African driven initiative. It is only fair that Nairobi becomes the headquarters.
Reporter: The celebration took place in one of the hotels here in Nairobi.

subset: commoncrawl


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Microsoft Office is certainly the biggest player in the area of office applications. It's become the de-facto standard across the business world. It's also something Microsoft pushes fairly hard when you install Windows, by including the "starter" edition and the "Get Office" app in Windows 10.
There are many, many alternatives. Unfortunately, whether any of them are appropriate for your circumstance is impossible for me to say.
Let's review the list.
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Fixing Microsoft Office Starter
I don't have a solution for fixing Office starter. If I'm not mistaken, it's a trial, so you would eventually need to purchase the product to be able to use it for any length of time. One way to fix it, then, would be to do exactly that: purchase a copy of Microsoft Office.
The other way to "fix" it would be to uninstall it and explore your alternatives.
There are several good, free alternatives to Microsoft Office, but each will come with what I'll loosely call "issues", in that they may have shortcomings when compared to Office.
Libre Office and Apache Open Office
I'd start with LibreOffice.
Libre Office, and the very similar Apache Open Office, are the granddaddies of free Office alternatives. They've been around for many years.1
Libre Office is, like Microsoft Office, a "suite" of programs — a word processor, spreadsheet, database, presentation tool, and more. It's completely free, and works on Windows, MacOS, and Linux platforms.
The biggest issue with Libre Office and Open Office is that, while they are positioned as alternatives — right down to the "Office" moniker — they're not identical to Microsoft Office. They can read and write Microsoft Office file formats, but the results will appear different in each program (a common thread among all the alternatives).
For the average consumer, though, Libre Office will work just fine.
Microsoft Office Online
Microsoft Office Online, as its name implies, is a collection of online versions of Microsoft Office applications. Specifically, free, online versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote are all available.
The issues here include:
- These are very similar alternatives, but they are certainly not as full-featured as their desktop counterparts.
- They can only be used online, while connected to the internet.
- You will need a Microsoft account to use them.
Outside of those restrictions, Microsoft Office Online is a very capable alternative that will feel very comfortable if you're used to using Microsoft Office on the desktop.
Google Docs
Many consider the Microsoft online offering to be a direct response to the appearance of Google Docs. Google Docs, also free, includes an online word processor, spreadsheet, and presentation software.
Issues include:
- These programs include many of the same features as Microsoft Office, but not all.
- They can only be used online, while connected to the internet.
- You will need a Google account to use them.
Like Microsoft Office Online, Google Docs is a very capable alternative.
WordPad is certainly not a replacement for all of Office, and it doesn't meet your request for an Excel alternative, but it has turned into quite the little word processing program. If your needs are fairly basic, it might just do the trick.
Not only is it free, but it's already on your machine, since it's a part of Windows itself.
Sometimes there's no alternative
Since exactly which alternative works best for you will vary dramatically based on your own needs, I can only recommend you give these free alternatives a try. In addition, you'll find many more potential alternatives at alternative.to, a crowd-sourced list of alternatives to many popular programs.
It is, however, important to note that your needs may be such that there really is no alternative. If you're a Microsoft Office power-user, or you expect to use Microsoft Office add-ons, or you need to exchange high-fidelity documents with other Microsoft Office users, then it may be the case that only Microsoft Office itself will do.
If you found this article helpful, I'm sure you'll also love Confident Computing! My weekly email newsletter is full of articles that help you solve problems, stay safe, and give you more confidence with technology. Subscribe now and I'll see you there soon,
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An exciting release for us here at Aurosonic Music as we join the Raz Nitzan Music group of labels, and what away to get started! Aurosonic has built up a solid resume of gorgeous, vocally driven tracks and truly developed his own trademark sound. Joining him here on 'They Wait For Us', Denis Karpinskiy and the vocals of Kate Louise Smith.
– Aurosonic Music
The gifted Aurosonic collaborates with the superb Denis Karpinskiy and the always outstanding Kate Lousie Smith for the inspirational progressive vocal beauty The Wait For Us. Exceptional production with pulsating basslines, warm bubbly grooves and superb epic emotional synths along with Ibiza infused guitar riff in the breakdown along with breakbeat relaxing section within the breakdown. Ethereal melodies, subtle danceable rhythm, floating atmosphere and two great versions to choose from and warm up perfectly any trance set. The package includes the relaxing weekend chill out version that is decorated with warm strings, cinematic sounds and magical result. Great lyrics to sing a long and classy trance sounds that keep the Aurosonic legacy living on for decades.
Even when a light fills a space
And even though the space is a hole
It all began with no one
And even though the night hurts so much
And even though the mourning is so low
It all began with no one
Hey when the light spells a name
All the people who were the ones you loved
They wait for you
Said and done
All the people before
As they reach for the harbour of a thought
They wait for us
(Repeat all above)
Mid 8
Some people love
Some people die
Some people live in our hearts and minds
Some people stay
Some people change
Try to hold onto all that remains
Hey when the light spells a name
All the people who were the ones you loved
They wait for you
Said and done
All the people before
As the reach for the harbour of a thought
They wait for us
|They Wait For Us (Progressive Mix)
|They Wait For Us (Director's Cut)
|They Wait For Us (Chill Out Mix)
|They Wait For Us (Radio Edit)
Our Rating
|2nd May 2016
|Progressive Trance
|Aurosonic Music
|Catalog No:


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Catching up on everyone's stories. Always very impressed with the depth you add. Your story always makes me slightly interested in checking out the MLS more. Maybe I just need them to put a team in Vegas 😂
Getting the first goal in leg 2 will be important. Team has to be more clinical in front of goal.DonGabriel wrote: »This time lucky wasn't on your side. Despite the disadvantage, Chester Lee can bring out the best in his players, there's nothing won.
Away goals should matter, but whether FIFA19 properly handles that is a question. I have already found (and reported) a bug in the way FIFA handles playoff seeding. Truth is, I won't know until it happens.@Virtual_K if the aggregate score is a draw, but one has more away goals than the other, the match will go to overtime and penalties, right? At least that's My experience in FIFA 19
Couldn't score more than 1 goal in a match during the playoffs. NYCFC played tough, and they had their moments when pressing high worked against us. I thought our patience would pay off.Tough to go out like this.
I never seem to make it past a season, but there are some things about this one that makes me want to continue. A lot of players have/had expiring contracts, many of which Chester still has to deal with. In real life, Columbus was bought by billionaire Haslem from Precourt, so here is a chance in the game to have a buyout that matches real life. It's not a certainty that Chester Lee won't get fired because he didn't meet all the objectives. I'll see how things go.Tough to go out on penalties but the team had a great season. Will you be continuing another year?
Is there an echo?Tough to go out on penalties but the team had a great season. Will you be continuing another year?


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The Flash, Gotham, iZombie, and More Confirmed for WonderCon 2015 Panels
Will you be in Anaheim for WonderCon on April 3-5? Then you'll be able to see the casts of The Flash, Gotham, iZombie, and more!
In their latest programming preview, WonderCon confirmed panels from several popular shows from Warner Bros. On Friday, they will continue their "Special Screenings" tradition and screen episodes of The Flash and Gotham, as well as advance screenings of iZombie and Teen Titans Go!
Saturday, April 4, Gotham's Ben McKenzie, Donal Logue, Robin Lord Taylor and executive producer John Stephens will join fans for a special video presentation and Q&A. Saturday will also see panels with the cast of Teen Titans Go! and iZombie, which will also both include video presentations.
Then, on Sunday, April 5, The Flash stars Danielle Panabaker, Candice Patton, Carlos Valdes, as well as executive producers Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg will be present for a special video presentation and fan Q&A. Check out the full Warner Bros. schedule here.
WonderCon has released several other programming previews, including Marvel Comics and Image Comics, the latter of which features an appearance from Walking Dead creator Robert Kirkman.
And on Friday evening, Outer Places will be hosting our first-ever panel, called The Science of Star Wars:
5:00 - 6:00 The Science of Star Wars
Could Lightsabers ever be a reality? Does science matter when designing a Star Wars spacecraft? What does it take to resist the Dark Side of the Force? Join Fon Davis (production designer - Star Wars Prequel Movies) Bobak Ferdowsi (NASA flight engineer), Kieran Dickson (editor, Outerplaces.com), Travis Langley (Star Wars Psychology), and moderator, Jenna Busch (Legion of Leia) as they break down the science behind a galaxy far far away and discuss whether or not Kylo Ren's Force Awakens Lightsaber is sacrilege or genius. Room 207
See you in April!


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The most awaited season of celebration and gifts has arrived. You add an emotional quotient to the gift when you actually take time off to choose and make it on your own. You need to just spend little time in collecting some items from the market and then combining them into a non cooked item. There are such food items who`s combinations can result in new recipes and these recipes are not required to be cooked. Making such gifts doesn't require much capital or money. It is easy to make and takes very little time to complete. You just need a little effort on actually selecting the item and packaging it creatively. It works best when you attach special messages to such gifts in form of stickers or may be a small card.
Here are 10 Quick 'no cooking' gift ideas:
1. For this you need to jot down on all treasured family recipes that you know or try to take some effort in asking others about it. Now, buy a good colorful journal. Copy those recipes in the journal using different font writing to give a creative touch. You can even try printing on beautiful recipe cards.
2. You can buy some candy canes or even opt for the flavored candy sticks if there are special choices on flavor of the person you are gifting. Now, dip it in a semi sweet chocolate that has been melted. Leave it to dry and harden. These can be used as a tea or coffee stirrers. It looks pretty good when tucked in a coffee mug. You can even consume it later on.
3. You need to buy some small herb plants. Now gather them and put in a basket. On each herb now put recipe cards that could be made with that herb. The basket can be wrapped with any bright paper.
4. For this, you need to get a bottle of wine. It is amazing when you add this to the meal you cook at home. It enhances the taste. Even if you hate the meal, youâll love this.
5. One needs to buy a small Styrofoam cone. Now fill the cone with cranberries. Before filling the berries in the cone, use herbs such as basil, capers, mustard seeds and cilantro as a base. Use some clove studs in between the herbs. After filling it, toothpicks can be used to close the mouth of the cone and even fixed on other part of cone for proper packaging.
6. This is easy. Buy one pepper grinder or salt mill. Now fill it with pepper corns and salt. You can wrap it with colorful and bright papers. You can even add a recipe book to it.
7. This can be a gift for the whole family. You can fill the cookie jar with cookies. Now use some food color, sugar candies, colored sugar, cookie cutters and jimmies to spread it over cookies for decoration. You can even add the favorite cookie recipe to it.
8. For this you need to buy a bulky oven mitt. The mitt is lined with colorful cellophane. Fill the mitt with jellybeans and nuts. Now after filling in the nuts, you may use some ribbons and tie it around the mitt for decoration.
9. For this you need to get a Bundt cake that has a hole at its center. With the help of silk flowers, you can try making a small nosegay in a low cost small bud vase. This could be placed at the center. You can use colorful cellophane and bow to wrap it.
10. This is too quick and easy. One needs to buy a decorated ceramic loaf pan. You can fill it with bread mixes. Bread mixes are easily available in the market and at low prices.


text: UNITED NATIONS : Russia on Saturday vetoed a UN Security Council draft resolution that declared a planned referendum on the status of Ukraine's Crimea region "can have no validity" and urged nations and international organisations not to recognise it. "This is a sad and remarkable moment," Samantha Power, the American ambassador to the United Nations, said after the vote by the 15-member Security Council. (Earlier story on page 11)


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Becker College in Worcester and Leicester has announced that Charles E. Roddy of Worcester recently joined the college's Office of Institutional Advancement as director of alumni relations and The Becker Fund. Mr. Roddy has more than 30 years of experience in nonprofit management. For more than 25 years, he managed startup, expansion, and enhancement efforts of alumni programs ranging in size from 10,000 to 200,000.
LifeLine Ambulance Service, which serves Worcester and Milford, has hired Peter K. Pigulski of Worcester as director of business development for the company's Central Massachusetts region. In this role, he will work with hospitals, health care facilities and municipalities to develop and expand the firm's market in the central part of the state. Prior to joining LifeLine, Mr. Pigulski was a computer integration specialist at MediTech in Framingham, where he was assigned to the health care division. He also previously worked at LifeLine as an emergency medical technician.
The Training Associates of Westboro, which provides learning and development consulting services to companies and organizations, has hired Carole Donaldson of Grafton as marketing writer and Karen Medeiros as recruiting manager. Ms. Donaldson joins TTA from Autonomy in Southboro, where she was a product marketer in cloud data protection. Previously, she worked at Brown Brothers Harriman and Wellington Management Co. in Boston as a marketing analyst. Ms. Medeiros previously worked at Summit Technical Services of Warwick, R.I., where she was the recruiting manager. Previously, she worked at Summit as a senior recruiter, manager of training and development, and branch manager.
AKUITY Technologies of Auburn, a provider of information technology services, support and training, has added four information technology professionals as account executives — John Wahlstrom, John Prescott, Michelle Terranova and Matt Genduso.
Mr. Wahlstrom of Shrewsbury previously worked as a territory manager for Karastan Carpet Mill.
Ms. Terranova of Webster was an account executive with Worcester Magazine.
Mr. Prescott of Rutland was previously employed by United Lens in Southbridge.
And Mr. Genduso of Worcester previously worked for Davies Companies where he was a senior engineering recruiter.
Girard Financial Group LLC in Millbury has announced the addition of Bart Lawless of Milford as vice president and financial consultant. Mr. Lawless comes to GFG after six years with an independent insurance and financial services firm in Worcester. Prior to that, he served as a vice president at a major banking institution in Southern Worcester County, where he initiated a full-service insurance, investment and trust practice.
Sepaton Inc. of Marlboro, a maker of data backup and recovery systems for large organizations, has hired three people to help the company address the growing need for data protection systems in large government agencies. The three are: James Webster, federal regional sales manager, who previously worked at Hewlett-Packard; Jay Messenger, director of federal alliances and channel, who previously worked at Veeam Software; and Randall Damon, solutions engineer, who previously served on technical sales teams for several large private-sector companies and Department of Defense agencies.
Please send information about company hires, appointments and elections to email@example.com. Include the person's full name and middle initial and town of residence. A photo may be submitted.


text: Back to Homepage|Hosting & Support|Hacking & Security Burlington, VT 802-448-4001 Portland, ME 207-209-2576 | Search Toggle Beginning of page content. Hacking & Security Some believe it's an evil Russian while others think it may be a teenager in his parents' basement. Either way, you better believe there are nefarious characters on the web trying to hack your website. If you're visiting this web page it may have happened already. Don't panic, we can help. Hopefully you have a clean backup that we can restore, but even if you don't, there's a variety of ways for us to quickly restore your website and clean up the damage. We can also help you configure, secure, and maintain your website so it won't get hacked in the future. We're not going call ourselves hackers, but we're confident enough to say our team understands web security and how hackers gain access to websites and web servers – allowing them to be a force for good. Has your website been hacked? Look for the following: Your homepage has a big Russian flag in the background with a headline that reads "UR website has been PWNED by 3L1TE H4CK24" Notices from Google Search Console or in search results Notifications from your web host that you're using excessive resources Strange text showing up in the header or footer of your website. The "this site may be hacked" flag on a Google search for our website is gone, thanks to the hard work by Bytes to repair the site. Lisa Ritter Vermont Works for Women Your Team Lilly Romano Technical Support Manager Aaron Silber Technical Team Lead Sam Reinhardt Technical Support Developer Andrew Allen Senior Technical Support Engineer YOU'LL LOVE WORKING WITH US. Let's talk about your online goals. Free Consultation


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A 100ml 10% CBD oil containing 10000 mg of THC free organic cannabidiol from Love Hemp UK.
This colossus 10000mg CBD oil is the largest bottle of organic, cold-pressed cannabidiol product available in the UK. Suitable for families, or for those looking to keep costs down, this 100ml bottle provides excellent value.
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The Love Hemp CBD oil is all-natural with no additives. It is suitable for vegans, organic, and is non-GMO. This broad-spectrum hemp extract contains both terpenes and cannabinoids, including:
Contains trace amounts of:
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Alongside the 10000mg CBD oil Love Hemp also offer the following varieties:
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Love Hemp only produces organic, cold-pressed CBD oil using high-quality hemp strains grown in Colorado (USA) including Fedora, Futura & Fermion Sativa Strains. These are farmed by the only U.S. organic certified grower, Folium Biosciences. The CBD is then extracted using supercritical CO2 and sent to the UK to be manufactured following the 'Good Manufacturing Practice' (GMP) government guidelines. Products are then subjected to rigorous third-party lab tests. These tests provide independent assurance that each batch contains the correct amount of cannabinoids, no heavy metals, no pesticides and no moulds.
1 bottle contains 10000mg of broad-spectrum CBD extract in Hemp Oil or MCT base (10% concentrate).
Actual CBD content: 10000mg (10g) total CBD per 100ml bottle.
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Certificate of Analysis - Love Hemp 10000mg CBD Oil - HempCertificate of Analysis - Love Hemp 10000mg CBD Oil - MCT
Take 4 drops under the tongue twice per day, hold for 2-3 minutes and then swallow.
100ml bottle = 2000 drops approximately
1 drop = 5mg of broad-spectrum CBD extract
We are all different, so there's no standard amount of CBD that one should take. Start with the lowest recommended amount (or lower if you're new to cannabidiol) and increase the intake gradually, until you find the ideal amount to suit your needs.
If you've been advised to take a higher amount, we suggest you reach it gradually. In all cases, do not exceed the 70mg per day. Beyond this point, CBD is no longer considered a food supplement in the UK, but a medicine.Precautions
This product is sold as a food supplement. Read our legal disclaimer.
All orders placed before 12:30pm are dispatched the same day Monday through Friday. All orders are insured and delivery is guaranteed.
Parcels are dispatched from our certified organic warehouse in Northampton in discreet and secure packaging.
European and international prices can be found here.
Once shipped we will e-mail a Royal Mail tracking number. This will go live once scanned at their delivery centre and you can then monitor your parcel.
We've been using Royal Mail services since 2016 and it tends to be a very reliable and efficient service. We guarantee that you will receive your parcel – normally within the estimated times - but during busy periods, like Easter and Christmas holidays, or if you live in a remote location, parcels can take a little longer.
Please contact the customer service team to discuss this.
This is for your own (and our) protection. 3D secure payment verifies that you're over 18 and ensures the transaction is safe.
Order as normal and we'll get in touch with you and provide the necessary details to make the bank transfer. This email is not automatic so it may take a little while before you receive it (check your junk box in case it lands there). As soon as the payment clears, your order will be processed and dispatched.
PayPal and Amazon Pay are governed by US Federal Law and do not accept CBD oil payments so, we are unable to offer this payment method.
We deal with all returns or issues within 24 hours.
E-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com, call us at 0208 191 8621 or use the live chat feature, quoting your full name and order number.
We have a standard returns & refunds policy. Read more about it here.
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As ever the service is first class, it's a pity other companies aren't so efficient
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Compare hotel rates & flight prices from different websites, in one go.
12 Must Visit National Parks Of The USA For Nature Lovers
[Total: 7 Average: 5]
The world's third largest country, the United States of America is blessed with a stunning variety of geography and topography. It has gigantic deep canyons and gorges crisscrossing its heart while the rivers of Mississippi, Missouri, and Jefferson flow majestically through it. The west, popularised by the Western films of Hollywood, has the mighty Rocky Mountain Range and vast arid deserts of Colorado and Nevada.
National Parks of USA
The United States of America has such enormous amount of natural resources, wildlife, and acres of unspoilt wilderness, that the Government of United States initiated the 'Organic Act of 1916' and established the National Park Services. Today, the National Park Services has the mandate to protect, manage, and provide tourist services to the country's as many as 60 National Parks, some of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and important Biosphere zones. Holidayme presents 12 amazing National Parks of the United States of America that you must visit in your lifetime.
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
The country's most visited National Park, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park sprawls across over 2,000 square kilometres! Part of the Blue Ridge Mountains, it straddles the border between the American States of Tennessee and North Carolina. It has several ridges dotted with forests known for their rich diversity of plants and animals. It's also home to black bears, several species of wildflowers, and a unique species of synchronous fireflies. Cades Cove is one of the historic zones of this highly loved National Park. This is the place where the first European settlers built their homes between 1818 and 1821.
Grand Canyon National Park
A designated UNESCO World Heritage Site of the United States, the Grand Canyon National Park is located in the northwest of the State of Arizona. The park encompasses the famous Grand Canyon, a majestic gorge over the Colorado River, which is counted amongst the top geological wonders of earth. The Canyon has several layers of geological history and colour due to millennia of erosions. It has two highly popular attractions – the South Rim and the North Rim, both are open year-round. Helicopter tours, camping, hiking, and walking on glass-decked walkways are some of the key attractions one can enjoy here.
Grand Teton National Park
One of the most scenic National Parks of the USA, the Grand Teton National Park is located in the US State of Wyoming. The park area includes the major peak of the Teton Range and a part of Jackson Hole, a scenic valley. The park is known for its rivers, wonderful meadows, exceptional views of mountains and lakes, and rich wildlife. Popular things to do in Grand Teton National Park includes camping, hiking, mountaineering and visiting the historic Mormon Row Historic District. This is the place where the American fur trappers roamed the area and established settlements.
Acadia National Park
The strikingly-picturesque Acadia National Park is known as the "Crown Jewel of the North Atlantic Coast". Located in the US State of Maine, it covers the area of Mount Desert Island and several smaller islands off the coast of Maine. Acadia National Park has seven peaks over 1,000 feet, and offers stunning panoramic views of the windswept, craggy coastline, sprawling vistas of the Atlantic Ocean, fascinating island communities, and amazing hiking experiences. Acadia is one of the few national parks of the United States, that supports the Artist-in-Residence program, kids activities, and hiking with pets.
Rocky Mountain National Park
Established by then US President Woodrow Wilson in 1915, the Rocky Mountain National Park is one of the most visited national parks of the USA. Located in the US State of Colorado, the National Park is known for its alpine climate, scenic hiking trails, mountains, lakes, wildflowers, starlit nights, and wonderful camping sites. The Rocky Mountain National Park is also home to several species of flora and fauna. Watch out for wildlife like mule deer, bighorn sheep, beavers, elks, coyotes, moose, cougars, black bears, and more.
Yosemite National Park
One of the earliest established national parks of the United States of America, this beautiful National Park still attracts millions of visitors each year. Yosemite National Park was created in 1874 and the Yosemite Grant bill was signed by the legendary American President Abraham Lincoln. Located in the American State of California, the park area comprises of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range. Today, Yosemite is internationally acclaimed for its majestic granite cliffs, waterfalls, streams, giant Sequoia trees, lakes, meadows, mountains and glaciers, comprising an amazing biological and geological diversity.
Yellowstone National Park
The first national park to be established in the United States of America is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site and is located across the US States of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. The Yellowstone National Park is known for its geo-thermal hot springs, mud pots, geysers, lakes, and acres of sub-alpine forests. The Canyon Village, Old Faithful Geyser, Bridge Bay, and Norris are some of the best places to see in this vast national park. Camping, hiking, photography, biking, back-country camping, boating, and winter sports are some of the highly popular activities here.
Olympic National Park
Located in the US State of Washington, the Olympic National Park is known for its unique ecosystem comprising of sub-alpine forests, temperate rain forests, and the Pacific shore. This rich and diverse national park is a recognised UNESCO World Heritage Site and an International Biosphere Reserve. The national park also has two amazing rainforests – Hoh Rainforest and Quinault Rainforest. These rainforests are the wettest areas of continental United States and look highly dramatic due to their moss-covered trees and ferns.
Glacier National Park
Glacier National Park is located in the US State of Montana and is referred to as the "Crown of the Continent Ecosystem,". This vast national park comprises of mountains, lakes, glaciers, meadows, forests and plenty of historic landmarks and settlements. Glacier National Park is also known for its highly photographed landmarks like the Chief Mountain, Two Medicine Lake, Going-to-the-Sun Road, and more. The park is also known for its several native Indian communities, charming hotels and resorts, and several scientific research and history and cultural preservation initiatives.
Zion National Park
One of the most dramatic national parks of the United States, the Zion National Park is located in the US State of Utah. It lies at a junction of the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert. The park area incorporates Zion Canyon and Navajo Sandstone geological features. The national park has four distinct biosphere zones – desert, riparian, woodland and coniferous forest. Zion National Park is also known for its rich varieties of plants and animals and amazing geological features comprising of mountains, canyons, buttes, mesas, monoliths, slot canyons, rivers and amazing natural rock arches and formations.
Sequoia National Park
One of the world's few otherworldly landscapes and areas, Sequoia National Park is home to giant Sequoia trees. Located in the US State of California, it's known for 'The General Sherman Tree' the world largest tree, and 'Mount Whitney', the highest mountain in the contiguous United States. The national park is contiguous with the Kings Canyon National park and is managed as one single entity by the National Park Services of the United States as 'Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks'. The Giant Forest is one of the awe-inspiring forests here, and is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Mount Rainier National Park
Mount Rainier National Park is located in the US State of Washington, and includes the entire area of Mount Rainier, a volcanic mountain. The park has acres of sub-alpine meadows filled with wildflowers and ancient forests. Mount Rainier National Park is known for its beautiful wildflowers that turn its green meadows into colourful natural flower gardens. The national park is highly popular among hikers, wilderness campers, and mountaineers.


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Erdoğan's son slams U.S., says it is no longer part of the peace
Bilal Erdoğan, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's son and deputy chair of the Islamist Ilim Yayma Foundation, said U.S. removed itself from the peace process by recognising Jerusalem as Israel's capital.
"The U.S. is no longer involved in the peace process," Bilal Erdoğan was quoted as saying by Turkish news website World Bulletin, "they are betraying the very institution that they have helped create, the UN Security Council."
Bilal Erdoğan said the U.S. decision showed the United Nations is "worthless" for the U.S. and that the international system to ensure world peace after the Second World War is not working.
He said:
Jerusalem means everything for which our grandfathers stood: Peaceful coexistence, and peaceful coexistence is very foreign to the Western powers. Because they don't like coexistence. They would like to be all powerful and they would like to stand above the shoulders of the rest of the world.


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The Awful History Behind Rep. Steve King's Obnoxious Claims about "Subgroups" (That is, Blacks)News at Home
tags: racism, Reconstruction, Rep Steve King
Scott Eastman, associate professor of history at Creighton University in Omaha, is the co-editor of "The Rise of Constitutional Government in the Iberian Atlantic World."
Racist view of Reconstruction, when blacks were elected to state legislatures in the South
As a scholar who spends a great deal of time teaching undergraduates about slavery and race at a Midwestern university, I have a hard time disentangling Iowa Representative Steve King's comments, aired on live television this week, from the words of some of the most prominent racial theorists of the nineteenth century. Writing in the 1850s, the Frenchman Count Arthur de Gobineau cavalierly stated: "Such is the lesson of history. It shows us that all civilizations derive from the white race, that none can exist without its help."
I assign an excerpt from Gobineau's The Inequality of Human Races every semester in a course called "Conquest, Piracy, and Slavery." My argument is simple: race and racism must be placed at the center of any analysis of African, European, and American history (what is now called Atlantic history). We know founding fathers, especially Thomas Jefferson, stumbled on issues relating to slavery, race, emancipation, and equality, and many held slaves themselves. I reproduce his vitriolic, hate-filled tract and discuss it with a classroom full of students because works by the likes of Gobineau were extremely influential by the advent of the 20th century and found on the shelves of Adolf Hitler's library.
King, speaking earlier this week during an appearance on MSNBC, posed the following question, echoing the central premise put forward by Gobineau: "I'd ask you to go back through history and figure out, where are these contributions that have been made by these other categories of people that you're talking about, where did any other subgroup of people contribute more to civilization?" He quickly clarified that he was conflating civilization with "Western Civilization" and its Christian roots that had spread from Europe across the Atlantic to the United States. King shocked the host Chris Hayes by essentially denying that non-whites, or subgroups to use his parlance, have contributed to the culture of the "West." Hayes cut the segment rather than using it as a teaching moment, a decision he later appeared to regret.
King's assertions beg the question of what constitutes "whiteness?" And, what exactly is the West—where does it begin, and where does the Orient, or the East, end? Is the West a geographical site on a map or a set of culturally coded values and beliefs? These certainly are complex matters. On the other hand, it's not hard to refute King and his baldly racist, ethnocentric claim. It would be facile to list the advancements made during the so-called Islamic Renaissance in mathematics (algebra), medicine, and philology, or to recite Chinese technologies from moveable type and the printing press to cannons, clocks, compasses, and shipbuilding that far outstripped Renaissance European triumphs, not to mention the innovations brought to the United States by immigrants from all over the world over the last several centuries.
Steve King casually wields the language of the white supremacist. This is not the first time he has courted controversy on the subject of race in America: he single-handedly attempted to prevent Harriet Tubman from appearing on the $20-bill, and continues to have a Confederate flag at his desk in Washington. But what's most important is to try and understand how an elected representative to the United States Congress can draw from the same font as Klansmen hearkening back to an age of pure-blooded Aryan supermen. How do his linguistic choices reinforce his tremendous political power? Subgroups, inferior races, savages, natives—these are all code for non-whites, routinely disparaged and dismissed in the Darwinian Age.
Gobineau believed that science, specifically phrenology, had proven the inferiority of all the groups who fell below the category of white European on his racial pyramid, and he posed this question: "Do all men possess in an equal degree an unlimited power of intellectual development? In other words, has every human race the capacity for becoming equal to every other? The question is ultimately concerned with the infinite capacity for improvement possessed by the species as a whole, and with the equality of races…. I deny both points."
This is precisely the rhetoric that Hitler picked up on as he articulated the racial ideology that would define National Socialism in Germany, and, tragically, it now has become increasingly commonplace in our political discourse as the race for the White House heats up this summer.
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Other useful contacts
Here are the contact details for some organisations who may be able to give practical advice on consumer issues, including fuel bill support and assistance.
Click on the name to visit to their website for more information.
Independent advice services
Independent and confidential advice on various legal and consumer topics.
Fuel bill support & advice
Advice for paying your energy bills, saving energy and how to apply for fuel bill support.
Support to help you maximise your income, cut your fuel bills and make your home warmer and more comfortable
Benefits Health Check
Make sure you're receiving all the income and benefits you're entitled to. Call 0800 072 9009 for a free and confidential Benefits Health Check.
Nest (formerly HEES)
Welsh householders struggling with their fuel bills can call Nest free on 0800 512 012. Nest will offer tailored advice and support that will help households to improve the energy efficiency of their homes and reduce their energy bills.


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OUR BELIEF: A country's economic development has a strong and positive correlation with the quality of its road network
Techno Consult International (Pvt) Ltd is pioneer in the planning, design, delivery and maintenance of road infrastructure in Pakistan. We started Surveys, Planning & Designing of Roads and Highways in 1961. TCI in 1962-69, planned, designed, constructed and supervised the first high speed intercity super highway in Pakistan between Karachi and Hyderabad. We maintain an indefatigable commitment to delivering excellence: in 1973, we began designing our projects on mainframe computers, and have subsequently used the most powerful software and advanced equipment.
Techno Consult International (Pvt) Ltd is credited with preparing a Master Plan for the development of 33,000 kms, of primary, secondary and tertiary highways throughout Pakistan. Our staff specializes in the core aspects of highway engineering. With our extensive experience and professional team, we design and manage projects from the planning and concept design stages to detailed construction design and project delivery.
Our specialization in roads and highways extends to all types of road infrastructure – from rural access roads to complex freeways, toll roads, system interchanges. Our assignments involve bridge works, tunnels and other major structures in the field of transportation; with extensive planning and design in the most difficult terrain, such as coastal roads in the southern parts of Pakistan and mountainous highways in the northern parts of Pakistan and Oman.
Our clients include World Bank, Asian Development Bank (IBRD), Overseas Economic Cooperative Fund (OECF)
field survey, investigation & data collection:
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- Geo-technical & Soil Investigations and Laboratory Testing.
- Traffic Counts & O.D Survey.
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Design of highways & bridges:
- Preparation of Digital Ground Model (DGM).
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- Design of Pavement Structures by AASHTO and Road (TRRL) Research Methods.
- Design of Bridges, Culverts and Causeways.
feasibility and allied studies:
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preparation of tender documents:
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- Tender Documents Evaluation.
General inspection and contract management:
- Resident Supervision.
- Post-Project Evaluation Studies.


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Hospital cover: Everything you need to know
If you fall sick and need professional treatment, you're likely to end up relying on one of two healthcare systems. This will be either the public healthcare system (or Medicare) or the private healthcare system.
Under Medicare, you will receive:
- Free treatment as a public patient in a public hospital
- Free or subsidised treatment by certain practitioners
- Free eye tests by optometrists
- Some tests and examinations e.g. pathology tests, X-rays etc.
The quality of care you will receive under Medicare is generally to a very high standard, however, you could also be subject to longer waiting times for:
- The availability of a bed
- Undergoing elective surgery
- Treatment by the doctors available at the time of your admission
You also won't be able to choose your own doctor (he or she will be appointed by the hospital), and will very likely have little or no say about which hospital you attend for your procedure or when it is carried out.
In addition, any treatment that is not considered to be an emergency will be considered 'elective treatment' and you will be placed on a public hospital waiting list.
- 1 Private Health Insurance – Why You Need It
- 2 What is Hospital Cover?
- 3 What is "Gap Cover"?
- 4 An Overview of the Types of Hospital Cover and the Coverage Options Available
- 5 What are Some of the Limitations of Private Hospital Cover?
- 6 How do Exclusions and Restrictions in Your Hospital Cover Affect You?
- 7 What are the Possible Solutions for Reducing or Minimising the Impact of Exclusions and Restrictions in Your Hospital Cover?
- 8 Do I Earn Any Tax Rebates when I Purchase Private Health Insurance?
- 9 Final Things to Consider when Purchasing Hospital Cover
- 10 Disclaimer: The above information is correct and current at the time of publication.
Private Health Insurance – Why You Need It
Medicare, though excellent, does not offer comprehensive cover. For example, Medicare will typically not cover fertility treatments, physiotherapy, chiropractic treatment, occupational therapy etc. Therefore, Australians need to supplement their Medicare cover by purchasing private health insurance. Private health insurance typically comprises of:
- Hospital insurance (this covers treatment in a private hospital or as a private patient in a public or private hospital)
- Extras insurance (this covers the costs of certain non-hospital services, such as dental, optical, physio etc.)
Many health funds provide combined policies too. These provide a packaged cover that include both hospital and general / Extras treatment services.
The private health system enables you to receive treatment as a private patient in both private and public hospitals. As a result, you get to select which doctor treats you. You also enjoy greater flexibility in terms of being able to schedule any elective surgery you require.
What is Hospital Cover?
Hospital cover denotes the component of health insurance cover that applies when you undergo treatment in a hospital. It gives you access to receiving treatment as a private patient:
- In a hospital of your choice (from a list of approved hospitals)
- By the doctor of your choosing
They also feature smaller (or no) waiting lists and take care of expenses such as:
- Accommodation expenses
- Theatre costs
- Doctors, surgeons, and anaesthetists fees
Typically, Medicare will cover about 75 percent of the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) fee towards associated medical costs. Your private hospital insurance can cover the remaining 25 percent. In some situations, the doctors might charge you amounts over the MBS fee. Depending on the extent of private hospital cover you have, you might also need to bear the costs for:
- Hospital accommodation
- Theatre fees
- Intensive care
- Drugs, dressings and other consumables
- Prostheses or surgical implants
- Diagnostic tests
- Pharmaceuticals
To pre-empt the occurrence of situations like this, you could consider purchasing a comprehensive level of Hospital cover. Alternatively, you could look at "gap cover" offered by certain health funds. Gap cover takes care of some or all of the differences between the doctor's fee and the combined benefit payable via the Medicare and Hospital cover.
What is "Gap Cover"?
Gap cover provides financial assistance when you need when you are charged above the MBS. The Medicare Benefit Schedule (MBS) is a listing or schedule that details the Medicare services subsidised by the Australian Government.
Typically, a "medical gap" takes place when a doctor charges a fee that is higher than the fee limits specified in the MBS. Therefore, unless your health fund has a gap cover arrangement in place with your doctor that covers all the doctor's charges, you will need to pay the difference.
To cover this gap, many health funds offer schemes such as:
- The "No Gap" cover: Here, the doctor accepts the terms of the "No Gap" scheme offered by the health fund. As a result, you do not need to make any out-of-pocket payments.
- The Known Gap cover: The doctor agrees to participate in the Known Gap scheme. As a result, you will need to pay a known gap fee for each procedure the doctor performs. Doctors will usually provide you with a list of out-of-pocket expenses prior to the procedure (known as an "informed financial consent").
Ensure that you check whether your doctor is participating in a health fund's gap cover arrangements before you receive hospital treatment. Also, ask your doctor about how much you may need to pay over and above your cover. Typically, doctors use a fund's gap cover arrangement on a case-by-case basis.
An Overview of the Types of Hospital Cover and the Coverage Options Available
Private hospital cover provides certain levels of cover depending on your requirements. They are:
- Full cover: The health fund covers the entire cost of a particular treatment
- Partial cover: The health fund covers only part of a particular treatment
- No (or excluded) cover: The health fund does not cover a particular treatment at all
- Benefit limitation periods apply: The health fund imposes a longer than normal waiting period for covering a particular treatment – usually for reducing your premium
When you consider purchasing Hospital cover, you will need to select the cover options that best meet your requirements. Most health funds provide a wide range of cover options including:
|Private hospital cover
|Pregnancy and birth related cover
|Applicable for accommodation in a private hospital, this cover enables you to seek treatment from a doctor of your choice
|This provides antenatal and post-natal care
|Assisted reproductive cover
|Heart surgery cover
|This provides cover for treatments such as In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF), artificial insemination etc.
|This covers surgical treatments for the heart e.g. open-heart surgery, by-pass surgery, angioplasty etc.
|Major eye surgery cover
|Dialysis cover
|This covers surgeries such as cataract and artificial lens surgery etc.
|This covers the expenses for the treatment of patients suffering from chronic renal failure
|Joint replacement cover
|Non-cosmetic plastic surgery cover
|This involves providing cover for the replacement of joints by prostheses
|This deals with covering expenses for medically significant procedures e.g. facial reconstruction following severe burns, skin cancer removal etc.
|Sterilisation cover
|Cover for surgical weight loss procedures
|This cover typically includes treatment expenses for vasectomy, hysterectomy etc.
|This provides cover for gastric banding related services
|Palliative care cover
|Cover for psychiatric services
|Offered to people who are dying, this cover deals with expenses incurred in providing the best quality of life and care to such individuals
|This provides cover for people requiring treatment for mental conditions such as depression, anxiety etc.
|Rehabilitation cover
|Ambulance cover
|This covers expenses arising from the individual's recovery from an accident or a major surgery such as heart surgery, hip replacement etc.
|This provides cover for ambulance treatment, depending on the state in which you reside
What are Some of the Limitations of Private Hospital Cover?
Private health insurance cover will have certain limitations on hospital treatment. For example, your policy document might specify:
- Exclusions that detail services not covered by the health fund
- Restrictions that only provide a limited amount of cover (which implies a higher share of out-of-pocket expenses for you)
- Benefit limitation periods that offer reduced benefits for a specified duration after the waiting period, before they provide complete benefits after this duration concludes
- Expenses incurred by long stay patients whereby you might need to pay more for the cost of hospital accommodation if you stay in hospital for more than 35 days in a row
- Room expenses whereby certain policies only provide coverage for the full cost of a shared room, but not of a single room
How do Exclusions and Restrictions in Your Hospital Cover Affect You?
When you purchase Hospital cover, you will generally do so based on your evaluation of your requirements. However, you will not always be able to foresee:
- The kind of services that you will need and,
- The timelines when you will need these services
For example, pregnancy and birth related services are one of the most common services listed in the exclusions and restrictions segment for policies. You might feel that this is fine when you purchase the cover. However, the situation might be different a few months or years down the line. In this scenario, your Hospital cover might not give you the kind of cover you need.
Possible remedies for overcoming a situation like the one listed above are to:
- Wait for the specified duration to lapse before you avail of these services (this will not be worthwhile in emergency situations)
- Pay for the service from your pocket as a private patient
- Re-evaluate your policy needs on a regular basis to ensure your current health insurance product meets your requirements
What are the Possible Solutions for Reducing or Minimising the Impact of Exclusions and Restrictions in Your Hospital Cover?
When you purchase a private hospital cover, scrutinise the exclusions and restrictions carefully. Some policies will reduce or remove exclusions and restrictions as part of a promotion, or waive them entirely if you sign up to a higher level of cover. Other ways by which you could minimise the effects of exclusions and restrictions in your hospital cover include:
- Reading the exclusions and restrictions specified in the policy document so that you are aware of the cover your private health insurance provides
- Reviewing the Benefit Limitation Periods (BLPs) applicable on certain procedures in your policy
- Reviewing your private hospital cover each year and making the necessary changes at the time of renewal
- Upgrading your private health insurance policy for including the services you need as a private patient (there may be a waiting period before you can be covered for certain services)
What are Waiting Periods?
You will need to serve a waiting period when:
- You increase your level of cover
- You take out a new private health insurance policy
Waiting periods serve as a protection to the members of the fund. They ensure that policyholders cannot make a large claim soon after joining the fund. These individuals typically end up cancelling their policies thereafter. This behaviour would be detrimental to the fund, as it would result in increased premiums for the rest of members in the fund.
The government prescribes the maximum waiting periods that funds can impose for hospital treatment. The table below provides details on the waiting periods that funds usually impose on their members.
|12 months for pre-existing conditions
|12 months for pregnancy services (obstetrics)
|Pre-existing conditions denote any ailments, illnesses or conditions that an individual had, during the six months prior to:
It is not necessary for the individual or the individual's doctor to know:
|Individuals planning to become pregnant and requiring cover will need to purchase appropriate health cover for themselves and the newborn well in advance – prior to becoming pregnantThe mother-to-be will need to serve the complete waiting period before taking admission in a hospital for claiming benefits.
|Two months for specific conditions
|Two months in all other circumstances
|this would include services like:
|Individual health funds will set the waiting periods for general treatment (ancillary or extras) cover.
Do I Earn Any Tax Rebates when I Purchase Private Health Insurance?
The Australian Government provides rebates to people purchasing private health insurance. These include:
The Australian Government Rebate on Private Health Insurance
This offers a discount to people purchasing private health insurance, based on their levels of income.
For 2016-17, the tables below specify the income thresholds and the rebates applicable respectively.
|The Purchaser Profile
|Full Rebate
|Tier 1
|Tier 2
|Tier 3
|Less than $90,000
|$90,001 to $105,000
|$105,001 to $140,000
|$140,001 and above
|Couples Or Families
|Less than $180,000
|$180,001 to $210,000
|$210,001 to $280,000
|$280,001 and above
- Families with children receive an increased threshold of $1,500 for each dependent child after the first
- This is also applicable for single parents and couples with dependent children
|The Purchaser Profile
|Full Rebate
|Tier 1
|Tier 2
|Tier 3
|Under 65 years
|25.415 percent
|16.943 percent
|8.471 percent
|From 65 years to 69 years
|29.651 percent
|21.180 percent
|12.707 percent
|70 years and above
|33.887 percent
|25.415 percent
|16.943 percent
The Medicare Levy Surcharge (MLS)
Taxpayers typically need to pay a 2 percent Medicare levy. The MLS is an additional tax levied on Australians who:
- Have income levels above the MLS thresholds
- Don't have private hospital cover
For 2016-17, the tables below specify the income thresholds and the levies applicable respectively.
|The Purchaser Profile
|No Change
|Tier 1
|Tier 2
|Tier 3
|Less than $90,000
|$90,001 to $105,000
|$105,001 to $140,000
|$140,001 and above
|Couples Or Families
|Less than $180,000
|$180,001 to $210,000
|$210,001 to $280,000
|$280,001 and above
- Families with children receive an increased threshold of $1,500 for each dependent child after the first
- This is also applicable for single parents and couples with dependent children
If you want to avoid paying the MLS, you will need to consider purchasing hospital cover with a hospital excess of:
- $500 or less for singles (per calendar year) and,
- $1,000 or less for couples or families (per calendar year)
Final Things to Consider when Purchasing Hospital Cover
The Australian Government prescribes a standard list of features for hospital cover. All health funds need to disclose whether they cover these features in their health insurance policies. These features comprise:
- Hospital accommodation
- Theatre fees
- Intensive care
- Drugs, dressings and other consumables
- Prostheses or surgical implants
- Diagnostic tests
- Pharmaceuticals and,
- Any additional doctors' fees
Hospital plans also cover other features and procedures. These could include features such as broken limbs, cancer treatment etc. However, they do not need to disclose the coverage they provide for these features in their Standard Information Sheets.
Therefore, when you purchase hospital cover, check your policy document for:
- The cover provided
- The exclusions and restrictions
- The plans that provide cover for the services and procedures you require
- The waiting periods for certain features (including pre-existing conditions)
- The hospitals that participate in your health fund
- Any cost reduction options including co-payment, excess, premium packages, per-night caps
Relying solely on your Medicare cover for treatment in hospitals may not be sufficient. When you need comprehensive cover without having to look at lengthy waiting lists on non emergency surgery, you need private health insurance. Private hospital and Extras cover will enable you to obtain treatment at the hospital of your choice, from a doctor of your choosing, at a time that is more convenient to you.
Disclaimer: The above information is correct and current at the time of publication.
Disclaimer: The above information is correct and current at the time of publication
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Angie's List Answers is the trusted spot to ask home improvement and health questions and get answers from service companies, health providers and consumers. For ratings and reviews on companies in your area, search Angie's List.
*Updates every 4 hours
The ducts leadingto the back rooms are 10in ducts I was told in order to get the bedrooms in the back of a 1 story home it would need to be 14in ducts, new Torpedo & the Air Handler box moved as main duct is running directly into the box in the attic. Ducts would be Aero sealed as well as the box being moved in the attic to have rooms as cool as the rest of the home. How much does that typically run & is all that work nexessary just to move the branches running to bedrooms?
This question has not yet been answered.


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Aaaand once again SW 2014's bugs have come back to cause more issues. Once again, I used a revolved cut to cut the spark-gap into the CAD model of an EDM electrode. I export the file as a parasolid. When I open that parasolid, the spark-gap is gone, and the electrode is full sized. BAD BAD BAD.
I can use body moves to rotate a part file from Y-up to Z-up orientation. I save the part and close the parasolid it came from. When I open that part file, ALL of the body/move commands have been suppressed. It's entirely random, and cannot be reproduced at will.
It sure would be nice if you'd fix the problems with 2014 before moving onto 2015


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It's easy to get caught in the stream of progression. In hip-hop, R&B, and pop music, the trend has been a push toward a more digitally-processed, futuristic sound. As layers become denser and arrangements become increasingly complex, the resulting music can be cold, otherworldly, and at times detached. But recently, bands have been eschewing the laptops and cold synths for progression in the opposite direction: towards something warm, imprecise, but tangible. L.A.'s inc. no world is one of the most exciting groups making a splash by taking this radical turn. By stripping down their sound and highlighting their strengths, inc. no world have made some of the most honest music of their careers.
inc. no world, while a relatively young band, have already gone through several evolutionary periods. Andrew and Daniel Aged formed their band (then called Teen Inc.) in 2010. They released their first single, "Fountains," later that year, but by the time their first EP was released in 2011, they were billed simply as "inc." The EP garnered them some attention from 4AD, who signed and released their first album, No World, in 2013. Under the name inc., the brothers created what can best be described as shape-shifting, futuristic R&B.
Their track "The Place" shows a range musical influences, from the use of hip hop's drum machines and crisp samples to dream-pop's light, arpeggiated synth melodies. The band takes sharp turns navigating their sounds, often injecting clean guitar melodies and plucked basslines into the mix, creating an interesting palette of both analog and digital textures. The video plays with a similar clash of aesthetics by showing the duo, dressed in outfits and jewelry fit for a basement club, nonchalantly roaming through the forest. While they should look out of place, the juxtaposition finds the group looking entirely at home but painting the forest in a different light. This scene personifies their music, which often presents a different way of looking at something familiar.
In three years time — and with both collaborations and producer credits for FKA Twigs as well as a Grand Theft Auto feature under their belts — inc. is now inc. no world, and their music has become a refinement of their past vision. With the release of 2016's As Light as Light, the grungy and industrial elements are gone, but the progressive, soulful attitude remains.
The texture is lighter, and the absence of synths has given way to spacious vocals and allowed the once-subdued psychedelic guitar lines to feature more prominently in the mix. In their single "The Wheel," the group plays with its more delicate, laid back sound to produce something more grounded and immediately expressive. To support this newfound vibe, they have also begun touring with a full band, often improvising and stretching time to further extract the essence of why their music is so moving. In stripping back some of the tropes and embellishment of modern r&b, inc. no world has made even more effective mood music.
– Zach Tippit


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By Alanjones93
United Kingdom
are tares used for fishing and green manuretares the same thing
- 13 Sep, 2010
Whew! After a good deal of research, Alan, I can say yes, they are the same, though I wouldn't bet on the germination rate or quality of those sold for bait. Not to be confused with the weed of wheat fields that often carries ergot fungus!
13 Sep, 2010
What on earth are tares ?
I cannot get this conversation to make any sense.
Help needed !
14 Sep, 2010
Sorry, Louise! The Tares used for green manure and bait are a kind of Vetch (Vicia sativa), also used for livestock feed. The Tares of the Bible are believed to be a large annual Ryegrass, also known as Darnel, or Cockle, which is a weed in grain fields, and is an alternate host of the ergot fungus. Ergot is an infamous parasite of grains, containing a poison similar to LSD--it used to cause no end of trouble in the Middle Ages! Hope that helps.
14 Sep, 2010
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Now! You Can Create Cool and Elegant Websites in Minutes. No Coding or Design Skills Required
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This is a never seen before product on the market. BlankPager is new wordpress plugin that allows you create cool and elegant web page in less than 5 minutes. Integrated with hundreds templates and also Drag and Drop Elementor Page builder for wordpress. So, user can easily edit the templateswithout coding and design skill.
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Below is a rough guide to the training schedules involved in our three main research areas. schedules for other topics are arranged according to the needs of the topic and project and are to be accessed and organised directly with your respective tutor.
Reef Training
· Session 1- Introduction to coral reef ecosystems presentation
· Session 2- Reef fish presentation part 1
· Session 3- Reef fish presentation part 2
· Session 4- Reef invertebrates presentation
· Session 5- Brief reef substrate presentation (extended for those staying for longer than 1 month)
· Session 5- Reef survey methodology presentation
· Session 6- Reef survey methodology practical session (to be repeated as required)
· Session 7- Reef identification and methodology test (to be repeated as required)
Seahorse Training
· Session 1- Seahorse identification presentation part 1
· Session 2- Seahorse identification presentation part 2
· Session 3- Seahorse survey methodology presentation (will also cover appropriate procedures for seahorse encounters)
· Session 4- Seahorse survey methodology practical session (to be repeated as required)
· Session 5- Seahorse identification and methodology test (to be repeated as required)
Dolphin Training Schedule
. Session 1 – Introduction to cetaceans presentation.
. Session 2 – Introduction do data collection methods.
. Session 3 – Data collection training.
. Session 4 – Data collection practice 1.
. Session 5 – Data collection practice 2.
. Session 6 – Data collection practice 3.
. Session 7 – Data entry training.
. Session 8 – 1st land survey.
. Session 9 – 1st boat survey.
. Session 10 – Theory test on dolphin behaviors and data collection methods.
In order to become a 'dolphin survey leader', the theory test must be passed.
All final sessions also cover data entry, analysis and report procedures
Interns and volunteers will also be involved in approximately two diving- based identification sessions per day.
At the end of the land and diving training sessions listed above the interns/volunteers will be required to sit both a written and practical (in-water) test to ensure they are fully trained before being placed on a survey team. If you feel you are ready before the training sessions have finished, you may take the test early. If you pass, you can move onto the survey team earlier than scheduled.
It is important to note that each training area will have an assigned staff tutor who is available to give extra assistance and knowledge wherever needed.


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| 8.9°C Belfast
The health service in Northern Ireland will be boosted by an additional £72 million as a result of a quarterly reallocation of Executive funds.
The Department of Education will be given an extra £30 million and £28 million will be diverted to the Department of Infrastructure in the June monitoring round, which has seen a total of £175 million distributed from the central funding pot.
An extra £20 million will also be spent on developing workforce skills, primarily through the further education sector.
The extra cash for health brings to £200 million the additional funds diverted to the service above what was originally agreed in the annual Executive budget.
No departments will face cuts in the monitoring round, as the central pot is in ruder health than anticipated when the budget was struck.
Around £56 million was carried over from the last financial year; not as much welfare mitigation spending is required in 2016/17 as originally forecast; and departments have also begun to realise savings as a consequence of the civil service voluntary exit scheme.
The outcome of the monitoring round was outlined to the Assembly by Finance Minister Mairtin O Muilleoir.
Of the £175 million, £35 million will be spent on capital projects, including almost £23 million for flood prevention measures, road maintenance and investment in Waterways Ireland.
The June monitoring round has been agreed earlier than in any previous years.
"This positive monitoring round represents a determination on my part to work with ministerial colleagues to deliver a 'fresh start' not just through words - but demonstrated in deeds," said Mr O Muilleoir.
"Despite huge pressures on budgets as a result of the Westminster austerity agenda, we have managed to bring forward a monitoring round which does not contain cuts. The allocations made in this monitoring round will deliver positive outcomes by supporting funding for key public services.
"The pressures in our health service are well documented and an additional £72 million funding will go a considerable way to help addressing these issues. It brings the total additional funding provided to health this year to £200 million and is evidence of the Executive's commitment to protecting our health service.
"It is important that we invest in education and up-skilling our workforce as we seek to grow our economy. An additional £20 million in this monitoring round will go towards supporting that skills agenda and an additional £30 million is allocated to education, which is a crucial investment in our young people."
The minister added: "This monitoring round demonstrates what can be achieved by working together, in spite of the financial constraints, and I will continue to make best endeavours to prevent the least well off from shouldering this burden."


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Sun Thorugh Autumn Trees Background
This Photo: "Sun Thorugh Autumn Trees Background" is part of "Autumn" - Free Art Backgrounds category. The image is high-quality and high-resolution JPEG format and you can free and easily download it from the links below.
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Zeyrek Cistern, Istabul, Turkey #1.
Miru Kim is a New York-based artist who has explored various urban ruins such as abandoned subway stations, tunnels, sewers, catacombs, factories, hospitals, and shipyards. Her work has been spotlighted in countless international media such as The New York Times, TED.com, The Financial Times, ARTE France, Ovation TV, NY Arts Magazine, Vogue Girl. Her work has been shown in various galleries, museums, and art fairs (Queens Museum of Art in New York, National Museum of Visual Art in Montevideo, SCOPE Basel, Miami International, Lodz Biennale in Poland.)


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When the butterfly emerged from its pupa, Robert Reed was stunned. It was a Gulf fritillary—a bright-orange species with a few tigerlike stripes. But this butterfly had no trace of orange anywhere. It was entirely black and silver. "It was the most heavy-metal butterfly I've ever seen," Reed says. "It was amazing to see that thing crawl out of the pupa."
Reed's team at Cornell University had created the metal butterfly by deleting just one of its genes, using the revolutionary gene-editing technique known as CRISPR. And by performing the same feat across several butterfly species, the team showed that this one gene, known as optix, controls all kinds of butterfly patterns. Red becomes black. Matte becomes shiny. Another gene, known as WntA, produces even wilder variations when it's deleted. Eyespots disappear. Boundaries shift. Stripes blur.
These experiments prove what earlier studies had suggested—that optix and WntA are "paintbrush genes," says Anyi Mazo-Vargas, one of Reed's students. "Wherever you put them, you'll have a pattern."
Biologists have long been smitten by butterflies, and not just for their pretty colors. These insects are perfect subjects for addressing two of the most fundamental questions in the study of evolution. First, where do new things come from? Butterflies all evolved from a moth ancestor, so how did a presumably dull-winged insect give rise to a kaleidoscopic dynasty of some 18,000 species, each with a distinctive pattern of colors and shapes plastered on its wings? Also, what are the genes behind these patterns? How did a limited set of DNA come to produce patterns of such astonishing diversity and often-baffling complexity?
Many scientists, Reed included, have addressed that second question. By carrying out painstaking cross-breeding experiments, and by working out where in the wings various genes are active, they identified a handful of pattern-defining genes, with colorful names like optix, doublesex, and cortex. "It was convincing but we didn't know exactly what these genes were doing," says Reed. Without the ability to delete the genes, and see if their absence changed the butterfly wings, "we didn't have the final proof. There's been this frustrating wall that I've banged my head against."
CRISPR changed everything. This technique, used by bacteria for billions of years and harnessed by scientists in the last five, allows researchers to cut and edit DNA far more easily and precisely than ever before. As I've argued before, the oft-cited concerns that CRISPR will usher in a dystopic era of designer babies are overblown. But scientists are already exploiting it, to do experiments that would have been impossible a decade ago. They've used CRISPR to probe the weaknesses of cancer cells, study how bodies are built, and to learn how our feet evolved from fishy fins. And Reed has used it to finally do the gene-deleting experiments that had long eluded him.
By deleting the optix gene in a wide variety of butterflies, team member Linlin Zhang showed that red parts of the wing consistently turn black. The Gulf fritillary transforms from a vivid orange insect into a dark inky one. The small postman loses the vivid red streaks on its hind wings. And the painted lady loses its complex psychedelic patterns and becomes almost monochrome. "They just turn grayscale," says Reed. "It makes these butterflies look like moths, which is pathetically embarrassing for them."
These results reveal another side to CRISPR's power: It's so versatile that scientists can quickly manipulate the same genes in many species, including those that aren't standard parts of laboratory life. For years, scientists have relied on a few handfuls of "model systems"—species that they can easily breed, study, and manipulate in laboratories. But CRISPR "fully unlocks butterflies as a model system," says Wei Zhang from the University of Chicago, who published the first study that used the technique on butterflies.
These butterfly experiments reveal evolution's penchant for both conformity and innovation. For example, optix does the same thing in species that have been separated by at least 80 million years of evolution. "It acts like a color/grayscale switch across the whole wing—quite incredible," says Chris Jiggins from the University of Cambridge. But different species deploy it in different ways to produce their own distinctive patterns. If optix is a paintbrush, then other genes act as the painter's hands, determining where the brush will go, and yet other genes act as the paints, determining which colors the brush eventually lays down. All of this can be easily rewired, producing a wide kaleidoscope of patterns from the same basic toolkit.
"This is the stuff of evolution—it's very unpredictable what each species might do with the same gene," says Antónia Monteiro from Yale-NUS college in Singapore, who also studies butterfly patterns.
Consider the common buckeye. It's a mostly brown butterfly, with a few vivid eyespots and orange splashes. When Reed deleted optix, sure enough, the orange bits blackened. But unexpectedly, the buckeye's wings also gained a blazing iridescence—a shiny, metallic blue. "With one gene, we could turn this little brown butterfly into a morpho," says Reed, referring to a group of butterflies known for their stunning iridescent blues.
That was a huge surprise. There are no blue pigments in the wings of the altered buckeyes. Instead, their iridescence is the work of microscopic layers in the wings, which collect, reflect, and amplify blue light, so that it's especially vivid from certain angles. That's an entirely different way of producing colors than the red and black pigments that optix typically governs.
It seems that buckeyes have all the right ingredients for making glossy wings, but optix typically restrains this potential in favor of a matte finish. Perhaps the same is true for other butterflies like morphos and pipevine swallowtails, which have independently evolved blue iridescence. "We haven't tested this hypothesis yet but it's plausible that simply altering this one gene is sufficient to produce this pattern again and again," says Reed.
The team, including Mazo-Vargas and Arnaud Martin from George Washington University, also deleted a different gene called WntA in various butterflies—and found an even wider range of effects. In the painted lady and common buckeye, it looked like someone had taken an eraser to the middle of the wing, removing the splotches and spots that normally live there. In two species—the small postman and the Sara longwing—black parts of the wing recede while red and yellow regions expand to fill the void. In the Gulf fritillary, some silver spots disappear, and in the monarch, white scales emerge amid the usual tiger colors.
WntA "is more of a tinkerer," says Jiggins. Rather than deploying particular colors, like optix seems to do, it merely sets boundaries that other genes fill in with colors and shapes. And just like optix, different species have repurposed it to govern their own particular patterns.
The details are still unclear though. How do these gene networks get rewired? When did they take on their roles as master regulators of wing patterns? Why have only a few genes done so? Did butterflies recruit these genes to paint their wings once during their evolution, or many times independently? A decade ago, these would have been fanciful questions. But in the CRISPR era, it suddenly seems possible to answer them.
"CRISPR is a miracle," Reed says. "The first time we tried it, it worked, and when I saw that butterfly come out ... the biggest challenge of my career had just turned into an undergraduate project."
We want to hear what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editor or write to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Based on a spooky cat I sketched a few days ago.
Based on a spooky cat I sketched a few days ago.
Sometimes I don't get the best files to work with when it comes to creating art for promotional materials. These characters were created to run in a game not be posed and rendered at a million pixels and things get harder when I have to work with older files that were created by people I no longer have on hand to help me. Many times I have to improvise and figure out what I can do base on what I do have.
Above, all the way to the left is the rendered character I was able to pose. Unfortunately the face, hair, and clothing textures would not attach easily. So I rendered out the pose so I would have something to work with. I then illustrated the character according to his appearance in game and that is what is reflected in the character on the right.
I have been thinking about some characters for a comic I have been trying to write for a while. It would combine a couple of traditional fable components. I am going to try and continue to have the first story done by MOCCA this year.


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Police seize a dissident lawyer and blogger who wrote on 'forbidden' topics.
Bloggers, writers and activists from Vietnam, Burma, and China dominate Hellman/Hammett Awards.
China's warning follows reports that Chinese vessels cut a Vietnamese ship's seismic cables.
A report on global graft calls for transparency and accountability.
Vietnam's state oil and gas company says Chinese fishing vessels cut the cables of its survey ship.
The head of a non-recognized Buddhist church says religion in Vietnam will be further restricted.
A rights group says new rules in Vietnam give the state more power to curb religious freedom.
Police rough up a Vietnamese blogger after a court rejects his appeal against a jail sentence.
The first public call for the Vietnamese Prime Minister to quit kicks up a parliamentary storm.
An EU export ban on chemicals used for lethal injection has put Vietnam in a quandary.
The visit to the Giac Minh Pagoda in central Vietnam's Danang is an apparent move to highlight religious freedom.
Vietnam sentences two musicians to up to six years for "anti-state propaganda."
Vietnamese villagers from two sites near the capital hold a demonstration outside a municipal building.
The leader takes responsibility for Vietnam's current economic woes.
Vietnamese authorities say the official 'destroyed property' while seizing the land of a local family.
The young Vietnamese woman had distributed anti-China leaflets and reported on official wrongdoings.
Vietnamese villagers take to the streets of Hanoi to demand the return of confiscated land.
Despite decades in prison, his vision of a world without oppression inspired the Vietnamese people.
Moody's agency says the government will likely be forced to save Vietnam's failing banks.
Three bloggers of a banned website get jail terms for 'anti-state propaganda.'
Vietnamese police fire on villagers blocking road work on their land.
A Vietnamese parliamentarian seeks media help over his staff's arrests amid a suspected political tussle.
Vietnam promotes an image of an open economy but is intensifying a crackdown on journalists and bloggers, says a report.
The U.S. House of Representatives votes to promote human rights in Vietnam and condemn the country's rights record.
Vietnam throws a journalist in prison for bribing police during an undercover investigation.
The nation slips precariously down the rankings of a global competitiveness index.
The former chairman of Vietnam's largest state-owned shipping company is caught in a neighboring country.
Vietnamese authorities extend the detention of a democracy campaigner and reject an appeal by a labor activist.
Supporters of 17 Vietnamese social activists hold a mass candlelight vigil and a protest in Hanoi.
An agreement between the two countries sets the stage for a broad Mekong trade network.
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