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The Goldbergs
The Goldbergs
Photo Credit: ABC/Craig Sjodin
Premiered:September 24, 2013
(Click date to see TV listings for that day)
- Network: ABC
- Category: Series
- Genre: Comedy (Sitcom)
- Type: Live Action
- Concept:Created by Adam F. Goldberg
- Subject Matter: Family
- Tags:
Plot Synopsis
Inspired by the childhood of series creator Adam F. Goldberg, this sitcom follows a screwed-up but loving family living in the '80s. Beverly is an overbearing, overprotective matriarch and shopaholic, who has a big mouth -- and she's not afraid to use it. Her husband, Murray, is a rageaholic, who struggles to remain calm after heart surgery, especially because he parents by calling each kid a moron. Adam, the youngest son at 11 years old, is a camera-wielding future director who's crushing on an older woman, and will grow up to be the series creator. Adam's older sister, Erica, is a 17-year-old, hot, and crass high-school senior, who manipulates and beats up on her younger brother. Barry, the middle child at 16, is a grade A spaz. And then there's Pops, an old Don Juan schooling his young grandson, Adam, in the ways of love. THE GOLDBERGS debuted on ABC on Tuesday, September 24, 2013 at 9pm ET/PT, as Barry woke up on his birthday expecting to get a car, but was disappointed at the kitchen table when Beverly told him he wasn't ready for that responsibility.
THE GOLDBERGS returned for its second season on Wednesday, September 24, 2014 at 8:30pm ET/PT on ABC. In the season opener, "Love Is a Mix Tape," Adam makes a mix tape to express his feelings for Dana after spending a summer apart...only to have it intercepted by Beverly who thinks it's meant for her! Adam must carefully navigate not hurting Beverly's feelings as his relationship with Dana progresses. Meanwhile, Barry gets a fake ID, but after showing it off to the entire school, it's confiscated, and Barry needs to make good on some promises he made to his classmates.
Season 3 of THE GOLDBERGS premiered on Wednesday, September 23, 2015 at 8:30pm ET/PT on ABC. In the season opener, "A Kick-Ass Risky Business Party," Lainey, Erica and Barry plan a big RISKY BUSINESS-inspired party at her home, just like the movie, while Lainey's dad is out of town. Later, when the party gets out of control, Beverly jumps to the rescue and Lainey is happy to have a mother figure like Beverly in her life, but for how long? Meanwhile, Adam's relationship with Dana by talking to her for hours on the phone angers Murray. As a result, Adam tries a bunch of new ways to contact her since she's moved away.
The fourth season of THE GOLDBERGS premiered on Wednesday, September 21, 2016 at 8pm ET/PT on ABC with an episode that pays homage to 1980s John Hughes classic flick BREAKFAST CLUB. In the season opener, "Breakfast Club," Adam works on his new persona for the first day of high school that he hopes will up his coolness level. Meanwhile, Beverly gets her teaching certification to become a substitute teacher. But when she is demoted to sub-janitor, she sends the Goldberg kids to a Saturday detention, but it is Principal Ball who must oversee the kids. Later, Murray arrives and takes over where he gives an important lesson.
On Wednesday, September 27, 2017 at 8pm ET/PT, ABC premiered the fifth season of THE GOLDBERGS. The season opener, "Weird Science," features Ilan Mitchell-Smith, who guest stars as Mr. Connelly in an episode paying homage to the movie WEIRD SCIENCE. Beverly and Murray move Erica into college where her roommate is also named Erica. Later, Beverly has a hard time letting go and ends up sleeping over in the dorm, much to Erica's dismay. Meanwhile, Adam tries to give Barry the perfect girlfriend, even trying to build one like in the movie WEIRD SCIENCE, as he embarks into his senior year.
Season 6 of THE GOLDBERGS premiered on Wednesday, September 26, 2018 at 8pm ET/PT on ABC. In the season opener, "Sixteen Candles," it's Adam's 16th birthday, but his parents are too distracted by Barry and Lainey's engagement and Erica's band ambitions to remember their youngest son's big day. But the situation presents an opportunity for Adam to ask Erica to put him on the high school social map. Meanwhile, Beverly thinks she can scare Barry and Lainey straight with the reality of being adults.
On Wednesday, September 25, 2019 at 8pm ET/PT, ABC debuted "Vacation," the Season 7 premiere of THE GOLDBERGS. The episode pays tribute to the iconic movie NATIONAL LAMPOON'S VACATION, with original film stars Anthony Michael Hall and Christie Brinkley guest starring. Before Erica and Barry go off to college, Beverly insists the family take a road trip to go on vacation to Disneyland in Anaheim, California. But like the film, things do not go as planned as they travel across the country. Meanwhile, Erica worries more and more about her relationship with Geoff when he teases "we need to talk" and won't tell her anything until the family returns from their adventure. Guest stars: Anthony Michael Hall as Security Guard, Christie Brinkley as Aleah Welsh, Ken Lerner as Lou Schwartz, Erik Weiner as Sheriff and Patrick Daniel as Russ McGinley.
Tonight (Wednesday, September 23, 2020) at 10:30pm ET/PT, ABC airs "Schmoopie's Big Adventure," an encore episode of THE GOLDBERGS. Mother and son have a bonding experience when Beverly buys a bicycle for Adam, just like the one from PEE WEE'S BIG ADVENTURE, while Barry and Erica turn Murray's furniture store into an after-hours lounge for college students. Guest starring is Cedric Yarbrough as Vic, Sean Marquette as Johnny Atkins, Kenny Ridwan as Dave Kim, Jennifer Irwin as Virginia Kremp, Jacob Hopkins as Chad Kremp, Stephanie Courtney as Essie Karp, Mindy Sterling as Linda Schwartz, Stephanie Katherine Grant as Emmy, Kelli Berglund as Ren, Dot-Marie Jones as Sister Mary Theresa and Will Brunson as Tow Truck Driver.
Four months earlier -- on Monday, May 11 -- ABC renewed THE GOLDBERGS for Season 8.
- Wendi McLendon-Covey - Beverly Goldberg
- Jeff Garlin - Murray Goldberg
- Patton Oswalt - Narrator (adult Adam Goldberg)
- Sean Giambrone - Adam Goldberg
- George Segal - Albert 'Pops' Solomon
- Hayley Orrantia - Erica Goldberg
- Troy Gentile - Barry Goldberg
- Sam Lerner - Geoff Schwartz (Season 2 - Present)
- AJ Michalka - Lainey Lewis
- Kenny Ridwan - Dave Kim
- Bryan Callen - Coach Mellor
- Stephanie Katherine Grant - Emmy Mirsky
- Jennifer Irwin - Virginia Kremp
- Jacob Hopkins - Chad Kremp
- Tim Meadows - Mr. Glascott
- Dan Fogler - Marvin Goldberg
- Rob Huebel - John Calabasas (Season 2 - Present)
- David Koechner - Bill Lewis (Season 2 - Present)
- Matt Bush - Andy Cogan (Season 2 - Present)
- Alex Jennings (2) - Carla Natali (Season 2 - Present)
- Noah Munck - 'Naked' Rob Smith (Season 2 - Present)
- Zayne Emory - JC Spink (Season 2 - Present)
- Nate Hartley - Dan (Season 2 - Present)
- Stephen Tobolowsky - Principal Ball (Season 2 - Present)
- Ana Gasteyer - Miss Cinoman (Season 2 - Present)
- Sean Marquette - Johnny Atkins (Season 3 - Present)
- Zach Callison - Brian Corbett (Season 3 - Present)
- Shayne Topp - Matt Bradley (Season 4 - Present)
- Mindy Sterling - Linda Schwartz (Season 5 - Present)
- Stephanie Courtney - Essie Karp (Season 5 - Present)
- Alison Rich - Valley Erica (Season 5 - Present)
- Steve Guttenberg - Dr. Katman (Season 6 - Present)
- Sadie Stanley - Brea Bee (Season 7)
- Kelli Berglund - Ren (Season 7)
- Theodore Barnes - Brian Walls (Season 7)
- Ben Zelevansky - Dale (Seasons 1-6)
- Natalie Alyn Lind - Dana Caldwell (Seasons 1-4 & 7)
- Cedric Yarbrough - Vic (Seasons 1-3 & 7)
- Mason Cook - Tyler Stansfield (Seasons 1-3)
- Virginia Gardner - Lexy Bloom (Season 1)
- Sam Kindseth - David Sirota (Seasons 2-6)
- Niko Guardado - Ruben Amaro Jr. (Seasons 3-6)
- Allie Grant - Evy Silver (Seasons 3-5)
- Quincy Fouse - Taz Money (Seasons 3-5)
- Rowan Blanchard - Jackie Geary (Seasons 4 & 5)
- Clancy Brown - Mr. Crosby (Seasons 5 & 6)
- Karan Soni - Srini the RA (Season 5)
- Ron Funches - Froy the RA (Season 5)
- Alexis G. Zall - Jackie Geary (Season 6)
- Rick Springfield - Gary (Season 6)
Other Titles
- Originally known as: How the F Am I Normal
Production & Distribution
- Produced by Sony Pictures Television
- Produced by Happy Madison Productions
- - Jenkintown, Pennsylvania USA


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Recently the mature sugar gum near the Shire Administration Office dropped a very large branch across the car park. Due to public safety concerns the Shire commissioned the Arbor Centre in Perth, a professional Arboricultural Company, to provide an arboricultural assessment to report on the condition of the tree and provide guidance in determining the appropriate course of action for the future.
The report identified that this mature tree has issues due to its pruning history which has caused poorly attached branches and recommended that to keep the tree and reduce safety issues for the public a variety of remedial are required. This includes remedial canopy pruning, a fall arrest system and ongoing professional monitoring. The cost of the recommended remedial work is very expensive and there is no real guarantee that another branch will not fall.
The Shire Council understands the aesthetic value of this tree however public safety is the priority so the decision to remove the tree is seen as the safest option.
The tree will be professionally removed in the near future.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
COVID-19 Updates
Visit UC San Diego's Coronavirus portal for the latest information for the campus community.
View Details
FacultyCVCV Michael McCarthy
Office Phone: 858-642-1520
VA San Diego Healthcare System
3350 La Jolla Village Dr MC116A
San Diego, CA 92161
Lab Website
Research Description
The McCarthy laboratory is focused on the molecular genetics of mood disorders. Research areas covered include genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder, major depression, and comorbid conditions like substance abuse and metabolic disease. The laboratory has three main research areas that are currently active.
1. Circadian mechanisms in cellular models of bipolar disorder
We are using cells from human subjects (fibroblasts and iPSC derived neurons) to identify disturbances in circadian rhythms in gene expression. By understanding how the clock oscillator and/or clock outputs are affected in bipolar disorder, we hope to identify mechanisms by which neurons either malfunction, or benefit from pharmacotherapeutic interventions like lithium.
2. Circadian mechanisms of antipsychotic induced metabolic disorders
Antipsychotic drugs have important uses as mood stabilizers and as augmentation of antidepressants. However, their long-term use is associated with weight gain and metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes. Using pancreatic islet cells, we are measuring circadian rhythms, and examining how dopamine and antipsychotic drugs may disturb circadian rhythms to alter the temporal pattern of insulin release.
3. Identifying biomarkers of treatment response in human subjects
Outcomes in mood disorders are commonly sub-optimal. At the VA San Diego Mood Disorder Clinic, we run a series of human clinical trials using pharmacogenetic testing, functional neuroimaging and peripheral biomarkers to efficiently select optimal drugs to manage mood symptoms and/or predict pharmacotherapeutic outcomes.
Official Web Site of the University of California, San Diego.


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I you copy files from windows to a unix system, you have to take care about the line endings.
This is a quicktip how you can convert all files in a directory from windows to unix line endings. You need the program dos2unix, if it's not installed on your system you can install it with
apt-get install dos2unix
Then you can convert all the files in your current directory with:
find . -type f -exec dos2unix {} \;


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Kim is an excellent realtor. She's patient, knowledgeable, and friendly. She's not afraid to direct you in a direction that you may not normally take; however, the outcome of the trip is well worth the ride. She was always there when we needed her and she made sure that we saw the properties that we needed to see. Upon closing the deal, Kim was highly efficient and paid attention to the details and in doing so saved us some money. We highly recommend Kim!
– Andrew Jansen


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20% deposit & free cancellation on many activities!
Speak direct to the activity provider & book online
100% genuine activity reviews
A hen do in Nottingham has everything a bride-to-be and her hens could want; rich history, culture, fab places to eat, effervescent nightlife and Robin Hood (who doesn't love a man in tights?).
Affectionately known as the Queen of the Midlands, this eclectic city is a super-modern and superb party host, giving an enormous amount of choice and value for money, whilst being easy to get around on foot.
The city is historic but also manages to be effortlessly cool and bang on trend. Explore the pedestrianised streets and find loads of shops, cafés and bars plus some hidden gems, not forgetting to explore the famous Sherwood Forest.
Let loose in more than 450 acres of countryside with Adrenalin Jungle who offer Quad Biking, Assault Courses and much more. Don't worry if that's not your kind of thing; Nottingham offers tonnes of activities whether you're thrill-seekers, wanting to sit back and relax or dance your socks off! Read on to find out why you've just got to try a hen do in Nottingham
Make the most of the buzzing atmosphere during your Nottingham hen weekend and get stuck into a cheeky Burlesque or Pole Dancing class. A professional dance teacher will teach you an awesome, choreographed routine with easy to pick up yet dazzling dance moves that you'll perform at the end as a group and possibly again on a dancefloor later!
How about perfecting your art skills and ogling a little naked man flesh with hen party Life Drawing in Nottingham? This massively popular activity gets you drawing a fully nude male model as he poses for you (are you blushing yet?). The art tutor will share their top tips to get you creating a masterpiece…or at least some very funny swiggles! Fancy upping the ante with something even naughtier? Our Flirt and Seduce workshop will teach you how to flirt and unleash the sexy seductress within. Learn all about flirting, body language and arousal and, best of all, have a right laugh with the girls!
Nottingham also caters for sporty and adventurous hens. Bubble Mayhen has you each bumping, rolling and laughing in giant zorb games and School Sports Day is a hysterically retro hen versus hen competition, complete with egg and spoon and space hopper races. Knockout Games in Nottingham is so much fun for hens combining water, foam and inflatables for an obstacles course that'll have you in hysterics!
If you're the kind of group that'd rather sit back and relax on a hen do in Nottingham, we've got something for you too. A spot of hen party Afternoon Tea in Nottingham is always a group pleaser, getting everyone to unwind as you enjoy each minute of quality time together. Plus, we're sure we don't have to tell you that you'll also get some delicious sweet and savoury goodies to tuck into too, from feather-light finger sandwiches to scones with clotted cream and jam. Some of our Afternoon Teas even throw in a cocktail each. Too good to resist, right?
One of the best I've been too!!!
Excellent all round!
Really good fun, laughed loads. The only slight criticism was that it was in a completely derelict industrial estate! However the sports centre was fine, just a bit worrying on the way in!
Excellent, really good fun!!!
Nottingham has been home to a range of top celebrities from all walks of life. You might be lucky enough to bump into ice skating superstars Jane Torvill and Christopher Dean, musician Jake Bugg, Game of Thrones actor Joe Dempsie. Olympic swimmer Rebecca Adlington, former The Wanted singer Jay McGuiness, lead singer of Iron Maiden, Bruce Dickinson, radio and TV presenter Alice Levine, designer Sir Paul Smith or Gavin and Stacey star Mathew Horne.
Is there a better combination than food and friends? We don't think so! This city has an eclectic range of restaurants and cafés that serve up international cuisines and classically British dishes. From world-class dining to street food, Nottingham can please even the fussiest eaters!
Head to the fashionable Lace Market area to line your stomachs for the night's drinking session and enjoy each other's company as you tuck into a two or three-course meal, available at a range of excellent restaurants.
Las Iguanas is also a great choice, offering its guest lots of Latin flavour with an mahoosive set menu, packed with spicy and mild flavours influenced by South America, Spain, India and Africa. Choose two courses and a drink to toast the bride-to-be's last night of freedom with.
If you go for some Cocktail Making at Revolution, you can even add a two-course meal to chow down on after and soak up some of that alcohol! We love spoiling you!
Nottingham's huge array of stylish bars and exciting nightclubs guarantee a big night out before the bride ties the knot. The friendly locals know how to party hard and will show you a great time during your Nottingham hen night whether you want to dance the night away or sip tasty cocktails in a swanky bar. However, if you fancy a more traditional tipple, the city's home to Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem, said to be the oldest inn in England, dating back to 1189AD.
Hen party Cocktail Making in Nottingham is a firm favourite and is available at a range of great locations throughout the city. Mix, muddle or shake decadent drinks from Caipirinhas to Cosmopolitans under the expert instruction of a pro mixologist and drink everything you make! If you'd rather chill out whilst someone else makes the drinks and are fans of vino, why not try a Wine Tasting? You'll get to grips with grapes as you learn all about how everyone's fave tipple is made and get your hands on six different types.
Trying to find a night out to please all the hens can be tricky, especially when you want a combination of food, drinks, entertainment and dancing. Luckily, Bierkeller in Nottingham is here to save you with their Gold Package! This bloody brilliant Bavarian venue gives you a warm welcome as you head to your reserved seats for a night of German-themed fun. You'll get a haus stein (two pint-glass filled with beer!) and a shot plus some yummy food including a pretzel, fries and a bratwurst. Choose between chilli, cheese or vegan bratwurst, served in a brioche roll. That's not all though, you'll also be entertained by a live Oompah band and a DJ until 2am!
Head to Upper Parliament Street to find the best nightclubs in Nottingham. Bust a move with guest list entry to ultra-modern PRYZM, the city's biggest club with five different party rooms. Bust some serious moves to a range of top tunes from old school classics to house, R&B to chilled Ibiza. All the ingredients for a fabulous hen night in Nottingham are available through Fizzbox!
Head to Nottingham Castle in March for the annual Robin Hood Pageant. Be transported to the 12th century with combat demonstrations, jousting, sword fighting, interactive workshops such as archery and market stalls with medieval delicacies.
In July, Woolaton Park hosts Splendour, an awesome music festival with new and iconic acts. Past performers including Jess Glyne, Calvin Harris, Dizzee Rascal, Jake Bugg, Kaiser Chiefs and Bananarama. August sees the return of the annual Dragon Boat and Riverside Festival where more than 40 teams compete in a boat race across 200m, cheered on by thousands of spectators. You can also expect a food and craft stalls, a buzzing fair and performances from musicians and dancers.
The Goose Fair takes place in October and has been visiting the city for more than 700 years. One of Europe's biggest travelling fairs, it boasts more than 500 attractions and rides, boasting white-knuckle thrills and fun. If you like lots of LOLs, you'll love the Nottingham Comedy Festival with a top line up of upcoming and famous and stand-up comics.
As you can imagine, Nottingham comes to life from November-January with Christmas and New Year celebrations and events from pantomimes to street performers, all bound to get you feeling fabulously festive. It's also a great place to do a little last-minute Christmas shopping. Sold on a hen do in Nottingham yet?
The city centre is small enough to find your way around on foot during your Nottingham hen do. The city streets are a gorgeous blend of the historic and modern and many are pedestrianised so get walking and exploring, girls. They've also got one of the best bus services in the country and a decent taxi service so you can get back to where you're staying with ease.
Nottingham isn't just the Queen of the Midlands, it's also the Queen of hen parties! Check out our full activity listings for more hen party ideas in Nottingham that are sure to put smiles on all the girls' faces!
Choose from hundreds of the very best, tried and tested activities, all with genuine reviews.
Message the event host directly to check availability and ask them any questions you have.
Use our simple booking platform to book and pay online - minimum fuss, maximum fun!


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I Miss You Korean Drama Review Episode 7: Zoe went out to have a drink with Han Jung Woo. While drinking, they talked about Su Yeon. Zoe told him lies about her childhood with Harry.
Meanwhile, the body of the rapist was found and the police are having a field day. They failed to get in touch with Han Jung Woo as he was busy with Zoe. Zoe is also setting her plans of messing up with Han Jung Woo's emotions in motion. She keeps repeating the things Su Yeon said in her youth.
There is also another person setting his plans in motion – Harry. He has plans of getting in the radar of Han Jung Woo's dad, Han Tae Joon.
Han Jung Woo was suspended because of his association with the dead rapist. He is now forbidden to contribute to the case as he is included in the people of interest. But thanks to his friend Janitress, he was able to keep track of the progress of the case.
Zoe visited him in the precinct with the excuse that she was there to report a stalker, which is actually Han Jung Woo's step mom. While there, she saw Kim Eun Joo and heard about the whereabouts of her mom. She visited the workplace of her mom and found her watching the report about the dead rapist. Her mom brushed it off saying it's just insignificant, thereby hurting the feelings of Zoe.
Haven't Watched I Miss You Episode 7 Yet? Watch It Legally Here
I Miss You Korean Drama Fashion Recap Episode 7:
Zoe (Lee Su Yeon) had the most outfit changes in this episode as she gets more screen time than the rest of the characters. I'm not one to complain though as she throws us one stylish ensemble after another.
This one debuted in the previous episode but we get to really appreciate the beauty of the pieces. First is her coat from Tomboy, a brand that has already been introduced in the previous episodes. Get her coat here.
Her button down top features ornate baroque print and star print, which actually deserves to be seen sans her coat.
Get Her Top:
Chemise Camus, 465,000 Won, Sandro
Harry looks adorable in colorful sweater, tight-fitting pants and dress shoes. Even at home, he has to look polished.
The small details make up a lot in punctuating an outfit. Case in point: Zoe's hand candy. Check out how she wears her rings. And what about the mismatched nail polish? Are you guys digging it?
Zoe is dressed to the nines even with just a trip to the precinct (not that there's anything "just" to it considering how she wants to see Han Jung Woo). Her outfit is better suited for clubbing than just being out and about in the streets. No wonder the rest of the detectives are enamored!
She is actually heavily clad in designer clothes and accessories. I haven't been able to ID the make of her dress but her long jacket is from Balmain.
She toted this Stella McCartney Falabella bag too, a fitting option if you are a style maven and environmentally conscious at the same time as the Falabella bags are purportedly crafted from eco-friendly materials.
I can't find the exact same printed Falabella bag but a plain purple version can be found at Net-A-Porter.
She wore classic black pumps to seal this look. I'm assuming her shoes are also designer because from what I can see, they are made from calfhair.
Let's take a break from the awesomeness of Zoe and focus on a fledgling fashionista, Han Ah Reum. Here she is rocking red blazer with paisley-printed dress.
Get Her Red Blazer:
Plastic Island PC4WJ102, 179,100 Won
If you haven't noticed, baroque print is coming back in fashion. In full force, if the number of baroque-printed clothes worn in this drama is anything to go by. Ah Reum sports this cobalt blue dress with very ornate print. And since her dress is already flashy, she made the wise choice of not piling on accessories.
This is yet again from the company Plastic Island, which is evidently a favorite amongst Korean Drama stylist.
Get Her Dress:
Plastic Island PC4WO101 Dress, 251,100 Won
Zoe is all bundled up in cozy striped oversized pull over. She lets her printed button down top peek from the neckline, thereby completing a retro preppy look. Her floral button down top is from a company called Mag/Mag. It's available in two colors here.
Harry further widens his age gap with Zoe in this ensemble because it made him look heaps younger. But you can definitely see his impeccable taste with the leather puffed jacket and leather rucksack.
A shiny pair of headphones is his idea of blinging it out.
Get Harry's Headphone:
Diamond Tears Headset in Black, 450,000 Won
Punctuating the look with a pair of booties in one of my favorite colors this season, cobalt blue.
I think we can afford to mention one more sweater, especially since Zoe is wearing a cute fuzzy mint-colored one that is hard to resist. This angora knitwear is from DEWL.
Looks like Zoe is spending a lot of time browsing through the racks of DEWL because here she is again clad in a DEWL dress.
Looking very Parisian is Zoe (Lee Su Yeon).You can't go wrong with oversized coat and leggings combo. Just make sure you have the right shoes to go with it and everything is color-coordinated.
Get Her Coat:
Carven Wool Coat, £470
Because her outfit lacks color, she did well in adding a punch of color through the yellow of her purse from Cettu.
Get Her Purse:
Cettu Bag, 1, 580, 000 Won


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Michael Lynton, the Chief Executive of Sony Pictures, has managed to survive a recent reshuffle and keep the top job. Sony decided to make some changes to their motion picture arm following the massive hack they were subject to late last year. The US Government says that North Korea was behind the incident, while others still doubt those claims.
As part of the reshuffle, Amy Pascal, former Chairperson of Sony Pictures, was asked to resign. She left the company earlier this month, marking the first big change as part of the reshuffle, supposedly initiated by Sony CEO Kaz Hirai. However, her boss, Michael Lynton, head of Sony Pictures, has managed to come away unscathed. Lynton appeared to deal with the incident well, appearing on television shortly after the hack to declare the company's efforts in making The Interview available to view.
Sarah Pascal was faced with petitions calling for her resignation following the leaking of emails that were deemed racist by certain groups. While Sony officially said that she "resigned", Pascal herself later said that she was "fired".
Source: Re/code


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Groovier Spring, Part 2
Change application behavior at run time
Adding dynamically refreshable beans to Spring applications with Groovy
Content series:
This content is part # of # in the series: Groovier Spring, Part 2
This content is part of the series:Groovier Spring, Part 2
Stay tuned for additional content in this series.
In Part
1 of this two-article series, you saw how to make Spring applications more flexible
using Groovy beans. Spring's Groovy support allows you to use compiled or scripted
Groovy language beans and to configure them in several different ways including the
lang XML schema and the Grails Bean Builder. When you integrate Groovy scripts into your application, you can include additional logic in the bean-creation process (for example, to determine which implementation strategy to use when creating a bean). You can also use separate scripted Groovy beans to provide additional deployment and packaging flexibility.
Probably the most interesting and powerful feature of Spring's dynamic-language support is the ability to monitor and detect changes to dynamic-language scripts while your application is running and automatically reload the changed beans in the Spring application context. The potential use cases for automatically refreshing Spring beans in a running application are vast. A few examples include:
- PDF generation (bills, invoices, sales reports, investment reports, receipts, schedules, and so on)
- E-mail templates
- Report generation
- Externalized business logic, domain-specific languages (DSLs), and rules engines
- System administrative tasks
- Changing logging levels and run-time debugging
I'm sure you can think of even more potential uses. This article shows you how to add bean refresh to your Spring applications and explores how it works. The complete source code (see Download) for all of the article's examples is available for download.
Refreshable Groovy beans
In Part 1, you defined the
PdfGenerator interface and implemented it as a Groovy class (
GroovyPdfGenerator) in the GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy script file located in the application
CLASSPATH. You configured the Groovy-based
pdfGenerator bean by specifying the location where the Groovy script is located. Listing 1 shows the interface, implementation, and configuration using the
lang XML schema:
Listing 1.
PdfGenerator interface, implementation, and configuration
// PdfGenerator.java public interface PdfGenerator { byte[] pdfFor(Invoice invoice); } // GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy class GroovyPdfGenerator implements PdfGenerator { String companyName public byte[] pdfFor(Invoice invoice) { ... } } // applicationContext.xml <lang:groovy id="pdfGenerator" script-source="classpath:groovierspring/GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy"> <lang:property name="companyName" value="Groovy Bookstore"/> </lang:groovy>
So far, so good. You have a bean named
pdfGenerator implemented in Groovy that resides in the application
CLASSPATH. When the Spring application context is created, Spring reads the script, compiles it into a Java class, and instantiates a
GroovyPdfGenerator in the application context. Any other classes that depend on
pdfGenerator can simply declare it as a dependency, and Spring wires them together as usual.
Here is where things get really interesting. Suppose you make frequent changes to the PDF-generation code, and you'd like it if you could make changes while your application is running and have them take effect immediately. Spring makes adding this capability trivial. All you need to do is add the
refresh-check-delay attribute to the
<lang:groovy> element that defines your bean. This attribute defines the number of milliseconds after which Spring checks for changes to the underlying Groovy script. If a change to the script is detected (for example, the timestamp on the .groovy script has changed since last check), then Spring reads the script, compiles it, and replaces the old
pdfGenerator bean with the new one. It does this without any of the beans that use
pdfGenerator knowing anything about the change.
Listing 2 shows the
pdfGenerator bean configured with a refresh-check delay of 10 seconds (10,000 milliseconds). After adding
refresh-check-delay, Spring configures the bean for automatic refresh when the underlying GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy script file changes.
Listing 2. Adding
refresh-check-delay to scripted bean definition
<lang:groovy id="pdfGenerator" script-source="classpath:groovierspring/GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy" refresh-check-delay="10000"> <lang:property name="companyName" value="Refreshable Groovy Bookstore"/> </lang:groovy>
Now, if a change is made to the GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy script while the application is
running, Spring detects the change and reloads the
pdfGenerator bean at run time without requiring a restart. Note that the refresh check occurs only after the delay period has elapsed and a method is called on the refreshable bean. For example, suppose the refresh-check delay is 10 seconds for the
pdfGenerator bean, but no method is invoked on the bean for 50 seconds. In that situation, Spring checks whether a refresh is required after 50 seconds, not every 10 seconds. To state it another way, Spring is not actively polling the script for changes; instead, it determines the time elapsed since the last method invocation and then calculates whether that time exceeds the refresh check delay. Only if the elapsed time exceeds the refresh-check delay does Spring check if the script has changed and thereby determine whether a refresh is needed. On the other hand, suppose the
pdfGenerator bean is under heavy load and its methods are being invoked multiple times per second. With a 10-second
refresh-check-delay, the bean can't be reloaded any faster than once every 10 seconds, regardless of the number of times it is used. So you don't need to worry about whether Spring is expending system resources actively polling Groovy scripts; it isn't.
If you have more than one scripted Groovy bean in your Spring application and you want to set a default value for the refresh-check delay for all of them, you can easily do that using the
<lang:defaults> element, as shown in Listing 3:
Listing 3. Setting a default refresh-check delay
<lang:defaults refresh-check-delay="20000"/>
<lang:defaults> as shown in Listing 3, all
scripted dynamic language beans (those written in Groovy, JRuby, BeanShell, and so on) have a 20-second refresh-check delay. You can override the default for individual beans simply by adding a
refresh-check-delay attribute to each bean that should have a different value from the default. You can even turn the automatic refresh behavior for individual scripted beans off by setting
refresh-check-delay to a negative value, as shown in Listing 4:
Listing 4. Overriding the default
refresh-check delay
<lang:defaults refresh-check-delay="20000"/> <lang:groovy id="pdfGenerator" script-source="classpath:groovierspring/GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy" refresh-check-delay="60000"> <lang:property name="companyName" value="Refreshable Groovy Bookstore"/> </lang:groovy> <lang:groovy id="invoiceEmailer" script-source="classpath:groovierspring/GroovyInvoiceEmailer.groovy" refresh-check-delay="-1"/>
In Listing 4, you can see that the default refresh check delay is 20 seconds. However, I've configured the
pdfGenerator bean refresh-check delay as 60 seconds and turned off the refresh check entirely on the
invoiceEmailer bean.
Configuring refreshable Groovy beans using the Grails Bean Builder
In Part
1, you saw how the Grails Bean Builder (see Related topics) can be
used to define Spring beans programmatically. If you are using the Bean Builder, you can add automatic refresh to your beans relatively easily — though in this case more of Spring's internals are exposed because Bean Builder has no equivalent to the
<lang:groovy> syntactic sugar. Listing 5 shows how to add a default refresh check to all scripted beans and how to set a refresh delay on an individual bean:
Listing 5. Configuring refreshable Groovy beans using the Grails Bean Builder
def builder = new grails.spring.BeanBuilder() builder.beans { scriptFactoryPostProcessor(ScriptFactoryPostProcessor) { defaultRefreshCheckDelay = 20000 } pdfGenerator(GroovyScriptFactory, 'classpath:groovierspring/GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy') { bean -> companyName = 'Refreshable Bean Builder Bookstore' bean.beanDefinition.setAttribute( ScriptFactoryPostProcessor.REFRESH_CHECK_DELAY_ATTRIBUTE, 60000) } }
The Bean Builder configuration in Listing 5 is logically equivalent to the configuration of the
pdfGenerator bean in Listing 4. You set a default refresh-check delay on all scripted beans using the
defaultRefreshCheckDelay property of the
ScriptFactoryPostProcessor bean. To set a refresh-check delay on an individual bean when using Bean Builder, you must set an attribute on the underlying Spring bean definition. When you use the
<lang:groovy> XML-based configuration, Spring takes care of the underlying details for you, whereas with Bean Builder you need to get your hands dirty and do it yourself. Note that you also need to declare a
bean argument to the closure on the
pdfGenerator bean in order to set the attribute on the bean definition.
Customizing Groovy beans
You've now seen how to make Groovy beans automatically update at run time using the refreshable beans feature and make your applications much more dynamic at run time. Spring's Groovy support provides an additional way to make Groovy beans even more flexible: customization. Customization is a way to inject custom logic into the Groovy bean-creation process. The
GroovyObjectCustomizer interface (shown in Listing 6) allows you to perform custom logic on a newly created
Listing 6.
GroovyObjectCustomizer interface
public interface GroovyObjectCustomizer { void customize(GroovyObject goo); }
GroovyObjectCustomizer is a callback that Spring invokes after creating a Groovy bean. You can apply additional logic to a Groovy bean or perform metaprogramming magic, such as replacing the object's metaclass (see Related topics). Listing 7 shows an implementation that writes how long it took to execute a method on a Groovy bean:
Listing 7. Performance logging
public class PerformanceLoggingCustomizer implements GroovyObjectCustomizer { public void customize(GroovyObject goo) { DelegatingMetaClass metaClass = new DelegatingMetaClass(goo.getMetaClass()) { @Override public Object invokeMethod(Object object, String method, Object[] args) { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); Object result = super.invokeMethod(object, method, args); long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start; System.out.printf("%s took %d millis on %s\n", method, elapsed, object); return result; } }; metaClass.initialize(); goo.setMetaClass(metaClass); } }
PerformanceLoggingCustomizer in Listing 7 replaces the
GroovyObject's metaclass and overrides
invokeMethod in order to add the performance-timing logic. Next you need to configure your customizer so it gets applied to one or more Groovy beans. Listing 8 shows use of the
customizer-ref attribute in
<lang:groovy> to add a customizer to an existing Groovy bean:
Listing 8. Configuring a Groovy object customizer
<bean id="performanceLoggingCustomizer" class="groovierspring.PerformanceLoggingCustomizer"/> <lang:groovy id="pdfGenerator" refresh-check-delay="60000" script-source="classpath:groovierspring/GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy" customizer-ref="performanceLoggingCustomizer"> <lang:property name="companyName" value="Customized Groovy Bookstore"/> </lang:groovy>
Now when any method in the
GroovyPdfGenerator is invoked, you'll see output like the following on standard output. (If you're thinking it would have been better to use a logging framework, you're probably right!)
pdfFor took 18 millis on groovierspring.GroovyPdfGenerator@f491a6
Adding customization to Groovy beans is pretty simple; the hard part is implementing the actual customization logic — that is, what you want to do to Groovy beans when they are created. You saw configuration using
<lang:groovy> and its
customizer-ref attribute. If you prefer using the Grails Bean Builder to build your Spring beans, it is simple to do. Listing 9 shows how to add the
peformanceLoggingCustomizer bean:
Listing 9. Adding a Groovy object customizer using the Grails Bean Builder
builder.beans { performanceLoggingCustomizer(PerformanceLoggingCustomizer) scriptFactoryPostProcessor(ScriptFactoryPostProcessor) { defaultRefreshCheckDelay = 20000 } pdfGenerator(GroovyScriptFactory, 'classpath:groovierspring/GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy', performanceLoggingCustomizer) { bean -> companyName = 'Refreshable Bean Builder Bookstore' bean.beanDefinition.setAttribute( ScriptFactoryPostProcessor.REFRESH_CHECK_DELAY_ATTRIBUTE, 60000) } }
Groovier databases
Out of the JAR, Spring provides support for inline scripts and scripts loaded via the Spring
Resource abstraction (see Related topics). You saw inline scripts and
Resource-based scripts — specifically
CLASSPATH resources — in Part 1. You've just added more dynamic behavior using refreshable beans. Spring's ability to load, compile, and refresh dynamic language beans rests on the
ScriptSource interface, shown in Listing 10 (Javadocs omitted):
Listing 10.
ScriptSource interface
public interface ScriptSource { String getScriptAsString() throws IOException; boolean isModified(); String suggestedClassName(); }
ScriptSource defines three methods: one to obtain the script
source code, one to determine if the script has been modified, and one that returns a
suggested class name for the script. Spring provides two implementations of this
StaticScriptSource and
ResourceScriptSource. You use
StaticScriptSource when defining scripts in your Spring configuration file.
ResourceScriptSource is used to load scripts from any
Resource (for example, from scripts located in files, on the
CLASSPATH, or from URLs).
Static and
Resource-based scripts provide a wide range of places to define scripts, but you might want to use a database as the script location, for several good reasons. For example, many organizations do not allow file-system access to production machines, or they might require deployment as a WAR or EAR file. In addition, databases are transactional resources that most organizations already use and are familiar with. Databases also provide one relatively easy means to centralize data access and security without needing to know specifics about file systems, servers, and so on. Finally, storing scripts in a database means you could update the scripts from an application by allowing users to edit the scripts. (Of course, when you store active code in a database, it is important to consider the potential security implications and secure your application appropriately.)
Suppose you want to store your Groovy scripts in a relational database. As of Spring 2.5,
you can create new types of scripts, but you must create your own
ScriptSource and extend some of the Spring classes. Specifically, you need to define your own
ScriptSource implementation and modify Spring's
ScriptFactoryPostProcessor so it knows how to work with your new type of
Listing 11 implements a
DatabaseScriptSource that uses Spring JDBC to load scripts from a relational database:
Listing 11.
DatabaseScriptSource implementation
public class DatabaseScriptSource implements ScriptSource { private final String scriptName; private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; private Timestamp lastKnownUpdate; private final Object lastModifiedMonitor = new Object(); public DatabaseScriptSource(String scriptName, DataSource dataSource) { this.scriptName = scriptName; this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); } public String getScriptAsString() throws IOException { synchronized (this.lastModifiedMonitor) { this.lastKnownUpdate = retrieveLastModifiedTime(); } return (String) jdbcTemplate.queryForObject( "select script_source from groovy_scripts where script_name = ?", new Object[]{ this.scriptName }, String.class); } public boolean isModified() { synchronized (this.lastModifiedMonitor) { Timestamp lastUpdated = retrieveLastModifiedTime(); return lastUpdated.after(this.lastKnownUpdate); } } public String suggestedClassName() { return StringUtils.stripFilenameExtension(this.scriptName); } private Timestamp retrieveLastModifiedTime() { return (Timestamp) this.jdbcTemplate.queryForObject( "select last_updated from groovy_scripts where script_name = ?", new Object[]{ this.scriptName }, Timestamp.class); } }
DatabaseScriptSource in Listing 11 is fairly straightforward, though you could make it more generic in terms of the database table structure it expects. It assumes a table named
groovy_scripts having columns
script_source, and
last_updated. It supports loading scripts from the
groovy_scripts table and checking for modifications.
Now, you need to teach Spring to recognize the
DatabaseScriptSource. To do this, you must extend
ScriptFactoryPostProcessor and override the
convertToScriptSource method, which is responsible for converting a script-source locator (for example,
classpath:groovierspring/GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy) into a
ScriptSource. The default implementation in
ScriptFactoryPostProcessor is shown in Listing 12:
Listing 12.
convertToScriptSource method
protected ScriptSource convertToScriptSource( String beanName, String scriptSourceLocator, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) { if (scriptSourceLocator.startsWith(INLINE_SCRIPT_PREFIX)) { return new StaticScriptSource( scriptSourceLocator.substring(INLINE_SCRIPT_PREFIX.length()), beanName); } else { return new ResourceScriptSource(resourceLoader.getResource(scriptSourceLocator)); } }
As you can see, the default implementation handles only inline and resource-based scripts. You can create a new subclass of
ScriptFactoryPostProcessor and override
convertToScriptSource to load scripts from your database also, using the
DatabaseScriptSource, as shown in Listing 13:
Listing 13.
CustomScriptFactoryPostProcessor implementation
public class CustomScriptFactoryPostProcessor extends ScriptFactoryPostProcessor { public static final String DATABASE_SCRIPT_PREFIX = "database:"; private DataSource dataSource; @Required public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) { this.dataSource = dataSource; } @Override protected ScriptSource convertToScriptSource(String beanName, String scriptSourceLocator, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) { if (scriptSourceLocator.startsWith(INLINE_SCRIPT_PREFIX)) { return new StaticScriptSource( scriptSourceLocator.substring(INLINE_SCRIPT_PREFIX.length()), beanName); } else if (scriptSourceLocator.startsWith(DATABASE_SCRIPT_PREFIX)) { return new DatabaseScriptSource( scriptSourceLocator.substring(DATABASE_SCRIPT_PREFIX.length()), dataSource); } else { return new ResourceScriptSource( resourceLoader.getResource(scriptSourceLocator)); } } }
CustomScriptFactoryPostProcessor in this listing is similar
ScriptFactoryPostProcessor, except that it adds the
ability to use a database-based script if the script source locator starts with
database: (for example,
database:groovierspring/GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy). Ideally, this mechanism would be more flexible (see the Toward a pluggable script source locator sidebar). But for now you have what you need to store Groovy scripts in your database.
The only task remaining is to configure the
pdfGenerator bean to be read from your database. You first need to define a
scriptFactoryPostProcessor bean using the
CustomScriptFactoryPostProcessor shown in Listing 13. Then you define the
pdfGenerator bean using the database script-source locator. You could define the
pdfGenerator bean using either plain
<bean/> syntax or the more clear
<lang:groovy> syntax. When you use
<lang:groovy>, Spring checks to see if a
ScriptFactoryPostProcessor bean is in the application context named
scriptFactoryPostProcessor and creates one automatically if one does not already exist. If a
scriptFactoryPostProcessor is already defined, Spring uses that bean, which is how you can substitute your own custom implementation. Listing 14 shows the new configuration:
Listing 14. Database
pdfGenerator bean configuration
<jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource" jndi-name="jdbc/GroovierSpringDataSource"/> <bean id="scriptFactoryPostProcessor" class="groovierspring.CustomScriptFactoryPostProcessor"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> <lang:groovy id="pdfGenerator" refresh-check-delay="60000" script-source="database:groovierspring/GroovyPdfGenerator.groovy"> <lang:property name="companyName" value="Database Groovy Bookstore"/> </lang:groovy>
The code in Listing 14 is not much more complicated than anything
you've seen so far. The
scriptFactoryPostProcessor bean requires that a
DataSource be injected, so you also define the
dataSource bean. Otherwise, the only difference is the change from a
CLASSPATH-based script to one that resides in a database. If you're more inclined to use the Grails Bean Builder, you can easily use it to configure the data source and the custom
ScriptFactoryPostProcessor bean.
At this point, you can load Groovy scripts from your database and also refresh them after making changes to the scripts in the database, making Spring's already flexible Groovy support even more flexible and dynamic. You've also seen how you can add your own
ScriptSource implementation to allow scripts to be loaded from wherever you choose.
When Groovy scripts go bad
Everyone probably agrees you should thoroughly test your applications, though people may disagree on exactly how to go about it. For example, is 100 percent code coverage necessary, or possible, or simply a waste of time? Regardless of your personal view, testing becomes that much more important when you suddenly have the ability to deploy changes into a running production system and have those changes take effect immediately, as you can do with Spring's dynamic-language support.
If you decide to use the refreshable beans feature, then you need a solid strategy to ensure that new code works properly and as expected. How to do this effectively depends on your situation:
- How critical is the system?
- If you break something, what is the impact?
- How quickly can you fix problems that arise?
Your specific situation probably involves additional considerations, but the bottom line is that the bean-refresh feature is both powerful and potentially dangerous. You need to use it responsibly. The two main types of problems you can encounter are script-compilation errors and run-time errors.
Script-compilation errors
Suppose you change a script at run time such that it will not compile. When Spring detects
the change and tries to reload the bean, a
ScriptCompilationException is thrown wrapping the original exception, such as a Groovy
MultipleCompilationErrorsException. When this occurs, Spring cancels the attempt to reload the bean, and the original bean keeps on chugging as if nothing had happened. Your application needs to respond to
ScriptCompilationExceptions appropriately. Mostly likely, you should display some kind of error message and send a notification (such as an e-mail message or instant message) to developers or operations staff. Of course, whoever is deploying the changes to the script should monitor the application to make sure the script compiles successfully and that the new bean replaces the old bean.
All is not lost, however, because scripts that don't compile have no effect on already deployed beans. So, you can fix the problem that caused the compilation exception and try again. Assuming the bean compiles successfully, Spring replaces the existing bean with the new one transparently to application code. Your changes are now in place without requiring redeployment or restarting your application.
Run-time script errors
Run-time script errors have the same problems as run-time errors thrown by compiled code: they cause a failure condition in your application that most likely will propagate up to users and cause whatever action they try to perform to fail. For example, suppose you make a change to the
GroovyPdfGenerator such that it compiles but throws a run-time exception whenever it tries to generate a PDF. In that case, the code using the
pdfGenerator either must handle the exception or propagate it, and most likely the user will receive an error message stating that a PDF could not be generated (and that it will be fixed as soon as possible!)
But as with script-compilation errors, all is not lost when run-time script errors occur. In fact, because scripts can be changed at run time, they can be fixed more easily than compiled code. You fix whatever problem exists in your script, and once the script is reloaded, the problem is no more. So from a certain perspective, the ability to change code at run time gives you not only more flexibility to make changes, but also more flexibility when errors strike. This doesn't mean you should make all beans in your Spring applications refreshable, though. Like many things, refreshable beans are probably best used in moderation.
Script security
One last, but certainly not least, consideration is security. It's important to secure your scripts and ensure that only authorized users or administrators can modify them. In some ways, this is no different from how you secure any other part of your application. For example, most applications need to ensure data integrity and restrict users' access to functionality that's specific to their roles or privileges. But on the other hand, this capability potentially opens up new attack vectors for hackers to intrude into your system and change not only data but also system behavior. You certainly want to reduce your application's attack surface and must weigh pros and cons as with all design trade-offs.
What makes security perhaps more important is the fact that with Spring's dynamic-language support, you can change not just system data, but behavior as well. This is to some extent true anyway: think about an SQL injection attack that injects malicious code, or JavaScript cross-site scripting, or cross-site request forgery attacks that can change or replace your system's behavior. My point is that you need to think about how to ensure proper controls on your Groovy scripts, especially if they are refreshable.
Depending on how you use refreshable beans, the additional security risk may be outweighed by the advantages of changing behavior at run time. Imagine a customer-facing sales application that needs frequent rule changes for offering discounts to customers, or perhaps an insurance application whose business rules can change frequently. In such cases, you could design a DSL written in Groovy that salespeople or insurance agents could change to suit the current business need. Maybe you want to add a bit of logic to offer a 10 percent discount on purchases over $50. It is certainly possible to accommodate this type of change by allowing users to edit small bits of a DSL directly in a running application. Or maybe you design a graphical editor they can use to change the discount policy.
You've now seen how to integrate Groovy into Spring-based applications using either compiled Groovy classes or scripts that are dynamically compiled and loaded. You also know how to make scripted Groovy beans refreshable, how to customize Groovy beans at creation time, and even how to store them in a relational database. You've learned how script-compilation and run-time errors affect running applications in different ways, and how refreshable beans can make fixing bugs at run time easier than using traditional architectures that require redeployment or an application restart. Finally, I briefly touched on security implications of scripted and refreshable beans, noting that you need to assess thoroughly the type of level of security required for your applications.
Together, Spring and Groovy make a powerful combination: Spring provides architecture and infrastructure, while Groovy adds dynamic capabilities. Spring's ability to reload Groovy scripts when they change can take your applications into uncharted territory. Remember though: "With great power comes great responsibility." Adding a much more dynamic nature to your applications is sure to make them more flexible and powerful, but it also brings up issues and challenges that you might not have had to deal with before.
Downloadable resources
- PDF of this content
- Sample code (j-groovierspringcode.zip | 8.5MB)
Related topics
- Spring Framework: Spring from the source.
- Spring AOP: This chapter in the Spring reference guide covers aspect-oriented programming in Spring.
- Spring's Resource Abstraction: This Spring reference guide chapter explains the Spring
Resourceinterface and its various implementations.
- Pro Spring (Rob Harrop and Jan Machacek, Apress, 2005): This book covers all aspects of the Spring Framework.
- Practically Groovy: This developerWorks series is dedicated to exploring the practical uses of Groovy and teaching you when and how to apply them successfully.
- Grails Bean Builder: Programmatically build your Spring beans.


text: I am just finishing up the last couple of weeks of training for my "super tech" pilot program. Unfortunately, I seem to have reinvented the wheel--this type of program is not being done in this area of Alabama. Our state board says that they can chart after notifying the nurse what they have done. What do you have them chart on? I know that they should not write on the nurses note. Can anyone out there share a document or an idea for a document with me?HELP ME, PLEASE:crying2: FIFI 0 Likes


text:
The parents of a child who was killed in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting have written an emotional response to the families of the Orlando nightclub victims.
"I am sorry that our tragedy here in Sandy Hook wasn't enough to save your loved ones," Jimmy Greene and Nelba Márquez-Greene wrote on a Facebook page commemorating their 6-year-old daughter, Ana Márquez-Greene, who died in the 2012 mass shooting at her school. Márquez-Greene founded The Ana Grace Project in memory of her daughter to prevent violence and promote recovery.
"Don't you dare even listen to even ONE person who may insinuate that somehow this is your loved ones fault because they were gay or any other reason," Greene and Márquez-Greene wrote on Facebook. "Nor is it God's wrath…They did that to us on Sandy Hook- too. And it broke my heart."
The Orlando nightclub attack, in which 49 victims were killed, was the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history.
Greene and Márquez-Greene encouraged people to bring up the issue of gun violence in a house of worship or community group and to call police if they believe anyone may be on the verge of committing an attack.
"Let's be more than bystanders. Let's save lives," Greene and Márquez-Greene wrote.


text:
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It is essential to protect your property from the outside. Ensuring that your home, business, car, or family is safe can be a difficult task, but with our help, we hope to eliminate some of that stress. Welcome to Agoura Lock & Key, where we are dedicated to proficiency, professionalism, and promptness.
Agoura Lock & Key is a locally owned and operated locksmith company located in Agoura Hills, California. Over the past 20 years, we have grown into a reputable, trustworthy company. We are licensed, bonded, and insured and have trained technicians on staff. Our company is equipped to handle general locksmith services, rekeying, lockouts, safe combination changes and much more. In stock, we carry over 500 types and/or brands of locks and safes. Give us a call today!
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{Copyright (C) 2010 Agoura Lock Technologies, Inc. All Rights Reserved}


text:
For the kind thoughts.
I'm typing this one-handed, so it'll be short. Ortho found a fixable mess in the shoulder, something no amount of PT would have fixed. So it looks like I made a good choice.
Back on the Percocet diet - haven't had much to eat since before surgery because of nausea. I'm still amazed at how much ortho surgery hurts!
Decided that my plan to return to work Monday was a wee bit optimistic. Just like everyone told me it would be. I'm surprised that my office manager hasn't tried to strangle me yet.
Sunday, January 26, 2014
2 comments:
Good luck. Sorry you're going through this :(
- January 26, 2014 at 11:50 PM
- ER's Mom said...
Part of this blog is to show that us docs are human and we have lives that are as varied as everyone else's - parenting, workplace difficulties, illness, silliness. It also acts as my journal, so when I need some mental relief, I come here.
It's 4:30 in the morning, I need the percocet to kick in.
- January 27, 2014 at 4:31 AM
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text:
Richard Verrier
Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Health
Department of Environmental Health
Other Affiliations
Associate Professor of Medicine, HMS; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Our research is focused on neural, behavioral, and environmental triggers of sudden cardiac death and arrhythmias. The laboratory specializes in computerized analysis of electrocardiographic markers, especially T-wave alternans, a beat-to-beat fluctuation in the area and form of the T-wave of the ECG. We demonstrated that T-wave alternans provides an index of vulnerability to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias as well as a means to identify individuals at risk and to measure the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy. Current investigations include neural triggers of sudden death during ischemia, anger, REM sleep, and exposure to environmental air particles. Our research has led to a novel technique for selective delivery of angiogenic and myogenic factors to the heart via the pericardial sac. This technology provides a natural interface between molecular and integrative biology.
Ph.D., 1969, University of Virginia


text:
Data mining of the Toyota Tundra Bassmaster Angler of the Year points standings as of Friday night, June 10, turned up a few interesting, um, well…points about possible Classic qualification scenarios.
One: Brothers Chris and Bobby Lane have 1,494 points each. They sit at 14th and 15th place, respectively. That doesn't pit brother against brother because where they're standing, the award would be the same for both: a 2012 Classic qualification. Both the Lanes made the Classic in 2008, but have yet to duplicate that brother act.
Two: The Classic cutline is at 28th place. But double qualifiers will expand the number of Elite pros in the 2012 Classic. That's because when a pro nails a Classic berth through a route other than the Elite points system, the points berth goes to the next Elite pro on the list. All Elite event winners, for example, win a Classic entry. If those event winners are high in the points — and six of seven now are — their duplicate berths go to Elite pros just below the 28 cutline.
Three: The above scenario means that the wait for a first Classic berth may be over for Marty Robinson, Elite pro since 2007; and Pat Golden, in the Elite field since 2008.
Four: Even closer to their first taste of a Classic as competitors are Keith Poche, an Elite rookie in 2010; and Ott DeFoe, 2011 rookie. Both are well above the 28 cutline.
Five: Skeet Reese, the 2009 Classic champ who hasn't missed qualifying since 2002, isn't likely to ride the Elite points into the 2012 contest. He's hovering in the 60s after two days of Diamond Drive fishing. His options include winning next week's Dixie Duel or winning one of the five remaining 2011 Bass Pro Shops Bassmaster Open events.
While the points system determines Classic qualifications, the main function is as a competition for the season's top angler award worth $100,000 and a prestigious title. As of Friday, the leaders in the Bassmaster Angler of the Year award competition were Kevin VanDam leading Edwin Evers, Steve Kennedy, Alton Jones and Terry Scroggins, in that order.
The standings change daily. Points earned at the Diamond Drive will be officially awarded after the tournament ends Sunday.


text:
Managing risk is what insurance is all about. Unpredictability rules the roost. Tornados touch down in unexpected places, super storms are drifting further up the northeast coast. Western U.S. droughts are unprecedented. Trends point to more disasters to come. Unpredictability is not just the nature of the business, it's the nature of nature itself. Having the flexibility to choose among options – such as deciding whether to outsource or insource your claims services, or whether to deploy software or request services– is key to survival.
A sudden surge in demand for field adjusters can leave most insurers in a lurch, prompting the need to tap outside resources. For carriers who can ramp up services as needed and maintain local staffing, there is always the option of using web-based applications.
Having a choice to use either software or services or a combination of both on-demand positively impacts the bottom line and improves overall customer experience. A superior customer experience paves the road to retention.
Prior to founding Enservio, I was a Product Manager at Marshall Swift & Boehck (now Corelogic NYSE: CLGX) where I was responsible for building a Contents Estimating application that could sit alongside their structural estimating claim platform. While we received some interest, we learned that many property carriers preferred to outsource the entire contents claim estimating process. With so many different strategies available today for handling personal and commercial contents claims, the software-only strategy may not be enough to tackle the entire challenge.
To really scale up in a broad and effective way, both software and services need to come into play. Having the option of using either or both will achieve the right balance, and the kind of flexibility carriers need for optimum performance.
Years ago I drew this simple diagram to illustrate this strategy:
Using this construct we can learn to think in a more consultative way that puts needs and capabilities well ahead of pushing products that don't fit. We can then fill the grid with products and services that make the most sense to meet particular requirements, as in the example below.
The goal is to offer a compelling blend of services and software to address a variety contents claim regardless of type, complexity and business rules.
Whether it's inventory and valuation services for Main Street, high-net worth or commercial; software to power carrier call centers; or analytics to cover all processes, carriers have the flexibility to put together the right mix of tools for most contingencies, achieving productivity gains.
James Fini is founder of Enservio and its Vice President of Research & Development.


text:
CMBC 90 Day Tithing Challenge
The word "tithe" is derived from the Hebrew word "ma'sarer" and it literally means the tenth. In Malachi 3:10 – 11, God says "Bring the whole tithes into the storehouse that there may be food in my house." The "storehouse" is the Old Testament picture of the New Testament church.
Giving away 10% of your income can be a big, often frightening, commitment! That is why we created the 90-Day Tithing Challenge: A money-back guarantee of sorts. Essentially, it is a contract based on the promises of God in Malachi 3:10–11.
We commit to you that if you tithe consistently for 90 days and God does not hold true to His promises of blessings, we will refund 100% of your money. No questions asked.
God does not need your money because he owns everything. We give first because it takes faith to give first and God wants us to trust him. He tells us in Proverbs 3:9–10 to "honor the Lord with your wealth, with the first-fruits of all your crops and then your barns will be filled with overflowing." We give first and the blessings of God follow.
Are you ready to accept the challenge?
Follow the steps below.
Click here to register and commit to tithing 10% of your income for 90 days.
Begin the practice of tithing. Return 10% of your income to God through giving through
Online Giving or Mobile Giving
Record what God has done in your life for 90 days and share your story with us.


text:
THURSDAY, 28 DECEMBER - Researchers and students of languages and linguistics at UMS closed 2017 in fine form with a talk given by Dr. Andrew M. Carruthers held recently.
Dr. Carruthers is currently the Max Weber Foundation Post-Doctoral Fellow in the Department of Southeast Asian Studies at the National University of Singapore (NUS).
His talk, titled 'The Meaning of "Moreness" for Bugis Migrants', was the first in a line-up of seminars planned under the newly set up Brown Bag Seminar Series for Languages and Linguistics at Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language (PPIB).
Dr. Carruthers delivered a highly informative and engaging talk to audience comprising postgraduate and undergraduate students, academic staff from PPIB and FKSW, as well as the local public.
The talk "examined how Bugis desires for moreness (kelebihan) reflect and shape the semiotic nature of mobility, providing an account of the meaning and value of moreness as it figures in the lives of Bugis people who travel from locations of lessness to realms of achievable mores.
It also analyzed how Bugis communities evaluate and sensuously experience signs of moreness as they travel to new domains home to "new" intensities of "old" qualities".
Dr. Carruthers is a linguistic and sociocultural anthropologist specializing in Malay speaking maritime Southeast Asia. He studies the relation between language, mobilities, and infrastructures as a source of insight into the ways people experience, evaluate, and navigate shifting and potentially hazardous terrains in their everyday lives.
His long-term ethnographic research has centred on the Bugis — a traditionally mobile, seafaring people who consider the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi to be their ancestral home, but have long migrated throughout the sprawling Indonesian archipelago and beyond in search of "moreness".
He has conducted ethnographic and linguistic fieldwork in Indonesia's South Sulawesi, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, and Riau Islands Provinces, and in the East Malaysian state of Sabah. Dr. Carruthers holds a B.A. from Cornell University in Anthropology and Southeast Asian Studies, and an M.Phil. and Ph.D. from Yale University in Anthropology.
The Brown Bag Seminar Series is the latest initiative by PPIB's Research and Innovation office. The seminar features local and international speakers sharing and highlighting their research in the fields of languages and linguistics - two very rich sources of research data on Sabah.
Those interested to give a talk or suggest a speaker are welcome to contact Dr. Mohd. Sohaimi Esa, Deputy Dean for Research & Innovation (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。) or Dr. Jane Wong (该Email地址已收到反垃圾邮件插件保护。要显示它您需要在浏览器中启用JavaScript。) to give further details.


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Friday, September 7, 2012
On the Needles ~ Way Too Much!
This is my second Brown Sugar sock, a plain vanilla one. The yarn color is called brown sugar, but don't ask me why.
GS David loves the color green, and when I saw this yarn at Spin A Yarn last weekend, it just had his name on it. The pattern's a row of 1/1 ribbing followed by a row of plain knitting, but now I'm wondering whether there will be enough yarn. Time will tell. And the shawls? They are in Time Out for the moment.......
10 comments:
- Judy D in WA said...
Love the Brown Sugar sock! Love the colors in the green yarn.
Sorry you are ripping and reknitting. Not fun. Good to have something "plain" to take your mind off your ripping.
- September 7, 2012 at 4:49 PM
- Mary said...
Sorry about your ripping - I'm doing the same this week. Love the yarn colors.
- September 7, 2012 at 5:51 PM
- Paula, the quilter said...
That Brown Sugar sock is awesome!
- September 7, 2012 at 6:09 PM
- Nancy said...
I agree with the others about the Brown Sugar sock and yarn. It't fabulous!
Interesting pattern for the hat: I'm going to try to remember it. The ribbing shows more on the inside of the hat than on the outside.
- September 7, 2012 at 7:38 PM
- Susan said...
It's all Greek to me. =) Love that green yarn, particularly.
- September 8, 2012 at 11:04 AM
- kathy b said...
LOVE the simple sock construction and letting the yarn show off. Is the green going to be a hat???
- September 8, 2012 at 11:57 AM
- Connie Eyberg Originals said...
That is such a beautiful green yarn. I don't knit and rarely crochet, but once in awhile I will walk the yarn isle and am just in love with some of the gorgeous colors and textures available.
- September 8, 2012 at 12:48 PM
- Susan Elliott said...
Time out indeed! I know what you mean about returning to a more simpler project in the midst of a challenging one...plough on!!
- September 9, 2012 at 5:48 AM
- Tanna said...
All my knitting has been in time out for the past few days... not because I wanted to, but too many things going on... I think I am having DTs. ;) blessings ~ tanna
- September 10, 2012 at 4:46 AM
- Unknown said...
Thanks for stopping by my blog. So, I wanted to check out yours! Love, love, love the socks. Beautiful yarn. I am getting ready to start on a new pair of socks! It's hard to pass up sock yarn...and who can't use another pair of socks!!
You live in a beautiful part of the country. I enjoyed looking at the lovely pictures of west coast scenery!
- September 11, 2012 at 9:25 AM


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To qualify to join the army, it's necessary to be in the best physical condition possible. Getting in shape takes a little bit of time for most of us, hence the need for patience. To start with, you need to be familiar with the basics of training. Hinging on your prevailing physical condition, it might take a few months or even up to a year to get you in top shape for service. Service hopefuls require a combination of strength and cardiovascular training and a healthy diet to get them to where they need to be to be accepted into the army.
The Army Physical Fitness Test
All your training efforts must be geared towards passing the army physical fitness test. The APFT tests your endurance, cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength conducted on three exercises;
- Push-ups with the upper arms parallel to the floor.
- Sit-ups completed with the upper-body rousing vertically with the neck over the spine.
- A two-mile spurt.
The APFT aggregate score is determined by your score in the above three mentioned exercises.
Preparing for the APFT test
With the right workouts, it's possible to increase your chances of passing the APFT test. Men should perform 65-80 sit-ups and 60-75 push-up exercises each in two minutes and 14 to 14:30 minutes on the two-mile run. Ladies need to perform 65-80 sit-ups and 30-45 push-up exercises and clock fifteen and a half to eighteen minutes on the two-mile run.
Step 1: Nutrition
Eat healthily. A balanced diet remains a pre-exquisite for basic training. A healthy diet fuels the body – include plenty of carbohydrates and proteins. Also, eat five to six meals throughout each day. Meals should consist of lean meats, whole grains, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and fruits.
Step 2: Hydration
Take plenty of water to remain hydrated at all times. Eight glasses of water should suffice. Water replenishes the muscles after exercising.
Step 3: Cardio
Improve your endurance. Cardiovascular exercise aids in raising your stamina and endurance. Researchers suggest half an hour of cardiovascular exercises five days a weekly for weight maintenance. Engage in 60 to 90-minute exercises for weight loss for a few days a week, even though this varies from person to person. Cardiovascular exercises include cycling, brisk walking, sprinting (mixed with varying intensities during the workout), running, aerobics and swimming.
Step 4: Strength training
Strength training helps in building muscles and toning the body, thereby adequately prepares you for the gruesome demands of the army. Use free weights and weight machines to develop both your lower and upper body strength – including sit-ups, lunges, pushups, planks, squats, chin-ups and reverse crunches.
We recommend you partake in strength training three days a week on non-successive days to allow for muscle recovery. Consult a physician in preparation to embarking on an exercise regimen or joining any arm of the military to get a clearance. If you are cleared to attempt the regimen, then by all means, go for it.


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Join our e-mail newsletter, Oral Health Matters!, for the latest OHNEP information
Please check out our new open access publication "The Impact of Oral-Systemic Health on Advancing Interprofessional Education Outcomes" in the Journal of Dental Education.
Keep up to date with us! Check out our summer newsletter.
We are excited to share with you our new open source publication, Oral Health in Pregnancy, published in the Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing.
AAOSH (American Academy for Oral Systemic Health's) mission is uniting dentists & physicians in thought and practice in the treatment of oral systemic disease.
April is Oral Cancer Awareness Month. In this blog, we discuss e-cigarettes, which may pose new risks for developing oral cancer.
Dear Health Care Professionals and Students,
HRSA Health Workforce:
The Bureau of Health Workforce's Division of Medicine and Dentistry is offering the following series:


text: Edwardian 35,301 Posted March 4, 2019 Share Posted March 4, 2019 12 minutes ago, Poggy1165 said: Thank you. I will try a dark brown, maybe with a hint of black added. The funny thing is, in real life it doesn't look too bad, but when photographed - ye gods! Blue pencil awful. There is a moral here. Possibly "don't photograph your models." I have found by experience that the camera lens is very unforgiving. It has made me more tolerant of the defects that show up in so many photos of layouts, and even more admiring of those layouts/models where no defects appear. Yes, the flash will have exaggerated the tone. One reason why a wash that tones down is likely to do the trick. My models look much better in the flesh than when I photograph them! They are generally larger in the photographs for one thing! 2 1 Link to post Share on other sites


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1 tablespoon olive oil
1 yellow onion chopped
3 carrots chopped
3 stalks celery chopped
1 fennel bulb chopped
4 cloves garlic minced
1 can cannellini beans
2 tsp. oregano
2 tsp. basil
2 tsp. rosemary
Pinch red pepper
8 ounces diced tomatoes
4 quarts chicken broth
4 chicken sausages sliced
1 bunch parsley chopped
Grated cheese of choice (optional)
1. Saute onions, carrots, celery, garlic, and fennel until soft.
2. Add herbs and saute for a few more minutes.
3. Add chicken broth and diced tomatoes and simmer for 20 minutes.
4. Keep simmer going and add sliced chicken sausages for 5 minutes or until cooked.
5. Add can of cannellini beans, chopped parsley, and salt and pepper to taste. Add optional grated cheese.


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FG Should Encourage Telecoms, Power Firms To List — Shareholders
Shareholders in the country's equities market have called on the Federal Government to do everything within its reach to encourage telecommunications and power firms to list on the Nigerian Stock Exchange.
They said citing the shallow nature of the Nigeria's capital market, which is depicted by the poor capitalisation threshold.
The shareholders warned that legislations and regulations in such industries should be good enough to attract potential firms, especially those that have indicated interest to list her shares on the Exchange.
Calling for deepening of the country's capital market, the President, Constance Shareholders Association of Nigeria, Alhaji Shehu Mikail, in an interview, said the current state of the country characterised by multiple regulation and uninformed legislations, was enough to discourage firms nursing the desire to list on the NSE.
He said the current poor economic decisions of the government, for instance, were not only deterring firms in the manufacturing sector to come on board, but had made some of the listed companies to pull out.
"Our government is not being proactive. The issues of multiple taxation and unfriendly legislative dispositions are clear areas a firm like MTN Nigeria has complained about. But we are not addressing the issues but want them to come and list. This is not fair," Mikail said.
He said with the prevailing unstable economic policies and fiscal regime, the country might not be doing much to change the shallow status of the capital market.
The CSAN boss said for instance, the current controversy surrounding the MTN Nigeria sanction, was a distraction for the company which had announced it was planning to list on the NSE in 2017. "Companies like that and others in the power sector, might conclude that getting listed will expose them to more fines and sanctions, and therefore, keep their operations private," he explained.
He urged the government to be more liberal considering the fact that capital is a 'coward', and will run away from any signs of uncertainty.
For the sectors that might produce new intakes on the NSE, he said government must endeavour to show more commitment to the potential firms, and review its "body language" and policies to encourage them.
In the same vein, the President, Progressive Shareholders Association of Nigeria, Mr. Boniface Okezie, said this was the time for government to bring forth incentives like tax holidays and other benefits for firms intending to list on the NSE.
He said, "As we speak, companies are leaving the NSE and more will leave if the conditions are not favourable. This is not the time to scare away firms with our laws and regulations. We need to give them tax waivers and manage the current complexities in a regulatory framework. A company like MTN should be encouraged.
"The Federal Government needs to provide the requisite infrastructure these firms need to thrive. But we are even lucky that players in the telecoms space, for instance, generate their own power majorly and use the national grid as a back-up. It is unfortunate; but these are the areas we need to look at as a government," Okezie said.
He described as unnecessary the activities of local, state and the Federal Government in imposing arbitrary taxes on the firms, saying such unfriendly acts were capable of keeping would-be investors away.
On the power sector, he said a lot of investments had been done and there was the need to reap the benefits now.
Speaking on the activities of Nigerian legislators, he said their primary aim should be to protect the economy and Nigerians, and ensure that their legislations were in the best interest of the people.
Also speaking, the President, Renaissance Shareholders Association of Nigeria, Mr. Olufemi Timothy, urged the NSE to put the market in order so that new firms could be attracted to the market.
He said if everything was done right in terms of legislation and the NSE relented in playing its role, the situation of the capital market would remain deplorable.


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Your parents may have had to walk uphill, both ways, to get to school. But as ideological warfare threatens the teaching of climate science and evolution in many schools, it is clear that today's students face their own obstacles on the road to a respectable science education — and some are speaking out.
For his high school senior project, Zack Kopplin started a campaign to repeal the Louisiana Science Education Act, a 2008 law passed in his home state that opens a "back door" to teaching creationism in public schools, he says. Currently taking a year off from Rice University to work and travel, Mr. Kopplin, 20, is widely recognized as the state's leading voice against science denial education. He has expanded his campaign to fight similar laws across the country, as well as the use of public vouchers to send students to religious schools. He argues regularly, if unsuccessfully, before the Louisiana Senate to strike down the law, and his April appearance on "Real Time With Bill Maher," in which he faced off against a conservative economist, Stephen Moore, went viral.
"I'm proud to be from Louisiana, but I don't want people to laugh at me when I go out of state. 'Oh that's the guy from the stupid state with the creationism law,' " Mr. Kopplin said.
In Britain in March, Esha Marwaha, a 16-year-old from Hounslow, West London, started an online petition calling for Education Secretary Michael Gove to abandon a plan to remove references to climate change from the geography curriculum for students under 14. The petition got more than 30,000 signatures, and in July, Mr. Gove changed course.
Ms. Marwaha, a self-described geography fanatic, said lessons about climate change — whether it is caused by people or not — are crucial to keeping future students engaged in evidence-based science.
Written By: Douglas Quenquacontinue to source article at nytimes.com


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Commercial daycare or In-home childcare: Is one better than the other? Lisa Pedler ENG121: English Composition I Instructor Jenna Fussell July 30, 2012 When it comes down to choosing the best childcare option for your child, the first factor that most parents look at is: what that particular child needs. Now, there is nothing wrong with that, but there are a number of factors that needs to be considered prior to making that final choice. The decision of whether to send your child to a commercial daycare center or an in-home family childcare should depend on more than just the need of the child.
Parents need to also consider environment, cost, certification, daily schedules, and provider to child ratios. When a parent finally makes the ultimate decision to place their child into the care of someone else, they must be sure that it's the best person or place not only for the child but for them as a parents as well. Daycare centers provide children with a safe, and healthy environment that not only gives the child a place to laugh and play, but a place to build and improve their social and developmental skills.
Daycare centers are required to uphold all state requirements such as provider to child ratios, health inspections, food regulations, cleanliness, safety, and discipline. The provider to child ratio can vary depending on the state regulation, the size of the building, and the age of the children. There could be times where there are more children to one provider than a parent may be comfortable with- meaning your child may not get that one on one attention he or she may need. Age groups separate children in a commercial daycare center, therefore allowing children to mingle amongst children their own age.
This also helps with the issue of having younger children around toys that the older children are permitted to play with. State issued health inspections are required but the frequencies of such inspections can vary. State regulated centers must also pass food regulations, as well as implement required safety and disciplinary protocols. The environment of the daycare center needs to be considered. Most daycare centers provide children with a number of child size equipment, furniture and activities. They also offer many different stations children can rotate into throughout the day.
A state regulated center can offer a parent the security of having implemented the use of security cameras. Daycare centers also have a steep chain of command, which is lead by the centers director. When you think of a daycare center, you think of costs. It is implied that commercial daycare costs are usually on the more expensive end of the bar. One must think of its employees that have to be paid and other programs that have to be paid for. Even though a daycare center may be a bit expensive, most parents believe that it is well worth it considering all a center can offer them and their child(ren).
Another factor that needs to be explored when looking at a commercial daycare center is the issue of illnesses amongst the children. When a child is in a four-wall room with 15 other children, the risk of catching another child's illness goes up drastically. Not only does the risk factor go up, but the possibility of containing the illness goes down. There are so many children in and out of the room throughout the day that germs are being spread from child to child to toy to toy. Moving away from commercial daycare centers, we look into in-home family childcare.
Deciding to go with in-home care not only brings just about all the advantages of a daycare center, but it also brings a little more to the table. When choosing an in-home care, you would need to be sure that it is a licensed home. When a home is licensed, they too have to follow state requirements for provider to child ratio, health inspections, food regulations, cleanliness, safety, and discipline. Most states requires that in-home childcare have a smaller ratio than what a commercial daycare center may have for one provider.
This ultimately means that your child will get more of a one on one experience. However, an in-home care may have a smaller number of children, but they have a broader age range in care. This simply means that one home can consist of a six-week old infant, a two-year-old toddler, and a four-year-old preschooler. Just as commercial daycares, in-home childcare has to go through many health inspections and also be able to pass implemented food regulations, as well as safety and disciplinary protocols.
In-home childcare environments may differ from those of a commercial center. The space of an in-home care may be limited to an area of the home; however, the child can feel more at home due to the fact that it still remains a home. Having this as an advantage may give the child more security than that of a commercial center. In-home childcare costs are usually lower than that of a commercial daycare center. This can be for reason such as the provider sets the rates, and that there is only one person that needs to get paid.
Having one provider in the home means that the payments that are coming in does not have to be calculated between several individuals, therefore bringing down the cost of childcare. The issue of traveling germs may not be of a high risk factor in an in-home care as it would be in a daycare center. The smaller number of children in a home makes it a little easier for an illness to be contained. It becomes easier to watch the children, watch what is being shared, and what is being put into their mouths because of the smaller number.
In the end, parents have a huge decision to make. Whether a parent chooses the safe, more sociable, and more costly way of childcare or the still safe, more family orientated, and less costly way of childcare; the decision of leaving your child in the care of someone else is huge. When on the hunt for that home away from home for your child; there are many factors that should be considered. Whether you decide to go with a commercial daycare center or an in-home care, your child is going to be off to a great start in life in a safe, and playful environment.
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text: I have been involved in the IT industry for more than 20 years now starting as a software developer and moving into project and program management and continuing into IT management. For the past several years I have been working with outsourced software developers and have learned a lot about developing a successful relationship with outsourced partners. I enjoy working with smart people and have had the honor working with many of them across the globe. I firmly believe that your best resources may not be living in your city and armed with the right knowledge and tools you can have a successful engagement with software developers / ui designers / etc across time zones and cultures.


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After many years of testing, we are able to offer an adhesive remover that works effectively on most types of adhesives, yet is non toxic and water soluble.
Soyclean adhesive remover works by breaking down the internal bonds of the adhesive, causing it to weaken. It is effective for removal of dried adhesive, and sticky adhesive residue. It also can be used to break down the charred adhesive that develops in hotmelt application equipment. Once it has done the job of breaking down the adhesive, it can be cleaned up with water.
Soyclean is safe, so adhesive cleanup can be done without the use of flammable solvents or toxic adhesive stripping agents.
Soyclean is packaged in the following sizes:
- 22 oz spray bottle
- 1 gallon pails
- 5 gallon pails
- 55 gallon drums
It is effective, safe, and it really works!


text: Show all aerial architecture Arts Assignment Culture Endurance flowers Food In The Kitchen landscape Lifestyle live music Music Photography plants Running rural Sports Swimming Swimrun Tech Travel Triathlon urban venue video wedding a classic redone, the vegan way – lasagneA classic redone, the vegan way – lasagne by kurkista Wedding in MayWhen you are alone for days or weeks at a time, you eventually become…by kurkista mökki 2015We spent a week in a cottage in central Finland, here are some…by kurkista KruunuvuorenrantaAn abandoned area in Helsinki. by kurkista huvilaViews of a mighty venue called Huvila, Helsinki. by kurkista Super SaturdaySuperSaturday - full of swimming and running. by kurkista Protected: vappu2016muutama kuva by kurkista beetroot browniesThis recipe is a variation. Inspiration is taken from the vegan cookbook…by kurkista views from a walkviews from a walk in Vuosaari by kurkista Bodomtrail 2016Bodom trail running 2016. by kurkista luomusLuomus, the Kaisaniemi Botanic Garden by kurkista Openwater weekSuper swim week - five days of swimming. by kurkista 123…7