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Investment growth in emerging market and developing economies has slowed sharply since 2010. This column argues that this slowdown reflects a range of factors, including negative terms-of-trade shocks, slowing FDI inflows, weak activity, and rising private debt burdens and political risk. Policymakers can boost investment directly through public investment, and indirectly by taking measures to improve overall growth prospects and the business climate.
M. Ayhan Kose, Franziska Ohnsorge, Lei (Sandy) Ye, 24 April 2017
Barry Eichengreen, Poonam Gupta, Oliver Masetti, 24 February 2017
According to conventional wisdom, capital flows are fickle. Focusing on emerging markets, this column argues that despite recent structural and regulatory changes, much of this wisdom still holds today. Foreign direct investment inflows are more stable than non-FDI inflows. Within non-FDI inflows, portfolio debt and bank-intermediated flows are most volatile. Meanwhile, FDI and bank-related outflows from emerging markets have grown and become increasingly volatile. This finding underscores the need for greater attention from analysts and policymakers to the capital outflow side.
, 01 September 2016
Growth in half a dozen sub-Saharan countries is across all sectors of the economy. In this video, John Sutton discusses how African countries can attract FDI and how they contribute to creating jobs. This video was recorded at the International Growth Centre.
Simon Evenett, Johannes Fritz, 30 August 2016
In July, G20 trade ministers adopted nine 'Guiding Principles for Global Investment Policymaking'. This column introduces the latest GTA report, which shows how well the G20's track record stacks up against these new growth-promoting goals.
Holger Görg, Christiane Krieger-Boden, Peter Nunnenkamp, 23 August 2016
In theory, firms in developing countries benefit from viable, well-used, stable, and efficient local financial markets as a source of investment for local firms. Financial markets in the home countries of multinationals can also act as a source of FDI to the developing world when local financial markets are weak. This column discusses recent empirical data that support both arguments, and argues that advocates of tighter regulation for financial markets should consider the wider impact on developing country economies.
Randolph Bruno, 14 June 2016
European Union facilitates the inflows of Foreign Direct Investment into its members. In this video, Randolph Bruno (UCL) discusses the results of his research on how inflows of investment capital from foreign countries (FDI) into the EU Members has been on average 28 percentage points higher than non-EU members in the 1985 to 2013 period. He also argues that the UK is one of the countries for which the effect is higher than this average. This video was recorded in June 2016 during the "Economics of the UK-EU Relationship" workshop at Brunel University London.
Randolph Bruno, Nauro Campos, Saul Estrin, Meng Tian, 05 May 2016
The current Brexit debate has highlighted questions about the benefits and costs of EU membership. This column considers the effect of membership on foreign direct investment (FDI). Using several measures, EU membership is found to increase FDI inflows by 14–38% between 1985 and 2013. These results support arguments for economic integration, and indicate that, like international trade, FDI is a key channel through which payoffs are delivered.
Nils Herger, Steve McCorriston, 31 January 2016
A key feature of globalisation over the last three decades has been the wave-like growth of foreign direct investment. This column shows that conglomerate cross-border acquisitions, which are closely associated with mispricing in financial markets, play a significant role in explaining these developments.
Yasuyuki Todo, 24 December 2015
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement was reached in October following seven years of negotiations. This column examines how Japan can maximise the TPP's effect on its economy, identifying several additional policies that will be necessary. These include support for Japanese small and medium enterprises seeking to expand operations overseas, and policies that encourage and ease incoming foreign direct investment.
Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Jan Svejnar, 26 September 2015
While there is substantial evidence that multinationals are more productive than domestic firms, the evidence on productivity spillovers remains mixed. This column estimates the effects of foreign presence on the innovation of local firms. It suggests that spillovers from foreign firms to domestic firms are limited to domestic firms immediately connected to foreign firms. Requirements for foreign firms to have significant local content may therefore be justified.
Peng Xu, 03 August 2015
Corporate Japan is known for avoiding uncertainty. This is one of the reasons why changes of any kind are difficult – but not impossible – to realise. This column employs firm data to show that foreign direct investment has been changing corporate Japan by pursuing risk taking in private Japanese firms. This risk taking is positively related to firms' sales growth and corporate earnings.
Sourafel Girma, Yundan Gong, Holger Görg, Sandra Lancheros, Christiane Krieger-Boden, 24 July 2015
In the run-up to WTO accession in 2001, China considerably liberalised its policy towards FDI. This column argues that foreign acquisitions contributed significantly to raising export activities and R&D activities, though rather through joint ventures than whole acquisitions.
David Atkin, Benjamin Faber, Marco Gonzalez-Navarro, 08 June 2015
Much attention has been paid to supermarkets descending on developing nations, not least because retail is traditionally a big employer. Presenting evidence from Mexico, this column argues that the debate about new foreign retail outlets should focus far more on how supermarkets can greatly reduce the cost of living for the vast majority of local households rather than restricting attention to potentially adverse effects on nominal incomes within the retail sector.
Nicolas Magud, Sebastián Sosa, 13 May 2015
Emerging markets are not the hot investment prospect they used to be. This column estimates that weaker private investment in these nations is a slowdown after a period of boom rather than an outright slump. Prospects for a recovery of business investment, however, are not promising. Commodity prices are expected to remain weak and external financial conditions are set to become tighter.
Joshua Aizenman, Yothin Jinjarak, Huanhuan Zheng, 04 May 2015
China's export-led growth has coincided with the country becoming one of the largest net global creditors. This column looks ahead to the next chapter of Chinese 'outwards mercantilism' – FDI investment in natural resources, commodities and mining bundled with access to finance and the export of Chinese capital products and labour services.
Theodore Moran, 30 January 2015
Joining international supply chains has helped some developing nations to industrialise while leaving others by the wayside. This column discusses research that extract lessons from four case studies. It suggests the key to success is combining pro-active investment promotion with customised infrastructure improvements and public-private vocational training that allow investors to fit production from a novel site seamlessly into the company's international supplier network.
Ron Alquist, Rahul Mukherjee, Linda Tesar, 22 December 2014
Foreign direct investment is an essential element in 21st century development strategies. This column discusses new evidence that estimates the importance of financial liquidity as a driver of such flows into emerging-market economies. Financial liquidity considerations are key determinants of the size and ownership structure of these investments.
Kozo Kiyota, 27 November 2014
A major concern with multinationals is that they can cause disemployment (also called job offshoring). However, FDI could offset or even exceed such a negative effect. This column examines to what extent disemployment in Japan is related to FDI. The results suggest that disemployment in Japan is driven by substitution between capital and labour, rather than the reallocation of labour caused by FDI.
Hiau Looi Kee, 21 November 2014
The conventional thinking about foreign direct investment is that it may create jobs but also take away market opportunities from domestic firms. This column suggests another spillover to consider. If foreign firms require higher quality inputs, domestic firms who share suppliers with foreign firms gain access to better local inputs. It then argues that this spillover effect can explain a third of the productivity gains within Bangladeshi firms during 1999-2003.
Heiwai Tang, Wenjie Chen, 22 September 2014
Using a new, unique, and comprehensive data set that covers close to 19,000 Chinese ODI deals from 1998 to 2011, we find that in contrast to the common perception, over half of the ODI deals are in service sectors, with many of them appearing to be related to export promotion. Ex ante larger, more productive, and more export-intensive firms are more likely to start investing abroad. Ex post, ODI appears to enhance firm performance (i.e., total factor productivity, employment, export intensity, and product innovation). Empirical analysis based on firms' trade transaction data shows a significantly positive effect of ODI on firms' trade performance, but little technology transfer.


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States' Experiences Confirming Harmful Effects of Medicaid Work Requirements
October 22, 2019
Arkansas' and New Hampshire's Medicaid waivers provide direct evidence of what happens when states take away Medicaid coverage for not meeting work requirements. Unfortunately, the data corroborate the most pessimistic projections.
- In Arkansas, more than 18,000 people — nearly 1 in 4 of those subject to work requirements — lost coverage over the course of just seven months. In New Hampshire, almost 17,000 people, or about 40 percent of those who would have been subject to work requirements, would have lost coverage had state policymakers not put the policy on hold.
- In both states, evidence suggests that people who were working and people with serious health needs who should have been eligible for exemptions lost coverage due to red tape. Large numbers of beneficiaries in both states reported that they didn't know about the work requirement or whether it applied to them.
- Arkansas' work requirement increased uninsured rates without increasing employment, a study by Harvard researchers found. Consistent with that study, data show that only a small minority of those who lost coverage in Arkansas found jobs, and most of them would likely have found jobs with or without the work requirement policy.
The Arkansas and New Hampshire Work Requirement Policies
In January 2018 the Trump Administration began approving state work requirements in Medicaid, which the federal government had never previously permitted. Between June 2018 and March 2019, Arkansas required some Medicaid expansion enrollees to document that they worked or engaged in work-related activities (e.g., job training or volunteer work) for at least 80 hours per month, unless they reported that they qualified for limited exemptions. In June 2019, New Hampshire began implementing its own work requirement, requiring all expansion enrollees to work or engage in work-related activities for 100 hours each month or obtain an exemption.
In March 2019, a federal district court vacated the Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) approval of Arkansas' waiver (and a similar waiver in Kentucky, which had not yet been implemented), thereby preventing Arkansas from continuing to implement work requirements. New Hampshire voluntarily suspended its work requirement in July 2019 and, a few weeks later, the same federal district court vacated HHS' approval of its waiver. The Trump Administration is appealing these decisions and has continued to approve similar waivers in other states.
Arkansas is the only state to have taken coverage away from people for not meeting work requirements, but New Hampshire did not pause its requirement until it was on the brink of doing so. Thus, both states' experiences provide important information about who loses coverage and why as a result of these policies.[1]
Before any state implemented a work requirement, we and others predicted that these policies would lead to large coverage losses — including among beneficiaries who are eligible but get tripped up by red tape — and would not meaningfully increase employment.[2] Since work requirements in Medicaid were unprecedented, we based our predictions on evidence from other types of eligibility restrictions and from work requirements in other federal programs. Here's how those predictions stack up against the data from Arkansas and New Hampshire.
Data Show Work Requirements Lead to Large Coverage Losses
In Arkansas, over 18,000 beneficiaries, or about a quarter of those subject to the work requirement, lost coverage over the first seven months of implementation.[3] In New Hampshire, almost 17,000 beneficiaries, or about 40 percent of those subject to the work requirement, were set to lose Medicaid before the state suspended the requirement.[4] These coverage losses are even higher than the 6 to 17 percent coverage loss that Kaiser Family Foundation researchers forecasted could result from implementing work requirements nationwide and the 15 percent coverage loss that Kentucky projected would ultimately result from its waiver.[5]
If Arkansas had continued implementing its policy, the coverage losses would likely have grown. When the court halted the state's waiver, Arkansas was in the process of extending the policy to beneficiaries aged 19-29 and those with incomes between 100 and 138 percent of the poverty line. In 2018, the policy applied only to beneficiaries aged 30-49 and to those below the poverty line.
Arkansas Uninsured Rate Rose Sharply Among Those Subject to Policy
A study by Harvard researchers finds that the uninsured rate among low-income Arkansans aged 30-49 rose from 10.5 percent in 2016 to 14.5 percent in 2018, after the work requirement took effect. There was no similar increase for low-income Arkansans of other ages or for low-income people aged 30-49 in other, similar states.[6] This finding refutes claims, for example from HHS Secretary Alex Azar, that most people leaving Medicaid due to the policy did so because they found jobs with health insurance.[7]
Focus groups with Arkansas beneficiaries have also found that people losing Medicaid lost health coverage — and with it, access to needed health care. Among focus groups of participants who lost Medicaid, the majority did not learn that their coverage had been terminated until they sought care or tried to fill a prescription. "I went to pick up my prescription and they said I couldn't get it," one beneficiary recounted. "It was a big shock. At first, I was upset and then I was worried because I need my medicine. I shouldn't find out the day I need my medicine." Another said, "I have to have my medication because I am epileptic, and I take three different seizure medicines. If I don't take it, I can't work. . . . I had to be stable and if I was not stable I was going to lose my job."[8]
Number Losing Coverage Exceeded Policy's Supposed Target Population: Beneficiaries Not Working or Eligible for Exemptions
Around 3 or 4 percent of those subject to the Arkansas work requirement were not working and did not qualify for exemptions, studies estimate.[9] Yet each month, 8 to 29 percent of those subject to the requirement failed to report sufficient work hours, many of them not reporting any hours. And over 75 percent of those required to report hours (that is, those not automatically exempted by the state) failed to do so each month.[10] Likewise, a study estimates that all but a small minority of Medicaid expansion beneficiaries in New Hampshire are either working or ill or disabled (and therefore should qualify for exemptions), yet 40 percent of those subject to the work requirement were set to lose coverage had the state not put the policy on hold.[11]
News accounts corroborate that eligible beneficiaries in Arkansas lost coverage and were at risk of losing coverage in New Hampshire. For example, one working Arkansas beneficiary with a chronic condition explained that he lost Medicaid and then could not afford medications, which in turn caused him to lose his job due to his deteriorating health. Another reported rationing her medication after failing to navigate the reporting requirement and losing coverage, despite working 25 to 35 hours each week — which equates to well over the state's monthly minimum requirement. [12] And a New Hampshire woman described her struggle to obtain a "medical frailty" exemption, which failed because her primary care doctor and neurosurgeon each insisted that the other should fill out the necessary paperwork.[13]
Beneficiaries Faced Many Challenges Complying
Evidence from Arkansas and New Hampshire confirms earlier research on work requirements showing that red tape and paperwork requirements create serious hurdles for eligible beneficiaries, which then causes enrollment to decline.[14] Examples include:
Complex and confusing rules. Nearly half the population subject to Arkansas' work requirement reported that they were unsure whether it applied to them, while another third said they had heard nothing about it, the Harvard researchers' study found.[15] In New Hampshire, many beneficiaries reportedly didn't know about the work requirement or received confusing and often contradictory notices about whether they were subject to it.[16]
Some Arkansas beneficiaries apparently believed, incorrectly, they could maintain their coverage by reporting work hours just once, rather than every month. Also, some beneficiaries reported over 80 hours of job search each month, twice the number they are allowed to count toward the work requirement; they likely thought they were complying as they diligently looked for work and reported their hours but were not actually complying with the rigid policy.
Insufficient and ineffective outreach. Arkansas conducted much of its outreach through social media and online videos, which failed to reach much of the population without access to computers or the Internet. The state (along with health plans, providers, and advocates) also conducted other outreach efforts to educate beneficiaries about the new work requirement, but these efforts failed to reach many enrollees, often due to inaccurate phone numbers in case files.[17]
New Hampshire attempted a more comprehensive outreach effort, undertaking multiple activities such as mail notifications, town halls, phone calls, and text messages, at significant expense. But officials acknowledged that "these considerable efforts" were ineffective.[18] For example, on only 500 out of the state's 50,000 phone calls did a state official discuss the work requirement with the person who would be affected by it, and the state's 2,011 home visits reached only 270 people who would be affected. These unsuccessful efforts cost the state $187,000.[19]
Complex reporting systems. Many rightly criticized Arkansas' decision to initially restrict reporting to an online portal. More than 20 percent of Arkansas beneficiaries lack Internet access and another 20 percent have no broadband access.[20] In addition, Arkansas' web portal was unavailable after 9 p.m. and before 7 a.m. each day, was not mobile friendly, was not accessible for those with certain disabilities, and required a complex login procedure. Participants in an Urban Institute-run focus group said that setting up an account proved extremely difficult.[21]
While Arkansas later added a phone reporting option, that did not eliminate the hurdles for eligible beneficiaries.[22] Some, for example, reported waiting on hold for 45 minutes to an hour, after which they were sometimes hung up on.[23]
New Hampshire beneficiaries also experienced online reporting problems. Just days before the reporting deadline, the state's online system experienced a glitch that created problems for people trying to report their work hours.[24]
- Lack of staff support. Neither state hired additional staff to answer questions, and, at least in Arkansas, there were no accommodations for individuals with disabilities. Arkansas Human Services Director Cindy Gillespie justified the lack of additional staff by saying, "If you implement [work requirements] in the old-fashioned way of 'Come into our county office,' we would have to hire so many people — and that just doesn't make sense."[25] But Arkansas' failure to invest in staff and other resources to support enrollees who should be exempt or need help complying with the requirements created a bureaucratic maze that caused many eligible enrollees to lose coverage.
Work Requirements Endanger People With Disabilities
When the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), in announcing the Administration's support for Medicaid work requirements, notified states that the policies must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act, we and others warned that protecting people with disabilities would prove impossible.[26] Indeed, Arkansas didn't adequately explain beneficiaries' rights under the Act, and it lacked a comprehensive system for providing reasonable modifications to protect people with disabilities, such as modifying the hourly requirement or providing support to help people meet the reporting requirement.[27] Due to the lack of protections and the design of the work requirement itself, individuals with disabilities lost coverage and may face serious harm as a result. In fact, "people with disabilities were particularly vulnerable to losing coverage under the Arkansas work and reporting requirements, despite remaining eligible," a Kaiser Family Foundation study concluded.[28]
Data Don't Show Employment Gains Due to Work Requirements
Nearly all of the beneficiaries who met Arkansas' requirement by working were automatically deemed compliant because they were already working before the rules took effect or because they complied with work requirements already in place under SNAP (formerly food stamps). Only the group that had to report hours each month faced any new work incentive due to the policy. And of that group, only a few hundred each month met the requirement by reporting sufficient work hours, the state reports.[29] Moreover, these data don't establish that any of those individuals found a job because of the work requirement. Low-income people move in and out of jobs frequently under any circumstances, and the state offered no evidence that more beneficiaries found jobs under the work requirement than in prior years.
Arkansas released data in March 2019 showing that of the 18,164 beneficiaries losing coverage in 2018 for not complying with the work requirement, just 1,981 had matches in the state's New Hire Database, indicating they found new work. There is no evidence that any of the roughly 16,000 others losing coverage found new work. In addition, these data almost certainly overstate the number of those losing Medicaid who found steady employment, because of limitations of the database. For example, the New Hire Database includes individuals who were employed for only hours or days — it doesn't show whether the new jobs are full or part time or if they're seasonal or permanent, or if the new employee was previously unemployed or just changed jobs.[30]
Meanwhile, the Harvard researchers' study cited above found no significant increases in employment, number of hours worked, or overall rates of community engagement activities (such as volunteering) among those subject to Arkansas' work requirement.[31]
These data are consistent with focus group interviews showing that the Arkansas work requirement didn't change most beneficiaries' behavior. Beneficiaries already had enough reasons to work: they needed to pay their bills. But they often struggle with unstable work hours, live in rural areas with few jobs, or face other barriers to employment — and the state didn't invest any new money in job training programs, services to address barriers, or supports like transportation to help beneficiaries connect to jobs.[32] The Arkansas data are also consistent with evidence that work requirements in other federal programs have had limited effects on employment.[33]
Few Beneficiaries in Arkansas Who Lost Coverage Re-Enrolled This Year
Individuals in Arkansas who lost coverage last year could have re-enrolled effective January 1, but only about 4,300 of the more than 18,000 who lost coverage had done so as of mid-May, according to the state.[34] Most losing coverage (many of whom didn't even know they were subject to the work requirement) are likely unaware that they are again eligible or may struggle to navigate the application and verification process. Or, fearing another loss of coverage for non-compliance with the requirement, some residents may be waiting to enroll until they need coverage more.
Arkansas' and New Hampshire's experiences should serve as a warning to other states about the human toll of taking coverage away from people who can't meet rigid work requirements. No matter how they're implemented, work requirements have harmful and unintended consequences — most notably, taking coverage away from people who are already working or should be exempt. These fundamentally flawed policies can't be fixed.[35]
End Notes
[1] Indiana is the only other state to have begun implementing work requirements, but it is not scheduled to take coverage away from those failing to meet them until January 1, 2020. Kentucky's waiver was blocked by a court prior to implementation, and other states with approved waivers are not planning to implement them until January 2020 or later.
[2] Jennifer Wagner and Judith Solomon, "States' Complex Medicaid Waivers Will Create Costly Bureaucracy and Harm Eligible Beneficiaries," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, May 23, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/states-complex-medicaid-waivers-will-create-costly-bureaucracy-and-harm-eligible; Hannah Katch, Jennifer Wagner, and Aviva Aron-Dine, "Taking Medicaid Coverage Away From People Not Meeting Work Requirements Will Reduce Low-Income Families' Access to Care and Worsen Health Outcomes," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, updated August 13, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/taking-medicaid-coverage-away-from-people-not-meeting-work-requirements-will-reduce.
[3] For data availability reasons, we calculate the coverage loss percentage as the total cases terminated as of January 1, 2019 (18,164) as a share of the cases subject to the work requirement in September (after all four groups were phased in) plus the number of cases terminated effective September 1. This calculation approximates the reduction in January enrollment, compared to a counterfactual in which the work requirement had not been implemented. (Both the numerator and denominator likely include some people who would have left the program by January even absent the work requirement.) Arkansas Department of Human Services, "Arkansas Works Program: December 2018," January 15, 2019, https://humanservices.arkansas.gov/images/uploads/011519_AWReport.pdf.
[4] New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, "DHHS Community Engagement Report: June 2019," July 8, 2019, https://www.dhhs.nh.gov/medicaid/granite/documents/ga-ce-report-062019.pdf.
[5] Kentucky HEALTH §1115 Demonstration Modification Request, Commonwealth of Kentucky, July 3, 2017, https://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-Topics/Waivers/1115/downloads/ky/ky-health-pa2.pdf; Rachel Garfield, Robin Rudowitz, and MaryBeth Musumeci, "Implications of a Medicaid Work Requirement: National Estimates of Potential Coverage Losses," Kaiser Family Foundation, June 27, 2018, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/implications-of-a-medicaid-work-requirement-national-estimates-of-potential-coverage-losses/.
[6] The other states included in the study are Kentucky, Louisiana, and Texas. Benjamin Sommers et al., "Medicaid Work Requirements — Results from the First Year in Arkansas," New England Journal of Medicine, June 2019, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsr1901772.
[7] Dan Diamond, "Alex Azar's confusing claim on Medicaid work requirements," Politico, March 15, 2019, https://www.politico.com/newsletters/politico-pulse/2019/03/15/alex-azars-confusing-claim-on-medicaid-work-requirements-546844.
[8] Ian Hill and Emily Burroughs, "Lessons from Launching Medicaid Work Requirements in Arkansas," Urban Institute, October 2019, https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/101113/lessons_from_launching_medicaid_work_requirements_in_arkansas.pdf.
[9] Anuj Gangopadhyaya et al., "Medicaid Work Requirements in Arkansas," Urban Institute, May 24, 2018, https://www.urban.org/research/publication/medicaid-work-requirements-arkansas; see also Sommers, op cit.
[10] Arkansas Department of Human Services, "ARWorks Reports," https://humanservices.arkansas.gov/newsroom/toolkits.
[11] Rachel Garfield et al., "Understanding the Intersection of Medicaid and Work :What Does the Data Say?" Kaiser Family Foundation, August 8, 2019, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/understanding-the-intersection-of-medicaid-and-work-what-does-the-data-say/.
[12] "With new work requirement, thousands lose Medicaid coverage in Arkansas," PBS NewsHour, November 19, 2018, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/with-new-work-requirement-thousands-lose-medicaid-coverage-in-arkansas; Benjamin Hardy, "Locked out of Medicaid — Arkansas's work requirement strips insurance from thousands of working people," Arkansas Times, November 19, 2018, https://www.arktimes.com/arkansas/when-arkansas-works-doesnt/Content?oid=25890378.
[13] Caitlin Andrews and Nathan DeWitt, "For 'medically frail,' judge's decision on Medicaid expansion work requirement comes as a relief," Concord Monitor, August 3, 2019, https://www.concordmonitor.com/Penacook-NH-medical-frailty-exemption-difficulties-26880774.
[14] Margo Sanger-Katz, "Hate Paperwork? Medicaid Recipients Will Be Drowning in It," New York Times, January 18, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/upshot/medicaid-enrollment-obstacles-kentucky-work-requirement.html.
[15] Sommers, op cit.
[16] Dave Solomon, "Spreading the word on Medicaid work requirement proves challenging," Union Leader, June 16, 2019, https://www.unionleader.com/news/health/spreading-the-word-on-medicaid-work-requirement-proves-challenging/article_740b99e7-9f48-52d4-b2d8-030167e66af8.html; Jason Moon, "Confusing Letters, Frustrated Members: N.H.'s Medicaid Work Requirement Takes Effect," New Hampshire Public Radio, June 18, 2019, https://www.nhpr.org/post/confusing-letters-frustrated-members-nhs-medicaid-work-requirement-takes-effect#stream/0.
[17] MaryBeth Musumeci, Robin Rudowitz, and Cornelia Hall, "An Early Look at Implementation of Medicaid Work Requirements in Arkansas," Kaiser Family Foundation, October 2018, http://files.kff.org/attachment/Issue-Brief-An-Early-Look-at-Implementation-of-Medicaid-Work-Requirements-in-Arkansas.
[18] New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, "Letter to Governor Sununu, President Soucy, and Speaker Shurtleff," July 8, 2019, https://www.dhhs.nh.gov/medicaid/granite/documents/ga-ce-findings.pdf.
[19] Ethan DeWitt, "Now-disbanded Medicaid work requirement costs New Hampshire $187,000," Concord Monitor, September 23, 2019, https://www.concordmonitor.com/Now-disbanded-Medicaid-work-requirement-cost-New-Hampshire-$187-000-28745556.
[20] Anuj Gangopadhyaya et al., "Under Medicaid work requirements, limited internet access in Arkansas may put coverage at risk," Urban Institute, October 29, 2018, https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/under-medicaid-work-requirements-limited-internet-access-arkansas-may-put-coverage-risk. Data are for non-elderly, non-disabled Medicaid recipients aged 19-49, the population subject to the work requirement.
[21] Hill and Burroughs, op cit.
[22] Arkansas Department of Human Services, "DHS Expanding Phone Reporting, Outreach for Arkansas Works Enrollees," December 12, 2018, https://t.e2ma.net/message/rur8vc/fhtrhs.
[23] Hill and Burroughs, op cit.
[24] Jason Moon, "As Deadline Looms, Some Struggle to Submit Work Hours Online for New Medicaid Requirement," New Hampshire Public Radio, July 3, 2019, https://www.nhpr.org/post/deadline-looms-some-struggle-submit-work-hours-online-new-medicaid-requirement#stream/0.
[25] Benjamin Hardy, "Medicaid advocate criticizes Arkansas Works' email-only reporting for work requirements," Arkansas Times, April 28, 2018, https://www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2018/04/28/medicaid-advocate-criticizes-arkansas-works-email-only-reporting-for-work-requirements.
[26] "Taking Away Medicaid for Not Meeting Work Requirements Harms People with Disabilities," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, updated December 10, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/1-26-18health.pdf.
[27] Anna Bailey and Judith Solomon, "Medicaid Work Requirements Don't Protect People With Disabilities," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, November 14, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/medicaid-work-requirements-dont-protect-people-with-disabilities.
[28] MaryBeth Musumeci, "Disability and Technical Issues Were Key Barriers to Meeting Arkansas' Medicaid Work and Reporting Requirements in 2018," Kaiser Family Foundation, June 11, 2019, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/disability-and-technical-issues-were-key-barriers-to-meeting-arkansas-medicaid-work-and-reporting-requirements-in-2018/.
[29] Arkansas Department of Human Services, ARWorks Reports, op cit.
[30] Jennifer Wagner, "New Arkansas Data Contradict Claims That Most Who Lost Medicaid Found Jobs," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, March 19, 2019, https://www.cbpp.org/blog/new-arkansas-data-contradict-claims-that-most-who-lost-medicaid-found-jobs.
[31] Sommers, op cit.
[32] MaryBeth Musumeci, Robin Rudowitz, and Barbara Lyons, "Medicaid Work Requirements in Arkansas: Experience and Perspectives of Enrollees," Kaiser Family Foundation, December 18, 2018, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-work-requirements-in-arkansas-experience-and-perspectives-of-enrollees/.
[33] LaDonna Pavetti, "TANF Studies Show Work Requirement Proposals for Other Programs Would Harm Millions, Do Little to Increase Work," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, November 13, 2018, https://www.cbpp.org/research/family-income-support/tanf-studies-show-work-requirement-proposals-for-other-programs-would.
[34] Harris Meyer, "More Arkansans uninsured, unemployed post-Medicaid work requirement," Modern Healthcare, June 19, 2019, https://www.modernhealthcare.com/medicaid/more-arkansans-uninsured-unemployed-post-medicaid-work-requirement.
[35] Judith Solomon, "Medicaid Work Requirements Can't Be Fixed," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, January 10, 2019, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/medicaid-work-requirements-cant-be-fixed.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Brown Leaves on Gardenias
Fragrant and showy, gardenias are a common choice for both landscapes and gardens. Still, like most plants, these flowers are susceptible to damage from environmental and even microbiological threats. Brown leaves or brown spots on a leaf are a clear indicator that something is causing your gardenias serious distress.
Lack of Water
Water from the soil is not just the primary source of moisture for a gardenia but also the primary source of nutrients, picking up important vitamins and minerals from the surrounding soil and conveying them through the pores of the root system. While gardenias are tolerant of short dry periods, longer periods of drought can cause leaves and petals to brown from dehydration. If the soil gardenias are planted in is dry to the touch, water immediately to restore the plant's vitality.
Although gardenias can thrive in a Mediterranean climate, they prefer high humidity and can suffer if the air is dry for long periods of time. Increase the local humidity around the plant by misting the above-ground parts of the flower with a water spray bottle.
Balanced Diet
Even a well-watered plant can wilt or brown if it does not get the right amount of nutrients. Gardenias require slightly acidic soil with a balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, along with several micronutrients including calcium, magnesium and, in particular, iron. Feed gardenias in early spring during the growing season. Do not overfeed gardenias; too much nitrogen or potassium can burn roots and too much fertilizer can invite soil-borne infections.
Diseases and Pests
Slightly acidic soil fends off many soil-borne illnesses, but several microbial threats can infect the green parts of the gardenia. Powdery mildew, leafspot and sooty mold are only a few infections that can deprive a gardenia of energy and cause leaves to brown and wilt. Also, aphids, scales and spider mites can attack gardenia leaves, cutting them off from the nourishing stem. Spraying your gardenia with an antifungal agent such as horticultural oil with baking soda and insecticidal soap can reduce the risk of infection or infestation.
Gardenias are a temperature-sensitive plant that can suffer in long periods of excessive cold or heat. Sustained temperatures below 60 degrees Fahrenheit or above 80 degrees Fahrenheit can cause leaves to brown from stress.
Photo Credits
- Medioimages/Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images


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See the Most Interesting Man in the World's Greatest Hits
When he was not appearing in Ad Age, the Most Interesting Man in the World, played by Jonathan Goldsmith, starred in some of the most memorable -- and copied -- ads of the last 10 years. As the Dos Equis campaign enters a new phase with another actor replacing Mr. Goldsmith, we take one last look at some of the ads that had drinkers everywhere repeating his famous catchphrase, "Stay thirsty, my friends."
And for a behind-the-scenes look at what went into creating the ads, hear from the original team that created the campaign.
Here is the very first ad, which was first shown at a beer distributors meeting in 2006 and then ran regionally in 2007:
See that bear in the ad? It got loose on the ad shoot:
There was the time he swam with snow monkeys.
….which looked a lot like this GE ad.
The campaign also did well on radio. Here is the first audio spot:
There were interesting outdoor ads, too, like this mural that was erected in Las Vegas and offered an "interesting time" for people dialing the number.
For scenes set in the '60s or '70s, a younger actor, Claudio Marangone, replaced Mr. Goldsmith. That is him at left, during a 2012 shoot for a scene meant to depict 1970s-era Spain in which he runs not with the bulls but against them.
There was sword fighting …
… and a live pommel horse
...and handball
People finally got a chance to mingle with the Man himself and the characters of his colorful world (even a leopard) in a Virtual Reality experience tied to the brand's Mardi Gras Masquerade event.
He ambushed the Olympics in 2014 with this ad that represented the first time actors delivered the punchlines, rather than a voiceover.
He regularly campaigned for "Dos de Mayo."
And he was often parodied, copied and mimicked, including by this Chicago rib joint.
… until he was sent on a one-way trip to Mars last week.
Contributing: Ann-Christine Diaz


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Membership Progress
Print, fill out, and send in with your child. Please place the form and payment in an envelope with PTA on the outside.
Notice to all volunteers: According to PA state law, all people working directly with children must have three clearances. See the school website for more information (http://www.homercenter.org/employment). Please note...this is not PTA policy and the PTA is not collecting these clearances. Please provide them to the office. You WILL NOT be permitted to volunteer in the school without current clearances on file. This is a safety measure put in place to ensure that all our children are protected.


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1. What is the status of Jerusalem under international law?
Following the 1948 war and the establishment of the state of Israel, the U.N. General Assembly's Resolution 194 called for the demilitarization and internationalization of Jerusalem. In this period, West Jerusalem came under the de facto control of the new Israeli state while Jordan retained control over East Jerusalem. In June 1967, Israel annexed East Jerusalem into its territory, in contravention of principles of international humanitarian law and international law. Today, East Jerusalem remains occupied territory under international law. Any measures aimed at altering the status of the city have no validity based on U.N. Security Council Resolution 252.
2. Who lives in Jerusalem?
The total population in Jerusalem was 882,652 in 2016, according to Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics. Israeli Jews made up 60 percent of the city's population with Palestinians forming a substantial minority, at 38 percent of the population.
Although East Jerusalem is Occupied Palestinian Territory, approximately 212,000 Israeli settlers now live in Jewish-only settlements in East Jerusalem which are considered illegal under international law.
The majority of Palestinian in Jerusalem hold permanent resident status, a tenuous and revocable status. Between 1967 and 2017, Israel revoked the Jerusalem permanent residency status of more than 14,500 Palestinians, the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported.
Also within the bounds of Jerusalem are Shu'fat refugee camp and part of Qalandia refugee camp, established in 1965 and 1949 respectively. The U.N. Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA)reported that 12,000 registered Palestine refugees live in Shu'fat. Another 12,500 registered Palestine refugees who live in Qalandia refugee camp are now cut off from Jerusalem by the separation barrier.
3. What is the separation barrier?
Israel began constructing the separation barrier in 2002 during a period of hightened tensions, citing security, not a political border, as the main goal of the barrier. The separation barrier's projected length is over 712 kilometers (442 miles) and does not follow the Green Line, with approximately 85 percent of its route in the West Bank. In its advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) considered Israel's separation barrier a violation of Israel's obligations under international law. ICJ also stated that Israel must cease construction of the barrier and compensate those who suffered property losses as a result.
Composed of concrete walls, electronic fences, ditches and other barriers, the separation barrier cuts Palestinians off from the city. Palestinians living in the Jerusalem municipal borders but beyond the separation barrier also suffer significant service gaps.
4. Are there Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem?
According to a 2017 report by OCHA, there are approximately 212,000 Israeli settlers residing in East Jerusalem and 35 percent of East Jerusalem has been expropriated and allocated for settlements. A further 180 Palestinian households are at risk of eviction and displacement, according to the same report. The establishment of settlements and the transfer of the Occupying Power's civilian population into the territory it occupies is prohibited by international humanitarian law.
5. Do Palestinians residing in East Jerusalem receive municipal services?
While Palestinian and Jewish residents of Jerusalem are taxed comparably by the Jerusalem Municipality, Palestinian neighborhoods do not receive the same quality and distribution of municipal services. A European Parliament policy briefing found that in 2012, 36 percent of the municipality's total fiscal revenues derived from Palestinians living in East Jerusalem, but only 10 percent of the annual budget went to this population. For Palestinian neighborhoods that are in the Jerusalem governorate but now fall outside the separation barrier, the quality and quantity of municipal services is especially low.
6. What are Israel's housing policies in East Jerusalem?
Israel uses discriminatory planning and zoning laws to limit Palestinian urban growth and development in East Jerusalem. Only 13 percent of land in East Jerusalem, approximately nine square kilometers, is zoned for Palestinian construction, OCHA reported. About half of the land is allocated for green space, public infrastructure or is unplanned. The remaining 35 percent has been allocated for Israeli settlements, which are illegal under international law.
Even in areas zoned for Palestinian construction, Palestinians must first obtain an Israeli-issued permit to build or add onto structures. Discriminatory city planning combined with obstacles to acquiring these permits have led to many Palestinians building without permits. OCHA estimates that approximately 33 percent Palestinian homes in East Jerusalem lack building permits. Israel often enforces these laws by demolishing unpermitted homes, resulting in current risk of displacement to over 100,000 Palestinian Jerusalem residents.
7. What is the rights situation of Palestinian children from in East Jerusalem during Israeli detention?
Since Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem in 1967, Palestinians from East Jerusalem are subject to Israeli civilian law, unlike Palestinians in the rest of the West Bank, who are subject to Israeli military law.
For minors, the Israeli Youth Law theoretically applies equally to Palestinian and Israeli children in Jerusalem. The Israeli Youth Law provides special safeguards and protections to children in conflict with the law, including: the use of arrest as a last resort, advance notice before questioning takes place, minimal use of restraints, and the presence of a legal guardian or adult family member during questioning.
However in practice, Israeli authorities implement the law in a discriminatory manner, often by the overuse of exception clauses, denying Palestinian children in East Jerusalem the full range or protections offered by law.
8. Are Palestinian children accessing their right to education in East Jerusalem?
Palestinian students in East Jerusalem suffer from overcrowding, poor facilities, and classroom shortages, impacting their ability to properly access their right to an education. In 2017, OCHA reported a "chronic" shortage of classrooms, with an immediate need for the creation of 2,600 new classrooms and improvements needed to many others.
Just over 40 percent of school-aged Palestinian children attended public schools that were registered and fully funded by the Jerusalem Municipality in 2017, the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) reported. The rest attended partially funded or private schools due to the Municipality's failure to resolve longstanding classroom and staffing shortages.
Despite this large shortages, in 2017, Israeli rights group Ir Amin found that the Jerusalem Municipality allocated only 16 percent of funding intended for classroom construction to East Jerusalem schools, despite East Jerusalem holding 55 percent of the city's missing classrooms.
While most Palestinian schools in East Jerusalem follow a Palestinian curriculum, Israel began offering financial incentives to schools that adopt the Israeli curriculum in 2016. These funds go to extra instructional minutes, arts and music classes, counselling and teacher training, local media reported. In 2017, Israel's cabinet approved a five year plan to expand the number of schools using Israel's elementary and high school curriculum. The plan drew criticism from Palestinian parents and teachers, who viewed it as a form of censoring Palestinian history and believed it would harm the development of children's cultural identity.
9. Are Palestinians allowed to take part in civic and cultural activities in Jerusalem?
The majority of Palestinians in East Jerusalem have permanent resident status, not Israeli citizenship, the same status granted to foreign nationals seeking long-term residence in Jerusalem. As permanent residents, Palestinians cannot vote or run in Israeli national elections but they can cast ballots in municipal elections. Palestinian Jerusalemites have boycotted municipal elections, however, with less than 1 percent voting in the 2013 municipal elections.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Israel is a state party, protects the right of free expression. However, rights groups have heighlighted many instances where Israeli authorities shut down Palestinian cultural performances and other forms of public expression.
10. Are Palestinians able to practice their right to worship in holy sites in Jerusalem?
Israel has barred some 4.5 million Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territory from entering Jerusalem unless they have an Israeli permit. These permits are difficult to obtain, with changing rules and conditions, which at times preclude broad segments of the population from permit eligibility based on age or gender. As a result, Palestinian Muslims and Christians outside of the separation barrier have severely limited access to religious sites in Jerusalem.
Within and beyond the Old City's walls are sites sacred to all three major monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Even when Palestinians are granted a permit to reach Jerusalem, conditions at checkpoints can create further barriers to vulnerable travelers, such as children, elderly, and individuals with disabilities.
The U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has expressed concerns over Israeli actions to limit Palestinian access to Jerusalem and Israeli excavations around the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound in the Old City.


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Riverside utility may sell more excess water
Riverside Public Utilities may sell more of the city's unused water to Western Municipal Water District, under an agreement that will be discussed at a Monday, Aug. 22, meeting of the Riverside utilities board.
Riverside customers cut back water use during the drought, and the city has "use it or lose it" rights to pump a set amount of water each year from the Bunker Hill basin, so officials want to sell the excess water to Western for an estimated $3.5 million.
The utilities board and City Council approved a similar agreement in late 2015 and want to sell more water this year. Western officials say it's cheaper than imported water, so it saves their customers money.
The Riverside Public Utilities Board meets at 6:30 p.m. at 3900 Main St., Riverside.


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"Over the past ten years, a significant body of work has explored a complex terrain triangulated by the terms sexuality, meaning, and language. In literature, the visual arts, criticism, and ideological analysis, attention has focused on sexuality as a cultural construction, opposing a perspective based on a natural or biological 'truth.' This exhibition charts this territory in the visual arts. It presents work by its main participants. And it explores some of the radical implications of this approach. Its thesis - the continuous production of sexual difference - offers possibilities for change, for it suggests that this need not entail reproduction, but rather revision of our conventional categories of opposition."
-Kate Linker, exhibition catalogue
Traveled to Renaissance Society at the University of Chicago; Institute of Contemporary Art, London


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Thanks again Eric and team. You got me home after my flight was cancelled. Hope you are all safe and well and that I can book with you again after all this madness is over!
Big thanks to Roy and Elliot who are real superstars and gave excellent customer service. I remembered that I flew a few years ago and booked with DialAFlight and that the service was good - and lo and behold I got the same guys/team again. Please pass on my thanks to them for changes that were made to my flight- I just about made it out in the nick of time before they closed all the airports!
Your service is fantastic and I have recommended you to many friends. Quick, efficient and friendly. I don't know why anyone trawls the internet themselves when you do such a better job of it.
Philippa couldn't have done more to get us back from New York. Our flight was cancelled and she advised us it was better to get home as soon as possible as flights were being cancelled. She rearranged our flights very quickly and was reassuring. Couldn't fault what she did for us.
Great prices, excellent support, great App for the mobile and professional back up from Roy
I can't imagine how busy the DialAFlight team is with all the disruption that COVID-19 is causing. My flight was cancelled. Tommy was on the case immediately and rearranged travel for the same day - an outstanding achievement in extreme circumstances.
The service we received was exceptional Many thanks especially to Ben
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Laura excelled in the way she arranged for an early flight home to avoid us being trapped in NYC, due to coronavirus restrictions
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I've fallen head over heels in love with New York thanks to the care and attention taken by Marshall who has arranged a few holidays for me over the last three years.
Perfect trip booked quickly and efficiently by Rupert. Seats were perfect for view on way in and out of NYC. Great leg room and service on United Airlines. Hotel was central and met all our needs.
A short walk from Times Square and the Empire State Building, the Moxy is in a 110-year-old building that has been totally remodelled. It feels like you're entering a nightclub rather than a hotel, and the style is somehow both rustic and chic. There's a dramatic chandelier in the lobby and a metal and glass staircase. It boasts a rooftop lounge, trendy bar and destination restaurant. Rooms have layouts from bunk-style to sleep four, to kings and queens.
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Valid from 01/03/2021 until 23/03/2021
Combine two of the US and Canada's greatest cities in one sensational trip as you see New York and Toronto in 5* style. Begin in the Big Apple at The Beekman and find yourself in the heart of Lower Manhattan, perfectly placed to explore the famous sights of the city that never sleeps. Then it's onto the Fairmont Royal York, where you'll again be in the city centre, minutes from the famous CN Tower and in the perfect spot to see this vibrant city.
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Valid from 11/04/2021 until 30/04/2021
This is a French brand with an unmistakeable Parisian swagger - it drips glitz and glamour. It's opposite the Museum of Modern Art in Midtown and not far from Radio City Music Hall and Fifth Avenue, and ten minutes from Times Square. The atmosphere and decor is dramatic, with crystal and velvet everywhere, as well as an impressive collection of objets d'art. This is opulence personified, and rooms are sumptuous with lots of white marble. You feel pampered here.
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Towering over New York's East Village in a 17-storey, factory-warehouse style building, The Bowery oozes measured old-style clubiness - the lobby-lounge has antlers mounted on the wall, as well as tapestries. Wood-panelled walls and an open fire create a warm and elegant ambience. Guest rooms are flooded with light and most have fabulous views across the city. The location is sublime, perfect for exploring Manhattan and the hotel is surrounded by stylish bars and restaurants.
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For a stylish experience of New York City, choose the Hotel Indigo Lower East Side with its sharply designed accommodation and glorious skyline views. Stay like a local in one of Manhattan's finest neighbourhoods and be surrounded by an eclectic culture, nightlife glame and of course the main attractions of this famous city.
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Whisk the family away on a twin centre treat that hits you with both barrels - city and skiing. Begin in Midtown and explore the sights of the Big Apple with ample opportunity to get a taste of the city that never sleeps. Then it's time for something completely different as you head to Lake Placid. Just five hours from the city, here is where you'll find a true winter wonderland where you can ski, snowboard or even take an ice toboggan under the watchful gaze of Whiteface Mountain.
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Two amazing cities and one of the natural wonders of the world are combined in this exciting package. You will have plenty of time to discover Toronto's urban diversity on a comprehensive city tour, travel the wine growing region of the Niagara Peninsula and then explore both the American and Horseshoe Falls from above and below. There is something for everyone on this exciting tour in Eastern Canada twinned with a 3 night stay in New York.
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Take in the highlights of the USA's east coast on this sensational Eastern Charms self-drive tour. Starting in the lively Big Apple you'll have plenty of time for taking in the sights and exploring the shops before moving on to Niagara falls, Washington, DC and Philadelphia. We include 8 nights accommodation, car hire and flights.
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Get the quintessential experience of America's east with this 4* double-stay that will enamour you with this part of the world. Begin in New York and get involved with the excitement of the city, with all the famous landmarks just a short walk or cab ride away from your hotel. Then it's onto Boston, where you'll revel in the pure energy of the area and shop til you drop with the best boutique and department stores around.
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You are sure to succumb to the charms of the Eastern United States on this superb nine day tour which takes in so many highlights. Beginning in New York, you will sample the delights of the Big Apple before heading out of the city to visit West Point military academy and the stunning Vanderbilt Mansion. Then it's off to see some natural beauty at Niagara Falls before visiting an Amish community on the way to touring the capital city Washington and then ending up in historic Philadelphia. On this tour you will experience the very best that the East has to offer.
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Not quite what you're looking for? We can easily customise an offer to suit your exact requirements
Not quite what you're looking for? We can easily customise an offer to suit your exact requirements


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Venice, the capital of northern Italy's Veneto region, is built on more than 100 small islands in a lagoon in the Adriatic Sea.
Paestum was a major ancient Greek city on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Magna Graecia.
The Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and sand, it is the largest amphitheatre ever built.
The Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo are burial catacombs in Palermo, Sicily, southern Italy. Today they provide a somewhat macabre tourist attraction as well as an extraordinary historical record.
Cinque Terre is a string of centuries-old seaside villages on the rugged Italian Riviera coastline.


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Ironman – a person, as a worker or athlete, of great physical endurance who can be depended upon to perform a given task or job tirelessly.
In 2015, Plymouth Triathlon Club achieved 3rd in the UK Ironman Rankings for a club of it's size, a feat which we hope to improve on in 2016!
Should YOU be on this list? If so, please email commssec@plymouthtriclub with:
- Name
- Event
- Year
- Time
- AG Position
- Photo (optional)


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Taking on the eighties is a dangerous game. There are a rare few capable of making it so bad it's good, and then there are the others who get so bogged down in the bad it's awful. Unfortunately, Ferragamo was one of those collections that braved the decade—as well as a sortie into the tamer sixties, plus a few unrelated themes for good measure—in such a way that it landed in the second category.
An overlong presentation on a vast runway added to the problems of a collection that seemed to skip randomly through sweeping-collar coats and power-shoulder jackets, belted knit dresses, cowl-neck sweaters, shapeless cardigans, and bourgeois scarf prints—memories that, if they are to be retrieved at all, need real polish to look relevant, let alone attractive. Alongside those came the sixties baby dolls, chemise dresses, and duchesse satin bubbles, and one inexplicable spherical skirt in Mongolian lamb. A theme of accordion pleating produced one pretty petrol-blue three-quarter-sleeve dress, and there was a good shaggy purple fur jacket visible in the melee. But in total, this collection did nothing to either flatter the models—or to advance the image of the brand.


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We don't have a summary available yet.
The summary below was written by the Congressional Research Service, which is a nonpartisan division of the Library of Congress.
9/27/2010--Reported to Senate amended. Amends the Federal Power Act to direct the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) to issue rules or orders to protect critical electric infrastructure from cyber security vulnerabilities.
Authorizes FERC to issue such rules or orders without prior notice or hearing if it determines that a rule or order must be issued immediately to protect critical electric infrastructure from a cyber security vulnerability.
Directs FERC, before issuing a rule or order, to consult with specified entities and federal agencies regarding implementation of actions that will effectively address the identified cyber security vulnerabilities.
Requires the rule or order issued to address a cyber security vulnerability to expire on the effective date of a certain standard developed to address the cyber security vulnerability.
Empowers the Secretary of Energy to require, by order, with or without notice, persons subject to FERC jurisdiction to take such actions as the Secretary determines will best avert or mitigate an immediate cyber security threat.
Encourages the Secretary to consult and coordinate with officials in Canada and Mexico responsible for the protection of cyber security of the interconnected North American electricity grid.
Directs FERC to establish a mechanism that permits public utilities to recover prudently incurred costs required to implement immediate actions ordered by the Secretary under this Act.
States that any such expedited or emergency rules or orders issued without prior notice or hearing shall remain effective for not more than 90 days unless, during such 90-day period, FERC: (1) gives interested persons an opportunity to submit written data, views, or arguments (with or without opportunity for oral presentation); and (2) affirms, amends, or repeals the rule or order.
Applies this Act to any entity that owns, controls, or operates critical electric infrastructure. Excludes Alaska and Hawaii from the scope of this Act.
Directs the Secretary of Defense to prepare a comprehensive plan that identifies the emergency measures or actions to be taken to protect the reliability of the electric power supply of national defense facilities located in Alaska, Hawaii, and the Territory of Guam in the event of an imminent cybersecurity threat.
Directs the Secretary and FERC to: (1) prescribe regulations prohibiting disclosure of information obtained or developed in ensuring cyber security if such disclosure would be detrimental to the security of critical electric infrastructure; and (2) establish procedures governing the release of critical infrastructure information to enable to entities subject to this Act to implement rules or orders of FERC or the Secretary.


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BARRETT, Margaret Ann "Anna"
Passed away peacefully at the Lady Dunn Health Centre on Monday May 21, 2018 at the age of 62 years. Caring, concerned and loving mother of Leroy (Donna), Jessy John and Jennifer. Proud gramma of Jesse, Mickey, Dakota, Declin and Willow. Loving godmother of Rhaina. Dear sister of Agnes Stone (Danny), Yvonne Beauvais (Bernie Sr.), Nancy Jane Andre, Martin Andre (Nancy), Ida Vernier (Ray), Emile "Andy" Neyland (Marlene), Pauline Neyland (Rejean) and Joseph Neyland. Anna will be lovingly remembered by her many nieces and nephews. At Anna's request, private services will be held. Cremationhas taken place at River's Edge Cremation Centre, Sault Ste. Marie.
Family and friends are invited to gather at the Michipicoten First Nation Cemetery on Friday May 25, 2018 at 1:00 p.m. for an inurnment service with Reverend Michael Asorgoe officiating.
(Arrangements entrusted to the P.M. Gilmartin Funeral Home, 705-856-7340). www.gilmartinfuneralhome.ca


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According to the American Heart Association, one in five people 40 years of age or older will develop some form of heart failure in their lifetime. Plus, as one gets older, the risk of heart failure increases; 10 percent of people older than 75 years of age have been diagnosed with heart failure -- and, because people are living longer, the incidence of heart failure is growing.
As heart function declines in the course of heart failure, the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood that enters its chambers and fluid starts building up in the lungs, arms, legs and abdomen. This condition, called fluid overload, is frequently associated with heart failure; in fact, heart failure is the leading cause of fluid overload.
Patients with heart failure and fluid overload are traditionally treated with diuretic drugs. However, studies have shown that this treatment is often ineffective. Data from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) show that most hospitalizations for heart failure are due to fluid overload in patients for whom oral diuretics are no longer effective. Even though intravenous diuretic drugs are used in 90 percent of hospitalized heart failure patients, a significant percentage of these patients still have symptoms of fluid overload when they leave the hospital. In fact, many of these patients must be hospitalized again for additional treatment.
In more than one out of four heart failure patients who are taking diuretics, these medicines lose their effectiveness before a normal fluid balance has been restored -- a condition known as diuretic resistance. When this happens, doctors may adjust the dose of the diuretic or change the timing of the dose. In some cases, it works better to give the diuretic continuously through a vein instead of giving it in individual oral doses. A second treatment approach uses combinations of different diuretic drugs that act on the kidneys in different ways, with the idea that different diuretic drugs acting together may produce an improved diuretic response. However, doctors have learned that treatments for diuretic resistance have limited success.
Concerns have been raised about the safety of the use of loop diuretics (a powerful type of diuretic drug) to treat fluid overload in heart failure patients, in addition to concerns about their effectiveness. According to a number of recent studies, the chronic use of loop diuretics in this patient population results in an increased risk of death.
Ultrafiltration is another treatment that has been shown to reduce fluid overload. In the past, doctors reserved ultrafiltration for fluid-overloaded heart failure patients who tried (and failed with) diuretics. However, a group of scientists conducted an experimental study to find out if ultrafiltration would work well in heart failure patients with fluid overload and diuretic resistance -- before intravenous diuretic drugs. They named the study the EUPHORIA trial (Early Ultrafiltration Therapy in Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure and Observed Resistance to Intervention with Diuretic Agents).
On the next page we'll find out what the EUPHORIA trial revealed about treatment for fluid overload.


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Scandinavian Runic-text Database
The aim of Scandinavian Runic-text Database is to collect all Scandinavian runic inscriptions digitally.
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The Scandinavian Runic-text Database is available in four different packages. The database itself is identical in all of them. The database was last updated on January 19, 2018. Read more about the current version.
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2612 7th March 2013 Written Episode Update
2612 7th March 2013 Written Episode, 2612 7th March 2013 Written Update
Rashmi tries to talk to the principal but notices that
the peon is eying her intently.
She then calls someone and asks for help.
They decide to meet in a cafe.
Shahana comes to school n meets Rashmi
and tells her that she cant hide from her.
Shahana asks Rashmi for her phone –
Rashmi resists as the phone contains recording of
Rashmi's confession about Shahana n her plan
n the place where she was kept.
But later she hands it over as a flashback is shown
where Rashmi has already put everything in a PD.
Shahana gives Rashmi a new phone n takes hers away.
Firoz n Radeep are talking about Randeep"s escape ,
when Jada comes there n taunts Randeep about
his being send to a criminal jail in Pune.
Firoz is ecstatic as this is best for their plan.
A man comes in the jail n is put in Firoz's cell
where they fight n Firoz is shifted to Randeep's cell.
Firoz lets Randeep know that the man is his gang member n it was part of the plan.
He even hands Randeep a gun.
Randeep is shocked.
Rashmi goes to meet her help who is none other than Jadda.
As she believes him to be officer Swami she tells him all
from rescuing Ritika to meeting Shahana n now being used by her
as her family has been taken captive.
Jadda consoles her and tells her that he will surely help her.
He then calls Shahana n tells her about this interesting meet.
At the police station Randeep is being shifted to
Pune n he goes to meet the commissioner
where they have a teacher/student moment.
Jadda again asks Randeep to tell him about
the detonators and he will release him but Randeep denies.
The police van is on its way to Pune when nails are
poured on the road n the tires of the van get punctured.
The End
Update Credit to: 18shabbo


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Tricks to Setting and Sticking Within a Budget: Part I
I'm a bit of a hypocrite. As much as I'd like to say that I'm good at sticking with a budget, I would be a fat liar if I did so. Quite the contrary, I suck at it. That's partly why we're in the red right now. The funny part about it is, I look at our balance about every other day or more. Does it help? Nope. And unfortunately it took me a couple years to realize why.
To understand this, please read the following conversation I would have in my head more often than I'd appreciate revealing:
"Wow, watching these bank accounts as they go down and the credit cards as they go up really gets me upset."
"Sure does. Why don't you ever do something about it?"
"Like what? What could I possibly do to change this trend?"
"Well, I dunno, but something… something drastic."
"I've got it! I'll not spend any more money, ever!"
"Hmm, that just might work! When are you going to start?"
"How about right now?? Ain't no time like the present, I always say!"
"Yeah, let's do it! I'm with you all the way! Who needs money these days, we have the internet!"
"Go internet!"
By the time the self-motivating schizophrenia is over I'm all ready to throw away the credit cards and live like a monk, thinking this is entirely possible with just my sheer willpower. I stay in this mode for about 6-12 hours, depending on when I get hungry enough and see the pile of dishes that I would need to clean in order to cook a meal. Typically this entire event is followed by a nice evening out at the dollar menu of any fast food joint.
And thus my foolproof plan is ruined.
Usually it takes me another month of racking up credit card payments before I follow the same principle over again: choking on my spenditure, swearing off money, and then celebrating with a burger. It's a broken philosophy, and it's a bit hard to get out of without some serious understanding of what works when it comes to these things. Thankfully I have snapped out of it. The conclusion of my soul-searching to answer the question of "how to budget effectively" is what I now place before you in four blog installments. This is not sure-fire by any means, but it works. Here's today's.
1. Realize you need to spend money.
It's called survival, and it costs you a pretty penny most the time. One time Emily and I decided we were going to not spend any money for a whole month and just live off of the storage we had. We affectionally dubbed it "No-vendor November", and we were successful… kind of. As much as we tried to not spend money, there were a couple occasions where we absolutely needed to: once was about midway through the month, when we ran out of milk and eggs (kind of a staple to making just about anything) and some other stuff; another was when I really, really needed to buy a cheap book for a poor old lady I visited from time to time. I didn't really feel bad about that one. We still made it through that month with nothing but $12 on our list of transactions, an amazing feat by anyone's standards. We were so proud of ourselves. So how'd we do it?
We cheated. Plain and simple.
You can't get away from paying rent. It's a contract. Unless you strike up some sort of exchange of services with your landlord, you can't get out of that one. You also can't not pay for insurance, gasoline, internet, phone, and utilities if you plan on having any of those during the month and beyond. Though we didn't actually spend money during November itself, we paid for that other stuff during the end of October and the beginning of December. What looked good on our list of November's credit transactions was kind of a sham.
I tell that story to make the point that money is a
necessary evil great tool, and without it we'd be bumming it on the streets. So when we have to pay rent and utilities, though it might be higher than we want it to be, it's better to pay it than to not because that means a roof over our heads and running water whenever we want.
There are some things you just have to make room for in your budget, and if you can come to terms with the fact that not spending money is not really an option for most of us you can move onward with your plan of being a successful human being and not ever spending more money than you mean to.
Next up: How to keep your end goal in mind (hint: requires an end goal)
(If you missed it, this is a series on budgeting. Expect 3 more posts to follow that explain how we do it.)


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I've seen axis deer for years on drives through the Texas Hill Country. Usually, they're behind the high fences of hunting ranches. Sometimes they're dead on the side of the road, having escaped from one of those ranches and not having kept up with the rules of the road.
They're beautiful animals originally from India, fully spotted with long, three-pronged antlers. They were brought here to be hunted as exotics. Slightly larger than whitetails with beautiful spotted coats like a fawn, they were first brought to Texas in the 1930s to keep on game ranches. Because they're exotics, they can be hunted any time during the year, not just during hunting season.
Deerslayer and I had heard, through the years, that axis is a preferred game meat because of its mild "non-gamey" taste. I've always said that game that is properly processed and prepared beautifully doesn't taste gamey. But my curiosity was certainly piqued regarding axis deer.
Even though Deerslayer has hunted since he was a kid, he'd never had an opportunity to bag one….. UNTIL NOW! An opportunity presented itself for Deerslayer to harvest his first Axis. We were both really excited. The buck was a little larger than a whitetail. The skin was gorgeous. I asked Deerslayer to save it for me.
Being the Deerslayer's Wife, I was so excited to try out the meat. It had quite a reputation. And after all, this is what I do. As I use the meat for all my favorite recipes, such as Venison Parmesan, Pecan Crusted Venison Steaks, Seared Tenderloins or Backstrap, Bacon-Wrapped Garlic Football Roast, and all the others, I'll share with my readers my findings regarding any differences that I discover between the axis and whitetail.
The first night that we brought it home and processed it, I noticed the gorgeous deep, rich mahogany color of the meat, deeper in color than whitetail. There was also more fat on it than what I was used to seeing on whitetail. In the Deerslayer household, we don't really care for fat that some whitetail have. It kinda coats the inside of your mouth and doesn't seem to add good flavor to the meat. For the sake of experimentation, we decided to grill the tenderloins of the axis, one trimmed of fat and the other with the fat left on.
It was the consensus of the family that both tenderloins, seared to a glorious medium-rare were as good as, if not better than, whitetail. The tenderloin that had the fat left intact was as flavorful as can be. There was no unpleasant after-taste or mouth-feel. I'll continue to compare and share. I'll keep you posted.


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Verizon Wireless and Motorola announced the Droid smartphone yesterday with much hoopla. Neither company spared the competition, and Verizon took a direct shot at AT&T when it said, "We're not anticipating the network will take a hit on this."Verizon Wireless has taken its marketing and message to consumers down to the street level with its harsh "iDon't" ad campaign, which highlights the faults of the iPhone. Now, it is poking at its chief rival, AT&T, too.
Arvin Singh, VZW director of data sales for the Illinois-Wisconsin region, speaking to Telephony Magazine, said, "We're encouraging [the Droid and unlimited data plans.] We're anticipating the Droid will be a blockbuster, but we're not adding any new backhaul or new EV-DO carriers for the launch. We're not anticipating the network will take a hit on this." Them's fightin' words, for sure.
AT&T has been berated in the media for a long time over its network performance, especially with respect to the iPhone. It has gone so far as to re-arrange the way it uses its spectrum assets in some markets (New York, San Francisco, etc.) by switching its 3G network to the 850MHz spectrum it owns. AT&T's CEO Ralph de la Vega recently defended AT&T's network performance, stating that the company has seen demand for wireless data increase by 5,000%.
Singh expressed total confidence in the Verizon Wireless network, noting that its CDMA EVDO Rev. A technology can handle adding millions of data-hungry users.
While it's premature to predict what sort of increase in data Droid users will account for, you can be sure the number will be pretty big. Based on the more capable browser, I expect users will lean on it heavily to surf the Web. The slew of other services that come with the device, such as the new Google Maps Navigation app, rely on having a network connection, and will also boost data usage.
Considering all that it offers, the Droid should be a big seller for Motorola and Verizon. We'll have to be alert to any network issues that might occur and see how/if Verizon responds.


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ladder option
A type of option that allows the investor to lock-in gains on the underlying asset or security once predetermined price levels are reached. To illustrate, consider a ladder call option with an underlying price of 20 and a strike price of 22. Its predetermined price "rungs" are at 25 and 30. If the price goes beyond 25 but below 30, the holder would be guaranteed at least a profit of 3 (25 minus the strike price of 22), even if the price subsequently falls below 20 before the expiration date. also called lock-step option and step-lock option.


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1) Script Title: RSS Display Boxes
2) Script URL (on DD): http://www.dynamicdrive.com/dynamici...displaybox.zip
3) Describe problem: This is actually not a problem, your scripts work perfectly fine, and I must say, it is a great tool, thank you very much for developing and sharing it
Now my issue is that, instead of displaying all the RSS elements, Im trying to display only some of certain category. So, for example, the RSS has the following categories: News and Sports. Im trying to display only the news category in your boxes.
I have located the loop that stores the RSS feeds in the array, it is located in the rssbox/rssdisplaybox.js file. The function that performs the loop is:
Now, what I´m trying to do is store in the rssdivtags[] array only the feeds with the "News" category and spare the other categories. The problem is I don´t know how to get the category information on the feeds. I was hoping there would be something like:Code:rssdisplaybox.prototype.gatheritems=function(){ var rssdivtags=document.getElementById(this.boxid).getElementsByTagName("div") //find all div tags within RSS display box this.pieces=[] //define array to hold items for (var i=0; i<rssdivtags.length; i++){ //loop thru the div tags if (rssdivtags[i].className=="rsscontainer") this.pieces[this.pieces.length]=rssdivtags[i] //store each RSS item DIV inside array } this.pagecount=Math.ceil(this.pieces.length/this.uchunksize) //calculate number of pages needed to show the items for (var i=0; i<this.pieces.length; i++) this.pieces[i].style.display="none" //Hide all items to begin with as we figure out which should be shown per the page selected this.chunksize=(this.uchunksize>0 && this.uchunksize <this.pieces.length)? this.uchunksize : this.pieces.length //Determine TRUE "chunk size" (# of items to show per page) this.pagecount=Math.ceil(this.pieces.length/this.chunksize) //calculate number of "pages" needed to show the chunks this.showpage(-1) //show no pages (aka hide all) this.currentpage=0 //Having hidden all pages, set currently visible page to 1st page this.showpage(this.currentpage) //Show first page if (this.chunksize!=this.pieces.length) //if pagination links are indeed needed this.buildpagination(this.paginatedivid) else document.getElementById(this.paginatedivid).style.display="none" //else, hide pagination div user has erroneously created document.getElementById(this.boxid).style.visibility="visible" }instead ofCode:if(rssdivtags[i].getCategory()=="News") this.pieces[this.pieces.length]=rssdivtags[i]
I would really appreciate your help on this.Code:if(rssdivtags[i].className=="rsscontainer") this.pieces[this.pieces.length]=rssdivtags[i]
Thanks in advance.


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Bankruptcy Exemptions and Asset Preservation
Explore Bankruptcy Exemptions
At the beginning of a bankruptcy, all assets, properties, claims and holdings of the individual or business become part of the Bankruptcy Estate, which will be reviewed in the bankruptcy process. These are the items that will be considered for possible liquidation, vulnerable to be lost, particularly in Chapter 7. Therefore, it's important to explore bankruptcy exemptions.
New York Asset Protection Attorney
You don't lose everything, though. In each form of bankruptcy, there are certain exemptions allowed of property, assets, and claims that shelter these from the bankruptcy. These exemptions help individuals keep certain holdings that might otherwise be liquidated.
It is vital that you have an experienced, knowledgeable attorney on your side that understands exemptions and your goals for the bankruptcy. At Kamini Fox, PLLC, we are committed to understanding the needs of each client, helping him or her save as much as possible through the course of filing.
Many times individuals will attempt to navigate the exemptions process by themselves, incorrectly or incompletely filling out applications and missing crucial steps. This creates problems that immediately start the process off badly. Not only do these errors result in processing problems and delays, they diminish credibility with lenders who are already hesitant to be flexible.
To avoid these issues, you need the skilled representation of a firm that understands the exemptions process and how best to accomplish the client's goals. At Kamini Fox, PLLC, our lawyers have assisted countless clients to preserve assets and claims in their bankruptcy case.
To arrange an initial consultation to see if you are eligible for bankruptcy and if so, what exemptions you are allowed, please contact us at 516-493-9920.
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Crystal Serenity, awarded World's Best cruise ship, enchants with an unrivaled posh elegance inviting guests to discover a ship of exacting perfection and easy luxury.
Inspired by the casual-yet-cultured vibe of southern California, Crystal Serenity's boasts a chic and contemporary style featuring several cruise industry-firsts, such as a chef's herb garden as part of vibrant "vertical walls" of greenery.
Nowhere else does the grandeur and serenity of the world come into view more clearly than it does from the sublime comfort and quiet privacy of your well-appointed verandah stateroom or suite. All guests enjoy comfortable kimonos, Frette robes and slippers and indulgent bath amenities. Penthouse guests are attended to by a personal butler, anticipating your every need.
Renowned for award-winning cuisine, Waterside sets the stage for exceptional culinary experiences. Specialty restaurants, including Umi Uma, Silk Kitchen, and Prego offer all-inclusive dining, serving fine wines and cuisine.
To top it off, Crystal Cruises offers the finest shipboard service afloat and it is the goal of the attentive staff to anticipate your every need and to make your vacation truly a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
More cruises featuring Crystal Serenity
|Date (2020)
|Dec 2
|Miami, Florida
|Dec 3
|Cruising the Gulf of Mexico
|Dec 4
|Costa Maya, Mexico
|Dec 5
|Belize City, Belize
|Dec 6
|Cozumel, Mexico
|Dec 7
|Cruising the Caribbean Sea
|Dec 8
|Florida Keys, Florida
|Dec 9
|Miami, Florida
|Departure Date
|Special Offers
|Price From
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Book this itinerary through us, your Virtuoso Travel Specialist, and receive exclusive benefits at no additional cost, including:
Plus one of the Following Options based on Availability:
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|December 02, 2020
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Guarantee - The cruise line will assign the specific stateroom, sometimes as late as the day of sailing. You are not able to select a specific stateroom or location. You are guaranteed a stateroom in the selected category and if all staterooms in the selected category sell out, you will be upgraded to a higher category.
Multi-Tony Award-winning Broadway producer Kevin McCollum brings cast members and creative experts from some of Broadway's premiere shows to Crystal's elegant stages and intimate venues. Guests will enjoy dedicated performances and informative lectures from these theatre experts.
Crystal Cruises' Experiences of Discovery theme cruises are a thoughtfully curated collection of award-winning programs. These theme cruises cover a myriad of subjects that pique guests interests - including hands-on demonstrations and guest lectures, front row seats to world-renowned events, and culture, wellness and enrichment themes.
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A Virtuoso Voyages shore event is not offered on this sailing. Instead, guests staying in select stateroom categories will receive an onboard spending credit or have the option to use their credit on Exclusive Virtuoso Preferred Products. Ask us for complete details.
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Three Pakistanis beheaded in Saudi Arabia
Dubai, May 2: Three Pakistanis were beheaded in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for drug trafficking, six days after two of their compatriots were executed by sword in Jeddah. All the five were convicted for drug trafficking including the Pakistanis , who were beheaded yesterday, the official news agency SPA said.
A total of 56 people have been executed in the Kingdom so far this year for offences like rape, drug trafficking and murder all of which attract death penalty. A record 153 people were put to death in 2007 in the Gulf kingdom, which applies a strict version of sharia, or Islamic law. As compared to this, 37 people were beheaded in 2006.