text:
From a distance, the scene looks and sounds not unlike a standard fair-weather gym class. Players clad in mismatched jerseys dart back and forth, colorful vinyl strips streaming in their wake. Shouting, laughter, and the faint strains of Britney Spears's "Toxic" mingle with the sound of cleats (alongside sneakers, from those less equipped for the scrimmage) and, occasionally, bodies hitting the ground. The one downside of the weather—sunnier, drier, and more temperate than seems possible for Providence in April—is that the smell of sunscreen is overwhelming, even from several yards away.
This is the Providence Gay Flag Football League (PVDGFFL)'s second-ever scrimmage. Four of the league's eight teams spread out across the North Country Club Field in Warwick, preparing for the day's first round of preseason matches. At this point, teams have known each other for only a week. But next weekend, they will be competing in their first game of the PVDGFFL's inaugural regular season. Now is the time for teams to coalesce, develop game strategies, and, hopefully, decide on names. Officially, each team's name is designated by its jersey color, but players and captains alike are, to varying degrees, interested in finding more exciting alternatives. The Green Team seems to be known interchangeably as "Mountain Doobie" and "Mount and Do Me," while the Red Team is torn between "the Red Beards" and "Red Rocket." Alex L'Ecuyer, captain of the Blue Team, informs me that his players are going by "the Blue Cockies," which originated as a "bar joke." "Hey, everybody thought it was hilarious," L'Ecuyer adds, laughing.
The players present today came to the PVDGFFL from many different athletic backgrounds and with many different skill sets. But all have two things, at least, in common: the desire to carve out a new LGBT community space in Providence and the will to play football. As administrators drag out goalposts and refs take to the field in preparation for a day of games, both aims start to materialize.
As the first set of games start, positions still seem up in the air—the PVDGFFL is many players' first exposure to football, flag or otherwise, and these early rounds are an opportunity for learning and teaching. The rules of flag football and tackle football are very similar, though flag leagues vary in their treatment of contact, field size, and other specific regulations. As a rule, flag is much lower-contact than tackle football, if not completely no-contact. Stripping a player of their vinyl flags, attached to their waist, amounts to a tackle and ends the opposing team's play. It's customary for the player who succeeds in taking another's flags to hold the colorful strips high above their head in the universal gesture of athletic accomplishment—see Rocky with his belt, any given championship-winning hockey player with the Stanley Cup, or a wrestler performing a fireman's carry of their opponent's entire body.
Harley Jones is on the field for most of the first set of games. Her goal in joining the PVDGFFL is to meet people. "I don't have very many friends in this area in the LGBT community," she tells me. "I'm here to become more active." She was also drawn in by the opportunity to participate in organized sports. "I did cross-country in high school, and I missed the team bonding," she says.
She brought a fan, her friend Andrew, who isn't registered with the PVDGFFL but came to watch her in the scrimmage. "I'm straight, for the record, but I'm very supportive of the community, especially if there's sports involved," he says. His interjection is cut off by Jones's thunderous cheers. Her team, Mountain Doobie/Mount and Do Me, has just scored against the still-unnamed Navy Team.
Jones's motivations for joining are typical among newcomers to the PVDGFFL. Jay Noble, who moved to Providence less than a month ago, also registered in order to meet people and "stay active." Noble, like several other players at the scrimmage, had previously participated in a (predominantly gay) women's flag football league in St. Louis. Providence, too, has a women's league, which many PVDGFFL participants also play for.
Many of the players and leaders of the PVDGFFL have previous athletic experience—a number were high school or college athletes—but several are new to organized sports. A gay league can offer players in both of these situations the chance to develop a new relationship to sports. "When you talk about joining a sports league that might be predominantly straight, you can still feel like a bit of an outsider, and like you can't quite be yourself," Duane Gosley, commissioner of the PVDGFFL, told me. "Providing an outlet that is primarily focused on the LGBTQ community provides a safe environment for them to come and be themselves."
Gay leagues can also provide a familiar space for those in the process of acclimating to a new identity and community. John Zajicek, assistant commissioner of the PVDGFFL, joined a gay kickball league in Orlando within months of coming out. For him, gay sports leagues were a way to bridge the gap between his current life and a future of deeper engagement with other LGBT people. "I'd grown up playing sports, so to find out that there were these leagues that existed, and that identified with the kind of lifestyle or activities that I was normally part of ... that was my step into meeting people in the community." The PVDGFFL is, first and foremost, a space for LGBT people to connect—with each other, but also with themselves.
The PVDGFFL is far from the only space in Providence with the goal of bringing LGBT people together in community. For a city of its size, Providence has an unusually large number of gay bars. Historically, these have been centers of LGBT community in the area. But many LGBT residents of the Providence area are reaching for spaces outside of bars, as well. Mike Ung, a player for the Blue Team, called the PVDGFFL an opportunity for LGBT people to meet each other "doing something that's not just going out to bars and all that." He is far from the only player who mentioned the PVDGFFL's relationship to gay bars—their similarities and, implicitly, their differences.
The comparison of gay sports leagues and gay bars is far from new. A 2013 Los Angeles Times article headlined "Gay sports leagues gain ground against bars as a social outlet" made as much clear. Taken at face value, this article reads like a proclamation of a new era of gay spaces, where bars are obsolete and queer people only ever congregate to practice kickball (specifically without "waving flags," according to one man interviewed in the Times article). But the dichotomy between sports and bars isn't as clear, or as competitive, as it might appear. The PVDGFFL has reached out to many other kinds of gay community spaces, including, but not limited to, gay bars and clubs across Providence. It has brought in players through queer centers on and off college campuses, mutual friends, and simple social media promotion. The assumption the Los Angeles Times article makes, that a gay sports league would necessarily drain energy from other kinds of community spaces, carries with it the idea that there is a limit to queer people's ability or desire to connect with each other. To anyone watching this scrimmage unfold—the laughter, the cries of triumphant glee, the joy in connection—this assumption is self-evidently wrong.
However, recruitment does present challenges for the PVDGFFL, especially within the 18-to-32 demographic. "What does socialization look like for the queer community? Now, more than ever, a lot of it is digital," Zajicek told me, mentioning the prevalence of dating apps. When so many introductions and interactions between queer people occur online, Zajicek thinks it can be difficult to mobilize interest in building offline spaces.
Despite the accessibility of online platforms, though, many young people continue to register for and show up to gay sports leagues. But, to some degree, these leagues have to compete amongst themselves for interested players. Between the Renaissance City Softball League, the Gala Bowling League, and the Ocean City Pride Volleyball League—not to mention countless other gay leagues in the Boston metro area, including FLAG, one of the largest gay flag football leagues in the United States—Providence is already home to many options for hopeful athletes in the LGBT community. But even with these many outlets, the PVDGFFL has attracted a full roster. They also have sponsorships to back them up, including doTERRA Essential Oils (whose representative Kaleb Bajakian mans a booth at the scrimmage). Many players participate in multiple other gay and women's sports leagues in Providence in addition to the PVDGFFL.
Come the end of the first set of games, with no scoreboards in sight, it's only really possible to determine the victor based on Mountain Doobie/Mount and Do Me's players' cheers. More important than final scores seems to be the end-of-game chants, which, for Mountain Doobie/Mount and Do Me, involve each team member shouting their preferred pronunciation of the team's name at the top of their lungs. As players begin to unlace their shoes, zip their bags, and set out for the parking lot or the sidelines, a new wave moves in for the next round of matches. These teams are all competing, but the object, especially today, isn't really to win; it's to build something together. The PVDGFFL may be made up of rookies, but they've proved themselves up to that challenge.
CAL TURNER B'21 has the shakiest possible grasp on the rules of football, tackle or otherwise.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Check THIS site out - amazing! Truly, free, all the study tools of other sites but EASY TO NAVIGATE and in many languages! Including Japanese.
- Just used my 5% back from buying Clif Crunch bars at drugstore.com to buy more.....
- For those who have asked - takes 5 min to feed starter and make up dough for English muffins last night
- This a.m. 7 min to finish dough, shape and get on griddle...16 min to bake 8 min used to grind flour, clean kitchen and start dough for Cinnamon English Muffins....6 min left to do other quick chores while I wait for 2nd side of muffins to be done....so....5 min to start dough; 23 min TOTAL to bake in the a.m. Not a bad thing at all.
- Marsuipals - fun animals to study! The original macropods (big foot).
- LOVE the things I ordered from Thirty-one!
- Walked around the block with my boyfriend
- Skype with Bre
- Took kids to PYOC and got 2.5 hours of "work" done
- WHY do our PWOC study DVD's keep disappearing?????
- Haven't burnt the mid-night oil since before conference - but I needed to do some work on ministry projects
- Praying for Josiah's 3rd interview to be a personal banker
~Coram Deo~
Living all of life before the face of God...


text:
This page gives a basic introduction for people who are NOT used to using LSF. (If you're used to using LSF, please consult the O2 - Moving from LSF to Slurm page instead.)
Learning about a new computer system can be intimidating for some. Some biologists are unfamiliar with UNIX, the command line, and clusters. But don't worry! Literally thousands of biologists have learned how to use our resources. You only need to learn a few things to get started, and if you run into trouble, you can always contact Research Computing for help.
The O2 cluster is a collection of hundreds of computers with thousands of processing cores. SLURM (Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management) is basically a system for ensuring that the hundreds of users "fairly" share the processors and memory in the cluster.
The basic process of running jobs:
PENDING), and when it's your turn to run, SLURM finds a computer that's not too busy.
RUNNING. While it's running, you don't interact with the program. (If you're running a program that requires user input or pointing and clicking, see Interactive Sessions below.)
COMPLETED, or
FAILED if it had an error). You get an email when the job is finished if you specified
--mail-type (and optionally
--mail-user) in your job submission command.
Here's some of the terminology that you'll find used in relation to SLURM in this and other documents:
master host: The system that performs overall coordination of the SLURM cluster. In our case we have a primary server named
slurm-prod01 and one backup.
o2.hms.harvard.edu, you'll actually end up on a "login node" called
login04 or
login05. You submit your SLURM jobs from there.
compute-x-yy-zz. x, yy and zz tell the location of the machine in the computer room.
The current partition configuration:
Specification *
|12 hours
|5 days
|30 days
2 job limit, 12 hours
|5 days limit
|2 job limit, 30 day limit (same as LSF priority queue)
|4 cores max, 5 days limit, 5 concurrently cores per user
|see Using O2 GPU resources
check our How to choose a partition in O2 chart to see which partition you should use
* For all partitions except for mpi, there is a maximum of 20 cores per job.
Note: Any time
<userid> is mentioned in this document, it should be replaced with your eCommons ID (and omit the <>). Likewise,
<jobid> should be replaced with an actual job ID, such as 12345. The name of a batch job submission script should be inserted wherever
<jobscript> is mentioned.
|Sample command syntax
sbatch <jobscript>
|Submit a batch job.
srun --pty -t 0-0:5:0 -p interactive /bin/bash
|Start an interactive session for five minutes in the interactive queue.
squeue -u <userid>
|View status of your jobs in the queue. Only non-completed jobs will be shown.
scontrol show job <jobid>
|Look at a running job in detail. For more information about the job, add the
-dd parameter.
scancel <jobid>
|Cancel a job.
scancel can also be used to kill job arrays or job steps.
scontrol hold <jobid>
|Pause a job
scontrol release <jobid>
|Release a held job (allow it to run)
sacct -j <jobid>
|Check job accounting data. Running
sacct is most useful for completed jobs.
|See node and partition information. Use the
-N parameter to see information per node.
There are two commands to submit jobs on O2:
sbatch or
sbatch is used for submitting batch jobs, which means you should write a script to use with this command. When invoked,
sbatch creates a job allocation (resources such as nodes and processors) before running the commands specified in the script.
srun is used for starting job steps. It can be used from within a pre-existing allocation, such as within an
sbatch script, or can create a new allocation.
Note: If you would like to submit a job with a script, use
sbatch. If you want to start an interactive session, use
sbatch command
You submit jobs to SLURM using the
sbatch command, followed by the script you'd like to run. When you submit the job,
sbatch will give you a numeric JobID that you can later use to monitor your job. The SLURM scheduler will then find a computer that has an open slot matching any specifications you gave (see below on requesting resources), and tell that computer to run your job.
sbatch also accepts option arguments to configure your job, and O2 users should specify all of the following with each job, at a minimum:
-t 2:30:00) the job will run. The job will be killed if it runs longer than this limit, so it's better to overestimate.
Most users will be submitting jobs to the
priority, or
interactive partitions, some in
mpi. Here is a guide to choose a proper partition:
|Best queue to use
|Time limit
|1 or 2 jobs at a time
|1 month
|> 2 short jobs
|12 hours
|> 2 medium jobs
|5 days
|> 2 long jobs
|1 month
|MPI parallel job using multiple nodes (with sbatch
-a and
|5 days
|Interactive work (e.g. MATLAB graphical interface, editing/testing code) rather than a batch job
12 hours
sbatch options quick reference
sbatch command can take many, many different flags. This is just a quick description of the most popular flags. They are described in more detail further down the page.
-p and
-t are required. If you are running a multi-threaded or parallel job, which splits a job in pieces over multiple cores/threads/processors to run faster,
-c or -n is required.
-n 1
Number of tasks requested. By default this value is set to 1 and to each task it is allocated only 1 core. This flag is typically used to request resources when running MPI parallel jobs or other multitasked jobs.
-c 4
Number of cores requested per task. Here, we request that the job run on four cores (Some programs use "processors" or "threads" for this idea). For all jobs on O2, you will be restricted to the number of cores you request. If you accidentally request -c 1, but tell your program to use 4 cores, your job will still run but it will be limited to the 1 allocated core only. This is the flag you need to use for the typical parallel job that runs on shared memory systems.
-e errfile
Send errors (stderr) to file errfile.
Send email to this address. If this option is not used, by default the email is sent to the address listed in
~/.forward. Must be used with
This option specifies when send job emails. The available mail types include:
ALL (equivalent to
REQUEUE, and
STAGE_OUT (burst buffer stage out and teardown completed),
TIME_LIMIT_90 (reached 90 percent of time limit),
TIME_LIMIT_80 (reached 80 percent of time limit), and
TIME_LIMIT_50 (reached 50 percent of time limit).
Reserve 100 MB of memory. Use either this option OR
--mem-per-cpu. To avoid confusion, it's best to include a size unit, one of K, M, G, T for kilobytes, megabytes, etc.
Resource request. Reserve 100 MB of memory per core. Use either this option OR
--mem. Best practice is to include a size unit, such as K, M, G, or T for kilobytes, megabytes, etc.
For error and output files, choose either to
append to them or
truncate them.
Run on this number of nodes. Unless your job is running in the MPI queue, always use 1.
-o outfile
Send screen output (stdout) to file outfile.
-p short
Partition to run your job in. All partitions but interactive can be used for
sbatch jobs.
-t 30
Job will be killed if it runs longer than 30 minutes (0-5:30 means 0 days, five hours and thirty minutes)
We can specify all the options of
sbatch in a script and submit. An example batch script is seen below:
#!/bin/bash #SBATCH -c 1 # Request one core #SBATCH -N 1 # Request one node (if you request more than one core with -c, also using # -N 1 means all cores will be on the same node) #SBATCH -t 0-00:05 # Runtime in D-HH:MM format #SBATCH -p short # Partition to run in #SBATCH --mem=100 # Memory total in MB (for all cores) #SBATCH -o hostname_%j.out # File to which STDOUT will be written, including job ID #SBATCH -e hostname_%j.err # File to which STDERR will be written, including job ID #SBATCH --mail-type=FAIL # Type of email notification- BEGIN,END,FAIL,ALL #SBATCH --email@example.com # Email to which notifications will be sent hostname
The batch script can be submitted like this:
sbatch myjob.sh
You don't need to use a separate script for submitting jobs with
sbatch. You can use the
--wrap option to run a single command. However, we discourage the use of
--wrap for several reasons: (1) it makes your science less reproducible, (2) it makes jobs harder to troubleshoot (SLURM job accounting doesn't retain commands used with
--wrap), and (3) certain commands (such as piping, or using
| ) may not be interpreted properly. Instead, we recommend using
sbatch with a script, or running these commands interactively.
Additionally, if you need some flexibility in your script (e.g. you need to submit the same job but with multiple input files, etc.), submission scripts can take command line arguments as well as inheriting environment variables (your entire current environment is exported with the job when it submits). Here is a shell script that takes a single command line argument:
#!/bin/bash #SBATCH -c 1 # Request one core #SBATCH -N 1 # Request one node (if you request more than one core with -c, also using # -N 1 means all cores will be on the same node) #SBATCH -t 0-00:05 # Runtime in D-HH:MM format #SBATCH -p short # Partition to run in #SBATCH --mem=100 # Memory total in MB (for all cores) #SBATCH -o hostname_%j.out # File to which STDOUT will be written, including job ID #SBATCH -e hostname_%j.err # File to which STDERR will be written, including job ID #SBATCH --mail-type=FAIL # Type of email notification- BEGIN,END,FAIL,ALL #SBATCH --firstname.lastname@example.com # Email to which notifications will be sent echo $@ > file.txt
If you submit this script like so:
sbatch arguments.sh hello world
When the job finishes, you should have an output file called
file.txt that contains the text
hello world. If you are savvy at bash, you can use this functionality to script loops that can vary the parameters you send to your submission script to submit lots of similar jobs at the same time without having to manually modify the script itself.
You can also take environment variables as well. Say you run the following command:
export DESTFILE=file.txt
Then make the following change to
arguments.sh before submitting it as above:
echo $@ > $DESTFILE
You will still get the same result as above, even though you have not exported
DESTFILE inside your submission script. The value of
DESTFILE was exported along with the rest of your environment at submission time, because it was already set. However, for obvious reasons, it is recommended that you make such exports inside your submission script for documentation purposes so that you have a convenient record of what you set those variables to if you return to your submission some time later.
srun command
srun can be used to submit jobs under the SLURM scheduler.
sbatch and
srun even share many of the same options! However,
srun is implemented a bit differently. You can use
srun to create job steps (simply put
srun in front of the commands you want to run) within an
sbatch script, or to start an interactive session. If
srun is used within an
sbatch script, it will use the preexisting resource allocation. If
srun is submitted independent of
sbatch, you will need to specify resources to be allocated to your job.
You can submit "interactive" jobs under SLURM, which allows you to actually log in to a compute node. You can then test commands interactively, watch your code compile, run programs that require user input while the command is running, or use a graphical interface. (Matlab and R can run either in batch mode or graphical mode, for example.) These jobs are intended to be run in the
interactive partition, but currently can be used in any partition. It may take longer to be assigned an interactive job in a partition other than
interactive, due to the priority of the partition. See How to choose a partition in O2 for more detail.
[kmk34@login05 ~]$ srun --pty -p interactive --mem 500M -t 0-06:00 /bin/bash [kmk34@compute-a-16-68 ~]$
You can then run your commands, and logout when you're done. The
interactive queue has a limit of 12 hours.
You can request extra memory or multiple cores (up to 20) in an interactive session
Note: It is not recommended to submit
srun commands from within an interactive job. These commands will be executed on the same resource allocation as the interactive job. If you want to submit other jobs from within an interactive job, use
sbatch commands instead.
sbatch scripts
With the SLURM scheduler, it is encouraged to put
srun in front of every command you want to run in an
sbatch script. Using
srun will denote job steps, so when you monitor your job, each
srun command will be shown as a different step. Additionally, if your job fails, job steps will help you troubleshoot better by narrowing down which command had the issue.
Here is an example script that will give the hostname of the node it was executed on, and print a message.
#!/bin/bash #SBATCH -c 2 # 1 core #SBATCH -t 0-00:05 # Runtime of 5 minutes, in D-HH:MM format #SBATCH -p short # Run in short partition #SBATCH -o hostname_%j.out # File to which STDOUT + STDERR will be written, including job ID in filename #SBATCH --mail-type=FAIL # ALL email notification type #SBATCH --firstname.lastname@example.com # Email to which notifications will be sent srun -c 1 hostname srun -c 1 echo "Hello, I ran an sbatch script with srun commands!"
If we save this script as
srun_in_sbatch.sh, it can be submitted by
sbatch srun_in_sbatch.sh. After the job completes, you can see the job statistics (which will be broken down by numbered job steps) by running
sacct -j <jobid>.
There are several commands you may wish to use to see the status of your jobs, including:
squeue - by default
squeue will show information about all users' jobs. Use
-u <userid> to get information just about yours.
scontrol - most
scontrol options can't be invoked by regular users, but
scontrol show job <jobid> is a useful command that gives detailed job information. This command only works for currently running jobs.
sstat - shows status information for currently running jobs. Many fields can be requested using the
--format parameter. Reference the job status fields in the sstat documentation for more information. Unless you are running a more experienced user running a job with multiple steps, you probably want to add
.batch to the jobid of the job.
sacct - reports accounting information for jobs and job steps. This works for both running or completed jobs, but it is most useful for completed jobs. Many fields can be requested using the
--format parameter. Check the job accounting fields in the sacct documentation for more information.
# list information about all non-completed jobs for a user, including job ids and what status they're in. squeue -u <userid> # list information for a single job squeue -j <jobid> # list information for only running jobs squeue -t RUNNING # list information only for pending jobs squeue -t PENDING # list information for only jobs in short partition squeue -p short # list information for jobs in short partition that are currently running for a user squeue -p short -u <userid> -t RUNNING # show status information for running job # you can find all the fields you can specify with the --format parameter by running sstat -e # Advanced users may want to use -j <jobid>.1 for step 1 of a job sstat -j <jobid>.batch --format JobID,MaxRSS,MaxVMSize,NTasks # show details for a running job # -dd requests more detail scontrol show job <jobid> -dd # get statistics on a completed job # you can find all the fields you can specify with the --format parameter by running sacct -e # you can specify the width of a field with % and a number, for example --format=JobID%15 for 15 characters sacct -j <jobid> --format=JobId,AllocCPUs,State,ReqMem,MaxRSS,Elapsed,TimeLimit,CPUTime,ReqTres
There are several ways to modify your submitted jobs in SLURM, such as:
# Cancel a job. # The scancel command can also be used to kill job arrays or job steps. scancel <jobid> # Cancel all your jobs scancel -u <userid> # Cancel all of your running jobs scancel -t RUNNING -u <userid> # cancel a job using the name given during submission, not using job id scancel --name BlastJob # Prevent a queued job from starting scontrol hold <jobid> # Allow a held job be scheduled again scontrol release <jobid>
By default, you will not receive an execution report by e-mail when a job you have submitted to Slurm completes. If you would like to receive such notifications, please use
--mail-type and optionally
--mail-user in your job submission. Currently, the SLURM emails contain minimal information (jobid, job name, run time, status, and exit code); this was an intentional design feature from the Slurm developers. We are looking into alternative methods to deliver job metrics, such as requested number of nodes and cores, and used memory. At this time, we suggest running
sacct queries for more detailed information.
The emailed job reports will be useful to find out the exit code, status, and run time of your job. If a job fails, the subject line will (usually) say
FAILED or
CANCELLED instead of
COMPLETED. More information for a job can be found by running
sacct -j
<jobid>. The following command can be used to obtain accounting information for a completed job:
sacct -j <jobid> --format JobId,NNodes,Partition,NCPUs,State,ReqMem,MaxRSS,Elapsed,CPUTime,TimeLimit,ExitCode,Start,End
If you get a
TIMEOUT error, the
CPUTime reported will be greater than the
-t limit you specified in your job.
Similarly, if your job used too much memory, you will receive an error like:
Job <jobid> exceeded memory limit <memorylimit>, being killed. For this job,
sacct will report a larger
MaxRSS than
ReqMem, and
CANCELLED job status. You will need to rerun the job, requesting more memory.
For much more information on figuring out why jobs don't start, or don't finish, see the separate page on troubleshooting Slurm jobs.
If you are contacting Research Computing because a job did not behave as expected, it's often helpful to include the job report in your request. Just attach it to the email, or paste it into the form.
By default, your job output will not be emailed to you, even if you request email notifications. Slurm will automatically put job error and output in a file called
slurm-<jobid>.out in the directory you submitted the job from.
If you would prefer, you can direct the output by specifying the
-o (stdout) and
-e (stderr) options to
sbatch -o myjob.out -e myjob.err myjob.sh
You can add the execution node name and jobids to the output and error files using
%N and
sbatch -o %N_%j.out -e %N_%j.err myjob.sh
A number of programs with graphical user interfaces (e.g., R, Matlab) use the X11 system which lets the program run on an O2 computer, but show the graphics on your desktop. To do this, you need to have an X11 server running on your desktop, and your SSH connection needs to have X11 forwarding enabled. See this page for X11 setup instructions.
You will need to connect to O2 with the
-XY flags in your SSH command. Substitute <username> for your eCommons:
$ ssh -XY <username>@o2.hms.harvard.edu
To enable graphics forwarding within an
srun job, add the
--x11 flag to your job submission. For example:
$ srun --pty -p interactive -t 0-0:5 --x11 bash
Likewise, add the
--x11=batch flag for graphics forwarding within
sbatch job submissions.
Modern computers have multiple cores, allowing them to run multiple jobs at once. Many programs allow you to use multiple cores for a single run. (Just to confuse you, different programs talk about running on multiple "processors" or "cores" or "threads" or "CPUs".) This can allow you a substantial speedup, but there are some important issues to be aware of.
Unlike multi-core programs, truly parallel programs use a system like MPI to let you run on more than one computer at a time. For information on that, see the Parallel Jobs on O2 page.
First, you need to tell SLURM the number of cores you want to run on. You do this with the -c
tophat -p 8 asks the Tophat aligner for eight cores. So you might have a job submission script that has a line to request 8 cores:
#SBATCH -c 8
Later on in the script, you have a tophat alignment command, which also specifies using 8 cores:
tophat -p 8 ...
If you accidentally ask for only one core in the job submission (
sbatch -c 1), but try to let your program use multiple cores (
tophat -p 8), you will not be able to do so. On O2, CPU usage is restricted to the cores you request, which is performed by the Cgroups plugin.You will not receive an explicit error message, but nevertheless, your job will be confined to the allocated cores. For this reason, you may observe a performance decay when running jobs on O2 instead of Orchestra, because in Orchestra your jobs were using multiple cores that were not allocated to you.
Each job has a runtime limit, which is the maximum number of seconds that the job can be in RUN state. This is also known as "wall clock time". You specify this limit with the
-t parameter with
sbatch or
srun. If your job does not complete prior to the runtime limit, then your job will be killed. Each partition has a default runtime limit, and a maximum time limit. See below for details:
|Default time limit
Maximum time limit
|2 hours
|12 hours
|1 day
|5 days
|1 day
|30 days
12 hours
|1 day
|5 days
|1 day
|30 days
|1 hour
|5 days
|1 hour
|see Using O2 GPU resources
Every job requires a certain amount of memory (RAM, "active" memory, not disk storage) to run. If the jobs on a given node use too much memory, this memory exhaustion can adversely impact other running jobs, prevent the dispatch of new jobs, cause nodes to crash, and unfairly benefit a few intensive users at the expense of all other users of that node.
Jobs that use excessive memory without requesting resources may be terminated by Research Computing to allow other jobs to run.
If your job requires more than 1 GB of memory, please override the defaults. For example, to submit a job to the short queue and reserve 8 GB of memory for the duration of the job:
sbatch -p short -t 8:00 --mem=8000 your_job.sh
Note that without any units appended, memory reservation values are specified in MB by default. You can change the size unit of the memory request by appending K, G, T for kilobytes, gigabytes, terabytes etc.
Filesystem resources make sure that your job is only dispatched to a node that has the appropriate network file system mounted and accessible to it. All users are encouraged to use filesystem resources. During planned maintenance events or unplanned filesystem outages, using a filesystem resource requirement will keep your job from being unnecessarily dispatched and subsequently failing.
The file system resources are:
groups (
log (
/n/log - for web hosting users)
files (
/n/files - accessible through
transfer partition, but you must request access to run jobs in this partition)
scratch3 (
/n/scratch3 - for storage of temporary or intermediary files)
Example Usage:
sbatch --constraint="files"
If your job requires multiple filesystems:
sbatch --constraint="files&groups"
We expect to make adjustments to the SLURM configuration as we learn more about how O2 is used. Your feedback will be the best way for us to learn what adjustments we should be considering to make the cluster most useful to the widest audience. We're also interested in feedback on what information is most useful for new users, so that we can expand and improve this documentation. Please give us feedback early and often. Please use the support form on the Research Computing web site.


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What is General Aviation
General aviation and aerial work operations are all those not considered to be operated by airlines, charter operators or the military. More than 370,000 general aviation aircraft and a million pilots worldwide flew an estimated 29 million flight hours in 2008.
These operations consist of business, sightseeing, search and rescue, training, recreational, survey, aerial ambulance and a variety of other purposes used to complete the world's transportation system. Ranging in size from a small two-seat trainer to a large airline-size aircraft, these operations contribute significantly to the economies of the nations in which they fly.
It would be difficult to imagine a world transportation system without general aviation aircraft. But, competition for fair and equal access to the air transportation system's limited resources is an acknowledged fact. For this reason, IAOPA was formed in 1962.
Now representing pilots and aircraft operators in 73 countries, IAOPA and its affiliates work to promote and protect general aviation and aerial work interests in the following areas:
- Airspace
- Airports
- Pilot Licensing
- Operational regulations
- Environment
- Facilitation (Customs)
- User fees/taxation
- Aircraft certification
- Meteorology
- Equipment requirements
Throughout its existence IAOPA has had a significant impact on world aviation. Among its accomplishments IAOPA worked with international organizations to:
- Mandate requirements for improved general aviation facilities at international airports.
- Validate private pilot licenses by foreign countries.
- Remove general aviation from airline requirements and develop international operational guidelines specifically for general aviation.
- Revise the world airspace classification system to provide for general aviation operations.
- Restructure and improve the ICAO pilot licensing requirements.
- Permit VFR and mixed VFR-IFR operations within controlled airspace.
- Reduce the impact of avionics and other equipment requirements for general aviation aircraft to operate within controlled airspace.
- Help plan the Future Air Navigation System to the advantage of general aviation.
- Educate world aviation bodies about general aviation and aerial work activities.
- Eliminate restrictions to the use of airports
and airspace.
In 1945 the nations of the world signed the Chicago Convention that established the International Civil Aviation Organization, "…in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner."
After ICAO had been in existence for only a few years, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association leaders in Australia, Canada, the Philippines, South Africa and the United States soon realized that general aviation interests were not given sufficient attention within this international organization. In 1962 those five AOPAs founded the International Council of Aircraft Owners and Pilots Associations (IAOPA) "To facilitate the movement of general aviation aircraft internationally…."
In 1964 IAOPA was accepted as the sole general aviation observer to ICAO proceedings, a distinction the organization maintains to this day.
In addition to regular participation at ICAO headquarters and regional meetings, IAOPA represents the interests of general aviation in the European Union, Eurocontrol, European Civil Aviation Conference and Joint Aviation Authorities.
Representing 470,000 general aviation and aerial work pilots and owners in 73 nations. AOPAs are established in the following countries:


text:
True, the transition to Open Language (with the Widgets and Themes that come along with it) is such a ground-breaking set of initiatives that inevitably it will alter other shorter-term goals.
But to achieve this transition will require very prudent use of resources, so I can't fault then for adjusting their timelines to prioritize it.
With it comes a new world of opportunity for third parties, beyond anything we've known in any xTalk before. The level of integration Widgets can have - both with the IDE and even the host OS - is much richer than anything that's come before it.
Once in our hands, we can expect an explosion of components from the community, as it not only makes them easier to build, but also easier to use in our projects and easier to share among projects and among developers.
So clearly something like RevOnline will play a critical role for LiveCode going forward, just as CPAN does for Perl and CRAN does for R.
But RevOnline as it is today, designed several years ago before Open Language was conceived, is inadequate for the task. So it needs a deep overhaul, and since it requires integration with language features not yet in our hands, we're currently limited in terms of how the community can meaningfully contribute at this point.
That said, this will be changing soon. Preview releases of v8 are currently anticipated to begin in a few weeks, and then we'll all have an opportunity to explore ways we can share code and components more fluidly than ever before.
In the meantime, to get a taste of what's ahead the video in Kevin's blog entry on Widgets is worth reviewing:
http://livecode.com/blog/2014/07/08/the ... ts-themes/
PROJECT: RevOnline triage
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text:
When I woke up this morning I looked at my window, the curtains were closed but they were tinted in a bright pink light, being in my tired and confused state I had no clue what was going on… Was the world ending? Did my Mum dye my curtains which are usually white, pink?! I got out of bed, walked to my window and opened my curtains. Turns out the world wasn't ending and my Mum didn't go on a late night pink dying spree, it was the sunrise. The sky was painted pink and yellow, I don't think I've ever seen the sky this amazing so obviously I ran out into the garden, camera in hand and took a dozen photos (I also dragged Mum out into the cold so she could see it too).
After going out into the freezing garden all I wanted to do was put the heater on, crawl back into bed, and go to sleep but I knew that I had to leave for school in half an hour so at this point in time sleeping wasn't option, then mum called down the hall and reminded me that I had the orthodontist at 9:10 which meant I could have another two hours of laying in my pyjamas in bed scrolling on my laptop, this news was honestly one of the best things I've heard in a long time.
I spent the next few hours watching all my favourite youtubers new videos and then got into my school uniform before going to the orthodontist. The orthodontist is by no means fun (people drilling away at my teeth while asking how schools going is not my idea of a good experience) but each appointment brings me one step closer to getting my braces off so I struggle through the pain.
Unfortunately my orthodontist gave me some news no teenage girl wants to hear… I'm probably not going to get my braces off before my year 12 ball :'(. I didn't take this news very well but I did manage to keep it together until I got into the car where I started to cry saying over and over to my Mum "I don't even want to go to the ball anymore!!". To make me feel a bit better mum said we could stop over in a little shopping area and have a coffee before going back to school.
We went into a cafe called Cantina. I ordered a hot chocolate and mum got a cappuccino, we also shared a savoury muffin which btw was deleicious. I then spotted the absolute cutest ice cream shop ever, I was so sad that it was closed but I took a picture none the less because I couldn't resist sharing the cuteness with you all.
Mum and I then looked in a few different shops (I was in no rush to go back to school haha). I found the cutest scarf ever, it was super warm and cozy but I left my purse at home so I had to say farewell to one of the best scarves I have ever seen. We went into a store called Seed (I think) and they had such lovely clothes and accessories, I just wanted my whole wardrobe to be their clothing!
To lift my spirits about the ball (after my orthodontist had shattered them) Mum said we could go and look in a ball dress store, I was beyond excited because almost all of my friends had been to look and seen some lovely dresses. The first store we went to sadly let me down, they had a lot of dresses but personally I didn't find any of them appealing, they were very basic and poorly made for a ridiculous price. For a first ball dress shopping experience it wasn't the best but at least I know where not to go.
I got in the car a little deflated because I was so excited to go and see some pretty dresses and I had no energy to go into school. It was about 12 o'clock and I would have only had two classes left by the time I got to school, I actually managed (for once) to convince Mum to give me the rest of the day off. We went home first, Mum went on the computer while I cleaned my room and changed out of my uniform (which there was no point putting on in the first place), and then we went to Mt Hawthorn to see if they had any places with some ball dresses (*hint* they did).
We looked around at a few different stores until I stumbled upon Styled By Bella, this is a boutique shop that hires out and sells ball & party dresses. All the dresses were beautiful! I tried on a few and found a floor length fully sequinned champagne ball dress which I loved but at my school we have our ball at the end of January (which in Australia is absolutely boiling!!) and this dress was made of very thick material and had long sleeves so I decided to wait and think about it for a while and go to different stores and try on some other dresses.
I then went home and watched gossip girl, I'm obsessed with this show at the moment (I know I'm a bit late to the party haha), I've almost finished season one and I know it won't take me long to finish all the seasons. I was really tired from walking around all day so my afternoon was pretty chilled which was a nice change from the normal stress of homework and study.
I really hope you enjoyed reading about my pretty eventful day. I will talk to you all again very soon!!


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Cubes: Take a Musical Tour of Morris+King Public Relations
We've always suspected most PR folks are just frustrated Broadway stars, able to trot out the old song and dance in a pinch. But we've never had conclusive proof until now.
In the latest episode of Cubes, we show you the New York offices of Morris + King public relations. Lead partner and co-principal Judith R. King takes the mediabistroTV crew on a musical journey featuring chairs from the Stella Solaris cruise ship and 1970s French jumbo jets, specially chosen chandeliers and offices painted any color you like as long as its blue.
You can view our other MediabistroTV productions on our YouTube Channel.


text: To mark our 40th Anniversary in Asia, we are delighted to announce our celebratory Evening Sale, which has been carefully curated to present over 60 works of art of superb quality from 20th Century Chinese Art, Contemporary Asian Art and Modern & Contemporary Southeast Asian Art. This auction promises to be a fitting and memorable anniversary celebration. We look forward to sharing this extraordinary event with you!


text: The 2017 Band Banquet is scheduled for Friday, May 5th at 7:00 PM in the PHS Cafeteria. Doors will open at 6:30 PM. Come out and join us as we recognize our seniors, thank our dedicated music staff, and congratulate everyone on a great year! Please RSVP here by May 1st so that we have a count of how many are coming. Cost is only $5 per person – payment at the door.


text:
Fun Times at the Wedding Show
We had an awesome time meeting so many great couples at The Wedding Show this weekend in Green Bay! During the show we offered special discounts and bonuses to potential wedding photography couples who loved our style.
Did you miss the show? Watch the video to learn how to take advantage of extended show specials!
Free Engagement Session Giveaway!
We also are giving away several free engagement sessions to couples who spoke with us and entered at the show. If you missed the wedding show but still want a chance to win with us, here's how you can enter! Enter to win a free engagement session!
Contact Us!
Contact us to schedule a consultation–we can't wait to meet you!


text:
A striking and timeless emerald cut diamond ring featuring a remarkable 35.05 carat D flawless diamond. Its sleek, architectural setting featuring baguette cut shoulder stones complement the strong and sharp lines of the central stone; a commanding and eternally classic jewel.
35.05 carat D Flawless emerald cut diamond ring (37.11 carats) Code: GR34432


text:
Our Firm
Alpha Capital is a strategic financial and M&A advisory firm that has been providing investment banking services since its establishment in 2005. Our principals have been established industry members since 1983, have provided valuable advice on proposed legislation and have been featured in the media. We add value to our clients by utilizing our extensive industry contacts, knowledge and experience.
Our firm has provided reliable valuation for transactions, coordinated mergers and acquisitions and arranged financing. We have serviced transactions involving some of the most recognized participants in their respective industries, including American Express, ConAgra and Time Warner.
Our experience has allowed us to foster relationships the largest bulge bracket firms as well as numerous middle market private equity firms, law firms and other M&A advisors. Over the years we have developed a reputation for quality, independence and reliability that is well respected in our field.
Alpha Capital is pleased to have an alliance with DeBere Capital Partners in London. DeBere is an award-winning corporate finance boutique focused on raising capital for growth companies and alternative funds. DeBere was named Strategic Capital Raising Investment Boutique of the Year, March 17, 2015. DeBere Partners also won the Acquisition International Magazine Rising Star of the Year Award (Capital Raising and Best Institutional Fund Provider) at the 2013 International Hedge Fund Awards.


text:
Photo: Frances Janisch
How to Make It
Heat grill to medium. Arrange 4 of the tortillas on a cutting board. Arrange the mozzarella and tomatoes on the tortillas, leaving a 1-inch border empty. Season with 1/2 teaspoon of the salt and the pepper and top with the remaining tortillas. In a medium bowl, combine the basil, pine nuts, oil, and the remaining salt; set aside. Cook the quesadillas around the perimeter of the grill until the cheese melts and the tortillas are crisp and golden, about 2 minutes per side. Immediately cut the quesadillas into wedges and serve with the basil salad.
Tip: Instead of grilling the quesadillas, try broiling them. Arrange them on a baking sheet and broil, turning once, until the cheese melts and the tortillas are golden brown.


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1.3 Environmental and economic aspects
As well as considering various types of industrial food packaging and their application, this book also briefly examines related areas such as re-cycling and economic aspects of the use of different materials.
With the increasing use of plastic packaging the whole subject of damage to the environment is becoming of increasing concern One main problem is that plastic packaging is invariably cheaper than alternatives such as glass. If glass is given a monetary value of 10, then tins cost 6 to 8 units while plastic costs 3 to 8. The shift to plastic, at the present time, therefore appears unstoppable. However re-cycling and re-use of packaging can not only generate jobs and wealth but save energy and help to protect the environment A study carried out in Thailand, for example states that it would be possible to set up a $40 million a year industry based on recycling paper, cardboard and plastics.
In its final section this book considers some economic aspects of packaging changes. Not only must the direct cost of the pack be thought about but other associated costs such as equipment and training. Economic choices can be difficult and complicated. A glass container for example, is more expensive than a tin can. It can, however, be re-used, which may in the long run make it cheaper. The manufacturer would need to think about how many times the same bottle could be re-used, the costs of collection and costs involved in washing and preparing the returned bottles.
[Ukrainian] [English] [Russian]


text:
The University of Leeds Business School is accepting applications for their Doctoral Scholarships. There are a number of fully funded places for 2017 entry. The Business School will be offering a total of six Doctoral Scholarships across our academic divisions… Read More ›
Full-time MBA Scholarships and Bursaries 2017 for national and international students -Henley Business School University of Reading in UK -Application Deadline: 30 June 2017
Henley Business School is currently offering Full-time MBA Scholarships for September 2017 intake. Both national and international students are eligible to apply for these scholarships. This is to empower individuals to become great professionals and outstanding business leaders who… Read More ›
PhD Fellow (3 years) in materials science – NordForsk project FunHy Denmark, Sweden and Norway Application Deadline: 08 March 2017
The PhD Fellow will work in the framework of the project titled "FunHy – Neutrons for multi-functional hydrides" funded by the Nordic Neutron Sceince Programme of NordFrosk. This project is collaboration between Aarhus University (Denmark), Uppsala and Stockholm University (Sweden) and… Read More ›
PhD Studentship in Inertial sensors and lattices for Quantum Technology University of Sussex – The School of Mathematical & Physical Sciences. Placed on: 9 January 2017 – Closes: 1 September 2017
The Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Group in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at the University of Sussex is offering a 3.5 year PhD positions to UK/EU and international students. The scholarship covers current UK/EU fees and a yearly… Read More ›
St Mary's University (London) International Student Scholarships: September 2017 Entry Application deadline 21 May 2017.
St Mary's University is offering about 15 international Student Scholarships for new, full-time undergraduate and postgraduate taught degree students. The scholarships are open to prospective full-time students in any subject area. Note that St Mary's University is a Catholic university in the… Read More ›
Brunel University London, UK MSc Oil & Gas scholarship for UK/EU and international students 2017/18 Application deadline – throughout the year and awarded on a first-come-first-served basis
Brunel University London is offering scholarships worth 50% of the tuition fee for full time applicants for this course starting in September 2017/18, which will be £4,250 fee waiver for full time UK/EU students and £8,750 for full time International students…. Read More ›
Engineering Geology Scholarship for International Students: award up to £19,750 University of Leeds Deadline for International applications: 1 April 2017 Deadline for UK/EU applications: 1 May 2017
The School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds is offering one scholarship worth up to £19,750, to an international student of outstanding ability, achievement and potential – undertaking a full-time Masters in Engineering Geology. For more information on the… Read More ›
Brunel University London Scholarships for International Students 2017 UK Application Deadline: 31 May 2017
Brunel University London currently offers number of scholarships for international students. The scholarships are available for pursuing undergraduate, postgraduate and research programme in 2017. The university's goal is to provide over £110,000 of financial support to students. Scholarship holders will… Read More ›
University of Brighton New Postgraduate Scholarships for International Students, 2017/2018 Application deadline depends on the type of programme.
The University of Brighton is offering a number of scholarships available to both new international students and international Brighton graduates who are progressing to further study. Scholarships are attainable at the University. The aim of the postgraduate scholarship is to enable… Read More ›
Transport Scholarships for International Students: University of Leeds: The Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) – Application Deadline 22 June 2017
The Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds is offering scholarships funding 50% of the tuition fees (each worth £8,875) to international students who undertake one of the following Transport Masters degrees on a full-time basis: MSc Mathematical Modelling… Read More ›


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Home > YJLH > Vol. 5 > Iss. 2 (1993)
No mere appendix to the Constitution, the Thirteenth Amendment reframed the nation. But if the nation emerged from its crucible founded anew, who were its new founders? I will argue that it makes a moral difference to whom we credit our "new birth of freedom" and that credit is due the slaves.
Recognizing the slaves as framers might change the implications we find in the Thirteenth Amendment, making it a more potent weapon in the arsenal of civil rights advocates. But my present purpose is neither to explicate the values of the slaves, nor to apply those values to Thirteenth Amendment issues, nor to calculate the benefits to anyone of so applying them. The instrumental value to us of any interpretation of the Thirteenth Amendment depends on the prior question of how we define ourselves and our interests. My present argument goes to this prior question by urging contemporary Americans to define themselves as political descendants of the slaves.
Recommended Citation
Guyora Binder,
Did the Slaves Author the Thirteenth Amendment? An Essay in Redemptive History,
Yale J.L. & Human.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol5/iss2/8


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Years back, when the Super Nintendo and Nintendo GameCube ruled the roost, Nintendo's president at the time, Howard Lincoln, was often quoted as saying, "The name of the game is the game." What he meant was simply that game machines are nothing without solid games. After all, it's great content that drives movie studios, television channels, and yes, even game machines.
The jaw-dropping trailer for the Wii U "Zelda" game.
For our second day at E3, we turned our attention toward the games. These are the games that you'll be playing this holiday and into next year. So as we ducked into booth after booth of eye-popping graphics and sounds, we gathered a list of what we think will be the mega-hits of holidays to come. These are the games blowing the crowds away today, and soon they'll be wowing you:
Nintendo's All-Stars
If E3 is rolling into town, that means you can almost set your watch to the appearance of a certain plumber. That's right; Mario's back, and he's bringing with him Nintendo's stable of franchise characters, Kirby, Link, Kid Icarus…yes, that's right, Kid Icarus flies again. As will Wii U HD versions of Zelda, Mario and your other favorites.
You can even use a stylus to draw or control a character from the Wii U pad.
Not a Nintendo fan? Discount Nintendo if you will, but Nintendo's Wii has outsold the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in a shorter amount of time (over 50 million Wiis have been sold to date), and it's all thanks to Nintendo's stable of well-known all-stars. For gamers, it's great to see these characters final enter the high-def age. A short video trailer of a new Zelda Wii U game made thumbs twitch uncontrollably.
Microsoft Sells Kinect & Hardcore Game Experiences
Motion gaming has been a pox on the games industry since the introduction of the Wii. Sure, the Wii-mote is cool… sure, it's easy to use and even grandma loves it…but Wii games lack depth and replay value. (When was the last time you cracked open "Wii Resort"?)
Do you really want to stand up in front of your TV for hours playing "Portal 2" when you can sit down and play? We didn't think so, but Microsoft does as they seemingly try to integrate Kinect into every game you'll be playing on your Xbox. OK, so maybe we're going a bit overboard, but there were a lot of Kinect games. Games such as "Kinect Disneyland Adventures," where you can explore Disneyland without leaving the comfort of your home.
Shepard's story will finally come to conclusion in "Mass Effect 3."
We were more drawn to new additions to the "Halo" franchise: "Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary" a "Halo 1" remake. And even more exciting, the arrival of "Halo 4" the first game in a new trilogy. Other awesome games we're looking forward to on the Xbox 360? "SSX" a reboot of the snowboarding classic and Bioware's "Mass Effect 3."
Sony's Software and The Best of the Rest
Aside from the games for the PlayStation Vita, PS3 "Tomb Raider" fans will be excited to hear a young Laura Croft is returning to your console – this time in an open-world adventure that plays like a cross between "Just Cause 2" and "Grand Theft Auto." Ubisoft's "Rayman: Origins" scored major points in the "most beautiful game" category but will have to share that honor with "From Dust," the sleeper hit of e3 2011. "Unchartered 3" and "Batman: Arkham City" just scored major cool points, but both were already on our must-buy list. Finally, there was "Bioshock Infinite," a game that takes us high above the watery world we've been used to.
Don't Just Play Video Games – Make Them
Every title being announced this week in Los Angeles represents the work of many creative professionals who come together like an army to bring your favorite game vividly to life. Each of those careers starts with expert training, like the kind students will receive this summer at Digital Media Academy.
DMA offers a wide range of one-week and two-week-long courses in the creation of video games that speak to different ages and levels of expertise. Digital Media Academy's list of video game summer camps is extensive and comprehensive, and each program is taught by a games industry professional, like the ones at E3.
"From Dust" is a god-game that lets you create an entire world from scratch.
From great introductory courses for kids (like Adventures in 2D & 3D Video Game Creation & Game Modding) to 3D Game Creation in Level Design and Character Design, to even more advanced programs for teens (courses that teach you how to develop games for Google Android devices, how to develop games for the Internet and how to develop games for the iPhone), DMA has a video-game creation program that fits every interests. Don't just play video games – this summer learn to make them.
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text:
Scottish Nation
an eminent physiological writer, was the fifteenth child and seventh
son of George Comb or Combe, brewer at Livingston's Yards, (a small
property lying under the south-west angle of Edinburgh castle) and
Marion Newton, of the Newtons of Curriehill, his wife, and was born
there on 27th October 1797. He received the elementary part
of his education under a Mr. Brown, one of the town's teachers, who
kept a school in Frederick street, and afterwards went to the high
school. In October 1810 he entered the university of Edinburgh, and
attended the Greek and Latin classes for the next two college
sessions. In 1812 he was bound apprentice to Mr. Henry Johnston,
surgeon in Edinburgh, and after attending the medical classes passed
surgeon in 1817. He subsequently pursued his studies at Paris, and,
after a visit to Switzerland and Lombardy, returned to Edinburgh,
where, on 22d February 1820, he was one of the four individuals who
founded the Phrenological Society, his brother, George Combe, being
another. He subsequently, on account of his health, went to Italy, and
there and in France remained for about two years. He returned to
Edinburgh in the summer of 1822, and soon after entered upon practice.
The first of his printed essays was one "on the effects of injuries of
the brain upon the manifestations of the mind," which was read before
the Phrenological Society, and subsequently published in their
Transactions. Subsequently he contributed several essays to the
Phrenological Journal, as well as to the British and Foreign Medical
Review. Having become a member of the Royal Medical Society of
Edinburgh, an essay on phrenology written by him, was read before that
society, in November 1823, and gave rise to some unpleasant discussion
at the time, the opposition to that science being very strongly shown
by the members on the occasion. In 1825 he took the degree of M.D. in
reply to an able and eloquent article of Mr. Jeffrey in the Edinburgh
Review against phrenology, Dr. Combe in the following year furnished
an essay "on Size as a measure of power" to the Phrenological Journal.
In 1831 he published a work on mental derangement, which received the
approbation of the profession and had a rapid sale. In the same year,
in consequence of a second attack of pulmonary disease, he proceeded
to Paris, and thence by Marseilles to Naples, and after visiting Rome,
he returned to Edinburgh and resumed practice. In 1834 appeared his
principal work, 'On Physiology applied to health and education,' In
January 1836, on the recommendation of Dr. (afterwards Sir James)
Clark, he was appointed physician to the king of the Belgians, but in
a few months was obliged to resign his appointment from bad health. He
dedicated his work on Physiology to his majesty King Leopold, and in
March 1838, he was appointed one of the physicians extraordinary for
the queen in Scotland, an office of honour, but without duties or
emolument. Owing to increased bad health he subsequently made two
voyages to Madeira, where he resided for some time. In April 1847 he
sailed for New York, and after visiting Philadelphia he returned home
in the subsequent June, and died at Gorgie Mill, near Edinburgh, 9th
August of that year. His Life and Correspondence by his brother,
George Combe, was published at Edinburgh in 1850, with a portrait.
Dr. Combe's
works are:
Principles of Physiology applied to the preservation of health, and to
the improvement of physical and mental education. Edin. 1834. 13th
edition, 1850, post 8vo.
Physiology of Digestion considered with relation to the principles of
Dietetics. Edin. 1836. Ninth edition; edited and adapted to the
present state of physiological and chemical science by James Coxe,
M.D., crown, 8vo, 1850.
A Treatise
on the Physiological and Moral Management of Infancy; being a
practical exposition of the principles of infant training. Edin. 1839.
7th edition, crown 8vo, 1850.
and Observations on the Gastric Juice and Physiology of Digestion; by
William Beaumont, M.D., Surgeon to the United States army. Reprinted
with Notes by Andrew Combe, M.D., 1 vol. post 8vo. Edin.
its Nature and Uses. An Address to the Students of Anderson's
University, at the opening of Dr. Weir's first course of Lectures on
Phrenology in that Institution, 8vo.
See SUPPLEMENT.
Return to The Scottish Nation Index Page
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Victoria's iconic Hermann's Jazz Club and the entire building it occupies is up for sale. The estate of the late Hermann Nieweler, who died in June 2015, has found it has to the sell the building and by extension, the club.
Hermann's Jazz Club has been in Victoria for 35 years hosting shows from world renowned jazz musicians all the way to local middle school jazz bands. An effort to preserve the legacy of the venue and continue to run it as a jazz club has begun with the creation of the Jazz on View Society. The society was formed to save specifically the club and they have concluded the best way to save it is to purchase the building which also was home to the short-lived Yuk Yuk's Comedy Club in the upper floor.
The Jazz on View Society is working to raise $3-million in pledges to purchase the property and run the jazz club. Pledges would only be called when there is a deal in place, enough pledges been raised and once arrangements have been made to make donations qualify for a charitable tax receipt. The society's mandate is to "secure the all-ages performance venue (753 View Street, Victoria, BC) and to continue its tradition of all ages live music performance, in a way that is sustainable, advances the public's appreciation of the arts, and contributes to the commerce of the arts."
The society is currently in negotiations with Nieweler's estate and a fundraising concert was held Monday February 13, 2017 and raised upwards of $50,000 in pledges. It is unknown what the deadline for a possible purchase is at this time.
For more information about the Jazz on View Society and their efforts to save Hermann's Jazz Club go to jazzonview.com or follow their progress on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram


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Away from the unsympathetic critical gaze of fellow humans, most Bengalis quietly battle towering language challenges. For example, consider the times we need to rush to the bar at a party and gasp 'gobet' when the entire world is questioning the necessity of adding potatoes to biryani. Or when we are struggling to describe a friend's fiance without sounding exceedingly uncharitable and 'kyabla' seems just perfect. Oh, and every single, painful time, we realise it would be so much easier if everyone learnt the word 'nyaka' instead of splashing around a cocktail of words like 'pretentious', 'dramatic', 'attention seeking' etc.
Since life is a sum of half-satisfying and satisfying bitching episodes, the absence of a consummate language can be very daunting. That is perhaps why Bengalis, on spotting fellow Bengalis in a place where the language is rare to come by, occasionally launch onto what may seem like a tirade in alienspeak to others.
Okay, make that often.
Actually, it's every bloody time.
And between shrieking 'oma, Bangali?' to firmly concluding that Old Monk is the best 'maal' (alcohol) in the world, we have also managed to piss off everyone from colleagues, flatmates and even the bartender (who we take to calling 'dada' after two drinks). And I have not even gotten to the most fascinating bit of this story. The one where we conclude that the reasons why everyone around is annoyed with us, are usually a bad stomach or general 'non-Bengali' intolerance.
And between shrieking 'oma, Bangali?' to firmly concluding that Old Monk is the best 'maal' (alcohol) in the world, we have also managed to piss off everyone from colleagues, flatmates and even the bartender.
It is never us, nope. After all, you need to be dreadfully choleric to not appreciate the lyrical flourish of 'nyaka' or the precision of 'bere paka' (precocious and silly), right? As much as my heart, and its allegiance to the mother tongue, wants to say yes, the answer's no.
Recently, I clicked on a Quora question that exasperatedly wondered, 'Why are Bengalis so proud of Kolkata?'. With words like 'deemer devil', beguni' and 'egg tarka' hovering on my finger tips, I opened the link only to find myself partially in agreement with said critic of my city.
One of his accusations was this: "Its like being in another country. For example Montreal is French speaking part of Canada where people expect you to understand French. Same in Kolkata where people in workplace expect you to know Bengali." Though the unnamed person goes on to suggest a north India versus Bengal battle, that probably exists only in his imagination, it is not difficult to see what has spurred him into jumping into these sweeping conclusions.
Anyone who has lived and worked in Kolkata will attest the fact that even in the most professional spaces, Bengalis, since they are in a majority, tend to speak in their mother tongue. My friend Kanav Bakshi, a business analyst from Rajouri (Jammu&Kashmir), recounted how alienating it was for him to not know Bengali at work. "When I joined Cognizant a lot of people were not open to talking in English or Hindi. Most of meetings were also conducted in Bengali. I used to request them to speak in English/Hindi – while some were polite enough to switch most of them continued in Bengali. However, this changed once we became friends," he told me.
Another friend, a media professional who was based out of Delhi, till very recently, recounted a similar experience in a Delhi office where a majority of the members of her team were Bengalis. "Most people were Bengali so they'd switch over to Bangla during meetings... It was very alienating for the non-Bongs... especially the junior ones. Very few people like my boss and I replied in English/ Hindi when spoken to in Bangla," Aditi Jain, who worked in an advertising agency recounted.
In a Reddit thread discussing racism faced by people from the north East, someone pointed out, how in a hostel, Bengalis often spoke in their mother tongue despite people of other ethnicities being present with them and around them.
Now, it's kind of difficult for a Bengali to come up with a convincing English replacement for say 'dhhur chhai' - a word we use in times of extreme disappointment, irritation or even sadness, depending on the intonation. And in our heads, it is nearly tyrannical to expect us to forgo the satisfaction of the word and settle for 'oh, shucks' instead. Or even 'screw it'. But imagine, for a person, who knows neither 'dhur' nor 'chhai', it may seem like he or she is in the vicinity of cassette, whose tape has gotten stuck in the player, right? It could be as baffling as what 'Hamma Hamma' means in everyone's favourite Bombay song.
But, instead of acknowledging that, the Quora thread robustly argued that Kolkata is a city to be proud of. Of the various reasons offered, were pictures of roshomalai, biryani and puchka. Some others contended that we have College Street, without quite explaining how that would be of comfort to a fellow who doesn't get Bengali.
Another user argued, "The young 'anarchist' jholawala bearded guy - Ask him about the origin of languages. He will tell you everything about the origin of Indo-Aryan languages. He will finish with a poetry from Tulsidas or Kabir." Unless, Google walks the streets of Kolkata in said human form, that's as sweeping and inaccurate a statement as saying 'nothing moves in Kolkata'.
Yet another user, firmly declared that if Bengalis are indeed speaking in Bengali around a person who doesn't understand the language, it is because they don't want him/her to be a part of the discussion. Because that is a completely fair thing to do. Suppose they are discussing the best way to cook hilsa and you don't know what it is, what's the point of acknowledging you exist at the moment, at that place, right? "Which workplace have you been to? Education? Jobs? If there are people of this generation, they will speak in English mostly. If they speak with you, it'll be in a language you know. If they are speaking among themselves in a language you do not know, rest assured you are not meant to hear it," is his robust defence.
Over all, majority of the commenters, refused to acknowledge that it is even a legitimate problem. If I were to be speaking in Bengali, I could have dismissed all these contentions as 'dhop' (a very juicy word for 'lie').
Without comparing how mother tongue enthusiasts of other languages fare, we can safely say that Bengali words tumble out of our mouths, despite our best intentions, when we spot another speaker of the language
Without comparing how mother tongue enthusiasts of other languages fare, we can safely say that Bengali words tumble out of our mouths, despite our best intentions, when we spot another speaker of the language. At least, that's the case with a majority of us, lovers and practitioners of the language. It's not always meant to alienate -- me and my friend spent a considerable amount of time promoting the usage of 'ekta ghushi marbo' as a friendly threat among our former colleagues in Bombay -- but it does often seem like that.
There are two ways to address this. One, don't warble in Bengali amid speakers of other languages. If you are beyond repair like me, and find the idea as terrifying as consuming fish fry made from a dreary basa, and not beckti, try subtitling what you're saying.
So suppose Bengali friend has got you a gift, hold back, 'ki mishti tui' till you have uttered, 'you're so sweet'. Or while articulating your boss' tyrannies, say, 'what's this tyranny' after your have blurted out 'ki ottyachar!'. Trust me, you're going to forget to translate every now and then. And please, if you spot three people rolling their eyes around you, please don't wave a picture of Howrah Bridge at them like some of those Quora users. It matters as much to them as vada pav does to you.
And if nice-ness is not your thing, for the sake of the dignity of gorgeous words such as 'kyalane' (idiot), 'jompesh' (awesome) and 'barabari (overdoing, over-reacting), don't shower them on and around people who don't get them. Those words don't deserve to be eye-rolled at for your indiscretion.


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Vintage 70-80's L.L.Bean Canvas Boat & Tote-Kelly Green
- Rare vintage late 70's - 80's Original L.L. Bean Tote & Boat canvas tote bag.
- Wear and tear over the years, but still in very good condition overall. The perfect amount of vintage patina.
- 18'-20' in. wide laid flat - 14'in. deep
- Originally made in Maine, USA.


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Used Cars for Sale in Maitland, FL
Not all Maitland, Orlando, or Winter Park shoppers are looking for brand-new vehicles. At Peacock Ford, we have a vast selection of used cars for you to choose from. With used vehicles from our dealer, you can always count on quality, affordability, and the satisfaction you deserve.
No matter your on-road lifestyle, we invite you to browse our selection of pre-owned cars today. We have something for everyone here at our Central Florida Ford dealership, and we're happy to help hook you up!
Our Used Car Inventory
What are the benefits of shopping pre-owned vehicles with us? For one, you can reap the rewards of such a wide cross-section of cars. From sedans and SUVs to crossovers, trucks, and minivans, we have it all here on our lot.
You'll find plenty of used Ford cars, but we also carry pre-owned models from other major manufacturers. Our inventory changes daily, but if you're looking for a used Chevrolet, Honda, Jeep, Nissan, Toyota, Ram, or even a Mercedes-Benz, check back and see what we have in store!
As you browse our used inventory, you may want to look through our pre-owned specials. They're a great way to save on select used vehicles at our dealership.
Shop Our Used Cars in Central Florida Today!
Ready to start shopping? We have lots of used cars to choose from, but we've made it easy to navigate our used inventory online. Just use the search tool sidebar to narrow down your options by make, model, body style, color, and other factors.
When you have some cars that you'd like to learn more about, reach out to the team at Peacock Ford. We can help you schedule a test drive. Take your favorites for a spin and see what feels right for the roads of Maitland, Orlando, and Winter Park!
Plus tax, tag, title, $199 doc fee and $799 dealer fee.


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Depeche Mode have unveiled a studio performance of new single 'Heaven'.
Hear that rumbling in the distance? Depeche Mode are plotting their return. New album 'Delta Machine' will be released later this year, with upcoming single 'Heaven' already unveiled to the delight of fans.
Tours are being drawn up, press releases are being signed off and Depeche Mode are simply biding their time. This morning (February 20th) the band decided to give fans a treat, by unveiling a new studio performance of 'Heaven'.
A typically blistering, muscular performance this is about as close as we're going to get to the live experience for the time being. Introduced with crisp, near machine like drumming the song builds in an epic fashion with Dave Gahan delivering an impassioned vocal which touches on gospel.
Watch the clip below.
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ClashMusic have already heard 'Delta Machine' - to read our thoughts click HERE.
'Delta Machine' is set to be released on March 25th.


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Staying Cool at Kodomonokuni
by Pearl
After sending various family and friends to Kodomonokuni Park, I finally got to explore it myself with the kiddos. It was a hot summer day in the middle of the hot summer.
We opted to skip the crowded pool but the strollers outside and people in were evidence of how truly hot the day was.
Instead the kids played in the stream and fountain with Avia.
There was even a waterfall to climb.
A couple former students who lived close by joined us and we tried to stay cool together.
Even with the heat, green was all around!
Posted by Pearl at 5:19 PM
Labels: Grandparents, Japan


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All-party meet likely on cable TV content: Soni
New Delhi: Government today said it was open to the idea of holding an all-party meeting on the issue of regulating contents on cable TV but maintained that a `fatwa` or a direction will not help serve the purpose.
A draft Broadcasting Services Regulation Bill has been put on the website and a final bill could be brought for consideration of Parliament after the stipulated time provided to get feedback from various stakeholders is over, Information and Broadcasting Minister Ambika Soni said during Question Hour in the Lok Sabha.
She said an ordinance can be promulgated if the House does not want to evolve a consensus or take into consideration the views of those who would be affected.
Soni said it was important to get the views of those who would be affected by the bill as "media is a sensitive matter, no matter what we say."
She said without discussion, any "fatwa based on law" or direction on the subject will not help.
The minister said a Group of Ministers on media has been set up and some of her cabinet colleagues have started an open debate on the issue.
"We are getting views. After collating the views, we want to bring a law which is beyond the self-regulatory body that has been set up…I have no objections if a law is made after an all-party meeting is convened by the Prime Minister in which views of everyone are taken in writing," she said.
Soni said as a mother and a grandmother, she was herself "worried" at the contents being shown on TV channels.
The minister said a two-tier self-regulatory system is in place to monitor the contents on TV channels. Under the first tier, the channels themselves check the output, while tier two consists of a regulatory mechanism comprising a 13-member body.
She said 300 complaints have been received by the body since June last year and their replies have been sent.
Monetary fine was imposed on one channel, she said.
As per the eligibility criteria envisaged in the Guidelines for Uplinking and Downlinking of TV channels, only companies registered under the Company`s Act are eligible for grant of permission and state governments.
As such, they are not eligible to seek such permission, Soni added.


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Maybe you haven't read the New York Magazine article by Jennifer Senior yet. Or maybe you have, seeing-as-how it's been quite the buzz around the blogosphere. Essentially, once you peel away some of the condescension and inflammatory zingers like "Why Parents Hate Parenting" -which by the way I don't always disagree with- it's a poignant and very relevant -if long winded- article (I could have done with out the creepy shirtless dad in need of a chest waxing photo myself).
Does being a parent cut down on our happiness quotient? Were we sold a bill of goods by the procreation posse; brain washed to think that they only true happiness comes when we impart our wisdom, pour out our worries and heap our savings accounts upon our off spring?
I'll admit there are days when I, like Harper, "trawl" my cabinets (or rather my tre chic globe shaped bar) in search of liquid coping skills. That said, I can recall days when I did the same after a really crappy day at work, BTS (Before The Spawning).
Senior puts the "scientific" research by big brained folk at revered institutions up there for the reader to take as they will. I for one don't buy anything from those lab nerds. Heck they keep telling us drinking is bad, then good, and continue to waffle between the two, as though they were DRINKING! How does one scientifically prove another person's happiness level? Happiness is a fleeting thing, is it not? I mean I can have a great moment in a day, one that fills me joy and IS FUN, but still have an over all crappy day.
Are kids the cause? Some days. Other days it's the husband, mother-in-law or my own demons rearing their ugly heads. Do I have days where I feel like I've been swallowed by parenting and will never emerge with a sense of self let alone a coherent sentence? … um that would be MOST days. On the flip side though I have several friends who are childless either by design or fate who also feel consumed by things outside of who the see themselves as, be that work, relationships or life in general.
Is parenting expensive, hard, often thankless work that sucks the life out of me making me want to run screaming naked into the streets with my hair on fire? Sometimes. Is there a militia militant parents out there hell bent on programing us to bow down to their idea of right and happy? YES! Does that mean that I don't find happiness in being a parent and an equal part of longing for things I've given up to do so? No. Would I trade being a parent to get that happiness? AbsoFREAKINGlutely NOT! Never underestimate joy people. Don't discount the fun in sitting on the floor with a toddler, a coloring book and crayons or dancing your ass off in the stands at a U2 concert with your teenager. I am a parent. I am a person. I am complicated, exhausted, fulfilled, unfulfilled, appreciated, ignored and some days so filled with the joy of just being that yes, indeed I just may be a little happy.
Please read the article and give me YOUR thoughts


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{Vendor Spotlight}: The French Vue
One of the most important things for your wedding is to find a good photographer. Not only should they be talented and have a unique photography style, they should be able to have a connection with you, so he or she can capture the most important essence of your special day.
Today, I present you a new talented French photographer in town, Azddin Amdaa from The French Vue . He is one of the great vendors that advertises in our blog and makes it possible for me to bring you a dose of all things "wedding" daily.
Take a look at this beautiful destination wedding with a touch of French style photography.


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The good life of being a pretend 'Aunty' and 'Uncle'
Posted on
I don't know if you're like me , but I have so many children in my life - and they all call me 'Aunty' Catrin. I'm not related to any of them, but my friendship with the new mum or dad means that i get an honorary badge of 'Aunty' - and Paul therefore an 'Uncle'! We are just at that age now where everyone around us are getting married and raising families, and we are so happy to be part of the little families lives.
Today, one of my best friends gave birth to a second daughter, another pretend niece to add to my collection, and I am over-joyed with this increase in my collection! In the last six months alone, I have become an 'Aunty' to three baby boys and two baby girls. I cannot wait to be part of their lives as they grow from being babies to being good little children.
All these babies in our lives are so valuable to us, not ony because they enrichen our lives, but because we learn so much from them, and we learn from our friends who are parents who are mothers and fathers. From the first visit, we get a sneak preview into the world of a new parent, what they need, which clothing sizes are most appropriate, which material is best, we are constantly picking up tips, and we are so grateful to our friends for their inspiration!
So, if you have a tip you would like to share, we are more than happy to consider any suggestion when it comes to Daffodili - that includes what kind of items you would like to see on the website. Please email [email protected] we will consider anything!
Thank you - Catrin


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My MusicBox Offers Baby Music Classes To Boost Your Child's Brain Development
Your child's brain is constantly receiving information and learning how to process it. My MusicBox is designed to target the entire brain through original songs, lyrics to read along with and educational activity cards. The songs and images that we use, contain artwork that is progressive so not only is it different and unique every time you play with your child, but it is constantly teaching counting, progression and a routine.


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When early Christians would pray, they would cross their arms and touch each shoulder with the opposite hand. They also fasted very strictly during lent, making their bread with only water, flour, and salt. A monk shaped this in the form of praying arms for children, and the pretzel was born! To read more about the religious history of the pretzel and for the pretzel prayer, check out Catholic Culture's pretzel page.
Soft Pretzel Recipe~ What you need:
- 1 package yeast
- 1 1/2 cups warm water
- 1 tablespoon sugar
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 4 cups flour
- 1 egg
- extra salt for the tops- large salt works best!
Mix your yeast, water, sugar, and salt in a large bowl. Stir in the flour, and knead until the dough is smooth. Shape into the form of arms crossed in prayer and place it on a baking sheet. Brush the dough with a beaten egg to give it a shiny finish (I skipped the egg on mine). Sprinkle the top with salt, and bake in an oven preheated to 425 degrees for 15 minutes.
Here they are all baked!
All printable pages are my own artwork and are free for any not-for-profit use by individuals, families, or educational organizations. Copies may not be sold or reproduced for profit. If you'd like to post this project for others to find, I would ask that you link to my post and rather than my individual downloads. When printing or running copies, please do not remove my website from the bottom of the page. Thanks!


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Verdant Industry Newsletter
Verdant periodically sends out newsworthy information on the crop agricultural industry, notices of recent transactions, and other informative articles that may be pertinent or of interest to you. If you are interested in receiving theses updates, please fill out the form below to receive updates for the specific region or regions that are most relevant to your organization. Thank you for your interest.