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Sony Entertainment sued Azam Gever claiming copyright infringement and unjust enrichment, alleging that Gever's computer shop "McKan Computers" on the main road through Osefiya sold fake disks with games for the Sony Playstation console.
In his defense, Gever claimed to be ignorant of the fact that the disks he was selling were not originals. If Gever could successfully convince that he was unwittingly distributing fake disks, he would not be held responsible. If, however, this defense collapsed, he would be held responsible for damages.
Sony claimed to have copyright in the Playstation and Playstation 2, and in software for the Playstation. They also claimed to own trademarks 95025 and 95026 for Playstation. Sony Entertainment Europe was responsible for distributing in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the Pacific Rim and franchised distribution rights for the software within those territories, including Israel.
Playstation programs can only be played using the Playstation interface due to special encryption. Any copying, burning to disk of a Playstation game will, inter alia, include copying of the encryption which is copyright infringement of Sony's copyright. Sony claimed that they are in a perpetual war to prevent their software from being pirated, and that they have spent enormous sums in advertising and promoting the console, They have copyright notices on the disks, on the packages, and appearing on screen.
The defendant did not deny selling pirate CDs but denied knowing that they were pirate copies. Sony sent a private investigator to the shop to see what was being sold. The private investigator and his son testified that they were both independently told that the programs were copies, and that the owner had shown a box of bundles of 50 disks, containing 3 or 4 copies of each game. The private investigator testified that he bought five different games at 10 shekels ($2.50) each, paid 50 Shekels and received a tax invoice for 50 Shekels that indicated thatit was for Sony II disks. The private investigator filmed the visit and submitted the footage as an exhibit. The games purchased included Beyond Good and Evil, Dragon's Quest, God's hand, Spy Hunter, and Fifa 2013.
The Plaintiff alleged that inspection of the disks showed clearly that they were fakes that infringed Sony's Copyright since they were not in cardboard packages with shrink-wrapped cellophane or new DVD boxes and did not include instruction booklets. Unlike the originals, the disks did not have pictures on them and were not stamped with Sony's logo and copyright notice. Sony sent a Cease & Desist letter and asked for the pirated disks to be handed over and for accounts to be produced for calculating profits and infringement revenue. The parties were, however, unable to come to an amicable settlement and so this case was filed. In the statement of case, Gever was accused of copying or creating fraudulent copies, selling or offering to sell these in the course of his business, offering to sell and holding fake copies thereby infringing the copyright, without permission of Sony and without compensating Sony.
In addition to the copyright charges, Sony alleged unjust enrichment under the law of Unjust Enrichment 1979 and various trade related torts for damaging Sony's reputation.
Sony sued for compulsory damages of 100,000 Shekels per infringement under Section 56a of the Copyright Law 2007. Claiming years of fraud, Sony requested increased damages of 150,000 Shekels and also applied for an injunction against Gever to prevent him from selling fake disks directly or indirectly.
Gever laconically acknowledged ownership of the shop and that he'd sold programs against the tax invoice, but denied selling or trading in fake software. Gever further alleged that he'd bring expert witness that the software was genuine.
In the preliminary hearing, Gever repeated that the disks were genuine and that he was unaware of "the material". In a second preliminary hearing he again requested to examine the disks. After the parties held a brief discussion, the attorney for the plaintiff stated that the defendant claims that he sells computers, disks is a mere sideline that produces at most, 1% of income and that if it should transpire that the disks are indeed fake, he was unaware of this. In Gever's own statement under cross-examination, he complained that he wasn't warned, that he only sells a handful of disks each month and never claimed that they were originals. His lawyer clarified that the intention was to state that his client was unaware that the disks were not real. Meanwhile, the private investigator testified that there were a number of disks with the name of the program marked in permanent ink and that when discussing Playstation 3, the vendor had stated that copying it was problematic. Gever claimed that there weren't more than 30 disks and that this wasn't a commercial number. He admitted selling computers for 13 years and that he had sold Playstations for at least a decade, but claimed to sell very little software.
Under cross-examination, Gever claimed to obtain and sell original software on a request basis and to sell a handful of fakes each month. Some his brother supplied, some a friend, not sure from where, some he'd copied himself. He denied selling 60 a year, or 600 over the decade. He considered this non-commercial as he had a limited range of maybe 20 games.
The plaintiff requested to correct the statement of case to request 250,000 Shekels damages, alleging that even at the rate of 5 disks a month, this adds up to hundreds of disks over a decade. (I feel a lawyer joke coming on. It seems that neither the judge, not the attorneys were able to do the calculation).
The defendant objected to the sum being corrected. He also alleged that for sales prior to the new copyright law coming into effect in 2008, the maximum statutory damage is 10,000 Shekels (or 20,000 Shekels for willful infringement.
Despite Regulation 92 of the Civil Court Procedures 1984 allowing extensive corrections to the statement of case to enable the point of contention to be clarified, correcting the sum after the hearing and before ruling is not allowed as it does nothing to clarify the legal issues and will merely protract the proceedings. The plaintiffs alleged that Gever had sold tens if not hundreds of fakes over a period of years and nothing had changed, so the maximum sum claimed remains 150,000 Shekels.
Judge Weinstein ruled that merely selling fake disks was insufficient to be responsible, but the seller had to be aware that they were fakes. In this instance, some he'd scanned himself, others were supplied from an unknown source so it seems clear that he was aware. Furthermore, a computer seller would be expected to be able to differentiate between originals and fakes. The price of 10 Shekels a game was also a fair indication that they were fake.
The private investigator's footage showed boxes of 50 or more games, and this was a commercial number. The private investigator's testimony was sufficient to indicate that the vendor was aware that the goods were fake. However, the issue is moot as during cross-examination he admitted copying some of the programs himself.
The problem, was, as always, the burden of proof required. After humming and hawing about the need to warn others not to copy, the admitted sales of small amounts over time and the evidence of 5 separate games, Ms Weinstein ruled damages of 50,000 Shekels and costs of 10,000 Shekels.
52260-01-14 Sony vs. Gever, Ruling Judge Weinstein 16 March 2015
The disks were sold in Osefiya by Shfaram. In the past, a DVD copying factory was discovered in Kiryat Ata.
Personally, I am inclined to believe that Gever sold very little software. Why should anyone not picky about purchasing originals pay 10 shekels if blank DVDs cost half a shekel and everyone has a disk burner?
Not allowing the sum claimed to be increased is one thing, but I think that on the burden of evidence and not requiring actual damages, but statutory damages, Ms Weinstein had sufficient evidence to rule the 150,000 Shekels damages. Not unreasonable for a sideline operating 10 years.
Categories: Copyright, counterfeit, infringement, Intellectual Property, Israel, Israel Copyright, Israel IP, passing off, זכות יוצרים, קנין רוחני


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Wednesday Form: Of a question
A: This movement is a full front squat into a push-press.
Q: Uh, what is a Thruster?
Yes! Ask, ask, ask!
How do you do that? What is that? Am I doing this right? How can I improve this? What are we doing?
There's an interesting CF group fitness concept…policing your group/partner. This includes a few things:
1) Good cop: Encouragement! That's all you hear…mental prompts of positive thinking; policing in a positive way!
2) OK cop: Cues and corrections! Butt down, elbows, heels, backward, use the hips, slow down, speed up. Coaches cue, but long-time CFers know the "policing policy" and will give good reminders, too.
3) Bad cop: The occasional "pay attention" "get your sh&% together." Hey, nobody said police work was pretty.
Yes, positive interdependence exists. CFers understand this and that's why they are helpful people (see #1, #2). But CFers also understand this: because CF is a place of constant risk-taking, improvement, and pushing of limits, EVERYONE has questions. It might be simply "How do I do this move?" or it might be "How do I improve this move?" or it might be "How do I make this move much more challenging?"
If you're unsure of something or you're trying to improve/learn something, ask before or after class for assistance. When you see people playing around on the Smokehouse, ask about kips. Ask the Double Under-er how to improve. Ask for some KB refinements. Ask the person why they are using the Foam Roller.Avoid waiting to figure it out DURING the class.
"We often think that admitting struggle is a sign of weakness, but we all struggle sometimes. We all get overwhelmed sometimes. We all need help sometimes. Acknowledging this is not a sign of weakness, but struggling alone is a choice to grow weak." -Lori Deschene
Jan June 6, 2012
I must have multiple personality disorder b/c I've been all 3 of these cops within minutes of one another ~ sometimes all while talking to myself, too.
What if people don't know what they don't know so they can't ask? What if their goals don't impel them to ask b/c they just want to jump around for an hour and sweat, not necessarily get better or stronger?
Tangential to asking questions, I feel like we could use more specific instruction or benchmarking b/c not everyone (me) knows what certain moves are or what their weights should be for them. What should I overhead squat? no idea. What should I push press? no idea. I couldn't even tell you what the 9 functional movements of CrossFit are….. What if we took a class to review them and got individual benchmarks that are written down for us, so we'd know for when it comes up in class? Maybe these are easy for guys to remember b/c you've been lifting all your lives and have a schema for it already. Ladies? Anyone?
Maria N. June 6, 2012
Yeah, ditto. Then it also depends on # of reps. Five deadlifts or 50? Big difference in the weight to load. Or not?
Is "Not barfing" a functional movement??
Kyle June 6, 2012
Everything you need to know including the 9 functional movements.
Jan June 6, 2012
Appreciated but not the point. I threw myself under the bus to exemplify what a potential scenario might be for folks who don't know what they don't know. With Chris, Matt, Ed and Eric running classes, Corps Fitness has stellar, qualified, certified coaches who can teach us all we need to know and then some. I'd like to learn from their expertise in a hands-on way that fosters retention and provides accessibility to that knowledge for later use. I like to work out, but I like it to take place within the confines of the House of Corps Fitness. When I leave, I leave. I have no desire to pore over documentation on my own time. I imagine I'm not alone in this approach.
Wicasa Yatapika June 6, 2012
At this point in my life I have come to realize that I cannot be an expert at every single movement that we perform…one reason is physical limits and one reason I don't have the motivation to practice all the things I am not perfect at. I know my limitations, I will never be as athletic as some of the people who walk through that door, I also accept that. I also have come to realize that the CrossFit movements require lots and lots and lots of practice. A pure CrossFit gym is where that dedicated practice takes place. Based on my experiences at other CrossFit gyms that is the core of what they do, they work on those movements all the time. At CF we don't do that, we do circuits with some CrossFit exercises thrown in for good measure and we do Hero WOD's mostly during Hero Week and maybe a few benchmarks throughout the year. That is not the same as what you get at a true CrossFit gym where it is CrossFit all the time…I personally believe this is why there is confusion when CrossFit movements, that some people might only see once or twice a month, show-up in class. The focus at CF IS NOT CrossFit, it is Corps Fitness and there is a difference…as far as weights go, for me it depends on how I feel on any given day. That's just the way it is for me…and I accept that. I do the best I can on a given day, and some days are just plain better than others…
Kyle June 6, 2012
Personally, I'll take any one of the 3 Cops! One day Schippers yelled at and said "dude get rid of the bands"! After that day I have completed every CF WOD without touching a pull band since! I still remember Jan yelling at me to lock the elbows when doing OH lunges when I first started. Still working on it but the comments help. When doing WODs while traveling I can hear Matt D yelling "just get three more" and thats enough for me to complete the WOD without breaking and set the time for that WOD for that class or even the entire day. Keep the comments coming! 🙂 Its these moments that make CF awesome and push me to new PRs!
I have visited other CF boxes. There not all amazing. All very friendly but some I have visited the people say very Little to each other, if anything, and go home after WODs. They may not have the sense of community that CF has.
I think the hard reality is that even in a true CF box each individual still needs to do some homework setting personal goals and doing some reading outside class to learn the fundamentals of CrossFit to improve on a certain exercise or movement. I think its a nice goal for CF to attempt to provide this during class but then again trainers may only have 1-4 hours a week providing directions during workouts for most members.
I love Chris's idea of adding more daily open WODs in the future! This will allow the folks that are serious about skill building to put in the extra time and improve and work on CrossFit fundamentals.
Wicasa Yatapika June 7, 2012
One other note about CrossFit gyms, in Bozeman MT, when you join the CrossFit movement at CrossFit Bozeman you are required to go through an initial instruction program unless you are already active in the CrossFit community. But if you are active you still must first be interviewed by one of the staff members to asses your abilities. Secondly, you are assigned a notebook that stays at the gym, and you are reminded after every class to write down such things as reps, weights, WOD's, "for time" and AMRAPS in order to track your own progress.
Kyle June 7, 2012
I think tracking against certain bench mark WODs is a great idea! Most of the other CF boxes I visted post all daily WOD results for all members on the whiteboard to add a little competitive flair that no doubt pushes your a little harder. I like the idea of a personal journal that stays at the gym even better.
Awhile back most of did Cindy for rounds. I beleive we recorded those results some where.
My 1 year anniversary in August. I should know my FRAN time before my one year anniversary! 🙂
Captain Awesome June 7, 2012
Just to throw a plug out there but also to help address some of what was mentioned. The class Eric has been running for a couple of months on Thursday mornings at 6:30, is a GREAT class for learning a lot of these basics and to get some good hands on instruction. While it might be listed as a "Olympic Lift" class, we go through the basics of all movements first which translate to so many CF exercises. Plus we usually do a base max load test which gives a much better baseline for what weights can be used for WODs and CF style classes.

subset: commoncrawl


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Keto pastrami salad with fried eggs and croutons
- ½ cup 125 ml mayonnaise
- 2 tbsp 2 tbsp Dijon mustard
- 1 1 shallotshallots
- 1 1 dill pickledill pickles
- 4 oz. 110 g (700 ml) lettuce
- 8 oz. 225 g pastrami
- 4 4 eggeggs
- 4 4 low-carb parmesan croutons
- Start making the low-carb parmesan croutons, if you don't have them on hand already.
- Stir together mayonnaise and mustard and set aside.
- Place the lettuce on two plates. Chop the onion and place on top. Cut the pickled cucumber lengthwise into four pieces and place it on the lettuce.
- Add pastrami and a generous amount of the mustard mayonnaise.
- Fry the eggs just before serving the salad. Sunnyside up or over easy, and serve immediately with parmesan croutons.
You can make this salad with any kind of meat – leftover lamb, turkey or grilled chicken! Or try it with freshly fried bacon or ham. You could also substitute the lettuce for arugula.


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Mid Rise Distressed Boyfriend Jeans
Color: medium destroy
Size: uk 14
Inseam: regular
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Additional Information
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- Medium indigo wash with fading and whiskering.
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- Better denim. Better planet. This pair of denim is part of our water-saving Washwell™ program. Compared to conventional wash methods, Washwell™ has saved millions of liters of water since 2016.
- Rigid denim.
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Product Details
- 100% Cotton
- Machine wash.


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October 18, 2011
Rule Revision Proposals Published for Comment
The Advisory Committee on Rules of Court of the Judicial Council of Virginia has approved the draft rule revisions for publication and receipt of comments from the public, the bench, and the bar. They relate to the developing option for electronic filing of cases in the Virginia courts.
Statutory changes were made by the General Assembly in the last two years authorizing the adoption and phase-in of procedures for electronic filing of cases in our courts. A large task force with members from many constituencies in Virginia has been at work for more than two years on the mechanisms for electronic filing to make them simple, reliable and clear.
As part of the developing efforts to implement e-filing, the Advisory Committee was asked to review Rules 1:17 and 3:3, which have been part of the Rules of Court in Virginia for many years, to consider amendments needed in order to ready the Rules for the expected advent of e-filing as Virginia court technology moves forward.
The proposals below have been reviewed by the Advisory Committee, which is soliciting comments before final approval and recommendation to the Judicial Council and the Supreme Court for adoption. These amendments are not currently in effect, and have not been formally recommended to, or reviewed by, the Supreme Court of Virginia.
Comments on these proposed draft rules should be sent by March 30, 2012 to:
Advisory Committee on Rules of Court
c/o Steven Dalle Mura
Office of the Executive Secretary
Supreme Court of Virginia
100 North Ninth St.
Richmond, VA 23219
OR via email with the subject line: "comment on E-Filing Rules" to: firstname.lastname@example.com
The proposed amendments below include the following changes to portions of the existing Rules:
Rule 1:17(c)(5) will provide that remote access (from your office, for example) to court records in an electronically filed case will be available to members of the Virginia State Bar and their authorized agents. Any person will be able to access the records from terminals at the courthouses, but until the security procedures are refined for electronic filing, the suggestion has been made that only Bar members and their direct agents (secretaries, paralegals) be authorized as remote access users. It is expected that remote access will be made available more broadly as the system safety and security measures develop.
E-filing will be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. A document can be filed up to 11:59 p.m. on any day. Of course, filing on weekends will not be effective until the next day the courts are open: the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or court holiday. Thus a document filed on a Saturday, will be accepted when tendered, and deemed filed effective on the following Monday. Rule 1:17(d)(5)(i) makes this clear.
Particularly during the early period of operation of an e-filing system, it is important to make provision for mistakes or errors that occur in filing papers. Subcommittees have been working for more than a year to assure that the "user interface" screens will be clear and easily navigated. The Rule 1:17(d)(7) changes proposed below divide perceived errors or mistakes in a filing into two categories. Filing fee problems can be dealt with by the Clerk of Court, as at present, but – if the correct fees cannot be obtained – the Clerk will not immediately strike a filing, but will instead provide notice to the parties that the fee defect exists and that the paper will be stricken if the fee problem is not corrected within five business days. Other defects, such as execution problems, will be brought to the parties' attention with a notice that the defect will be reviewed by the judge at a specified date and time at least 10 business days later, for appropriate action. If any electronically filed paper is eventually "stricken," a copy of the electronic filing will be retained in the court records to facilitate any further review or motion practice.
- Rule 1:17(e) deals with electronic service of papers after a case is filed and has been designated to proceed as an "electronically filed case." For those proceedings, the Rule amendments provide that service of motions and other papers (not the initial service of process) shall be made electronically, as provided today under Rule 1:12. A similar amendment is made in the relevant portion of Rule 3:3.
Draft Amendments to the Rules of Court re Electronic Filing of Papers
Published for Comment – October 2011
Rule 1:17. Electronic Filing and Service.
* * * *
(c) System Operational Standards. In addition to the obligations and procedures set forth in subdivision (d) of this Rule, electronic filing systems under this Rule shall meet these requirements:
(1) Electronic documents must be stored without loss of content or material alteration of appearance.
(2) Files capable of carrying viruses into court computers must be scanned for viruses prior to being written to disk in the clerk's office.
(3) The electronic filing system must be capable of securing the document upon receipt so that it is protected from alteration.
(4) The electronic filing system must be capable of establishing the identity of a sender of a document by means of a registered user identity and password, or by digitally encrypted electronic signatures, or by any other means reasonably calculated to ensure identification to a high degree of certainty.
(5) Remote electronic access to documents submitted in an electronically filed case and stored electronically shall be limited to judges, court personnel, any persons assisting such persons in the administration of the electronic filing system, and to active members of the Virginia State Bar and their authorized agents
counsel of record, including parties appearing pro se, who have complied with the registration requirements to use the electronic filing system….
* * * *
(d) Electronic Service and Filing Practice and Procedures.
(1) In an Electronically Filed Case, all pleadings, motions, notices and other material filed with the court shall be in the form of Electronic Documents except where otherwise expressly provided by statute or the Rules of Court, or where the court orders otherwise in an individual case for good cause shown.
(2) Each attorney admitted to practice in the Commonwealth shall be entitled to a registered User ID and password issued by the clerk, or access using any comparable identification system approved by the Supreme Court, for the electronic filing and retrieval of documents.
(3) The clerk shall provide a means, in the courthouse or other designated location, for the parties, counsel and the public to review and copy electronic records from the electronic file during normal business hours.
(4) The format for electronically filed material shall be the Portable Document Format (PDF). Notice will be provided if any other format is approved.
(5) (i) Subject to the provisions of subsections (d)(6) and (7) of this Rule, an electronic document shall be filed by following the procedures of the applicable E-Filing Portal, and shall be deemed filed on the date that it is received in the E-Filing Portal. If the electronic document is received in the E-Filing Portal on a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or any day or part of a day on which the clerk's office is closed as authorized by an act of the General Assembly, then such document shall be deemed filed on the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, legal holiday, or day or part of a day on which the clerk's office is closed. Filings will be accepted
during normal business hours and until 11:59:59 p.m. on any day the clerk's office is open.
(ii) Upon electronic filing of a document, an electronic confirmation shall be transmitted to the filing party indicating that the document has been successfully filed through the E-Filing Portal. In addition, the court to which the document is directed shall promptly transmit an electronic acknowledgement of its receipt of the electronically filed document, specifying the identity of the receiving court, the date the document was received by the court, and a court-assigned document reference or docketing number.
(6) A person who files a document electronically shall have the same responsibility as a person filing a document in paper form to ensure that the document is properly filed, complete, and readable. However,
(i) if technical problems at the E-Filing Portal result in a failure to timely file the electronic document, counsel shall provide to the clerk of the court on the next business day all documentation which exists demonstrating the attempt to file the document through the E-Filing Portal, any delivery failure notice received in response to the attempt, and a copy of the document, and
(ii) in the event that the E-Filing Portal was not available due to technical problems during the last filing hours of a business day, the office of the clerk of the court to which the document is directed shall be deemed to have been closed on that day solely with respect to that attempted filing and the provisions of Virginia Code § 1-210(B) and (C) shall apply to that particular attempted filing for purposes of computing the last day for performing any act in a judicial proceeding or the filing of any legal action.
(7) Clerk's notice of defects in a filing; striking documents; court orders.
(i) Incorrect or missing fee. If the clerk of court determines that an electronically filed document is defective because of an incorrect or missing filing fee,
(A) if possible, the clerk shall immediately process payment of the correct fee through the credit or payment account authorized by the filing party;
(B) if processing by the clerk of the proper payment through a credit or payment account authorized by the filing party is not feasible, notice shall be sent by the clerk electronically to the filing party, and all other parties who have appeared in the case, that – at a specified date and time at least five business days after transmission of such notice – the document will be stricken from the court records by the clerk.
(ii) Defects other than incorrect or missing fees. If the clerk of court determines that an electronically filed document is defective because of a missing signature or required verification, or any other defect considered grounds for rejection or striking of a filed document, other than those relating to fees as provided in subsections (d)(7)(i)(A) and (B) above, the clerk shall prepare and transmit electronically to all parties who have appeared in the case a notice that the defect will be presented to a judge of the court – at a specified date and time at least 10 calendar days after the transmission of such notice – for consideration of an order striking the document from the court records or directing other action.
(iii) A copy of all notices transmitted by the clerk under this subpart (d)(7) shall be retained in the permanent electronic case file maintained by the court. The document made subject to a notice under subparts (d)(7)(i) or (ii) remains validly filed during the period afforded for curing such defects and until it is stricken from the court's docket records. A copy of any document stricken under the provisions of this subsection (d)(7) shall be retained by the clerk with a designation clearly reflecting that it was stricken and the date of such striking, as a record of its content and disposition.
(8) The clerk's office must accommodate the submission of non-electronic documents in an Electronically Filed Case if filing in electronic form cannot, as a practical matter, be achieved. Such documents shall be imaged to facilitate the creation of a single electronic case file to the extent reasonably possible. An outsized document that is capable of being imaged shall be retained in the form submitted.
* * * *
(e) Application of, and Compliance with, Other Rules. In an Electronically Filed Case:
(1) Unless otherwise agreed by all parties, or ordered by the court in an individual case for good cause shown, all documents required to be served – after the initial service of process –
may shall be served by electronic transmission , or by delivering, dispatching by commercial delivery service, transmitting by facsimile, or mailing, a copy to each counsel of record on or before the day of filing. Such service shall be effective as provided in Rule 1:12….
Rule 3:3. Filing of Pleadings; Return of Certain Writs.
(a) Filing Generally. The clerk shall receive and file all pleadings when tendered, without order of the court. The clerk shall note and attest the date of filing thereon. In an Electronically Filed Case, the procedures of Rule 1:17 shall be applicable to the notation by the clerk of the date of filing. Any controversy over whether a party who has filed a pleading has a right to file it shall be decided by the court.
(b) Electronic Filing. In any circuit court which has established an electronic filing system pursuant to Rule 1:17:
(1) Any civil proceeding may be designated as an Electronically Filed Case upon consent of all parties in the case.
(2) Except where service and/or filing of an original paper document is expressly required by these rules, all pleadings, motions, notices and other filings in an Electronically Filed Case shall be formatted, served and filed
electronically as specified in the requirements and procedures of Rule 1:17; provided, however, that when any document listed below is filed in the case, the filing party shall notify the clerk of court that the original document must be retained.
(i) Any pleading or affidavit required by statute or rule to be sworn, verified or certified as provided in Rule 1:17(d)(5).
(ii) Any last will and testament or other testamentary document, whether or not it is holographic.
(iii) Any contract or deed.
iv) Any prenuptial agreement or written settlement agreement, including any property settlement agreement.
(v) Any check or other negotiable instrument.
(vi) Any handwritten statement, waiver, or consent by a defendant or witness in a criminal proceeding.
(vii) Any form signed by a defendant in a criminal proceeding, including any typed statements or a guilty plea form.
(viii) Any document that cannot be converted into an electronic document in such a way as to produce a clear and readable image.
(c) Return of writs. No writ shall be returnable more than 90 days after its date unless a longer period is provided by statute.
Updated: Oct 20, 2011


text:
Check out my bestselling book on habits, Superhuman by Habit. .
As long as I've remembered, I've wanted to buy a private island. Having a random patch of land somewhere holds almost no appeal, but an island is totally different. An island is like your own little country, with complete control of everything within its borders.
I'd looked at getting an island before. As it turns out, they're not much more expensive than buying normal property. There's a site called Private Islands Online that has a ton of listings, which I'd pored through on many occasions. A problem always arose: the cheap islands are in far away inconvenient spots, and the close islands are all crazy expensive. Buying an island remained a fantasy.
Then, six weeks ago, a good friend of mine sent me a listing to an island in Canada. Wouldn't it be cool to buy an island, he asked? I clicked and was shocked-- Canadian islands are cheap AND close. They may not fit the archetype of the tropical private island, but the climate wasn't why I wanted the island. I wanted to share a miniature country with some friends and see what we could build.
"I am literally 100% on board," I replied back.
I may have an ego about some things, but diet isn't one of them; it's too important. I'm happy to be wrong about what I eat if it means that I can improve my diet, and thus improve my health and my longevity. So I read the critique carefully and left it thinking that I'd likely start eating meat again.
I don't have the time or inclination to become an expert on diet. It takes a lot of time and focus, and the research just isn't interesting enough to me. So instead, like many other fields, my approach is to find the person who seems to be the most knowledgeable and follow their lead. Until I read the critique, that person was T Colin Campbell, author of The China Study.
T Colin Campbell is an easy choice because the China Study is the biggest study on human health ever conducted, and he was one of the scientists who conducted it. I'm not sure what sort of credentials could exceed that.
One of my projects I'm working on right now is a new productivity/accountability system. I have modeled it after my own method of getting things done and have been using it for forty five days as I built it.
Roughly two weeks ago I invited some friends and members of my forum to use it. None of them use it in the same way I do. Many of them stopped using it because it was too different from how they get things done.
So, I'm curious. How do you get things done? Do you schedule your whole day in Outlook? Do you keep a running Todo list and do what you can? Do you write down three things that MUST get done that day? Do you just meander through the day and do things as you think of them? Something else?
We've lived in three countries now, which has given me some perspective on America that I didn't have before. Sure, I'd been to a bunch of countries before (only 15 total!), but things are different when you live there.
You learn how the city and the people in it tick.
When I left I expected that everything I'd find in other countries would make me like the US less. This has been true for some things, but there are also many things that I now really appreciate about the US.
We grow up being told what to do and what not to do and can't wait until we're adults and can do whatever we want. When we finally get there, there are new people like bosses, cool people on TV, and the government who try to tell us what to do again.
I don't mind getting into a little trouble here and there, so I tend to push the envelope a bit. However, even if you want to stay on the right side of the law, here are a few things that you probably THINK you have to do, but don't really.
Have any more to add? Put them in the comments and I'll add good ones here!
A quick preface to say that a lot of people are in real poverty through little or no fault of their own, and that's a sad thing. I would like for them to have it better, and agree that to some degree it's worth forcing the richest to pay for them.
That said, I think that there's way too much focus on wealth inequality, and not nearly enough on how great we have it, even at the lowest levels.
Earlier this year, I visited a couple castles in Romania. One was new and it was truly beautiful inside and out. The ceiling in the main hall was a retractable stained glass window, a happy overlap in timing of the last of the castles being built and the earliest mechanisms of that sort.
Across the country, though, I also visited an older castle. It was built some time around 1400, but was in use until 1920. Now it's a museum, so you can see it as it was last used. And I'll tell you-- castle or not, I have a lot more luxury than that in my RV.
At last! I'm going to start this gear post with a promise, since everyone's been so patient: the 2016 Gear Post will be out on or before the Monday following Thanksgiving of 2015.
The bad news is that I fear my gear posts are going to slowly become more boring over time. While my main goal is to have the very best gear to travel with, my secondary goal is to have as little of it as possible. At this point my backpack is half empty, and a handful of items are being eyed for removal for next year.
But that's the great thing about great gear. It fulfills a need so wholly that nothing else is needed to share the burden. And, in some cases, like clothing, the gear is of such quality that spares aren't necessary.
So, without further ado, the 2015 Gear Post. As usual, many of these links are affiliate links, as this is one of very few posts that I make money on. Some products are given to me for free. While I do try more gear because of this, I never list anything that I don't think is necessary and the best in its category.
To say that we packed light is an understatement. We packed super light. Someone recently told me a saying that stuck in my mind.
"No one ever wishes they packed heavier."
So true. With fewer baggage comes more freedom, and that's exactly what we're after. Still, when Todd suggested that we take only a small backpack each, I thought he was crazy.
I'm writing about this because we sidetracked a post in the forums and I thought it was interesting to warrant a full article. It's not so much that I want to ram my opinion down the throats of those who disagree with me (I do), but that I feel like my position is misunderstood and I probably didn't do a great job of explaining it.
I don't ever get angry. That doesn't mean that bad things don't happen to me (they do), but most people I know will tell you that they've never seen me angry.
The common misperception is that I don't deal with anger and I stuff it down somewhere. The theory continues that eventually I won't be able to contain it and I will unleash my rage. Or that I'll suddenly become depressed.
Previous birthdays never really meant much to me. At eighteen I could buy cigarettes and porn, but I didn't because I don't smoke and know what the internet is. At twenty one I could buy alcohol, but didn't because I don't drink. I could gamble, too, but had already been doing it for years online. At twenty five I could rent cars at a discounted rate. That was a little bit exciting, but not exactly a life changer.
So when thirty rolled around, I didn't expect much. And, of course, the actual day didn't really change anything, but the increasing comprehension that my twenties were over did change something. I got serious.
My first ten years were spent filling diapers, and then drawing with crayons. It's tough to expect much from a 0-9 year old, and I'm sure I just about met those expectations.
My next ten years were spent learning, mostly. I learned how to make money, how to write, how to do math, and how to speak some Chinese and Spanish. A lot of my good friends were met during these years, too. So the 10-19 age range was mostly experiencing the world and building up a collection of reference experiences to help me understand it. The foundations of who I "am" were built during these years. I became a nerd, I became interested in Asia, I neglected social skills to the point that I would later have to become a pickup artist, I gained a deep understanding of risk and reward, became an entrepreneur, and I started exploring things.


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South Korea to spend 7.8t won on R&D to cut reliance on Japanese imports
[SEOUL] South Korea on Monday announced plans to invest about 7.8 trillion won (S$8.92 billion) in research and development to foster the local production of materials and equipment over the next seven years and cut reliance on Japanese imports.
The move comes after Japan on Friday dropped Korea from its "white list" of countries with fast-track export status, intensifying a row over wartime forced labourers.
In July, Japan tightened controls on the export of materials used to make chips, South Korea's top export item, which threatened to disrupt global semiconductor supplies used by tech giants such as Apple and Huawei.
South Korea plans to raise "self-sufficiency" for the production of 100 key components, materials and equipment used to make chips, displays, batteries, automobiles and other products, with a goal to stabilise supply over the next five years.
The plan aims to "address structural weakness in South Korea's materials, parts and equipment sector, which heavily depends on a particular country," the government said in a statement.
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In a 51-page statement, South Korea also laid out a number of measures to boost local supply, including financing support of over 2.5 trillion won for overseas acquisitions.
BT is now on Telegram!
For daily updates on weekdays and specially selected content for the weekend. Subscribe to t.me/BizTimes


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What is workforce management
There are six processes Workforce Management can help you improve your customer service operations – forecasting, planning, scheduling, operating, reporting, and performance analysis.
This white paper is a highly readable, foundational introduction to all six, giving you a solid grasp of the fundamentals of using WFM successfully.
© 2018 ZOOM International


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This comic style Trump is exactly what your phone needs to MAGA in style!
This sleek Samsung case protects your phone from scratches, dust, oil, and dirt. It has a solid back and flexible sides that make it easy to take on and off, with precisely aligned cuts and holes.
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|Mk Hanin Zoabi - Arabs48
Israeli Ynet News quoted Zoabi stated that "Israel is resuming what it did not finish in the Nabka of 1948, by continuing the systematic expulsion and transfer of the Arab population".
"Israel is still conducting its illegal 63-year-old policy", Zoabi said, "We see that as a declaration of war against us".
"We did not invade anybody's land, or country, we did not steal the land of any Jewish person", she stated, "We did not raid homes, I am not a settler, am indigenous, I want to live in my home, in my homeland".


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Category Archives: Youth Centered Fitness
The ABCs of Movement: Body Management
The ABCs of movement begin with the Athletic Stance. The athletic stance helps us establish our starting position. But, it does more than that—it helps us understand and recognize where our body segments are in relation to other body parts and where our body is in space, which is body management.
Starting from the athletic stance, raise your right hand. How did that change your center of gravity? How did you adjust? Move your feet farther apart. How did that affect your center of gravity? How much effort does it take to sit and stand? How do you swing your arms without coming in contact with anyone else in the room? These are examples of body awareness.
Many movement professionals advise young athletes and those beginning an exercise program to begin with body weight exercises. My recommendation is to be sure they first can understand how their bodies move before instructing an exercise. Once body management is achieved, movement fundamentals are more developmentally appropriate. For some, moving an external object may be more appropriate than trying to move body weight, especially for those that are overweight.
Body management is one of the three categories of fundamental movement skills (locomotor and object control being the other two). There are three types of movement awareness:
- Effort awareness: how much muscular effort is needed to initiate, sustain, and stop movement. Examples include climbing, lifting relative (your body) and absolute (external load) weight, stopping, and balancing.
- Space awareness: how much personal or shared space is needed for successful movement. Examples include how turning, spinning, and moving with others in a confined space without making contact.
- Body awareness: how your body movements relate to other movements around you. Examples include following the leader, raising your arms overhead, and dodging.
Body management skills can be promoted by applying balance, postural control, and equilibrium in a variety of settings using a variety of implements under a variety of conditions, matching the tenets of physical literacy. Physical Literacy is the "mastering of fundamental movement skills and fundamental sport skills that permits us to read our environment and make appropriate decisions, allowing us to move confidently and with control in a wide range of physical activity situations."
The application of all three categories of fundamental movement skills will be further discussed in the next segment, The ABCs of Movement: Cardinal Planes.
Athletic Stance
The ABCs of movement start with the Athletic Stance. If we can't set up in the right position, how can we expect to move with proficiency? The athletic stance is the fundamental starting position for athletes in every sport. Not only that, the athletic stance sets the stage for movements in many activities of daily living and exercises in the gym. Check out this quick video for basics of the athletic stance: Athletic Stance
When teaching athletes or beginning exercisers, begin with the athletic stance to help develop:
- positioning of center of gravity (belly button level, generally) over base of support (arches of feet to balls of feet)
- awareness of weight distribution between both feet and on the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot
- "soft knees" position to lead to hip hinge pattern
- "proud chest" to maintain postural control and core activation
- how moving hand position for athletic stance in a variety of sports (ball-handling sports like basketball and baseball vs stick-handling sports like field hockey and lacrosse, for example) changes the center of gravity, and how hand position for beginning position for a variety of exercises (goblet squat vs prisoner squat vs zercher squat, for example) changes the center of gravity
This fundamental movement leads us to the letter B.
Toward LTAD Being Universally Implemented
Nobody is filling the talent pool! Youth sports coaches are overtraining youngsters and exploiting the relative age effect and PE is imposing an adult-centric model of "lifetime" fitness. How are we going to move toward physical literacy before, during, and after school when we can't get many coaches and PE teachers on the same page for motor skill competence through integrated neuromuscular training? Part of the challenge is that some coaches overuse young athletes and some physical educators relegate them to afterschool so that there is no attention being paid to motor skill development and muscular strength, in alignment with the Composite Youth Development Model. What if we all were athletes?!
So, why the problem with us all being athletes?
In our adult-focused quest to display our kids as "the greatest athlete that ever lived" at Age 10 we have inadvertently turned many kids off from sport, led others to injury and burnout, and created champion 10-year-olds that can't compete at Age 16. Overzealous parents and coaches are contributing to an alarming downturn in youth sports participation in our most popular sports. Youngsters are not being developed for athleticism so many are either not interested, burned out, injured, or are limiting their potential.
Conversely, in physical education's quest to be recognized as a core subject, i.e., a subject every bit as important as any other subject like Math and English (a very worthwhile cause), they minimized the value of sports in their mission. This is akin to eliminating recess in order to drive test scores, i.e., neither makes sense or helps kids achieve on any level. Sports were relegated to the select few after school. Who is teaching the motor skills and sports skills needed? They forgot that kids want to learn, improve, and make us proud. That is, kids just want to have fun. Fun has been described as just the right mix of challenge and success. How many 3rd graders want to focus on reducing their risk of cardiovascular disease?
Let's agree:
1. With the American Academy of Pediatrics' definition of athletic readiness as adequate preparation of the physical, biological, social and psychological domains for sport and competition
2. With Margaret Whitehead's distinction that each of us is an athlete within our given level of endowment, i.e., we may not all be elite athletes but we can and should pursue athletic endeavors throughout the lifecourse
3. Therefore, with the Aspen Institute, that everyone is an athlete
Step 1 to Universal Implementation of LTAD
All kids are athletes and deserve every opportunity to participate in unstructured play, semistructured play, and structured play in order to develop the movement skills and psychosocial balance to always be physical active, whether in recreational, competitive, or elite pursuits.
I am committed to contribute more regularly to my Youth Centered Sports and Fitness blog and focus my efforts on highlighting solutions to implementing long-term athletic development (LTAD). Through sharing my views in articles, presentations, invited reviews, position statements, etc. and learning from many other experts in the field I am excited to facilitate ongoing dialogue on LTAD and provide solutions to implementing LTAD universally.
Toward a Youth Strength and Conditioning Specialist Certification to Fill the Talent Pool (Defining Quality Instruction) By: Rick Howard, M.Ed, CSCS, *D, USAW
The most popular blog to date. Still a huge topic of writing and conversation.
youth centered sports and fitness
The cornerstone for teaching and coaching youth properly designed, developmentally-appropriate strength and conditioning programming is quality instruction. Quality instruction is referred to in leading position statements and guidelines as a key component to safe and effective youth fitness, sports participation, and strength and conditioning programs. What defines quality instruction?
Top 10 Outcomes for Quality Instruction for Youth to Fill the Talent Pool
- Demonstrate a solid understanding of pediatric exercise science concepts and principles
- Integrate factors along the developmental continuum, physically as well as psychosocially
- Appreciate the significance of simultaneously developing, refining, and mastering motor skills and muscle strength, as well as other contributory fitness attributes
- Recognize the important role of a long-term approach to talent development to fill the talent pool with as many youth as possible
- Implement key strategies for safety and practice design efficiency and effectiveness
- Apply the concept of periodization to program design
- Infuse coaching methods…
View original post 225 more words
Fitness Testing for Kids: What Exactly Should We Be Testing For?
Please see my latest blog, which was posted by Breaking Muscle!
Obese Not the Only Ones Lacking Definition! by Rick Howard, M.Ed., CSCS, *D, USAW
It is no wonder we can't solve the obesity epidemic, we can't even agree on definitions surrounding the issue to know which way to go. Consider the recent decision by the American Medical Association to recognize obesity as a disease. Two challenges to the decision are:
- How do we define disease?, and
- How do we define obesity?
Is obesity a disease? A syndrome? A condition? A disorder? Surprisingly, there is no universally accepted definition of disease which guides us in achieving health outcomes.
- Will the one third of the population considered obese now be encouraged to utilize and possibly be reimbursed for preventative services?
- Will they rely on more medicine and expensive procedures?
How will we ultimately define obesity so that a large piece of the trillions of dollars in health care costs, reimbursement, and other passive costs that are dependent on the definition go to prevention (health care) and not medication and procedures (sick care)?
- Will an integrated definition of obesity which considers lifestyle factors help people take personal responsibility for their health and assist others in their community?
- Will the measure of obesity, body mass index (BMI), be accepted universally despite its limitations (which led the advisory group tasked with reporting on whether obesity should be a disease to say no, because of the issues with BMI)?
- Will obesity in the context of other wellness factors be considered when seeking a shared definition?
- Will obesity being classified as a disease impact other elements (social, psychological, etc.) of wellness for those affected?
Take a quick look at coincidental rising health care costs. In 2014, as the Affordable Care Act is implemented, it is predicted that 22 million fewer uninsured people will help drive costs up by 7.9% (2.1 percentage points higher than in the absence of reform). And, many of the newly uninsured will be younger and relatively healthier than currently insured individuals, so spending is predicted to increase on prescription drugs and physician and clinical services more so than acute care.
Do you sense what I am sensing? By proclaiming obesity a disease, insurers will be forced to cover a new growth industry — obesity medications and surgeries. While some remain hopeful that making obesity a disease will influence physicians to counsel their patients toward healthy lifestyle changes, including proper nutrition and physical activity, according to an excellent blog by Dr. Allison Bowersock, "evidence suggests doctors do not have adequate time to discuss weight management with their patients and do not have adequate training to do so. Many doctors report a lack of confidence in providing exercise recommendations for patients unless they have experience with a regular exercise program."
So, how are we going to get exercise included in mainstream medicine? How do we make headway to get insurers, physicians, and lay people to recognize the benefit potential of proactive prescriptive wellness over reactive treatments? Current insurance reimbursement does not cover exercise prescription, although physical activity is the fourth primary risk factor for chronic disease, children that do not get proper exercise as youngsters are less motivated to be active adults, and even relatively small lifestyle improvements in adulthood, including exercise, carry significant health benefits.
To spread the word and begin a national movement toward taking seriously the benefits of exercise, friends and colleagues have coined the term exercise deficit disorder. Questions that need to be addressed include:
- Why isn't physical inactivity treated with the same vigor as smoking?
- How do we engage children and adolescents in fun and developmentally-appropriate physical activity?
- How do we ensure that quality physical education and quality instruction in sports and physical activity is available to every child?
- What is the role of the medical community in combating obesity and physical inactivity?
The next question, therefore, is how will we educate the masses about the powerful benefits of physical activity? Many believe that school is the answer. After all, school is where the vast majority of our children go from age 5 through 18. At school, they can be exposed to physical activity throughout the day, quality physical education every day, and health information to help make positive choices. Uh-oh! More problems with definitions…
- Is any bodily movement that uses energy enough for engaging young children in activities for a lifetime?
- What defines quality physical education—is it fitness test scores? Lifetime fitness activities (who decides these?)?
- Is health and physical education considered a highly valued subject in school? Do educators and administrators recognize the value of physical activity on not only health and well-being but on self-esteem, attendance and behavior, and academic outcomes?
But consider that, even if students received physical education for the recommended 30 minutes per day in elementary school (150 minutes/week), and half of the time spent in PE should be moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, we still have two issues to resolve:
- We are still short 30-45 minutes of physical activity each day. Can this be filled with recess and activity breaks every day? What happens if students do not receive PE every day and/or all year?
- Who is leading physical education and physical activity? In many states, the classroom teacher in a self-contained classroom (the students do not change classes for subjects)"teaches" PE. This is the most critical age for learning motor skills, health fitness and skills fitness, and we rely often on teachers with little, if any, experience in this area. Would we do this for fundamental concepts in reading or math?
The decision to include obesity as a disease raises more questions than it provides answers. Even some of the answers available to us are wrought with lack of clear, consistent definitions.
Clearly, Cross-sector collaboration is considered necessary for building healthier communities. But we need to set clear definitions, roles, and qualifications for each partner in order to best achieve health outcomes. It is time for everyone involved in the health and well-being profession to work together to improve physical activity levels, reduce obesity levels, promote health literacy and physical literacy, and let's get our definitions in line to fill the talent pool!
Toward a Youth Strength and Conditioning Specialist Certification to Fill the Talent Pool (Defining Quality Instruction) By: Rick Howard, M.Ed, CSCS, *D, USAW
The cornerstone for teaching and coaching youth properly designed, developmentally-appropriate strength and conditioning programming is quality instruction. Quality instruction is referred to in leading position statements and guidelines as a key component to safe and effective youth fitness, sports participation, and strength and conditioning programs. What defines quality instruction?
Top 10 Outcomes for Quality Instruction for Youth to Fill the Talent Pool
- Demonstrate a solid understanding of pediatric exercise science concepts and principles
- Integrate factors along the developmental continuum, physically as well as psychosocially
- Appreciate the significance of simultaneously developing, refining, and mastering motor skills and muscle strength, as well as other contributory fitness attributes
- Recognize the important role of a long-term approach to talent development to fill the talent pool with as many youth as possible
- Implement key strategies for safety and practice design efficiency and effectiveness
- Apply the concept of periodization to program design
- Infuse coaching methods and techniques that use relevant cueing and feedback mechanisms for each level
- Use testing and assessment as a snapshot to identify areas in need of improvement and to further develop areas toward mastery
- Provide opportunities for preadolescents and adolescents to enjoy a variety of sports, physical activities, and strength and conditioning in a positive nurturing environment
- Establish a positive youth-centered shared vision, philosophy and goals for the program and the participants
There is a need for a nationally accredited youth certification. Pre-qualification should include a basic understanding of exercise science, growth and development, and strength and conditioning. Unfortunately, there is no nationally accredited certification available that properly addresses all 10 outcomes. Steps toward the development of such a credential may include
- Curriculum development and implementation for undergraduate physical education and exercise science majors
- Youth-serving organizations that design accredited certifications to unite to provide a recognized, valid, and credible certification that can be the gold standard
- Professional development and community outreach to educate all stakeholders in youth positive development through physical activity, sport, physical education, and strength and conditioning, including coaches, parents, and community-based youth organizations
Our kids deserve to have knowledgeable, caring, certified coaches and teachers leading them in strength and conditioning exercises and activities. More details on the 10 outcomes for Quality Instruction for youth to fill the talent pool coming soon. Stay tuned!
Beware of Youth Sports Camps! by: Rick Howard
Unfortunately, regular participation in organized youth sports does not ensure adequate exposure to skill- and health-related fitness activities, and sport training without preparatory conditioning does not appear to reduce the risk of injury in youngsters (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21623307). With disturbing trends of eliminating or greatly reducing physical education, ill-advised focus on early sport specialization, not giving kids time for free play and the lack of emphasis on developing fundamental fitness skills before engaging in sports, does it make sense to send preadolescents to a sports camp? Many of these camps do not support physical literacy and long term athlete development.
Quality sports camps for preadolescents should teach ALL attendees the progressions and developmental combinations for fundamentals of:
- health-fitness and skills-fitness activities integrated into the practice design
- the game and how to play a variety of positions
- the fundamentals of playing a variety of games and a variety of positions.
- AND all that needs to be balanced with continued development of fundamental movements:
- Body Management Skills
1. Rolling
2. Stopping
3. Bending
4. Twisting
5. Landing
6. Stretching
7. Climbing
8. Static and Dynamic Balancing
9. Turning
- Locomotor Skills
1. Crawling
2. Running
3. Galloping
4. Walking
5. Hopping
6. Skipping
7. Dodging
8. Jumping
- Object Control Skills
1. Throwing
2. Catching
3. Striking
4. Bouncing
5. Dribbling
6. Kicking
Ignoring teaching the fundamentals of movement skills for lifelong movement and sports is like expecting kids to take algebra without mastering numbers, place values, operations, fractions and decimals, and problem solving.
Noteworthy findings from a recent study, Risks of Specialized Training and Growth in Young Athletes: a Prospective Clinical Cohort Study (http://www.newswise.com/articles/intense-specialized-training-in-young-athletes-linked-to-serious-overuse-injuries ) include:
- young athletes who spent more hours per week than their age playing one sport – such as a 12-year-old who plays tennis 13 or more hours a week – were 70 percent more likely to experience serious overuse injuries than other injuries
- young athletes were more likely to be injured if they spent more than twice as much time playing organized sports as they spent in unorganized free play — for example, playing 11 hours of organized soccer each week, and only 5 hours of free play such as pick-up games
- athletes who suffered serious injuries spent an average of 21 hours per week in total physical activity (organized sports, gym and unorganized free play), including 13 hours in organized sports. By comparison, athletes who were not injured, participated in less activity – 17.6 hours per week in total physical activity, including only 9.4 hours in organized sports
The authors recommend:
- do not specialize in one sport before late adolescence. Encourage early diversification in playing a range of sports
- young athletes should not spend more hours per week in organized sports than their ages. Do not spend more than twice as much time playing organized sports as you spend in gym and unorganized play
- do not play sports competitively year round. Take a break from competition for one-to-three months each year (not necessarily consecutively).
• take at least one day off per week from training in sports.
Additional recommendations from US Lacrosse's Position Statement on Youth Participation (http://www.uslacrosse.org/Portals/0/safety/pdf/PositionPaperYouthParticipation.pdf) include:
- provide 1-2 days off per week from competitive sports.
- provide 2-3 months away from a specific sport during the year.
- emphasize fun, safety and sportsmanship as goals of sport.
- check that training and playing time increase no more than 10 percent each week.
- allow children to participation on only one team per season.
- reduce excessive playing time in all day, weekend tournaments.
- athletes at the U-9, U-11, U-13 and U-15 level should have at least 2-3 months away from sport specific training and competition during the year.
- athletes at the U-9, U-11, U-13 and U-15 level should play on only one lacrosse team during a season. If an athlete is playing on more than one team in the same season, they should not participate for more than 16-20 hours per week.
- tournaments should not be played at the U-9 level. The emphasis at this level should remain on skill development and team concepts.
- All-Star teams should not be created at the U-9 and U-11 levels.
When searching for the best sports camps for preadolescents, consider those that meet the above criteria and develop athleticism, not sport-specificity. Sport-specific camps might not provide the instruction and opportunity for kids to develop their preparatory fitness and skills. Multi-sport camps would be a great idea to allow kids the opportunity to learn and sample many different sports and activities. It is the kids' proficiency, self-efficacy, and positive exposure that will help them develop to their potential. Use the extra time for free play and family fitness fun!


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Virtual Wheelchair Users' Forum meeting 18th May 2020
About this event Monday 18th May, 2020 - 11:00am to 12:30pm Are you a wheelchair user who would like to get involved in shaping better services? The forum is for all wheelchair users across Cambridgeshire and Peterborough. This meeting will be run via Zoom video conferencing because face to…
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Vision for Reading in Peterborough
Vision for Reading in Peterborough A Vision for Reading in Peterborough is an exciting new approach to ensure that every child in the city reads well and enjoys reading. Developed by Peterborough City Council, Vivacity and the National Literacy Trust, the vision commits…
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Vivacity Many of Peterborough's most popular cultural and sporting facilities are now part of something new. Vivacity. Vivacity is an independent, not-for-profit organisation, made up of a 300 strong team of staff, as well as volunteers. Our goals are clear: to manage and improve the…
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Vivacity - Disability Sports Holiday Programme
Various dates - contact for further details
Vivacity - Disability Sports Holiday Programme Our range of activities continue to run throughout holiday times. All sessions are suitable for all ages. Parents, carers and friends are all welcome to attend any sessions, with children especially welcome to join other classes during their school…
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Sports and leisure activities targeted to meet the needs of children and young people with additional needs After School Weekends School Holidays
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From 18 April 2012, the Active card will no longer be accepted at Vivacity Sports Centre. All current Active card holders will instead be issued with a Vivacity Sports Pass. Your new Vivacity Sports or Sports Plus pass will immediately entitle you to the corresponding…
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Vivien Powell-Smith
Vivien Powell-Smith Opened Jul 2011. Ofsted registered. PACEY member. Experience includes volunteering in a local primary school. Aims to offer a welcoming environment. Large enclosed back garden. Family has a pet dog and cat.
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Full details of current programmes available in A4 booklet. Direct line telephone 01733 762121.
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Volleyball Association - Cambridgeshire
Volleyball Association - Cambridgeshire The organisation runs leagues and tournaments for teams in the region and promotes the game of volleyball at all levels. If anybody is interested in taking up the sport or entering a team in the local league then contact the association.…
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Established in 1975 by Mr Vijay Damle, DIGITRONICS is situated in Pune, one of the industrial cities of India, about 100 miles east of Mumbai (Bombay). Company specializes in design, development and manufacture of high wattage Switch Mode Power Supplies, Dc-Dc Converters, High Wattage Density Dc-Dc Converters and special purpose Electronic Equipments. The company products are to "customer specification". They are reliable, rugged and are designed and developed as for company's prestigious customers in private/public and defence sector. DIGITRONICS is proud to have designed, developed and indigenised so far large number of SMPS and dc-dc converters to meet military grade and, therefore, confident today to accept any challenge in this area of indigenisation. Digitronics is ISO9001-2000 Company, certificate number being 18176-QMS-3825. The company is proud recipient of various awards in design, development and manufacture, to name one, C-DAC "PARAM9000 Product Development Support Award". The company has area of 7200 sq ft and employees 40+ persons. The company has in-house multilayer PCB layout facility. The manufacturing facilities include Fabrication Shop; Assembly Shop equipped with Wave Soldering Machine, SMD Assembly Equipment (Pick and Place; Screen Printer; Reflow Oven). The R&D and Quality Control facilities include Chambers for high/low temperature and humidity testing, Portable Spectrum Analyzer, Yokogawa Ac-Dc Voltage and Current Standards, Data Acquisition System (Agilent), apart from standard equipments such as DMMs, Oscilloscopes etc.
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text: Apple firestorm leads artist to change his show Associated Press Copyright 2012 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. Updated 02:30 p.m., Saturday, March 17, 2012 Daisey admitted Friday to taking shortcuts in crafting an often harrowing tale about Apple operations in China after the veracity of his one-man theatrical show was challenged by a public radio program that had based a broadcast on his work.


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I am thrilled and honored to serve as your VAFRE President for the 2017-18 year. This is such an exciting time for VAFRE. We have a new strategic plan - click here to see the plan. We held our annual VAFRE Board of Directors retreat a couple of weeks ago and focused on ways to implement this new plan. I was so impressed with the number of creative smart ideas that our group came up with in one short afternoon! We will be providing more information on all of this as we move into the year and we welcome your input! I encourage you to consider joining a VAFRE committee. A number of you noted your interest in the recent annual survey and our committee chairs are following up now. If you did not complete the survey but would like to help out on a committee, please contact Mary Kidd.
Let me take a moment and share a bit about my background. I have been a member of VAFRE since 2001 and have enjoyed getting to know so many of you over the years. I am Director of Development for Northstar Academy which is a k-12 school for students with disabilities. If you have never been to visit us, please stop by - I would be delighted to show you around our school!
Best wishes to you for a wonderful rest of your summer! I look forward to seeing you at our September meeting. Please let me know if you have any thoughts, suggestions, concerns or if you just want to say hello!
Lynne Berkness2017-2018 VAFRE President
Welcome, New Members
Log in to the Member Directory for new member contact information.
Seeking Member Ambassadors
The Ambassadors program is an effort to engage new members in VAFRE. So far more than 22 VAFRE veterans have been paired with new members for a three-month period to help them get acquainted with other members and become involved in the life of VAFRE.
Both new members and the Ambassadors have been singing the praises of the program. If you are a VAFRE veteran who would like to help new members make the most of their membership, contact Scott Lyons at 540-809-9373 or Will Glasco at 804-648-1889 ext. 303.
Members Only
Mark Your Calendar!
The Program Committee is busy working to put together the sessions for our upcoming meetings.
Program dates for the remainder of 2017 are:
Details will be posted on the Events page of the website as they become available.
Get Your Season Pass Now
This is a great time to purchase your Season Pass for 2017-2018. A Season Pass covers the cost of all meetings, September - June, for a VAFRE Member at the reduced cost of $220. That's like getting to attend the Awards Luncheon for free!
In addition, Season Pass holders can bring a guest to one regular meeting during the year at no additional charge.
To get your season pass, log in and visit the Events page of the website. Questions? E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
VAFRE offers many opportunities to promote your organization to our members, at our meetings, on our website and via our 850+ e-newsletter distribution list. Learn more about the available opportunities here. Ready to sign up? Click here for the sponsor form.
Questions? Please contact James Wasilewski or Jenn O'Rourke for more details.
Do you LIKE VAFRE?
Want to keep up to date with everything VAFRE is doing? Do you have something you'd like to share with the VAFRE community?
Then make sure you like us on Facebook and connect on LinkedIn!
VAFRE Annual Sponsors!
P3 Sponsor
We are pleased to recognize Allegra Print & Imaging, E.L. Freeman, LLC, Great American Insurance Group/RCMD, the Institute on Philanthropy, and Warren Whitney as our Annual Sponsors, and West Avenue Associates as our P3 Sponsor.
Their support will help VAFRE continue to provide meaningful educational opportunities, as well as scholarship support for our members and guests.


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You might have noticed that here at TCK Publishing, we're big into productivity.
We're just nuts about it. We're always looking for new ways to write more, write faster, and eliminate distractions and interruptions from our work—and we like to share what we find with you folks at home.
Keyboard shortcuts are a fantastic way to speed up writing at a computer—or any kind of computer work.
And since there are hundreds of individual keyboard shortcut commands programmed into your PC or Mac, we've compiled a list of our top 27 keyboard shortcuts you can use to write your next project quicker and more efficiently.
Now, put finger to QWERTY… and begin!
How to Use This List
- Choose the shortcuts you're actually going to use. Unless you're some kind of savant (or a robot from the future!) memorizing the commands for all 27 of these keyboard shortcuts will take you quite a bit of time. In the meantime, choose four or five that will be the most useful in your day-to-day writing, and memorize them.
- Use the writing shortcuts often! These commands are meant to save you time and effort—and they can't do that if you have to consult this list every time you want to use a shortcut. Using these shortcuts often in your work will build muscle memory, and allow you to use multiple commands automatically, saving you time and headache.
27 Great Keyboard Shortcuts for Writing and Editing
Editor's Note: The commands on this list are for PCs, but almost all of them have equivalent keystrokes on Macs; simply substitute the ⌘ key for CTRL and the command should work as advertised.
1. CTRL + A: Select all
A favorite of mine for editing huge blocks of text. If you want to copy the entirety of a document, or change its typeface or font size, this is infinitely quicker than click-dragging your cursor across a 7-page document.
2. CTRL + C: Copy
Copies the selected item to your clipboard.
3. CTRL + X: Cut
Deletes the selected item from the text while copying it to your clipboard. Useful for moving things around on a document, instead of click-dragging.
4. CTRL + V: Paste
Inserts the copied item from your clipboard. Text will be inserted in its original format.
5. CTRL + F: Find
Opens a tab that allows you to search for any instance of a word or phrase in your document. You can also use this tab to replace any instance of this word or phrase with something else. I use this for finding and replacing "crutch words"—words and phrases I rely on too much in my writing.
6. CTRL + P: Print
Quick-prints whatever document you're working on using your default settings.
7. CTRL + F2: Print preview
Opens a preview of your printed document and allows you to change your print settings before you pull the trigger.
8. CTRL + S: Save
Do. This. Often. No sense losing hours of work to a power surge or unexpected crash just because you forgot to save—and with a keyboard shortcut, it's never been simpler!
9. F12: Save As
Save a new version of your document under a new name.
10. CTRL + Z: Undo
Erases the last change made to your document. Entering the command multiple times will erase multiple changes in the reverse order of which they were made.
11. CTRL + Y: Redo
Reinstates a change erased by the Undo command. Entering the command multiple times will reinsert multiple changes in the order in which they were made, until there are no more changes left "undid."
12. CTRL + B: Bold
Bolds selected text, or un-bolds text that is already bold.
13. CTRL + I: Italics
Italicizes selected text, or removes italics from italicized text.
14. CTRL + U: Underline
Underline, or removes underline from, selected text.
15. CTRL + L: Left-justify
Left-aligns selected text or images, or whatever paragraph your cursor is currently on.
16. CTRL + E: Center-justify
Centers selected text or images, or whatever paragraph your cursor is currently on.
17. CTRL + R: Right-justify
Right-aligns selected text or images, or whatever paragraph your cursor is currently on.
18. CTRL + J: Justify
Distributes selected text and images evenly between the margins, giving your document crisp, clean edges.
19. CTRL + N: New
Opens a new document. Also opens a new web page.
20. CTRL + SHIFT + MINUS: En-dash
Inserts an en-dash (the shorter dash used in ranges of numbers or dates, like this: 2000–2018). Note: this only works when you're using the minus sign on a numeric keypad, not the minus on a laptop's number bar.
21. CTRL + ALT + MINUS: Em-dash
Inserts an em-dash (the longer dash used to separate phrases—like this). Note: this only works when you're using the minus sign on a numeric keypad, not the minus on a laptop's number bar.
Inserts a copyright symbol.
Inserts a trademark symbol.
Inserts a registered trademark symbol.
Inserts a euro symbol.
26. CTRL + ALT + F: Footnote
Inserts a footnote at the bottom of the page, linked to the word your cursor was currently nearest to.
27. CTRL + ALT + H: Highlight
Highlights selected item.
Make Your Own Keyboard Shortcuts
These 27 shortcuts are all great additions to any writer's repertoire, but this list represents only the most commonly used key commands in your word processor's toolbox. There are thousands of possible shortcut combinations available to you, including hundreds of insert-symbols.
Fortunately, Microsoft Word allows writers to make their own keyboard shortcuts for functions they use all the time, and even lets them substitute their own key commands for Word's default combinations.
For instance: Say you're writing a story where a bilingual character sprinkles Spanish words into their dialogue occasionally. You want to be able to easily insert tildes over your Ns, but the default command for this requires you to use an ALT key command—in this case, ALT + 165.
That's a bit ungainly, especially if you'll be using it often. But by customizing your keyboard shortcuts under the Options menu, you can find the Ñ symbol and choose a new combination of keystrokes to insert it.
And better yet, you can even choose to save this new keyboard command for just one document, making the setting "local" instead of "global."
And so, to save you time and effort, here's our step-by-step guide to making your own customized keyboard shortcuts on Microsoft Word.
- Click File, or enter the command ALT+F.
- Click Options, or press T, to open the Word Options Dialogue Box.
3. Click Customize Ribbon to open the Customize the Ribbon and Keyboard Shortcuts Menu.
4. Click Customize at the bottom of the dialogue box to open the Customize Keyboard dialogue box.
5. In the Categories box, select the appropriate category that contains the item or command you want to change. For instance, if you want to create a shortcut to insert a Ñ, scroll to the bottom and select Common Symbols.
6. In the Commands box (directly beside the Categories box), select the name of the command or item you want to change. If you've selected Common Symbols in the Categories box, a list of symbols to insert should appear in the Commands box. Scroll down until you find Ñ, and click it.
Assign a Keyboard Shortcut
To assign a new keyboard shortcut to a particular command, do the following:
- Position your cursor in the Press New Shortcut Key
- Enter the combination of keys you want to assign to your new shortcut by pressing them in order. Begin your shortcut with either CTRL, ⌘ (if you're on a Mac), or a Function key.
Note: If the item or command you are customizing already has a keyboard shortcut assigned to it, that specific key combination will appear in the Current Keys box. If the keyboard shortcut you are attempting to enter is already assigned, choose something else.
- Click the pulldown tab marked Save Changes In, and choose whether you want to save your new keyboard shortcut for all your documents (click Normal) or just for your current document (click the name of your document).
- Click Assign in the lower left-hand corner of the dialogue box to complete assigning your keyboard shortcut.
Remove a Keyboard Shortcut
To remove a keyboard shortcut from a particular item or command, do the following:
- Click the pulldown tab marked Save Changes In, and select whether you want to remove the shortcut from all your documents (click Normal) or from the document you are currently working in (click the name of the document).
- Select the Current Keys The current keyboard shortcut or shortcuts for your item or command should appear there.
- Click the keyboard shortcut you would like to remove.
- Click Remove at the bottom left of the dialogue box to complete removing your keyboard shortcut.
Writing takes up enough time as it is—don't make your work harder than it has to be by going the long way around. Use these keyboard shortcuts—along with the new ones you've customized—and you'll be writing faster and more easily in no time!
And for more quick and easy tips for boosting your productivity, these articles are just what you need:
- How to Double or Triple Your Typing Speed. Take Our Typing Speed Test and Prove It for Yourself
- 9 Best Social Media Management Tools for Writers, Bloggers, and Businesses
- 8 Ways to Stay Productive and Avoid Distractions
Jacob Mohr relishes the opportunity to work closely as an editor with the authors of tomorrow, creating new stories and exciting possibilities—and making the world a little more awesome, one book at a time.
When he's not editing someone else's writing, Jacob can usually be found reading Stephen King, riding rollercoasters, or crafting his own stories.


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To celebrate the 10th anniversary of Vanity Fair's publication of the International Best-Dressed Poll, Mario Testino and the magazine pulled together some of the best of the best-dressed-list honorees, past and present, for photo shoots in New York and London. In New York, we punked up Neil Patrick Harris, paired Vogue creative director Grace Coddington with many, many cats, and proved style has no limits with Jeremy Irons. Watch the video above to go inside the shoot.
August 2014


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2016 Toyota Hilux 2.4 GD6 SRX
R50 000 Deposit and R7800 per month Including Tracker
18 000 km with Motorplan
Cant Get Finance ? Poor Or Bad credit ?
Why not Rent To Own !!!!
We have a variety of vehicles available. Please contact me for more information or visit my website to view.
Website - evbrokers.webs.com
Contact - 0832449949
Back To Top


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Not able to figure out mistake in my solution. Can somone pls help!!
dp state represents no. of ways to go to target given that next move will be 0/1 denoting down/right and the no. of moves left in that direction.
rleft : moves left in right direction
dleft : moves left in downwards direction
heres my code -
#include<bits/stdc++.h>#define m 20011using namespace std;long long int a[301][301];long long int dp[301][301][2][301];int r,c,d;long long solve(int x,int y,int dleft,int rleft){if(x==r && y==c)return 1;if(a[x][y]==0)
Read more… (59 words)


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Qompendium is an evolving and ever-changing platform for philosophy, art, culture and science, represented by a series of print publications: magazines, books and monographs. Furthermore, it is enriched by a gallery concept, a work shop and a fast-moving online portal.
Based in Copenhagen, N55 is an art collective that uses art as their platform to explore reforms in social design through engineering. The "No Borders" campaign, one of their many initiatives, aims to eliminate all borders around the world and to declare the earth a currently threatened resource that is the the common inheritance of all people.
A digital version of N55 can be downloaded for free here.
Monday, 17.03.2014
09:00 (Cet)
Most of the manuals have been published separately between 1996 and 2003 as periodicals and on the N55 website. They do not appear in N55 BOOK in chronological order.
A printed copy of N55 BOOK can be purchased by writing to: firstname.lastname@example.com
Manual for N55 BOOK
Manual for N55
Manual for DYNAMIC CHAIR
Manual for TABLE
Manual for BED MODULES
Manual for HYGIENE SYSTEM
Manual for HOME HYDROPONIC UNIT
Manual for SOIL FACTORY
Manual for CLEAN AIR MACHINE
Manual for N55 SPACEFRAME
Manual for FLOATING PLATFORM
Manual for MODULAR BOAT
Manual for SNAIL SHELL SYSTEM
Manual for SUSPENDED PLATFORM
Manual for PUBLIC THINGS
Manual for CITY FARMING PLANT MODULES
Manual for SMALL FISHFARM
Manual for BARMOBILE
Manual for MOVEMENT
Manual for SHOP
Manual for FACTORY
Manual for ROOMS
Manual for LAND
Manual for DISCUSSIONS


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Monday Meows Replaces Friday Cat Blogging
February 20, 2018 in Cat Things, Friday Cat Blogging, Pets and other friends
Hey, Brain, what do you want to do tonight?
What we do every night, Pinkie, plot to take over the WORLD!
You're not serious?
I am made entirely of serious!
Me too, narf!
Well, I'm going to plot to tip over this jar of honey.
Not cool, dude, I know where the jar came from.
Why am I surrounded by naysayers and idiots?
Ima guess it's because you don't have a really cool box like dis.
Whatevvvvver, I don't need no stinkin' box.
I'm fine on these bare boards.
With thanks to @TheBarbarienne for the suggestion of "Monday Meows."


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Want gospel news at your fingertips? Text BMORE to 52140 to join our text club!
Congrats are in order for Virginia's own G.I., who are celebrating almost 20 years as a group and the release of their new album, Winning.
SEE ALSO: Todd Dulaney Performs 'Victory Belongs To Jesus' From His Living Room
The group of three dropped by Sound of Praise this month to talk about their latest project which dropped on September 15, featuring their radio hit, "Pray and Don't Worry." Press play up top to hear what else the guys say you can expect on the encouraging body of work.
Sign Up For Our Newsletter!
Catch Maurette on the all new "Sounds of Praise with Maurette Brown Clark" show weekdays 10 a.m. – 3 p.m. and make sure you follow her on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram @SOPmaurette!
The Latest Music, Celebrities and Interviews: Follow @praisebaltimore
22 Gospel Millennials You Should Be Following
22 Gospel Millennials You Should Be Following
1. Jonathan McReynoldsSource:Getty 1 of 15
2. LivreSource:Getty 2 of 15
3. Casey JSource:Getty 3 of 15
4. Jekalyn CarrSource:Getty 4 of 15
5. Joshua RogersSource:Getty Images 5 of 15
6. Briana BabineauxSource:Radio One Inc. 6 of 15
7. Geoffrey GoldenSource:yaves praise unplugged Geoffrey Golden 7 of 15
8. Kierra SheardSource:iOne 8 of 15
9. Dathan ThigpenSource:Getty 9 of 15
10. Tim Bowman Jr.Source:Getty 10 of 15
11. Christon GraySource:Getty 11 of 15
12. Travis GreeneSource:promo 12 of 15
13. Alexis SpightSource:eOne Nashville 13 of 15
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15. Clifton Ross IIISource:Clifton Ross III 15 of 15
G.I. Talks New Album 'Winning,' Maintaining Group For Almost 20 Years [EXCLUSIVE VIDEO] was originally published on praisebaltimore.com


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In the family vineyards red grape varieties dominate: Castelão, Syrah, Alicante Boushet, Touriga Nacional, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. The white grape varieties are Fernão Pires, Arinto, Syria, and also Muscat of Alexandria and rare Moscatel Roxo.
Juicy, gourmet & elegant wines
All are carefully grown in integrated production mode, respecting the environment. The 90 hectares make up over 1 million litres/year of wine headed by Filipe's son, Nuno Palhoça, under the guidance of expert winemaker Jaime Quendera.


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The cost for membership which runs from 1st July to 30th June each year.
– Single member £10 p.a.
– Family membership £15 per family p.a.
– Unwaged / Retired £6 p.a.
The membership fee is collected by our Treasurer at our meetings. Some members kindly add donations to their membership fees.
The membership cost goes towards our affiliation and partnership fees, any other expenses and normally a donation each year to a worthy cause. In recent years we have regularly given contributions to the Uganda Humanist Schools Trust and AFRIL (Action for Refugees in Lewisham).
We also ask attendees at our monthly meeting and on any one-off trips to make a donation of £2 to cover the cost of the venue and other group expenses.
We are transparent about how we use our money. Members get to see the accounts at the AGM each July and we vote on any donations that we wish to make that year.
You can view a copy of our constitution here: SELHuG Constitution


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Money-In vs. Money-Out
Writing things down on paper can make you feel instantly better. Feeling better about your money situation is no different, and for this, you have the Budget.
A budget allows you to estimate all of your income and expenses over the next few weeks, months, or even years.
Think of it like a 'spending plan', or, how much you have left over to spend after you've paid your expenses each pay cycle.
If you find you're always overspending and have little money leading up to your next pay, a budget allows you to take control of your money so you become aware of your situation, and lessen the money strain between each pay check.
Setting up a simple budget for your life is easy:
Money In:
- This is where you list all of the money that is paid to you, such as wages, or Centrelink benefits;
- It's important to list any other way you make money, such as doing extra work, or any pay your partner brings home.
Money Out:
- List any commitments, such as rent, mortgage, loan repayments, credit card fees and interest, and super contributions;
- List any bills, such as council rates, body corporate fees, insurance, maintenance and repairs, electricity, gas, water, internet, and home and mobile phones;
- List any education fees, such as school, uni or TAFE fees, childcare or preschool, uniforms, sport fees;
- List any health fees, such as health insurance, doctor and dentist visits, and medicine and vet purchases;
- List any shopping expenses, such as your weekly groceries, clothing, toiletries, and hair appointments;
- List any transport expenses, such as car insurance, maintenance, registration, licensing, petrol, tolls, parking and public transport;
- List any entertainment and eating out you do.
Then work out what you have left:
- Add up all your 'Money In';
- Add up all your 'Money Out';
- Subtract your 'Money Out' total from your 'Money In' total.
What you are left with is a positive or negative balance, which will tell you if you're living within your means, and will help you adjust if you need to.


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Clouded Yellow
Colias crocea
- Latin synonym: Colias croceus
- Family: Whites and Yellows – Pieridae
- Subfamily: Sulphurs – Coliadinae
- Wing span: Medium-sized, 44–52 mm (1.73–2.08 in.).
- Wing upper side: Reddish yellow, tip and margin black. Middle of forewing with black blotch, middle of hind wing with clear or unclear reddish orange blotch. Occasionally white or yellow individuals.
- Wing underside: Middle of forewing reddish yellow, margin and tip faint olive green. Black blotch in middle. Hind wing faint olive green, middle with 1 or 2 wine-red-edged white blotches. Margins with small darker blotches. Reddish short hairs on wing margins on individuals if not too worn.
- Habitat: Wasteland and fields with pea plants.
- Flying time: Late June–early October (second or later generations wanderers).
- Overwintering form: Caterpillar (rarely observed in Finland).
- Larval foodplant: Pea family (Fabaceae) plants such as medicks (Medicago), clovers (Trifolium) and melilots (Melilotus).
There are three subfamilies of Whites and Yellows in Finland, of which one is the Sulphurs (Coliadinae). Its best known representative is undoubtedly the brimstone. The two other subfamilies are the Whites (Pierinae) and the Mimic sulphurs (Dimorphiinae).
The clouded yellow is not established in Finland, and individuals that are spotted here are wanderers from the south. Like its close relatives, the clouded yellow holds its wings together when it is resting which makes the upper surface difficult to study without catching the butterfly first. Of the same kinds of species, the moorland clouded yellow is more common and the pale clouded yellow less so. The clouded yellow's more common reddish yellow individuals are easy to spot in the air thanks to the highly eye-catching colour of the upper surface of the wings and the reddish yellow central portion of the forewings. The more rare yellow or white coloured clouded yellows can be most easily differentiated from the moorland clouded yellow by the row of dots along the margin on the underside of their hind wings. From the white pale clouded yellows the rare whitish coloured individuals are more difficult to identify, but good identification markers are clouded yellow's broader black border area, the larger reddish yellow blotch on the underside of its hind wings, and its greener hue.