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im currently pregnant and due in 3 weeks.. i have 2 kids and can not care for a 3rd one alone again.... im also really in a bad position with my living situation,...if anyone can help please let me no thanks
Tags: Adopt, baby, couple, looking
hi there we are a white coupel looking to give somoene white new born babby a loving home dont have money to pay for adoption but me and my hubby have been trying to have ower own littel bunddel of joy for 8 years but no luck it make my hart so sore to see that me and my hubby would never have a child of our own and we have lots of love to give please wats app 0766641728 or email firstname.lastname@example.com if you want loving parents for your babby
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5 years, 8 month(s) ago
i am looking for adoptive parents aswell that s*x and race does not matter pls pls email me at cddlebby at gmail dot com
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5 years, 9 month(s) ago
My name is Shannon, my husband and I have 1 adopted son who is from Uganda Africa and he is the joy of our lives! We are ready to adopt again, this time domestically and hopefully a child of African descent like him :)
We have chosen adoption as our FIRST choice in starting a family. We are so excited to see who God will bring into our home as we know that this is in His hands.
email me at firstname.lastname@example.com
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6 years ago
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6 years, 1 month(s) ago
To all of the blessed who have been able to have a child and are looking to give that little angel up to a loving, caring, religious couple who can not have children themselves. Thank you for answering a prayer and giving some of us hope again. If anyone has a newborn or up to 6 month old baby girl they would like to give up to a very loving and stable couple in their 40's living in California please email me at firstname.lastname@example.com
I looking for a baby girl with blue or grey eye if anything message me in firstname.lastname@example.com
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6 years, 2 month(s) ago
I'm a young single mom with two young boys, ages 1&4, my parents both passed away before I was a legal adult. I'm looking for someone who not only would love to have familial bonds not only with my boys but me as well. If you are interested in being in the life of a young college student (daughter figure) and my boys as potential grandparents, I'd love to get to know you. You can reach me at firstname.lastname@example.com. Genuine couples only please.
Hi my name is Kristie Bryan and my husband and I have a beautiful home on Lake Superior . We are looking for a child to love and share all the love we have to give . We are Christians and want to adoptive privately . My email is email@example.com
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6 years, 5 month(s) ago
Thanks once again the great Dr Idiba I am samata lewis I want to
share my testimony to every one here about what this great man did for
me I was married for more than six years know child with this, my
heart has been trouble so I don't know what to do. And I have gone
from one place to another still I did not found the solution of my
problem on till one day in my office when a friend of mine came for a
visit so I have been hiding this for every body not to share this
problem to any one so when I see the situation on ground now my
husband is about getting another woman, I try my best to share this
with a friend so she advise me to contact this great man for a spell
cast so I was not my self of telling her my problem so I ask her what
we it take me? She said it we not take much time just three days it we
be done then I look up and down were we I start from now? She insist
for me to try him then I ask her for his contact she gave me his number
and his email address his number +2348103508204 and here is the email
firstname.lastname@example.com so I called him first before I email
him to know if his is the write person so he cast the spell and am so
happy with my husband with two kids with this, the man is great and
his spell casting is real thanks to my friend may God almighty bless
you all from samata lewis
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6 years, 7 month(s) ago
My husband and I have been together for 7 years now and we have been married for 5 years. We are in search of a miracle to adopt. God has blessed us with a house and pets, great jobs helping out our community, and supportive family members. I was broken when I was told that we have a 1% chance of ever having a child. However, I believe that somewhere out there through someone who needs help we will be able to adopt. If you or your friend would like to talk with us we would love to hear from you.
miracleadoptionfromyou at gmail dot com
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6 years, 8 month(s) ago
Anne I would love to adopt your baby my husband and I are having problems please contact me email@example.com
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7 years ago
Hi, i am looking for somebody who willing to adopt my unborn baby, i dnt demand anything. For those who are willing you can contact me or email me, anyway im already 4 months pregnant.
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7 years ago
Hi my name is Stacey I have a 3 year old son and me and my bf been together for while and can't seem to have a baby together and we would love to get to know you and let's talk bout this thank you if you would like to get in touch with me 318 5475610 my name is Stacey
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7 years, 1 month(s) ago
Hi my name is Jamie my husband and I have been together for 11yrs had a miscarriage 5yrs ago and I had 2 cysts removed last year had to have my left tube and ovary removed. I am not able to have any babies. Would love to ADOPT is there anyone out there in the Pittsburgh, pa area putting baby up for adopt please contact me at email@example.com
input this URL:
( http://www.mkmalls.com/ )
you can find many cheap and high stuff
Believe you will love it.
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7 years, 2 month(s) ago
I can"t adopt the baby but there are some beautiful couples out there who are willing to adopt. I can however help you out financially. It's not much but I understand what you may be going through. You can email me at email@example.com.
Hi my name is joey and my wife is judy we live in ct and we been together for over 20 years and been married for almost 10 years we tried to have a baby my wife had 4 miscariages both are very close with our families and can't imagine us never having a family of our own we are both 46 years old own our own home here in ct for over 10 years and we will do anything to have a family of our own please contact us and hope you will consider at least talking with us thank you for your time here im email address email@example.com
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7 years, 2 month(s) ago
Hi, my name is Jessica. My husband and I seriously want to adopt a baby. Weve been married 10 years and have a beautiful 3 year old son. Doctor said we cant have any more and being able to adopt a baby would be an answered prayer. If your interested in us please call or text 325-200-1625 or email a23mouse @yahoo.com Thank you so much. God Bless!
I would love to privately adopt a child or sibling group. I would like to adopt from the USA. My email is firstname.lastname@example.com
hi my name is evette and I live in bardstown ky with my boyfriend for over 5 years and my 2 kids my daughter is 13 and my son is 15 and I cant have anymore kids but I would like to adopt a little girl if your looking for a good adopted mother please reply or email me at email@example.com thanks
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7 years, 4 month(s) ago
hello,, i really do need help ,, i live in Ghana and am 11 yrs old and i told ma dad that i would like to someone to take me as thier own son and take care of me coz he cannot do that due to some serious problems and he said he also lik the idea so who would llike to adopt me ,, if anybody is interested ,, i would like the person to talk to my dad ,, here my e-mail email@example.com,, is for ma dad but we have been using it together ,,,Thanks alot
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7 years, 6 month(s) ago
My husband and I would love to adopt again we have adopted 2 older children now we would like to do a privite adoption no agencys. we would love babies or older children, boys or girls ,and would be willing for children with special needs. we would love to consider sibling groups or just a single child. we live in MN. if anyone out there would like to give us a chance I would love to hear from you. firstname.lastname@example.com
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7 years, 7 month(s) ago
I am 29 & my husband is 35. We have been married for 10 years now. We have 3 wanderful boys of our own but we would both love to have a little girl. We live in Alberta Canada. We are not rich but we have good jobs & a nice house in a family friendly neighbourhood for our children. My husband is originally from Ghana & I am from the Caribbean but we have both spent our entire adult life living & working in Canada. If you are thinking of giving your little girl up for adoption, please contact me @ firstname.lastname@example.com
I am 29 & my husband is 35. We have been married for 10 years now. We have 3 wanderful boys of our own but we would both love to have a little girl. We live in Alberta Canada. We are not rich but we have good jobs & a nice house in a family friendly neighbourhood for our children. My husband is originally from Ghana & I am from the Caribbean but we have both spent our entire adult life living & working in Canada. If you are thinking of giving your little girl up for adoption, please contact me @ email@example.com
I have 3 daughters 9,8,7 and had my tubes tied and I'm 30 and want a boy now . I see mother's all the time killing their babies and , I wish I could reach them and know them so I can give their baby a chance .
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7 years, 8 month(s) ago
We are looking to adopt alittle girl, if you are still looking, please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com and we can talk more.
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7 years, 11 month(s) ago
propbably a long shot but my fiance and i are looking to adopt we live in massachusettes i am unable to have children and we are in the process in starting the adoption process but if anypne is pregnant and would like to meet of course with lawyers (to make it legal). would be very interested. we are open to open adoption where you can come visit but if you nt want that thats ok. i am 26 and my fiance is 26 as well im caucasian and he puerto rican. hes a mechaic and i do dog walking / pet sitting. we live in a three bedroom with an empty third room for when we receive a child. gender race or anything dont matter. we would be proud to be parents. email me anytime at email@example.com and we can start talking.
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7 years, 11 month(s) ago
Good day, i have a baby who is 7 months old,due to some reason i am not able to care for the child , i decided to look for any couples or single parent that is willing to adopt . if you are interested then let me know or contact me via email ( email@example.com)
My name is Jen, im 19 years old and 6 months pregnant...Im living in the Philippines,Manila.
I am looking to a couple who want to adopt my baby,since i cant gave a good future to my child because of my bad condition and status in life..I a hoping that God has a plan to my baby..its hard for me to give my child in to the hands og other people but i know that this decission that i made is through the purpose and plan of God..i can bear anymore..please help me ..
message me ; email@example.com
call me or text me: 09488169992
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7 years, 11 month(s) ago
I would love to adopt your baby. I have tried for several years to concieve and recently found out that will not happen. I have much love to give any child no matter the race or ethnicity. I love a children and willing to open my home to a baby. My desire has to always have a baby and have a family.
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8 years, 2 month(s) ago
Hi, my name is Loretta. My partner and I are wantting to adopt a baby , if you would like to see our page we made on Facebook, just look me up on FB under Loretta Moore and under groups We Want to Adopt or call me at (740)588-0723 to talk to us, get to know us better, and hopefully decide you would love for us to adopt your baby!!
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8 years, 4 month(s) ago
My husband and I would love to adopt! We have two beautiful children 4 and 2! Both pregnancy were very complicated! I am scared to try again, but we would love to have more children! We live out in the counrty in a small town, but close to good schools and good hospitals. We are God loving Chrisitans. I will soon be a certified teacher and my husband is a sawyer at a saw mill! We are simple humble people...nothing fancy, but full of love, faith, kindness, and joy! We want the very best for our children. I want them to look back and just remember how happy, fun, precious their childhood's were! I pray that goods helps them to grow, develpoe, be healthy, happy, kind, loving christians! Our children are everything to us and any more children to come would be the same! My husband came from a large family and I would love to give all my childrent the same experience of having brothers and sisiters! College funds are already available and waiting for all our children. No matter what you decide make sure it is what is right for you...and your baby! I wish you the best and will pray your baby will find its way into the perfect arms...whethere it be ours, someone elses, or yours!! You can e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com Even if you just need a friend to talk to! It's your baby and you will know what is best to do! I suggest praying! When I say that I sometimes get a weird look, but it honestly helps! God can and will bring you through what ever the need may be! Bless you and your little one! :)
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8 years, 5 month(s) ago
i have 8 months old baby boy for adoption , please only serious adoptive parents should contact me for more information and pictures of my baby . u can ----- e-mail ------ me ------------ at ( firstname.lastname@example.com )
Thx . Raffaella .
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8 years, 5 month(s) ago
Hi my name is kim,I can't have children!! But five yrs ago a mother
Intrusted me to luv an care for her 6 month old!! To day he is my world!! My husban an didn't realize u could love a child so much!! He is are every thing!! Now he is asking brother or sister!! An we would luv to adopt again!! My Lil man (korbin) is the greatest gift I've river been entrusted with!! I'm a stay @ home mom it's the best job in the world!! I don't know how you fell about open adoption?? We have one with my 5 yr old!! He knows his bio mom & Luvs her very much!! He knows she Luvs him very much!! But she was unable to care for hi!! We also told him that she the greatest gift of all him!! You can contact me @ 228-234-3565or email me @ email@example.com
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8 years, 6 month(s) ago
Hi, my husband and I want a baby more than anything in the world, we would love to talk to you and just see if we are a fit. Please contact me email@example.com
Dear... Most people enjoy the inferiority of their best friends. Please if U don't mind can we be friends and get to know each other slowly like the beautiful butterflies comes out from their lavers slowly ( smiles). I will like you to contact me directly with my email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Thanks and remain bless...
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8 years, 7 month(s) ago
we would like to meet with u ,we cant have children and its our dream we were thinking about open adoption that way their is no red tape just a lawyer fee my husbands works brings home 5,000 a month and i stay home. please contact us email@example.com or 865-466-1405
please email me personally i really want to help godzchild1991 at yahoo.com
don't give up your child
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8 years, 8 month(s) ago
hello me and my husband are wanting to adopt a baby he is black and i am white we live in georgia and i am a stay at home mom i am 39 and he is 40 we have grown kids so this will be the only child living at home and will be taking good care of we have been having a child together and cant please we really want a child we go to church and very active with chuch thanks email me firstname.lastname@example.com
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8 years, 8 month(s) ago
Hi, my name is Heather. My husband and I have been wanting to adopt for a very long time. We live in a small town with great people. We have 3 children and would love to add to our family. We have been foster parents for 3 years because we are a very loving family. If you are interested in looking for an adoptive family we would love to talk to you. Your child will be very loved, and you would bless us with a very precious gift. Please email me at email@example.com
Hello my name is Melanie. I'm a 39 year old woman who had to have a totally hysterectomy years ago before I was able to have a child of my own. I'm looking to adopt a newborn and provide it a wonderful loving home and extended family. I am a licensed independent social worker in Ohio and am just completing my PhD in Human Services Administration. I am financially stable and have the potential for a lucrative future in my field. I own my own home and reside with my kin Mother who is eager to be an in home grammy. I also have my two parents, sister/brother in law, nephews, and grandmother all within a couple hours of my home and they are ready to add to our family. I am single but believe that if it is meant to be the right person will come into my life. I do, however, have strong male role models in my world who can serve as mentors for a wonderful young child. I am a Christian who believes that there are many paths to spiritual growth and each person has to find that path for themselves with guidance, love, and support. I hope that you consider me for the adoption of the gift that you have within you. I am open to any and all questions you may have. Please contact me and I will be happy to discuss anytime night or day.
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8 years, 9 month(s) ago
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8 years, 10 month(s) ago
Hi from Lisa-rae
I would love to adopt more babies..
I have an amazing daughter Jade but never could have more...Jade is an amazing daughter , loving kind caring educated ,sweet ,with the biggest loving heart and extremely talented...
I help raise a 2 yr old little girl called summer ... this little girl belongs to one of Jades young friends , he is a young dad and works full time and the mum just disappeared so I have his daughter Summer 13 hours a day just to help him out..
I would love to adopt ! but like I do with Summer and Jake , if your unsure about adoption I'm sure I could help you out with your baby too if you need it.
either way feel free to contact us anytime,so we can get to know each other as we truely are a loving caring giving family
0405 442 886
hi my name is yen..i just found out im pregnant..im from philippines....i do not want the baby because i am the only hope for my sisters and i am still studying i do not want to disapoint my father.........i want to keep the baby and do not want to abortion or anything. but i have no work and ca nnot support the baby...so i consider others to adopt my baby instead after i deliverd...but my problem is I have financial problem raising the baby...........if someone will help me raise this child and will raise my child and care and treat like their own child i would love to let them adopt it.....thanks...........
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8 years, 11 month(s) ago
I am a citizen of UK. I worked with the missionary in the UK before my husband died.So i was sent to Cameroon were i finally lost my job because i was not regular in attendance to my job because of my baby's health due to the climatic conditions.More still my passport got missing and things became more rough and i could not return to Britain. When things became worst i had to go stay with my Parish Pastor since i was unable to pay my house bills.He welcome me but his wife does not, this make me know that she does not love me because when the pastor always leave the state for seminars she always treats me badly.Am giving out my baby due to the following;cause i cannot take good care of him;the climatic condition here is not good for him because it makes him sick.Please will love to give out my baby to a loving caring and God fearing family;Hope to read from you and know more about you. I will want it legal.Stay blessed.email email@example.com
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9 years, 1 month(s) ago
Hi, were do you live ? I would like to hear more please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com. Thanks, D
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9 years, 3 month(s) ago
would the seventeen year old girl that is pregnant please email me. My husband and I are looking to adopt. We have dated 8 yrs and now married 8 yrs and are ready to start a family. Hope to hear from you. D
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9 years, 3 month(s) ago
i take your baby i live i nyc i trying to have one more
Hi, We are still hear if you need us. We are looking to adopt to make our family complete. I sent you a post earlier telling you about us. I recieved a message to my email from this site. So if you are still looking for a family pleases give us a chance to get to know each other. Thanks D
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9 years, 4 month(s) ago
Hello, I am sure by know you have found your family to adopt your baby and I wish you all the best. I just wished we would of had a chance to of got to know each other first. But you take care and God bless you for giving the baby life and for what choice you made there after. If you hear of anyone else keep me in your thoughts and prayers. deedeekeeth at yahoo dot com. Take care, D
Hello, My name is Karin and my husband is Chris. We are looking to adopt a baby into a loving home in Alberta. Since I am unable to have children on my own and was adopted from birth we would love to give a child the same opportunity. Chris & I offer a loving home and caring enviorment for a child and would welcome the opportunity to share our love with a baby. I would be a stay at home mom devoting all attention on our newest member of the household. If you are wanting an amazing home for your baby please contact me at email@example.com
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9 years, 4 month(s) ago
Hi, I forgot to add to contact me at deedeekeeth at yahoo dot com if you would like to talk more. Thanks D
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9 years, 5 month(s) ago
Hello, first I would like to say giving birth to your child shows you are a caring person when so many abort. Second placing your child up for adoption after the birth shows you want what you feel is best for your child. I did have a child at 14 yrs of age and raised her and that was the hardess thing I ever did. While my friends we out and about I had to not only think about my self but now a child that I was responsible for. We had our ups and downs, sometimes she thinks I am her sister. Ha Ha. But she lives 1 min from me. She made me and my husband of 8 yrs grandparents of 5 children ages 15,14,8,7,2. But at the end of the day they are just our grandchildren and nor do we see and care for them every day. We give her her space and is there when she needs. I can no longr have children and my husband and I want more than anything to raise a child together. I am from a large extended family but my husband an only child. We dated 8 yrrs and now been married 8 yrs. We are a loving and stable couple. We live and run a large farm. I would so much love to talk with you more and share more of our life with you. Thanks D
Hi, if any birthing Mother here or else where is looking to place a child for adoption; I just wanted to take a moment to let them know how sorry I am that they had to come to the decision but I am sure you have thought it over and will make the best choice for your child. I also wanted to let you know that my husband and I are looking to adopt. We have dated 8 yrs and married 8 yr. We are a stable and loving couple that is honest and down to earth. We live on and run a large farm. We would like the oppertunity to talk with you more. Please email me at email@example.com Thank You, D
Hi I'm 25 years old my husband of over 5 years is 27 we are both white. I am a nurse in Alaska and he is currently is his 9th year with the US Army as an MP. We have one son who will be 2 in June. My husband went through foster care as a child and I've cousins who were adopted and it has always been on our hearts to adopt. We live in a 3 bedroom 2 bath home on half an acre 4 blocks from baseball fields and soccer fields that we take walks to nightly with our son and 2 labs. We are a Godly family and just looking to give a child a loving home and a best friend to our son. While we are not millionaire we do make good money and can support a child in all the ways they need. We are active family who loves to camp, fish, hike and just be outside. I grew up playing sports and 4 different instruments and look forward to supporting our children in such things. We have family in california and Missouri and travel there often. If there is anything else you would like to know in considering us for your childs future please contact me any time at email@example.com thank best of luck and God Bless.
If any of you are still looking to give your baby up for adoption please read. I am 27 years old, married for five years. He is 30. We have been trying to conceive and have been unsuccessful. They told me in 2005 that I would probably never have children. We are looking to adopt, preferrably a baby but any age would make us happy. If you are needing our help please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com
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9 years, 6 month(s) ago
Hello! I commend you and your choices of doing what is best for you, your children and your baby. We could not imagine what you are going through. Truly amazing what you are doing. We have been trying to go through an adoption process for almost 2 years. We have one son and love, absolutly love being parents. This is truly the greatest gift EVER.We dream of being parents to one more child. WE are hoping for an open adoption. We do have a web site 3jtoadopt.com
if you would like to know more about us and want to contact us. Anyway, You are a strong person for doing this and we will be thinking of you.
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9 years, 7 month(s) ago
i am 17 and almost 4 months pregnant i am looking for a married couple for my child. so far my search has been unsuccessful.
I would like to talk more with you about your options. Please feel free to contact me via email. email@example.com and I can provide a phone number that you can call me on. I look forward to hearing from you. Thank you
ps please concider us to take care of your child.
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9 years, 8 month(s) ago
My name is Jessica. My husband and I have been trying to have a child for more than a year with no luck. We are looking to adopt without an agency. If anyone is still wanting to give your child up for adoption we would gladly give him or her a wonderful home. Let me tell you a little about us. Josh my husband has been in the military for over 10 years so we are very stable. We both enjoy being in the outdoors going fishing, football games, and horseback riding are our number one pastimes. Your child will be surrounded with lots of family which of course means lots of hugs and kisses. Please email me at firstname.lastname@example.com for more information about us.
I know this is a long shot but if there is anyone that would like to consider us as the perfect family let me know. Here is my story...I am caucasion and my husband is hispanic. We will be married for 8 years on Feb. 14. We have 2 beautiful children, my son is 7 and my daughter is 5. We are a happy loving family living in Oklahoma. For some reason I can't have anymore children. I am looking into adopting or becoming a legal gardian of a precious baby we can bring into our family. Please give us a chance. My email is firstname.lastname@example.com
A little more info I forgot to mention earlier... I am a stay at home mother and my husband is the one out working. We also attend Church every Sunday morning and evening and Wednesday eveings. Not only would your child be welcom into our family but our Church family as well.
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9 years, 9 month(s) ago
Hi, My Name Is Wendy And Age 23 years. I'm a nursing mother and single parent to the baby boy . I am disabled (crippled-car accident) and Due to my inability condition , i myself incapable of holding on to the responsibilitiess of raising up this child base on my financial stand , back-grown and my present condition . I'm here to get my baby boy a tenderly loving home and parents that will dedicate all his love , time and patience in raising this baby boy in a very loving environments . My baby boy is in good health , have good weights, playful and all medical reports are good. I'm healthy except of my disable condition , not a smoker nor an alcoholic . I love my baby boy very much , my placing him up for adoption is just get a family and home that i know will forever love and care for him better than i can do . Please , i will be more than just being happy to bless your with my baby boy provided you are the type of family i want for him . Please contact me via firstname.lastname@example.com . ? Thanks
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9 years, 9 month(s) ago
Are you still seeking an adoptive family for your baby?
My husband and I have been trying for years to give our daughter a brother/sister with no sucess,so adoption is a great option for us. You can contact me further on my email @ email@example.com hope to hear from you soon.
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Hi! We found your question online. We are a couple who is interested in adopting a child - we live in NYC! If you want to find out more about us, we have a parent profile website at: adoption4yourbaby.com/ Mostly, we hope you can find support through this hard time, and a path that gives you some healing and some choices that you can live with, no matter what you do. There are lots of ways to handle an adoption decision - and online chat rooms and sites where you can talk with birth-moms who have gone through giving up a child for adoption... not an easy thing. Here are some sites with information ...we hope at least some of it is still current and might be helpful : 1. BirthmomBuds.com - : birthmombuds.com - this is a site that offers a mentorship program which pairs potential birth-moms with someone who has been through the whole process already and has placed a child for adoption. Here is their application page: birthmombuds.com/pbmom_form.htm They also have what they call a "buddy system" which has a page at: birthmombuds.com/buddy_system.htm There is allot of stuff including stories from birth-moms and adoptive moms on this site. See what you think! 2. AdoptionOpen.com - adoptionopen.com/adoptionevents/index.html seems to be a site with a lot of adoption resources from all points of view – that of birth-parent, prospective adoptive parent, and adopted person, including online support forums. Not all the links I tried were current, but there is a Birth-mom Support link that was… and it is linked to the BirthMomBuds site and a bunch of others too. One fun page they had was a list of famous people who were either adopted, were adoptive parents or birth-parents: adoptionopen.com/famousadoptions.html 3. Adoption.com has all sorts of blogs, info, etc. – but unlike many sites that deal only with families who are seeking to adopt a child this site seems to have a whole section that offers resources for birth-parents. You have to sign in or become a member to view things, but the page on this site that leads you to the birth-parent section is: forums.adoption.com/birthparents You can contact us if you want to at email@example.com We wish you well no matter what. Martha & Paul
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Commonly referred to as the Chanel (French: Chanel) is a coco Chanel in 1909, the dress shop establishs in Paris. The small shop began to sell only ladies tire, but in a year KangBang relocated to Rue street (Cambon). From its brilliant shop flag chanel no (1921 May, when perfume creation is presented to chanel Beaux division of multiple choice, chanel perfumes almost no hesitate to choose 5, then become chanel no.). And popular chanel suit - an elegant design, including knee skirt and capable of short jacket with wool woven, traditionally, black CaiBian and aureate buttons, worn with big pearl necklace. zenith-shopping.com/Fashion-shoes/Chanel-1027/index_1.html
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14 Comments
She's an adorable combo of you both 🙂 We both definitely have our mini-me. My son looks just like his daddy more and more everyday and my daughter, every one says, looks just like me.
before I got to the bottom of your post, I thought: she looks like your hubs in the eyes, but has your smile….:)
WOW!!! You guys were such, SUCH cute babies. That's all I have to say. My kids look like my hubby more than me, I think. I just thought all my kids would be spittin' images of my little sister (who looks so much like me that everyone called her Mini-me when we were growing up). But none of them do. They are all big hulky kids that resemble their dad in smile and in walk and talk and everything. But its nice to see their daddy in them… love it.And, Giovanna is a doll! What beautiful children you have 🙂
She is SOOOOO cute I just can't get over it! She looks kind of like one of my boys (Isaiah) hehe. Our boys look like both of us…Julian looks a lot like his daddy when he was a baby and Isaiah looks like me 🙂
G has your eyes but the rest is all daddy! My Michael looks like me and Griff looks like Sean.I have the same printer and we have issues with it, too. Still love my Canon camera, though!
I definetly see you in her smile! I think he looks the most like Emile, so I guess I think she looks like your husband.
Depending on the angle or what expression she has on her face, I think she looks like you both!Gunnar is a clone of my husband, but he has the shape of my eyes. In fact, the kid looks so unlike me that people have actually asked if he's mine.
It's a mix with us. Kate has my shape of eyes, so everyone says she looks just like me, but really everything BESIDES her eyes are Craig. And it's the exact opposite situation with Maddie.
I agree. I think she does have your smile, but I think she's got her daddy's eyes. She is gorgeous. Both your children are beautiful.I absolutely love the quote on your blog header. One of my favorite ever.
Ohhhh, she's beautiful. My first daughter looks like her dad, except she has my hair and eyes.My second daughter looks like my mom, but she has her dad's green eyes.My son looks like his dad, but he has my eyes. But you said it beautifully — when it's all said and done, they look like themselves.
GORGEOUS bubba! I think I'm in love.My children all look like an exact combination of my husband and me. Bit freaky. But it works.
PS – I found you on Blogflow… what a great site. I loved the name of your blog so I clicked on it. So glad I did.
No doubt she looks like DAD! She is so cute!
Think she's just beautiful. A friend of mine told me a long time ago that raising a child is rather like watching yourself grow up.I like that idea… 🙂


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Jack Hunsley
- Sep 26, 2010
- 922
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Nico Hulkenberg has claimed that his future may lie in the World Endurance Championship if he continues to struggle to find a competitive Formula One drive.
Despite being regularly touted for success in Formula One off the back of several impressive performances and a stellar rookie career which more than rivals current World Champion Lewis Hamilton's, Hulkenberg has regularly been overlooked for top drives.
Meanwhile his 2015 Force India seems to be a step down from last years car, with Hulkenberg and team mate Sergio Perez finishing last weekends Bahrain Grand Prix 12th and 8th compared to their 5th and 3rd placed finishes in 2014.
Hulkenberg said that whilst his goal is still 'to win races and become world champion... maybe (Porsche) is a new home for the future', before adding that has not been in contact with any teams over a drive for 2016.
On his chances for the rest of the Formula One season, Hulkenberg admitted that 'it is not an easy situation' and that 'the reality is that right now we are simply too slow and can't do very much.'
Hulkenberg will make his Porsche and WEC debut at the 6 Heures de Spa-Francorchamps in two weeks time.


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University rankings
The University of Trento has confirmed its position among the top places of the national rankings, and it is well positioned in the international ones. This result is due, in particular, to the University's ability to finance itself, its success in scientific research, its ability to look towards Europe and the world, and to the satisfaction of the students.
The Italian public and national mass media have been highlighting for years the quality of the University of Trento, as emerging from the excellent positioning in the various rankings, published on the Italian magazines and newspapers among which one of the most popular is the "Grande Guida Università" published by the Italian newspaper "la Repubblica", in cooperation with Censis Servizi.
In the last edition (2016-2017) the University of Trento ranks first again, confirming the same final score as last year with 99.8 points. Our University is placed at the top of the general ranking and is leading the ranking of medium-sized universities (those with 10,000 to 20,000 students).
The performance indicators concerning "communication and digital events" (108), "facilities" (103) and "scholarships and students aid" (102) played a key role for the final score.
In the 2012 Campus Guide to university, published in July 2011, the University of Trento has positioned itself in third place among general universities (with various disciplines) with a number of 10.000 to 50.000 students enrolled.
The ranking measures university performances according to students' performances, the appropriateness of structures, the quality of services, the value of research, internationalization, but it also evaluates important aspects for student life such as how qualifications can be used, the transparency of information, evaluation. The average taxation is calculated according to the total resources of the University.
By the last Sole 24 Ore ranking of the best Italian State Universities, the University of Trento is 2nd.
The main strong points are the high percentage of students enrolled from outside the Trentino region (indicator "Attractiveness"), the number of suitable students that received a scholarship ("Grants"), the positive percentage of credits achieved by the Trento students abroad compared to the total ("International Mobility"), the extremely positive judgements received by the research production ("Research"), the ability of our professors to attract resources for research projects ("External fundings").
The ANVUR Report on the Evaluation of Quality of Research places the University of Trento first as for the scientific production in the category of middle-sized Italian universities. ANVUR evaluated the scientific production of 133 institutions, including 95 universities and 38 research institutes.
The University of Trento obtained a mark higher than the national mean score in 11 disciplinary areas out of the 16 evaluated ones.
7 Departments of the University of Trento ranked among the first three in the relevant rankings.
The international positioning is clearly outlined in the contents of the independent sources such as QS-Quacquarelli Symonds and Times.
Excellent position for the University of Trento in the World University Ranking 2016-2017 by the Times Higher Education magazine, which ranks of the best universities in the world and examined 980 universities in 79 countries worldwide.
The University of Trento has been ranked in the 201-250 group, with the University of Bologna and the Milan's Politecnico.
In the QS World University Rankings 2016-2017, the University of Trento has been ranked in the 8th position among the 28 Italian Universities assessed, in the 441-450 group. The University of Trento also obtained the best Italian position in the "international faculty ratio" performance indicator (proportion of international faculty members). It has been ranked 322nd in the world.


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Long information
What is it and how is it used?
CellCept capsules are used to prevent your body rejecting a transplanted kidney, heart or liver. CellCept is used together with other medicines known as ciclosporin and corticosteroids.
|Table of Contents
|What do you have to consider before using it?
|How is it used?
|What are possible side effects?
|How should it be stored?
|Further information
What do you have to consider before using it?
Do not take CellCept:
- If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid or any of the other ingredients of CellCept.
- If you are breastfeeding.
Take special care with CellCept:
You should inform your doctor immediately:
- If you experience any evidence of infection (e.g. fever, sore throat), unexpected bruising and/or bleeding.
- If you have or ever have had any problems with your digestive system, e.g., stomach ulcers.
- If you are planning to become pregnant, or if you fall pregnant while taking CellCept.
CellCept reduces your body?s defence mechanism. Because of this, there is an increased risk of skin cancer. Therefore you should limit your exposure to sunlight and UV light by wearing appropriate protective clothing and using a sunscreen with a high protection factor.
Taking other medicines:
Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, or have recently taken, any other medicines, even those not prescribed.
If you answer yes to any of the following questions talk to your doctor before you start to take CellCept:
- Are you taking any medicines containing: azathioprine or other immunosuppressive agents (which are sometimes given to patients after a transplant operation), cholestyramine (used to treat patients with high blood cholesterol), rifampicin (antibiotic), antacids, phosphate binders (used in patients with chronic renal failure to reduce the absorption of phosphate) or any other medicines (including those you can buy without a prescription) that your doctor does not know about?
- Do you need to receive vaccines (live vaccines)? Your doctor will have to advise you what is indicated for you.
Taking CellCept with food and drink:
Taking food and drink has no influence on your treatment with CellCept.
Pregnancy and breast-feeding:
Use of CellCept during pregnancy may cause miscarriage or damage to your unborn baby (abnormal development of ears for example).
If you plan to become pregnant, discuss with your doctor alternative medicines to best prevent rejection of your transplanted organ. In certain situations, you and your doctor may decide that the benefits of taking CellCept for your health are more important than the possible risks to your unborn baby.
If you become pregnant while taking CellCept, do not stop taking it, but tell your doctor about your pregnancy as soon as possible.
Do not take CellCept if you are:
- Breast-feeding
- Pregnant (unless your doctor clearly tells you)
Tell your doctor straight away if:
- You think you may be pregnant
- You are breast-feeding
- You plan to start a family in the near future
You must always use an effective method of birth control:
- Before you start taking CellCept
- During your entire treatment with CellCept
- For 6 weeks after you stop taking CellCept
You should talk to your doctor about the most suitable methods for birth control for you based on your individual situation.
Women who are capable of becoming pregnant must have a negative pregnancy test BEFORE starting treatment with CellCept.
You are a woman who is not capable of becoming pregnant if any of the following applies to you:
- You are post-menopausal, i.e. at least 50 years old and your last period was more than a year ago (if your periods have stopped because you have had treatment for cancer, then there is still a chance you could become pregnant).
- Your fallopian tubes and both ovaries have been removed (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy).
- Your uterus has been surgically removed (hysterectomy).
- You have premature failure of the ovaries, confirmed by a specialist gynaecologist.
- You have been diagnosed with one of the following rare conditions that some patients are born with that make pregnancy impossible: the XY genotype, Turner?s syndrome or uterine agenesis.
- You are a child/teenager who has not started having periods, and cannot become pregnant.
Driving and using machines:
CellCept has not been shown to impair your ability to drive or operate machinery.
How is it used?
Always take CellCept exactly as your doctor has told you. You should check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure. The usual way to take CellCept is as follows:
Kidney Transplant
The first dose will be given within 72 hours after the transplant operation. The recommended dailydose is 8 capsules (2 g of the active ingredient) taken as 2 separate doses. This means taking 4 capsules in the morning then 4 capsules in the evening.
Children (aged 2 to 18 years):
The dose given will vary depending on the size of the child. Your doctor will decide the most appropriate dose based on body surface area (height and weight). The recommended dose is 600 mg/m 2 taken twice a day.
Heart Transplant
The first dose will be given within 5 days following the transplant operation. The recommended daily dose is 12 capsules (3 g of the active ingredient) taken as 2 separate doses. This means taking 6 capsules in the morning then 6 capsules in the evening.
No data are available to recommend the use of CellCept in children who have received a heart transplant.
Liver Transplant
The first dose of oral CellCept will be given to you at least 4 days after the transplant operation and when you are able to swallow oral medications. The recommended daily dose is 12 capsules (3 g of the active ingredient) taken as 2 separate doses. This means taking 6 capsules in the morning then 6 capsules in the evening.
No data are available to recommend the use of CellCept in children who have received a liver transplant.
Method and route of administration
Swallow your capsules whole with a glass of water. Do not break or crush them and do not take any capsules that have broken open or split. Avoid contact with any powder that spills out from damaged capsules. If a capsule breaks open accidentally, wash any powder from your skin with soap and water. If any powder gets into your eyes or mouth, rinse thoroughly with plenty of plain, fresh water.
Treatment will continue for as long as you need immunosuppression to prevent you rejecting your transplanted organ.
If you take more CellCept than you should:
If you take more capsules than you have been told to take, or if someone else accidentally takes your medicine, immediately see a doctor or go to a hospital straight away.
If you forget to take CellCept:
If you forget to take your medicine at any time, take it as soon as you remember, then continue to take it at the usual times.
If you stop taking CellCept:
Stopping your treatment with CellCept may increase the chance of rejection of your transplanted organ. Do not stop taking your medicine unless your doctor tells you to.
If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor.
What are possible side effects?
Like all medicines, CellCept can have side effects, although not everybody gets them. Some of the more usual problems are diarrhoea, fewer white cells and/or red cells in your blood, infection and vomiting. Your doctor will do regular blood tests to monitor any changes in the number of your blood cells or changes in the levels of any of the substances carried in your blood, e.g. sugar, fat, cholesterol. Children may be more likely than adults to have side effects such as diarrhoea, infections, fewer white cells and fewer red cells in the blood.
CellCept reduces your body?s own defence mechanisms to stop you rejecting your transplanted kidney, heart or liver. Consequently your body will not be as good as normal at fighting infections. So if you are taking CellCept you may therefore catch more infections than usual, such as infections of the brain, skin, mouth, stomach and intestines, lungs and urinary tract. As can happen in patients taking this type of medicine, a very small number of CellCept patients have developed cancer of the lymphoid tissues and skin.
General unwanted effects affecting your body as a whole could include hypersensitivity (such as anaphylaxis, angioeodema), fever, lethargy, difficulty in sleeping, pains (such as abdominal, chest, joint/muscle, pain on passing urine), headache, flu symptoms and swelling.
Other unwanted effects may include:
Disorders of the skin such as acne, cold sores, shingles, skin growth, hair loss, rash,itching.
Urinary disorders such as kidney problems or the urgent need to pass urine.
Disorders of the digestive system and mouth such asconstipation, nausea, indigestion, pancreas inflammation, intestinal disorders including bleeding, inflammation of the stomach, liver problems, inflammation of the colon, loss of appetite, flatulence, swelling of the gums and mouth ulcers.
Disorders of the nerves and senses such as convulsions, tremor, dizziness, depression, drowsiness, numbness, muscle spasms, anxiety, changes in thinking or mood.
Metabolic, blood and vascular disorders such as weight loss, gout, high blood sugar, bleeding, bruises, change in blood pressure, abnormal heart beat and dilation of blood vessels may be seen.
Disorders of the lungs such aspneumonia, bronchitis, shortness of breath, cough, fluid on the lungs/chest cavity, sinus problems.
If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet whilst you are taking CellCept, please tell your doctor or pharmacist. However, do not stop taking your medicine unless you have discussed this with your doctor first.
How should it be stored?
Keep out of the reach and sight of children.
Do not use the capsules after the expiry date stated on the carton (EXP).
Do not store above 30°C.
Store in the original package in order to protect from moisture.
Medicines should not be disposed of via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to dispose of medicines no longer required. These measures will help to protect the environment.
Further information
What CellCept contains
- The active substance is mycophenolate mofetil.
- The other ingredients are:
CellCept capsules:
pregelatinised maize starch
croscarmellose sodium
polyvidone (K-90)
magnesium stearate
Capsule shells:
indigo carmine (E132)
yellow iron oxide (E172)
red iron oxide (E172)
titanium dioxide (E171)
black iron oxide (E172)
potassium hydroxide
What CellCept looks like and contents of the pack
CellCept 250 mg capsules 1 carton contains 100 capsules in blister packs of 10 1 carton contains 300 capsules in blister packs of 10
Capsules, hard:
CellCept capsules are oblong, blue/brown, branded with black "CellCept 250" on the capsule cap and "Company logo" on the capsule body.
Marketing Authorisation Holder
Roche Registration Limited
6 Falcon Way
Shire Park
Welwyn Garden City
United Kingdom
Manufacturing Authorisation holder responsible for batch release
Roche Pharma AG, Emil Barell Str. 1, 79639 Grenzach Wyhlen, Germany.
For any information about this medicinal product, please contact the local representative of the Marketing Authorisation Holder:
LuxembourgLuxemburg Voirsiehe BelgiqueBelgien BelgiëBelgiqueBelgien N.V. Roche S.A. TélTel 32 0 2 525 82 11
359 2 818 44 44 Magyarország Roche Magyarország Kft. Tel 36 - 23 446 800
Malta See United Kingdom eská republika Roche s. r. o. Tel 420 - 2 20382111
Danmark Roche as Tlf 45 - 36 39 99 99 Nederland Roche Nederland B.V. Tel 31 0 348 438050
Deutschland Roche Pharma AG Tel 49 0 7624 140 Norge Roche Norge AS Tlf 47 - 22 78 90 00
Eesti Roche Eesti OÜ Tel 372 - 6 177 380 Österreich Roche Austria GmbH Tel 43 0 1 27739
Roche Hellas A.E. 30 210 61 66 100 Polska Roche Polska Sp.z o.o. Tel 48 - 22 345 18 88
España Roche Farma S.A. Tel 34 - 91 324 81 00 Portugal Roche Farmacêutica Química, Lda Tel 351 - 21 425 70 00
France Roche Tél 33 0 1 46 40 50 00 România Roche România S.R.L. Tel 40 21 206 47 01
Ireland Roche Products Ireland Ltd. Tel 353 0 1 469 0700 Slovenija Roche farmacevtska druba d.o.o. Tel 386 - 1 360 26 00
Slovenská republika Roche Slovensko, s.r.o. Tel 421 - 2 52638201 Ísland Roche as co Icepharma hf Sími 354 540 8000
Italia Roche S.p.A. Tel 39 - 039 2471 SuomiFinland Roche Oy PuhTel 358 0 10 554 500
K .. . 357 - 22 76 62 76 Sverige Roche AB Tel 46 0 8 726 1200
Latvija Roche Latvija SIA Tel 371 - 6 7039831 United Kingdom Roche Products Ltd. Tel 44 0 1707 366000
UAB ?Roche Lietuva?
Tel: +370 5 2546799
This leaflet was last approved in {MM/YYYY}


text:
Monday marks the official observance of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday. To honor the occasion, "Connecticut First" is airing a special edition of the weekday news segment with Eric Clemmons. Watch the segment below or catch it on CPTV on Monday at 6:56 pm. It tells the story of the two summers King spent in Simsbury picking tobacco while on college break.
Governor Dannel Malloy recalled King with a statement below, and provided the text of a proclamation to mark the day:
"I am proud to be the governor of a state that was one of the first to enact an official statewide observance of Dr. Martin Luther King's birthday – 12 years before the date was recognized as a national holiday. Dr. King's timeless message continues to touch the lives of so many contemporary Americans more than 40 years after his death, serving as an inspiration to all of us to undertake what Dr. King called a 'new revolution of values based on love, compassion and justice.' As we reflect on the life of this great man, I am committed to doing my part to honor and carry on Dr. King's legacy and ask others to join me in working towards Dr. King's vision of a society that guarantees equality, justice, and freedom for all."


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Where a child is suspected to be suffering, or likely to suffer, significant harm, the local authority is required by s47 of the Children Act 1989 to make enquiries, to enable it to decide whether it should take any action to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child.
Responsibility for undertaking s47 enquiries lies with local authority children's in whose area the child lives or is found.
Child Protection Enquiries will result in one of the following outcomes:
- Concerns are unfounded;
- Concerns remain but no real evidence to substantiate;
- Concerns are substantiated but child not judged to be at continuing risk;
- Child judged to be at continuing risk of significant harm.
Where the concerns prove to be unfounded, the decision must be made that that no further action is necessary. Before this conclusion may be drawn, the child, any other children in the household and the child's carers must all have been seen and spoken to. This outcome would represent the end of the core assessment.
Where there is no real evidence that harm has been caused to the child, but social services maintain concerns over the welfare of the child, a Section 17 multi-agency plan will be drawn up to address the child's safety as well as welfare needs. Part of this may include the establishing of arrangements to monitor the child's welfare.
In certain circumstances, it may be established that the child has indeed suffered significant harm, but evidence is that there is no continuing risk of harm to the child.
Such circumstances would include:
- The family's circumstances have changed;
- The person responsible for the harm is no longer in contact with the child;
- The significant harm was incurred as the result of an isolated abusive incident e.g. abuse by a stranger.
Where concerns are substantiated, but it is agreed that a child protection conference is unnecessary, a plan must be still be drawn up to set out:
- Who is responsible for which actions;
- The intended outcomes for the child's health and development;
- The timescale for the actions;
- How progress will be reviewed and by whom;
- What course of action should be followed if the plan is not being successfully implemented.
Should it occur that the risk assessment finds that the child is at continuing risk of significant harm, a child protection conference must immediately be convened.
The children's social worker is responsible for recording the outcome of the s47 enquiries consistent with the requirements of the relevant recording system. The outcome should be put on the child's electronic record with a clear record of the discussions.
Notification, verbal or written, of the outcome of the enquiries, including an evaluation of the outcome for the child, should be given to all the agencies who have been significantly involved, the parents and children of sufficient age and appropriate level of understanding, in particular in advance of any initial child conference that is convened.


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Government rejects SF Bill to rebalance repossession rules in favour of home owner.
Minister of State Paschal Donohoe said the Attorney General was considering the requirement that in repossession proceedings a court could instruct a lending institution to 'respect the terms of any tenancy agreement in place'.
Banks may be forced to respect tenancy agreements on repossessed houses in proposals under consideration by the Attorney General's office and the Department of Environment.
Minister of State Paschal Donohoe told the Dáil the State's legal advisor was considering the requirement that in repossession proceedings a court could instruct a lending institution to "respect the terms of any tenancy agreement in place and to assume the responsibility of the landlord in that tenancy agreement".
The change would be made in an amendment to the Residential Tenancies Bill, which has already been through the Dáil but has yet to go through the Seanad.
The provision is one of the measures sought by Sinn Féin finance spokesman Pearse Doherty in his Land and Conveyancing Law Reform (Amendment) Bill, but the Government has rejected the legislation.
Mr Doherty's Bill aims to rebalance the rules to favour the protection of the family home. He said it was "not a free ride for anybody" but made repossession of the family home an option in only the most extreme cases.
The legislation seeks to rebalance "one of the most shameful measures taken by the Government" to deal with the Dunne High Court judgment which prevented home repossessions because of a loophole in the law.
Mr Doherty said the Land and Conveyancing Reform Act was a "brutal and cynical move with one purpose - to facilitate the repossession of family homes by lenders".
The crux of his Bill "is about empowering the court to take in a broader understanding of a repossession and ultimately put the burden of proof on the lender".
The Bill provides for the adjournment period in litigation to be extended to six months which would allow more time for the insolvency process to develop and would "prevent banks simply ignoring the personal insolvency process".
And if the worst came to the worst families would be given at least six months to leave their home and nine months if they had children. The Bill also provides that tenants in a repossessed property would have their contracts fully respected.
Mr Doherty said the Dunne judgment was an unsustainable solution but "Fine Gael and Labour intentionally removed that safeguard, knowing well that they were not replacing it with any real protection for struggling families".
But the Minister rejected his claims and said the Government had taken many measures to respond to the scale of the personal debt crisis and the vast strain it exerted on society. This included the implementation of personal insolvency legislation and the establishment of the Insolvency Service of Ireland. Mr Donohoe said he dealt in his constituency with families in financial trouble and was "absolutely conscious of the difficulties and strain" on families terrified of losing their home.
He also said the Government had a duty to "the huge number of taxpayers who have put in place measures to support the banking system". And he said existing legislation gave the courts "a very broad margin of discretion" when dealing with repossession cases.
He added that some of the measures would "reduce the ability of courts to take account of the specific circumstances of the families and individuals in front of them".


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Never have I seen a market with such little market inventory - properties for sale. Many owners, myself included, have said 'If you don't need to sell, sit on it", the market is still rising. But, this is also the best time to unload what I call, 'less desirable properties' and put them up for sale.
In a normal market, these properties are difficult to sell and they sell at a discount. However, in today's market, they will sell at full value and quickly.
So what do I mean by less desirable properties? Sell that condo on the second floor overlooking the garbage bins. Sell that condo on the fifth floor that sits beside the Gardiner with windows that are never allowed to open, and sell that condo gets no sunlight. You know what I'm talking about.
Never has there been a better time for sellers to unload a property that would only sell for a big discount in a normal market.


text:
What started out as just a crazy idea, turned out to be some of the most unique, coolest senior pictures I have ever done!
I wanted to find a way to reward my senior models who did a good job promoting my studio. I wanted to give them something that they have never seen done before… something no other photographer could pull off! Heck, at the time, I didn't even know if I could pull it off lol.
Now, I think this is going to be an annual event, reserved for my best models! Annual, that is… until I think of something even better! 🙂


text:
Economists typically try to infer investors' motives and beliefs by observing prices, quantities, and choices, but the lack of randomised experiments makes drawing convincing conclusions difficult. This column presents the findings from a different approach – directly asking investors about their motives and beliefs. Rather than a small number of dominant factors, it finds substantial support for many of the leading theories of what drives portfolio equity shares.
James Choi, Adriana Z. Robertson, 21 October 2018
Rüdiger Bachmann, Peter Zorn, 02 March 2018
A long-standing question in macroeconomic research pertains to the causes of business cycle fluctuations in macroeconomic variables like output and investment. This column uses survey data from the German manufacturing sector to show that aggregate variations in investment and output are mainly due to aggregate demand shocks. These shocks resemble swings in business and consumer sentiment but, for the most part, have no obvious relation to macroeconomic policy.


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The early Georgian Christmas
The Christmas of George I's court has to be seen in the light of the English Civil War (1642–1651) and the period following the abolition of the monarchy, known as the Commonwealth or Interregnum ('between reigns'). This interregnum lasted from 1649 – 1660, and was effectively a period of parliamentary and military rule, with Oliver Cromwell at its head.
Cromwell, a deeply religious and puritanical man, tried his best to eradicate the bad behaviour and riotousness associated with the festive season, transforming it into a sober religious day, to be celebrated with prayer rather than gluttony. Christmas was effectively abolished under the Commonwealth, and when it was re-established in 1660 it was never quite the same again.
'More mischief is at that time committed than in all the year besides, what masking and mumming, whereby robbery, whoredom, murder and what not is committed? What dicing and carding, what eating and drinking, what banqueting and feasting is then used…to the great dishonour of God and impoverishing of the realm'.
(From The Anatomie of Abuses by Philip Stubbes, 1583)
Cromwell and his puritanical followers disapproved the way in which Christmas was seen as an excuse for 12 days of drinking, eating and partying, and argued that there was no justification for it in the Bible. The pinch point came in 1644, when Christmas day fell on a Wednesday – a fast day – and, under pressure from the Scottish, who were unyielding on points of Puritan custom, Parliament ordered that the 25 December should be kept as a fast day.
The Mayor of Canterbury decreed that evergreen decorations were banned, as were plum pies. No services were to be held in churches, while markets and shops were forced to open. Parliament shut down the theatres, and sent soldiers to tear down the evergreens. There were riots in response and several people were killed, as mobs forced the shutters on shops closed, and gangs of youths played football in the streets in flagrant breach of the law.
'They were of opinions that… Plumb-Pottage was mere Popery, that a Collar of Brawn was an abomination, that Roast Beef was Antichristian, that Mince Pies were Relics of the Whore of Babylon, and a Goose, a Turkey, or a Capon, were marks of the Beast'
(From the 1652 pamphlet The Faithful Scout)
The impact of the Interregnum on Christmas was lasting and significant. The Twelve Days were never again to be treated with the same importance as they once were, and, although many still celebrated the whole period, the significance of the individual feast days within the period diminished. 'Christmas scarcely should we know, did not the almanacks it show', declared Poor Robin's Almanack in 1709, and some churches complained that they were now empty on Christmas Day as people stayed away or travelled to see friends and family. Dissenters, of which there were many, opened their shops on Christmas Day to show their disdain for the whole thing.
Some foods had by now become irrevocably associated with Christmas, although many still continued to be eaten at other feast occasions in winter. With the demise of the Twelve Days, Christmas foods were now increasingly associated with only the main meal on the 25 December. Plum pottage, for example, was sometimes now called Christmas pottage and Christmas Day without mince pies was unthinkable. For landowners, large quantities of seasonal game from the estate continued to be a significant feature of the main Christmas Day meal (as with any other dinners during the winter). For both the rich and those who had to buy their meat as opposed to hunt it, farmed birds provided other main source of meat. Turkey remained popular, eclipsing peacock as a large feast bird, and was now almost obligatory on a rich person's Christmas table.
Roast beef was also well-liked, especially accompanied by a new development: the plum pudding. This was a thickened version of the plum pottage, cooked in a wetted and floured cloth. Rapidly becoming a winter staple, it could be made in advance if necessary (although most recipes assumed it would be cooked and served straight away). Together with roast beef, plum pudding came to symbolise Britishness, in culinary form. The pudding was eaten throughout winter, either served hot from the cloth, or sliced and fried. Cloths had been in use on a small scale for puddings by the late medieval period, but it was in the late Stuart and early Georgian eras that they became widely used. By the 1750s ceramic moulds provided an alternative, but the cloth was quick, easy and effective, and the spherical pudding quickly became compulsory on every Christmas table.
Figure 1: Queen Caroline's Christmas Day menu from 1736
The royal table was no exception to these staple Christmas fares. In 1736 George II was in Hanover for Christmas but his queen, Caroline, ate her Christmas dinner on the 25 December at Kensington Palace. You can see the menu for this in the image above. Her first course consisted of plum broth [pottage], minced pyes, potage bourjoirs [bourgeois], fileted and broiled pullets [broiled is also known as grilled]. As well as, fricassee of veal, squabs with noodles and asparagus [a squab is a young pigeon], and Easterlings ragoo'd and carbon'd [an Easterling is another name for a widgeon which is a type of duck, and the ragoo/carbonade denotes a rich preparation with a sauce based on fashionable French techniques].
The soup and broth/pottage were then replaced by dishes of roast pork or a roast turkey with watercress before the second course was set: salamagundy with pickles [salamagundy is a large, ornate salad which usually included a layered meat centrepiece], broiled turbot and lobsters, egg, cheese and jellies. There were also composite dishes of roast snipes, partridges and quails; teals [a type of duck], larks and chickens, as well as broiled oysters, fried liver, celery and cheese, apple fritters, marrow pudding [bone marrow, not an overgrown courgette/zucchini], and two additional dishes of hasty pudding and milk jelly.
Queen Caroline's Christmas day menu can still be seen at Kensington Palace, and it features some of what we might expect to find on a Christmas dinner table today, including turkey and mince pies. We've included a recipe for Georgian mince pies to try and home; why not serve them with a napkin centrepiece from Step 3.10 and share on the Padlet Wall?
© University of Reading and Historic Royal Palaces


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"Asset" in financial community = "token" in non-financial community. The words asset, coin, currency and token are all synonymous here to some extent, in that each refers to funds on the Obyte platform.
There is a separate Token article that concentrates on the five kinds of tokens on the Obyte platform with zero or tiny monetary value, rather than those used more financially.
- 1 From the white paper
- 2 Obyte Asset Registry
- 3 Name registries
- 4 New assets
- 5 Fractional ownership
- 6 ICO bot
- 7 The ICO craze
- 8 Regulation
- 9 Bitcointalk copypasta
- 10 External links
- 11 References
From the white paper
Users can issue new assets and define rules that govern their transferability. The rules can include spending restrictions such as a requirement for each transfer to be cosigned by the issuer of the asset, which is one way for financial institutions to comply with existing regulations. Users can also issue assets whose transfers are not published to the database, and therefore not visible to third parties. Instead, the information about the transfer is exchanged privately between users, and only a hash of the transaction and a spend proof (to prevent double-spends) are published to the database.[1]
Obyte Asset Registry
Here you can create your own token/asset. You must also register[2] it before the name (instead of the hash) will display in a wallet.
- Example name: Zwib by Jore Bohne
- Example hash: ZWlbZhl6C9IsV3biDC+ngzsLq58mQ0hbwWyLBLpFLQc=
Why are you creating a token?
It is important to work out the purpose of a token before you start to create it. There can be both frivolous/trivial reasons -- where it is probably better not to create the token after all -- and serious ones where you go ahead. Examples:
Trivial reasons
- I want to see if it works: It does work. Really.
- I want to have coins in my wallet in addition to bytes and blackbytes: Download some fun-coins from the free faucet in your platform Bot Store.
- I want to see my name in the wallet: You can do this in a platform updated to a recent version (2.0+), but first you need to get a Name Registry to verify your identity, and then register the token.
Serious reasons
- As part of a well-conceived business plan: But think it through. People with zero experience using a crypto wallet are not likely to embrace the idea of exchanging Obyte tokens in any business setting. Maybe in a few years from now, but not currently.
- Family tokens, personal tokens, social tokens: See the token page for details.
The fields in the application form
Cap (money supply): Defaults to 1000, but can be between 1 and 10^15. You can only create a token with this unique hash once, so think carefully how many you need.
Auto-destroy: If you check this box, it means that any new assets/tokens sent to their defining address become unspendable, like sending something to a black hole.
Add asset details to asset directory: Look at an asset directory example[3] to see what this means.
Short name: This would be the "Credits" part of "Credits by Jore Bohne".
Decimals: Important! If you do not register the token, these will not display at all. So if you order 1000 coins with 5 decimals, you would get 1000 coins formatted as 0.10000. If you do register the coin, it will display with 5 decimals, and you cannot change this to 0 or 2 decimals. If you do not have a good purpose for decimals, leave it as the default 0.
Ticker: Limited to 5 characters, so for "Credits by John Bohne" he chose "CREDS".
Description: Put your purpose for the coin. There is no need to disclose confidential parts of your business plan, but be as helpful as possible to people who will look this up.
Issuer name: In "Credits by Jore Bohne" this is "Jore Bohne". You may want to use the name that gives the most credibility to your token. If you have verified your identity with the Obyte bot, it is best to use that name. A name registry can easily use that verified identity to register you as a coin issuer. You can also use a different bot-attested identity, like a Steem username.[4]
Push the Publish button when you are a registered issuer or you won't see the custom name, only the hash.
Name registries
This registry is operated by Peter Miklos who also runs Obyte Asset Registry[5] and a similar bot. Contact Peter directly on Slack[6] or on Twitter[7] to register your token.
New assets
Some examples:
|Zwibs [10]
|first new asset on platform
|community asset with membership-like features such as special discounts at webshops
|first asset with great random name in hash (LScaMCup...)
Titan Coin
See Wiki article Chatbot Section TitanCoin ICO for details
SilentNotary by Sigany Ltd
See Wiki article Chatbot Section SilentNotary ICO for details
See Wiki article Chatbot Section Worldopoly_ICO for details
See Wiki article Chatbot Section Nousplatform_ICO for details
Just do it
You can simply send your new (unrestricted) assets/tokens to any Obyte address, with no chat or contract needed. Copy the address, open the Send tab, find the asset/token in your drop-down box, paste the address, enter the amount, and click Send.
Caution: Be careful to send the right asset/token. Don't send someone 4 GB by mistake when you mean to send 4 Zingos. Not joking. Double-check.
With platform version 2.1, you can send any public asset -- including your newly-created one -- by textcoin.
With version 2.3, you can send any private asset -- including Blackbytes -- by digital file using email, WhatsApp etc. The recipient does not even need to have Obyte installed yet.[13]
Transaction fees
Usual transaction fees apply. So sending 9 Zingos somewhere will cost roughly 750 Bytes. At 1GB = $750, 1MB = $0.75, 1KB = $0.00075, and 750 Bytes = $0.0005, so you won't go broke.
Change addresses
See the wiki change address article if you're not sure how these work and apply here.
New assets/tokens in your wallet
You started off with 0 Bytes in your wallet. Later, you probably got some Bytes, and maybe some blackbytes. At present, maybe you also have some fun-coins from the free faucet. If you click the Send tab, you'll see a drop-down menu, and you can spend from any of your asset types.
Note that these listed asset/token types remain, even if the balance of one particular asset/token is zero. So every time someone receives some Zingos, the Zingo asset/token type gets added to their wallet asset/token list, indelibly so for now [but see section just below]. After a few of these, if they don't really want all these coin types, they act as spam.
So, please don't send your new assets/tokens to someone without asking them first if they want them.
Hidden assets
Starting with version 2.6.0, you can hide from display unused or junk assets. Goodbye NastyBytes!
There is an asset/token directory[14] where you can view details of the new assets/tokens.
Fractional ownership
Fractional ownership is a method in which several unrelated parties can share in, and mitigate the risk of, ownership of a high-value tangible asset, usually a jet, yacht or piece of resort real estate. It can be done for strictly monetary reasons, but typically there is some amount of personal access involved. One of the main motivators for a fractional purchase is the ability to share the costs of maintaining an asset that will not be used full-time by one owner. Every fractional endeavour requires some sort of management, to administer the rules and regulations (which are agreed upon before the fraction is purchased) and maintain the asset to the degree laid out in the ownership documents.[15]
Tokenization is the process of converting fractional-ownership rights to an asset into a digital token on a distributed ledger. There is great interest by financial intermediaries and technologists around the world in figuring out how to move real-world assets onto blockchains to gain the advantages of cryptocurrencies while keeping the characteristics of the asset.[16]
Obyte tokens
Could the Obyte platform be utilised in various fractional-ownership schemes? Possibly. But management, asset security and maintenance etc, complicate the picture. It would not be as straightforward as the uses seen so far.
ICO bot
TitanCoin was the first use of our ICO bot which was published on github just recently.[17] The bot is designed to help entrepreneurs raise funds and distribute their tokens, easily and securely. The current version (2018-01-07) now accepts BTC and ETH in addition to Bytes. The tokens are issued immediately after the payment is confirmed.
Identity verification for ICOs
Identity verification is now (after 18 January 2018) possible in your Obyte wallet, where you can selectively reveal some or all of name, date of birth, country, ID number, ID type to a coin issuer. The general process links a real-world identity to a specific single-address wallet, so you can still be anonymous to the coin-issuer but the coin-issuer can be confident that your real-world identity is attested. This has important KYC implications.
The ICO craze
This must-watch 9-minute video from Andreas Antonopoulos explains how ICOs will disrupt financial technology all across the spectrum; how almost all ICOs currently are bad; how regulators will try but won't be able to keep with new innovations and their rules will be unenforceable anyway; how society has to wade through hundreds of losing investments in order to finally learn what is a good ICO investment.
Be aware that fundraising via new assets/tokens on cryptocurrency platforms, sometimes issued as ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings), are increasingly being regulated in various nations. For a general overview of this by country, see here[18].
On July 25, 2017, the US SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) issued a report[19] stating that offers and sales of digital assets by "virtual" organizations are subject to the requirements of the federal securities laws. The key points from this are that:
- Digital assets can be securities
- That determination will depend on the facts and circumstances of each case (see Howey)
- Digital assets that are deemed securities are subject to U.S. securities laws.
The third point is extremely broad because securities laws are very extensive.
Howey Test
Excerpted from Findlaw.com "What is the Howey Test?[20]:
Whether a particular investment transaction involves the offer or sale of a security – regardless of the terminology or technology used – will depend on the facts and circumstances, including the economic realities of the transaction.
Under the Howey Test, a transaction is an investment contract (and thus subject to securities registration requirements) if:
- It is an investment of money
- There is an expectation of profits from the investment
- The investment of money is in a common enterprise
- Any profit comes from the efforts of a promoter or third party
Refer to the linked article for further explanation of these four points. It might be a good idea to not use the word "investment" in describing your asset/token.
Does this apply to your token/asset? Depends. The US lately has been assuming a "World Police" function, whether sanctioned by international law or not. If in doubt, consult a competent lawyer.
On September 4, 2017, the People's Bank of China declared all ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings) illegal.[21] A report from September 10 said this may be "only temporary, until local financial regulators introduce necessary regulatory frameworks and policies for both ICO investors and projects."[22] How this applies to any new asset issued on the Obyte platform is not clear.
Bitcointalk copypasta
5/29 from tonych: Developer guide for issuing new assets on [Obyte]: https://github.com/byteball/byteballcore/wiki/Issuing-assets-on-Byteball
5/30 response: It's the same purpose as ethereum tokens, except the feature is built natively in [Obyte] and you don't need to write a smart-contract to manage the assets you emitted.
5/30 from tonych (post #8739): [Examples] ICOs, shares, bonds, fiat-pegged coins, loyalty points, minutes of airtime, assets in online games, whatever you can imagine. [How traded and where] They can be immediately traded P2P via smart contracts (same as blackbytes).
External links
- https://asset.obyte.app Obyte Asset Registry
- https://firstname.lastname@example.com/byteball-asset-registration-and-issuance-under-the-hood
- https://firstname.lastname@example.com/how-to-create-byteball-assets-the-issuer
- https://www.coindesk.com/appcoin-law-part-1-icos-the-right-way/ re Howey test
- https://www.coindesk.com/secs-munchee-order-recipe-securities-law-violations/ SEC Munchee order (re Howey test)
- https://www.sec.gov/files/dlt-framework.pdf SEC Framework for "Investment Contract" Analysis of Digital Assets
- https://titan-coin.com/?lang=en TitanCoin website
- ↑ https://obyte.org/Byteball.pdf abstract
- ↑ https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQnpiwTipnBgrhSJcELOYYAOa3mTLZbmLmOebbtHFJFrfgHtlsNNZ9MPEGafvtuTnVAyfWukwu_hYSB/pub
- ↑ https://asset.obyte.app/#!/assets/ZWlbZhl6C9IsV3biDC+ngzsLq58mQ0hbwWyLBLpFLQc=
- ↑ https://email@example.com/user-identification-in-byteball-attestations
- ↑ https://asset.obyte.app
- ↑ https://obyte.slack.com
- ↑ https://twitter.com/ObyteProgrammer
- ↑ https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQnpiwTipnBgrhSJcELOYYAOa3mTLZbmLmOebbtHFJFrfgHtlsNNZ9MPEGafvtuTnVAyfWukwu_hYSB/pub
- ↑ https://explorer.obyte.org/#IYeNVOvVeP8X9hDx3LgPu48MCTVbeo8S/NJM0vIAY14=
- ↑ https://explorer.obyte.org/#ZWlbZhl6C9IsV3biDC+ngzsLq58mQ0hbwWyLBLpFLQc=
- ↑ https://explorer.obyte.org/#3kc7H8A2oiWr9mv7AcWJeLCA0Cp8c3BLK04kYQ+5pfU=
- ↑ https://explorer.obyte.org/#LScaMCupXYOxp7hJpo6XfHqyAdHVtcvpU9uaLrAV+oI=
- ↑ https://medium.com/byteball/private-textcoins-6a2288d80757
- ↑ https://asset.obyte.app/#!/assets
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_ownership
- ↑ https://www.nasdaq.com/article/how-tokenization-is-putting-real-world-assets-on-blockchains-cm767952
- ↑ https://github.com/byteball/ico-bot
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_coin_offering#Regulation
- ↑ https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2017-131
- ↑ http://consumer.findlaw.com/securities-law/what-is-the-howey-test.html
- ↑ http://www.pbc.gov.cn/goutongjiaoliu/113456/113469/3374222/index.html
- ↑ https://www.cointelegraph.com/news/china-ban-on-ico-is-temporary-licensing-to-be-introduced-official
- ↑ https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1608859.0


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Discussion in 'General Gallery' started by morydd, Jun 15, 2006.
The marker at my son's grave.
Canon Elan7, Available Light.
That's an awesome shot, I really like it. The contrast between the front and back images really makes it stand out yet the blur makes them blend perfectly, very nice! Very sorry to hear about your son.
Nice shot! I think a differnt angle might be more interesting. I think that the drop shadow on the framing is to strong and the distance is too much. Keep shooting!
My condolences.
Separate names with a comma.


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Beluga Lentils, Cauliflower and Chives Salad
A beautiful, simple and healthy salad that will make you feel good about eating lentils. These beautiful beluga lentils look like little caviar pearls and cooked properly, have just a little bite to them and keep their shape beautifully. I liked the contrast of the white cauliflower with the black lentils and the burst of… Continue reading Beluga Lentils, Cauliflower and Chives Salad


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The Arthurian romance novel was wildly popular in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Ever since Chrétien de Troyes turned the Celtic legends of Arthur, Lancelot, and Guinevere into a proper romance, writers had been turning out volume after volume of sequels, prequels, and what amounted to medieval fan fiction of the Arthurian franchise. Arthurian knights in shining armor were everywhere. People were naming their kids "Tristan" and "Guinevere." Little boys wanted to be Lancelot when they grew up. These stories have staying power: recent Hollywood productions of Arthurian chivalric romances star such hunky leading men as Clive Owen (Arthur) and the ubiquitous James Franco (Tristan).
Aside from entertaining audiences with tales of knights, ladies, and wizards all questing and casting spells and pining away for each other, these novels served a 'higher' purpose —they were meant to connect ancient history with contemporary history, to provide readers with a broad historical perspective, a sense of continuity, and to legitimize current rulers as heirs to ancient legacies of political power that went back all the way to the days of the Roman Empire. Arthur was descended from both Roman and British parents, and the young lovers Floire and Blancheflor became the parents to the ancestors of Charlemagne. This way, British and French authors could combine local lore and the political credibility with those of the classical tradition that gave Europe its Church, its lingua franca (Latin), and by extension many of its colloquial Romance languages that descended from Latin: the many languages spoken in what are now England (where Norman French was the language of the court from the 11th to the 13th centuries) Portugal, Spain, France, and Italy.
The Arthurian stories were as popular on the Iberian Peninsula as they were north of the Pyrenees. Full Castilian translations of the Lancelot cycle and some of the legends of the Quest for the Holy Grail, along with books about Merlin and Joseph of Arimathia appeared at the beginning of the fourteenth century, but the stories were well known and beloved by Iberians for at least two full centuries prior. Troubadours sang about Lancelot and Tristan as early as the 1100s, when Chrétien de Troyes was writing his novels. People sang ballads narrating single episodes drawn from Arthurian legends.
Just around the turn of the fourteenth century, some twenty years before the Castilian translations of the Arthurian books were made, an anonymous author wrote a book in Castilian about the adventures of a knight named Zifar (more on the funny name later), or alternatively The Knight of God. In some ways this Zifar was very much like the knights of Arthurian tradition. He galloped around looking for adventures, damsels in distress, the poor and defenseless in need of a champion. He spoke like an Arthurian knight, in elevated speech studded with wise sayings and proverbs. And the book was heavy on swordfights and trash-talking, cocky bad guys who inevitably meet their comeuppance via cold steel.
But our Zifar, like so many medieval Iberian interpretations of cultural forms that crossed the Pyrenees, was, well, different. Instead of obsessing over some impossibly beautiful but inaccessible lady (in the style of French and English courtly lovers and troubadours) he was married to a woman he loved, with whom he had two sons, and who traveled with him —at least at the beginning of the book— on his adventures. He was really religious, and all of his knightly deeds were performed not (as was de rigeurfor Arthurian types) in the name of his lady, but in that of God or the Virgin Mary. He was righteous to a fault, and tended to moralize— a lot. What's more, his book is full of proverbs, sayings, exemplary tales, and epigrams. So much so that at times it reads more like a collection of proverbs or a manual for writing sermons than a Tristan or Lancelot knockoff. What's more, the fantastic geography typical of Arthurian novels replete with made-up personal names and place names in Zifar begins to sound like Arabic, a language not exactly foreign to in the context of medieval Toledo, which was ruled by a Muslim king until it was conquered by Alfonso VI of Castile and Leon in 1070. Taken together, the book is something like an allegory for medieval Castilian cultural history told in the form of a chivalric adventure novel.
The book's prologue sheds light on some, but not all, of Zifar's idiosyncracies. It was written by Ferrant Martínez, Archdeacon of the Church of Toledo and protégé of the great, recently deceased Cardinal Gonzalo Pérez Gudiel, native of Toledo who went on to an illustrious career in the Church and who was buried in the Vatican. Before turning the stage over to the adventures of Zifar, the Knight of God, Martínez tells us of his own epic adventures. He sets out to Rome in the Jubilee Year 1300 to convince the Pope (Boniface VIII) to let Martínez bring the body of Cardinal Gudiel back to Spain to be buried in the Cathedral of Toledo as per the Cardinal's last will and testament. The Pope does not like this idea one bit. We bury Cardinals in Rome, he says, period. But that is not exactly true. A couple of Cardinals were buried outside of Rome. Most Cardinals were buried in Rome AND elsewhere. That is, after they died their bodies were typically divided so that parts of their remains might be buried in Rome and other parts in cathedrals in their homelands, or in other cathedrals with some sort of ecclesiastical or political connection to the deceased in question. All of which is pretty icky when you think about it: one had to dig up the body, boil the bones, and divide them up for shipping to their various destinations.
The pope who denied Martinez' request Pope Boniface VIII found it fairly icky as well, and in fact some four years before Cardinal Gudiel's death, the Pope had published a letter prohibiting division of corpses as an act of 'detestable brutality' (Hernández and Linehan, Mozarabic 398). However, this Boniface was not merely squeamish —he objected to the division of corpses on philosophical grounds. In the thirteenth century there was a massive debate afoot at the University of Paris, where many of the top clergy in Rome trained. Part of this debate had to do with the nature of the human soul. During the twelfth century translators working in Toledo and elsewhere in Spain had brought many works of Arabic philosophy over into Latin. These translations spurred massive debates among Catholic Theologians (most notably St. Thomas Aquinas) who struggled to reconcile the ideas of Aristotle and other Greek philosophers with Catholic doctrine. The question of the nature of the human soul was an important piece of this larger debate, and Catholic theologians tended to fall in with the ideas of Ibn Sina (Avicenna in Latin) or Ibn Rushd (Averroes in Latin). Followers of Avicenna held that the soul had substance, resided in the body, and was indivisible. Followers of Averroes believed that the soul was divisible and did not reside in the body as substance.
But back to our Cardinal's body and our squeamish pope. Pope Boniface sided with the Avicennists, and his interpretation of the Avicennist position on the soul meant that it was wrong to divide the bodies of deceased churchmen —that was something only an Averrorist would do, for Pete's sake! So Martínez now had to choose between Rome or Toledo. This arcane theological argument had real, concrete implications: only ONE cathedral would house the bodies of important churchmen. They would now have to compete for the remains of prestigious deceased, and this had very real implications for men like Ferrant Martínez, who otherwise would be content bringing a wing or a thigh back to Toledo instead of the whole bird. Thanks to Avicenna and Averroes, it had to be the whole bird.
But what, you may ask, does all this have to do with the adventures of our very Christian, quasi Mozarabic, and sort of Arthurian knight Zifar? In the pages of Zifar we see all the political, cultural and spiritual issues of the times in Castile played out in chivalric narrative. The struggle with Islam both on the peninsula and the Crusades in the East are projected onto the fictional Kingdoms of Mentón and Tigrida, set in the Middle East. The Castilian debt to Andalusi learning and culture comes through in the protagonists' names and impressive command of Andalusi wisdom. The whole book is a sort of allegorical road map for navigating medieval Castilian culture, from the assimilation of Andalusi learning to the popularity of Arthurian romance to the deeply ingrained proselytic impulse that was product of a centuries-old culture of conversion of the Peninsula's Jews and Muslims.
The great irony in the question of the body is that Gudiel himself had ordered the a translation of Avicenna into Latin, the same translation that made possible Bonfiace's decision to ban the division of corpses and thereby nearly keep Gudiel from returning, after his death, to his beloved Toledo. The legacy of Andalusi learning was, in the adventures of Zifar in Mentón as in the adventures of Ferrant Martínez in Rome, the engine that kept events turning in Spain and in Rome as well.
- Brownlee, Marina. "Romance at the Crossroads: Medieval Spanish Paradigms and Cervantine Revisions." The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Romance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 253–266. Print.
- Burke, James. "Names and the Significance of Etymology in the Libro del caballero Zifar." Romanic Review 59 (1968): 161–173. Print.
- Corriente, Federico. A Dictionary of Andalusi Arabic. Leiden: Brill, 1997. Print.
- Forey, A. J. "The Order of Mountjoy." Speculum 46.2 (1971): 250–266. Print.
- González, Cristina. "El cavallero Zifar" y el reino lejano. Madrid, España: Editorial Gredos, 1984. Print.
- —, ed. Libro del Caballero Zifar. 3rd ed. Madrid: Catédra, 1998. Print.
- Hernández, Francisco J, and Peter Linehan. The Mozarabic Cardinal: The Life and Times of Gonzalo Pérez Gudiel. Tavarnuzze (Firenze): SISMEL edizioni del Galluzzo, 2004. Print.
- Nelson, Charles L, trans. The Book of the Knight Zifar: A Translation of El libro del cavallero Zifar. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 1983. Print.
- O'Callaghan, Joseph F. Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. Print.
- Walker, Roger M. Tradition and Technique in El Libro Del Cavallero Zifar. London: Tamesis Books, 1974. Print.
This post was written in conjunction with a paper I'm giving titled "El Libro del Cavallero Zifar: Performing 'Spanishness' in the Mediterranean Context" at the 2013 Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association (Vancouver, WA), 10 October 2013. Thanks to Prof. Anthony Cárdenas for organizing the session.


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The march toward marriage equality in England and Wales took a big step today when Culture Minister Maria Miller introduced a Parliamentary bill legalize unions for same-sex couples today. And now that that's done, a debate date has been set: February 5th.
The BBC has more:
The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill will be debated in Parliament on Tuesday 5 February, the leader of the Commons Andrew Lansley has announced.
The legislation will allow gay marriage, including by religious organisations which want to offer it.
However, the Church of England and Church in Wales will be legally barred from marrying same-sex couples.