text:
- Heritage Category:
- Listed Building
- Grade:
- List Entry Number:
- 1355446
- Date first listed:
- 11-Dec-1969
- Date of most recent amendment:
- 23-Oct-1985
- Statutory Address:
The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1355446.pdf
The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.
This copy shows the entry on 29-Oct-2020 at 11:25:53.
- Statutory Address:
The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.
- County:
- Warwickshire
- District:
- Stratford-on-Avon (District Authority)
- Parish:
- Studley
- National Grid Reference:
SP06SE (East side)
4/217 Studley Castle
11/12/69 (Formerly listed as Studley
(Castle) College, Castle Road)
Shown on 0.S. map as Marketing Centre (Motor Industry). Country house, now offices. 1834, with early C20 wing. Designed by Samuel Beazley for Sir Francis Goodricke, baronet. Limestone ashlar with moulded stone string courses and cornices. Slate roofs behind parapets; ashlar stacks. Complex U-plan with central keep tower. Neo-Norman and Gothic Revival style, with 4-centred arches and Gothick sashes and casements. Largely symmetrical, 3-storey wings, 2-storey central range, 4-storey keep; 11-window range. Central range has slightly projecting 3-Say gabled centre with deeply recessed Tudor blank arch, diagonal buttresses and tourelles. Arched porte-cochere with hood mould and octagonal clasping buttresses continued up as finials. Mounting block in paving beneath. Entrance has wide glazed arch with arched hall-glazed double-leaf doors and panels. Intrados with plaster ogee niches. Lancets an each floor. 2-centre arched central window with Y-tracery. Remainder of central range has buttresses, square on ground floor, polygonal an first floor., Moulded cornice and parapet. Arched windows with hood moulds, most with Gothick sashes. First bay has half-glazed double-leaf doors. Octagonal Neo-Norman keep above and behind central range. 4 large 3-storey round angle projections. Corbel table. Lantern top has round-arched windows of 2 arched lights with hood moulds and head stops, and shafts with scalloped capitals. Machicolated top. Far-projecting wings have 4-stormy octagonal corner turrets; left wing has shaped gable. Turrets have anqle buttresses to ground floor. Lancets to alternate laces. String courses. Top stage with blind cross openings and machicolated tops. 2-storey, 2-light stone mullioned and transomed canted oriel, corbelled out. Right wing has double-leaf arched door with overlight and square headed windows, blind on left, flanking oriel. Inner sides of wings are 4-window range. Straight-headed windows on upper floors. Left return side of 3 bays with corner turrets. Projecting gable centre has polygonal buttresses. Arched Gothick windows. Central window in inched recess. Canted oriel on first floor. Gable has blocked 2-centred windows with Y-tracery. Some C20 windows inserted. Rear of wing has gable and turrets. Two arched lights and canted oriel. Garden front has central 2-storey gabled wing projecting forward from keep. Wide canted bay window. 3-light window above, Canted re-entrant angles have lancets. To left and right canted bays with blind arcaded parapets. Left range also has 2-light window, Ground floor windows have stone tracery. First floor has 3 two-light windows to left and right, and polygonal angle buttresses. Gabled right return side has round floor canted bay. 2-light window above. Service wing, set back on left, has early C20 additions and alterations. Irregular C20 fenestration, ending in giant blank lancet with 2-light staircase window with 5 transoms. Brick additions to top. Early/mid C20 red brick wing on left. Tile roof. 3 storey and attick with hipped dormers; 10-window range. End bays varied. Thin wood mullioned 2-light windows with leaded lights. Ground floor has 4-light mullioned and transomed windows, with brick buttresses between. interior: Plaster rib-vaulted entrance hall. Central octagonal hall to full height of keep. Painted Neo-Norman chimney-piece has round arch with chevron and bailhead decoration, and truncated shafts, with blind arcading of round arches above. Romanesque style grotesque masks. Wooden first floor gallery supported on 4-centred arches with heavy pendants. Gothic balustrade. Above, niches to each wall, one with classical statue. Moulded string course with angels. Lantern windows have coloured glass. Ceiling, has coats of arms on glass, much restored late C20. Dining Room to right has timber raise hanmer beam roof with arcided spandrels and moulded rib. Carved head corbels. Panelled ceiling. Black marble Gothic fireplace has detached piers and 4-centred arch. Archway to bay window. Octagonal room in centre of garden front has plaster rib vault. with foliage boss. Arcaded walls. Gothic panelling and bookcases. Drawing Room on left has 3-bay shallow rib-vaulted ceiling with enriched and gilt ribs. Gilt stiff-leaf corbels. Arcaded walls, with large overmantel mirror. Enriched ceiling panels and niches at each end. White marble Gothic chimneypiece has 4-centred arch and piers with niches. Open well staircase with cast iron Gothic balustrade and moulded handrail. Gothic arched and arcaded doors throughout. Samuel Beazley (1786-1851) was best known far theatrical work. (Buildings of England: Warwickshire, p.424; Burke's & Savill's Guide to Country Houses: Hertfordshire, Shropshire, Worcester and Warwickshire, pp.176-77).
Listing NGR: SP0881064074
The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.
- Legacy System number:
- 305564
- Legacy System:
Books and journals
Pevsner, N, Wedgwood, A, The Buildings of England: Warwickshire, (1966)
Reid, P, 'Burkes and Savills Guide to Country Houses' in Herefordshire Shropshire Warwickshire Worcestershire, (1980)
This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest.
End of official listing


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The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) and the University of Toronto Paediatric Rheumatology program has witnessed an impressive growth since its inception in 1983. It is one of the largest Paediatric Rheumatic Disease Units in North America and one of the world's leading centres for research, patient care and training in paediatric rheumatic diseases.
The Division of Rheumatology at The Hospital for Sick Children offers a comprehensive range of services for the evaluation and treatment of children with paediatric rheumatic diseases and has subspecialty clinics for the following conditions:
- Lupus
- Neonatal Lupus
- Juvenile Dermatomyositis
- Morphea
- Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
- Juvenile Spondyloarthritis
- CNS Vasculitis
- Systemic Vasculitis
- Autoinflammatory Syndromes
- Kawasaki Disease
Our mandate is to provide excellent clinical care, undertake research studies into systemic inflammatory disorders and inflammatory diseases of the bones and joints in childhood, and train physicians to become prominent leaders in the field of Paediatric Rheumatology.
Research activities
The organization of our subspecialty clinics with well-defined clinical populations and strong collaborations with other Divisions and Departments, have laid the ground work for a well-funded and productive research program.

subset: commoncrawl


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I love it when my surroundings match my outfits. I'm weird like that. So I'm rolling through Chinatown and I made a pit shop at The Good Sort to try their rainbow latte, you can read all about that here. You can get the details on this look down below! Top: here Skirt: had this skirt…Read More
All articles filed in aldo shoes
Pretty In Pastels
If you've walked passed the pink AF Italian restaurant Pietro NoLita and did not stop to take a photo, there's no hope in us having a friendship. That may sound a little extreme but I've been loyal to the color pink all of my life and I'm going to remain loyal. And FYI: The inside of this…Read More


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Twin Mounter 2.5 Rev.C, 2.5 to 3.5inch AdapterDiscontinued
|More variations available Show
Scythe Twin Mounter 2.5 Rev.C, 2.5 to 3.5inch Adapter
Scythe's Twin Mounter 2.5 allows installation of up to two 2.5" SSD/HDD units in one 3.5" bay which is a great way to save space in a traditional PC case.
- Allows for two 2½" drives to be installed in one 3½" bay
- Ideal for laptop and solid state drives
- Has captive rubber washers for drive shock protection
- Easy to install
With prices falling and storage pace increasing, 2½" hard disk drives former primarily designed for mobile PCs, but now they are becoming the hard drive of choice for quiet PC enthusiasts . Especially now that Solid State Drive (SSD) technology is becoming a must-have for users who want their PCs to be totally silent.
Twin Mounter 2.5 allows installation of up to two 2.5" hard disk drives or SSDs in one 3.5" bay which additionally means saving space in traditional PC cases.
|Twin Mounter 2.5
|Model Number
|2.5 Twin Mounter
|170 g
|HDD Compatibility
|2x 2.5" HDD / SSD
|Required Space
|1x 3.5" Bay
|Standard Accessory
|Screw for Hard Disk Mounting (8 pcs.); Screw for Case Mounting (4 pcs.)
|24 months
|EAN barcode
|Twin Mounter 2.5
|Model Number
|2.5 Twin Mounter
|170 g
|HDD Compatibility
|2x 2.5" HDD / SSD
|Required Space
|1x 3.5" Bay
|Standard Accessory
|Screw for Hard Disk Mounting (8 pcs.); Screw for Case Mounting (4 pcs.)
|24 months
|EAN barcode
Customer Reviews
dead easy
as somebody wrote - no sharp edges, no cuts!
I put in-between those my SSD and 2.5inch HDD. really simple. the only bad bit - i fitted the disks in it the wrong way round and I ended up with sata connectors at the front of my case instead inside of it. There are no marks how to place it inside, so you may have to try doing it by yourself. on the other hand - it might had been a problem with my rig... There was a misalignment with the screws' wholes. Just fitted the disks other way round and fits in perfectly!
not a cheap thin metal! properly built! not too heavy! perfect.
Excellent product - works brilliantly. It's well made and replicates the screw hole position and type (i.e. wide thread) of a full size 3.5" HDD. This is not the case with some 2.5" to 3.5" adapters I've come across.
One thing to note though is that if the HDD you're mounting is particularly deep (such as the newer 2.5" WD Raptor) you might have trouble fitting in a second disk into the same mounting. Doesn't detract from the product however, you'd just need to buy two!
Scythe Twin Mount 2.5 to 3.5
Just like the picture. Well made, neat and clean edges (no cut fingers yet). Comes with all the mounting screws needed. Fitted in my case's HDD caddy without issues. Very happy.
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This attraction has now closed
Specialising in fresh homemade food, amongst their best sellers are steak, beer battered fish and chips, Roast Beef and Yorkshire Pudding, not to mention the puddings which include Syrup Sponge and Spotted Dick.
Porters does not set out to be a classy restaurant. Instead, in homely surroundings that smack of bistro turned brasserie, they serve food and drink that is easily recognisable as genuinely comfortable grub, relished by far more people than might be supposed if you paid too much attention to the culinary media.


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The decision was made after new data suggested the 40m-long antenna might swing with a greater range of motion than expected after it opened up.
This led to concerns that the device could swing back and hit Mars Express.
The Marsis radar altimeter will search for water up to 5km (3 miles) beneath the surface of the Red Planet.
The new data came from mathematical models carried out by Astro Aerospace, the California-based company that built the antenna.
Safety limit
If a beam attached to a rigid object is pulled to one side and then let go it will oscillate back and forth. The number of oscillations depends on the "damping factor".
Mathematical models made four years ago suggested the damping factor would not play a significant role in the successful deployment of the antenna because it was made of such a lightweight material.
But new test results suggest the antenna's motion after it springs out is more dependent on the damping factor than previously thought.
"The end result is not in question," William T K Johnson, of Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, told BBC News Online.
"[The antenna] always goes out and deploys properly. But there was some thought that it might be able to swing back and strike a portion of the spacecraft.
"It's a very lightweight material so even if it did strike, it would be very improbable that it would cause any damage. But still, you don't want to hit the spacecraft."
Test period
Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (Marsis) will seek evidence of underground water, either frozen or liquid. It is thought the greatest reservoir of retained water on Mars could be found beneath the planet's surface.
Marsis is designed to discern boundaries between layers of material as deep as 5km under the surface. It will also examine the structure and variability of the Martian ionosphere, the top layer of the atmosphere.
The antenna consists of two 20-m-long elements that will spring out from the spacecraft like a jack-in-the-box.
Project scientists now plan to review the findings before scheduling a new date for deployment.
It is expected that the radar altimeter will not be switched on for a further two to three weeks.
After the command is given to deploy the antenna, Mars Express will be monitored for a further 10 days to determine how the spacecraft performs with the antenna extended.


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Regular price
Iseya knives are specially hand-made by Mr Yoshinori Seto, crafted from high quality forged steel using traditional techniques.
The E series of knives offers exquisite production methods, excellent quality at a very affordable entry level price. These knives offer the perfect place to start your journey exploring the world of Japanese knives.
This series is made from Molybdenum steel, hand forged of course, with a black western style handle.Specifications:
Knife Type: Gyuto KnifeSteel Type: Molybdenum SteelBlade Type: Double-edged BladeBlade Length: 210mmBlade Thickness: 2.0mm Blade Height: 44mmHandle Material: Mahogony HandleHandle Length: 116mm Weight: 157g
Do not use the knife to chop hard materials such as bones or frozen items unless the knife is made for that specific purpose. Always ensure you keep your knife clean and dry, and sharpen it as required to prevent a dull edge.
If in doubt, give us a shout
Please read our guidance pages below to help you make the right choice and make the most of the knives you choose:
Steel Types Explained
Knife Types Explained
Care Guidelines for all Knives


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Quirky online poker room [geolink href="https://www.pokernewsreport.com/bodog-poker"]Bodog Poker[/geolink] have announced their latest acquisition today: beautiful Bosnian-born Tatjana Pašalić. The energetic 26 year old joins a team which already includes Evenly Ng and David Williams. Speaking on her signing, Pašalić made it clear she has faith in her new employers: "Bodog's brand is the one that fits me best…from the photo-shoot onwards everybody at Bodog has had a wicked sense of fun which is what I am about too so the synergy is obvious…They've all shown me great support already so it's now just up to me to take down the World Series!"
Although she may have seemed to spring from nowhere, Pašalić has been involved in the poker industry's back rooms for a good few years. Discovering online poker at a young age while living in Croatia, she quickly developed a love for the game. After working as the Country Manager for a poker company, she blogged for a tournament in Monte Carlo. Discovering an aptitude for the writing style, she went on to cover the Malta Poker Tour and the World Series of Poker. Becoming the first ever Croation poker journalist, she quit her job and invested all her savings to follow events such as the European Poker Tour and the World Series of Poker. Her coverage also included local events and interviews. As she was bringing information to her readers straight from the poker tables, her following swiftly grew to thousands. She went on to write poker columns for Playboy magazine and worked as a reported for Poker Europa, under the alias Carrie Mason. She continues to blog for UK poker site On the Rail.
Pašalić has also worked extensively as a presenter. She has covered events in Warsaw and Budapest, as well as being hired by Unibet, World Poker Tour Europe, and Full Tilt Poker. Along with professional player Kara Scott, she co-presented the Women's World Open IV along with the fourth season of Party Poker's 'Big Game' for PartyPoker.com. She has also interviewed major celebrity players, such as Tom Dwan and Phil Ivey, to great public acclaim.
Her poker playing début did not come until September 2009, when she played in the Unibet poker tournament. She cashed, coming 46th out of a field of 440 players. After honing her skills online for several months, she played in the March 2009 Women's World Open IV in London. She finished in 6th place, making it her first televised final table. Using her time behind the scenes of many major events to watch and learn form some of the world's finest players, she now hopes to tackle the World Series of Poker this summer, and cement her career as an established professional player.


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Have you had a chance to play this great indoor recess game? Perfect for Girl Scouts or a Boy Scout Meeting too!
I have a printable direction sheet on my blog, feel free to visit and come download it.
Click here to see all my FREE Indoor Recess printables.
Click here to download it at my blog!
Your students
will ♥love♥ it!
will ♥love♥ it!


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If you're still looking for plans for Mother's Day weekend, a star-studded event at Newark's Prudential Center on Saturday each year can help you entertain mom and contribute to a great cause.
The McDonald's Gospelfest has been the feature performance by Cissy Houston, The Clark Sisters, the Greater Allen AME Cathedral Mass Choir and Faith Evans, just to name a few.
The Greater Central Jersey Community Choir has won this competition 3 years in a row. And have been able to sing back up for several recording artists.
This choir made up of men and women from many different churches and community throughout central New Jersey has rose to stardom under the musical director David Kirkwood.
"We're so excited because this year, we decided to go back to the basics of what gospel music is all about and celebrate choirs," A. Curtis Farrow, Emmy-award winning executive producer and director for the festival, told CBS2's Andrea Grymes and Diane Macedo.
I tell people all the time, when you go to a black church, you expect to hear a good choir. So I tell everybody, if you want to have a good time that's full of energy and excitement, you want to be hear the Greater Central Jersey Community Choir.


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Hi everyone! I'm excited to announce that I enrolled into QC today! I'm really looking forward to learning all kinds of new things and meeting other people! Please leave a reply, we're all friends here!
Re: Newbie ((:
hey Im super excited to be doing this course. what assignment are you up too??
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Since 2007 we have provided over 15,000 people with basic cookery skills…
We believe that everyone should have access to fresh, tasty, nutritious ingredients and should be readied with the essentials skills needed to prepare, cook and serve! Can Cook was established as a cookery school in 2007, and since then we've provided 15,000 people with the basic cookery skills required to enjoy healthy, nutrient rich food.
Though our operations have changed over the years, we still provide cookery training sessions to schools and play schemes as part of selected funded programmes – continuing our mission to educate people across Liverpool on the benefits of cooking from fresh ingredients and the importance of kitchen confidence!
For over a decade we've been creating delicious, affordable and easy-to-make recipes for families everywhere. Now, with the launch of our Good Food Meal Box, we want to share some of these tasty dishes with our friends and followers. If you've received a Good Food Meal Box, or if you'd just like to try out one of our favourite recipes, check out the instructions on how to make your very own Spiced Egg Fried Rice below.
- 60g curry paste (1 big tablespoon)
- 1 large carrot thinly sliced
- 1 onion thinly sliced 200g rice
- 2 eggs
- 3 tbsp oil
- A frying pan
- A wooden spoon
- A measuring jug
- Cook the rice for about 15 minutes then cool under cold water and drain well.
- Heat 2 tbsp of the oil in a frying pan and cook the onions and carrot over a high heat for 3 minutes, then add the paste and continue to stir fry for 2 minutes, then add the cooked rice and mix well.
- Once the rice is hot and nicely coated season to taste and divide between warm plates, then crack the eggs into a cup and mix well with a fork. Now heat 1 tbsp of oil in the same pan and add the eggs, then cook over a medium heat until they have set, then flip over and cook for 30 seconds. Remove from the pan and shred the omelette and divide between the rice.


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At The Hawk we now have meeting rooms available to hire. If you need an additional temporary space or maybe a hotdesk for a short while then we can help.
Maybe you work from home but need somewhere distraction free and quiet to work during the school holidays?
Give Mary a call 01347 825 255


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Michael Atherton once asked the legendary horse trainer, Michael Stoute, how he could tell which of his young ones would go on to become the real thing. Stoute looked at him as if he was silly, then replied, "By the way they move."
It was what Dayle Hadlee, the former New Zealand Test bowler and older brother of Richard, thought when he glimpsed a teenage bowler from an unfashionable cricket school while himself playing a club game on an adjacent field in Christchurch. At tea, he popped across for a better look. He offered the boy a scholarship to the club.
If you've watched Shane Bond you know it already. This one is a thoroughbred. For someone who has only played 16 Tests and 63 one-dayers in five years, it is still not surprising that he keeps getting picked in World XIs by readers and experts alike. It is, for one, the way he moves, with sleek, intense, contained force. He just looks it. It's not too bad after the ball comes out either: close to express, with an inswinger able to whoosh through the merest fissure between bat and pad.
Bond's strike-rate of 27 is the best in the history of one-day cricket. His average of 19.05 puts him at no. 3, and one of the two above him, Tony Gray, has only taken 44 wickets to Bond's 120. In World Cup cricket, only Chris Old has a lower average than his 15.56. At the last competition he was a sensation, and his 6 for 23 against Australia was the finest bowling performance of the tournament. His average in this tournament is close to single figures, and might dip to it against Ireland, especially if New Zealand bowl first.
"My focus on this trip is to be as boring as I can," he says. "In the past, I suppose it was about breaking my previous best and I'd run in every day and try and break it. Now, I'm sort of over that sort of thing. The focus has been to take wickets and be as miserly as I can." To watch him here has been a somewhat different experience from 2003. The pace is down about 5-10 kmph, but with it too the economy to 2.29.
Damaged, repaired, remade, Bond has returned, different, but influential as ever. It's been a long and hard road back.
Even by crocked modern standards, few cricketers have had to endure as much injury as Bond. It had, ironically, to do with the way he moved, the twist in his delivery stride putting too much pressure on his spine. Hadlee, now bowling coach of the team and among the world's most respected analysts, recalls seeing him the day after he had surgery to his lower back three years ago after seasons of recurring trouble. "He didn't look good at all. It was a dramatic operation. They wired his back, like a v-shaped wire, screwed it in on either side. Then they packed it with bone taken from his hip."
Was it a last resort? "Very much. If it hadn't worked his career would have been over. But it was Shane's decision. He took the risk."
It was a dramatic operation. They wired his back, like a v-shaped wire, screwed it in on either side. Then they packed it with bone taken from his hip
Hadlee's own career had been limited because of stress fractures to his lower back - it is what led him to study bowling actions - which made him an appropriate ally for Bond during rehab. "It's taken many, many months," says Hadlee, "not only physically with incredibly hard programmes, but he's been building his workload up and also spending a lot of time on his technique. Because he was having a lot of twisting of the spine, the shoulders and hips weren't matching."
Challenging as it was, breaking down the action from start to finish was a fascinating process for Bond. He and Hadlee sat down with a biomechanical specialist and contemplated the way forward.
"We had two ways to go," remembers Hadlee. "We could either have the shoulders to match his hips or his hips to match his shoulders. We first tried working on the hips. We drew a large circle on the ground where we marked 90 degrees, 180 degrees, 270 degrees, 360 degrees, and we made him close his eyes and jump so he could understand where his body was while it was in the air because he didn't always understand that. We tried that for a period of time and it didn't work. So we decided to work on the shoulder alignments, to keep it absolutely as still as possible for as long as possible. The idea was they only move once, because his shoulders used to close, open, close - do a double movement. Now there's just one movement. So that's taken away a lot of stress from the spine."
Quite apart from reengineering the action was training his body to withstand further rigours. The basis of this physical regimen was boxing training.
"A very old-school boxing coach," says Hadlee. "Kevin Barry - his son won an Olympic boxing medal. A lovely gentleman, but a tough old-school coach. Makes them do twenty sit-ups and get up and punch a bag, then twenty press-ups and punch a bag, that sort of thing for an hour or two. Shane worked very hard on his footwork, boxing not people but hands, moving his feet, getting the hips and shoulders lined up."
"To Shane's credit he would always do it in the last session of the day. He's a very strong professional. He does his fitness work, and his gym work, and his swimming and all those other things. He did boxing last because he used to fade in the last session of the cricket day. So he saved the hardest part for last."
This Caribbean summer is worlds removed from Bond's Rocky-style New Zealand winters. Despite being in the middle of the game's premier competition, it has so far been as relaxing a time that Bond and his team-mates have had.
"Especially compared to South Africa last time," says Bond. "We watched a lot of what was going on at the World Cup on TV. You had the press, newspapers, you were sort of bombarded and swamped with it. Whereas here we have stayed in resorts, we haven't really read any newspapers and there haven't been many shows on television about cricket. So, I suppose for us as team, it gets you away from the pressures of it [World Cup]. Guys just watch movies, we play cards, play poker - I won a game today, won a bit of cash."
Is he the ace player? "Craig McMillan would like to tell you he is top seed, but I think probably Daniel Vettori and Brendon McCullum are the senior pros."
The mood reflects the state of New Zealand camp at the moment. There is a certain tranquillity to them. It's been eight matches now since they were defeated, starting with three in three against Australia, and then five on the run at the World Cup. Given some results and subsequent media reactions over the past couple of seasons, it seems remarkable that they are at this point proper contenders for the title.
"A lot of credit goes to John Bracewell," says Bond. "From last season, we have put into place systems and we have just trusted the system and gone through with it. Obviously, we haven't played well inside the year but there was a real calmness about the team. We knew what we were doing, we knew we could play better cricket, and we were believing at some stage we were going to kick into gear. We never went into panic stations; we had rotation, guys were being rested and coming in. Everyone understood what it was for. I think we are getting the rewards for that calmness. I don't think we have played as well and as consistent cricket as we have for this length of time, probably since I have been in the team."
Brett Lee and Shoaib Akhtar may not have made it to the West Indies, but there has been enough fast bowling on display. For raw spectacle, the remodelled, refined Bond has paled before Shaun Tait and Lasith Malinga at this tournament. Both excite him. "Tait, he's probably going through what I was earlier. He just wants to bowl fast. He's got tremendous pace, more than I ever had. He's in a good team environment and you expect big things from him."
We always believe that if we can take Australia down to the last 10 overs of the game, then we have a chance. Just like anybody else, they make mistakes when they are placed under pressure
"Malinga! It's one thing seeing him, another thing facing him. Usually you are watching the bowler's hand come up over his head. But all of a sudden you're watching the umpire's chest. And when he starts moving around on the crease, you start to wonder where to look next. I hate it when he does that!"
All three, and Malinga most of the three, have been lethal with the old ball. Bond does not think this has had much to do with reverse swing. "It is less of a factor nowadays. As soon as we get to a stage where it starts to move, the batsmen starts saying 'Well, I can't see the ball', and it is changed. You might have one or two overs. I don't think it is as prodigious as what it used to be. There used to be massive reverse swing. But also I think the hitters are better now. I mean, guys now practise it so much, hitting the ball out of the park at the end of the innings. It's probably the change of pace and length that is more important."
A change of pace is what New Zealand will themselves experience in the second leg of the Super Eights, where they must face the three other top sides of the tournament, back to back. The last of them is against the Big Daddies. Given recent results, it seems pertinent to ask Bond the secret of beating Australia.
"Well, we always believe that if we can take Australia down to the last 10 overs of the game, then we have a chance. We showed that at home. We chased down big scores and got to the business end of the game when we were in with a chance. Just like anybody else, they make mistakes when they are placed under pressure. You naturally lift when you play high-ranked teams. All we can do is play our game. We're lucky a lot of our key players are playing well and if our key players play well, our senior players play well then we're always a tough side to beat."
For Bond personally these are the days to make up for lost time. "It's easy to come to these tournaments and be nervous and worried. I definitely get nervous like every player, but it's an opportunity to do something great, it's an opportunity to win Cups. I just try and go out there and do the best that I can. It's not everyday you have a chance to live your dreams. And rather than think 'I hope I don't stuff up', I'm just trying to grasp it with both hands."


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Margaret Sanger, "Family Limitation, 8th edition revised," 1918.
Source: " Family Limitation, 8th Edition (New York: 1918)Margaret Sanger Papers Project, NYU Division of Libraries."
This is a revision of Sanger's 1914 Family Limitation. For other versions included in the digital edition, see Family Limitation, 3rd or 4th edition, ca., 1915, Family Limitation, 9th edition, 1919, Family Limitation, 12th edition, ca. 1922, and a draft of revisions for Family Limitation, ca. 1936. For additional editions, see the Margaret Sanger Microfilm, Smith College Collections, Collected Documents Series and Library of Congress Microfilm.
Revised Eighth Edition, 1918
There is no need for any one to explain to the working men and women in America what this pamphlet is written for or why it is necessary that they should have this information. They know better than I could tell them, so I shall not try.
I have tried to give the knowledge of the best French and Dutch physicians translated into the simplest English, that all may easily understand.
There are various and numerous mechanical means of prevention which I have not mentioned here, mainly because I have not come into personal contact with those who have used them or could recommend them as entirely satisfactory.
I feel there is sufficient information given here, which, if followed, will prevent a woman from becoming pregnant unless she desires to do so.
If a woman is too indolent to wash and cleanse herself, and the man too selfish to consider the consequences of the act, then it will be difficult to find a preventive to keep the woman from becoming pregnant.
Of course, it is troublesome to get up to douche, it is also a nuisance to have to trouble about the date of the menstrual period. It seems inartistic and sordid to insert a pessary or a suppository in anticipation of the sexual act. But it is far more sordid to find yourself several years later burdened down with half a dozen unwanted children, helpless, starved, shoddily clothed, dragging at your skirt, yourself a dragged out shadow of the woman you once were.
Don't be over sentimental in this important phase of hygiene. The inevitable fact is that unless you prevent the male sperm from entering the womb, you are going to become pregnant. Women of the working class, especially wage workers, should not have more than two children at most. The average working man can support no more and the average working woman can take care of no more in decent fashion. It has been my experience that more children are not really wanted, but that the women are compelled to have them either from lack of foresight or through ignorance of the hygiene of preventing conception.
It is only the workers who are ignorant of the knowledge of how to prevent bringing children in the world to fill jails and hospitals, factories and mills, insane asylums and premature graves.
The working women can use direct action by refusing to supply the market with children to be exploited, by refusing to populate the earth with slaves.
It is also the one most direct method for you working women to help yourself today.
Pass on this information to your neighbor and comrade workers. Write out any of the following information which you are sure will help her, and pass it along where it is needed. Spread this important knowledge!
Every woman who is desirous of preventing conception will follow this advice:
Don't wait to see if you do not menstruate (monthly sickness) but make it your duty to see that you do.
If you are due to be "sick" on the eighth of August, do not wait until the eighth to see, but begin as early as the fourth to take a good laxative for the bowels, and continue this each night until the eighth.
If there is the slightest possibility that the male fluid has entered the vagina, take on these same nights before retiring, five or ten grains of quinine, with a hot drink. The quinine in capsule form is considered fresher, but if this is taken do not use alcoholic drinks directly after, as it hardens the capsules, thus delaying the action of the quinine.
By taking the above precautions you will prevent the ovum from making its nest in the lining of the womb.
Women of intelligence who refuse to have children until they are ready for them, keep definite track of the date of their menstrual periods. A calendar should be kept, on which can be marked the date of the last menstruation, as well as the date when the next period should occur.
Women must learn to know their own bodies, and watch and know definitely how regular or irregular they are: if the period comes regularly every twenty-eight days (normal) or every thirty days as is in the case of many young girls.
Mark it accordingly on your private calendar; do not leave it to memory or guess work.
Only ignorance and indifference will cause one to be careless in this most important matter.
A very good laxative (though it is a patent medicine) is Beechams Pills. Two of these taken night and morning, four days before menstruation, will give a good cleansing of the bowels, and assist with the menstrual flow. Castor oil is also a good laxative.
The American physicians may object to this advice because Beechams Pills are a patent medicine. But until they are willing to give open advice on this subject, we must resort to such as the least harmful, until such time as they do.
If a woman will give herself attention BEFORE the menstrual period arrives, she will almost never have any trouble, but if she neglects herself and waits to see if she "comes around," she is likely to have difficulty.
If the action of quinine has not expelled the semen from the uterus, and a week has elapsed with no signs of the menstrual flow, then it is safe to assume conception has taken place.
Any attempt to interfere with the development of the fertilized ovum is called an abortion.
No one can doubt that there are times where an abortion is justifiable but they will become unnecessary when care is taken to prevent conception.
This is the only cure for abortions.
There is current among people an idea that conception can take place only at certain times of the month. For instance: ten days after the menstrual period, and four or five days before the next period. This is not to be relied upon at all, for it has been proven again and again that some women conceive at any time in the month. Do not depend upon this belief, for there is no scientific foundation for it. There is also the knowledge that nursing after childbirth prevents the return of the menstrual flow for several months and conception does not take place. It is well not to depend upon this too much, especially after the fifth month, for often a woman becomes pregnant again without having "seen anything" or without her realizing that she has become pregnant. She thus finds herself with one at the breast and another in the womb. Use some preventive.
Again, it is believed that conception cannot take place if the woman lies upon her left side at the time of the act. It makes no difference which side she lies upon; she can become pregnant if the semen is not prevented from entering the womb.
Perhaps the commonest preventive excepting the use of the condom is "coitus interruptus," or withdrawal of the penis from the vagina shortly before the ejection of the semen. No one can doubt that this is a perfectly safe method; and it is not considered so dangerous to the man as some authorities have formerly viewed it, but it requires a man of the strongest willpower to be certain that he has withdrawn before any of the semen has been deposited in the vagina. It is very difficult to determine exactly whether this has been done. The greatest objection to this is the evil effect upon the woman's nervous condition. If she has not completed her desire, she is under a highly nervous tension, her whole being is perhaps on the verge of satisfaction. She is then left in this dissatisfied state. This does her injury. A mutual and satisfied sexual act is of great benefit to the average woman, the magnetism of it is health giving. When it is not desired on the part of the woman and she has no response, it should not take place. This is an act of prostitution and is degrading to the woman's finer sensibility, all the marriage certificates on earth to the contrary notwithstanding. Withdrawal on the part of the man should be substituted by some other means that does not injure the woman.
The most important part which every woman should learn in the methods of preventing conception, is to cleanse herself thoroughly by means of the vaginal douche.
If you have bathing conveniences, go as quickly as possible to the bath room after the sexual act and prepare a douche. Lie down upon the back in the bath tub. Hang the filled douche bag high over the tub; and let the water flow freely into the vagina, to wash out the male sperm which was deposited during the act.
Do not be afraid to assist the cleansing by introducing the first finger with the tube and washing out the semen from the folds of the membrane. One can soon learn to tell by the feeling when it is sufficiently clean. It is said, that the French women are the most thorough douchers in the world, which helps greatly in keeping the organs in a clean and healthy condition, as well as preventing the male sperm from reaching the womb to mate with the ovum.
When there are no bath room conveniences--a douche can be taken over the toilet or when that is impossible it can be taken over a vessel in a squatting position.
Following are some of the solutions to be used for the douche, which, when carefully used will kill the male sperm or prevent its entering the womb:
Lysol--is a brown oily liquid which added to water forms a clear soapy solution. One teaspoonful of lysol to 2 quarts of water (warm) makes a good solution for douching. Mix into a pitcher or vessel before placing it in the bag.
Bichloride--Get the tablets blue or white from the druggist; the blue are less dangerous to have about because of the color. Always mix this solution thoroughly in a glass or pitcher before turning it into the bag. Never drop the tablet directly into the bag. One tablet to two quarts of water makes a sufficiently strong solution for preventive purposes.
Potassium Permanganate--This also makes a good solution, especially where there is a vaginal discharge. The special objection to this is that it stains the skin and clothing. This can be purchased in crystal form, and one teaspoonful dissolved in two quarts of water is the proper strength.
Salt solution--Mix four tablespoons of table salt in one quart of warm or cold water and dissolve thoroughly. This is good and cheap.
Vinegar solution--Many peasants in Europe use vinegar as an antiseptic almost exclusively. One glassful to two quarts of water is the strength usually desired. Cider vinegar is preferred. Douche afterward with clear water.
Cold water douche--This will sometimes remove the semen quite effectively without the aid of an antiseptic. But as the semen can hide itself away in the wrinkled lining of the vaginal cavity, the cold water will only impede its progress for a time. As soon as the warmth of the body revives its activity, the semen continues on its journey to meet the ovum.
Every woman should possess a good two quart rubber douche bag called fountain syringe. Hang it high enough to insure a steady direct flow.
Bulb syringes, such as the whirling spray syringes, have been found satisfactory by many women for the purpose of injecting antiseptic solutions. Directions with syringe.
Some women use the douche before the sexual act as a preventive. If this is done, any astringent such as boric acid, alum, citric acid, hydrochlorate of quinine used in the solution will do. Only a pint of solution is needed for this purpose, following the act a larger douche is used as a cleanser. This can also be done with the regular antiseptic douche.
There is little doubt that a thorough douching of the genital passage with an antiseptic solution performed by skilled hands immediately after the sexual act would destroy the male sperm, and nothing else would be necessary. But there is always the possibility that the sperm has entered the womb before the solution can reach it.
It is safer therefore to prevent the possibility of the contact of the semen and the ovum, by the interposition of a wall between them. One of the best is the condom or rubber "cot."
These are made of soft tissues which envelope the male organ (penis) completely and serve to catch the semen at the time of the act. In this way the sperm does not enter the vagina.
The condoms are obtainable at all drug stores at various prices. There are some of skin gut and some of rubber tissue. These are seamless, thin and elastic and yet tough; if properly adjusted will not break. Fear of breaking is the main objection to their use. If space has not been allowed for expansion of the penis, at the time the semen is expelled, the tissue is likely to split and the sperm finds it way into the uterus. The woman becomes pregnant without being conscious of it. If on the other hand care is given to the adjustment of the condom, not fitting it too close, it will act as one of the best protectors against both conception and venereal disease. Care must be exercised in withdrawing the penis after the act, not to allow the condom to peel off, thereby allowing the semen to pass into the vagina.
It is desirable to discard the condom after it has been used once. But as this is not always done, care must be taken to wash the condom in an antiseptic solution before drying it and placing it away for further use.
The condom is one of the most commonly known preventives in the United States. It has another value quite apart from prevention in decreasing the tendency in the male to arrive at the climax in the sexual act before the female.
There are few men and women so perfectly mated that the climax of the act is reached together. It is usual for the male to arrive at this stage earlier than the female, with the consequence that he is further incapacitated to satisfy her desire for some time after. During this time the woman is in a highly nervous condition, and it is the opinion of the best medical authorities that a continuous condition of this unsatisfied state brings on or causes disease of her generative organs, besides giving her a perfect horror and repulsion for the sexual act.
Thousands of well meaning men ask the advice of physicians as to the cause of the sexual coldness and indifference of their wives. Nine times out of ten it is the fault of the man, who through ignorance and selfishness and inconsiderateness, has satisfied his own desire and promptly gone off to sleep. The woman in self defense has learned to protect herself from the long hours of sleepless nights and nervous tension by refusing to become interested.
The condom will often help in this difficulty. There are many girls who have had no education on this subject, no idea of the physiology of the act, who upon any contact of the semen have a disgust and repulsion, from which it takes some time to recover. Much depends upon the education of the girl, but most depends upon the attitude of the man toward the relation.
Another form of prevention is the pessary (see cut). This is one of the most common preventive articles used in France as well as among the women of the middle and upper class in America. At one time the cost of these ranged up to seven dollars, as they were imported into this country from France. Today they are manufactured in this country, and may be had from two dollars up.
They come in three sizes--large, medium and small.
It is well to get the medium size, as the small ones are only for very small boned women and easily get out of place.
In my estimation a well fitted pessary is one of the surest methods of preventing conception. I have known hundreds of women who have used it for years with the most satisfactory results. The trouble is women are afraid of their own bodies, and are of course ignorant of their physical construction. They are silly in thinking the pessary can go up too far, or that it could get lost, etc., etc., and therefore discard it. It can not get into the womb, neither can it get lost. The only thing it can do is to come out. And even that will give warning by the discomfort of the bulky feeling it causes, when it is out of place.
Before inserting pessary inject into cap a small amount of boric ointment. This will act as a cement to help seal the mouth of the womb for the time being and thus doubly insures prevention.
In inserting the pessary it is well to get into a position which will make the entrance easy. One foot resting on a low chair opens the parts considerably, also a squatting position brings the uterus lower and makes the fitting of the pessary easier. Do not use vaseline or oils on rubber, it decays it. Glycerine or soap rubbed on its surface makes it smooth enough to slip easily into place.
After the pessary has been placed into the vagina deeply, it can be fitted well over the neck of the womb. One can feel it is fitted by pressing the finger around the soft part of the pessary, which should completely cover the mouth of the womb.
If you do not feel the mouth of the womb through the rubber then the pessary is not on right. It should be moved backward a little or forward until the mouth can be felt covered. If you still cannot feel it then remove and use some other preventive. The uterus may be turned or tipped back so far that a pessary could not reach the cervix.
If it is properly adjusted there will be no discomfort, the man will be unconscious that anything is used, and no germ or semen can enter the womb.
It is not always necessary to take a douche until the following morning, but it is always safer to douche immediately after the act. Take part or about a quart of an antiseptic douche BEFORE the pessary is removed; after removing it continue the douche and cleanse thoroughly.
Wash the pessary in clear cold water, dry well and place away in the box. One should last two years, if cared for.
I consider the use of the pessary as one of the most convenient, as well as the cheapest and the safest method of prevention. Any nurse or doctor will teach one how to adjust it; then women can teach each other.
It is not advisable to wear the pessary all the time. Take it out after using, and wear it only when needed. A little experience will teach one that to place it is a simple matter.
Sponges can also be had at the drug store. They have a tape attached to them to be conveniently removed. They should be soaked in an antiseptic solution for a few minutes before coitus and then introduced into the vagina far up as they can be placed. Some physicians have recommended the use of the cotton plug, instead of the sponge, to be soaked in a solution of three per cent carbolic and glycerine, before the act. The male sperm is destroyed by the weakest solution of carbolic acid. Some of the peasants in Europe use the cotton plug soaked in vinegar for the same purpose and find it satisfactory. In this country a boric acid solution has been used for the same purpose and with satisfactory results. Of course this requires a saturated solution, as, for instance, one teaspoonful of the powder to a cup of water stirred until dissolved.
Sponges and plugs can be recommended as perfectly safe, if followed by an antiseptic douche before the removal of the plug or sponge, thus preventing the sperm from entering the womb. The problem is: to kill the male sperm upon entering the vagina, or to wash it out or to kill it directly afterwards. A weak solution of alum may also be used for cotton plugs and sponges, also carbolated vaseline on plugs.
One of the cheapest methods of birth control is the use of a large sponge.
Get one fully as large as the fist--boil it for ten minutes. Before using it dip it in water and vinegar half and half and squeeze out partly, then push it up as far as it will go, pack it tight around the mouth of the womb so that it covers completely. Douche thoroughly after its removal.
Suppositories are becoming more generally used in U.S.A. than any other method of prevention.
These may be found at any reliable pharmacy. The majority of them are made from cocoa butter or gelatine, which makes it necessary that they be deposited in the vagina several minutes before the act, in order for them to melt. Special ingredients negate the effect of the male seed.
Get your druggist to make up any of the following:
Vaginal Suppository
Acid citric, 6 grains
Acid boracic, 1 dram
Cocoa butter, 90 grains
Another suppository found reliable is:
Boric acid, 10 grains
Salicylic acid, 2 grains
Quinine bisulphate, 3 grains
Cocoa butter, 60 grains
Practically all vaginal suppositories act as preventives but the following are especially recommended.
The Alotan suppository, obtainable from the Alotan Manufacturing Company, 153 South Broad Street, Nazareth, Pa., at the rate of one dozen for sixty cents and two dozen for one dollar. It is inexpensive and highly efficient.
The Aseptikon suppository, obtainable at most drug stores is also reliable. It is however more expensive.
The Carbozine Tablet, obtainable from The Carbozine Laboratory, 3121 South Broadway, St. Louis, Mo., is highly recommended by women residing in rural districts as very well suited for their use.
Practically all vaginal suppositories act as preventives. They should be kept in a cool place.
I have given in the foregoing pages the most commonly known means of prevention. Personally I recommend every poor woman to use a well fitted pessary and learn to adjust it.
Birth control, or family limitation, has been recommended by some of the leading physicians of the United States and Europe. The movement can no longer be set back by setting up the false cry of "obscenity." It has already been incorporated into the private moral code of millions of the most influential families in every civilized country. It will shortly win full acceptation and sanction by public morality as well.
In cases of women suffering from serious ailments, such as Bright's disease, heart disease, insanities, melancholia, idiocy, consumption, and syphilis, all a physician is allowed to do is to tide these women through their pregnancies if possible. Even though the life of the woman is positively endangered, he cannot relieve her without calling a colleague in consultation. Therefore, the mortality of mothers suffering from these diseases and their infants is very high, and premature births common.
To conserve the lives of these mothers and to prevent the birth of diseased or defective children are factors emphasizing the crying need of a sound and sane educational campaign for birth control.
Subject Terms:
Copyright, Margaret Sanger Project


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Parents: 6 Lesser-Known Summer Hazards to Heed
Hot playground equipment, flying bouncy castles…don't let your child get burned or carried away this summer
School's out, and for your kids that means time at the pool, playground, water park, amusement park and maybe even camp. And sure, kids face more risks when they're out having fun than when they're sitting all day at a school desk. You probably know the most obvious ones, from drowning in a pool, ocean or lake to scooter injuries to simple sunburns, jellyfish stings and plain old homesickness.
But here are six that may have slipped your mind.
Related: 5 Health Conditions that Can Get Worse in the Summer
Moon bounces, aka bouncy castles
The inflatable party and festival fun that kids love can be more dangerous than many people think. They can cause broken limbs, or worse. Between 2003 and 2013, more than 100,000 children were injured in moon bounces and on inflatable slides, including 17,000 who ended up in the emergency room, according to a Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) study. Here's how to avoid a trip to the ER:
- Make sure little ones don't get mixed in with older, larger kids, advises the child safety group Kids in Danger.
- Check the bouncy house to make sure it's securely anchored. In several recent incidents, a sudden burst of wind hurled the inflatable into the air — along with everyone in it.
Bug bites
With outdoor summer play come mosquitoes and ticks — and health risks. Eastern equine encephalitis, Lyme disease and West Nile virus are all bug-borne diseases transmitted to people. The ailments can have devastating effects on children. Take these steps to protect your child:
- Use DEET, in the right concentration. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) cautions parents to use repellants with DEET concentrations of 30 percent and below. The AAP also notes that you should apply bug sprays with the chemical permethrin to clothing and not skin. Avoid combo products that have both DEET and sunscreen.
- Wash bug repellant off your child at the end of the day.
- Check your kids for ticks when they come inside.
Related: How to Treat Bug Bites
Lawn equipment
We use all kinds of tools to keep our yards and gardens in shipshape. Mowing your lawn, trimming the hedges and sawing off dead branches can pose serious danger to kids if you don't take these basic precautions:
- Don't let your child operate a lawn mower until they're 12 or 16 if it's a ride-on mower. Make sure they always wear shoes (not sandals).
- Keep kids inside or under adult supervision whenever someone is running the mower. If the adult can't watch the children, shut the mower off if a child comes within 20 feet.
- Shut down power equipment such as chainsaws and trimmers when you're not using them. And make sure the tools' safety devices are always on.
Playground burns
Spending hours at the playground can be your child's favorite summer activity. But under the warm sun — and even on days that aren't that hot — playground equipment can be scorching. To prevent burns:
- Check the temperature of all the equipment in warm weather — and not just the metal slides and monkey bars. The CPSC suggests parents also monitor dark plastic and rubber surfaces that attract plenty of heat.
- Dress your kids in appropriate clothing, such as full-length pants and shoes (not sandals), to protect them from burns.
Related: 6 Ways to Prevent Scald Burns in Kids
Glow sticks
Every kid loves to play in the dark with glow sticks. But little ones may be tempted by the liquid inside. If the juice touches your child's skin or eyes, it can cause irritation and even burning. To prevent injuries, safety experts recommend:
- Watch your child when he has a glow stick. Don't let him try to break or suck it.
- Wash the liquid off your child with soap and water if it gets on his skin.
- If you see more serious symptoms, like vomiting or blisters, call the national poison hotline at 1-800-222-1222.
Sparklers may seem harmless enough, but they can reach 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, hot enough to burn metal, according to the CPSC. Imagine what they can do to little hands and legs.
- Keep young kids away from sparklers.
- Don't let kids get burned by used sparklers, which can stay hot after they've burned out; used sparklers should be dropped into a bucket of water.
Related: Fireworks: Don't Try This at Home


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Zonar Pass in APS
The ZPass Program is a student identification system designed specifically for school bus transportation. The ZPass System uses RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) to provide the APS Transportation Department with information on when, where and what time students get on and off APS buses, helping to assure their safety.
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Traceable® Waterproof/ Shockproof Stopwatch
How to buy
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Product description
This general-purpose LCD digital stopwatch times to 24 hours and features single-action, time-out, cumulative-split and continuous timing. Timing resolution is 1⁄100 of a second for the first 30 minutes, then continues timing to 23 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds with a 1-second resolution. The timer has an O-ring-sealed and shock-resistant ABS plastic case that is ideal for lab and plant use. It is waterproof to three atmospheres and has tactile-feel click switches that provide a positive action. As a chronograph, the stopwatch displays time-of-day in hours, minutes and seconds, a.m./p.m., date and day of the week. It also has a time-of-day alarm. Accuracy is 0.01%. Digits are ¼ in.-high. Dimensions (W x H x D): 21⁄8 x 21⁄8 x ½ in. and weighs 1 oz. Supplied with a two-year "always-on" battery and lanyard. An individually-serial-numbered Traceable® certificate is provided from an ISO/IEC 17025 calibration laboratory accredited by A2LA. It indicates traceability to standards provided by N.I.S.T.
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Lab Briefings Webinar Series
Cardinal Health Lab Briefings is an educational webinar series that provides clinical insights, industry information, and hot topic updates across a variety of diagnostic related issues. Cardinal Health sponsors these webinars with support from leading industry experts and opinion leaders. Receive CE credits by watching past and upcoming webinars at no cost.


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( By WHO - OMS, 1999 )
Pages: Index | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52
10-Conducting the assessment
The assessment can be carried out either at national level, as in preparing a consolidated appeal for humanitarian assistance, or at subnational, provincial, district or local levels. With some differences, the categories of data needed for each level of assessment are the same: in Box 5 on p. 85 there is a form which has recently been used for rapid health assessment at local level in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and that can be adapted to other situations.
As the background explains, complex emergencies usually involve population displacement and at least the risk of famine. Therefore, this protocol is to be used in conjunction with Chapter 7 and Chapter 8.
Information can be collected from existing documents, interviews, visits to the affected areas (see Chapters 1, 7, and 8). The information collected from NGOs, the United Nations, other international organizations, and the media will be particularly relevant in complex emergencies.
The rapid assessment consists of: describing the conflict, the affected area and the population, assessing the health outcome, the specific variables, and existing resources and additional immediate needs.
Describing the conflict, the affected area, and the population
To put health needs in perspective within the context of complex emergencies, information about the following is needed:
- duration of the conflict;
- state and progress of political negotiations (e.g. discussions for cease-fire);
- patterns of violence;
- accessible population;
- inaccessible population;
- inaccessible areas;
- occurrence of epidemics;
- occurrence of starvation; and
- general economic situation.
Assessing the health outcome
This is done by looking at crude and under-five mortality rates and causes, cause-specific morbidity and acute malnutrition rates, at least for the most severely affected areas or groups.
Assessing the variables
Information on the following points will help identify priorities and outline programmes for intervention in the short and medium term.
Violence and security
Information should be collected on:
- deaths and injuries from violence;
- deaths and injuries from landmines;
- occurrence of sexual violence;
- occurrence of torture;
- attacks on health personnel and response and recovery operators;
- attacks on health facilities; number and percentage of health facilities destroyed, closed or inaccessible;
- attacks on water systems;
- attacks on agriculture, food-processing, storage and distribution systems;
- attacks on response and recovery convoys;
- attacks on other lifeline systems: electricity, public transport, communications; and
- use of other inhumane weapons (e.g. biological and chemical).
Population displacement
Information should be collected on occurrence and numbers involved (see Chapter 7):
- internally displaced persons (IDPs);
- refugees in neighbouring countries;
- actual and expected movements (voluntary repatriations, foreseen returns);
- unaccompanied children;
- existence of IDP camps; and
- concentrations in urban areas (e.g. rates of urban growth).
Loss of production, food stocks, purchasing power, and commerce
Information should be collected on the loss of production, stocks of food, purchasing power and commerce (see Chapter 8).
Assessing local response capacity and immediate needs
Local response capacity and immediate needs should be assessed to determine the type and quality of external support required. As far as possible this information should be collected by province or district (see Chapter 7).
Health networks and programmes
The following information should be gathered on health networks and programmes:
- national health strategies addressing the emergency;
- percentage of working health facilities;
- geographical distribution of national health personnel (are they also displaced?);
- function of health information system (at least epidemiological and nutritional surveillance);
- availability and performance of primary health care services and programmes;
- capacities for surgery and trauma care;
- state of blood bank and transfusion safety;
- national and international organizations andNGOs: health projects and areas of coverage;
- military health assets (as far as possible, of all conflicting parties);
- sectoral coordination mechanisms;
- health training activities;
- salaries of national health personnel;
- share of state budget allocated to health; and
- international assistance to the health sector.
Environment and infrastructure
Information should be collected on the following:
- susceptibility to (history of) natural technological hazards;
- percentage of functioning water systems (urban, rural, IDP camps);
- percentage of working sanitation systems (urban, rural, IDP camps);
- state of roads, bridges, airports, etc.;
- percentage of buildings destroyed, public and private;
- presence of unexploded landmines and ordnance;
- geographical and climatic features; and
- prevalence of endemic diseases, vectors, etc.
Humanitarian assistance
The following points should be considered when assessing the humanitarian assistance being offered and planning for future provision of humanitarian assistance:
- composition of humanitarian assistance package (food and non-food);
- special humanitarian assistance programmes (demobilization, mine-awareness, and demining);
- access to the territory (road convoys, river and sea shipping, airlifts and airdrops, humanitarian corridors, windows of peace, etc.);
- patterns of aid distribution (i.e. by government, NGOs, the United Nations), timetable, coverage and logistic network;
- communication network;
- security requirements and assets;
- coordination mechanisms;
- procedures for international aid agreements;
- rights and authorizations for movements of people and goods (overflight, transit, landing);
- customs regulations, clearance, and waivers;
- mobilization of resources (projects, appeals, and donors response); and
- general budget for humanitarian assistance (at least data from latest appeal and, if possible, trends).


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text: Administration fee for late payment - or criminal rate of interest?October 6, 2008 Stikeman Elliott The recent decision Peter De Wolf v. Bell ExpressVu Inc. and Bell ExpressVu LP , released September 15, 2008, adds to the growing number of class action judgements that focus on substance over form in identifying illegal interest charges under s. 347 of the Criminal Code. The action arose as a result of an administration fee Bell ExpressVu charged its customers sixty days after the date of billing, if payment had not occurred. This charge was in addition to interest fees levied on overdue accounts beginning thirty days after billing. The representative plaintiff, Peter De Wolf, claimed that the administration fee fell within the broad definition of "interest" in s. 347 of the Criminal Code and far exceeded the criminal rate of 60%. The average monthly bill from Bell ExpressVu services is approximately $50/month; the administration fee in 2008 was a $25 charge, meaning that the interest rates charged to De Wolf on his overdue account often neared 350%. Bell ExpressVu argued that the charge represented liquidated damages, and was intended to offset the costs incurred by outstanding accounts. With a class action, De Wolf sought to recover the impugned charge and punitive damages. The proceeding was certified as a class proceeding (see [2008] O.J. No. 592). The certified class included "all former and current customers of the [Bell ExpressVu] who have been charged one or more administration fees.beginning January 1, 2003.up to the date of certification [February 6, 2008]." Bell ExpressVu serves more than 1.7 million customers in Canada; it is estimated that every month more than 33,000 customers are charged this administration fee. Both parties moved for summary judgement, agreeing that there was no genuine issue of material fact requiring a trial in respect of the first common issue, namely whether the administration fee set out in Bell ExpressVu standard form contract could be characterized as interest under s. 347 of the Criminal Code. Taking significant guidance from Garland v. Consumers' Gas Co. ([1998] 3 S.C.R. 112, a similar case that was also decided on summary judgment), the Court held that the administration fee constituted "in substance, a cost incurred by customers to receive credit under an arrangement" and therefore, fell within the Criminal Code definition of interest and was thus barred by s. 347. In coming to this conclusion, Perell J. focused on the timing of the charge to assess whether credit had in fact been advanced. The billing schedule was such that payment was due on Day 25 (following the billing), interest on the account began to accrue on Day 30, the administration fee was charged on Day 60, and service was disconnected on Day 75. Bell ExpressVu argued the charge was an attempt to enforce the contract, rather than an arrangement to permit later payment. The Court rejected this argument, finding that Bell ExpressVu's actual continuation of service after the charge belied such a premise. Since the service continued for an additional fifteen days following the administration charge, it was likely customers believed they were paying for credit rather than contractual remedies for breach. The Court held that in this case there was a consensual granting of credit and the fifteen-day period between the charging of the administration fee and actual service termination rendered the administration fee "credit." Further, Perell J. refused to accept the argument that Bell ExpressVu's right to terminate service from Day 30 was an indication that credit had been unilaterally taken, stating that the "difference between 'did not' and 'could not' [disconnect service] does not negate.there was an extension of credit." While the case falls within the reasoning espoused in Garland, it does provide further valuable distinctions between allowable charges and criminal interest. Building on the principle of substance over form, the Court refused to classify the administration fee based on either its title or Bell ExpressVu's understanding of the charge. Rather, the final characterization was heavily influenced by what the consumer's understanding of such a charge would be. Interestingly, the Court acknowledged that the fee was a genuine pre-estimate of actual costs incurred due to delinquent accounts, but this was not enough to save it from the scope of s. 347. The question of timing of such charges was clearly significant to Perell J. in identifying whether credit had been advanced, as opposed to efforts to enforce a contract. In this instance the Court found that the fact the administration charge was levied prior to service interruption was critical to the characterization of the fee as interest. In fact, Perell J. stated that service disconnection prior to the charge might have been enough to save the fee from the scope of the Criminal Code. With the main substantive issue in the common issues trial established, it remains to be seen how the parties will proceed next. The defendants may yet appeal. DISCLAIMER: This publication is intended to convey general information about legal issues and developments as of the indicated date. It does not constitute legal advice and must not be treated or relied on as such. Please read our full disclaimer at www.stikeman.com/legal-notice.