text: Health Care Costs: The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.Costs and Cost Analysis: Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.Health Status: The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.Public Health: Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.Delivery of Health Care: The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.Cost of Illness: The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.Health Policy: Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.Drug Costs: The amount that a health care institution or organization pays for its drugs. It is one component of the final price that is charged to the consumer (FEES, PHARMACEUTICAL or PRESCRIPTION FEES).Health Care Reform: Innovation and improvement of the health care system by reappraisal, amendment of services, and removal of faults and abuses in providing and distributing health services to patients. It includes a re-alignment of health services and health insurance to maximum demographic elements (the unemployed, indigent, uninsured, elderly, inner cities, rural areas) with reference to coverage, hospitalization, pricing and cost containment, insurers' and employers' costs, pre-existing medical conditions, prescribed drugs, equipment, and services.Health Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.Health Promotion: Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.Mental Health: The state wherein the person is well adjusted.Health: The state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.Health Services Accessibility: The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.Health Care Surveys: Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.Attitude to Health: Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.Health Planning: Planning for needed health and/or welfare services and facilities.Primary Health Care: Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)Health Services: Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.Quality of Health Care: The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.Insurance, Health: Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.Health Behavior: Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.World Health: The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.Health Personnel: Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)Health Services Needs and Demand: Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.Cost Control: The containment, regulation, or restraint of costs. Costs are said to be contained when the value of resources committed to an activity is not considered excessive. This determination is frequently subjective and dependent upon the specific geographic area of the activity being measured. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Health Education: Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.Oral Health: The optimal state of the mouth and normal functioning of the organs of the mouth without evidence of disease.Health Services Research: The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Public Health Administration: Management of public health organizations or agencies.Health Expenditures: The amounts spent by individuals, groups, nations, or private or public organizations for total health care and/or its various components. These amounts may or may not be equivalent to the actual costs (HEALTH CARE COSTS) and may or may not be shared among the patient, insurers, and/or employers.Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice: Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).Cost-Benefit Analysis: A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.Occupational Health: The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.Patient Acceptance of Health Care: The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.Health Status Disparities: Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by socioeconomic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures.Health Care Rationing: Planning for the equitable allocation, apportionment, or distribution of available health resources.Delivery of Health Care, Integrated: A health care system which combines physicians, hospitals, and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers. In a fully integrated system, the three key elements - physicians, hospital, and health plan membership - are in balance in terms of matching medical resources with the needs of purchasers and patients. (Coddington et al., Integrated Health Care: Reorganizing the Physician, Hospital and Health Plan Relationship, 1994, p7)Health Priorities: Preferentially rated health-related activities or functions to be used in establishing health planning goals. This may refer specifically to PL93-641.Mental Health Services: Organized services to provide mental health care.Cost Sharing: Provisions of an insurance policy that require the insured to pay some portion of covered expenses. Several forms of sharing are in use, e.g., deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments. Cost sharing does not refer to or include amounts paid in premiums for the coverage. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Public Health Practice: The activities and endeavors of the public health services in a community on any level.National Health Programs: Components of a national health care system which administer specific services, e.g., national health insurance.Direct Service Costs: Costs which are directly identifiable with a particular service.Health Care Sector: Economic sector concerned with the provision, distribution, and consumption of health care services and related products.Rural Health: The status of health in rural populations.Community Health Services: Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community.Women's Health: The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of women.Outcome Assessment (Health Care): Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).Health Resources: Available manpower, facilities, revenue, equipment, and supplies to produce requisite health care and services.Urban Health: The status of health in urban populations.Child Health Services: Organized services to provide health care for children.Health Literacy: Degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.Attitude of Health Personnel: Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.World Health Organization: A specialized agency of the United Nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples.Cost Allocation: The assignment, to each of several particular cost-centers, of an equitable proportion of the costs of activities that serve all of them. Cost-center usually refers to institutional departments or services.Rural Health Services: Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.Health Facilities: Institutions which provide medical or health-related services.Community Health Planning: Planning that has the goals of improving health, improving accessibility to health services, and promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p299)Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Regional Health Planning: Planning for health resources at a regional or multi-state level.Health Manpower: The availability of HEALTH PERSONNEL. It includes the demand and recruitment of both professional and allied health personnel, their present and future supply and distribution, and their assignment and utilization.Quality Assurance, Health Care: Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Community Health Centers: Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to people living in a community or neighborhood.Preventive Health Services: Services designed for HEALTH PROMOTION and prevention of disease.Health Benefit Plans, Employee: Health insurance plans for employees, and generally including their dependents, usually on a cost-sharing basis with the employer paying a percentage of the premium.Public Health Nursing: A nursing specialty concerned with promoting and protecting the health of populations, using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences to develop local, regional, state, and national health policy and research. It is population-focused and community-oriented, aimed at health promotion and disease prevention through educational, diagnostic, and preventive programs.Maternal Health Services: Organized services to provide health care to expectant and nursing mothers.Electronic Health Records: Media that facilitate transportability of pertinent information concerning patient's illness across varied providers and geographic locations. Some versions include direct linkages to online consumer health information that is relevant to the health conditions and treatments related to a specific patient.Employer Health Costs: That portion of total HEALTH CARE COSTS borne by an individual's or group's employing organization.Health Occupations: Professions or other business activities directed to the cure and prevention of disease. For occupations of medical personnel who are not physicians but who are working in the fields of medical technology, physical therapy, etc., ALLIED HEALTH OCCUPATIONS is available.Reproductive Health: The physical condition of human reproductive systems.Occupational Health Services: Health services for employees, usually provided by the employer at the place of work.Health Services for the Aged: Services for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the aged and the maintenance of health in the elderly.State Health Plans: State plans prepared by the State Health Planning and Development Agencies which are made up from plans submitted by the Health Systems Agencies and subject to review and revision by the Statewide Health Coordinating Council.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Health Services Administration: The organization and administration of health services dedicated to the delivery of health care.Great BritainPublic Health Informatics: The systematic application of information and computer sciences to public health practice, research, and learning.Politics: Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.Interviews as Topic: Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.Health Plan Implementation: Those actions designed to carry out recommendations pertaining to health plans or programs.Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care): Evaluation procedures that focus on both the outcome or status (OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT) of the patient at the end of an episode of care - presence of symptoms, level of activity, and mortality; and the process (ASSESSMENT, PROCESS) - what is done for the patient diagnostically and therapeutically.National Institutes of Health (U.S.): An operating division of the US Department of Health and Human Services. It is concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to health and medical research. Until 1995, it was an agency of the United States PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Program Evaluation: Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.Catchment Area (Health): A geographic area defined and served by a health program or institution.Quality-Adjusted Life Years: A measurement index derived from a modification of standard life-table procedures and designed to take account of the quality as well as the duration of survival. This index can be used in assessing the outcome of health care procedures or services. (BIOETHICS Thesaurus, 1994)Quality Indicators, Health Care: Norms, criteria, standards, and other direct qualitative and quantitative measures used in determining the quality of health care.Health Care Coalitions: Voluntary groups of people representing diverse interests in the community such as hospitals, businesses, physicians, and insurers, with the principal objective to improve health care cost effectiveness.Women's Health Services: Organized services to provide health care to women. It excludes maternal care services for which MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES is available.Poverty: A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.Reproductive Health Services: Health care services related to human REPRODUCTION and diseases of the reproductive system. Services are provided to both sexes and usually by physicians in the medical or the surgical specialties such as REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE; ANDROLOGY; GYNECOLOGY; OBSTETRICS; and PERINATOLOGY.Health Services, Indigenous: Health care provided to specific cultural or tribal peoples which incorporates local customs, beliefs, and taboos.Urban Health Services: Health services, public or private, in urban areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.Health Records, Personal: Longitudinal patient-maintained records of individual health history and tools that allow individual control of access.Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.Family Health: The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.Managed Care Programs: Health insurance plans intended to reduce unnecessary health care costs through a variety of mechanisms, including: economic incentives for physicians and patients to select less costly forms of care; programs for reviewing the medical necessity of specific services; increased beneficiary cost sharing; controls on inpatient admissions and lengths of stay; the establishment of cost-sharing incentives for outpatient surgery; selective contracting with health care providers; and the intensive management of high-cost health care cases. The programs may be provided in a variety of settings, such as HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS and PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS.Men's Health: The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of men.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Health Planning Guidelines: Recommendations for directing health planning functions and policies. These may be mandated by PL93-641 and issued by the Department of Health and Human Services for use by state and local planning agencies.Health Maintenance Organizations: Organized systems for providing comprehensive prepaid health care that have five basic attributes: (1) provide care in a defined geographic area; (2) provide or ensure delivery of an agreed-upon set of basic and supplemental health maintenance and treatment services; (3) provide care to a voluntarily enrolled group of persons; (4) require their enrollees to use the services of designated providers; and (5) receive reimbursement through a predetermined, fixed, periodic prepayment made by the enrollee without regard to the degree of services provided. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)Financing, Government: Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.Allied Health Personnel: Health care workers specially trained and licensed to assist and support the work of health professionals. Often used synonymously with paramedical personnel, the term generally refers to all health care workers who perform tasks which must otherwise be performed by a physician or other health professional.Population Surveillance: Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.Community Mental Health Services: Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the community.Health Planning Support: Financial resources provided for activities related to health planning and development.Social Justice: An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of all.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Adolescent Health Services: Organized services to provide health care to adolescents, ages ranging from 13 through 18 years.Policy Making: The decision process by which individuals, groups or institutions establish policies pertaining to plans, programs or procedures.Comprehensive Health Care: Providing for the full range of personal health services for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation of patients.School Health Services: Preventive health services provided for students. It excludes college or university students.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Consumer Participation: Community or individual involvement in the decision-making process.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Schools, Public Health: Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of public health.Healthcare Disparities: Differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services.Insurance Coverage: Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed)Rural Population: The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.United States Dept. of Health and Human Services: A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with administering those agencies and offices having programs pertaining to health and human services.State Medicine: A system of medical care regulated, controlled and financed by the government, in which the government assumes responsibility for the health needs of the population.Marketing of Health Services: Application of marketing principles and techniques to maximize the use of health care resources.Private Sector: That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Models, Economic: Statistical models of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as well as of financial considerations. For the application of statistics to the testing and quantifying of economic theories MODELS, ECONOMETRIC is available.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Qualitative Research: Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)Financing, Personal: Payment by individuals or their family for health care services which are not covered by a third-party payer, either insurance or medical assistance.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Needs Assessment: Systematic identification of a population's needs or the assessment of individuals to determine the proper level of services needed.Health Food: A non-medical term defined by the lay public as a food that has little or no preservatives, which has not undergone major processing, enrichment or refinement and which may be grown without pesticides. (from Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Hospitalization: The confinement of a patient in a hospital.Health Fairs: Community health education events focused on prevention of disease and promotion of health through audiovisual exhibits.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Cooperative Behavior: The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)Health Communication: The transfer of information from experts in the medical and public health fields to patients and the public. The study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community decisions that enhance health.Program Development: The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).Educational Status: Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Mass Screening: Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.EnglandDental Health Services: Services designed to promote, maintain, or restore dental health.Social Class: A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Australia: The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.Universal Coverage: Health insurance coverage for all persons in a state or country, rather than for some subset of the population. It may extend to the unemployed as well as to the employed; to aliens as well as to citizens; for pre-existing conditions as well as for current illnesses; for mental as well as for physical conditions.Prepaid Health Plans: Contracts between an insurer and a subscriber or a group of subscribers whereby a specified set of health benefits is provided in return for a periodic premium.Public Sector: The area of a nation's economy that is tax-supported and under government control.International Cooperation: The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.United States Public Health Service: A constituent organization of the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES concerned with protecting and improving the health of the nation.Organizational Objectives: The purposes, missions, and goals of an individual organization or its units, established through administrative processes. It includes an organization's long-range plans and administrative philosophy.Budgets: Detailed financial plans for carrying out specific activities for a certain period of time. They include proposed income and expenditures.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Government Agencies: Administrative units of government responsible for policy making and management of governmental activities.Employment: The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary.Organizational Case Studies: Descriptions and evaluations of specific health care organizations.Medicaid: Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XIX, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, administered by the states, that provides health care benefits to indigent and medically indigent persons.Ambulatory Care: Health care services provided to patients on an ambulatory basis, rather than by admission to a hospital or other health care facility. The services may be a part of a hospital, augmenting its inpatient services, or may be provided at a free-standing facility.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Residence Characteristics: Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.Interinstitutional Relations: The interactions between representatives of institutions, agencies, or organizations.Health Planning Councils: Organized groups serving in advisory capacities related to health planning activities.Urban Population: The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.Health Transition: Demographic and epidemiologic changes that have occurred in the last five decades in many developing countries and that are characterized by major growth in the number and proportion of middle-aged and elderly persons and in the frequency of the diseases that occur in these age groups. The health transition is the result of efforts to improve maternal and child health via primary care and outreach services and such efforts have been responsible for a decrease in the birth rate; reduced maternal mortality; improved preventive services; reduced infant mortality, and the increased life expectancy that defines the transition. (From Ann Intern Med 1992 Mar 15;116(6):499-504)Efficiency, Organizational: The capacity of an organization, institution, or business to produce desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, personnel, materiel, etc.Occupational Health Nursing: The practice of nursing in the work environment.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Maternal-Child Health Centers: Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to mothers and children.Medically Uninsured: Individuals or groups with no or inadequate health insurance coverage. Those falling into this category usually comprise three primary groups: the medically indigent (MEDICAL INDIGENCY); those whose clinical condition makes them medically uninsurable; and the working uninsured.Patient Satisfaction: The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.Fees and Charges: Amounts charged to the patient as payer for health care services.Financing, Organized: All organized methods of funding.Education, Public Health Professional: Education and training in PUBLIC HEALTH for the practice of the profession.Insurance, Health, Reimbursement: Payment by a third-party payer in a sum equal to the amount expended by a health care provider or facility for health services rendered to an insured or program beneficiary. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)History, 20th Century: Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.Decision Making, Organizational: The process by which decisions are made in an institution or other organization.Social Determinants of Health: The circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, as well as the systems put in place to deal with illness. These circumstances are in turn shaped by a wider set of forces: economics, social policies, and politics (http://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/).Pilot Projects: Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.Research Design: A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.Holistic Health: Health as viewed from the perspective that humans and other organisms function as complete, integrated units rather than as aggregates of separate parts.BrazilSocial Support: Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc.Efficiency: Ratio of output to effort, or the ratio of effort produced to energy expended.Stress, Psychological: Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.IndiaEthnic Groups: A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.Consumer Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a benefit or service received.Models, Theoretical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.State Government: The level of governmental organization and function below that of the national or country-wide government.Demography: Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.Dental Health Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to dental or oral health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.Social Responsibility: The obligations and accountability assumed in carrying out actions or ideas on behalf of others.National Health Insurance, United States


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Head impacts and concussions caused by contact sports are a quickly growing epidemic among young athletes. When left undetected, concussions can result in long-term brain damage and may even prove fatal.
To preserve the young athlete's head health, mental cognition and ability to succeed, it is critical that coaches, players and parents are aware of the inherent dangers and how to properly perform a concussion evaluation.
CDC reports show that the amount of reported concussions has doubled in the last 10 years. The American Academy of Pediatrics has reported that emergency room visits for concussions in kids ages 8 to 13 years old has doubled, and concussions have risen 200 percent among teens ages 14 to 19 in the last decade.
While the first hit can prove problematic, the second or third head impact can cause permanent long-term brain damage. Cumulative sports concussions are shown to increase the likelihood of catastrophic head injury leading to permanent neurologic disability by 39 percent.
High school football accounts for 47 percent of all reported sports concussions, with 33 percent of concussions occurring during practice. After football, ice hockey and soccer pose the most significant head health risk.
Without medical professionals present to assess the head impact or impact measurement data to review, head health management standards decline. Athletes are left vulnerable and ill-equipped without information readily available about their own health.
Sports Concussion Statistics:
3,800,000 concussions reported in 2012, double what was reported in 2002
33% of all sports concussions happen at practice
39% — the amount by which cumulative concussions are shown to increase catastrophic head injury leading to permanent neurologic disability
47% of all reported sports concussions occur during high school football
1 in 5 high school athletes will sustain a sports concussion during the season
33% of high school athletes who have a sports concussion report two or more in the same year
4 to 5 million concussions occur annually, with rising numbers among middle school athletes
90% of most diagnosed concussions do not involve a loss of consciousness
An estimated 5.3 million Americans live with a traumatic brain injury-related disability (CDC)
Concussion Rates per Sport
The below numbers indicate the amount of sports concussions taking place per 100,000 athletic exposures. An athletic exposure is defined as one athlete participating in one organized high school athletic practice or competition, regardless of the amount of time played.
Football: 64 -76.8
Boys' ice hockey: 54
Girl's soccer: 33
Boys' lacrosse: 40 – 46.6
Girls' lacrosse: 31 – 35
Boys' soccer: 19 – 19.2
Boys' wrestling: 22 – 23.9
Girls' basketball: 18.6 – 21
Girls' softball: 16 – 16.3
Boys' basketball: 16 – 21.2
Girls' field hockey: 22 – 24.9
Cheerleading: 11.5 to 14
Girls' volleyball: 6 – 8.6
Boys' baseball: Between 4.6 – 5
Girls' gymnastics: 7
Disclaimer: Head Case does NOT offer medical advice. The content on this website is for informational purposes only. Do not rely or act upon information from www.headcasecompany.com without seeking professional medical advice. Do not delay seeing a doctor if you think you have a medical problem. In case of a medical emergency, call 911.


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Opening Hours
9am – 5.30pm
Sunday 11am
Our Family Café
We warmly welcome guests of all ages to our restaurant with a family-friendly menu and delicious home-made food.
The atmosphere is relaxed and inviting and children are especially welcomed, so do please join us soon for a delectable, revitalising and a thoroughly enjoyable bite to eat. We are passionate about the food we offer. We bake in-house and also source products from local suppliers. Our team in the Coffee Shop are passionate about this new venture which creates a whole new dimension to Newlands Home and Garden Centre.
Everything is made daily, is beautifully presented and bursting with flavour.
Our artisan coffee is handroasted locally by craftsmen and tastes divine. For orders/inquiries please call: 01 4592013 email:firstname.lastname@example.com. We cater for tours and groups - call or email us anytime to make a booking
€5.25 Breakfast Panini: Filled with Sausage & Bacon & Egg with Ballymaloe Relish
€3.99 Croissant: Filled with Ham & Emmental Cheese
€4.50 Pancakes: With a selection of toppings
€3.50 Gourmet Sausage Roll Served with Ballymaloe Rellish & Salad
€3.99 Bacon Sandwich
€3.99 Sausage Sandwich
€4.50 Homemade Soup of the day served with brown bread
€6.99 Freshly made Quiche with Selection of salads
€6.99 Daily Lunch Special Served with Seasonal Salads
€5.99 Chicken Caesar Salad
€5.50 Newlands Special: Ballymaloe Rellish, Rocket, Chicken & Bacon, Sweet Chilli Sauce, Coleslaw & Scallions in bread of your choice
€6.99 Goats Cheese Tartlet with Selection of Salads
€5.99 Triple Decker Club Sandwich with Bacon, Cheese & Chicken with Mixed salad & Coleslaw
€5.25 Chargrilled Chicken Ciabatta with Mozzarella Cheese, Sweet Chili Sauce & Roasted Veg
€4.99 Hummus Bagel with Roasted Veg & Rocket
€5.25 Tuna Melt with Swiss Cheese, Red Onion, Tomatoes & Thousand Island Dressing
€5.50 Bacon Bagle with Cream Cheese, Sundried Tomatoes & Scallions
€5.50 Turkey & Brie Ciabatta topped with Cranberry Sauce, Brie, Rocket & Tomatoes
All Sandwiches are served with a salad garnish.
€1.99 Sausage Roll
€3.00 Soup & Bread
€3.00 Sandwich
€2.00 Cookie & Milk
€2.99 Pancakes with a choice of toppings


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Colorado River DCP Signed!
Representatives of seven Western states and the federal government signed a landmark deal on Monday laying out potential cuts in water deliveries through 2026 to reduce the risks of the river's reservoirs hitting critically low levels. Yet even as they celebrated the deal's completion on a terrace overlooking Hoover Dam and drought-stricken Lake Mead, state and federal


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For the latest coronavirus care instructions and resources, please call our COVID-19 hotline at 208-381-9500. Find additional information and resources here and learn more about how we're working to keep you healthy and safe.
Search by keyword or browse our list of services.
Find a provider by specialty, location, or availability.
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Visit us to pay bills, ask billing questions, or request billing records.
We're pleased and humbled that you've chosen to recognize a St. Luke's caregiver who's made a difference in your life. We believe that every person deserves skilled medical care, compassion and understanding, and respect for their dignity and privacy.
Whether you're a patient, family member, or friend, we welcome not only your thanks but any concerns, questions, or suggestions for how we can be better. Working together, we can make every patient experience at St. Luke's the best it can be.
Recognize any St. Luke's employee who made a difference by making a tax-deductible, charitable gift in his or her honor.
Nominate an extraordinary nurse for The DAISY Award®.
How do you define health? Physical? Mental? Social? Health goes beyond medical care. It's how we take care of ourselves, how we interact with our communities, how we take care of each other.
Let St. Luke's support your health, however you define it.


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Scenario 09: The Siege of Gondor
Scenario Description
It's taking form, but given the number of enemy troops, realism means you last about 5 minutes. Hmm! Hope to have a play concept shortly, but my initial thoughts are to add Pelennor Fields and Aragorn and the Dead People into one Scenario.
Sample Screenshots
Initial Concept Shot ….
Gothmog rides into Minas Tirith
Deployment of Minas Tirith Troops.
Oh No! A Siege Tower that may actually beach a wall!
Final MT Look, Major prize for those who can spot the 10 differences from the concept shot. (Needs rendered sky)
(the blue guys do not count)
Scenario Download:
Any comments, identified bugs, or constructive suggestions are welcome.
Note: These scenarios require Legends of Middle Earth version 4.1 which can he downladed here. Version 4.0, posted here and at AoMH in February 2011, will not support all of the ROTK scenarios.


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Менің нұсқаулықтарым
Инструкции с моим вкладом
Ответ на "Pressure marks on screen"The cheaper screens sometimes are more frail, but in the 98% of the cases the problem is the correct placement of the screen on the device. The screen of the ipod 4g, is glued and supported on the back aluminum case. If the case it is not straight due to a drop or other, or if the old glue of the old display it isn't removed completely when the new lcd was mounted, all seems to be fine, but when you press the screen on every day use the force is concentrated on this non straight or non cleaned points and from this points start the cracks. Remember that this glass, is non-scratchable because is hard, but at the same time, it is very rigid, and non elastic, so it have to has mounted on a very clear and plate surface.
Ответ на "Why home Button unresponsive after I replaced the ribbon cable?"Maybe you've broken the ribbon cable connector, it is very VERY frail. But before you change it, it was working sometimes or not?
Ответ на "After a screen replacement I have no audio when making a call"Probably you have broke or bent the earpiece speaker contact. Check these contacts and be sure to have positioned correctly the top part of the logic board. When reinstalling thelogic board, be sure to clean it with a degreaser such as windex or isopropyl alcohol. The oils on your fingers have the potential to create bad contact. If you find your contact OK, check the erapiece with a TESTER and if it's broken, change it.
Ответ на "Home button does not respond"Could you describe HOW you have cleaned the contact?
Ответ на "Battory not get charge properly and Will not boot"It seems have the battery drained out, if you can try charge it with another charger. Because if the charger has some problem, it isn't capable to charge the battery correctly.
Ответ на "no voice during the call"Try to use the phone after restore, without loading the backup. In this mode, you are sure that any apps can make the microphone not working. Maybe you have some apps that interfere with the microphone.
Ответ на "Replace a broken screen?"Yes, they are. I've replaced many LCD, and i've bought them all on ebay. Never had any types of problem. Check here Dell Inspiron LCD on Ebay


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ESPN Loses U.K. Premier League Soccer Rights
BSkyB and BT were awarded rights to show live Premier League soccer matches for the next three seasons after outbidding Walt Disney's ESPN. WSJ's Bruce Orwall has the details.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... the the ... the really cheesy ... pics ... really is ... auctioned off ... three as a broadcasting rights ... for all of our four point five billion dollars nearly sent sunrise law was able to sell its full in ... Oak City ... previously well Greece's ... most all of that indicated the deal ... goes with it ... what what's the basics of the deal would stop there ... well you've got that the sky be which is a longtime bedrock of the Premier League package in a big increase over ... their pay more than forty percent more for their rights to hang on them and then ... of ... beekeepers Telecom has come and ... and will replace ESPN and the new package as the second partner ... I'm and they are paying an enormous ... price to swell to come in and try to get a piece of that ... you know ... popular content that the Premier League were present with us all this of course of the study is sore released was to use cool clear about them and ... they will ... weaken losses with the study with a drop map but I don't think ... if I was all sixty or so basically what's odd is that this new package the side ... wall this is odious yet ... um because they have the GOP's before but it does I mean this really shows the couple things one is that I'm ... content continues to be perfectly ... were widely popular content continues to be ... an important and you know valuable on the rise in value for people who wanna distribute a TV content might not bring a TV broadcasters and what have you what people thought that this deal was not going to be ... nearly this kind of value because ... so many homes have already in the UK by Premier League packages to Sky primarily ... of their some other factors that you would think might have ... cut the price is more stable but the fact that ... for example the phone company not to the ... wire ... is coming into two dpi try to get a piece of this and ... try to spice up shows you that they're still just bought the hell ravenous interest in trying to use this content is the Fed ... for something else OK says it's also possible says the practice ... is just because it's got more into the US when we know the truth really is something that's seen as ... the upper GI policy of the football well obviously it's ... just that when will people wanna watch these games but this is only for the UK REITs may have in fact they have a second option that comes later that deal with the NCAA's all to international by so this is just to hang on Tuesday the British audience so it really reflects an enormous ... and the enormous value that the professional sports particularly ... the canes in the heart of people wanted to be easy ... to say a basis of the Casa status of trickle down to the view is that all of you know can get that that isn't a protected tracking ... the increase in price will be the sky the ante ... in the cost well PT has invested a lot already and an example in this ... up ... watching the fiber optic broadband TV service you know this is the new content to feed so ... you know their pricing will probably be announced in in ... in a few weeks or months ... you know that that that that the money is going to trickle up to the owners of the Premier League clubs Laredo ... I mean an end to the prevailing buyers who was also the basic is ridiculous in the sense that comparable salaries get to the US ... you know can really owners get any richer it's already she symbolic art and what have you so I've ... agreed to pay an enormous amount of players but this basic is the token but it will anything that way in the share prices of these have the NBC have gone really ... well you know it was just goes to show that we would you be if you're shareholder you're probably not very excited about the fact that your ... pain you know seventy percent more for something ... over the next three years then and it was worth the last three years ... this is just to eat at this stage of the game would pick something isn't likely to expect these sorts of increases in ... in in in the on call state with a fourth book one of things that drove the perception of higher value in this round of bidding was in other words ... the idea that for example held to zero was was bout to be a possible bidder in this round ... we don't know if they were present in that in the bidding this time around a lot of people think they will definitely be a factor next time so ... that will drive things up yes can you have to imagine ... wants to be in this market so they may be back next time around it could be even more intense and that in the day that we


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Charm Bracelets For Young Teens
Teenagers are very much fashion conscious today. They are often seen hovering around the all decked up, exquisite counters of leading jewelry showrooms with laminated hoardings. Television watching mostly consists of those snappy commercials and print ads displaying all alluring charms for youngsters to buy.
According to a latest survey in US, teens make up the largest block to buy those smart and trendy trinkets as bracelets jingling in their wrists. However, this season, trends have shifted to a different variety of bracelets for teens and youngsters. Thanks to this revenue-raising season of Christmas and events like New Year, college fests and other popular programs that augment the sales of jewelry.
Bracelets are seen and cherished in various kinds of styles and sets like simple bangle bracelet or hanging jingling trinkets with a link chain. There are several link chains as anklets which look subtle and decorative on ankles. They say that bracelets are actually harbingers of luck and talismans for good omen. Along with bracelets, bangles are worn with singles or generous stacks, thick or thin.
Angara?s much joyfully exciting and pricey-looking, diamond bracelets are in vogue amongst the youth brigade. There are those vintage yet classic artful conceptions like flickering and glimmering diamond channel-set bracelets. They are available in both white and yellow gold.
Most wanted and top demanded are white gold bracelets in newer designs like prong, clover, signature charm, stackable, milgrain and bar-set. These charm bracelets are a fad amongst teenagers and also a promising trend amongst women too. Diamonds make a favorite choice for bracelets because they are most exquisite, transparent crisp-looking clear gemstones.
Diamonds exude a sinless innocence within white gold or platinum since this versatile crystal is a perfect choice for everyday. In addition, its magnificence is one of its kind when accessorized with any kind of wardrobe.
Simultaneously, yellow gold channel-set diamond bracelet oozes out that sunny exuberance with its sun-kissed metallic gleam. It appears as if matching to your skin, accentuating it. There are bracelets for every occasion. Gift them to your lady love on Valentine?s Day, and seal the bond of your lovely relationship.
Provide them to your loved ones as lucky charms and make them stand distinctly fashionable and smart in the crowd.
Offer captivating trance of bezel or milgrain-set diamond bracelet to your ladies on occasions like graduation, anniversary or as a bridal novelty.
Today?s youth is not a trend follower but a trend-setter. They definitely set hypes buying and adorning these beautiful style statements with lots of confidence that it doesn?t appears like just jewelry but a part of their generation.


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1841 St. Matthews Ave. W 204-775-7800
389 Graham Ave. 204-942-6673
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
- St. Matthews is open! You can now access St. Matthews from St. James Street!
- New Arrivals: Oversized Canvas, New Glass Decor & More!
Cafe and Restaurant
Mocha Latte (14" x 14")
$44.97 Kate Ward Thacker
Order this item online!Back to Cafe and Restaurant
Style: Double Framed Canvax Finish
Size: 14" x 14"
Item #: A9-341
Price: $44.97
Applicable Return Policies:
*Online Orders are considered Final Sales.


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The unique combination of academic learning and practical skills
embodied in the Undergraduate Certificate in Accounting program creates
an exciting and important educational option for students looking to
advance in their careers and to expand their professional opportunities.
This certificate program provides the basis of the theoretical
background and technical training required to step into the world of
accounting and step up to career opportunities in the public, private,
and government sectors.
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If you're tired of the often tedious and time consuming process of locating a rental property to meet your needs, know that our team of North Scottsdale real estate agents can help you sort through ALL available Scottsdale rental homes in the Arizona Regional Multiple Listing System (ARMLS) and at no cost to you. All the listings in ARMLS are listed by the homeowners' agents and all fees due to our brokerage for helping you locate and contract a lease property come directly from the homeowners' broker. We can set up searches that, based on your criteria, will automatically send you listings.
Please note that our North Scottsdale property rental team of realtors receives numerous Scottsdale rental inquiries each day. Therefore, to help us operate more efficiently and better service our rental clients like you, we need to understand more about your current living situation as early in the process as possible. This will enable us to locate a rental home that better suits your current living needs while considering your past living circumstances.
Please complete this form in its entirety after which, we will contact you and decide how you would like to move forward. Thank you.


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Many of us like to use the internet but once it becomes problematic and an addiction more than casual use, mental health problems can result in internet addiction. Sometimes referred to as problematic internet use, internet addiction can be assessed by your therapist depending upon how much you are using the internet. If it is beginning to negatively impact upon family, work, social life and relationships then action needs to be taken to bring it back under control.
By consulting with a professional internet addiction therapist or counsellor, they can provide direct treatment and eradicate the problem. Although internet addiction is not formally recognised as an addiction, it is treated by analysts and has much in common with other addictions such as gambling or even impulse control disorders.
Internet addiction will involve a great amount of time using the internet online but it can be treated by a professional therapist who understands addiction. Once you understand that you have a problem and make a move to seek help, your internet addiction psychoanalyst can begin to help you. Obviously everyone needs to use the internet sometime so the goal will be to reduce your use and not completely negate it.
Expanding upon your level of internet addiction, your therapist may use a mix of methods to assist you including group or family therapy, individual therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy or whatever form of psychotherapy seems the most appropriate.
If you would like us to put you in touch with a counsellor or analyst that makes use of therapy to treat internet addiction, fill in the form below. We will identify a practitioner that is suitable for you and who will be able to assist


text: We went to the soft Opening of Coffee Shop Of Horrors at Monte Verde Florida yesterday. Where owners Roxana and Nick opened their new coffee house in their beautiful home town. They will be having an official Grand Opening some time next month, which we will also attend. In celebration for the occasion we are also happy to announce that we are now selling Coffee Shop of Horrors select coffees @chibisboba come on in and get you horror on! We will be carrying more flavors in the near future. #ChibisBoba #bobatea #bobalife#CoffeeShopOfHorrors


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So often on this blog I write of where I have been and what I have seen, but, I also have dreams of some huge road trips. Perhaps my biggest dream is to go to Alaska via Alberta, British Columbia and Yukon Territory. I have even gotten my free booklet from NorthtoAlaska.com entitled "The Ultimate North American Road Trip". If I were to do this trip, the following would be my mapped route:
Some of the sights I would want to see (all photos taken from the North to Alaska website — since I have not been to these places yet…)
On the way back, I would also want to go to Yellowstone and on to the Beartooth Highway in northwest Wyoming. This would be a long and likely expensive trip. But, it is truly my ultimate dream trip.
My second bucket list trip would be to drive the entire length of US Highway 20. It goes coast to coast across the US and spans a whopping 3,365 miles, beginning in Boston, MA and ending in Newport, OR. Along the way on my many trips, I have touched on this highway.
The wonder of a roadtrip like this is that it touches so many small communities along the way and much of it is not freeway. It would be an awesome trip to document.
Another dream trip would be to take old U.S. Route 6, The Grand Army of the Republic Highway, across the country. After U.S. Route 20, it is the second-longest U.S. highway in the United States and the longest continuous highway. There is actually a group whose goal it is to preserve the Heritage of Highway 6. The site, called the U.S. Route 6 Tourist Association is chock full of information about this great road. It stretches 3,652 miles from Provincetown, MA to Long Beach, CA.
Like Highway 20, I have touched on parts of this highway in my many travels. But to drive these roads would be a great adventure.
This route is my fourth bucket list trip – following California SR 1 along the Pacific Coast. The highway is famous for running along some of the most beautiful coastlines in the USA, leading to its designation as an All-American Road.
As with the two highways above, this road goes thru numerous communities and eventually meets up with Oregon Highway 101. This is also called the Oregon Coast Highway and I have traveled some of this already.
Also known as the Oregon Coast Highway No. 9, this highway goes over the high mountain ranges along the coast of Oregon and offers some breathtaking views.
There is a great Mile by Mile site that points out all of the locations one can see on this trip.
For now, I can only dream of taking these trips, but, without the dreams, the reality may never happen.


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Meyer: Current All Blacks team is the best in history
Heyneke Meyer has branded New Zealand the best side in rugby history - but still insisted South Africa can topple the defending champions in Saturday's World Cup semi-final.
Head coach Meyer admitted mistakes "over-motivating the team" in previous losses to the All Blacks, warning the Springboks to keep their cool this week.
The Springboks supremo's high accolade for the 2011 World Cup winners sets up a pre-emptive humble brag, should his side topple the current Webb Ellis Cup holders at Twickenham.
Meyer joked he bought Kiwi counterpart Steve Hansen a crate of beer after South Africa's 27-25 October 2014 triumph - and would need a truckload of the duo's traditional gift to do justice to a win this weekend.
"I really mean this, it's not just talk: this is the best team that has ever played the game," said Meyer of Hansen's All Blacks.
"If you look at the last four years, after a World Cup usually there's a decline in performance.
"Steve's been there for eight years, four as assistant, and they've just got better after the previous World Cup, which just hasn't happened before in world rugby.
"We know this must be our best performance probably ever to beat them, because I do believe they are best team ever to play the game.
"In saying that, you have to believe you can beat them. We know we have to be at our best.
"Every single game against them has gone right to the wire.
"We've started a tradition where the first time I'd lost I was very down, Steve (Hansen) came over and I think that's great about rugby - he came over and brought me a beer.
"He said 'listen, I know how you feel, I know the pressure on you, just have a beer with me'. And I really respect that.
"We'd lost that game, the second game we played away was very close and we lost that game as well, and he came looking for me with another beer afterwards.
"He gave it to me and we started talking about his family, and his wife, and we know we're under the same pressure.
"We're proud countries. He's got to know my family, I've got to know his family.
"The winning coach always brings the beer now. I said the first time we beat you I'll bring you a case of beer.
"So what I really respect about Steve is that after our win he took it like a man, and said 'I'm waiting for that beer'.
"Hopefully I can give Steve a case of beers on Saturday!"


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Britannia Houses for Sale
With approximately 700 residents, the inner-city community of Britannia is bordered by Elbow Drive and the Elbow River. It was established in the 1950s and is known as one of the more affluent neighbourhoods in Calgary.
With its location along the Bow River, its revitalization has made it an even more desirable neighbourhood with shopping, parks and pathways and a quick commute to the downtown core.
Included below are homes for sale in Britannia. If you would like more information on any of these Britannia real estate listings, just click the "Request More Information" button when viewing the details of that property. We can provide you with disclosures, past sales history, dates and prices of homes recently sold nearby, and more.
And, if you haven't already, be sure to register for a free account so that you can receive email alerts whenever new Britannia listings come on the market.


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Written by Josh Ballard on 17th February 2015
Category: SilverDoor news
What a treat! It's Pancake Day and you have a fully equipped kitchen in your serviced apartment calling out to be used to whip up some tasty crêpes, pannenkoeken, blinis or pikelets (depending on where in the world you spent your childhood).
Otherwise known as Shrove Tuesday, Pancake Day marks the start of Lent and traditionally, forty days of fasting for Christians. Making pancakes used to ensure the last ingredients in the kitchen were used up before beginning your fast but these days it's an excuse to overindulge and eat a whole jar of Nutella in one sitting.
We've put together a few recipes from around the world that you can prepare in your serviced apartment this Pancake Day.
USA – Buttermilk pancakes
The secret to keeping your American style pancakes light and fluffy? Lumpy batter apparently!
France – Crêpes
The American pancake's more refined, distant relative; the French crêpe is delicate and delicious.
Netherlands – Pannenkoeken
A classic European pancake is a little thicker than a crêpe, but definitely thinner and larger than the American. Slightly differently, it's finished off in the oven. Fill with bacon or apple and raisins for the true Dutch pannenkoeken experience.
Russia – Blinis
Russian blinis should be topped with caviar and accompanied with a glass of Champagne – or a shot of vodka.
Australia – Pikelets
There seems to be a lot of controversy surrounding this little Aussie pancake – or is it a crumpet?
UK – Pancakes with sugar and lemon
We Brits like to keep things simple – basic pancake batter with sugar and lemon on top. Perfect!


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Event Reviews
The Oxford Bunker Course | The Oxford Bunker Course (Advanced) | The Oxford Bunker Course (Advanced Commercial) | An Introduction to LNG Bunkering | Oil & Shipping Africa | Middle East Bunkering Convention | Maritime Week Americas | ARACON | The Bunkering Symposium | An Introduction to Shipping | Bunker Financial Risk Management | Petrospot Bunker Seminars | Commercial Practice in Bunkering | The IBIA Annual Convention | Bunker Arbitration Experience | Petrospot Lunch Forums
'A fantastic experience and highly beneficial to anyone who wishes to expand their knowledge on the subject of bunkering.'
Stanley Services Ltd (Falkland Islands)
'Really intensive and productive bunkering week. Highly recommended for all levels of experience and all professionals within the bunker industry.'
Glander International Bunkering DMCC (Dubai)
'The Oxford Bunker Course was a fantastic opportunity to learn many aspects of the bunker industry and meet industry contacts that will be professional friends moving forwards. Fantastic course, well organised and thoroughly thought out. Nigel's knowledge and enthusiasm is so contagious I looked forward to each presentation. The guest lectures are also a fantastic insight into certain areas of the industry.'
S&P Global Platts (UK)
'This course was really interesting and complete. It covers all the aspects of bunkering.'
Addax Energy S. A. (Switzerland)
'Thank you for an intense, detailed and very helpful course.'
Mercuria (UK)
'Excellent course! Great Organising!'
Ghana Oil Company (Ghana)
'It was more than my expectations. I've learned a lot and it was very productive.'
Omega Energy (Congo)
'Excellent introduction to Bunker topics. Nigel is a great lecturer. Topics and classmates create a great formula for learning and enjoying.'
Euro-marine Logistics (Belgium)
'Very well made and informative / interesting. At some point you have a feeling that Michael Caine is presenting - Well done Nigel!'
Euro-marine Logistics (Belgium)
'Essentially my thoughts are the same as they were on Friday – Nigel and the guys managed to turn what could have been fairly dull into a week that was enjoyable, interesting and fun.'
Nautical Supply International (UK)
'The course has helped me to gain fundamental knowledge on many aspect of bunkering and the oil industry. As I am new in the business this knowledge will make the start much easier.'
Hapag-Lloyd AG (Germany)
'Very informative. A comprehensive course & well presented.'
Sullivan Shipping Agencies Ltd (Malta)
'It was very well planned, in depth knowledge within the different areas covering bunkering.'
Northern Energy & Supply AB (Sweden)
'Personally, think that you have a good team. All lessons were entertaining and productive.'
Minerva Bunkers (Spain)
'The course was very informative. The course implanted not only the basic knowledge about the bunkering but also provided deep insight into the technical, legal, engineering & financial issues related with bunkering.'
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (India)
'Very comprehensive course, with top notch speakers!'
CFB Halifax (Canada)
'I came on this course after being in the industry for 9 months and feel that not only has my knowledge expanded, but also my network. Met a really diverse and interesting group of people, all whie learning the intricacies surrounding the bunker industry.'
Hanwa Co Ltd. (UK)
'Very good course with very skilled teachers. Thank you for a very interesting course which gave a good understanding of the business. The way the course is organised is very good.'
Bergen Bunkers AS (Norway)
'For five days of your time, you get expert lecturers, excellent industry knowledge and info and network with international peers.'
DCC (Ireland)
'It has been a great week with loads of new insights.'
Bomin Deutschland (Germany)
'Thoroughly enjoyed. Very useful course.'
SeaTec UK Ltd. (UK)
'Excellent course, excellent teachers, a unique experience which enabled me to experience the industry from different perspectives allowing me to reflect on my own role. I would recommend this to everyone.'
KPI Bridge Oil (UK)
'I thought the course was brilliant, it was a packed five days but well worth it. The lecturers were top class, and made everything easily understandable – the course slides were also very straight forward and to the point. The group we had was really good as well, and the activities organised were great. All in all I would definitely recommend it to those who would join Seychelles Petroleum in this field of bunkering.'
Seychelles Petroleum Co (Seychelles)
'The case studies were one of the most interesting parts of the week. Thank you.'
World Fuel Services (UK)
'Great experience and opportunity to meet people from bunker industry around the world'
YPF S.A. (Argentina)
'Both training programme and location found ideal. Many thanks for this fruitful 3 days that will help in my future appointment.'
CMA-CGM (France)
'Excellent course, perfect level for me. Exercises were particularly good.'
World Fuel Services (UK)
'Excellent course in excellent hotel surroundings. All speakers showed great knowledge and experience.'
CMA-CGM (France)
'I found the course comprehensive and was especially impressed with the level of detail covered on the technical aspect'
Peninsula Petroleum (Singapore)
'A very good course, good mix of commercial and bunker learning.'
Trillion Energy Pte Ltd (Singapore)
'Appreciate the course director Nigel Draffin. He is a professional. I will try to join more courses in the future because I have learnt a lot. Great opportunity for me to improve myself in the Bunker Industry.'
International Bunkering Services (China)
'Well planned and structured. Exercises and test were fruitful and fun'
Vale (Singapore)
'I found this course enjoyable. The resource persons give us a lot of useful and current information.'
AI Energy Group (Ghana)
'Would recommend experienced bunker personnel to attend this course as I've picked up / learnt a few new technical facts and info. Also you are updated with latest info re specs / credit / clauses etc in shipping and bunkering.'
OceanConnect Marine (UK)
'Good place to keep up with the industry's most recent developments & practice.'
Fuel Supplies Maldives (Maldives)
'Very positive course, able to go deeper in most of the bunker chain.'
CEPSA (United Arab Emirates)
'It was a very good experience for me. Nigel is a great lecturer. I am sure that this course will help me in the future. Everybody was very good - thank you for this.'
Cye Petrol Tic. Ltd. Sti. (Turkey)
'Wide range of topics regarding the bunkering banner that allow us to do a better job at work.'
UNO Honduras (Honduras)
'The course was what I expected. I'm very pleased with what I've learned.'
Atlantic Marine Fuels (Colombia)
'I enjoyed and learned alot from this course. The speaker's anility and knowledge is very high.'
UNO Honduras (Honduras)
'As someone new to the industry, this course has been extremely informative, fun and very current.'
Integrity Fuels Logistics Corp. (USA)
'This course is essential to all bunkering professionals.'
'The course helped me in a huge way. I now have a full understanding about bunkering.'
(BP Southern Africa)
'It was an enjoyable course, interactive and productive throughout all sessions.'
'Great eye contact by the presenter Nigel. The speed of delivery was fantastic.'
(ZEN Petroleum)
'A very good course which provides a very good overview of LNG Bunkering.'
Ministry of Transport (Singapore)
'A great introduction and comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of LNG.'
Rolls Royce (Singapore)
'Nigel Draffin is always a font of knowledge which he expertly delivers to his pupils.'
Nautical Supply International Ltd (UK)
'This course provided an excellent and easy to digest introduction to LNG Bunkering in particular and LNG principles in general. Very well done, thank you.'
Gibraltar Port Authority (Gibraltar)
'Very informative presentations about the future of bunkering in Africa. For security reasons bunkering should be encouraged at anchorages than offshore.'
Ghana Oil Company Ltd (GOIL) (Ghana)
'This provides participants with the opportunity to learn best practices within the industry and anticipate future developments.'
National Petroleum Authority (Ghana)
'Overall, well organised, informative, pleasant supporting staff, nice venue.'
Regional Maritime University of Ghana
'The conference was a great opportunity to learn and connect. Thank you. Looking forward to the next one. The speakers and staff were well appreciated, well versed and professional.'
Oyleium Ghana Ltd (Ghana)
'Very educational and good exposure on the future of bunkering business in Africa.'
Ghana Oil Company Ltd (GOIL) (Ghana)
'Brilliant networking in shipping/agency companies. Very educational.'
Forte-Atlantic Maritime Services Nigeria Limited (Nigeria)
'Each time I attend the Petrrospot events I always leave refreshed and reinvigorated, like having a drink of fresh water from a spring well.'
Ayoknox Ventures (Nigeria)
'Conference was excellent. Content very educational.'
Ghana Oil Company Ltd (GOIL) (Ghana)
'On the whole the event was enjoyable and educative. I hope it will continue to be organised in other African countries.'
Corlay Cameroun S.A. (Cameroon)
'Petrospot has given the stakeholders in the Bunkering and Shipping industry a platform to network and learn from their collective challenges and successes.'
AI Energy Group (Ghana)
'A very interesting and enlightening event. Good networking opportunities.'
Finnexx Energy Ghana Ltd (Ghana)
'Simply splendid good material and good networking.'
Baron Rivers Nigeria Limited (Nigeria)
'It was surely an exceptional event for us. The networking aspect was very good indeed. We will definitely keep in touch.'
Port Agency Services (PAS) (Mauritius)
'The event, as usual, is the best in the bunker business anywhere in the world and I found it very enjoyable.'
Springwes Nigeria Ltd (Nigeria)
'The event was very informative and the presentations supplied a great insight into the maritime industry and bunkers.'
Intertek South Africa (South Africa)
'The conference was very interesting and I made good business contacts.'
Stena Oil (Sweden)
'Good venue, well organised, industry expert presentations with ample networking opportunities.'
'Extremely informative and excellent networking opportunity.'
G.O.R.E Consultants DMCC (United Arab Emirates)
'Overall topics have covered a vast field of economic, political and shipping knowledge. Very happy with all information provided.'
OMTI (United Arab Emirates)
'Quality of the speakers and the detail in planning speaker topics are carefully arranged so overlap is minimised. Full 360 coverage with regards to content is insured.'
Cockett Marine Oil Group (Singapore)
'Petrospot organise and deliver the best conferences in the industry.'
'Relevant topics superbly delivered.'
'Ideal Bunkering convention to enhance one's knowledge and utilise this platform to make new acquaintances and even friends, given the common interests of the participants.'
Central Shipmanagement (United Arab Emirates)
'Well balanced conference with a good mix of technical and commercial topics.'
Lanka Maritime Services (Sri Lanka)
'A very informative and interesting convention. The PPTs and session delivery by industry experts were very relevant as well as some good insight into the future.'
Cockett Marine Oil DMCC (United Arab Emirates)
'The speakers and audience are strong and gives you an all maritime picture in very simple words.'
Suez Canal Economic Zone (Egypt)
'I enjoyed the bunkering surgery session and the lively debates and discussions.'
Cockett Marine Oil DMCC (United Arab Emirates)
'I liked the speeches from this conference: very informative and supportive, with strong issues'
Big Port Service DMCC (United Arab Emirates)
'Fantastic presentations from best professionals in the industry! Thank you very much.'
OMTI (United Arab Emirates)
'First MWA and it really exceeded expectations. Very friendly informal atmosphere.'
'Found it very good with plenty of opportunities to network at the already planned sections, but also to step outside and have quick meetings.'
'There was enough time to network and still attend the majority of the sessions. Excellent.'
'Fantastic. The best organisation I've ever seen for a bunker conference.'
Caribbean Fuels (Guadeloupe)
'MWA is outstanding value. I have made fantastic contacts in the industry and gained a deeper and up to date standing of the article issues facing the industry'
Platts (UK)
'Outstanding content with highly qualified panellists'
Emerson Process Management (USA)
'Another fantastic Petrospot event with high-quality discussions on a number of progressive topics'
Maersk Oil Trading (Denmark)
'As usual, an informative and interesting conference. A great opportunity to see some familiar face as well as some unfamiliar ones.'
Hanwa Co Ltd (UK)
'A very comprehensive approach of important vast number of topics, which raise questions for and seeing answers from, all professionals of the bunker industry.'
Island Oil Hellas (Greece)
'If there is any word better than 'excellent' I would have used it. Excellent, excellent, excellent.'
Southampton Solent University (UK)
'My first time attendance and it exceeded my expectations. Well organised and friendly and helpful staff at Petrospot. All going the extra mile to ensure a success. A huge thank you. A job well done.'
Tanido B.V Sworn Marine Surveyors (Netherlands)
'Wow! We've notices two important changes! 1) More women are involved so there is still hope for the bunker industry! 2) More bunker buyers, ship owners & charterers!'
Tanido B.V Sworn Marine Surveyors (Netherlands)
'I gained & better understand of the new Sulphur concept, scrubbers and alternative fuels. Excellent and brave presentation about ethics! Our industry will need more and in depth ethics debates / conversations.'
Island Oil Hellas (Greece)
'A very comprehensive and well detailed conference, with market professionals as speakers covering subjects that reflect the future of the bunker industry.'
Island Oil Hellas (Greece)
'Great conference. More people compared to previous years. Good to see so many shipowners.'
Methanol Institute (Belgium)
'Excellent info especially on up coming challenges.'
Anglo Eastern Antwerp NV
'Congratulations, one of the best conferences of the past 30 years with good transparency and know how topics.'
Inspectorate BV (Netherlands)
'Very interesting event where you meet with all stakeholders in the industry and get a good overview of the state of the business.'
Deloitte (Belgium)
'As a surveyor it is very important to get acquainted with the position of all parties that are involved in the bunker business, and this Symposium provides the proper platform for this to happen.'
Tanido B.V. (Netherlands)
'Interesting, informative and well organised. Qualified and high profile speakers.'
BIMCO (Netherlands)
'Excellent and cohesive. The past, present and future were all treated with complimentary presentations in logical sequence.'
Razaghi Meyer International (UK)
'Great job and congratulations to the Petrospot team.'
BP Marine (Netherlands)
'An excellent event to discuss the important matters at hand through the eyes of different positions in the shipping market. Good excuse for networking!'
Global Vision Bunkers BV (Netherlands)
'The event was very well organised. All discussions were very relevant to the current shipping/bunkering climate.'
Guardian Marine Testing (UK)
'Very knowledgeable course, a lot crammed into one long day. Nigel is extremely experienced in maritime world.'
'Extremely informative session which is excellent for those new to the topic.'
'Nigel was a very knowledgeable and personable insturctor. Fascinating course.'
'Very useful to have an expert explain shipping clearly in layment terms. Debusted some jargant (and introduced some new ideas!)'
'Really useful introduction to shipping, explaining the basics clearly and coherently.'
'Fascinating and engaging.'
'It was enjoyable and interesting as well as covering the fundamental basics.'
'Found this an informative introduction to the shipping industry.'
Inhouse training - Department for Transport (UK)
'Indepth introduction to shipping. Nigel's delivery was fantastic. He has a true passion and a great amount of experience.'
Steam Marine Training (UK)
'I found the trainer extremely knowledgeable and engaging with all delegates. A great course for those with no basic or general knowledge within the shipping industry.'
Inchcape Shipping Services (UK)
'This is a very good course for a comprehensive overview of the shipping industry'
Horizon Marike (UK)
'Very comprehensive and useful'
Department for Transport (UK)
'The course covered the subjects I required and was attended by a good mix across the industry'
Fred Olsen Lines (UK)
'Well presented, covered a lot of subjects, overall very good. Thanks a lot.'
Maxcom (Germany)
'A very good and helpful course for all of us - thank you!'
Elboil (Germany)
'Practical course to get to know and understand the basics.'
Euro Marine Logistics (Belgium)
'The course gave me more knowledge about derivatives and seller's position in a satisfactory way. Lots of example were used to explain the theory. Well done! Location was great and dinner organised was very pleasant and relaxing! Nice group of fellow participants.'
ACE Quantum (Netherlands)
'The course was enjoyable and productive and have me an idea of the big complexity of the theme.'
Petrogal SA / Galp Energia SGPS, SA (Portugal)
'Excellent course, for all who intend to contact the subject risk without knowledge on this matter.'
Petrogal SA / Galp Energia SGPS, SA (Portugal)
'I think Nigel is a good speaker, simple and easy way to talk about difficult issues!'
Petrogal SA / Galp Energia SGPS, SA (Portugal)
'Very well organised and perfect examples to better understand the past, the present and the futur.e'
Fratelli Cosulich (Portugal)
'Thanks very much for the course. It's been very interesting and definitely beneficial.'
Peninsula Petroleum (Gibraltar)
'Very good and to the point material.'
Curoil (Curaçao)
'Very informative, thank you.'
Vital Energy Bunkering S.A. (Panama)
'Wonderfully detailed and explanatory presentations for both newcomers and old hands alike'
Jardine Shipping Services (Singapore)
'The event was very well planned. The topics covered provided a very good insight into the challenges faced in the oil and gas industry'
BW Offshore (Singapore) Pte Ltd (Singapore)
'This is an eye-opener to me I am more enlightened in managing credit risk'
Jessco Maritime Resources Ltd (Nigeria)
'Credit risk management is absolutely necessary for the sales and commercial team. Very useful seminar.'
Organización Terpel S.A. (Colombia)
'My first attendance at an IBIA Event. Excellent organisation and presentation and a great opportunity to meet people at the heart of the industry.'
Environmental Fuels (UK)
'It was an amazing course. Nigel is a great speaker. I have learned so much and improved my knowledge a lot'
Fratelli Cosulich Consultadora e Paticipações Lda (Madeira, Portugal)
'My first attendance at an IBIA Event. Excellent organisation and presentation and a great opportunity to meet people at the heart of the industry.'
Environmental Fuels (UK)
'Another well-organised event in excellent surroundings and world-class speakers — topical, insightful and educational.'
Razaghi Meyer International (UK)
'I found it enjoyable and productive – well done and well conducted'
B.V. Campbell Lda (Portugal)
'I found the course very interesting and illuminating. I have to highlight how well the time was used to cover all the subject areas. I found it perfectly organised.'
Peninsula Petroleum (Canary Islands, Spain)
'Great programme contents, well organised timetable and subject matter.'
Repsol Portuguesa S.A. (Portugal)
'This course covers everything in bunkering and clarifies my questions about this subject.'
Vilma Oil S.L. (Spain)
'The Bunker Arbitration Experience was unique and fantastic.'
Aegean Marine Petroleum (Greece)
'I want to thank all the participants in the mock arbitration — which I found very exciting and didactic — for their commitment and professionalism.'
M.S.B.Marine Surveyors Bureau S.A. (Panama)
'Very well organised, perfect venue and presentations.'
Hapag-Lloyd (Germany)
'It should be compulsory for everyone who is involved in shipping and the bunker industry.'
Mamidoil-Jetoil SA (Greece)
'It was a very productive and engaging meeting about very relevant subject matter in today's maritime industry. The representatives from the industry were diverse and prompted at times heated discussion about important issues.'
Transport Research Laboratory (UK)
'A well-balanced event allowing industry, government and specialist consultants to share ideas and perspectives in an information environment.'
'Piracy is very real, rampant and becoming ever more brutal and sophisticated, and, there is nothing romantic about it! This Forum has given many the opportunity to come together to discuss a reality that others seem to ignore. It is an excellent platform in the battle against something that is proving to be a growing threat to commerce and an even bigger threat to many lives.'
EPSa Ltd (Germany)
'It was a great experience to meet private and public organisations and decision makers that where all stakeholders in the logistic supply chain security. The quality of the people involved made is possible to challenge ritual topics and prepare targets to achieve solutions.'
ZOCA Container Security BV (Netherlands)


text:
The essence of Digital Open Badges can be boiled down to a simple premise: institutionalized education ain't got no choke hold on learning.
Certainly, the accreditation techniques that schools and universities use to measure performance are useful and time-tested (stringent admission guidelines, term papers, final exams), but the advent of the Internet has made high quality educational content widely available to just about everyone. And considering the economic and social hurdles that prevent many students from attending good high schools and universities, there's a huge need for ways to organize that online content and then recognize students who develop marketable skills through self directed learning.
And this is why the MentorMob team is so excited to be a part of the DML Competition that Mozilla, HASTAC, and MacArthur Foundation initiated—digital open badges have the potential to revolutionize how skills are developed and accredited, and eventually even provide a trustworthy college alternative.
And this potential is recognized by some very savvy people in the worlds of technology and education. Karen Cator, the Director of Educational Technology for the US Department of Education, Mark Surman, the Executive Director of Mozilla (which, of course, brought the world Firefox), and Gabe Newell, President and Owner of Valve (one of the most beloved and customer-focused video game developers ever), are just three big names who see the the importance of developing a robust badge ecosystem online.
Hear them talk about Open Badges in their own words in the video below.
Badges With Competition from Mobile Digital Arts on Vimeo.
In the ever-shifting landscape of education and technology, MentorMob is proud to be a part of the movement that's making a quality education accessible to everyone.


text:
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|Insured Value
Contact us for stock availability , price quotes , expedited shipping quotes or to arrange a return of your (for the full purchase price of ). You may return most new, unopened items within 30 days of delivery for a full refund. AudioDubai are very proud to carry a large selection of gear. You demand quality, reliability, and innovative design from your gear, and we're here to help you find exactly what you need. We're glad to answer any questions you have and you can always depend on AudioDubai to give you the best possible value on musical instruments and accessories with responsive customer service.