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|Hindu philosophy
Teachers (Acharyas)
Kundalini (Sanskrit kuṇḍalinī, कुण्डलिनी, About this sound pronunciation (help·info), "coiled one"), in the concept of Dharma, refers to a form of primal energy (or shakti) said to be located at the base of the spine. Different spiritual traditions teach methods of "awakening" kundalini for the purpose of reaching spiritual enlightenment and a range of supernormal powers.[1] Writer Joseph Campbell describes the concept of Kundalini as "the figure of a coiled female serpent—a serpent goddess not of "gross" but of "subtle" substance - which is to be thought of as residing in a torpid, slumbering state in a subtle center, the first of the seven, near the base of the spine: the aim of the yoga then being to rouse this serpent, lift her head, and bring her up a subtle nerve or channel of the spine to the so-called "thousand-petaled lotus" (Sahasrara) at the crown of the head...She, rising from the lowest to the highest lotus center, will pass through and wake the five between, and with each waking the psychology and personality of the practitioner will be altogether and fundamentally transformed."[2]
Kundalini awakening is said to result from deep meditation, and consequently enlightenment and bliss.[3] However, as each individual is unique, Kundalini awakenings can happen through a variety of methods not limited to deep meditation. This awakening involves the Kundalini physically moving up the central channel to reach within the Sahasrara Chakra at the top of the head. Many systems of yoga focus on awakening Kundalini through meditation, pranayama breathing, the practice of asana and chanting of mantras.[3] In physical terms, the Kundalini experience is frequently reported to be a feeling of electric current running along the spine.[4][5][6]
- 1 Etymology
- 2 Descriptions
- 3 Kundalini experiences
- 4 Religious interpretations
- 5 Western significance
- 6 Medical explanations
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 Further reading
- 10 External links
The concept of Kundalini is mentioned in the Upanishads (9th century BCE - 3rd century BCE).[7][verification needed] The Sanskrit adjective kuṇḍalin means "circular, annular". It is mentioned as a noun for "snake" (in the sense "coiled", as in "forming ringlets") in the 12th-century Rajatarangini chronicle (I.2). Kuṇḍa (a noun meaning "bowl, water-pot" is found as the name of a Naga in Mahabharata 1.4828). The 8th-century Tantrasadbhava Tantra uses the term kundalī ("ring, bracelet; coil (of a rope)").[8]:230[clarification needed]
The use of kuṇḍalī as a name for Goddess Durga (a form of Shakti) appears often in Tantrism and Shaktism from as early as the 11th century in the Śaradatilaka.[9] It is adopted as a technical term kuṇḍalniī in Hatha yoga during the 15th century, and becomes widely used in the Yoga Upanishads by the 16th century. Eknath Easwaran has paraphrased the term as "the coiled power," a force which ordinarily rests at the base of the spine, described as being "coiled there like a serpent".[10][ISBN missing] The phrase serpent power was coined by Sir John Woodroffe, who published his translation of two 16th-century treatises on laya yoga (Kundalini yoga) in 1919 under this title.[citation needed]
Numerous accounts describe the experience of Kundalini awakening. When awakened, Kundalini is said to rise up from the muladhara chakra through the central nadi (called sushumna) inside or alongside the spine and reaching the top of the head. The progress of Kundalini through the different chakras leads to different levels of awakening and mystical experience, until Kundalini finally reaches the top of the head, Sahasrara or crown chakra, producing an extremely profound transformation of consciousness.[4]:5–6 Energy is said to accumulate in the muladhara and the yogi seeks to send it up to the brain, transforming it into 'Ojas', the highest form of energy.
Physical effects are believed to be a sign of Kundalini awakening by some,[11] but described as unwanted side effects pointing to a problem rather than progress by others.[12] The following are either common signs of an awakened Kundalini or symptoms of a problem associated with an awakening Kundalini (commonly referred to as Kundalini syndrome):
- Involuntary jerks, tremors, shaking, itching, tingling, and crawling sensations, especially in the arms and legs
- Energy rushes or feelings of electricity circulating the body
- Intense heat (sweating) or cold, especially as energy is experienced passing through the chakras
- Spontaneous pranayama, asanas, mudras and bandhas
- Visions or sounds at times associated with a particular chakra
- Diminished or conversely extreme sexual desire sometimes leading to a state of constant or whole-body orgasm
- Emotional upheavals or surfacing of unwanted and repressed feelings or thoughts with certain repressed emotions becoming dominant in the conscious mind for short or long periods of time.[13]
- Headache, migraine, or pressure inside the skull
- Increased blood pressure and irregular heartbeat
- Emotional numbness
- Antisocial tendencies
- Mood swings with periods of depression or mania
- Pains in different areas of the body, especially back and neck
- Sensitivity to light, sound, and touch
- Trance-like and altered states of consciousness
- Disrupted sleep pattern (periods of insomnia or oversleeping)
- Loss of appetite or overeating
- Bliss, feelings of infinite love and universal connectivity, transcendent awareness
Reports about the Sahaja Yoga technique of Kundalini awakening state that the practice can result in a cool breeze felt on the fingertips as well as on the fontanel bone area.[14][15] One study has measured a drop in temperature on the palms of the hands resulting from this technique.[11]
In his article on Kundalini in the Yoga Journal, David Eastman narrates two personal experiences. One man said he felt an activity at the base of his spine starting to flow so he relaxed and allowed it to happen. A feeling of surging energy began traveling up his back, at each chakra he felt an orgasmic electric feeling like every nerve trunk on his spine beginning to fire. A second man describes a similar experience but accompanied by a wave of euphoria and happiness softly permeating his being. He described the surging energy as being like electricity but hot, traveling from the base of his spine to the top of his head. He said the more he analyzed the experience, the less it occurred.[13]
In his book, Building a Noble World, Shiv R. Jhawar describes his Kundalini awakening experience at Muktananda's public program at Lake Point Tower in Chicago on September 16, 1974 as follows:
"Baba [Swami Muktananda] had just begun delivering his discourse with his opening statement: 'Today's subject is meditation. The crux of the question is: What do we meditate upon?' Continuing his talk, Baba said: 'Kundalini starts dancing when one repeats Om Namah Shivaya.' Hearing this, I mentally repeated the mantra, I noticed that my breathing was getting heavier. Suddenly, I felt a great impact of a rising force within me. The intensity of this rising kundalini force was so tremendous that my body lifted up a little and fell flat into the aisle; my eyeglasses flew off. As I lay there with my eyes closed, I could see a continuous fountain of dazzling white lights erupting within me. In brilliance, these lights were brighter than the sun but possessed no heat at all. I was experiencing the thought-free state of "I am," realizing that "I" have always been, and will continue to be, eternal. I was fully conscious and completely aware while I was experiencing the pure "I am," a state of supreme bliss. Outwardly, at that precise moment, Baba delightfully shouted from his platform…'mene kuch nahi kiya; kisiko shakti ne pakda (I didn't do anything. The Energy has caught someone.)' Baba noticed that the dramatic awakening of kundalini in me frightened some people in the audience. Therefore, he said, 'Do not be frightened. Sometimes kundalini gets awakened in this way, depending upon a person's type.'[16][page needed]
Kundalini experiences[edit]
Invoking Kundalini experiences[edit]
It is considered by yogis that Kundalini can be awakened by shaktipat (spiritual transmission by a Guru or teacher), or by spiritual practices such as yoga or meditation.
There are two broad approaches to Kundalini awakening: active and passive. The active approach involves systematic physical exercises and techniques of concentration, visualization, pranayama (breath practice) and meditation under the guidance of a competent teacher. These techniques come from any of the four main branches of yoga, and some forms of yoga, such as Kriya yoga, Kundalini yoga and Sahaja yoga emphasize Kundalini techniques.
The passive approach is instead a path of surrender where one lets go of all the impediments to the awakening rather than trying to actively awaken Kundalini. A chief part of the passive approach is shaktipat where one individual's Kundalini is awakened by another who already has the experience. Shaktipat only raises Kundalini temporarily but gives the student an experience to use as a basis.[13]
Hatha yoga[edit]
According to the hatha yoga text, the Goraksasataka, or "Hundred Verses of Goraksa", certain hatha yoga practices including mula bandha, uddiyana bandha, jalandhara bandha and kumbhaka can awaken Kundalini.[17] Another hathayoga text, the Khecarīvidyā, states that kechari mudra enables one to raise Kundalini and access various stores of amrita in the head, which subsequently flood the body.[18]
The spiritual teacher Meher Baba emphasized the need for a master when actively trying to awaken Kundalini:
Kundalini is a latent power in the higher body. When awakened it pierces through six chakras or functional centres and activates them. Without a master, awakening of the kundalini cannot take any one very far on the Path; and such indiscriminate or premature awakening is fraught with dangers of self-deception as well as misuse of powers. The kundalini enables man consciously to cross the lower planes and it ultimately merges into the universal cosmic power of which it is a part, and which also is at times described as kundalini ... The important point is that the awakened kundalini is helpful only up to a certain degree, after which it cannot ensure further progress. It cannot dispense with the need for the grace of a Perfect Master.[19]
Kundalini awakening while prepared or unprepared[edit]
The experience of Kundalini awakening can happen when one is either prepared or unprepared.[13]
According to Hindu tradition, in order to be able to integrate this spiritual energy, a period of careful purification and strengthening of the body and nervous system is usually required beforehand.[12] Yoga and Tantra propose that Kundalini can be awakened by a guru (teacher), but body and spirit must be prepared by yogic austerities such as pranayama, or breath control, physical exercises, visualization, and chanting. Patañjali emphasised a firm ethical and moral foundation to ensure the aspirant is comfortable with a reasonable degree of discipline and has a serious intention to awaken their full potential. The student is advised to follow the path in an openhearted manner.[13]
Traditionally people would visit ashrams in India to awaken their dormant kundalini energy. Typical activities would include regular meditation, mantra chanting, spiritual studies as well as a physical asana practice such as kundalini yoga. However, kundalini is now widely known outside of the Hindu religion and many cultures globally have created their own ways to awaken the kundalini energy within people. Without explanation, an increasingly large percentage of people are experiencing kundalini energy awakenings spontaneously which means, it is not vital to follow a distinct set of instructions or rules in order to awaken the energy.[20]
Kundalini can also awaken spontaneously, for no obvious reason or triggered by intense personal experiences such as accidents, near death experiences, childbirth, emotional trauma, extreme mental stress, and so on. Some sources attribute spontaneous awakenings to the "grace of God", or possibly to spiritual practice in past lives.[13]
A spontaneous awakening in one who is unprepared or without the assistance of a good teacher can result in an experience which has been termed as "Kundalini crisis", "spiritual emergency" or "Kundalini syndrome". The symptoms are said to resemble those of Kundalini awakening but are experienced as unpleasant, overwhelming or out of control. Unpleasant side effects are also said to occur when the practitioner has not approached Kundalini with due respect and in a narrow egotistical manner. Kundalini has been described as a highly creative intelligence which dwarfs our own. Kundalini awakening therefore requires surrender; it is not an energy which can be manipulated by the ego.[13]
Some writers use the term "Kundalini syndrome" to refer to physical or psychological problems arising from experiences traditionally associated with Kundalini awakening.[21]
Religious interpretations[edit]
Indian interpretations[edit]
Kundalini is considered to occur in the chakra and nadis of the subtle body. Each chakra is said to contain special characteristics[22][full citation needed] and with proper training, moving Kundalini through these chakras can help express or open these characteristics.
Kundalini is described as a sleeping, dormant potential force in the human organism.[23] It is one of the components of an esoteric description of the "subtle body", which consists of nadis (energy channels), chakras (psychic centres), prana (subtle energy), and bindu (drops of essence).
Kundalini is described as being coiled up at the base of the spine. The description of the location can vary slightly, from the rectum to the navel.[8]:229–231 Kundalini is said to reside in the triangular shaped sacrum bone in three and a half coils.[14]
Kundalini has been described as "a residual power of pure desire" by Nirmala Srivastava[14] and "a huge volume of energy" that is latent within a person by Jaggi Vasudev.[24]
Ramana Maharshi mentioned that Kundalini is nothing but the natural energy of the Self, where Self is the universal consciousness (Paramatma) present in every being, and that the individual mind of thoughts cloaks this natural energy from unadulterated expression. Advaita teaches self-realization, enlightenment, God-consciousness, and nirvana. But, initial Kundalini awakening is just the beginning of actual spiritual experience. Self-inquiry meditation is considered a very natural and simple means of reaching this goal.[25]
Swami Vivekananda describes Kundalini briefly in his book Raja Yoga as follows:[26]
According to the Yogis, there are two nerve currents in the spinal column, called Pingalâ and Idâ, and a hollow canal called Sushumnâ running through the spinal cord. At the lower end of the hollow canal is what the Yogis call the "Lotus of the Kundalini". They describe it as triangular in form in which, in the symbolical language of the Yogis, there is a power called the Kundalini, coiled up. When that Kundalini awakes, it tries to force a passage through this hollow canal, and as it rises step by step, as it were, layer after layer of the mind becomes open and all the different visions and wonderful powers come to the Yogi. When it reaches the brain, the Yogi is perfectly detached from the body and mind; the soul finds itself free. We know that the spinal cord is composed in a peculiar manner. If we take the figure eight horizontally (∞) there are two parts which are connected in the middle. Suppose you add eight after eight, piled one on top of the other, that will represent the spinal cord. The left is the Ida, the right Pingala, and that hollow canal which runs through the centre of the spinal cord is the Sushumna. Where the spinal cord ends in some of the lumbar vertebrae, a fine fibre issues downwards, and the canal runs up even within that fibre, only much finer. The canal is closed at the lower end, which is situated near what is called the sacral plexus, which, according to modern physiology, is triangular in form. The different plexuses that have their centres in the spinal canal can very well stand for the different "lotuses" of the Yogi.
When Kundalini Shakti is conceived as a goddess, then, when it rises to the head, it unites itself with the Supreme Being (Lord Shiva). Then the aspirant becomes engrossed in deep meditation and infinite bliss. Paramahansa Yogananda in his book God Talks With Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita states:[27][page needed]
At the command of the yogi in deep meditation, this creative force turns inward and flows back to its source in the thousand-petaled lotus, revealing the resplendent inner world of the divine forces and consciousness of the soul and Spirit. Yoga refers to this power flowing from the coccyx to Spirit as the awakened kundalini.
Paramahansa Yogananda also states:
The yogi reverses the searchlights of intelligence, mind and life force inward through a secret astral passage, the coiled way of the kundalini in the coccygeal plexus, and upward through the sacral, the lumbar, and the higher dorsal, cervical, and medullary plexuses, and the spiritual eye at the point between the eyebrows, to reveal finally the soul's presence in the highest center (sahasrara) in the brain.[27]:18, 1093
Western significance[edit]
Sir John Woodroffe 1865-1936) also known by his pseudonym Arthur Avalon, was a British Orientalist whose published works stimulated a far-reaching interest in Hindu philosophy and Yogic practices. While serving as a High Court Judge in Calcutta, he studied Sanskrit and Hindu Philosophy, particularly as it related to Hindu Tantra. He translated numerous original Sanskrit texts and lectured on Indian Philosophy, Yoga and Tantra. His book, The Serpent Power: The Secrets of Tantric and Shaktic Yoga became a major source for many modern Western adaptations of Kundalini yoga practice. It presents an academically and philosophically sophisticated translation of, and commentary on, two key Eastern texts: Shatchakranirūpana (Description and Investigation into the Six Bodily Centers) written by Tantrik Pūrnānanda Svāmī (1526) and the Paduka-Pancakā from the Sanskrit of a commentary by Kālīcharana (Five-fold Footstool of the Guru) ). The Sanskrit term "Kundali Shakti" translates as "Serpent Power". Kundalini is thought to be an energy released within an individual using specific meditation techniques. It is represented symbolically as a serpent coiled at the base of the spine.[28] Heinrich Zimmer recalled: "The values of the Hindu tradition were disclosed to me through the enormous life-work of Sir John Woodroffe, alias Arthur Avalon, a pioneer and a classic author in Indie studies, second to none, who, for the first time, by many publications and books made available the extensive and complex treasure of late Hindu tradition: the Tantras, a period as grand and rich as the Vedas, the Epic, Puranas, etc.; the latest crystallization of Indian wisdom, the indispensable closing link of a chain, affording keys to countless problems in the history of Buddhism and Hinduism, in mythology and symbolism."[29]
Commenting upon the reception of his work, Woodroffe stated: "All the world (I speak of course of those interested in such subjects) is beginning to speak of Kundalinî Shakti." He described his intention as follows: "We, who are foreigners, must place ourselves in the skin of the Hindu, and must look at their doctrine and ritual through their eyes and not our own."[30]:xvi
Western awareness of kundalini was strengthened by the interest of Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Dr. Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961). Jung's seminar on Kundalini yoga, presented to the Psychological Club in Zurich in 1932, was widely regarded as a milestone in the psychological understanding of Eastern thought and of the symbolic transformations of inner experience. Kundalini yoga presented Jung with a model for the developmental phases of higher consciousness, and he interpreted its symbols in terms of the process of individuation. With sensitivity toward a new generation's interest in alternative religions and psychological exploration.[31]
In the introduction to Jung's book The Psychology of Kundalini Yoga Sonu Shamdasani puts forth "The emergence of depth psychology was historically paralleled by the translation and widespread dissemination of the texts of yoga. . . for the depth psychologies sought to liberate themselves from the stultifying limitations of Western thought to develop maps of inner experience grounded in the transformative potential of therapeutic practices. A similar alignment of "theory" and "practice" seemed to be embodied in the yogic texts that moreover had developed independently of the bindings of Western thought. Further, the initiatory structure adopted by institutions of psychotherapy brought its social organization into proximity with that of yoga. Hence an opportunity for a new form of comparative psychology opened up."[30]:xviii-xix
The founder of the Aetherius Society George King describes the concept of Kundalini throughout his works and claimed to have experienced this energy many times throughout his life while in a "positive samadhic yogic trance state".[32]
According to King,
It should always be remembered that despite appearances to the contrary, the complete control of Kundalini through the spinal column is man's only reason for being on Earth, for when this is accomplished, the lessons in this classroom and the mystical examination is passed.[33]
In his lecture entitled The Psychic Centers – Their Significance and Development he describes the theory behind the raising of Kundalini and how this might be done safely in the context of a balanced life devoted to selfless service.[34]
Sri Aurobindo was the other great authority scholar on Kundalini parallel to Woodroffe, with a somewhat different viewpoint, according to Mary Scott (who is herself a latter-day scholar on Kundalini and its physical basis) and was a member of the Theosophical Society.[35]
Another populariser of the concept of Kundalini among Western readers was Gopi Krishna.[36] According to one writer his writings influenced Western interest in Kundalini yoga.[37][full citation needed]
In the early 1930s two Italian scholars, Tommaso Palamidessi and Julius Evola, published several books with the intent of re-interpreting alchemy with reference to yoga.[38] Those works influenced modern interpretations of Alchemy as a mystical science. In those works, Kundalini is called an "Igneous Power" or "Serpentine Fire".[citation needed]
Other well-known spiritual teachers who have made use of the idea of Kundalini include Aleister Crowley (whose Gnostic Mass symbolically incorporates the concept via various means including the entrance procession ('circumambulation') of the Priest and Priestess; Albert Rudolph (Rudi), Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh (Osho), George Gurdjieff, Paramahansa Yogananda, Sivananda Radha Saraswati who produced an English language guide of Kundalini yoga methods, Muktananda, Bhagawan Nityananda, Yogi Bhajan, Nirmala Srivastava, Samael Aun Weor.[citation needed]
New Age[edit]
Kundalini references may be found in a number of New Age presentations, and is a word that has been adopted by many new religious movements.[39]
Medical explanations[edit]
According to Carl Jung "... the concept of Kundalini has for us only one use, that is, to describe our own experiences with the unconscious ..."[40] Jung used the Kundalini system symbolically as one means of understanding the dynamic movement between conscious and unconscious processes. He cautioned that all forms of yoga, when used by Westerners, can be attempts at domination of the body and unconscious through the ideal of ascending into higher chakras.[41][page needed]
According to Shamdasani, Jung claimed that the symbolism of Kundalini yoga suggested that the bizarre symptomatology that patients at times presented actually resulted from the awakening of the Kundalini. He argued that knowledge of such symbolism enabled much that would otherwise be seen as the meaningless by-products of a disease process to be understood as meaningful symbolic processes, and explicated the often peculiar physical localizations of symptoms.[41]:xxvi
Recently, there has been a growing interest within the medical community to study the physiological effects of meditation, and some of these studies have applied the discipline of Kundalini yoga to their clinical settings.[42][full citation needed][43][full citation needed]
The popularization of eastern spiritual practices has been associated with psychological problems in the west. Psychiatric literature notes that "since the influx of eastern spiritual practices and the rising popularity of meditation starting in the 1960s, many people have experienced a variety of psychological difficulties, either while engaged in intensive spiritual practice or spontaneously".[44][full citation needed] Among the psychological difficulties associated with intensive spiritual practice we find "Kundalini awakening", "a complex physio-psychospiritual transformative process described in the yogic tradition".[44][full citation needed] Researchers in the fields of Transpersonal psychology,[45][full citation needed] and Near-death studies[46] have described a complex pattern of sensory, motor, mental and affective symptoms associated with the concept of Kundalini, sometimes called the Kundalini syndrome.[47]
The differentiation between spiritual emergency associated with Kundalini awakening may be viewed as an acute psychotic episode by psychiatrists who are not conversant with the culture. The biological changes of increased P300 amplitudes that occurs with certain yogic practices may lead to acute psychosis. Biological alterations by Yogic techniques may be used to warn people against such reactions.[48]
Epileptic patients have described epileptic seizures which parallel kundalini experiences:
Then one day i started feeling a bit unwell like a strange pain that started in my lower back and made its way across my body - i thought wind perhaps, ha,ha. Then it went to my heart area, it was more like a dull ache and a throbbing, i was thinking all sorts - aneurism or something but knowing i tend to have an over active imagination i put it down to indigestion. The feeling went to my throat like my throat was getting tighter and then to my temples. This was accompanied by a high pitch frequency noise like tinnitus i suppose - but would increase and decrease in intensity. The feeling left my temples and i was now feeling pressure forming on the top of my head. It felt like literally the very top of my head was on fire.[citation needed]
Some modern experimental research seeks to establish links between Kundalini practice and the ideas of Wilhelm Reich and his followers.[49][full citation needed]
See also[edit]
- ↑ Greer, John Michael (2003). The New Encyclopedia of the Occult (1st ed.). St. Paul, Minnesota: Llewellyn Publications. p. 262. ISBN 9781567183368.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Campbell, Joseph (2011). A Joseph Campbell Companion: Reflections on the Art of Living. San Anselmo, California: Joseph Campbell Foundation. p. 117. ISBN 9781611780062.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Spotlight on Kundalini Yoga". Yoga Journal. Retrieved 8 October 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Saraswati, Swami Satyananda (1984). Kundalini Tantra (2nd ed.). Munger, Bihar, India: Bihar School of Yoga. pp. 34–36. ISBN 8185787158.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Judith, Anodea (2004). Eastern Body, Western Mind: Psychology and the Chakra System as a Path to the Self (Revised ed.). Berkeley, California: Celestial Arts. pp. 451–454. ISBN 9781587612251.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Paulson, Genevieve Lewis (1998). Kundalini and the Chakras: A Practical Manual--evolution in this Lifetime (1st ed.). St. Paul, Minnesota: Llewellyn Publications. pp. 7–10, 194. ISBN 0875425925.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Dale, Cyndi. Kundalini. Llewellyn Worldwide. p. 188.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 White, David Gordon (2004). Kiss of the Yogini: "Tantric Sex" in its South Asian Contexts (Paperback ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226894835.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Saivism, Kashmir Saivism (1990). Vac: The Concept of the Word in Selected Hindu Tantras. Sri Satguru Publications. pp. 124–136. ISBN 9781438415321.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Easwaran, Eknath (1970). A Glossary of Sanskrit from the Spiritual Tradition of India. Berkley, California. p. 5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "sahaja yoga meditation". Researching Meditation. Retrieved 5 January 2017.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Maheshwarananda, Paramhans Swami (2004). The Hidden Power in Humans: Chakras and Kundalini. Ibera Verlag. pp. 47–48. ISBN 9783850521970.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Eastman, David T. (September 1985). "Kundalini Demystified". Yoga Journal. California Yoga Teachers Association: 37–43.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi Srivastava (1997). Meta Modern Era (3rd ed.). Vishwa Nirmala Dharma. pp. 233–248. ISBN 9788186650059.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Coney, Judith (1999). Sahaja Yoga: Socializing Processes in a South Asian New Religious Movement. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. pp. 55–56. ISBN 0700710612.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Jhawar, Shiv R. (2004). Building a Noble World. Noble World Foundation. ISBN 9780974919706.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ White, David Gordon (2012). Yoga in Practice. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pp. 2, 268–270. ISBN 9780691140858.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Mallinson, James (2007). The Khecarividya of Adinatha: A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation of an Early Text of Hathayoga. London: Routledge. p. 29. ISBN 0415391156.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Baba, Meher (1958). Beams from Meher Baba on the Spiritual Panorama (PDF). San Francisco: Sufism Reoriented. pp. 13–14. Retrieved 14 January 2017.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Kundalini energy interview with Jeanette Amlie". Thoughtbrick.com. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2017.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Kundalini Syndrome, Tara Springett". Taraspringett.com. Retrieved 5 January 2017.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Scotton (1996), p. 261–262.
- ↑ Swami Satyananda Saraswati. Kundalini Tantra.
- ↑ "What is Kundalini – Plugging into the Source of Creation". Blog.ishafoundation.org. 12 December 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2017.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Kundalini". Hinduism.co.za. Retrieved 5 January 2017.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Vivekananda, Swami (1995). Raja Yoga: Conquering the Internal Nature. Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama. pp. 48–49. ISBN 8185301166.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Yogananda, Paramahansa (1995). The Bhagavad Gita: God Talks with Arjuna: Royal Science of God Realization: the Immortal Dialogue Between Soul and Spirit: a New Translation and Commentary (1st ed.). Los Angeles: Self Realization Fellowship. ISBN 0876120303.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Woodroffe, Sir John (1950). The Serpent Power (Fourth ed.). Adyar, Madras: Ganesh & Co. (MADRAS) LTD. The Theosophical Society. pp. Preface.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Zimmer, Heinrich (1984). Artistic Form and Yoga in the Sacred Images of India. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 254. ISBN 0691020604.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Jung, Carl Gustav (1996). The Psychology of Kundalini Yoga: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1932 by C.G. Jung. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691021279.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Nichol, David (1999). "Psychoanalytic Books:". A Quarterly Journal of Reviews.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Dr. George King". Aetherius Society. aetherius.org. Retrieved 24 June 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ King, George (1998). The Nine Freedoms: An authoritative Metaphysical treatise on the progress through Ascension to Cosmic Existence (3rd ed.). Aetherius Society. p. 79. ISBN 0937249041.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ King, George. "The Psychic Centers – Their Significance and Development". audio lecture. aetherius.org. Retrieved 24 June 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Scott, Mary (1983). Kundalini in the Physical World. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 259–263. ISBN 0710094175.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Krishna, Gopi; Hillman, James (1997). Kundalini: The Evolutionary Energy in Man (Revised ed.). Boston: Shambhala. ISBN 1570622809.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ For quotation "Western interest at the popular level in kundalini yoga was probably most influenced by the writings of Gopi Krishna, in which kundalini was redefined as a chaotic and spontaneous religious experience." see: McDaniel, p. 280.
- ↑ Palamidessi, Tomasso (1948). Alchimia come via allo Spirito. Turin.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Yoga Journal" (63). Active Interest Media, Inc. July–August 1985: 42. ISSN 0191-0965. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
I just wanted to talk to someone who would understand about kundalini and wouldn't think I was crazy ...Cite journal requires
|journal=(help)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Hayman, Ronald (2001). A Life of Jung. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 304. ISBN 9780393323221. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
... the concept of Kundalini has for us only one use ...<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Shamdasani, Sonu (2012). The Psychology of Kundalini Yoga: Notes of the Seminar Given in 1932 by C.G. Jung (New ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 1400821916.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lazar et al. (2000).
- ↑ Cromie (2002)
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 Turner et al.,pg. 440
- ↑ Scotton (1996)
- ↑ Kason, Yvonne (2008). Farther Shores: Exploring How Near-Death, Kundalini and Mystical Experiences Can Transform Ordinary Lives (Revised ed.). Bloomington, New York: Author's Choice Press. ISBN 0595533965.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Greyson, B (December 1993). "Near-death experiences and the physio-kundalini syndrome". Journal of religion and health. 32 (4): 277–90. PMID 24271550.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bharadwaj, Balaji (2012). "Proof-of-concept studies in Yoga and mental health". International Journal of Yoga. 5 (1): 74. doi:10.4103/0973-6131.91719. ISSN 0973-6131. Retrieved 5 January 2017.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Rudra, Kundalini (1993 in German)
Further reading[edit]
- Aun Weor, Samael (2009). Kundalini Yoga. EDISAW. ISBN 978-85-62455-03-2.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Aun Weor, Samael (2009). O Matrimônio Perfeito. EDISAW. ISBN 978-85-62455-00-1.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Avalon, A. (1974). The Serpent Power: The Secrets of Tantric and Shaktic Yoga. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-23058-9.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Karmokar, G. (2006). Kundalini – From Hell to Heaven. Zen Way Center. ISBN 0-9777456-0-0.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Kripananda, S. (1995). The Sacred Power: A Seeker's Guide to Kundalini. Siddha Yoga Publications. ISBN 0-911307-39-7.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Krishna, G. (1989). The Awakening of Kundalini. Institute for Consciousness Research. ISBN 0-917776-06-2.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Krishna, G. (1993). Higher Consciousness and Kundalini. Institute for Consciousness Research. ISBN 0-917776-05-4.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Krishna, G. (1993). Living with Kundalini. Shambhala. ISBN 0-87773-947-1.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Krishna, G. (1997). Kundalini: The Evolutionary Energy in Man. Shambhala. ISBN 978-1-57062-280-9.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Mookerjee, A. (1981). Kundalini: The Arousal of the Inner Energy (2nd ed.). Destiny Books. ISBN 0-89281-020-3.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Muktananda, S. (1995). Kundalini: The Secret of Life (erd ed.). U B S Publishers' Distributors Ltd. ISBN 81-7476-038-5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Petty, A. (2007). Kundalini Rising: Exploring the Chakra/Asanas Connection. Kitsune Books. ISBN 0-9792700-0-6.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Scott, Mary (2006). The Kundalini Concept: Its Origin and Value. Jain Pub Co. ISBN 978-0-89581-857-7.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Sannella, L. (1987). The Kundalini Experience: Psychosis or Transcendence. Integral Publications. ISBN 0-941255-29-8.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Springett, Tara (2014). Enlightenment Through the Path of Kundalini: A Tibetan-Buddhist Guide to Safe Awakening and Overcoming Difficult Symptoms. Higher Consciousness Publishing. ISBN 978-1506067612.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- White, J. (1998). Kundalini, Evolution and Enlightenment. Paragon House. ISBN 1-55778-303-9.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Yogananda, Paramahansa (1995). God Talks With Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita. Self-Realization Fellowship. ISBN 0-87612-030-3.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
External links[edit]
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
What Is Brassica Carinata?
Brassica carinata, which is also known as Ethiopian mustard or Abyssinian mustard, is a plant that is cultivated for its edible leaves. It is native to northeastern Africa and thrives in climates and soil types similar to those found in its native region. Unlike many other plants in the mustard family, wild Brassica carinata contains eurcic acid, which makes the seeds and the oil extracted from them mildly toxic.
On average, the Brassica carinata grows to a height of about 3.3 feet (1 meter), though it can occasionally reach heights of up to 5.9 feet (1.8 meters). It is an annual and reaches maturity about 160 days after it is planted. Once it is mature, it produces light yellow flowers, each containing both male and female parts. Bees are the normal pollinator of the flowers, which produce fruits that are 2 inches (5 cm) long after 70 days. The plant dies a short while after it goes to fruit.
The leaves of the Brassica carinata are light green and have purple veins. The roots are strong which helps the plant stay upright when planted in sandy soil. It is relatively hardy and can thrive in many different types of soil, though young plants are not hardy with regard to temperature. Freezing temperatures can kill young plants and damage adult ones. The Brassica carinata requires moderate to heavy rainfall or watering and can thrive in partial or full sun.
The seeds of wild varieties of Brassica carinata contain eurcic acid, which is toxic if eaten. In domesticated varieties, the plants have been selectively bred so that they do not produce this acid. The seeds are used as a spice and produce a flavor similar to the flavor of other members of the mustard family. The leaves of the plant can be eaten raw when the plant is young or cooked when the plant ages. Brassica carinata sprouts may also be eaten whole and contain many nutrients.
In addition to being an edible crop, Brassica carinata has a number of other uses. Oil can be extracted from the seeds, which can be used in cooking, though it is more often used as a lubricant or water repellant. The pulp left over once the oil is extracted from the plant can be used as compost or fed to livestock.


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When used with care and attention, PowerPoint can be an effective tool that helps you engage with the audience and bring your delivery to life.
However, before you accept your next speaking engagement, consider these suggestions for PowerPoint success from Gale Dunlap, president and founder of Standout Strategies, a Boulder, Colorado-based small business consultancy:
1. Keep the number of slides to a minimum.
Use slides to emphasize a point or to elaborate on something in your talk, not to repeat the talk itself. Fewer than 25 slides is a good goal to shoot for.
2. Use only a few words on each slide.
Long blocks of text are overwhelming and hard to read by members of the audience. Instead, use a list of short bullet points to underscore your message. No more than two to three bullets per slide.
3. Don't read the slides.
Audience members came to hear you speak—not read—to them. Repeating what is on the screen makes you appear unprofessional and robs you of any rapport with the audience. The purpose of the slide is to "elaborate" on something in your oral presentation and to deepen the audience's understanding.
4. Make your slides easy to read.
It is tempting to design your slides with dazzling typefaces, but it is also distracting for the audience. Clarity and legibility should be your guidelines when putting your slides together. Choose a classic typeface, such as Times Roman, Helvetica, or Arial. Make sure that the print is large enough for the audience to read easily, such as a 30-point font size.
5. Use slides with appropriate graphics and colors.
Displaying information graphically can liven up a presentation, but err on the side of caution. Use simple images, such as pie or bar charts that contain a spare amount of data. Be sure to explain the chart so that the audience understands its importance. "Colors should be conservative—not hot pink and lime green," Dunlap says.
6. Be selective about inserting special effects.
It's usually wise to stay away from overly dramatic special effects, such as starbursts or shrinking fonts. But one effect to consider using is "appear" animation, that lets you highlight two important points on a slide one at a time. When used judiciously, they can heighten your audience's attention.
7. Prepare diligently for your presentation.
Conscientious speakers always rehearse their presentation until they have it down. This is especially true when you're using PowerPoint. Get comfortable coordinating the timing of the slides at key moments during your talk. To become proficient, print out six slides per page and make notes for yourself that can act as triggers when you address the audience. Asking the audience questions is also an excellent way to keep them involved and alert.
With a few thoughtful guidelines, you can turn PowerPoint into the effective tool it was meant to be, enhance your presentation, and serve the needs of your audience.
Bank of America, N.A. engages with Touchpoint Media Inc. to provide informational materials for your discussion or review purposes only. Touchpoint Media Inc. is a registered trademark, used pursuant to license. The third parties within articles are used under license from Touchpoint Media Inc. Consult your financial, legal and accounting advisors, as neither Bank of America, its affiliates, nor their employees provide legal, accounting and tax advice.
Bank of America, N.A. Member FDIC.
©2015 Bank of America Corporation


text:
|Reference : Stability domains, substrate-induced conformational changes, and hinge-bending motion...
|Scientific journals : Article
|Life sciences : Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology
|Stability domains, substrate-induced conformational changes, and hinge-bending motions in a psychrophilic phosphoglycerate kinase: A microcalorimetric study
|Zecchinon, Laurent [Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de morphologie et pathologie > Pathologie spéciale et autopsies >]
|Oriol, A. [> > > >]
|Netzel, U. [> > > >]
|Svennberg, J. [> > > >]
|Gerardin-Otthiers, N. [> > > >]
|Feller, Georges [Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la vie > Labo de biochimie >]
|Journal of Biological Chemistry
|Amer Soc Biochemistry Molecular Biology Inc
|Yes (verified by ORBi)
|[en] The cold-active phosphoglycerate kinase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. TACII18 exhibits two distinct stability domains in the free, open conformation. It is shown that these stability domains do not match the structural N- and C-domains as the heat-stable domain corresponds to about 80 residues of the C-domain, including the nucleotide binding site, whereas the remaining of the protein contributes to the main heat-labile domain. This was demonstrated by spectroscopic and microcalorimetric analyses of the native enzyme, of its mutants, and of the isolated recombinant structural domains. It is proposed that the heat-stable domain provides a compact structure improving the binding affinity of the nucleotide, therefore increasing the catalytic efficiency at low temperatures. Upon substrate binding, the enzyme adopts a uniformly more stable closed conformation. Substrate-induced stability changes suggest that the free energy of ligand binding is converted into an increased conformational stability used to drive the hinge-bending motions and domain closure.
|File(s) associated to this reference
Fulltext file(s):
All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.


text:
"Come on Dorn, get in front of the damn ball! Don't give me this 'olé' bullshit!"
1 9 4 0 — 2 0 1 0
- I found some very cheap LPs the other day, and all of them are of material that has never been released on CD. I nabbed Henry Mancini's score for Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe (great fun); Rózsa Conducts Rózsa, one of Miklós Rózsa's Polydor trilogy (arrangements and performances in a class with the Charles Gerhardt series, which is to say superb); Alan Silvestri's score for the 1983 re-issue of The Mack (funky!) and a few others. I had found a copy of one of Mancini's Blake Edwards collaborations Mr. Lucky (snazzy!) as well.
Yesterday I blissed out to the Geffen LP of Bruce Broughton's classic oater Silverado. The album runs about thirty minutes, and while it doesn't do the score true justice, it is a great suite representing the score, and it does sound quite explosive on vinyl. I listened to it yesterday as I was cooking myself dinner; today I checked out the Shake!, the Otis Redding performance in the Criterion Monterey Pop box set.
- Today was a a day that will be long remembered: my apartment was used for Scrabble for the first time.
I won.


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|The only place that you will see a young girl sucking cock with so much passion is at Tinseks. The hot Euro teens there are wilder than American college girls. It is no wonder that we are so eager for more exchange students! Even though Mancy and Vicon should be studying, the Euro teens are getting dirty in their host familys house. Mancy sucks on Vicons big cock and enjoys taking the meat deep into her throat. Then the horny young girl turns right over and begs for the hard rod deep into her pink pussy. That Tinseks pink snatch is so slippery that the boy slides right in and hammers quickly in and out. The girl talks so dirty in her sexy accent and then drinks up the Euro cum.
|18 USC 2257 Record-Keeping Requirements Compliance Statements


text:
0 items
Classic Fuel Injection
Throttle Position Sensor
Used on our CFI system and many other fuel injection systems
Also OE equipment on Rover MGF so good as a MGF replacement part
It uses a common 7mm diameter "D" shape drive and is mounted via the 4mm holes.
Sensor has a standard 3 pin junior timer socket.
Resistance = 4.5K ohm.
Wire functions:
Pin 1 = +ve supply (usually 5V from ECU)
Pin 2 = TPS Signal (to ECU )
Pin 3 = -ve (ground)
Mounting Details:
Distance between mounting holes (center to center) = 32mm
Holes and spindle shaft are inline
Spindle drive should be 7mm OD with flat side


text:
Bike VS. Scooter
- Posted On January 31, 2019
- No Comment
The basic difference goes as: • Scooters are a form of motorbikes with a frame that allows riders to plant feet comfortably on the frame as against keeping legs sideways in motorbikes. • Another difference between scooter and motorbike lies in the lack of clutch and gears in scooters which are there in motorbikes. Scooters...READ MORE


text:
The arrowhead vine (Syngonium podophyllum) makes a pretty trailing or climbing vine that tends to grow aggressively under the right conditions. It's also commonly known as Nephthytis triphylla, according to the Missouri Botanical Garden.
The arrowhead vine is a tropical climber in the Araceae (or aroid) family. Many varieties have variegated leaves to one degree or another, and like many aroids, the plant's leaf structure changes as it matures, going from a simple arrow shape to a deeply lobed or divided mature leaf. Syngonium podophyllum grows outdoors in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 10 through 12, so in most locations in the United States, it is grown as a houseplant.
The species is native to a wide region of Latin America from Mexico to Bolivia, and it has become naturalized in the West Indies, Florida, Texas, Hawaii, and other warmer locales.
Growing Conditions
Provide your arrowhead vine with the right growing conditions, and you will have a lush and healthy houseplant.
- Light: Give your plant bright light but no direct sun. Variegated types can handle more direct sun, while deeper green varieties can handle partial shade.
- Water: Spray frequently to maintain high humidity. Keep the soil continuously moist throughout spring and summer and reduce watering in the winter, but don't let it dry out.
- Temperature: Arrowhead vine prefers warm and humid conditions. Keep it in areas above 60 F if possible.
- Soil: Plant in a rich, well-drained potting mix.
- Fertilizer: Feed regularly with liquid fertilizer throughout the growing season.
Syngonium plants root readily from stem cuttings and can easily be propagated in the spring or summer months. If your plant has aerial roots along the stem, take a section of stem with attached roots to increase your odds of success.
These plants are aggressive, rapid-growing vines, so the frequency of repotting depends somewhat on how big you want the vine to get. Repot yearly for a larger vine. Otherwise, refresh potting media every spring and repot every other year.
There are more than 30 species of arrowhead vines. The one most commonly seen in cultivation is Syngonium podophyllum and its many varieties. Breeders have created plants with striking variegation along leaf veins. Juvenile leaves are simply arrows, while mature leaves can be up to a foot long and have five or more lobes. Variegated plants tend to lose their variegation as they age.
Grower's Tips
These plants will thrive under the same conditions as their relative, the philodendron. They are climbers in the wild and will eventually grow from shade into full sun in the canopy with leaves maturing and gaining size as the plants gain altitude. As houseplants, they are often used as trailing plants or can be trained up a pole or moss stick. Tropical in nature, arrowhead vines are perfect for a sunroom or greenhouse conservatory where ample heat, light, and humidity will encourage their growth.
Arrowhead vine is relatively resistant to pests, but it could be attacked by spider mites, mealybugs, aphids, and scale or suffer from soft rot or bacterial leaf spot.


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Along with the Nexus 7 and Android 4.1 Jelly Bean, Google also released a surprising new Nexus device, the Nexus Q. The Nexus Q is a "social streaming media player" that can stream music, videos (including the ones from YouTube) using Wi-Fi. The Nexus Q packs in a 25-watt amp speaker along with dual-band Wi-Fi b/g/n support, microUSB support to "encourage general hackability", Bluetooth, NFC and a drop-dead gorgeous design. There is a circle of LEDs running around the Q that lights up when a song or movie is played on the device.
The Q is powered by an OMAP 4460 chip – the same SoC that powers the Galaxy Nexus(!) – 1GB of RAM and 16GB on-board storage. Along with analog output, the Q also has micro-HDMI and digital output ports. The device is tightly integrated with Google Play and will stream content directly from Google Play, and not your Android device(s).
Below is a video that fully showcases what the Nexus Q is capable of -:
The Q can also act as an amplifier and will allow users to plug in additional speakers to it. The device also has a touch sensor that allows users to mute the currently playing audio/video by just touching the device. Apart from this, the device will run on Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. Yes, a speaker that runs on Android !
The Nexus Q is the first device from Google to come under the Google [email protected] brand that was showcased by the company last year. The bad news is that the Nexus Q costs an exorbitantly high $299 and will only be available in the United States for now. The Nexus Q can be pre-ordered from Google's Play Store for $299 and will ship sometime in July.


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The Ticketmaster App
At Ticketmaster, we care most that you get tickets to the events that matter to you. And so we designed our app to make it easy to browse and buy tickets to the events you love.
Countdown To Tickets
Seen a show you absolutely need tickets for? Use the 'Remind Me' feature to get notified when tickets are about to go on sale.
Whats Popular
Just want to browse and see what's happening? Done! Our curated 'What's Popular' tab lists all the hottest shows on sale to ensure you never miss out.
Your Phone Is Your Ticket
Say goodbye to PDFs, print-outs and paper tickets. Once the ticket is downloaded, its on your phone wherever you are. No data or WiFi needed, just enough battery on your phone.
Helpful Information and Additional FAQs
The Ticketmaster app is one of the easiest and quickest ways for you to find and buy tickets to events you love. Here are some answers to frequently asked questions.
How often is the app updated?
We're always looking to refresh and improve our app to make your experience buying tickets even better. The app will automatically update on a regular basis.
What happens if I have a new phone and I no longer have the app?
Download the Ticketmaster app and sign in. All your account information will automatically come up.
I've lost my phone and I can't sign in?
Contact customer service as soon as you can and they'll be able to help.


text:
During this time, we will not be maintaining our customer service telephone lines or emails. Any customer service emails will be responded to once we are able to reopen.
As well, we will not be able to receive any returns or exchanges during this time. If you have an item that needs to be returned/exchanged, please email our customer service team and you will be contacted with shipping instructions once we are able to re-open.
We intend on returning to full capacity and serving our clients as soon as responsibly possible. We ask for your understanding and patience during these challenging times and hope you and your loved ones are safe and healthy. Let's work together by working apart. Stay safe and stay home.
Welcome to Golden Rescue's online store. Golden Rescue has been rescuing and re-homing Goldens in Canada for over 25 years. We are a 100% not-for-profit organization and have become one of Canada's largest single breed rescue organizations. Browse our dazzling collection of apparel, lifestyle, and Golden accessories. We are very proud of what we do and we want you to know that ALL proceeds from the sale of these products goes to helping our Goldens get the second chance they so deserve. Happy shopping!
Stay warm with our Featured Products:
$ 10.00
GR-30th Cap
$ 19.00
NGR-Striped Scarf
$ 21.99
NGR-Reflective Toque
$ 19.20


text: VIDEO: After Arizona Killing Keith Olbermann Takes Aim at Palin, Politicians for Cross-Hair Promotion 11:50 AM PST 1/9/2011 by Annie Yuan FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME 'We need to put the guns down ... [and] the gun metaphors away," says the political commentator. Following the shooting of Arizona Rep. Gabrielle Giffords on Saturday, Keith Olbermann urged politicians to put an end to their use of "imminently murderous" rhetoric on a special edition of MSNBC's Countdown. "We need to put the guns down," he opined. "Just as importantly, we need to put the gun metaphors away, and permanently." In addition to calling out politicians guilty of using hostile rhetoric, he implicated a map on Sarah Palin's website featuring cross hair symbols over Giffords and 19 other Democrats who voted for health care reform, demanding that she "repudiate her own part … in amplifying violence and violent imagery in politics" or be dismissed from politics. Olbermann continued by apologizing for a previous remark he'd made that could have been misconstrued as a call to physical violence, and urged the audience to use his apology "as a means to recognize the insidiousness of violent imagery ... [and] how easily, how pervasively, how disastrously it can slip into the already violent or deranged mind." Watch the video of Saturday night's "Special Comment" below. FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Annie Yuan firstname.lastname@example.com @thr


text:
It's snowing in Toronto.
It's snowing in Toronto.
It was a painful feeling walking home in the snow today :( Far too early for this bitter cold (with the wind chill) if you ask me! Did you have to cycle home today?!
No, thankfully I didn't have to cycle. Tomorrow or Thursday though!
You had to walk all of 200 metres though! 12km for me! Not that it was all walking, mind you.
Hah! C'mon man, it's at least 250 metres! ;)
Commenting has ended for this post, but I'd still love to hear from you.
A Rain of Frogs is written, designed and built by Adrian Lebar, a twenty(!) year veteran of web design and development. He is currently managing web and mobile development teams at Canada's largest and most beloved classifieds site, Kijiji!
He is a father, sailor, snowboarder, skier, cyclist, writer, artist, graphic designer, classically trained musician and afraid of heights.
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"Don't go around saying the world owes you a living. The world owes you nothing. It was here first."
- Mark Twain


text:
There's a lot of nostalgia this time of year for the way things used to be. In some ways things were better and in some ways worse. When I look at the Halloween costumes kids have today, I am impressed; they light up, have parts that move or play recorded sound effects—really superior to what I had as a kid.
Growing up in the '60s we had two categories of costumes: homemade and store-bought. Store-bought costumes were all made of the cheapest, thinnest fabric in existence. If it were any thinner, it would be spray. They were all sewn just well enough to stay together in the box, but started to shred when you put them on. All the costumes were based on cartoon or movie characters. You could gauge the popularity of a show by how many Batmans showed up at the door. After one night of trick or treat, the costumes were reduced to panels of unraveling threads. All the costumes had a tie at the back of the neck. It never tied tight and one string would reliably break on the third try. Your mother would use a big diaper pin, one with a yellow duck head on it (if you remember those diaper pins, you are officially middle-aged), to secure the costume: it would tear the fabric but hold until the end of the night.
But the real hardship in those days of yore, were the masks. They were all firm plastic. Hard enough to break if stepped on, and thin enough to cut your face. Usually, your mother had to cut the eye holes out more so the edges of the eye holes didn't scratch. Visibility was limited to what was directly in front of you, no peripheral vision. If you were looking down to avoid stumbling over the lawn gnomes, you hit your head on the Welcome sign, and if you were looking up to steer yourself towards the porch, you tripped over the edge of the walkway. All the kids were staggering all over, looking like groups of very short drunks.
These masks usually had a small hole for the mouth, but no openings for your nostrils. It had the effect of holding in moisture from your breath so that the inside of the mask was like a sauna. You had to periodically lift the mask to get oxygen and the air would hit your hot wet face like a cold towel. Although you needed the fresh air, you couldn't wait to get the warm mask back on. It was a real catch-22 situation.
The masks were held on by a single elastic string with sharp metal tabs at each end that went through holes in the side of the mask. The strings popped out easily, and one of the rites of passage in childhood at that time was to be able to wiggle that metal tab through that tiny hole and repair your own mask without asking your mother for help. Often, as you were putting the mask on, the elastic string would slip loose and snap you in the face. Many an eye came close to being put out by metal tabs traveling at Mach One.
We all carried these big paper shopping bags with twine handles that, like the costumes they matched, were designed to last only a few short hours.
First, one side would break and you'd have to carry your bag with one intact loop and one loose string. Within an hour of the first loop's breaking, the second loop went and we all came home trying to carry a heavy bag with two short lengths of twine.
Ahh, the good old days. Well, maybe not that good…


text: Section: OMC News Dr. Oleksandr Halytskyy and Dr. Linda Wangui join OMC Medical Group Posted on Oct 27, 2017 Dr. Oleksandr Halytskyy and Dr. Linda Wangui join OMC Medical Group Dr. Oleksandr Halytskyy and Dr. Linda Wangui recently joined Ozarks Medical Center (OMC) hospitalist team. Other members of the team include Dr. Kendell Clarkston, Dr. Jeffrey Dryden, Dr. Priscilla Frase, Dr. Alex Makarian, and Dr. Samantha Wallace. A hospitalist is a physician who focuses solely on caring for patients while they are staying in the hospital. Hospitalists assess and treat the patient's acute medical condition, keep the patient's primary physician informed of their progress, and coordinate all aspects of the patient's hospital care. "We are pleased to welcome Dr. Halytskyy and Dr. Wangui to our hospitalist team," said Tom Keller, President and CEO of OMC. "Both of them come to OMC after rotations and residencies at some very well-respected hospitals. We are fortunate to have them choose OMC as the place to further their careers." Dr. Halytskyy earned his medical degree from Jagiellonian University Medical College in Poland with rotations at the University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; and Loma Linda Medical Center, Loma Linda, California. He completed his undergraduate degree at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Prior to coming to OMC, Dr. Halytskyy was Chief Medical Resident/Junior Faculty at the Internal Medicine program at Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Brown Alpert Medical School in Providence, Rhode Island. "I interviewed at other places, but liked West Plains the most," Dr. Halytskyy said. He was especially attracted to OMC's supportive hospitalist team and the area's outdoors. Dr. Halytskyy enjoys hiking, kayaking, and tinkering with cars. He is looking forward to exploring the Katy Trail. Dr. Linda Wangui is board certified in family medicine and earned her medical degree from Medical University of the Americas in Nevis, West Indies. She completed her undergraduate degree from the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Canada. Prior to coming to OMC, Dr. Wangui was a resident in family medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. "When I came to West Plains to interview, I loved the people," Dr. Wangui said. She applied for positions all over the country and found the people in West Plains very friendly. Dr. Wangui enjoys reading and traveling in her spare time. To learn more about the OMC Hospitalist Team, call 417-257-5800. Related Articles OMC Chaplains honored at annual banquet 30-Oct-2014 Ozarks Medical Center offers curbside labs 22-Apr-2020 By Melissa Smith OMC Reminds Everyone COVID-19 is not scared of Halloween 20-Oct-2020 By Brittany Simers OMC offers Living and Hospice Support Group 1-May-2017 First Christian Church Donates to OMC Cancer Patient Emergency Fund 11-Dec-2019 By Kim Wood


text: Clarke Electric Cooperative, Inc., is a not-for-profit, electric distribution cooperative that serves in portions of eight counties in South Central Iowa: Clarke, Decatur, Lucas, Madison, Ringgold, Union, Warren and Wayne. Read our Co-op Brochure. To learn more about the important role electric cooperatives play in rural America, watch this video.


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There's a Kama`aiana Golf Brunch at Kapalua Golf Resort's Pineapple Grill starting this Thursday, Feb. 9. Valid through April 1, kama`aina with a valid Hawaii Driver's License can enjoy a special menu and golf promotion on Sunday's. Kapalua Golf resort is famous for the Annual SBS Tournament of Champions and the Kapalua Golf Academy. The promotion excludes alcohol. $99. Kapalua Golf Club Course (200 Kapalua Dr.); Golfatkapalua.com; 1-877-Kapalua
Photo courtesy of Karin Sagar


text:
Upscale Brilliance
Big mansion for more than 8 sims
Feel free to download and change anything that you don't like about it
Thanks and have a great night/day!!
(might be a bit expensive for starter families)
Lot Size: 30x40
Lot Price (furnished): 382,131
Lot Price (unfurnished): 128,921
First Uploaded: 28 October, 2018
Last Updated: 25 October, 2020
Basic Download and Install Instructions:
1. Download: Click the File tab to see the download link. Click the link to save the .rar or .zip file(s) to your computer.
2. Extract: Use 7zip (recommended), WinRAR (Windows) or Stuffit (OS X) to extract the file(s) from the .rar or .zip file(s). OS X also has a built-in utility for that (just rightclick).
3. You MUST install Zerbu's mods in order, before installing this lot. It may not work otherwise, and I don't recommend deviating from these instructions.
- Install the Go to School mod to your mods folder. To do this, click on the mod link on Zerbu's page (as previously linked), open the .zip file. Select all the files and select "cut." Apparently, this is important! Go to your mods folder, and "paste" the cut files there.
- Install the Venue Changes mod to your mods folder, using the same download/cut/paste method.
Then, place the files from my lot .zip archive into your Documents/Electronic Arts/The Sims 4/Tray folder.
Start your game, and have lots of fun!
Need more information?
- Anyone can use both .rar and .zip files easily! On Windows, use WinRAR.
- If you don't have a Tray folder, just make one.


text:
Sinah Warren Hotel
Hayling Island
Tel: +44 02392 466421
AboutFrom mid February Sinah Warren fully converts to hotel accommodation, following major redevelopment. Our leisure club also re-opens in mid February, offering enhanced facilities including a new gym, dance studio, new changing facilities and 5 new beauty treatment rooms.
Extending down to the water's edge Sinah Warren is the perfect place to visit any time of the year.
While there is never a dull moment during the day, Sinah Warren really comes to live at night. Enjoy a relaxing drink, dinner in our carvery restaurant and make your way to our fabulous cabaret room, which offers the best in visiting cabaret and our own production shows.
3 night weekend breaks from £239.00
Sinah Warren is an ideal location for adults only short breaks on a half board basis.
Room upgrades to 4-poster rooms.
Wheelchair friendly and walk-in shower rooms.
Subject to availability.
Availability Search
Map & Directions
Click to Activate


text:
Some people love hardwood and other solid floor surfaces, but the first time your pup sets foot on that slick surface, he's probably going to slip and immediately back out onto the carpet. A little persuasion will go a long way in making him more confident.
Step 1
Trim your pup's nails regularly. Long, curling nails can make traversing slick floors a real challenge, even for a pup who has no fear of the hard surface. Plus, you're not doing your floor any favors by letting your little guy's nails become excessively long. If you're not confident in trimming his nails, don't hesitate to make an appointment with a groomer or your vet.
Step 2
Groom the fur between his pads. Short-haired dogs don't usually have a problem with fur sticking out between their little toes, but it's a fact of life for long-haired pups, like Gordon setters. Think of their hair as a sock. When you're walking on a hardwood floor, you have a far easier time sliding across the room with socks on than if you're in your bare feet. Drop your little guy off at the groomer's if you're not comfortable with a little fur trimming, especially if he's likely to throw a fit.
Step 3
Keep the floors dry. A little bit of water on a hard surface and your pup will be jet-skiing his way into a wall or lying flat on the floor. Wipe up any spills, especially oily ones, and keep your dog out of the area if you're cooking, washing dishes or cleaning the floor.
Step 4
Place your pup's food dish on the floor. If he isn't too sure about the whole slippery floor deal, encourage him to give it a shot by feeding him there. Remember that easy does it. Put his dish at the edge of the floor, where he can safely remain on the non-slick surface at first, and then keep moving it further and further in.
Step 5
Persuade your pup with treats. If his standard kibble isn't doing the trick, entice him a bit more with tasty snacks, like pieces of cheese. Sit at the edge of the floor and persuade him to come to you by showing him the treat, clapping your hands and urging him on positively. If that doesn't work, attach his leash, dangle a treat just in front of him and slowly start walking onto the floor.
Step 6
Lay down some rugs. If your pup isn't convinced your slippery floors are safe, consider throwing down a few rugs so he can safely walk into the room. This is especially helpful if your dog simply can't walk on slippery floors. Canines with medical problems, such as advanced hip dysplasia, may not have the strength or mobility to keep themselves from falling on hard, slick surfaces.
Never force your pup onto the floor. Let him decide the pace.
If you try to persuade your dog with treats, use something he really loves. It's not a bad idea to use a dog biscuit, but if he goes crazy over tiny pieces of chicken, opt for those instead.
Make sure any rugs you lay down have a rubber backing.
If your pup isn't motivated by food, try using a toy of his as a reward instead.
Items You Will Need
- Treats
- Leash
- Toy
Photo Credits
- David De Lossy/Photodisc/Getty Images


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Creek to Bay Cleanup
Join I Love A Clean San Diego for another successful year at our annual Creek to Bay! In 2017, we had over 6,500 volunteers at 112 locations beautify and remove over 170,000lbs of litter and debris! Instead of turning a blind eye to the abundance of litter found across San Diego County, our volunteers channeled their appreciation for San Diego's environment into action to protect it. Visit www.CreekToBay.org for more information!
Creek to Bay is one of hundreds of cleanups hosted by ILACSD. In 2017, ILACSD mobilized over 32,000 volunteers who removed half a million pounds of debris from San Diego County. For more information about how to get involved, please visit www.CleanSD.org.


text:
The Belt and Road Initiative, proposed by China in 2013, consists primarily of a series of infrastructure projects aimed at improving connectivity on a trans-continental scale. This column presents new evidence on the potential impact of the initiative on trade costs. It shows that through a reduction in shipment times, the initiative could substantially reduce trade costs for participating countries, with positive spillover effects on the rest of the world.
Francois de Soyres, Alen Mulabdic, Siobhan Murray, Nadia Rocha, Michele Ruta, 27 November 2018
Coen Teulings, Ioulia Ossokina, 23 April 2018
Concerns are often raised about increasing spatial segregation by education level in societies. This column uses a study in the Netherlands to show that as preferences for locally provided public goods with a high fixed cost, such as train stations, differ widely between educational groups, spatial sorting by education and an increase in local density can actually raise the social benefits from investments in such infrastructure. However, since the highly educated benefit disproportionally, this leads to serious political economy problems.
Riccardo Crescenzi, Marco Di Cataldo, Andrés Rodríguez-Pose, 11 April 2017
Transport infrastructure investment is a cornerstone of growth-promoting strategies around the world. However, investment in new infrastructure is not always conducive to stronger economic performance. This column argues that the lack of positive economic returns may be due to institutional failures mitigating the growth effects of public capital expenditures. In contexts marked by weak and inefficient governments and widespread corruption, different types of road investments yield low or no economic returns.


text:
Here are some of the things we have in store for you this summer:
- A growing collection of research databases. Access articles from thousands of journals and magazines, such as Gale's 17th to 18th Century Burney Collection Newspapers and Environment Complete, to Studies on Women and Gender Abstracts and Web of Science.
- Extensive interactive subject guides in Public Administration, Economics, Materials Science & Engineering, and many more via the library's LibGuides system.
- Have a smart phone? Check out our mobile library site.
- A Starbucks coffee shop on the first floor.
- Computer commons equipped with Microsoft Office 2007.
- Extensive book and article search via our catalog interface.
- Want a Mac or Dell laptop? Check them out from the library's Circulation desk and use them in the library.
Let us know if there are other ways we can help you succeed here at Boise State University and beyond.


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Is Cosmic Ordering Really SO Incredible?
It wasn't so long ago that even the mention of Cosmic Ordering or Manifesting would cause people to look at you strangely but more recently, in the wake of movies like "The Secret" and "What the Beep", the public have become more aware of the discoveries and paradox's of quantum physics. Now its a hot topic!
Throughout the history of the world, there have ben seismic shifts in our understanding of the world. But these shifts are not quick to take root, they can take many years before people are able to let go of the old truths and start to see new realities. It took many decades before it became generally accepted that the world was round instead of flat - even in the face of compelling proof. And so it is today - quantum physics is forcing the world to come to terms with another major shift in understanding about the very nature of the world we live in. And even though this research is well established, it faces the same resitance and dogma as the "round worlders" experienced. People find it difficult and are unwilling to let go of established dogmas and it is often left to the next younger generation to embrace the new truths.
The discoveries are well established and researched and turn science as we know it upside-down. The basic principle behind Cosmic Ordering - that our thoughts are creative, is strongly evidenced in the field of quantum mechanics. In particular the current understanding of how the "Quantum Field" works, is th


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Intrusion Prevention
This indicates an attack attempt to exploit a Use After Free vulnerability in Adobe Flash Player.
The vulnerability is due to an error when the vulnerable software handles a maliciously crafted SWF file. A remote attacker may be able to exploit this to execute arbitrary code within the context of the affected application, via a crafted SWF file.
Affected Products
Adobe Flash Player Desktop Runtime 188.8.131.52 and earlier on Windows and Macintosh
Adobe Flash Player for Google Chrome 126.96.36.199 and earlier on Windows, Macintosh and Linux
Adobe Flash Player for Microsoft Edge and Internet Explorer 11 220.127.116.11 and earlier
Adobe Flash Player for Linux 188.8.131.526 and earlier on Linux
AIR Desktop Runtime 22.214.171.124 and earlier on Windows and Macintosh
AIR SDK 184.108.40.206 and earlier on Windows, Macintosh, Android and iOS
AIR SDK & Compiler 184.108.40.206 and earlier on Windows, Macintosh, Android and iOS
System Compromise: Remote attackers can gain control of vulnerable systems.
Recommended Actions
Apply the most recent upgrade or patch from the vendor.


text:
As a woman, mother, aunt, carer – anyone with a young person in their lives – you know the extreme love you feel for your child, and the overwhelming desire to do anything to protect them.
As I'm writing this, I am appealing for your help to do just that.
You see, there is a fantastic youth mentoring charity called The Raise Foundation, which significantly improves the lives of vulnerable young people in crisis every day.
Their work is crucial to our young people and I am constantly astounded by all they achieve – but now Raise needs our help.
Founded by Sydney mum Vicki Condon in 2008, the organisation has matched 500 amazing volunteer mentors with young people who need help – from teenage mums with nowhere to turn, to young people battling depression, despair, facing school, learning or social issues. The mentors build their confidence, give them the strength and important life tools to seek support, grow and learn, reaching their potential because people believe in them.
Vicki and her wonderful mentors have organised a fundraising event to be held at Carriageworks in Sydney on Saturday, June 2 – the proceeds from the event fund Raise's programs for the whole year.
But despite glowing articles in most local newspapers, only 70 people have brought tickets to support the cause.
The not-for-profit organisation needs to sell 200 to break even and continue their important work for a community that needs them.
Raise provides school and community based mentoring programs and personal development workshops for young people who are facing profound challenges in their lives, including mental health, substance abuse, and sexual health issues. These are very real and worrying threats to the health of Australian youth, and the prevalence of these issues is on the rise. Our families and communities are breaking down, and so is the self-esteem of our young people.
Please help Raise teach young people to care about themselves.
Tickets are $150 for the June 2 gala and MCs for the evening are Ch 7's Mark Beretta and the wonderful Jean Kittson, both strong supporters of the cause.
You can buy tickets at www.raise.org.au
It takes a village to raise a child – let's help Raise rear ours.
Lisa Mayoh is a journalist with more than 12 year's experience, interviewing some of the country's biggest names during her role as social affairs writer for Australia's biggest selling newspaper.


text:
Russell Barnett, EA, CTC
Silicon Valley Tax Coach
San Jose, California 95126
I enjoy meeting with business owners to discover together how much I can reduce their business and personal tax bills by helping them create and implement a customized and ProActive tax plan.
If you are a business owner and feel like you are paying too much to the government, you are probably right! Please contact me to schedule a complimentary tax discovery session so we can start the process and find out how much you can save.


text:
jazzing up your lingerie in 1931
it's friday, time to kick back. i'm watching 'the smiling lieutenant' and didn't realize how deep and twisted it is till i googled the film just now. pre codes are so much fun. here's a review of the film by someone who went in for real analysis:
claudette colbert teaches her nemesis how to get her mojo back in a classic moment on the piano in the clip below:
as one woman realizes she's lost her love
she gives the other courage to see that she has what it takes to be his girl.
'it happened one night' is on next. so cute. have a great weekend!
2 Comments
Loved the title of your post….You are an excellent and engaging writer!


text:
RI850MP Real-time OS for V850E2M Dual Core (Discontinued product)
This product is a real-time operating system (RTOS) conforming to the µITRON 4.0-specification, the predominant RTOS for embedded systems in Japan. An independent kernel runs on each core of V850E2M dual core, and on each kernel functionally distributed and loaded applications are controlled, allowing realization of an embedded system equipment with a high quality real-time multi-tasking environment. In addition, its affinity for the IDE CS+ will help you greatly reduce development time and get to market faster.
- TRON Forum holds the copyright on the μITRON Specification.
- TRON, ITRON, and μITRON do not refer to any specific product or products.
Release Information
Latest Ver.: V1.00.01
Released: Jul 1, 2011
Details of upgrade (See Tool News)
CS+ interface plug-ins (RTOS Common plug-in)
Latest Ver.: V3.00.00
Released: Oct 1, 2014
CS+ interface plug-ins (Plug-in for RI850MP)
Latest Ver.: V3.00.00
Released: Oct 1, 2014
- Conforms to µITRON Ver. 4.0 Specification:
The design conforms to the µITRON Ver. 4.0 Specification, the representative OS architecture for embedded control, providing all functions aside from the Task exception handling functions specified as standard profile, and it provides extended synchronization and communications functions (mutexes) as extended functions.
- Excellent portability:
To support various execution environments, the RI850MP extracts hardware-dependent processing that is required to execute processing as user-own coding modules and target-dependent modules, and provides it as sample source files. This enhances portability for various execution environments and facilitates customization as well.
- ROM-based implementation:
Since the system is a real-time/multitask OS assumed to be used embedded in the execution environment, it was designed to be compact and ready for ROM-based implementations. Also, because the system can be configured linking only the service calls used in the application system by the user (rather than all the service calls provided by the RI850MP), a real-time/multitask OS can be configured which is compact and optimized for the user's needs.
- Interface with CS+, the Renesas Electronics Integrated Development Environment
The RI850MP OS interfaces with CS+ to support the following functions:
- Auto-settings for options required in OS build
- Displays state of OS control object for tasks, semaphore, etc. (Resource Information)
- Software Architecture
- Supporting PE (Processor Element) Number
The maximum number of PE that this product supports is two. It is also possible for it to be executed on only one PE. Also, hereafter the PEs will be note as PE1 and PE2.
- Operations between PEs
The OS operates independently with both PEs. The user should statically determine which PE will perform which OS functions.
- Supporting PE (Processor Element) Number
- Kernel object operations for another PE
It is possible to issue service calls to kernel objects on another PE. The following diagram is an example of a case where the act_tsk service call has been issued from PE2 to PE1. At this moment, the OS controls the object management block in PE1, and sends a scheduling request to PE1 as needed.
Device Function
The RI850MP kernel consists of the following modules. Each module is provided by functions (service calls) .
- Task management functions
Provided by the RI850MP include a function to reference task statuses such as priorities and detailed task information, in addition to a function to manipulate task statuses such as generation, activation and termination of tasks.
- Task dependent synchronization functions
Changes task status from other task, and synchronizes tasks.
- Synchronization and communication functions
The synchronization and communication functions of the RI850MP consist of Semaphores, Eventflags, Data Queues, and Mailboxes that are provided as means for realizing exclusive control, queuing, and communication among tasks.
- Semaphores: In the RI850MP, non-negative number counting semaphores are provided as a means (exclusive control function) for preventing contention for limited resources (hardware devices, library function, etc.) arising from the required conditions of simultaneously running tasks.
- Eventflags: Provides 32-bit eventflags as a queuing function for tasks.
- Data Queues: Provides the data queues that have the data queue area in which data read/write is enabled for transferring the prescribed size of data.
- Mailboxes: Provides a mailbox, as a communication function between tasks, that hands over the execution result of a given processing program to another processing program.
- Extended synchronization and Communication functions
Provides Mutexes as the extended synchronization and communication function for implementing exclusive control between tasks.
- Mutexes: Provides a mutex, as a function to prevent contentions on using the resources.
- ixed-Sized Memory Pools
When a dynamic memory manipulation request is issued from a processing program in the RI850MP, the fixed-sized memory pool is provided as a usable memory area.
- Time management functions
Provides methods to implement time-related processing (Timer Operations: Delayed task wakeup, Timeout, Cyclic handlers) by using base clock timer interrupts that occur at constant intervals, as well as a function to manipulate and reference the system time.
- System state management functions
Provides functions for referencing the system status such as the context type and CPU lock status, as well as functions for manipulating the system status sych as ready queue rotation, scheduler activation, or the like.
- Interrupt management functions
The RI850MP provides as interrupt management functions related to the interrupt handlers activated when an interrupt (maskable interrupt, software interrupt, reset interrupt) is occurred.
- SchedulerThe scheduling functions
provided by the RI850MP consist of functions manage/decide the order in which tasks are executed by monitoring the transition states of dynamically changing tasks, so that the CPU use right is given to the optimum task.
- Kernel object operations for another PE
It is possible to issue service calls to kernel objects on another PE.
- Domain
With RI850MP organized kernel object will be defined as "domains". Multiple domains can exist for one PE, and kernel object (Task, Semaphore, etc.) belong to any domain. In the future, this will be an important concept to implement access lights and access protect function to kernel object.
|Target device
|V850 Family V850E2M Dual Core
|Maximum number of tasks
|Number of priority levels
|Service call number
(Time takes for a target task
to be executed after the wup_tas is issued.)
|3.98 microseconds
(V850E2/MN4, 200MHz. embedded memory)
|Kernel RAM usage per task
|data : 64 bytes
stack : 140 bytes
|Provided items
|Kernel source program
|Kernel source program
|Provided only with mass- production licenses which include source code.
|Kernel library
|Kernel library for system building
|Standard header files
|ITRON specification common definition files
Kernel specification definition files
Other definition files
|Header files are provided both in C languages
|Command line configurator
|Outputs all types of definition files from the cfg file that describes the structure parameters in text.
|Sample program
|A simple program using ITRON.
|CS+ interface plug-ins
- RTOS Common plug-in
- Plug-in for RI850MP
|Function for easy kernel embedding
Function for referencing the OS state during debug
|User's manual
Processing Flow
Target Devices
|V850 Family
Information supporting development tools
|My Renesas
|Create a My Renesas account to use our tool download services,
receive e-newsletter/update notifications, and take advantage of our other services.
|Information for studying and learning about microcontrollers and microprocessors.
|Frequently asked questions and useful hints for development.
|A forum and community site to share technical information,
questions and opinions with others who use Renesas MCU's.
|Tool News
|Tool release information and other important information.
|Operating Environment
|Information on system requirements and operating environment for the latest
version of tools.
|Info on Discontinued Products
|A list of Renesas software and tools that have been discontinued and
are no longer being offered for new projects.


text:
Punk Rock Singer, Performance Artist GG Allin Dead At 36
After years of promising fans a violent onstage suicide, punk rock singer/songwriter Kevin "GG" Allin died June 28th of an apparent drug overdose.
Allin, 36, was famous for wild on- and off-stage behavior that led to repeated arrests for physical assault and disorderly conduct. Known for performing in the nude, Allin often defecated while on stage, throwing his feces into the usually unwilling crowds.
Allin – whose career spanned 15 years, eight LPs and countless singles – was found dead at a friend's apartment in New York City's East Village the morning after playing a show that had to be broken up by riot police.
In April, Allin was released from Jackson State Prison in Michigan, where he served a four-year term for "aggravated assault with intent to mutilate" and parole violations. Since his release, Allin finished recording his first full-length studio release since 1988's Freaks, Faggots, Drunks And Junkies. Titled Bloodshed And Brutality For All and recorded with the Murder Junkies, the album will be released in September and will include such chestnuts as the pro-AIDS cut "I Kill Everything I Fuck," "I'll Slice Your Fuckin' Throat," "Shoot, Knife, Strangle, Beat And Crucify" and "My Sadistic Killing Spree."
In addition to his upcoming album, a documentary based on two weeks in Allin's life has just been released to select theaters, and a biography is in progress.
Allin is survived by his brother – Murder Junkies bassist Merle Allin – and by his parents, Merle Sr. and Arletta Baird. He was buried in his hometown of Littleton, New Hampshire.
— Stephen Thompson


text:
I am an unabashed car enthusiast. I love cars. I read about them, dream about them, love getting behind the wheel of them and wish I could afford to race them. Car ownership is a huge expense, so I buy something that is great and keep it for a long time. The last two cars I owned I had for 17 and 13 years, respectively, eventually changing vehicles because I was ready for a new one.
We bought an all-wheel drive Toyota minivan for my wife to drive. She loved being up high for visibility, and I was duly impressed with my first all-wheel-drive experience. With the proper winter and ice tires, in Calgary's winter, the car was stable and safe.
So it was my turn to get myself a new car — only my third new car in more than 30 years. With my children now in their late and mid-teenage years, getting in and out of the back seat of my two-door, rear-wheel-drive coupe was a challenge, so I decided I wanted a four-door, all-wheel-drive sports sedan. I wanted it roomy, comfortable, safe and fast. There is a large array of vehicles in this category, and I decided to look broadly at offerings from Japan, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy.
Going through the test-driving experience was fun and instructive. Some dealers were indifferent toward me (Cadillac) as if they were not sure they wanted me to buy their car. There was no enthusiasm. Too bad, because my dad loved Caddys.
I had a bad experience at Porsche. I looked at its Panamera with googly eyes. I loved that car and the experience driving it. But it seems that you get a base car no one wants, and then every little thing, including the key fob, was an extra cost. I was confused by the options and said to the salesperson, "I am interested in this car; can you sit down with me and work out what it will cost to get the car that I want?" He said that all the information is listed on the website and I should go there to view it. Really? For a car that I later learned was going to cost CA$176,000? Needless to say, I did not buy that car and the experience with that salesman really left me feeling sad and disappointed. I still feel that way today, more than one year later.
Audi, Jaguar, Infiniti, Lexus, Maserati, BMW and Mercedes-Benz all had great salespeople who made me feel welcome and let me have lots of time with the cars in the dealership and on the road. They clearly wanted my business. But Lexus, Maserati and Mercedes rose to the top, based on a number of emotional factors and some real car experiences that got my blood pressure to rise in anticipation.
Maserati had incredible performance but was really loud, and the noise level was annoying after 30 minutes behind the wheel.
Lexus had customer service excellence down to a science. The car was exceptionally quiet, and that sound system in the car — it was great. But it did not have the performance to match the others. It was good, but it was not exceptional.
The Mercedes-Benz had the best of all of those worlds and was the surprising (to me) choice that I made. I have enjoyed this car since then, and I am happy with my choice. It is the total package: great dealer customer service experience, exceptional performance, quiet inside but an incredible sound system, four doors, all-wheel drive, luxury beyond my desires. It may be the last car I own, as I intend to keep it for the next 15 to 20 years.
It's not about the car. It's the moments, the experiences, one moment stacked on another that is what constitutes a great ride. I found that to be true in my personal situation.
What about our practices? What moments, what experiences, the moments stacked onto the next, constitute a great office? How are we greeting our patients, talking with them, building our relationships with them, in addition to providing them with exceptional dentistry that is creating long-term, loyal, happy patients who pay, stay and refer?
I think these questions are worth taking the time to ponder and discuss with our teams. I'll introduce that at our next team meeting.
Happy holidays, everyone.
Larry Stanleigh, BSc, MSc, DDS, FADI, FICD, FACD, FPFA