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Sloppy bookkeeping and violating spending limits on federal and accounts in the 2008 campaign has gotten the Florida Democratic Party into trouble with the Federal Elections Commission.
UPDATE: The election commission will decide at its June 7 meeting whether to approve or amend an audit report that accuses the party of five violations of failing to document expenditures and coordinated campaign activities in the 2007-08 election year. The commission will decide at a later date whether or not any fines should be paid.
The commission launched an audit of the Florida Democratic Party in 2009 after questions were raised about the party's federal spending reports.
The party has since amended all of its reports "to the complete satisfaction of the Commission,''' said Brannon Jordan, Democratic Party spokeswoman. Although the party disputed several of the findings of the commission, Jordan said it has "cooperated fully and believe we have successfully resolved all other remaining issues from the 2007-2008 cycle."
The audit, released publicly on April 25, 2012, found that the party's election committee: Download FEC60712
- Exceeded its authorized expenditures on behalf of Democratic congressional candidate Annette Taddeo of Miami in her unsuccessful bid to oust Illeana Ros-Lehtinen. "The party could not demonstrate, in writing, that it was granted additional spending authority beyond $60,000. As a result, DECF exceeded its coordinated party expenditure limitation by $22,400."
- Failed to itemize coordinated party expenditure of $194,957. The party objected, saying it used non-federal funds to pay for its legislative caucus expenses and did not violate the law.
- Spent $84,364 in non-federal money on translators at the polls when it should have used federal funds for that purpose.
- Misstated its financial activity for 2009 and 2010 in an account known as the "Levin Fund." (The fund, named after former Michigan Democratic Sen. Carl Levin allows state committees to receive up to $10,000 from individuals to pay for limited federal election activities such as voter registration and get-out-the-vote efforts."
- Did not properly disclose $9.5 million in disbursements. The audit offered no details.
Here's the response from the party's attorney to the FEC's draft audit: Download DOC797


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By Bebefuzz
Remember a while back when I announced that my little sister moved to California, and that I would be designing her place? Well, fast forward a couple of weeks, and the finished product is here!
To read about the beginning of the interior design story and to see the bare room, go here. But, basically, my sister moved to the San Francisco Bay area which is ridiculously expensive. Her apartment is a modest 400 square feet, and the 220 square foot main area needed to include dining, bedroom and living!
This room started from scratch: no art, no furniture, no decor pieces. All lighting, furniture, decor, bedding, flooring, etc was under $2,000.
Even though the main room is only 220 square feet, all living spaces fit perfectly into the space with plenty of flow, access, and clear separation to each area. Notice how the color schemes help to provide further delineation of the different spaces of the room.
The biggest compliment that was received for this space-- My sister's boyfriend came to visit and stated that while their place in North Carolina was much much larger, in many ways, he preferred her cozy studio apartment.
Not bad. Especially considering that this was my first foray into interior design. ***Pats on own back, feeling a bit haughty.***
All furniture except for the bedside table was purchased online. Check out some of the pieces here: gray loveseat, faux marble coffee table, dresser, bookcase, similar desk/table, ottoman seats
The rest of the pieces came from Homegoods, Amazon, Ross, and Orchard Supply.
This was a TON of fun. It's interesting familiarizing with someone else's aesthetics and bringing it into reality.
The 2 most important lessons from this experience? Interior design is a lot about planning. By this, I don't only mean the floorplan but also the height and size of furniture and how it relates to the other furniture pieces. Is the rug appropriately sized? Is the side table the correct height? Is the table lamp the right height for the user and for the table? etc, etc.
Second lesson is that interior design is a lot like art. The colors must play well together. Proportions, placement, textures, patterns, styles, etc should be balanced. And, it's so satisfying seeing all the pieces play together at the end.
Also, from this, I've noticed the 3 most common mistakes of interior decorating. First, most homes lack a color scheme in the room. Second, furniture sets are a big no-no. Everything should NOT be in the same wood/metal and the same style. Finally, texture and pattern provide needed depth to the space.
So, now I want to know. What do you think? With bated breath, do I get your approval? This was so much fun, that I'm already planning 2 more projects in entirely different styles!

subset: commoncrawl


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"Guns aren't power." said Amy.
"Yes they are. Might makes right." I answered.
"You're an idiot, you know. The smartest ten-year old idiot I've ever met." She seemed amused by this. "Watch."
She grabbed the broom and sat down on the pine planks behind me, one leg on each side of me. There was nothing sensual or unusual about the way she sat down, pressed up behind me, but a thrill ran down my spine when she placed her hand on my shoulder.
The broom slid into my hands. "Hold it like a gun. Look down the handle like you were aiming at something."
We were sitting at the edge of the silo, in the largest of the holes in the domed roof. Our legs dangled over the edge high above the trees below. It was dangerous, and I was deathly afraid of heights, but the silo was different. I felt no fear here. She snaked her arms beneath mine and maneuvered the broom up to my shoulder like a rifle. I sighted down its length. I could feel her breath in my ear.
"See the guy walking his dog down there? Point it at him. Like we're going to shoot him." she said in a whisper.
I pointed the broom handle at the man. He was quite far away, walking along the edge of the road while his black dog bounded and jumped ahead of him. His red plaid jacket made it easy to pick him out at this distance, a red man-shaped smudge among the green leaves of the trees behind. A target.
In my mind, the broom took on weight and gravity, took the shape of a gun like the one in my father's gun rack. It took on the tangy smell of gunpowder and blood, the metallic smell of cold hungry steel. I could imagine sighting down a barrel at the man, pointing death at him like an accusing finger.
"You are the power. He lives or dies and you choose." Her whisper was a breeze in my ear. "The weapon doesn't give you power, its just a tool, a thing to exercise your will. You kill with your mind."
I could feel her heart pounding against my back. Her hair blew against my cheek. I could smell her shampoo. The illusion of the gun took on more substance, felt more real. Felt alive. Was real. The universe swirled inward and pressed against us.
"Pull the trigger." she breathed, and time stopped.


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Selling a property "Rent To Buy" may be one of the best ways to make the most money as a real estate investor out there… and it will create long term wealth that will pay off in cold cash in a very short time.
Rent VS. Lease Option
Being able to lease option and rent your properties is going to prove to be a PRICELESS skill for you.
Since you are not putting any money down or getting a new loan for any of these deals, you will be able create a beautiful CASH COW with NO RISK.
By lease optioning your properties you are securing both a down payment and, usually, residual income.
There are advantages and disadvantages to renting the properties you own and doing lease options.
The typical person who buys a property with a Lease Option, does so because they can not figure out how to purchase any other way. This means that they probably have credit issues, time on the job issues, income issues or no down payment.
A typical renter, on the other hand, can be found with good credit and a stable job.
The quality of tenant that you get is the only real advantage that I see with renters. Lease Options have some other real benefits.
First of all, you can get a higher monthly lease payments with a lease option than you can with a standard renter. (typically 10% more than market).
Instead of getting a refundable deposit (like you would get from a renter), you get non-refundable option money. I suggest charging a minimum of what you would charge for the deposit… typically, 1 month's rent.
Check out what is customary in your area. Some areas are getting as much as 5% down on a lease option!
Since it is likely that the tenant will never exercise their option (only 50% on average will), being able to keep the option fee will more than cover most of the costs of getting the property re-rented or leased after the current tenant moves out.
You can also sell the home for more than market value… typically 5%-10% more. If the person who options it does buy, it will be a good deal for you. If they don't buy, you just go out and find another tenant.
Another nice thing about Lease Options is that you can usually get a longer lease. If the option has a 3 year term, you can get a lease for the same period. Renters, on the other hand, will usually only give you a one year lease.
The longer the lease the better. I suggest that you get at least 1% lease option fee for every year of the option. If they want to extend the option, just charge them additional option money (which they can apply to their down payment)
If a tenant wants to move out before their lease is up, they still owe you the balance of the lease. This protects you and puts you into a strong negotiating position. Any concession you make for them is your decision.
If someone wants to move out before their lease is up, here is what I suggest.
Make them continue to pay their rent until the new tenant moves in. They can either make it available to show before they move out or wait for you to rent it after they move out. Either way, you won't lose money, plus you get to keep the lease option money.
If you are in this situation with a tenant (not folks who are lease optioning), treat them the same way and give them their deposit back if they leave the home clean.
Treat people fairly… just like the golden rule says and it will benefit you in the long run.
One last benefit of Lease Options is that when a tenant believes they are buying a home (rather than renting) they will treat it better. A homeowner is more likely to fix up a property and tries to protect their investment.
Coming Up in my next article… "Get Top Dollar For Your Properties By Financing Them For New Buyers!"
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Free Audio Reveals:
"How I made $2,500 down and $200 a month positive cash flow using Joe's System!" – Chuck Morse
Chuck Morse is a seasoned investor.
He owns several properties and actually helps people buy and sell homes everyday, so he understands how traditional real estate deals are structured.
After learning my system, Chuck was IMMEDIATELY able to go out and close a deal that MORE THAN PAID for his training.
Most important about Chuck is the way he has stayed focused on this business and followed through and taken action.
In this audio Chuck will tell you EXACTLY how he structured his deals and how he was able to close his first deal with NO MONEY DOWN and with NO RISK.
This has opened a whole new world for Chuck and his real estate investing career.
So click below and listen to the audio.


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Difference between revisions of "Arwinss"
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== Potential Benefits ==
== Potential Benefits ==
These bugs would be fixed if Arwinss was ready (just a short list):
These bugs would be fixed if Arwinss was ready (just a short list):
As one can see from these bug titles it mainly boils down to drastically improved user32 and gdi32 support.
As one can see from these bug titles it mainly boils down to drastically improved user32 and gdi32 support.
Revision as of 17:56, 19 July 2011
Arwinss is an alternative implementation of the core Win32 subsystem components. Technical information about implementation details is available at this page: Arwinss technical.
Checkout the arwinss branch (svn://svn.reactos.org/reactos/branches/arwinss/reactos), and compile using following command:
makex comctl32 user32 gdi32 win32k winent win32csr freetype kernel32 explorer winlogon
This will build all needed modules of a new subsystem, which you need to copy over to the installed ReactOS version (see Transfer files from the host OS to the virtual drive).
If you want to build winex11 module, you need to firstly copy lib/3rdparty/libX11/libX11.a file from your working copy to the obj-i386/lib/3rdparty/libX11 directory (creating it if it does not exist). This will fix the winex11.drv linking issues, and you can just type
makex winex11
to build this optional module.
Arwinss uses parts of the Wine architecture and parts of Windows NT architecture in appropriate places and in a good way.The overall call flow / architecture of Arwinss looks like this:
It consists of the following modules, one of them being optional (winex11.drv):
- dll/3rdparty/freetype - implements usermode font rendering (FreeType library, with small ReactOS glue), used by GDI32.DLL
- dll/win32/user32 - implements USER API
- dll/win32/gdi32 - implements GDI API
- dll/win32/winent.drv - implements native graphics and user drivers
- dll/win32/winex11.drv - implements X11 X-windows graphics and user drivers
- subsystems/win32/win32k - implements kernel mode counter part of the native graphics driver, a Simple Window Manager (SWM) and a kernel mode USER server.
- subsystems/win32/csrss/win32csr - implements needed parts of the CSR subsystem along with handling user input
Most of the hacking happens in WINENT.DRV and WIN32K.SYS, with very rare fixes to the user32/gdi32 (mainly, because it's a tested Wine's code with only minor changes).
Convention for marking changes. C++ code comments (//) mean that the place has some special mark up for debugging. A typical use is for a
// FIXME: Something
Potential Benefits
These bugs would be fixed if Arwinss was ready (just a short list): {{#bugzilla:|id=933,1175,1239,1776,2428,3500,4443,4612,5069|columns=id,resolution,summary}}
As one can see from these bug titles it mainly boils down to drastically improved user32 and gdi32 support.
TODO list
Fix redrawing issues(bugs #5225 and #5218)
Fix crash that prevents booting in VirtualBox
3. Fix installer/uninstaller crash(see bug #5631)
4. Fix garbage on desktop after closing some apps(see bug #5496)
Fix zoom and tabs in Firefox(see bug #5637)
6. Fix "Window titles are shown as inactive (gray) while being active" (see bug #5206)
7. Fix arwinss related program crashes(see bug #5627)
Fix font mapping (see bug #5327)
9. Fix interaction of windows in apps with few windows(see bug #5232)
10. Fix low level input hooks (used for example in DosBox)
Unimplemented/Fixme that appear during work
1. fixme:(dll\win32\arwinss\winent.drv\userdrv.c:665) RosDrv_SetWindowStyle is UNIMPLEMENTED!
2. fixme:(dll\win32\arwinss\winent.drv\userdrv.c:642) RosDrv_SetWindowIcon is UNIMPLEMENTED!
3. (subsystems\win32\win32k_arwinss\wine\queue.c:814) TODO: Check if anyone is waiting on queue is missing!
4. (subsystems\win32\win32k_arwinss\eng\device.c:927) FIXME: DeviceName is NULL, trying display nr. 1 (TuxRacer)
5. fixme:(dll\win32\arwinss\winent.drv\userdrv.c:636) RosDrv_SetWindowRgn is UNIMPLEMENTED! (Reget)
6. fixme:(dll\win32\arwinss\winent.drv\userdrv.c:626) RosDrv_SetLayeredWindowAttributes is UNIMPLEMENTED! (Qutim)
7. err:(dll\win32\arwinss\winent.drv\gdidrv.c:353) ExtEscape for escape 8 is unimplemented! (SuperTux 0.3.3; ROS text screensaver)
8. fixme:(dll\win32\arwinss\winent.drv\clipboard.c:2440) NTDRV_CLIPBOARD_IsSelectionOwner is UNIMPLEMENTED! (AbiWord. Notepad++)
9. fixme:(dll\win32\arwinss\winent.drv\gdidrv.c:451) RosDrv_GetTextExtentExPoint is UNIMPLEMENTED!
10. fixme:(dll\win32\arwinss\winent.drv\gdidrv.c:609) RosDrv_RealizePalette is UNIMPLEMENTED!
11. fixme:(dll\win32\arwinss\winent.drv\gdidrv.c:959) RosDrv_UnrealizePalette is UNIMPLEMENTED!
12. fixme:(dll\win32\arwinss\winent.drv\gdidrv.c:433) RosDrv_GetNearestColor is UNIMPLEMENTED!
You can get the latest ARWINSS ISO here.


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Honda used cars like the Civic are nonetheless extensively fashionable with the North American shopper and with every totally different Honda technology, an increasing number of folks simply appear to be drawn to them. A vehicle, though historically not a great investment, is very private to us. Many of us spend an excessive amount of time in our vehicles every day and grow attached to our car. However designers and engineers within the auto trade are constantly in search of methods to enhance the performance of a hybrid vehicle.
Truck A time period typically used to describe goods vehicles of three.5t most laden weight upwards. The identical goes for autonomous vehicles and their applied sciences. 2. Jobs that require an worker to journey frequently typically occasions present using a company car.
The rise of driverless vehicles is made possible because of how a lot time and money these giant firms at the moment are pouring into the trade. As with the taxi earnings sheet the columns are then robotically added which features a verify on data entry accuracy earlier than being transferred to the taxi driver accounts sheet.
Plus you should use premium fuel in case you have had it done to be able to shield your vehicle's engine more. I thought it would help some people in the event that they heard precisely how an insurance company views this and how they go about compensating you in your automotive ought to it's decided to be a totaled.
Aside from environmental air pollution, sound air pollution can also be a growing downside and on this case too hybrid automobiles have an edge over different kinds of vehicles as the extent of nose emission in these automobiles is also fairly low. Your customers would possibly get a bit of suspicious in case you were driving a brand new high-of-the-line vehicle anyway, so take advantage of the fact that a used however clear truck or automotive makes you look trustworthy.


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Muhlenberg County Schools is proud to introduce the Felix E. Martin Jr. Hall. This new facility is located at the Muhlenberg County High School – West Campus and is a 24,000 square foot, 800 seat performing arts & education venue with state of the art lighting and sound systems. The Felix E. Martin Jr. Hall hosts a large variety of events from school productions to large scale touring productions, to lectures, to meetings. Whether for a school event, or a professional touring artist, their guests leave with a great experience in the arts!
For upcoming events, click here to visit Felix Martin Hall's website.


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One of the more catastrophic types of injuries that may happen in a car or construction accident in Georgia is an injury to the spinal cord. Spinal cord lesions sometimes occur as a result of accidents, and the lesions can lead to a problem called spasticity.
Living with a spinal cord injury
The spinal cord acts as a sort of highway along which messages are transported to and from the brain to different parts of the human body. If damaged, messages carried via the nerve bundles that comprise the spinal cord aren't able to transmit past the injury site. Consequently, depending on the location and severity of damage suffered to the spinal cord, an individual will experience partial to full loss of feeling and movement below the injury impact site.
Spinal cord injuries among the most debilitating of injuries
Imagine never being able to walk again, having trouble breathing on one's own and forever relying on a wheelchair and the assistance of others to accomplish even basic everyday tasks. For individuals who suffer spinal cord injuries, their lives and those of family members are forever changed.


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YORK City pushed Fleetwood Town all the way before seeing their Sky Bet League Two play-off bid end following a 0-0 draw on the Lancashire coast.
The cash-happy Cod Army booked their place in the Wembley final on bank holiday Monday but were given a real fright by the Minstermen, who left Highbury with their heads held high.
Ex-City hero Matty Blair's first-leg goal proved decisive, however, as last night's hosts clung on for a 1-0 aggregate triumph.
City kicked off with the side that finished Monday's first leg with Ryan Bowman starting in attack and Michael Coulson on the right flank.
Ryan Brobbel dropped out and, due to injury, was not named on the bench with Sander Puri drafted in as a substitute.
Fleetwood made no changes to their first XI despite having holding midfielder Alan Goodall back from suspension.
Graham Alexander's men had the first chance of the evening when Josh Morris exchanged passes with David Ball before lifting an eight-yard effort over Nick Pope's crossbar.
Moments later, Russell Penn fired narrowly over for the Minstermen with a 12-yard half-volley after Keith Lowe had sprinted upfield to get on the end of a Coulson corner.
Pope made the first save of the night on eight minutes, gathering routinely following Conor McLaughlin's hopeful 30-yard shot.
On-loan Preston striker Iain Hume's well-struck rising shot then missed the target from 15 yards after Morris' low left-wing delivery.
City, though, were more than matching their hosts, forcing a string of corners that unsettled home keeper Chris Maxwell.
Calvin Andrew and Adam Reed also combined well to create a 12-yard opening for Coulson, who blasted his shot straight at Maxwell with his effort parried to safety, The hard-working Andrew, meanwhile, headed over from a Ben Davies cross and Lowe also climbed highest in the Cod Army penalty box on 40 minutes and forced Maxwell to punch away under his own crossbar.
Fleetwood had not threatened since the quarter-hour mark but, in first-half stoppage time, Nathan Pond met Morris' free kick from the left with his head and the ball bounced wide off fellow centre-back Mark Roberts' shins.
Steven Schumacher also went on to lift an edge-of-the-box effort out of the ground before the interval.
Both sides made a positive start to the second period with Fleetwood having the earliest chances of the half as Antoni Sarcevic headed over at the near post from a Morris corner and McLaughlin's hopelessly-ambitious 35-yard strike was comfortably gathered by Pope.
Morris also dragged a 20-yard chance wide before a brilliant save by Pope kept his side in the tie.
The on-loan Charlton keeper stretched out his long left arm to push Sarcevic's well-struck low shot around his post after the ball had broken for the home midfielder in City's penalty box.
Pond headed over from Morris' consequent corner.
At the other end, City were playing with plenty of endeavour but Fleetwood, led brilliantly by skipper Pond, continued to defend resolutely with the visitors' first shot of the half coming from 35 yards as Andrew's ambitious drive whistled over.
On 83 minutes, Alexander sacrificed midfielder Sarcevic to bring on a third centre back in Ryan Cresswell as he looked to protect the slimmest of advantages.
City continued to press with Coulson blasting well over after referee Scott Duncan played advantage following an edge-of-the-box trip on substitute Ryan Jarvis.
A barnstorming finish then saw chances at both ends with teenage defender Tom Allan thrown on up front and Pope even urged forward for a later corner.
Charlie Taylor drove wide for the home team on 89 minutes, while Jarvis' low 15 yard drive was caught by a relieved Maxwell before Pope, on the edge of his own penalty box, won a battle of wits as Morris broke clear one-on-one in the fourth minute of added-on time.
Seconds later, home supporters spilled on to the pitch as they celebrated their team reaching Wembley for the first time since 1985.
The Minstermen, meanwhile, can be proud of a second half of the season and one final performance that epitomised the spirit and character of Worthington's team since the turn of the year.
Match facts
Fleetwood 0, York City 0
(Fleetwood win 1-0 on aggregate)
York City
Nick Pope 9, Lanre Oyebanjo 8, Keith Lowe 8, John McCombe 9, Ben Davies 8, Michael Coulson 7, Russell Penn 9, Adam Reed 7, Will Hayhurst 7, Calvin Andrew 7, Ryan Bowman 7
Substitutions: Ryan Jarvis (for Bowman, 69), Lewis Montrose (for Reed, 84), Tom Allan (for Hayhurst, 90). Not used: McGurk, Jarvis, Platt, Puri, Ingham.
Star man: Russell Penn - never shirked a challenge, led by example.
Fleetwood Town
Chris Maxwell, Conor McLaughlin, Mark Roberts, Nathan Pond, Charlie Taylor, Matty Blair, Steven Schumacher (Alan Goodall, 75), Antoni Sarcevic (Ryan Cresswell, 83), Josh Morris, Iain Hume (Jon Parkin, 64), David Ball. Subs not used: Stewart Murdoch, Gareth Evans, David Lucas, Stephen Jordan.
Referee: Scott Duncan (Northumberland).
Booked: McLaughlin 20, Roberts 28, Sarcevic 34, Hayhurst 66.
Sent off: None.
Attendance: 5,194 (1,056 City fans).
Shots on target: Town 3, City 3.
Shots off target: Town 7, City 4.
Corners: Town 5, City 9.
Fouls conceded: Town 8, City 9.
Offsides: Town 0, City 0.


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It was always to live in London by the time I'm 30, for as little or as long a period. It feels like that age is encroaching way too fast, my life is definitely not together like I had imagined it would be, and the thought of moving sometimes seems a little crazy. My FOMO… Continue reading melbournite for a day 2.0.
Month: June 2016
the sustainers :: campbell charlotte.
Somehow today has become a very inspiring day. Starting with a new cafe visit, another checked off the ever-growing list, complete with the most delicious brain-food omelette. Then a mass of chores ensued, and the feeling of cleanliness accomplished. Baked some veggie bread followed by a short afternoon walk, and now sipping my warm tea,… Continue reading the sustainers :: campbell charlotte.
thought process of airport waiting.
This little collage I pored my lunchtime into sums up how I felt on the weekend, following two massively delayed flights, both to Melbourne and back. So much time spent whining and whinging, stressing about the wrong information on the departures board (surely our gate hasn't closed when the plane hasn't even arrived?), and asking… Continue reading thought process of airport waiting.
the thing with confidence.
Disclaimer: this is a post that will sound quite ridiculous, but is completely reflective of my mind these last few days. Posting my style entry to the Man Repeller / Bloglovin H&M Awards on Instagram was one of the best decisions I have made. Ordinarily this isn't something I would do - I hate serious… Continue reading the thing with confidence.
anatomy of :: athleisure.
Ok ok ok. I've been avoiding this topic for a while but it just doesn't seem to want to go away. Athleisure is here to stay everybody (and now whenever I read that word, it is said in my head in Leandra's joyful twang). I'm not a fan of tights, or bike shorts, or cropped… Continue reading anatomy of :: athleisure.
an opulent road trip.
Life seems to be continually coming at me from all angles. You make a plan, it sticks in your mind, and then boom, it all changes again. I was planning on a 4-day working week for a while, basically equating to heaven on earth, minus the joy of actually being able to purchase all things… Continue reading an opulent road trip.
model muse :: lineisy montero.
Tomorrow is the start of a new existence for me. A time with an important requirement - to be used for gaining life experiences, figuring my stuff out, and doing everything I can. New times call for new muses. Stay tuned for the life advancements. I first noticed Lineisy Montero popping up in a million… Continue reading model muse :: lineisy montero.
modern day superwoman.
While most of Sydney has a keen eye on the State of Origin, I'm attempting to switch on my brain and figure out life. I've mused on Margaret Zhang's super-styling and fashion ability before, but now let's get hyped over the fact that she is also an intelligent, confident and business-minded individual. A 23 year… Continue reading modern day superwoman.


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Note: This document also contains two cover feature sidebars which ran with the main article: "How It Worked for One Black Sewer Contractor," and "How It Was Made to Work for One White Auto Dealer." The sidebars appear at the end of this document.
By 10:55 AM the "bid room" on the fourth floor of City Hall is aswirl. Three white men are filling out forms at the last minute, carefully inserting them along with other documents in big brown envelopes and placing them on the counter at the front of the room. A half dozen others, their envelopes already sealed and submitted, mill around, shaking hands with acquaintances or chuckling at the pleasantries of a stocky, middle-aged man who speaks with a heavy Italian accent while clenching an unlit stogie between his teeth. Several black and Latino men and the few women present are already in their seats, looking a bit apprehensive. A sign on the wall says, "Courtesy is contagious."
In this unpretentious place, well off the beaten path, the city of Chicago buys the goods and services required to keep its myriad agencies functioning and its citizens reasonably content. According to the Municipal Code, every contract for more than $10,000 (except those for professional services) must be put up for competitive bid. Here, five days a week, bids are opened and contracts tentatively awarded.
This year the city is doing some $800 million in business (an average of more than $3 million a day) with thousands of contractors, suppliers, brokers, and service providers--a gigantic, ongoing commitment that makes the Illinois lottery look like a church raffle. Everything from parking tickets for the Police Department and dog food for the animal shelter to the construction of the southwest expressway and the resurfacing of the runways at O'Hare Airport will be bought through the open bid process in the room on the fourth floor.
Sometimes, when eight or more highly competitive contracts are up for award, the 36 chairs in this room will be filled early and the overflow will spill out into the hall. Today only three contracts are being considered--each a package of sidewalk repairs at scattered sites around the city. The total of all three is expected to be less than $1 million. So there are still some empty seats when, at 11 AM as scheduled, Arthur Lindsay, a retired Chicago policeman and now special assistant to the purchasing agent, steps behind the counter, opens the envelopes one by one, and reads off the bids. A hush falls over the room and everyone jots down the figures. Following the action is no easy matter for a neophyte; Lindsay throws around phrases like "controller's certificate," "addendum acknowledged," and "award criteria." The whole formality takes only about 20 minutes. Today's big winner appears to be the M & Q Construction Company, which has beaten six other bidders on each of the first two lots of repairs. The F & V Construction Company wins the third contract, even though its "base bid" is some $2,000 higher than another company's. The reason is that F & V's "award criteria" figure is less than its competitor's--a fact of life that everyone here seems to understand and accept.
When it's over there are neither cheers nor groans. The bidders get up and walk out the door or confer with the clerks behind the counter. More sidewalk repair contracts will be opened tomorrow, and many of these people will be back then. No one expects to win every day.
When Harold Washington ran for mayor in 1983, he presented himself first and foremost as a reformer. No city agency appeared riper for reform than the Department of Purchases, Contracts, and Supplies. An entrenched, overwhelmingly white network of favored contractors and suppliers seemed always to get the lion's share of contracts because the network had developed friendly and profitable relationships with many city government agencies--with the Department of Public Works, for example, or the Department of Streets and Sanitation. In his 1971 book, Boss, Mike Royko observed that people at every level in City Hall quietly took care of their friends and that a contractor who was not part of the "brotherhood" simply refrained from bidding on government work.
The brotherhood created two major problems: price markups and cost overruns meant the city often paid far more for a product or a project than it was worth; and competition, especially from minority and woman-owned firms (few of which ever attained brotherhood status), was stifled.
It was not that the purchasing department was the sole source of the cronyism, kickbacks, and sweetheart deals that had long characterized city business. But the department was the conduit through which all activity passed. It had nodded, winked, and shrugged so long that practices of gross favoritism had almost acquired the respectability of tradition. If reform in city business was to have any meaning in the Washington administration, the purchasing department seemed the place to start.
More than four years later, the purchasing department still has its share of troubles. There are now some who maintain that the old, white, male brotherhood has simply been replaced by a more integrated coterie of favored sons and daughters--no less unsavory, though somewhat more inept. Critics like to point to scandals that keep bubbling up. In early November, for example, two former purchasing department officials were among ten men indicted for accepting kickbacks from an automotive supply firm. But such quick and easy assessments can be unfair. The latest scandal, in fact, concerned alleged kickbacks made during the Byrne administration. Because the purchasing department must interact with every other city agency, the opportunities for corruption are as numerous as they are hard to trace. Reforming the operation is like cleaning up the Augean stables.
Yet in purchasing, as well as in other city departments, a concerted cleanup is under way. In the long run, that effort, largely behind the scenes and unheralded by the media, may prove the most important legacy of the Washington administration.
"I feel very good about what they're doing in Chicago," says Lewis E. Spangler, executive vice president of the National Institute of Governmental Purchasing. "There's tremendous progress." Similar programs to improve purchasing have been implemented in other major cities, he notes, including Philadelphia and Newark.
"Minority business in Chicago has picked up tremendously," says May Foster Thompson, executive director of the Chicago Regional Purchasing Council, whose membership includes major corporations as well as small and minority firms. "We get excellent feedback from our people--the sort of thing we'd never get in the old days."
"I think the city is bending over backwards to assist us," says Hedy M. Ratner, director of the 2,000-member Women's Business Development Center. "Sure, the old-boy network is still there, but they don't dominate anymore."
Asked to comment anonymously on the quality of city purchasing, a dozen business owners who bid regularly for city contracts concurred that important strides have been made. "Look, it's always better if you know the people you're dealing with," says a veteran electrical contractor. "But the purchasing people are about as straight arrow as you'll find anywhere in any branch of government today."
Last July the Chicago City Council approved Mary S. Skipton as the city's purchasing agent by a unanimous vote--one of those rare occasions when Washington loyalists and opponents found common cause. "She has done a beautiful job," says Third Ward Alderman Dorothy Tillman, referring to Skipton's performance as acting purchasing director for almost two years. "Business isn't done anymore in smoke-filled rooms. It's the end of the dark ages."
Alderman Edward Burke of the 14th Ward was not as ebullient as his colleague. As chairman of the City Council's Finance Committee until earlier this year, he had been the preeminent critic of purchasing practices, calling attention to suspicious deals and accusing the Washington administration of blatant hypocrisy. Yet he too voted for Skipton, he says, because "she's honest and I have no personal animus against her."
Two months after the mayoral election in 1983, Washington's transition committee submitted a report that cited the purchasing department's "fragmented responsibilities and control weaknesses"--deficiencies, the report insisted, that could only lead to "mismanagement, waste and misappropriation." Purchasing officials, it said, were not attracting enough new or minority business to create a fair and "competitive purchasing environment"; they lacked authority over "user" departments (other city agencies) and were hampered with "cumbersome and outmoded practices." Office files were so badly organized that purchasing experts hired by the team could go through only two contracts in an hour and could find no way to determine whether a vendor had a good track record.
Washington's first step, in November 1983, was to appoint William Spicer, a former career army officer, as acting purchasing agent. The fourth floor at City Hall was not the military, Spicer discovered. Underlings insisted on conducting business as usual, and he couldn't get rid of them because of the Shakman decree, which was intended to restrict patronage hiring and firing. "It was a hell of a problem," says Spicer.
"It was chaos, sheer chaos," says Charlie Banks, a veteran Chicago businessman who became Spicer's first deputy. "The city was paying 20 to 30 percent more for products than people paid on the outside, and we couldn't stop it. We couldn't even get the employees to take down their Jane Byrne calendars!"
Spicer's term was marked by some improvements in the system and a determined, though somewhat scattered, effort to steer more business to women and minorities. But progress was minimal, and the few improvements were drowned out by chronic charges that the mayor's office or James Montgomery, who was then corporation counsel, was interfering in purchasing decisions, that bid rigging continued unchecked, and that influence peddlers like Clarence McClain called the important shots.
Typical was the almost two-year-long uproar over the largest contract in the purchasing department's history: the people-mover transit system connecting the remote parking lots at O'Hare with the terminals. Despite strong opposition from minority firms (which were concerned that they would not get a fair share of subcontracts), a French company, Matra, was declared the winner, with a low bid of $113 million. Spicer, however, vetoed the award and gave it to an American company, Westinghouse. Matra went to court and, after a protracted fight featuring charges of gross interference by city officials, won back the contract.
The scandal involving FBI mole Michael Raymond did not directly affect the purchasing department, since the contract he hustled for was handled by the Department of Revenue and the corporation counsel's office. Yet that only illustrated the purchasing department's scattered authority and lack of unified control.
By early 1985, it was apparent that change was necessary. A 300-page study by a management consulting firm, James Lowry & Associates, documented the weaknesses: the absence of a monitoring system, the scarcity of a trained procurement staff, and the slow payment practices (up to four months after work was completed). The deficiencies, Lowry said, gave contractors "a license to steal" and yet effectively barred qualified minority- and women-owned businesses from participation.
Lowry strongly recommended that control over all purchasing be placed in the purchasing department, that programs to advise new firms on how to compete for city business be established, and that minority and women participation goals be written into all contracts. "There's too much money involved," he said, "for a system to operate on faith."
Similar recommendations came from a study by Quaker Oats executives, who cautioned reformers that "after decades of this thing being a mess, it is going to take a massive effort to unravel it."
On April 3, 1985, Mayor Washington issued Executive Order 85-2, which stated, "The Purchasing Agent shall establish a goal of awarding not less than 25 percent of the annual dollar value of all city contracts to qualified MBEs [minority-owned business enterprises] and 5 percent of the annual dollar value of all city contracts to qualified WBE's [women-owned business enterprises]." The order gave the purchasing agent full authority to see that the 25 and 5 figures were adhered to, to certify who was and wasn't an MBE or a WBE, and to take appropriate action against cheaters.
Meanwhile, the City Council had passed the McLaughlin Ordinance (introduced by 45th Ward Alderman Gerald M. McLaughlin), which said minorities and women should be hired for work under all city construction contracts of $100,000 or more. Minorities, for example, are to supply 25 percent of the journeyman and apprentice work hours on a project, and women are to supply 7 percent; laborer hours are to be 40 percent minority and 10 percent women. The ordinance also established "award criteria," giving preference to bidders who pledge to use even higher percentages of minorities and women; that's how F & V Construction Company won the sidewalk repair contract mentioned above even though its bid was higher than another company's.
Within a few months the purchasing department had acquired a better set of teeth with which to bite--and a mountain of new monitoring responsibility. In August of 1985, the mayor's office announced Spicer's resignation, only to find itself in another mess when the Vrdolyak majority discovered that, due to a technicality, the City Council had the authority to override the resignation and elect Spicer to a two-year term as purchasing agent. This they did in the heat of the Council Wars, much to Washington's embarrassment. The hapless Spicer joined the effort, claiming he didn't really want to resign. The courts, however, quickly overruled this bizarre coup, and attention shifted to the newly named acting purchasing agent, Mary Skipton. This inexperienced white woman seemed an unlikely choice for such a controversial position. The Tribune noted in an editorial that "Mary Skipton was a minor purchasing official who does not yet have the background for running a multi-million-dollar purchasing operation and fending off vultures from both the mayor's office and her own staff."
"We are in control and we will stay in control," Mary Skipton firmly declares. "There is nothing going on in this office we do not know about. We do not like surprises." Skipton is not using the plural of majesty; she is referring to herself and her two top lieutenants, Leroy Bannister and McNair Grant, who are seated at her side.
Skipton is the 40-year-old only child of an Irish immigrant couple who settled in Uptown. Her late father worked as a laborer in the Department of Streets and Sanitation in the 1950s, but the family, she says, had no political connections or interests. She got a bachelor's degree in communications from Loyola University in 1969 and held a series of administrative jobs in the Chicago office of the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development before taking a post in 1983 as deputy for finance and administration with the city of Chicago's Department of Housing. HUD was cutting back on its employees, Skipton says, and she liked the sound of the new Washington administration. She attracted the attention of Brenda Gaines, then city commissioner of housing, which led to her appointment to the top job in purchasing.
Grant, also 40, the son of a retired Chicago Board of Education administrator, is a former bank loan officer and economic development consultant. Bannister, soon to be 40, is an attorney who worked in the corporation counsel's office before being named Skipton's first deputy. All three joined the purchasing department in 1985.
Alderman Burke is among those who believe that cronyism and political interest still dominate city purchasing and that Bannister was a sinister link between the mayor's fifth-floor office and the purchasing department one floor below. The suggestion elicited a stifled vulgarity from Skipton, whose usual demeanor is polite and very earnest. "No one is calling the shots but us," she said, "all three of us together. When I took this job the mayor said, 'If anybody tells you I want something done, don't do it. If I want something, I'll call you myself.'" According to Skipton, he never called.
Their coworkers say that the odd trio of Skipton, Grant, and Bannister really does work as a team of equals. That certainly appears to be the case in an interview situation. The three regularly interrupt one another, even in mid-sentence, to emphasize a point or make a correction. "I think it's lucky we've developed this relationship," says Grant. "In some departments they've got a lot of little fiefdoms."
The reform efforts have been aided by the retirement, removal, or resignation of most of the holdover staff that plagued Spicer. Within a few days of her arrival, Skipton says, a budget officer assured her a rise in one contract from $50,000 to $100,000 represented a 50 percent hike. "With that kind of math," she says, "I knew we were in trouble. I fired him on the spot. . . . I decided this department is going to be proactive, not reactive."
Indications of a more proactive department and a more equitable purchasing environment are impossible to ignore:
In the old days, city agencies often skirted the contract bidding system--and took care of their business friends--by insisting that a product or service was needed on an "emergency basis." In 1982, for example, more than 1,000 emergency contracts were awarded. A month after her arrival, Skipton put in mandatory guidelines that effectively halted the practice. In 1986, ten emergency contracts were signed; so far in 1987, only two have been.
Abuses also occurred through so-called sole-source awards to companies that presumably alone could fill the city's needs. In some cases the arrangement was legitimate and necessary; the existing electric and gas utilities, for instance, are clearly the sole sources for those services. In other cases, however, contracts were deliberately written so that only one of several qualified companies could fulfill the requirements. New guidelines and an active sole-source review board cut such contracts from more than 1,000 in 1985 to 800 in 1986; a further reduction is expected this year. For the first time the purchasing department has also assumed full authority over all professional service contracts--the kind Michael Raymond tried to finesse.
Contract modifications, amendments, and change orders--easy ways for vendors to up their profits after signing contracts--have been gradually reduced. Amendments alone totaled $51 million in 1985, then dropped to $21 million in 1986 and to about $18 million this year.
To date, more than 1,400 businesses have been certified as MBEs or WBEs. Their share of city business exceeds the goals of the Washington executive order. In 1986, 27 percent (or $116 million) of contract dollars went to minority businesses and 8 percent ($34 million) to women-owned companies. The figures for 1987 are expected to be slightly higher. Facilitating the entire operation is the department's unique "indirect method of compliance," which allows vendors who, for legitimate reasons, do not meet the requirements for minority and women participation in one part of their business to fulfill the requirements in another (see sidebar).
Despite the common assumption that race and sex goals, which contravene the free-market system, cost a city a lot in the long run, the cleaner and more efficient operation of the purchasing department has actually cut costs--$21.7 million reported in overall savings in 1986 and $14 million expected this year.
The old requirement that contract bidders post cash or check deposits along with their bids (to ensure they are serious) was rescinded by the Illinois legislature last year after pressure from the Chicago purchasing department. Now, easier-to-obtain bid bonds are acceptable--a policy praised by cash-scarce small companies.
Purchasing department personnel now meet regularly with business groups and local chambers of commerce--in white as well as minority communities--to explain purchasing processes and to encourage new firms to get into the game. The basic regulations, recently rewritten in more readable English, have been condensed from 19 to 7 pages.
All this progress has been achieved with a reduced staff. Budget cuts trimmed the purchasing department's staff from 241 in 1985 to 213 this year. Skipton and her aides also redistributed personnel, cutting the number assigned to office administration and warehousing--"where the patronage workers were concentrated," says Skipton--and adding 58 in the critical area of contract monitoring and compliance. Especially important to a tighter policy is the automated inventory control system, a computerized method of checking instantly thousands of details that once required hours of paper shuffling.
A random check of eight contracts awarded in May, June, and July of this year indicated that all of the contractors were at or above minority and women hiring goals. A $2.2 million street resurfacing contract with the white-owned E.A. Cox Company, for example, included $588,000 (or 27 percent) in subcontracts with two Hispanic companies and $190,000 (or 8 percent) in subcontracts with two woman-owned firms. Similarly, a $734,000 contract for traffic light modernization with the white-owned Aldride Electric Company included a 26 percent subcontract to a black firm and a 5 percent subcontract to a woman-owned firm. That woman owner is also black.
There's no question some minority subcontractors are doing well, said Cleveland Chapman, president of Midwest Contractors for Progress, an association representing 30 black companies. It's equally certain that purchasing department policies help. "Before, we never knew what was going on," Chapman says. "One time in 1982 I waited more than four months before I got paid for a job. Now, they [Skipton's office] get on the backs of the comptroller's office [which issues the checks] and the other departments. They're trying harder."
Carolyn Jordan, whose underground sewer construction company has gotten a lot of city work, says purchasing department officials are "very progressive and making the system work for everybody." The problems confronting a black woman in a white, male-dominated industry are tremendous, she says: "The old-boy network figures you can't read blueprints. They only want to protect their own interests and shut us out. Well, I'm grateful for the opportunity to do some work and earn some money."
Gerry Gillette, the black president of Consulting Consortium Inc., a nine-year-old architectural and engineering firm, says he never got any city business before the Washington election. Now his firm's services are solicited by white-owned companies seeking to fulfill their minority goals. Though slow payment by the comptroller's office remains a headache, Gillette praises the purchasing department's efforts to cut through red tape. "The bureaucracy works better now," he says.
A veteran white contractor, Dan Walsh of the Walsh Construction Company of Illinois, acknowledges that more minority firms are coming into the business and that they're getting better at what they do. "Nobody can claim anymore that minorities aren't available for the jobs," he says.
All this does not mean a new, Camelot-like era has descended on Chicago. Indeed, life was undoubtedly calmer when the old brotherhood honored the traditional rites of buying and selling. A stirring of the waters can produce tidal waves as well as ripples.
Dan Walsh, whose company had long been involved in major Chicago projects such as the Eisenhower Expressway, says his firm hasn't done any business with the city for the past 18 months and doesn't plan to bid on future jobs. The reason, he says, is "increased surveillance" and the complexity of the new minority-participation rules. In previous administrations, he notes, an agency like the Department of Public Works would administer a contract from beginning to end, "but now everything's a big deal." Part of his disillusionment, he admits, stems from a penalty imposed on his firm by the purchasing department, which claimed his company had not fulfilled its minority subcontracting commitment on a job. "They withheld $900,000," says Walsh. "We didn't think it was fair."
Several other white contractors voice similar objections. "We've got enough private projects to keep us going," says one. "Who wants to be bothered with all this counting of heads and filling out forms? It's too much Mickey Mouse!"
McNair Grant admits that now when a contract is processed, there are many looking over the shoulders of contractors: review committees, the comptroller's office, the law department, and whichever agency has offered the contract for bid. The idea, he says, is to provide long and clear paper trails that preclude the fast and loose procedures of yesteryear.
Nevertheless, negative revelations about purchasing department employees continue to get press notice. Until he lost his job as chairman of the Finance Committee, the revelations were often provided by Alderman Burke, who admits he resented Washington's "continual prattle about reform." However, a check of the records indicates such implications and accusations were often without foundation.
In a typical case, an official of the Efengee Electric Supply Company was quoted in a Chicago Sun-Times story as having agreed to pay $30,000 to a black subcontractor in order to obtain a city contract for airport supplies. The official said the subcontractor, Production Dynamics of Chicago Inc., was expected (presumably with the purchasing department's blessing) to do nothing except collect its money and provide Efengee with the required minority partner. Charlie Banks, president of Production Dynamics, hotly denied that any such agreement had been made, and Efengee could provide no evidence of a contract or an agreement. According to purchasing department regulations, a prime contractor is required to do at least 50 percent of the work on a project, and a subcontracting firm must do at least 75 percent of the work for which it is hired before it may sub-subcontract any work.
Banks, who became an electrical parts distributor after resigning from the purchasing department in 1983, has been a target of speculation and rumor by gossip columnists almost every time he has bid on or won a city contract. The record indicates he has played by the rules and won contracts fairly with low bids. Not one accusation of impropriety has been sustained.
There was another flap about the $269,000 award of an O'Hare runway-resurfacing contract to the third lowest bidder, the Peter J. O'Brien Company of Chicago, which had failed to meet the minority and female participation requirements. The low bidder, the Pacific Company, charged it had been frozen out by demands that it meet impossible minority goals. But purchasing department records show that Pacific was given a partial waiver on minority participation, which would have allowed it to meet the goals, but was then unable to obtain a performance bond and an insurance certificate. Nearly 14 months after the original negotiations, the second lowest bidder, by then overloaded with other work, could not be held to the prices quoted in its original bid. At that point O'Brien agreed to its original prices. The company was then given a full waiver on minority participation because of the time that had elapsed and because the resurfacing was desperately needed.
"We're very much aware this agency could be the [administration's] Achilles' heel," says Skipton, "and people do what they can to show us up. I think the measurement of our success is an ability to stay out of the papers. The longer this management team is in place, the more credible we are and the more difficult it is to dig out items for press consumption."
A name frequently cited by critics of the administration is that of Howard Medley, a south-side moving company magnate and longtime Washington supporter who expanded into the construction business and obtained several lucrative city contracts. "I defy anyone to find anything out of line on his deals," exclaims Skipton. "Do you think we would jeopardize this office by trying to pull a fast one for someone as visible as Howard Medley? We go over everything he does with a fine-tooth comb!"
Perhaps Skipton's most awesome responsibility is monitoring contracts for race and sex balance. Ray Scannell, director of equal opportunity programs for the Construction Employers Association, calls it an impossible task--"like trying to monitor the wind." The purchasing department, he says, has enough to do just trying to obtain the best quality products at the lowest price. But, he says, "they have to also insist that companies walk on water--and then cite them for failure when they get wet."
The mere task of determining what constitutes a true MBE or WBE is incredibly complicated because the opportunities provided by the executive order have led to phony black-fronted and woman-fronted companies. The rules say the qualifying firm must be at least 51 percent minority or female owned, and the day-to-day operations must be directed by minorities or women. Cleveland Chapman says he believes hundreds, perhaps thousands of white-run companies with a few cooperative minorities on the payroll are proliferating, claiming large chunks of city business. Most of these pseudo-black or pseudo-Hispanic companies are subcontractors that were established as artificial satellites of large white firms to fulfill their minority requirements.
A case in point involves Baja Contractors Inc., which was hired in 1985 as a subcontractor by the white-owned Turner Construction Company to work on the new United Airlines terminal at O'Hare. Baja is owned by Humberto Jaimes, a Mexican immigrant, but it was so closely tied to the giant Material Service Corporation--Baja leased its trucks and obtained raw materials for its concrete from Material Service--that the purchasing department ruled it was more a conduit for the large company than a legitimate minority enterprise. The department denied Baja minority certification. Jaimes protested, filing a $2 million suit against the city and the purchasing department. In 1986, U.S. District Judge Milton Shadur said Baja could not be barred and called the city regulations "amorphous." A final decision from the U.S. Court of Appeals is now awaited.
"There was nothing amorphous about our regulations," says Grant. "They were exactly the same as those of the federal government." So that such disputes are minimized in the future, the city has developed very specific regulations of its own.
The Baja case, insists Skipton, illustrates that the purchasing department is not just rubber-stamping anyone who comes along under a minority label. More than 500 firms have been denied MBE or WBE certification or have had their certification revoked. "Of course some cheaters are getting through," says Skipton. "That's why we're making monitoring a high priority. But the number is nowhere near what some people think. Actually, it's pretty minuscule."
Denial of certification, naturally, can cause bad blood. One woman whose electrical contracting company was rejected on the grounds that her husband actually runs the firm says she is bitter. "The real reason," she says, "is that we're white and the administration is black."
Some Hispanics, too, express dissatisfaction with their cut of city work. Dr. Armando Triana, director of the Center for Research on Hispanics at DePaul University, says the new policies "have not provided much of a payoff for us yet." Though Hispanics account for an estimated 30 percent of Chicago's population, they have been getting less than 5 percent of city contract dollars, he says. Triana is especially upset that the results of a study on Hispanic business, conducted by a task force that he headed for Mayor Washington, have never been publicized. The study recommended that 15 percent of all city contracts be reserved for Hispanics. Yet Triana has nothing but praise for the city's "generally more favorable atmosphere toward Hispanics and its success in opening the process to firms that never before had opportunities for business."
There are some who claim the entire initiative on behalf of minorities and women is unconstitutional, that Mayor Washington's executive order--issued as a fiat without any legislative approval--could be struck down by the courts. "It was a unilateral move," says Ray Scannell, "with no proof of a compelling governmental interest in the goal, no relationship shown between the remedy and the cure. . . . There weren't even any hearings beforehand."
The issue is moot since no one has challenged the order in court. However, Geoffrey R. Stone, dean of the School of Law at the University of Chicago, says there are indeed questions about the legality of the order. The operative Supreme Court decision (Fullilove v. Klutznick, 1980) held that a goal of 10 percent for minority business enterprises is constitutional; it did not determine whether a mayor, or a state or city council, may set such a goal, or how high a percentage is legitimate. "My own opinion is that the current regulations could withstand a challenge," says Stone, "though some modifications might be ordered."
Until someone tells them otherwise, Skipton, Grant, and Bannister say they will proceed with their agenda. "I'm proud of what we've done so far," says Skipton, "and we will not let up for anyone or anything. . . . We walked in here with impeccable professional reputations and we intend to still have them when we walk out."
Cover Feature Sidebar
"Minority Purchasing: How It Worked for One Black Sewer Contractor"
George Fed worked 20 years as a heavy equipment operator for asphalt paving companies in Chicago and never made more than enough to keep his family going. But when Harold Washington was elected in 1983, he decided to hew out a career on his own terms.
"It was tough," says Fed, now 45 and owner with his son Terrence of George Fed & Son Construction Company, whose specialty is sewer work. "At first we got a lot of these little $1,500 and $3,000 jobs and we learned as we went along."
The big prime contractors needed minority subcontractors to meet their required goals, and Fed was always available and ready to work. "I wouldn't have lasted without that boost from the city," he admits. "I didn't have the track record or the expertise."
Today Fed owns $1.5 million in equipment, including 31 trucks. He is not only sought after but respected as a competent sewer subcontractor. This year, about two-thirds of the $3 million in work he does involves city contracts. "Now," he says, "I'm ready to go after jobs as the prime contractor. The prime has the responsibility and the control, and it's the only way to really get ahead in this business."
Fed has found employees for his company by offering free classes in sewer construction in his south-side neighborhood. "Out of that I've gotten six or seven good working people," he says, "and some others who've gone with other companies. I think you ought to help your community, not just yourself."
Cover Feature Sidebar
"Minority Purchasing: How It Was Made to Work for One White Auto Dealer"
When a black-owned Ford dealership was chosen in 1985 to supply trucks for the Chicago Department of Public Works, a white Chrysler dealer in Schaumburg objected. He had been bypassed, he says, because he could not provide the required 25 percent minority involvement to fulfill the contract. "We are not minority-owned," he argues. "Chrysler is not minority-owned. And there was no extra equipment needed. Where are we supposed to go for minority participation?"
That problem is now being addressed by a purchasing department innovation called "indirect participation." If minorities and women cannot come in through the front door, they still may enter through the back.
For example, in 1986, Sam Pfeffer, the owner of Old Orchard Chevrolet Inc. in Skokie, entered a bid on a contract for 460 squad cars for the Chicago Police Department. He was the low bidder--by some $630,000--but, like the Schaumburg Chrysler dealer, he was white and could find no way to fulfill minority goals through subcontracts. Through indirect participation, however, Pfeffer, the city, and several small-business people came out ahead. Working with the purchasing department, Pfeffer hired a Hispanic-owned janitorial service, a female-owned advertising agency, and a black-owned towing service. Directly, none of these firms had anything to do with the police-car contract, but they were accepted as partial fulfillment of the city's mandated goals. Because Pfeffer's bid was so low, the police were able to order some 30 more cars than they had requested in the original order. "I had heard horror stories about how you can't deal with Chicago or the Police Department," says Pfeffer. "Well, I got absolutely top-drawer treatment."
Indirect purchasing methods are now used with many of the city's major suppliers, including Xerox and IBM--whenever minority or female subcontracting is simply not practical or feasible.
Art accompanying story in printed newspaper (not available in this archive): photo/Marc PoKempner.


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Welcome to your Cornell University Library research guide: Women in Islam!
Here you will find general background and also in-depth information sources on a broad range of topics covering women's issues in Islam and the Muslim World. Click on the tabs above for links to resources and specific information on the religion and its ideology dealing with issues such as feminism, dress code, family and marriage, women's legal status, etc. This Guide aims to provide links to selected sources, which offer diverse, objective, balanced and rational perspectives of the topics. Your first point of contact with these resources should be the Library Discovery Tool (online catalog). This is where you will find information on all types of materials and how to get them. You will also find information on your loans, opening hours, and subject specialists who can answer your questions.
Disclaimer of Endorsement: The University does not necessarily agree with assertions and opinions expressed in the resources listed in this guide. These are provided for the researcher to discover, contrast and compare.
What is Islam? Check the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary for a definition and the Encyclopedia Britannica for information on the history, principles and practices of Islam.
Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism - BBC, UK.
Crescent (symbol of Islam) WHAT is the origin of the crescent moon symbol seen throughout Islamic cultures? Source: theguardian.com
Islam vs Muslim: When and why do we use the different terms?
Muslim vs Moslem: Why do people say Muslim now instead of Moslem?
'Muslim' vs 'Islamic' - DAWN.COM
Muslims vs. Islamists Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Ten Things Everyone Needs to Know about Islam - Excerpts from Esposito, John L. What Everyone Needs to Know About Islam. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Critical Concepts in Islamic Studies - Taylor & Francis Concepts in Islamic Studies series spans a number of subject areas that are closely linked to the religion.
Intro to Islam Research Paper Lynette White, Jessica Alsobrooks, et al.
Women, Gender, Islam and Feminism | Source: Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures
The Rise of the Islamic Feminists | Source: The Nation
The reality and future of Islamic feminism | Source: Al Jazeera English
Muslim Women's Quest for Equality: Between Islamic Law and Feminism | Source: Critical Inquiry 32 (Summer 2006) 2006 by The University of Chicago [pdf]
"The Secret Slaves of the Middle East"
The story of how poverty leads unprivileged women from developing countries to be deceived and trafficked into slavery.
What it's like to be Muslim in America
Presented at an official TED conference, February 2016
This guide highlights resources that are part of the discourse on Islam and women, including some that are useful for background information and others that provide research, analyses and opinions considering various social, political, historical and cultural frameworks. The scope encompasses women and Islamic cultures in every region where there have been significant Muslim populations. "Islam" comprises close to half of all Africans, one-third of Asians and growing numbers of Europeans and Americans, representing a wide diversity of cultures, races, ethnicities and languages.
In Muslim majority countries, where Islamic beliefs and cultures are prevalent, complex relationships between women and Islam are generally defined and influenced by Islamic texts, as well as by the historical, cultural and social contexts.
It is often difficulty to draw a clear delineation in attempting to identify what is a culture-bound custom and what is truly an Islamic provision as found in the canons of the Qur'an (Oxford ISO), Islam's holy book.
An examination of roles established both for and by Muslim women relies on Islam's foundational sources.
Historically, the interpretation of Islam has been largely a male endeavor. Although the first convert to Islam was a woman (Muhammad's first wife, Khadijah), and women played an important role in the transmission of Hadith (transmission of prophetic sayings and deeds) and the development of Sufism.
For Muslim women there are four legal sources of influence (in matters of personal law): The first two, the Qur'an and Hadith, are considered primary sources, while the other two are secondary and derived sources that differ between various Muslim schools of legal thought. The secondary sources of influence include Qiyas (deduction of legal prescriptions), Ijma' (consensus or agreement) and, in forms such as Ijtihad "independent reasoning," as opposed to Taqlid (imitation) and Fatwa (authoritative legal opinion given by a mufti or legal scholar). [More: On the Sources of Islamic Law and Practices Journal of Law and Religion].
Use, by country, of Sharia for legal matters relating to women:
'Women in Islam' is an issue that engenders widely varying opinions, interpretations and beliefs. Literature on this subject should be used with caution, as sources, especially on the Internet, range in authority and quality from rigorous research to deliberate misinformation.
Great women in Islamic History: a forgotten legacy - FUNCI
World Hijab Day Organization, Inc. (Non-Profit)
America's most famous statue was Muslim [woman] before she became Lady Liberty
Women Living under Muslim Law WLUML is an international solidarity network that provides information, support and a collective space for women whose lives are shaped, conditioned or governed by laws and customs said to derive from Islam.
Olin Library BP190.5.S4 U46 2017
Why Does China Have Women-only Mosques? / Michael Wood (WORLD RELIGION NEWS - 28 Jun 2017)
Voices above the chaos: female war poets from the Middle East.The carnage in Turkey and Syria has led to a blossoming of poetry – with women at the forefront. Here, two of them, one Syrian and one Kurdish, tell their stories.
Women lead Friday prayers at Denmark's first female-run mosque
China's proud 300-year history of female-led mosques
A video of a woman in a skirt sparks outrage in Saudi Arabia
After the video appeared on Snapchat, some Saudis called for the woman's arrest because her skirt stops above her knees and she is wearing a top that shows her midriff.
Saudi Arabia women hail end of driving ban - BBC News [27 Oct., 2017]
al-Sādis min Nūfimbir, al-mar'ah wa-qiyādat al-sayyārah, 1990 M / ʻĀ'ishah Muḥammad ʻAbd Allāh al-Māniʻ, Ḥiṣṣah Muḥammad ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Āl al-Shaykh.[6 November 1990 : Woman & driving * A book (Arabic) about the first women's protests for the right to drive, includes many documents]
[Also: Joyriding in Riyadh by Pascal Menoret]
'Vogue Arabia' Sparks Online Backlash Following Cover of Saudi Princess Driving Car
Mediating Faith and Style: Museums Awake to Muslim Fashions
Great women in Islamic History: a forgotten legacy - FUNCI
An Early Feminist: Al-Kahina, 7th Century North African Queen--Fact or Fancy?
Egypt's Female Lion Tamers Show the Men How to Do It. The broader struggle for equality may be lagging in Egypt, but six women dominate the field of lion taming in the country. [NY Times Online]
Meet the Woman Who Outsmarted Boko Haram: A Nigerian woman kidnapped by extremists tells "The Weekly" how she resisted their attempts to make her a suicide bomber. Watch tonight at 10/9c on FX.
Hundreds of women have been recruited as suicide bombers. This is the story of one woman who survived.
Women of the Islamic State : A manifesto on women by the Al Khanssaa Brigade / Translation and analysis by Charlie Winter


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Federal Covered Securities
None at this time.
- Division of Securities Information Line: (608) 266-2139
General Information
The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 ("NSMIA") created a new class of securities, called "federal covered securities," through amendment to Section 18 of the Securities Act of 1933.
What is a federal covered security?
In short, a federal covered security is one that enjoys a federally imposed exemption from state securities registration. NSMIA prevents states from
- imposing additional disclosure or "merit" standards on such offerings,
- requiring registration or qualification of such securities or transactions involving such securities, or
- prohibiting or limiting the use of any offering document prepared by or on behalf of any issuer of such securities.
The list of federal covered securities includes:
- Securities listed, or authorized for listing, on the New York or American Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Stock Market, or on a national exchange which the SEC by Rule determines has listing standards substantially similar to those of the named markets (In January of 1998, the SEC also designated by rule securities listed on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, Tier 1 of the Pacific Exchange, and Tier 1 of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange);
- Securities equal in seniority or senior to securities described in the preceding paragraph;
- Securities issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940;
- Securities that are the subject of non-issuer secondary trading transactions under section 18(b)(4)(A) of the federal Securities Act of 1933 (involving reporting companies under section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934);
- Securities offered or sold to a "qualified purchaser" as that term is defined by the SEC (expected to be similar to "accredited investor" in Rule 501 of Regulation D under the 1933 Act);
- Securities offered or sold pursuant to most of the exemptions contained in 1933 Act Section 3(a), plus under Section 4(2)(including certain exchange offers but excluding the intrastate exemption in Section 3(a)(11), the non-profit exemption in Section 3(a)(4), and any municipal/governmental security offered and sold in the state in which the issuer of the security is located); and
- Securities that will be federal covered securities under any of the above upon completion of the transaction.
NSMIA provides that states may continue to impose filing requirements for documents filed with the SEC, may require the filing of consents to service of process, and may impose filing fees in the amounts provided by state law on the day before NSMIA became effective.
In Wisconsin, federal covered securities requiring filings (see § 551.302(1) and (3), Wis. Stats., and related rules in § DFI-Sec 2.04(1) and (2), Wis. Adm. Code) include the following:
Regulation A, Tier 2 Offerings
Regulation D, Rule 506 Offerings
Investment Companies including
- Open-End Mutual Funds,
- Face Amount Certificate Companies,
- Closed-End Mutual Funds, and
- Unit Investment Trusts.
Rule 429 Amendments: If the issuer files a Rule 429 amendment (a new registration statement) with the SEC to increase the amount of securities registered, a new notice and $1,500 filing fee must be filed in Wisconsin.
History: Predecessor statute 551.29, Wis. Stats., adopted July 9, 1998. Repealed and recreated as 551.302(1)-(5), effective January 1, 2009.


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Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is pleased to announce today's release of the Right Or Wrong, the new album by Dave Adkins. As with all of Dave's earlier releases, Right Or Wrong showcases his craft as a songwriter, but it's important to note his penchant for being part of an incredible songwriting community that includes Jerry Salley, Eli Johnston, Blake Grisham, Greg Preece, Bart Millard, Terry Foust, Mitchell Brown, Carl Caldwell, Craig Lackey, Kenneth Johnson, Ray Bruce, Daniel Salyer, Dave Morris, and Dawn Kenney, all of whom have credits on this project.
Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is happy to announce the release of the newest album from the International Bluegrass Music Association's (IBMA) Emerging Artist of the Year, Volume Five. Milestones is available to radio and consumers today! Nashville is known as a "10 year town" — indicating it takes a full 10 years to achieve any real success in the music business. And while fans have long been hot on the trail of Volume Five (V5), it's easily said the industry is finally catching on and wising up. After a full decade of playing thousands of shows and making some of the best records in bluegrass, V5 has hit their stride. In 2017, the IBMA honored V5 with Emerging Artist of the Year and Song of the Year for "Drifter," arguably one of the most played tracks of the decade, thus far.
Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is pleased to announce the addition of North Carolina-based bluegrass band, ClayBank, to their roster. ClayBank will release their debut album for Mountain Fever Records Spring 2018. ClayBank is a new and impressive bluegrass band born out of the fertile musical ground of western North Carolina. The unique story of the formation of the group centers on a bluegrass veteran, who joined forces with a fellow picker in his mid-20s, and two talented teenage musicians that are about to be introduced to the greater bluegrass world. Gary Trivette is the elder statesman of ClayBank, a bassist and banjo player who has previously played with groups such as Carolina Crossing and Southern Accent. While sitting in a side room at the Appalachian State Old-time Fiddler's Convention in Boone, NC, in 2015, he found himself jamming with then 15-year-old mandolinist Zack Arnold and guitarist Jacob Greer who was 17.
Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is elated to announce the addition of songwriter, producer, and guitar player Thomm Jutz to the label. The artist's debut album for the label, Crazy If You Let It, will be released this fall with the title track and first single dropping to radio August 29th.
Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is excited to announce the release of Hillbilly Heroes from Hammertowne. The band's third album for Mountain Fever is also available wherever great music is sold beginning today!
Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is proud to announce the release of new music from fan and radio favorites, Breaking Grass. "Annie" is the first single, released today, from the upcoming album, Warning Signs, available March 17th. With their fresh sound, original material, strong vocals and innovative musicianship, Breaking Grass is doing exactly what their name implies. Although not quite traditional, the music they present is without a doubt steeped in the timeless genre they grew up listening to. Comprised of Cody Farrar on guitar; Tyler White on fiddle; Jody Elmore on banjo; Zach Wooten on mandolin; and Britt Sheffield on bass; this innovative band formed with one goal in mind - to make music that all ages could enjoy.
Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is proud to announce the release of brand new music from the Darrell Webb Band. "If You're Thinking You Want A Stranger" is available to radio and consumers today with the new album, Lover's Leap, releasing February 10, 2017.
Willis VA -- Mountain Fever Records is proud to announce the release of brand new music from Nothin' Fancy. "Where I Came From" is available to radio today and is the title track of a new album due for release October 7th.
Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is pleased to announce brand new music from Irene Kelley is available to radio and consumers today! Produced by Grammy® winner Mark Fain, These Hills is available everywhere great music is sold! Irene Kelley's signature mix of Bluegrass, Country and Americana appeals to music lovers across all genres.
Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is proud to announce the release of a brand new album from The Gospel Plowboys. Welcome Home is available to radio and consumers today! The Gospel Plowboys, based in Salisbury, NC, combines the talents of David Murph (mandolin), John Goodson (banjo), Michael Jenkins (guitar), David Brown (guitar, bass), Andrew Brown (bass, dobro) and Kris Miller (guitar). Between the six musicians, five are vocalists as well.
Volume Five and Mountain Fever Records are set to release the band's latest project, Drifter, on June 24, 2016. "I Am A Drifter" is the first single from their upcoming album and was penned by another well-known bluegrass artist, Donna Ulisse along with Marc Rossi. The single has already been released to radio.
Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is pleased to announce the debut release from the newly signed Deer Creek Boys has been released to both radio and consumers. What Goes Up features 12 tracks of stellar music ranging from contemporary originals to traditional classics.
Willis, VA -- Mountain Fever Records is proud to announce the release of new music by Junior Sisk & Ramblers Choice. Poor Boy's Pleasure is available for pre-order now and will be available everywhere May 27th!
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OrangeRap9000 replied on Chile Permalink
there are 27 letters in the spanish alphabet, and there is one less in the english one. i can say it in 15 seconds.
we write from left to right. and the letters are pronounced the same way as they are written.
PrincessJewelNebula replied on Vietnam Permalink
It is different from my language. My language is Vietnam, we write it from left to right. There are 26 letters in the English Alphabet. There are 24 in the Vietnamese Alphabet. I can speak English alphabets in 14 seconds.
RedFireNever replied on Vietnam Permalink
There are. 26 letters in English alphabet. No,it isn't . Japanese and Chinese . I can say the alphabet in English with 1 minute
RedJulySnowdrop replied on Turkey Permalink
English Alphabet is 26 letters. İn our alphabet of 29 letters. I can say the English Alphabet in 10 seconds.
PinkMermaid40 replied on Maldives Permalink
There are 26 letters in the alphabet. We have 24 letters in our language. We wrote dhivehi from the right side. I can say the alphabet in 4 seconds.
AlwaysButtercupBird replied on India Permalink
there are 26 letters in English alphabets.
yeah,actually we speak Hindi too but we speak English more than Hindi.
i can say the English alphabets in 5 second
OrangePianoIris replied on Tunisia Permalink
there are 26 letters in the english alphabet. no there are 28 letters in arabic language. we write from right to left . i say the alphabet in 15 seconds .
MasterSilver500 replied on Vietnam Permalink
26 letter, 3secons
MasterSilver500 replied on Vietnam Permalink
26 letter. 22 second
RedOtter900 replied on Canada Permalink
there is A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


text: Winter Chalet THINKSTOCK 8 chalets to choose from 68 weeks available to be won! The Winter Program runs from December until April of each year. In the middle of September, an email from the PSP Chalet Coordinator announcing the draw for the season will be sent. European Fund (EF) members will then have ten working days to send in their application for the draw to the Chalet Coordinator. All information relevant to the draw and application process will be outlined in the email. EF members who participate in the draw may select up to 10 choices on their application form. Participants are alloted their first choice to still be available once their application is selected during the draw. Each participant may only be alloted one prize per draw. The results of the draw are sent to participants along with the payment procedure in an email by the Chalet Coordinator. Once the winners list is published, EF members become financially responsible for the payment of the week they have been allocated. Should a winner wish to cancel for any reason, they still remain responsible for the payment until and only if another qualified member takes over the payment for that particular week. For complete draw rules, click here. For the cancellation policy, click here. Please note that transportation is not included, members are responsible to organize their own means of transportation. Bahia del Mar / Spain Casa Jardín / Canary Islands Casa Kato / Canary Islands Hintermair / Germany Maison Belavista / Madeira Martagon / France Prinos Resort / Crete Silvia / Austria


text:
Clue: Computer program feature
We have 1 answer for the clue Computer program feature. See the results below.
Possible Answers:
Related Clues:
- Continuous-play tape
- Roller coaster maneuver
- Roller coaster part
- Cloverleaf feature
- Aerial maneuver
- Ankh feature
- Orbit
- Chicago locale, with "the"
- Circle
- What goes around
Last Seen In:
- New York Times - July 23, 1999
Found an answer for the clue Computer program feature that we don't have? Then please submit it to us so we can make the clue database even better!


text:
Nager, Romaine & Schneiberg Co., L.P.A. (NRS) is an injury law firm based in northeastern Ohio with a statewide practice. Our attorneys have more than 150 years of combined legal experience in the areas of PI, WC, Medmal & SSD cases.
Address: 27730 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44132
Phone: 216.289.4740
Soroka & Associates, LLC. is a general practice litigation firm in Columbus, Ohio. We represent clients in all Ohio Counties and are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to take your calls.
Address: 673 Mohawk St, Suite 100, Columbus, OH 43206
Phone: (614) 358-6525
Columbus Lawyers Helping Injury Victims Since 1968
Address: 495 S High St #300, Columbus, OH 43215
Phone: 800-792-1480
Address: 136 West Mound Street, Suite 100, Columbus, OH 43215
Phone: (614) 418-6460


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Award Winning Victoria Park is the perfect function venue for your next special event. Located just two kilometres from Brisbane city, Victoria Park venue is home to eight character-filled function rooms, all with their own private bars, outdoor terraces, and stunning views of Brisbane city and the neighbouring golf course.
Whether you're organising a small event, large conference, Christmas party, wedding or an elaborate gala dinner function, Victoria Park can accommodate your next event with both cocktail style and seated event packages on offer.
With 8 versatile function rooms with panoramic views and free parking onsite, it's no wonder Victoria Park was twice voted Australia's best speciality event venue.
Victoria Park's three most popular and unique function spaces are the Garden Marquee (up to 90 seated & 180 cocktail), Grand Ballroom (200 seated & 700 cocktail), and the Grand Marquee (400 seated & 1000 cocktail). These venues feature private marble bars, twinkling chandeliers, outdoor terraces with city views, as well as panoramic floor to ceiling room views. Plus free parking on site for all guests!
Victoria Park's contemporary function rooms the Alabaster and Quartz are suitable for meetings and banquet events for 30-90 guests sit down and 30-150 cocktail style. Both rooms feature covered outdoor areas with city and golf course views, as well as private bars and lounge seating areas. Both rooms are perfect for intimate private parties, weddings, and for professionals seeking small conference and meeting venues in Brisbane.
Victoria Park's smaller rooms, the Putting and Driving Lounges are perfect for parties with or without friendly competition! The Driving Lounge is ideal for up to 30 guests and the Putting Range 70 guests, both have wooden floors and access to Victoria Park's fully licensed 18 hole putt putt course and day and night 2 level 62 bay golf driving range. If you aren't the sporty type, The Orchard Room will suit you just fine with this green floor and urban Tropicana vibe it has been designed to bring the outdoors in!
See below the contact form for our venue's capacities


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Free SMB3 File Server on Hyper-V 2016
This series of articles will guide you through creating a free SMB 3.0 file server in Microsoft Windows Hyper-V 2016. Hyper-V 2016 is an absolutely free GUI-less version of Microsoft Windows Server for virtual machines.
Hyper-V 2016 Server has been specifically developed and created only for virtual machines. According to Microsoft EULA, StarWind does not recommend repeating the steps below, because this process is a violation of the license agreement. The reason why we can create SMB File Share on Hyper-V 2016 is simple: all Windows servers require SMB 1/2/3 to work, and Hyper-V 2016 is not an exception. But it does not mean you should create any unsupported Microsoft services on GUI-less Hyper-V 2016.
As I mentioned before, Windows Hyper-V 2016 supports SMB3 file server. However, the license agreement states that users are prohibited from doing that. For example, if you really need fast SMB 3.0 file server for your home lab, you can repeat the steps below, but only for testing purpose. So, let's start creating SMB3 file server on Microsoft Hyper-V 2016.
|StarWind HyperConverged Appliance is a turnkey, entirely software-defined hyperconverged platform purpose-built for intensive virtualization workloads. Bringing the desired performance and reducing downtime, the solution can be deployed by organizations with limited budgets and IT team resources. Also, it requires only one onsite node to deliver HA for your applications that make the solution even more cost-efficient.
|Find out more about ➡ StarWind HyperConverged Appliance
Let's create an SMB 3.0 file server for a non-commercial experiment.
Setup: We are using Microsoft Hyper-V 2016 for the file server (Hyper-V-1) and Windows Server 2016 as a client server (2016-client-test).
Creation Process
Setting computer name, IP and other configuration parameters in Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2016.
Run PowerShell in cmd.exe to add the file server feature.
Let's install the file server feature by using Install-WindowsFeature commandlet.
Let's proceed with creating the share. Since we have a directory for the file server, we can use PowerShell command New-SmbShare commandlet. "–Name" parameter is the name of the share and "-Path" is the path to the shared directory. "-FullAccess" means we're giving full access to the user.
Let's check if the SMB share has been created on our 2016-client-test server. We can run SmbConnection command in PowerShell.
We can move forward and try copying some files to our new SMB share.
Perfect! We have created the SMB3 share on a free Microsoft Hyper-V 2016 Server.
As you can see, we have created the SMB share on an absolutely free Hyper-V 2016 Server. You can create your own file servers in your home lab or experimental environment right now. However, it must not be used for commercial purposes, because that would mean the violation of your license agreement.
In the next post, we will try to setup a Failover Cluster to create a highly available file server using VSAN from StarWind.
- Hyper-V: Free "Shared Nothing" SMB3 Failover File Server
- What is Key Storage Drive in Windows Server 2016 Hyper-V?
- Simplify storage management with Microsoft Systems Center VMM (SCVMM) and SMI-S - March 8, 2018
- Creating ESXi VMs on the Windows based NFS share - March 7, 2018
- Improve your Cluster Shared Volume security with Microsoft BitLocker - January 4, 2018
- Free SMB3 Failover File Server on Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2016 - August 3, 2017
- Free SMB3 File Server on Hyper-V 2016 - July 28, 2017


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Quality, Reliability & Great Value
Office Telephone
01438 742 664
24 Hour Contact
07870 987 817
ACE Garage Doors supply and fit the finest quality Garage Door repair on the market. We continually strive for the highest possible standard of customer satisfaction. We cover all areas of Essex and have many satisfied customers in Loughton in particular.
We supply, fit, repair and service every type of garage door on the market from manual doors on a budget to top of the range, fully automated roller shutters. We are happy to tackle any size job from a broken spring to supplying multiple Garage Door repair for new housing projects.
If you are looking for high quality Garage Door repair then contact ACE Garage Doors for a FREE QUOTE today.
There really is nothing worse than returning home with a car full of shopping when the rain is pouring down. In the time it takes you to get out of the car to unlock and open the garage, you're already soaked through, a roller garage door is the ideal solution to this problem. Better still, should your house have an integral garage, you can unload the shopping and take it through to the house without getting a single drop of rain on you. However, if you haven't had your roller garage door serviced for a long time it could fail to operate as it should, fortunately ACE Garage Doors repairs service in Loughton are on hand to keep your roller garage door operating smoothly.
ACE Garage Doors Repairs can visit your Loughton property to carry out a routine service or repair to your roller garage door. By keeping the mechanism well lubricated and free of contaminants that can and will build up over time, you will reduce the need for regular repair works, but like anything, the motor may require repair or replacement at some point. ACE Garage Doors repairs service will only ever use manufacturer approved spare parts to repair your roller garage door in Loughton, ensuring that any manufacturer warranty remains intact.
Loughton is a town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of Essex. It is situated between 11 and 13 miles north east of Charing Cross in London, south of the M25 ring road and west of the M11 motorway.
Loughton has boundaries with Chingford, Waltham Abbey, Theydon Bois, Chigwell and Buckhurst Hill. Loughton includes three conservation areas and there are fifty six listed buildings in the Loughton itself, together with a further 50 locally listed. The parish of Loughton covers an area of about 3,724 acres, of which over 1,300 acres are part of Epping Forest. The ancient parish of Loughton contained over 3,900 acres, but in 1996 some parts of the south of the old parish were transferred to Buckhurst Hill parish, and other small portions to Chigwell and Theydon Bois.
At the time of the 2001 census Loughton had a population of about 30,340. It is the most populated civil parish in the Epping Forest district, and within Essex it is the second most populated civil parish and the second largest in area. In a nutshell, Loughton have a large surface area with a lot of garages in need of repair.
So if you are looking for a top quality company who carry out garage door repair in the Loughton area, look no further than ACE Garage Doors.
If you would like a FREE QUOTE then please contact us on 01438 742 664 or email us at email@example.com and we will be in touch as soon as possible.
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AQ Skin Solutions Eye Serum – Eye Rejuvenating System
Tackle the appearance of dark circles and signs of ageing surrounding eyes such as 'crow's feet', wrinkles and fine lines with AQ Solutions Eye Serum. This serum utilises a gentle formula to promote smoother looking skin.
Using clean hands, press the dispenser pump half way down to dispense a small amount of serum onto your fingertips. Apply to freshly cleansed skin – focusing on the under-eye with a gentle circular motion until the serum is absorbed. For optimum results, apply morning and night.
Delivery Options
Free delivery on all orders over £100. Delivery costs £5.95 for orders under £100.
Key Active Ingredients
Water (Aqua), Human Fibroblast Conditioned Media, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8, Glycerin, Hesperidin Methyl Chalcone, Steareth-20, Dipeptide-2, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Butylene Glycol, Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Seed Extract, Polysorbate 20, Chrysin, N-Hydroxysuccinimide, Palmitoyl Oligopeptide, Aminoethylphosphinic Acid, Xanthan Gum, Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract, Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Extract, Lactic Acid, Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil, Phenoxyethanol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Caprylyl Glycol.