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Cleveland Indians
|Cleveland Indians
|2015 Cleveland Indians season
|Major league affiliations
|Current uniform
|Retired numbers
|3 · 5 · 14 · 18 · 19 · 21 · 42 · 455
|Other nicknames
|Major league titles
|World Series titles (2)
|1948 · 1920
|AL Pennants (5)
|1997 · 1995 · 1954 · 1948 · 1920
|Central Division titles (7)
|2007 · 2001 · 1999 · 1998 · 1997 · 1996 · 1995
|Wild card berths (1)
|Front office
Larry Dolan
Paul Dolan
|Terry Francona
|General Manager
|Chris Antonetti
The Cleveland Indians are a professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
They are in the Central Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Since 1994, they have played in Progressive Field (formerly known as Jacobs Field). The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona.[1] Since their establishment as a Major League franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships, in 1920 and 1948.
The "Indians" name originates from a request by the club owner to decide on a new name, following the 1914 season. In reference to the Boston Braves (now the Atlanta Braves), the media chose "the Indians". Common nicknames for the Indians include the "Tribe" and the "Wahoos", the latter being a reference to their logo, Chief Wahoo. The mascot is called Slider.
The Cleveland team originated in 1900 as the Lake Shores, when the American League (AL) was officially a minor league. One of the AL's eight charter franchises, the major league incarnation of the club was founded in Cleveland in 1901. Originally called the Cleveland Bluebirds, the team played in League Park until moving permanently to Cleveland Municipal Stadium in 1946. At the end of the 2014 season, they had a regular season franchise record of 9,015–8,688 (.509). The Indians have won seven AL Central titles, the most in the division.
- 1 Cleveland baseball prior to the Indians franchise
2 Franchise history
- 2.1 1894–1935: Beginning to middle
- 2.2 1936–1946: Bob Feller enters the show
- 2.3 1946–49: The Bill Veeck years
- 2.4 The 1950s: Near misses
- 2.5 1960–1993: The 30-year slump
- 2.6 1994–2000: New beginnings
- 2.7 2002–2010: The Shapiro/Wedge years
- 2.8 2011–present: Antonetti/Francona era
- 3 Season-by-season results
- 4 Rivalries
- 5 Uniforms
- 6 Fan support
- 7 Nickname and logo controversy
- 8 Media
- 9 Tribe in Popular Culture
- 10 Awards and honors
- 11 Indians Groundskeeper Hall of Famer: Emil Bossard
- 12 Franchise records
- 13 Current roster
- 14 Minor league affiliations
- 15 References
- 16 External links
Cleveland baseball prior to the Indians franchise
"In 1857 baseball games were a daily spectacle in Cleveland's Public Squares. City authorities tried to find an ordinance forbidding it, to the joy of the crowd, they were unsuccessful. – Harold Seymour" [2]
- 1865–1868 Forest Citys of Cleveland (Minor League)
- 1869–1872 Forest Citys of Cleveland
From 1865 to 1868 Forest Citys was an amateur ball club. During the 1869 season, Cleveland was among several cities which established professional baseball teams following the success of the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team. In the newspapers before and after 1870, the team was often called the Forest Citys, in the same generic way that the team from Chicago was sometimes called The Chicagos.
In 1871 the Forest Citys joined the new National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NA), the first professional league. Ultimately, two of the league's western clubs went out of business during the first season and the Chicago Fire left that city's White Stockings impoverished, unable to field a team again until 1874. Cleveland was thus the NA's westernmost outpost in 1872, the year the club folded. Cleveland played their full schedule to July 19 followed by two games versus Boston in mid-August and disbanded at the end of the season.[3]
- 1879–1881 Cleveland Forest Citys
- 1882–1884 Cleveland Blues
In 1876, the National League (NL) supplanted the NA as the major professional league. Cleveland were not among its charter members, but by 1879 the league was looking for new entries and the city gained an NL team. The Cleveland Forest Citys baseball team was then re-created. The National League required distinct colors for the 1882 season, so the Cleveland Forest Citys became the Cleveland Blues. They then had a mediocre record for six seasons and were ruined by a trade war with the Union Association (UA) in 1884, when its three best players (Fred Dunlap, Jack Glasscock, and Jim McCormick) jumped to the UA after being offered higher salaries. Cleveland Blues merged with the St. Louis Maroons UA team in 1885.
- 1887–1899 Cleveland Spiders — nickname "Blues"
Cleveland went without major league baseball for two seasons until gaining a team in the American Association (AA) in 1887. After the AA's Allegheny club jumped to the NL Cleveland followed suit in 1889, as the AA began to crumble. The Cleveland ball club, named the Spiders (supposedly inspired by their "skinny and spindly" players) slowly became a power in the league.[4] The next year the Spiders moved into League Park, which would serve as the home of Cleveland professional baseball for the next 55 years. Led by native Ohioan Cy Young, the Spiders became a contender in the mid-1890s, when they played in the Temple Cup Series (that era's World Series) twice, winning it in 1895. The team began to fade after this success, and was dealt a severe blow under the ownership of the Robison brothers.
Prior to the 1899 season, Frank Robison, the Spiders owner, bought the St. Louis Browns, thus owning two clubs at the same time. The Browns were renamed the "Perfectos", and restocked with Cleveland talent. Just weeks before the season opener, most of the better Spiders players were transferred to St. Louis, including three future Hall of Famers: Cy Young, Jesse Burkett and Bobby Wallace. [5] The roster maneuvers failed to create a powerhouse Perfectos team, as St. Louis finished fifth in both 1899 and 1900. The Spiders were left with essentially a minor league lineup, and began to lose games at a record pace. Drawing almost no fans at home, they ended up playing most of their season on the road, and became known as "The Wanderers."[6] The team ended the season in 12th place, 84 games out of first place, with an all-time worst record of 20 wins and 134 losses (.130 winning percentage).[7] Following the 1899 season, the National League disbanded four teams, including the Cleveland franchise. The disastrous 1899 season would actually be a step toward a new future for Cleveland fans the next year.
- 1890, Cleveland Infants — nickname "Babes"
The Cleveland Infants were in the Players' League. The League was well-attended, at least in some cities, but was underfunded and its owners lacked the confidence to continue beyond the one season. There were eight teams who were star-studded; the Boston franchise won the championship. The Cleveland Infants finished with 55 wins and 75 losses. Their home games were played at Brotherhood Park.[8]
Franchise history
1894–1935: Beginning to middle
The Grand Rapids Rustlers were founded in Michigan in 1894 and were in the Western League. In 1900 the team moved to Cleveland and was named the Cleveland Lake Shores. Around the same time Ban Johnson changed the name of his minor league (Western League) to the American League. In 1900 the American League was still considered a minor league. In 1901 team was renamed the Cleveland Bluebirds when the American League broke with the National Agreement and declared itself a competing Major League. The Cleveland franchise was among its eight charter members.
The new team was owned by coal magnate Charles Somers and tailor Jack Kilfoyl. Somers, a wealthy industrialist and also co-owner of the Boston Americans, lent money to other team owners, including Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics, to keep them and the new league afloat. Players didn't think the name "Bluebirds" was suitable for a baseball team.[9] Writers frequently shortened it to Cleveland Blues due to the players' all-blue uniforms,[10] but the players didn't like this unofficial name either. The players themselves tried to change the name to Cleveland Bronchos (or Broncos) in 1902, but this unofficial name never really caught on.[9]
The Bluebirds suffered from financial problems in their first two seasons. This led Somers to seriously consider moving to either Pittsburgh or Cincinnati. Relief came in 1902 as a result of the conflict between the National and American Leagues. In 1901, Napoleon "Nap" Lajoie, the Philadelphia Phillies' star second baseman, jumped to the A's after his contract was capped at $2,400 per year—one of the highest-profile players to jump to the upstart AL. The Phillies subsequently filed an injunction to force Lajoie's return, which was granted by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. The injunction appeared to doom any hopes of an early settlement between the warring leagues. However, a lawyer discovered that the injunction was only enforceable in the state of Pennsylvania.[9] Mack, partly to thank Somers for his past financial support, agreed to trade Lajoie to the then-moribund Blues, who offered $25,000 salary over three years.[11] Due to the injunction, however, Lajoie had to sit out any games played against the A's in Philadelphia.[12] Lajoie arrived in Cleveland on June 4 and was an immediate hit, drawing 10,000 fans to League Park. Soon afterward, he was named team captain, and in 1903 the team was renamed the Cleveland Naps after a newspaper conducted a write-in contest.[9]
Lajoie was named manager in 1905, and the team's fortunes improved somewhat. They finished half a game short of the pennant in 1908.[13] However, the success did not last and Lajoie resigned during the 1909 season as manager but remained on as a player.[14]
After that, the team began to unravel, leading Kilfoyl to sell his share of the team to Somers. Cy Young, who returned to Cleveland in 1909, was ineffective for most of his three remaining years[15] and Addie Joss died from tubercular meningitis prior to the 1911 season.[16]
Despite a strong lineup anchored by the potent Lajoie and Shoeless Joe Jackson, poor pitching kept the team below third place for most of the next decade. One reporter referred to the team as the Napkins, "because they fold up so easily". In 1912 the team's name was changed to "Cleveland Molly McGuires" after the coal miners who were trying to establish a union and were regarded as "heroes". The name lasted only three years. The team hit bottom in 1914 and 1915, finishing in the cellar both years.[17][18]
1915 brought significant changes to the team. Lajoie, nearly 40 years old was no longer a top hitter in the league, batting only .258 in 1914. With Lajoie engaged in a feud with manager Joe Birmingham, the team sold Lajoie back to the A's.[19]
With Lajoie gone, the Molly McGuires now needed a new nickname. Somers asked the local newspapers to come up with a new name, and based on their input, the team was renamed the Cleveland Indians.[20] Legend has it that the team honored Louis Sockalexis when it assumed its current name in 1915. Sockalexis, a Native American, had played in Cleveland 1897–99. Research indicates that this legend is mostly untrue, and that the new name was a play on the name of the Boston Braves, then known as the "Miracle Braves" after going from last place on July 4 to a sweep in the 1914 World Series. Proponents of the name acknowledged that the Cleveland Spiders of the National League had sometimes been informally called the "Indians" during Sockalexis' short career there, a fact which merely reinforced the new name.[21]
At the same time, Somers' business ventures began to fail, leaving him deeply in debt. With the Indians playing poorly, attendance and revenue suffered.[22] Somers decided to trade Jackson midway through the 1915 season for two players and $31,500, one of the largest sums paid for a player at the time.[23]
By 1916, Somers was at the end of his tether, and sold the team to a syndicate headed by Chicago railroad contractor James C. "Jack" Dunn.[22] Manager Lee Fohl, who had taken over in early 1915, acquired two minor league pitchers, Stan Coveleski and Jim Bagby and traded for center fielder Tris Speaker, who was engaged in a salary dispute with the Red Sox.[24] All three would ultimately become key players in bringing a championship to Cleveland.
Speaker took over the reins as player-manager in 1919, and would lead the team to a championship in 1920. On August 16, the Indians were playing the Yankees at the Polo Grounds in New York. Shortstop Ray Chapman, who often crowded the plate, was batting against Carl Mays, who had an unusual underhand delivery. It was also late in the afternoon and the infield would have been in shadow with the center field area (the batters' background) bathed in sunlight. As well, at the time, "part of every pitcher's job was to dirty up a new ball the moment it was thrown onto the field. By turns, they smeared it with dirt, licorice, tobacco juice; it was deliberately scuffed, sandpapered, scarred, cut, even spiked. The result was a misshapen, earth-colored ball that traveled through the air erratically, tended to soften in the later innings, and as it came over the plate, was very hard to see."[25]
In any case, Chapman did not move reflexively when Mays' pitch came his way. The pitch hit Chapman in the head, fracturing his skull. Chapman died the next day, becoming the only player to sustain a fatal injury from a pitched ball.[26] The Indians, who at the time were locked in a tight three-way pennant race with the Yankees and White Sox,[27] were not slowed down by the death of their teammate. Rookie Joe Sewell hit .329 after replacing Chapman in the lineup.[28]
In September 1920, the Black Sox Scandal came to a boil. With just a few games left in the season, and Cleveland and Chicago neck-and-neck for first place at 94–54 and 95–56 respectively,[29][30] the Chicago owner suspended eight players. The White Sox lost two of three in their final series, while Cleveland won four and lost 2 in their final two series. Cleveland finished two games ahead of Chicago and three games ahead of the Yankees to win its first pennant, led by Speaker's .388 hitting, Jim Bagby's 30 victories and solid performances from Steve O'Neill and Stan Coveleski. Cleveland went on to defeat the Brooklyn Robins 5–2 in the World Series for their first title, winning four games in a row after the Robins took a 2–1 Series lead. The Series included three memorable "firsts", all of them in Game 5 at Cleveland, and all by the home team. In the first inning, right fielder Elmer Smith hit the first Series grand slam. In the fourth inning, Jim Bagby hit the first Series home run by a pitcher. And in the top of the fifth inning, second baseman Bill Wambsganss executed the first (and only, so far) unassisted triple play in World Series history, in fact the only Series triple play of any kind.
The team would not reach the heights of 1920 again for 28 years. Speaker and Coveleski were aging and the Yankees were rising with a new weapon: Alva Bradley.
1936–1946: Bob Feller enters the show
The Indians were a middling team by the 1930s, finishing third or fourth most years. 1936 brought Cleveland a new superstar in 17-year old pitcher Bob Feller, who came from Iowa with a dominating fastball. That season, Feller set a record with 17 strikeouts in a single game and went on to lead the league in strikeouts from 1938–1941.
On August 20, 1938, Indians catchers Hank Helf and Frank Pytlak set the "all-time altitude mark" by catching baseballs dropped from the 708-foot Terminal Tower.[31]
By 1940, Feller, along with Ken Keltner, Mel Harder and Lou Boudreau led the Indians to within one game of the pennant. However, the team was wracked with dissension, with some players (including Feller and Mel Harder) going so far as to request that Bradley fire manager Ossie Vitt. Reporters lampooned them as the Cleveland Crybabies.[32] Feller, who had pitched a no-hitter to open the season and won 27 games, lost the final game of the season to unknown pitcher Floyd Giebell of the Detroit Tigers. The Tigers won the pennant and Giebell never won another major league game.[33]
Cleveland entered 1941 with a young team and a new manager; Roger Peckinpaugh had replaced the despised Vitt; but the team regressed, finishing in fourth. Cleveland would soon be depleted of two stars. Hal Trosky retired in 1941 due to migraine headaches[34] and Bob Feller enlisted in the Navy two days after the Attack on Pearl Harbor. Starting third baseman Ken Keltner and outfielder Ray Mack were both drafted in 1945 taking two more starters out of the lineup.[35]
1946–49: The Bill Veeck years
In 1946, Bill Veeck formed an investment group that purchased the Cleveland Indians from Bradley's group for a reported $1.6 million.[36] Among the investors was Bob Hope, who had grown up in Cleveland, and former Tigers slugger, Hank Greenberg.[37] A former owner of a minor league franchise in Milwaukee, Veeck brought to Cleveland a gift for promotion. At one point, Veeck hired rubber-faced[38] Max Patkin, the "Clown Prince of Baseball" as a coach. Patkin's appearance in the coaching box was the sort of promotional stunt that delighted fans but infuriated the American League front office.
Recognizing that he had acquired a solid team, Veeck soon abandoned the aging, small and lightless League Park to take up full-time residence in massive Cleveland Municipal Stadium.[39] The Indians had briefly moved from League Park to Municipal Stadium in mid-1932, but moved back to League Park due to complaints about the cavernous environment. From 1936 onward, however, the Indians began playing an increasing number of games at Municipal, until by 1940 they played most of their home slate there.[40] League Park was demolished in 1951, although a portion of the original ticket booth remains.[41]
Making the most of the cavernous stadium, Veeck had a portable center field fence installed, which he could move in or out depending on how the distance favored the Indians against their opponents in a given series. The fence moved as much as 15 feet (5 m) between series opponents. Following the 1947 season, the American League countered with a rule change that fixed the distance of an outfield wall for the duration of a season. The massive stadium did, however, permit the Indians to set the then record for the largest crowd to see a Major League baseball game. On October 10, 1948, Game 5 of the World Series against the Boston Braves drew over 84,000. The record stood until the Los Angeles Dodgers drew a crowd in excess of 92,500 to watch Game 5 of the 1959 World Series at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum against the Chicago White Sox.
Under Veeck's leadership, one of Cleveland's most significant achievements was breaking the color barrier in the American League by signing Larry Doby, formerly a player for the Negro League's Newark Eagles in 1947, eleven weeks after Jackie Robinson signed with the Dodgers.[39] Similar to Robinson, Doby battled racism on and off the field but posted a .301 batting average in 1948, his first full season. A power-hitting center fielder, Doby led the American League twice in homers.
In 1948, needing pitching for the stretch run of the pennant race, Veeck turned to the Negro League again and signed pitching great Satchel Paige amid much controversy.[39] Barred from Major League Baseball during his prime, Veeck's signing of the aging star in 1948 was viewed by many as another publicity stunt. At an official age of 42, Paige became the oldest rookie in Major League baseball history, and the first black pitcher. Paige ended the year with a 6–1 record with a 2.48 ERA, 45 strikeouts and two shutouts.[42]
In 1948, veterans Boudreau, Keltner, and Joe Gordon had career offensive seasons, while newcomers Doby and Gene Bearden also had standout seasons. The team went down to the wire with the Boston Red Sox, winning a one-game playoff, the first in American League history, to go to the World Series. In the series, the Indians defeated the Boston Braves four games to two for their first championship in 28 years. Boudreau won the American League MVP Award.
The Indians would appear in a film the following [39] That season, Cleveland again contended before falling to third place. On September 23, 1949, Bill Veeck and the Indians buried their 1948 pennant in center field the day after they were mathematically eliminated from the pennant race.[39]
Later in 1949, Veeck's first wife (who had a half-stake in Veeck's share of the team) divorced him. With most of his money tied up in the Indians, Veeck was forced to sell the team[44] to a syndicate headed by insurance magnate Ellis Ryan.
The 1950s: Near misses
Ryan was forced out in 1953 in favor of Myron Wilson, who in turn gave way to William Daley in 1956. Despite this turnover in the ownership, a powerhouse team composed of Feller, Doby, Minnie Miñoso, Luke Easter, Bobby Ávila, Al Rosen, Early Wynn, Bob Lemon, and Mike Garcia continued to contend through the early 1950s. However, Cleveland only won a single pennant in the decade, in 1954, finishing second to the New York Yankees five times.
The winningest season in franchise history came in 1954, when the Indians finished the season with a record of 111–43 (.721). That mark set an American League record for wins which stood for 44 years until the Yankees won 114 games in 1998 (a 162-game regular season). The Indians 1954 winning percentage of .721 is still an American League record. The Indians returned to the World Series to face the New York Giants. The team could not bring home the title, however, ultimately being upset by the Giants in a sweep. The series was notable for Willie Mays' over-the-shoulder catch off the bat of Vic Wertz in Game 1.
1960–1993: The 30-year slump
From 1960 to 1993, the Indians managed one third-place finish (in 1968) and six fourth-place finishes (in 1960, 1974 to 1976, 1990, and 1992) but spent the rest of the time at or near the bottom of the standings.
Frank Lane becomes general manager
The Indians hired general manager Frank Lane, known as "Trader" Lane, away from the St. Louis Cardinals in 1957. Lane over the years had gained a reputation as a GM who loved to make deals. With the White Sox, Lane had made over 100 trades involving over 400 players in seven years.[45] In a short stint in St. Louis, he traded away Red Schoendienst and Harvey Haddix.[45] Lane summed up his philosophy when he said that the only deals he regretted were the ones that he didn't make.[46]
One of Lane's early trades in Cleveland was to send Roger Maris to the Kansas City Athletics in the middle of 1958. Indians executive Hank Greenberg was not happy about the trade[47] and neither was Maris, who said that he could not stand Lane.[47] After Maris broke Babe Ruth's home run record, Lane defended himself by saying he still would have done the deal because Maris was unknown and he received good ballplayers in exchange.[47]
After the Maris trade, Lane acquired 25-year old Norm Cash from the White Sox for Minnie Miñoso and then traded him to Detroit before he ever played a game for the Indians; Cash went on to hit over 350 home runs for the Tigers. The Indians received Steve Demeter in the deal, who would have only five at-bats for Cleveland.[48]
Curse of Rocky Colavito
In 1960, Lane made the trade that would define his tenure in Cleveland when he dealt slugging right fielder and fan favorite[49] Rocky Colavito to the Detroit Tigers for Harvey Kuenn just before Opening Day in 1960.
It was a blockbuster trade that swapped the 1959 AL home run co-champion (Colavito) for the AL batting champion (Kuenn). After the trade, however, Colavito hit over 30 home runs four times and made three All-Star teams for Detroit and Kansas City before returning to Cleveland in 1965. Kuenn, on the other hand, would play only one season for the Indians before departing for San Francisco in a trade for an aging Johnny Antonelli and Willie Kirkland. Akron Beacon Journal columnist Terry Pluto documented the decades of woe that followed the trade in his book The Curse of Rocky Colavito.[50] Despite being attached to the curse, Colavito said that he never placed a curse on the Indians but that the trade was prompted by a salary dispute with Lane.[51]
Lane also engineered a unique trade of managers in mid-season 1960, sending Joe Gordon to the Tigers in exchange for Jimmy Dykes. Lane left the team in 1961, but ill-advised trades continued. In 1965, the Indians traded pitcher Tommy John, who would go on to win 288 games in his career, and 1966 Rookie of the Year Tommy Agee to the White Sox to get Colavito back.[51]
1969 Move to the East Division
The 1970s were not much better, with the Indians trading away several future stars, including Graig Nettles, Dennis Eckersley, Buddy Bell and 1971 Rookie of the Year Chris Chambliss,[52] for a number of players who made no impact.[53]
Constant ownership changes did not help the Indians. In 1963, Daley's syndicate sold the team to a group headed by general manager Al Rosen, Stouffer sold the team in 1972 to a group led by Cleveland Cavaliers and Cleveland Barons owner Nick Mileti.[55] Steinbrenner went on to buy the New York Yankees in 1973.[56]
Only five years later, Mileti's group sold the team for $11 million to a syndicate headed by trucking magnate Steve O'Neill and including former general manager and owner Gabe Paul.[57] O'Neill's death in 1983 led to the team going on the market once more. His son, Patrick O'Neill, did not find a buyer until real estate magnates Richard and David Jacobs purchased the team in 1986.
The team was unable to move out of the cellar, with losing seasons between 1969 and 1975. One highlight was the acquisition of Gaylord Perry in 1972. The Indians traded fireballer "Sudden Sam" McDowell for Perry, who became the first Indian pitcher to win the Cy Young Award. In 1975, Cleveland broke another color barrier with the hiring of Frank Robinson as Major League Baseball's first African American manager. Robinson served as player-manager and would provide a franchise highlight when he hit a pinch hit home run on Opening Day. But the high profile signing of Wayne Garland, a 20-game winner in Baltimore, proved to be a disaster after Garland suffered from shoulder problems and went 28–48 over five years.[58] The team failed to improve with Robinson as manager and he was fired in 1977. In 1977, pitcher Dennis Eckersley threw a no-hitter against the California Angels. The next season, he would be dealt to the Boston Red Sox where he won 20 games in 1978 and another 17 in 1979.
The 1970s also featured the infamous Ten Cent Beer Night at Cleveland Municipal Stadium. The ill-conceived promotion at a 1974 game against the Texas Rangers ended in a riot by fans and a forfeit by the Indians.[59]
There were more bright spots in the 1980s. In May 1981, Len Barker threw a perfect game against the Toronto Blue Jays, joining Addie Joss as the only other Indian pitcher to do so.[60] "Super Joe" Charbonneau won the American League Rookie of the Year award. Unfortunately, Charboneau was out of baseball by 1983 after falling victim to back injuries[61] and Barker, who was also hampered by injuries, never became a consistently dominant starting pitcher.[60]
Eventually, the Indians traded Barker to the Atlanta Braves for Brett Butler and Brook Jacoby,[60] who would become mainstays of the team for the remainder of the decade. Butler and Jacoby were joined by Joe Carter, Mel Hall, Julio Franco and Cory Snyder, which brought new hope to fans in the late 1980s.[62]
Cleveland's struggles over the 30-year span were highlighted in the 1989 film Major League, which comically depicted a hapless Cleveland ball club going from worst to first by the end of the film.
Organizational turnaround
Throughout the 1980s, the Indians' owners had pushed for a new stadium. Cleveland Stadium had been a symbol of the Indians' glory years in the 1940s and 1950s. However, during the lean years even crowds of 40,000 were swallowed up by the cavernous environment. The old stadium was not aging gracefully; chunks of concrete were falling off in sections and the old wooden pilings now petrified.[63] In 1984, a proposal for a $150 million domed stadium was defeated in a referendum 2–1.[64]
Finally, in May 1990, Cuyahoga County voters passed an excise tax on sales of alcohol and cigarettes in the county. The tax proceeds would be used to finance the building of the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex which would include Jacobs Field and Gund Arena for the Cleveland Cavaliers basketball team.[65] The team had new ownership and a new stadium on the way. They now needed a winning team.
The team's fortunes started to turn in 1989, ironically with a very unpopular trade. The team sent power-hitting outfielder Joe Carter to the San Diego Padres for two unproven players, Sandy Alomar, Jr. and Carlos Baerga. Alomar made an immediate impact, not only being elected to the All-Star team but also winning Cleveland's fourth Rookie of the Year award and a Gold Glove. Baerga would become a three-time All-Star with consistent offensive production.
Indians general manager John Hart made a number of moves that would finally bring success to the team. In 1991, he hired former Indian Mike Hargrove to manage and traded catcher Eddie Taubensee to the Houston Astros who, with a surplus of outfielders, were willing to part with Kenny Lofton. Lofton finished second in AL Rookie of the Year balloting with a .285 average and 66 stolen bases.
The Indians were named "Organization of the Year" by Baseball America[66] in 1992, in response to the appearance of offensive bright spots and an improving farm system.
The team suffered a tragedy during spring training of 1993, when a boat carrying pitchers Steve Olin, Tim Crews, and Bob Ojeda crashed into a pier. Olin and Crews were killed, and Ojeda was seriously injured. (Ojeda missed most of the season, and would retire the following year).[67]
By the end of the 1993 season, the team was in transition, leaving Cleveland Stadium and fielding a talented nucleus of young players. Many of those players came from the Indians' new AAA farm team, the Charlotte Knights, who won the International League title that year.
1994–2000: New beginnings
1994: Jacobs Field opens
Indians General Manager John Hart and team owner Richard Jacobs managed to turn the team's fortunes around. The Indians opened Jacobs Field in 1994 with the aim of improving on the prior season's sixth-place finish. The Indians were only one game behind the division-leading Chicago White Sox on August 12 when a players strike wiped out the rest of the season.
1995 season: first Pennant since 1954
Having contended for the division in the aborted 1994 season, Cleveland sprinted to a 100–44 record (18 games were lost to player/owner negotiations) in 1995 winning its first ever divisional title. Veterans Dennis Martínez, Orel Hershiser and Eddie Murray combined with a young core of players including Albert Belle, Jim Thome, Manny Ramírez and Charles Nagy to lead the league in team batting average as well as team ERA.
After defeating the Boston Red Sox in the Division Series and the Seattle Mariners in the ALCS, Cleveland clinched a World Series berth, for the first time since 1954. The World Series ended in disappointment with the Indians falling in six games to the Atlanta Braves.
The Indians repeated as AL Central champions in 1996, but lost to the Baltimore Orioles in the Division Series. Notably in 1996, tickets for every home game for the Indians sold out before opening day.
1997: One inning away
In 1997 Cleveland started slow but finished with an 86–75 record. Taking their third consecutive AL Central title, the Indians defeated the New York Yankees in the Division Series, 3–2. After defeating the Baltimore Orioles in the ALCS, Cleveland went on to face the Florida Marlins in the World Series which featured the coldest game in World Series history. With the series tied after Game Six, the Indians went into the ninth inning of Game Seven with a 2–1 lead, but closer José Mesa allowed the Marlins to tie the game. In the eleventh inning, Edgar Rentería drove in the winning run giving the Marlins their first championship. Cleveland became the first team to lose the World Series after carrying the lead into the ninth inning of the seventh game.
In 1998, the Indians made the playoffs for the fourth straight year. After defeating the wild-card Boston Red Sox 3–1 in the Division Series, Cleveland lost the 1998 ALCS in six games to the New York Yankees, who had come into the playoffs with a then-AL record 114 wins in the regular season.[68]
For the 1999 season, Cleveland added relief pitcher Ricardo Rincón and second baseman Roberto Alomar, brother of catcher Sandy Alomar, Jr,[69] and won the Central Division title for the fifth consecutive year. The team scored 1,009 runs, becoming the first (and to date only) team since the 1950 Boston Red Sox to score more than 1,000 runs in a season. This time, Cleveland did not make it past the first round, losing the Division Series to the Red Sox, despite taking a 2–0 lead in the series. In game three, Indians starter Dave Burba went down with an injury in the 4th inning.[70] Four pitchers, including presumed game four starter Jaret Wright, surrendered nine runs in relief. Without a long reliever or emergency starter on the playoff roster, Hargrove started both Bartolo Colón and Charles Nagy in games four and five on only three days rest.[70] The Indians lost game four 23–7 and game five 12–8.[71] Four days later, Hargrove was dismissed as manager.[72]
In 2000, the Indians had a 44–42 start, but caught fire after the All Star break and went 46–30 the rest of the way to finish 90–72. The team had one of the league's best offenses that year and a defense that yielded three gold gloves. However, they ended up five games behind the Chicago White Sox in the Central division and missed the wild card by one game to the Seattle Mariners. Mid-season trades brought Bob Wickman and Jake Westbrook to Cleveland. After the season and free agent outfielder Manny Ramírez departed for the Boston Red Sox.
In 2000, Larry Dolan bought the Indians for $320 million from Richard Jacobs, who, along with his late brother David, had paid $45 million for the club in 1986. The sale set a record at the time for the sale of a baseball franchise.[73]
2001 saw a return to the playoffs. After the departures of Ramírez and Sandy Alomar, Jr., the Indians signed Ellis Burks and former MVP Juan González, who helped the team win the Central division with a 91–71 record. One of the highlights came on August 5, when the Indians completed the biggest comeback in MLB History. Cleveland rallied to close a 14–2 deficit in the seventh inning to defeat the Seattle Mariners 15–14 in 11 innings. The Mariners, who won a MLB record-tying 116 games that season, had a strong bullpen, and Indians manager Charlie Manuel had already pulled many of his starters with the game seemingly out of reach.
Seattle and Cleveland met in the first round of the playoffs, however the Mariners won the series 3–2. In the 2001–02 offseason, GM John Hart resigned and his assistant, Mark Shapiro, took the reins.
2002–2010: The Shapiro/Wedge years
First "rebuilding of the team"
Shapiro moved to rebuild by dealing aging veterans for younger talent. He traded Roberto Alomar to the New York Mets for a package that included outfielder Matt Lawton and prospects Alex Escobar and Billy Traber. When the team fell out of contention in mid-2002, Shapiro fired manager Charlie Manuel and traded pitching ace Bartolo Colón for prospects Brandon Phillips, Cliff Lee, and Grady Sizemore; acquired Travis Hafner from the Rangers for Ryan Drese and Einar Díaz; and picked up Coco Crisp from the St. Louis Cardinals for aging starter Chuck Finley. Jim Thome left after the season, going to the Phillies for a larger contract.
Young Indians teams finished far out of contention in 2002 and 2003 under new manager Eric Wedge. They posted strong offensive numbers in 2004, but continued to struggle with a bullpen that blew more than 20 saves. A highlight of the season was a 22–0 victory over the New York Yankees on August 31, one of the worst defeats suffered by the Yankees in team history.[74]
In early 2005, the offense got off to a poor start. After a brief July slump, the Indians caught fire in August, and cut a 15.5 game deficit in the Central Division down to 1.5 games. However, the season came to an end as the Indians went on to lose six of their last seven games, five of them by one run, missing the playoffs by only two games. Shapiro was named Executive of the Year in 2005.[75] The next season, the club made several roster changes, while retaining its nucleus of young players. The off-season was highlighted by the acquisition of top prospect Andy Marte from the Boston Red Sox. The Indians had a solid offensive season, led by career years from Travis Hafner and Grady Sizemore. Hafner, despite missing the last month of the season, tied the single season grand slam record of six, which was set in 1987 by Don Mattingly.[76] Despite the solid offensive performance, the bullpen struggled with 23 blown saves (a Major League worst), and the Indians finished a disappointing fourth.[77]
In 2007, Shapiro signed veteran help for the bullpen and outfield in the offseason. Veterans Aaron Fultz and Joe Borowski joined Rafael Betancourt in the Indians bullpen.[78] The Indians improved significantly over the prior year and went into the All-Star break in second place. The team brought back Kenny Lofton for his third stint with the team in late July.[79] The Indians finished with a 96–66 record tied with the Red Sox for best in baseball, their seventh Central Division title in 13 years and their first postseason trip since 2001.[80]
The Indians began their playoff run by defeating the Yankees in the ALDS three games to one. This series will be most remembered for the swarm of bugs that overtook the field in the later innings of Game Two. They also jumped out to a three-games-to-one lead over the Red Sox in the ALCS. The season ended in disappointment when Boston swept the final three games to advance to the 2007 World Series.[80]
Despite the loss, Cleveland players took home a number of awards. Grady Sizemore, who had a .995 fielding percentage and only two errors in 405 chances, won the Gold Glove award, Cleveland's first since 2001.[81] Indians Pitcher CC Sabathia won the second Cy Young Award in team history with a 19–7 record, a 3.21 ERA and an MLB-leading 241 innings pitched.[82] Eric Wedge was awarded the first Manager of the Year Award in team history.[83] Shapiro was named to his second Executive of the Year in 2007.[75]
Second "rebuilding of the team"
The Indians struggled during the 2008 season. Injuries to sluggers Travis Hafner and Victor Martinez, as well as starting pitchers Jake Westbrook and Fausto Carmona led to a poor start.[84] The Indians, falling to last place for a short time in June and July, traded CC Sabathia to the Milwaukee Brewers for prospects Matt LaPorta, Rob Bryson, and Michael Brantley.[85] and traded starting third basemen, Casey Blake, for catching prospect Carlos Santana.[86] Pitcher Cliff Lee went 22–3 with an ERA of 2.54 and earned the AL Cy Young Award.[87] Grady Sizemore had a career year, winning a Gold Glove and Silver Slugger,[88] and the Indians finished with a record of 81–81.
Prospects for the season dimmed early when the Indians ended May with a record of 22–30. Shapiro made multiple trades: Cliff Lee and Ben Francisco to the Philadelphia Phillies for prospects Jason Knapp, Carlos Carrasco, Jason Donald and Lou Marson; Victor Martinez to the Boston Red Sox for prospects Bryan Price, Nick Hagadone and Justin Masterson; Ryan Garko to the Texas Rangers for Scott Barnes; and Kelly Shoppach to the Tampa Bay Rays for Mitch Talbot. The Indians finished the season tied for fourth in their division, with a record of 65–97. The team announced on September 30, 2009, that Eric Wedge and all of the team's coaching staff would be released at the end of the 2009 season.[89] Manny Acta was hired as the team's 40th manager on October 25, 2009.[90]
On February 18, 2010, it was announced that Shapiro (following the end of the 2010 season) would be promoted to team President, with current President Paul Dolan becoming the new Chairman/CEO, and longtime Shapiro assistant Chris Antonetti filling the GM role.[91]
2011–present: Antonetti/Francona era
On January 18, 2011, longtime popular former first baseman and manager Mike Hargrove was brought in as a special adviser. The Indians started the 2011 season strong – going 30–15 in their first 45 games and seven games ahead of the Detroit Tigers for first place. Injuries led to a slump where the Indians fell out of first place. Many minor leaguers got opportunities such as Jason Kipnis and Lonnie Chisenhall to fill in for the injuries.[92] The biggest news of the season came on July 30 when the Indians traded four prospects for Colorado Rockies star pitcher, Ubaldo Jiménez. The Indians sent their top two pitchers in the minors, Alex White and Drew Pomeranz along with Joe Gardner and Matt McBride.[93] On August 25, the Indians signed the team leader in home runs, Jim Thome off of waivers.[94] He made his first appearance in an Indians uniform since he left Cleveland after the 2002 season. To honor Thome, the Indians placed him at his original position, third base, for one pitch against the Minnesota Twins on September 25. It was his first time playing third base since 1996.[95] This would also be his last appearance as an Indian. The Indians finished the season in 2nd place, 15 games behind the division champion Tigers.[96]
The Indians broke the Opening Day attendance record for Progressive Field with 43,190 against the Toronto Blue Jays on April 5, 2012. The game went on to be the longest opening day game by innings in MLB history. The game was 16 innings and lasted 5 hours and 14 minutes.[97]
On September 27, 2012, with six games left in the Indians' 2012 season, Manny Acta was fired; Sandy Alomar, Jr. was named interim manager for the remainder of the season.[98] On October 6, the Indians announced that Terry Francona, who managed the Boston Red Sox between 2004 and 2011, winning two World Series and leading the team to numerous playoff appearances, would take over as manager of the Indians starting with the 2013 season.[99]
The Indians entered the 2013 season following an active offseason that resulted in a dramatic roster turnover. Key acquisitions included free agent 1B/OF Nick Swisher and CF Michael Bourn.[100] The Indians also added prized right handed pitching prospect Trevor Bauer, OF Drew Stubbs, and relief pitchers Bryan Shaw & Matt Albers in a three-way trade with the Arizona Diamondbacks and Cincinnati Reds that sent RF Shin-Soo Choo to the Reds, and Tony Sipp to the Arizona Diamondbacks[101] Other notable additions included utility man Mike Aviles, C Yan Gomes, DH Jason Giambi, and starting pitcher Scott Kazmir.[100][102] The 2013 Indians were able to increase their win total by 24 over 2012 (from 68 to 92), finishing in second place behind Detroit by one game in the Central Division, and securing the number one seed in the American League Wild Card standings. This marked the Indians' first time in postseason play since 2007. The 2013 season ended for the Indians on October 2, losing 4–0 to the Tampa Bay Rays in the 2013 AL Wild Card Game. The turnaround from 2012 also led to Francona winning the 2013 American League Manager of the Year Award. The Indians had their second consecutive winning season (not done since 2000-2001) in 2014 finishing 85–77. However, they finished third in the A.L. Central and missed the playoffs, having been eliminated from the A.L. Wild Card race during the last weekend of the season.
Season-by-season results
The Ohio Cup was an annual pre-season baseball game, which pitted the Ohio rivals Cleveland Indians and Cincinnati Reds.
In its first series it was a single-game cup, played each year at minor-league Cooper Stadium in Columbus, Ohio, and was staged just days before the start of each new Major League Baseball season. A total of eight Ohio Cup games were played, in 1989 to 1996, with the Indians winning six of them. It stopped because interleague play started in 1997. The winner of the game each year was awarded the Ohio Cup in postgame ceremonies. The Ohio Cup was a favorite among baseball fans in Columbus, with attendances regularly topping 15,000.
In 1997 and after, the two teams competed annually in the regular-season Battle of Ohio/Buckeye Series. In 2008 the Ohio Cup restarted. The Indians lead the interleague series 44–41. The two clubs have played six games against each other every season through 2012, featuring a three game series in each city. Beginning in 2013, the Indians and Reds will only play four games against each other, two in each city.
The Indians also have had an on-and-off rivalry with the Pittsburgh Pirates, as the two teams have played an annual three game series during interleague play in June from 1997–2001, and again from 2009–12. This rivalry stems from the close proximity of the two cities, and features some carryover elements from the longstanding rivalry from the two cities' NFL teams (Browns and Steelers). Beginning in 2013, the Indians and Pirates will only play each other every third season (when the AL Central plays the NL Central), as MLB assigned each team one "permanent rival." The Indians' assigned rival is the Reds.
As the Indians play 19 games every year with their A.L. Central competitors, several rivalries have developed.
The Indians have a rivalry with the Detroit Tigers due to the fact that the two cities are fairly close to each other, the teams have been battling for the A.L. Central championship in recent years, and has some carryover elements from the Ohio State-Michigan rivalry, as well as the general historic rivalry between Michiganders and Ohioans dating back to the "Toledo War."
The Indians have had an on and off rivalry with the Chicago White Sox since the 1959 season (when the Sox slipped past the Tribe to win the A.L. pennant), and has intensified since both clubs moved to the A.L. Central. Probably the most infamous moment in the White Sox rivalry was in 1994 when the White Sox confiscated Albert Belle's corked bat, and the ensuing attempt by Indians pitcher Jason Grimsley to crawl through the Comiskey Park (now U.S. Cellular Field) clubhouse ceiling to retrieve it. Belle later moved to the White Sox in 1997, making the rivalry even more intense.
The Indians also have a divisional rivalry with the Kansas City Royals, mainly due to numerous bench clearing brawls in the recent past. The rivalry has intensified when Indians closer Chris Perez used WWE star John Cena's signature "You can't see me" hand gesture towards KC outfielder Jarrod Dyson after striking him out in a game on May 28, 2012.[103]
- See also: Major League Baseball#MLB uniforms (including image of baseball-cap logos of the 30 MLB franchises)
The Indians' home uniform is white with navy piping around each sleeve. Across the front of the jersey in script font is the word "Indians" in red with a navy outline. The jersey has the Chief Wahoo logo on the left sleeve. The home cap is navy blue with a red bill and features the Chief Wahoo logo on the front.
The road uniform is gray, with "Cleveland" in navy blue block letters trimmed in red is across the front of the jersey, navy blue piping around the sleeves, and the Chief Wahoo logo located on the left sleeve. The road cap is navy blue with a red block "C" on the front.
The alternate home uniform is cream colored with "Indians" across the front in red block lettering with a dark navy blue outline. The Chief Wahoo logo is located on the left sleeve. This jersey is the only Indians jersey to not have the players' names on the back. The alternate home cap is red with a navy blue block "C" on the front. This uniform is worn during weekend and holiday home games.
The alternate road jersey is navy blue with white piping around each sleeve. Script "Indians" is located across the front of the jersey in the same fashion as the home uniform (red lettering with a white outline); the Chief Wahoo logo is on the left sleeve. The alternate road cap is navy blue with the Chief Wahoo logo on the front. The blue jersey is also worn during Tuesday home games with the standard home cap.
For all games, the team will use a navy blue batting helmet with a red block "C" on the front.[104]
Fan support
The Drummer
John Adams, known by baseball fans as "The Drummer", has played a bass drum at nearly every home game since 1973. He is the only fan for whom the team has dedicated a bobble head day.[105] Adams originally paid for his tickets (one for himself, and one for his drum), but recently the Indians have paid for his seats in honor of the contributions he has made to the ballpark atmosphere. He has been featured and interviewed on national TV shows and newspaper articles. [106]
Sellout streak
Between June 12, 1995 and April 4, 2001, the Indians sold out 455 consecutive home games, drawing a total of 19,324,248 fans to Jacobs Field. The demand for tickets was so great that all 81 home games were sold out before Opening Day on at least three separate occasions. The sellout streak set a Major League Baseball record; this was broken by the Boston Red Sox on September 8, 2008, though Boston's Fenway Park is considerably smaller than Progressive Field.[107] One night after the streak ended, the Indians honored the fans by retiring the number 455.
Nickname and logo controversy
The club nickname and its cartoon logo have been criticized for perpetuating Native American stereotypes. In 1997 and 1998, protesters were arrested after effigies were burned. Charges were dismissed in the 1997 case, and were not filed in the 1998 case. Protesters arrested in the 1998 incident subsequently fought and lost a lawsuit alleging that their First Amendment rights had been violated.[108][109][110][111]
The Indians' flagship radio stations are WTAM AM 1100 and WMMS FM 100.7.[112] The broadcast team consists of Longtime "Voice of the Tribe" and six-time NSSA Ohio Sportscaster of the Year Tom Hamilton and Jim Rosenhaus.[113]
The television rights are held by the Fox Sports owned SportsTime Ohio (STO), a network launched in 2006 by the Indians, and purchased by Fox in 2012. Matt Underwood and former Indians Gold Glove winning CF Rick Manning form the announcing team,[113] with Al Pawlowski and former Indians LHP Jason Stanford as pregame/postgame hosts,[114] and Katie Witham as field reporter.[115] Select games are shown on free TV, airing on WKYC channel 3 (NBC) via simulcast.
Notable former Indians broadcasters include Tom Manning, Jack Graney (the first ex-baseball player to become a play-by-play announcer), Ken Coleman, Joe Castiglione, Van Patrick, Nev Chandler, Bruce Drennan, Jim "Mudcat" Grant, Rocky Colavito, and Dan Coughlin. Previous broadcasters who have had lengthy tenures with the team include Joe Tait (15 seasons between TV and radio), Jack Corrigan (18 seasons on TV), Ford C. Frick Award winner Jimmy Dudley (19 seasons on radio), Mike Hegan (23 seasons between TV and radio), and Herb Score (34 seasons between TV and radio).[116]
Tribe in Popular Culture
The Indians over the years have been featured in numerous movies and television shows. Examples include:
- The Kid From Cleveland - a 1949 film featuring then owner Bill Veeck and numerous players from the team (coming off winning the 1948 World Series).
- Major League - a 1989 film centered around a fictionalized version of the team
- Major League II - a 1994 sequel to the original from five years earlier
- In an episode from the 1968 animated series Go Go Gophers titled "The Cleveland Indians", Indian characters Ruffled Feathers and Running Board not only accused the team of not being real Indians and not wearing any feathers, but also called them fakes.[117]
- In the children's book "Danny Dunn, Time Traveler", Danny's role model, a professor, is unable to name any Indian tribe as the one they claimed to Ben Franklin that had captured them. The professor named the only Indian "tribe" he could think of: the Cleveland Indians.
Awards and honors
Baseball Hall of Famers
Ford C. Frick Award recipients
Retired numbers
- Jackie Robinson's number 42 is retired throughout Major League Baseball.
- The number 455 was retired in honor of the Indians fans after the team sold out 455 consecutive games between 1995 and 2001, which was an MLB record until it was surpassed by the Boston Red Sox on September 8, 2008.
Indians Hall of Fame
Team captains
- Nap Lajoie 1903-1914
- Hal Trosky 1939-1941
Indians Groundskeeper Hall of Famer: Emil Bossard
The Cleveland Indians have had only one Hall of Fame groundskeeper in its history. According to David Leighton, historian for the Arizona Daily Star newspaper, it was Emil Bossard, longtime groundskeeper. Bossard began his career in 1911, as groundskeeper for the St. Paul Saints, a minor-league team, that played at Lexington Park, in St. Paul, Minnesota. Around 1936, Bossard was hired by the Cleveland Indians as head groundskeeper for League Park. Ten years later Bill Veeck bought the Indians and the next year moved the team to Cleveland Municipal Stadium. It was during his time with the Tribe that he earned the nickname "Doctor of the Diamond," for his ability to customize the ball field in order to assist his team in winning. In fact, the Cleveland team felt he helped them win so much that they voted him a three-fourths World Series cut of $5,034.45. In 1959, he was "rated unanimously as the No. 1 groundskeeper in all baseball."
Bossard retired as head groundskeeper for the Indians in 1961, turning the reins over to his son Harold. Around this time, he moved to Tucson, Arizona, then the Spring Training site for the Indians and worked at Hi Corbett Field before finally hanging up his rake in 1970, at the age of 79. He died in 1980. Bossard was inducted into the Major League Baseball Groundskeeper Hall of Fame on Jan. 8, 2012. Emil Bossard Field and Bossard Place, a small street in Reid Park, near Hi Corbett Field are named in his honor.
Franchise records
Season records
- Highest Batting Average: .408, Joe Jackson (1911)
- Most Games: 163, Leon Wagner (1964)
- Most Runs: 140, Earl Averill (1930)
- Highest Slugging %: .714, Albert Belle (1994)
- Most Doubles: 64, George Burns (1926)
- Most Triples: 26, Joe Jackson (1912)
- Most Home Runs: 52, Jim Thome (2002)
- Most RBIs: 165, Manny Ramirez (1999)
- Most Stolen Bases: 75, Kenny Lofton (1996)
- Most Wins: 31, Jim Bagby, Sr. (1920)
- Lowest ERA: 1.16, Addie Joss (1908)
- Strikeouts: 348, Bob Feller (1946)
- Complete Games: 36, Bob Feller (1946)
- Saves: 46, José Mesa (1995)
Current roster
Minor league affiliations
|Columbus Clippers
|International League
|Columbus, Ohio
|Akron RubberDucks
|Eastern League
|Akron, Ohio
|Advanced A
|Lynchburg Hillcats
|Carolina League
|Lynchburg, Virginia
|Lake County Captains
|Midwest League
|Eastlake, Ohio
|Short Season A
|Mahoning Valley Scrappers
|New York–Penn League
|Niles, Ohio
|AZL Indians
|Arizona League
|Goodyear, Arizona
|DSL Indians
|Dominican Summer League
|Dominican Republic
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- ^ "Most Popular E-mail Newsletter". USA Today. 2012-04-03.
- ^ "Blue Jays Win Longest Opening Day Game In History | WBAL Home – WBAL Home". Wbaltv.com. 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
- ^ "Cleveland Indians fire manager Manny Acta". ESPN. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ "Francona Hired as Indians manager". Fox Sports. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ a b Rosenthal, Ken. "Bourn makes Tribe relevant again". Fox Sports. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ Baskin, Andy (5 March 2013). "Getting to know your 2013 Indians: Trevor Bauer". News Net 5. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ Hoynes, Paul. "Cleveland Indians 2013: A look back at their significant offseason moves". Cleveland.com. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ Perez "You Can't See Me" gesture - Indians.com
- ^ Indians To Go With Just Block "C" On Batting Helmets For 2013 Season « CBS Cleveland
- ^ Bare, Andrew (2006-07-19). "No new-school drummer boy".
- ^ Crump, Sarah (2009-06-06). "Pound for pound, there's no greater Tribe fan around: Sarah Crump's My Cleveland".
- ^ "Red Sox fans break MLB record for most consecutive sellouts". MLB Advanced Media, L.P. September 8, 2008. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
- ^ "court TV becomes truTV". Web.archive.org. 2012-12-07. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
- ^ "Workers World Nov. 6, 1997: Native leaders arrested during World Series". Workers.org. 1997-11-06. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
- ^ Bellecourt v. Cleveland, 104 Ohio St, 3d. 439 (Ohio State Supreme Court 2004).
- ^ "Supreme Court of Ohio Case Summaries". Supremecourt.ohio.gov. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
- ^ "Radio Affiliates". Clevelandindians.com. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ a b "Broadcaster". Clevelandindians.com. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
- ^ Jason Stanford – Youngstown State
- ^ Twitter / ABAOSTO: To Recap: @DreKnott to host
- ^ Dolgan, Bob (November 11, 2008). "Former Indians broadcaster Herb Score dies at age 75". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved February 16, 2008.
- ^ "Go Go Gophers - The Cleveland Indians". YouTube. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
External links
- Media related to at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Cleveland Indians 1998 Annual Report, the last filed with the SEC
- Sports E-Cyclopedia
Preceded by
Cincinnati Reds
World Series Champions
Cleveland Indians
Succeeded by
New York Giants
1921 and 1922
Preceded by
New York Yankees
World Series Champions
Cleveland Indians
Succeeded by
New York Yankees
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953
Preceded by
Chicago White Sox
American League Champions
Cleveland Indians
Succeeded by
New York Yankees
1921 and 1922
Preceded by
New York Yankees
American League Champions
Cleveland Indians
Succeeded by
New York Yankees
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953
Preceded by
New York Yankees
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953
American League Champions
Cleveland Indians
Succeeded by
New York Yankees
1955, 1956, 1957, 1958
Preceded by
Toronto Blue Jays
1992 and 1993
American League Champions
Cleveland Indians
Succeeded by
New York Yankees
Preceded by
New York Yankees
American League Champions
Cleveland Indians
Succeeded by
New York Yankees
1998, 1999, 2000, 2001
- All articles with unsourced statements
- Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012
- All pages needing factual verification
- WorldHeritage articles needing factual verification from August 2012
- CS1 errors: dates
- Sports clubs established in 1894
- Cleveland Indians
- Major League Baseball teams
- Cultural appropriation
- Sports in Cleveland, Ohio


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A design classic that's now available with a touch of bling – the Oluce Atollo 233 gold table lamp.
Designed by Vico Magistretti back in 1977, it's a stunning piece of work, with that pointed stand and a shade that 'hovers' on top, light controlled by the included dimmer function.
Made of aluminium with a lacquered finish, it sells for a rather hefty £1,568.

subset: commoncrawl


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#HelpUs Please!
#HelpUs Please!
Hello, and thank you we are very serious about the business of bringing Detroit back again to the women and children and families which made America great and strong around this world. Children are the future and we are in the process of restoring and renovating the Dairy Royal. It is an ice cream and sandwich shop established in 1956 as the cornerstone and community gathering place located in the prestigious and well -manicured homes at Oakman and Ewald Circle neighborhoods.
Accessible by foot there are no major intersections making it family-friendly in the middle of four different communities. Safety, education and kids being kids goes a long way reassuring a revitalized and complete march to the future with a healthy and stable assurance necessary for our children's well-being, they will become productive adults. With your contributions were more than certain we can make dreams come true. P.S You can Google Map the property at 7501 Fullerton Detroit, MI 48204


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Ron Dennis on Thursday announced he is ending his involvement with the formula one team McLaren.
Ron Dennis on Thursday announced he is ending his involvement with the formula one team McLaren.
While he will remain chairman and a 15 per cent shareholder of the McLaren Group, the 61-year-old handed over his role as chief executive to Martin Whitmarsh.
In March, Whitmarsh also took over as McLaren team boss.
Join owners and enthusiasts discussing this topic at McLarenChat.com!
It has been rumoured that Dennis' further step away from the sport is in reaction to the 'lie-gate' affair, as part of a possible deal with the FIA.
"I admit I'm not always easy to get on with. I admit I've always fought hard for McLaren in formula one," he said at the team's Woking factory.
"I doubt if Max Mosley or Bernie Ecclestone will be displeased by my decision. But no-one asked me to do it. It was my decision," Dennis insisted.
He was fronting a press conference to announce the restructuring of the McLaren Group, with the road car group to now become an independent company with Dennis in charge.
Dennis hinted that he will be happy to attend far fewer grands prix from now on, after watching the recent Malaysian grand prix on TV.
"I'd expected to be more emotional about it, after an unbroken run of attending so many grands prix for so many years," he said.
Dennis said he has "no qualms" about leaving Whitmarsh alone to handle "matters connected with formula one."


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Article content
Some of the most active companies traded Friday on the Toronto Stock Exchange:
Toronto Stock Exchange (16,323.71, up 98.06 points)
tap here to see other videos from our team.
Most actively traded companies on the TSX Back to video
Aurora Cannabis Inc. (TSX:ACB). Health care. Up 25 cents, up four per cent, $6.50 on 11.58 million shares.
Canopy Growth Corp. (TSX:WEED). Health care. Up $3.50, or 8.6 per cent, to $44.18 on 8.42 million shares.
Red Eagle Mining Corp. (TSX:R). Miner. Down half a cent, or 3.57 per cent, to 13.5 cents on 5.32 million shares.
Bombardier Inc. (TSX:BBD.B). Aerospace, rail equipment. Up six cents, or 1.31 per cent, to $4.64 on 4.08 million shares.
Kinross Gold Corp. (TSX:K). Miner. Up nine cents, or 2.43 per cent, to $3.80 on 3.92 million shares.
Goldcorp Inc. (TSX:G). Up 36 cents, or 2.63 per cent, to $14.04 on 3.66 million shares.
Companies reporting major news:
Restaurant Brands International Inc. (TSX:QSR). Restaurants. Down $2.20, or 2.66 per cent, to $80.44 on 472,000 shares. The president of RBI subsidiary Tim Hortons says the company plans to adapt to local tastes as it looks to open 1,500 stores in Asia over the next decade. The company said a day earlier that it was close to replacing a 20-year-old leaky lid design for its coffee cups.


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Certified LeSS Practitioner: Principles to Practices | SoCal | Nov 2018
This class is sold out. Please consider one of our other Large Scale Scrum - Certified Practitioner classes in the area.
Learn with Craig Larman—the co-creator of LeSS—in this 3-day highly-participative course. Participants (senior managers, product developers, ...) explore a deep understanding of LeSS, Large-Scale Scrum, for lean & agile development with many teams working together on one product. We explore adoption, new organizational design, systems thinking & optimization, the role of management, and concretely how to work together in a Sprint at scale in terms of coordination, architecture, planning, and more.
(Aside, but noteworthy: Course runs until 18:00 on day 3; for certification, full attendance required)
Critically, we explore the Big Idea of more with LeSS: simplifying & descaling over "scaling", or... scaling product development by descaling the organization.
Perhaps most importantly and interestingly, this course runs mostly as a series of "at giant whiteboards" deep-thinking exercises involving systems modeling in small teams to explore why, so that people can own the ideas by discovering them for themselves, rather than "renting" the ideas. A focus on why and owning not rentingare important elements of LeSS and how it's learned, and Craig emphasizes this in the course learning experience.
Join Larman for a deep dive into more with LeSS, based on his long experience with LeSS adoptions.
Feedback from previous courses
"It was inspiring to discuss Large-Scale Scrum with Craig Larman. The content of the course was top-notch." – Steve Alexander
"The delivery was outstanding and the supporting material vast and detailed." – Simone Zecchi
"The best course I have ever been on. Totally blown away." – Simon Powers
In addition to course material, each participant will also receive 2 books on LeSS:
- Large-Scale Scrum: More with LeSS
- Scaling Lean & Agile Development: Thinking and Organizational Tools for Large-Scale Scrum
Click below for Debriefing Systems Modeling video
Agenda :
LeSS Overview
- descaling and simplifying over scaling: more with LeSS
- LeSS principles, frameworks, guides, experiments
- two LeSS frameworks: basic & LeSS Huge
- pre-adoption: building interest
- the adoption guides
- 3 principles
- getting started
- scope of first adoption
- stories of LeSS adoptions
Local Optimization & System Optimization
- local versus global systems optimization
- local optimization in backlogs
- local optimization in product definition
- local optimization in planning
- local optimization in in analysis & design
- local optimization in programming
Product Definition
- redefining the scope of product, and the impact on global optimization
- portfolio management
Why LeSS?
- shu-ha-ri and frameworks
- empirical control
- why "More with LeSS"?
- systems optimization
- occupational psychology
LeSS Sprint
- preparation before first Sprint
- Sprint Planning with many teams
- coordination & integration: from communities to architecture
- scaling Product Backlog Refinement
- scaling the Sprint Review & Retrospective
- multi-site development
LeSS Huge Framework
- Requirement Areas
- Area Product Owners
- role of Overall Product Owner
- Area Backlogs
- adoption
More on LeSS Roles
- Managers in a LeSS organization
- Scrum Masters at scale
- Product Owner in LeSS
Details :
After successful course completion (attending full-time, etc)...
All participants will be a Certified LeSS Practitioner and will get an account on less.works. Here you can find:
- (free) digital versions of the first and third LeSS books
- more LeSS learning (videos, etc)
- the course handout PDF and photos of everything created within the course that was on the walls
- contacts of all course participants
- a course certificate
Details :
Price: $2,699 USD
Early Bird Price: $2,299 USD (End Date: March 23, 2018)
Additional Price Information: group discounts available
NOTE: class will meet from 8:30AM to 6:00PM all three days including day 3. Please arrange your schedule accordingly. Participants MUST plan to stay until precisely 18:00 on day *3* i.e., 18:00 on ALL days.
Local Agile Training Partner: Rocket Nine Solutions
Craig Larman, cofounder of LeSS, and the trainer for this course, has partnered with Rocket Nine Solutions, a Southern California-based agile training and coaching consultancy led by Scott Dunn, CST, to host this course. Please refer any logistical questions about this training to our training coordinator whose contact information can be found below. Course content related information can be found on LeSS.works. This particular Large Scale Scrum class is listed here.
Cancellation Policy - Reschedule to another of Rocket Nine Solutions class anytime, or cancel anytime up to 7 days before class for 100% refund. Fewer than 7 days notice will result in a 75% refund to cover hard costs. For minimum learning experience, the course must run with a minimum five registrants. If fewer than five are registered, the class may be cancelled three to seven days in advance, and attendees will be offered seats in the next Rocket Nine Solutions classes in the area or a full refund.
Please be aware that Rocket Nine Solutions may choose to record electronic and traditional media (e.g., photographs, video, audio footage, testimonials) at this event and attendees may appear in these recordings. By submitting a registration for yourself or someone else, or by attending this event, you grant permission for Rocket Nine Solutions to store those recordings in a database and to use them in future print, electronic, or other visual media for educational and promotional purposes. If you do not wish to grant permission, please contact the event coordinator listed below prior to attending the event.
If you need assistance with other logistical details of the class, larger group rates (6 or more), etc., please contact Cliff Rosa at firstname.lastname@example.com or call 714-699-4679.


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The Parents Creed
Being parents are no easy job, it is not like any other occupational, with bigger responsibilities and duties, job scope getting larger from time to time and continuous learning on how to handle children and parenting.
Good Parenting need team work from a mother and a father, as both carries the same responsibilities. Parenting may find it difficult to agree to each other especially when one have different opinion on how to handle a situation, for example, one of the parents want their children to be a violin player so that he/she wants to have violas collections at home but the other one wants their children to learn guitar.
There are a lot to disagree on because they are two different person with different ideas, with good communication eventually they will agree with something that is beneficial to their children and family. I hope this video will helps us, parents to find a quality of parenting with affirmation that can helps us in raising our children.
"I recognize and honor that being a parent is the most important role I will ever play in life, and that I have the opportunity to be the most influential teacher in the life of my child, so I affirm.." This is a wonderful video of affirmation by parents.


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Represented United Petroleum Capital Inc. in negotiations with private investors in the formation of Zorritos Peru Holdings Inc., and in Zorritos' acquisition of onshore exploration and production assets in Peru in U.S. bankruptcy proceedings.
Sending an email will not establish an attorney-client relationship. You should not send us any information that you want treated confidentially. By clicking Accept you acknowledge that we may review and use any information you transmit to us.


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Mantra is a mind projection created in either a spoken or mental manner. A mantra can be a word, phrase, syllable or sound. They can be recited, sung, or repeated silently in the mind.
Shakta Khalsa, in her book Kundalini Yoga, describes mantra as "a technique for regulating the mind. There are many mantras, each one having its own quality, rhythm, and effect...Every thought or feeling that we have is on a vibratory frequency. By using mantras we direct the mind into a hight vibratory frequency."
For thousands of years, mystics, meditators and yogis have used mantras for mental and spiritual transformation.
Subscribe to our email newsletter and receive exclusive updates on new album releases, Kundalini Yoga teachings, and more!
Terms of Use/Privacy Policy/© 2019 Spirit Voyage


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Hi Hazel, Not using a condom is a big step in the relationship and we completely understand why you are not sure about the idea. You are the boss of your body so you get final say over what happens to it. So make a decision about how you would like to proceed and protect yourself. If you are against the idea of not using a condom, that is okay, and you need to put your health first.
While you may be shy about speaking to your partner about this topic, it is very important that you do because it impacts your health. Here are tips from other fellow Springsters on how to have a difficult discussion with your partner.
Prepare, prepare, prepare: Rehearse what you will say to him beforehand. That way, you know everything you need to say and you can say it in a sensitive way.
Speak to them in a place where you will be comfortable. If the conversation doesnt go the way you want to, stay calm. The talk doesn't have to all happen in one day, perhaps speak again once everyone has time to think about it.
Remember: If you decide you are ready to not use a condom, be sure to get tested for STI's including HIV to make sure that you protect yourself. Don't forget to find another contraceptive to prevent any unwanted pregnancy.
To get more tips on how to speak to your partner visit the Springster page on Facebook.com/heyspringsterZA


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Present and former staff member of the Joint Trauma System at the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research were presented with the first Military Health System Battlefield Innovation Award by Dr. Jonathan Woodson, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs during the AMSUS Annual Continuing Education Meeting Dec. 3. Left to right: Col. (Dr.) Jeffrey Bailey, Mary Ann Spott, Ph.D., Col. (Dr.) Stacy Shackelford, Col. (Dr.) Kirby Gross, Dr. Jonathan Woodson, Dr. Frank Butler, Capt. (Dr.) Zsolt Stockinger, and Dr. Brian Eastridge.
By Steven Galvan, Public Affairs Officer
U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research
The Joint Trauma System at the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, was presented the inaugural Military Health System Battlefield Innovation Award Dec. 3 by Dr. Jonathan Woodson, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, at the 2015 Association of Military Surgeons of the United States Annual Continuing Education Meeting held in San Antonio.
In an email to the JTS leadership from the MHS Chief of Innovation, Dr. Steve Steffensen wrote: "The title of 'MHS Chief of Innovation' is a new role that is arguably ambiguous and prone to misinterpretation. But have no doubt that central to everything I intend to do in this position is to advocate for the combat medic and remember our core mission in the military health system. It is therefore with greatest respect that I have chosen to recognize the Joint Trauma System for the first ever 'MHS Battlefield Innovation Award'."
Accepting the award was JTS Director, Navy Capt. (Dr.) Zsolt Stockinger and several former JTS directors as well as some JTS leaders.
"Five of seven directors of the JTS were present to accept the award with me," said Stockinger. "The award proves that this is a team sport, and no single individual built the organization. I told the JTS staff that the award is like the moon rock at the National Air and Space Museum in DC—it doesn't look like much, but think of what it represents."
The JTS was created in 2006 at the direction of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs and the Service Surgeon General to improve trauma care for combat wounded. Since its inception the JTS has collected data from more than 130,000 combat casualty care records from Iraq and Afghanistan and created 39 clinical practice guidelines providing evidence-based best-practice recommendations for trauma care. In 2013, the JTS was designated as the Department of Defense Center of Excellence for Trauma by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense.
Steffensen added that the JTS was founded on the basic principles of four simple tenets – right patient, right place, right time and right care – with the guiding vision that every Soldier, sailor, airman and Marine injured on the battlefield will have the optimal chance of survival and functional recovery.
"It is through the JTS and its history of leadership and passionate commitment to combat care that we have seen the case fatality rates for combat injury in Afghanistan and Iraq drop to less than half that of Vietnam and one-third that of World War II," stated Steffensen. "There is no finer example that embodies the mission of the Military Health System or better contributes to saving lives on the battlefield that the Joint Trauma System and those who support it."
AMSUS, the Society of Federal Health Professionals, was organized in 1891 and chartered by Congress in 1903 for military, Federal and Veterans Administration healthcare professionals and is dedicated to all aspects of Federal medicine—professional, scientific, educational and administrative.


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Southern Highlands HOA sued over liens on foreclosed homes article by Vegas Inc.
Snippet from the article:
Like many pending lawsuits over the same issue, the new suit charges the Southern Highlands HOA has been requiring buyers of foreclosed homes to pay "unlawful lien amounts'' and "excessive'' amounts under the association's recorded covenants, conditions and restrictions (CC&Rs).
Blogged earlier at: Las Vegas HOA sued over liens on foreclosed homes in Las Vegas Southern Highlands
Dawn Barrier at HOMESMART ENCORE Las Vegas, Nevada
(702) 812-4550
Las Vegas, Nevada
January 2020
Any Stats are on Resale Single Family homes only per the GLVAR MLS as of this writing or as noted,covers the Las Vegas Valley, North Las Vegas, Henderson area or as noted.
All photography on this site are the property of Dawn Barrer unless otherwise noted and are
protected by U.S. Copyright laws and are not allowed to be downloaded or reproduced in any
way without written permission of Dawn Barrier.If you would like permission to use a photo
please email Dawn Important Notice -This is a personal blog.
HOMESMART ENCORE Las Vegas Dawn Barrier
(702) 812-4550


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Frenchmans dedicated staff offer a variety of services to our guests so that you can enjoy your vacation to its fullest. Please feel free to contact the front desk with any requests you may have.
Welcome Beverages and Chocolates
Upon your arrival, you will be shown to your villa where you can begin to relax by enjoying your complimentary bottle of wine, bottles of water, and French chocolates.
Our staff can provision your villa prior to your arrival, leaving you time to enjoy your vacation to the full. Simply email a request form to us at least 3 business days before your check-in and we will stock your kitchen so that it is ready for your arrival. Kelly's Superette, Big Ben's Groceries and Harbour Market are all a short distance from Frenchmans and they sell a selection of groceries, local produce, and wines.
Concierge Services
We offer an array of services within the resort including, but not limited to, information on water sports, tennis, massage, and provisioning. On site secretarial assistance can be obtained from our Front Desk staff who will be delighted to provide guests with all the information they need to make their stay at Frenchmans particularly memorable.
Our front desk is equipped with 2 Nespresso Coffee machines that are complimentary to all of our guests. We have a variety of capsules to delight each and every taste. The Front Desk staff will be delighted to show you how to use the machines. They will be available throughout the day and night for your use.
Telephone & WiFi
Each of our villas have a telephone line for local calls. All calls for you will be directed to your villa from the front desk and we would be delighted to take messages for you. Our resort offers complimentary password-protected WiFi to all guests throughout the property so you can contact your family, friends and loved ones. The password will be given to you when you arrive for use on all of your devices.
Housekeeping is included in your stay and available daily from 7am until 5:30pm. This will include a full clean of the villa and sheet changes on a regular basis. Our housekeepers will also replenish any amenities in the villa. If you do require additional housekeeping, please contact the front desk who would be delighted to assist.
Frenchmans has an on-site restaurant that is open Tuesday-Saturday night with dining from 6:30pm to 9pm. We have a wide variety of Caribbean inspired dishes with local specials offered daily. We offer a complimentary breakfast service each morning between 8am and 10am in the restaurant so please feel free to join us. Sunday Brunch is served weekly from 11am to 2pm.
Tortola offers some amazing restaurants close by to the hotel and our front desk staff would be happy to provide you with recommendations, and make reservations and transport arrangements as required.
Spa Services
There is a wide variety of spa treatments options for you to indulge in during your stay with us. Some of these include Swedish massage, Deep Tissue massage, body wraps, and facials. Any treatment can be taken in the villa itself or in one of our beach cabanas. Enjoy this relaxing time with the sound of the waves and the breeze from the ocean. Please contact our front desk for more treatment options and reservations.
Business Services
Frenchmans front desk can assist you with any business requirements. Feel free to speak with our front desk staff regarding sending a package, scanning or printing documents. We are here to help in any way we can.
We offer a personal laundry service for $25/basket. Each of our villas are equipped with laundry baskets. Your clothes will be washed, dried, and folded. Ironing can be requested at an additional cost.
Transportation & Car Rental
If your require a car rental, we can make all the arrangements for you. Just let us know your requested dates and we can do the rest. The car rental can be waiting for you at the resort or airport when you arrive. Insurance is mandatory in the British Virgin Islands and if you are not covered you will be required to purchase insurance from the rental agency.


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Cast iron skillets are so easy love. Whether inherited from a beloved grandmother, found at a bustling flea market or purchased brand new, the origin of these durable and dependable skillets doesn't really matter. Once one makes its way into your home, it will soon become a treasured kitchen staple.
Fortunately, the beauty of cast iron doesn't end there. In fact, there are many affordable cast iron pieces available that are just as wonderful as your favorite skillet. You just can't beat the versatility, usefulness, and healthy cookware choices found the large variety of cast iron pieces.
4 Great Cast Iron Cookware Pieces for the Natural Home Chef
1. Dutch Oven – No kitchen is complete without a cast iron Dutch oven. There are many choices available, especially now with the increasing popularity of the enamel finishes.
Although the colorful designer styles can be pricey, you can still find the simple 'campfire' or 'raw' varieties of cast iron at a very reasonable price.
When you shop, choose a Dutch oven that is heavy, with sturdy handles, and a tight-fitting cast iron or heavy glass lid. A good cast iron Dutch oven can be used on top of the stove to make soups and stews or it can be used in the oven to make roasts and casseroles. You can even take a "raw" version on your next camping trip to whip up some delicious meals
over your campfire.
Aside from your cast iron skillet, your Dutch oven will be among your most often used cookware pieces.
2. Grill/Griddle Combo – You may be surprised to discover how easy and fun it is to cook with a grill/griddle combination.
Cast iron is so versatile, you can cook crispy bacon, golden brown pancakes, and perfectly done eggs without having to wash several pans or deal with specialty appliances. Grills can brown pancakes and other foods very nicely for a great presentation.
3. Muffin and Loaf Pans – The best part of making cornbread in a cast iron skillet is the golden crust that forms in pan. In addition, you can use cast iron muffin pans for all sorts of muffins and other individual serving size dishes. Plus switching to cast iron loaf pans for bread results in consistently golden brown crusts with no scorched bottoms.
4. Fajita Serving Platters – To re-create that restaurant-style sizzle when your fajita or steak comes to the table, you can't beat individual cast iron serving platters.
Just heat the platters in a hot oven, and when your meal is ready to serve, carefully pull the platters from the oven and plate them up for that mouth-watering sizzle everyone loves.
You can also find sizzle platters with heat-resistant carriers so all you have to worry about is making enough food so you don't run out when everyone asks for more!
Besides the fun restaurant-quality presentation you can achieve with these individual serving platters, you get the added bonus of keeping your food warmer longer. This is a great idea when you're cooking and serving outdoors. No more chilled plates on the picnic table, which makes sizzle platters both fun and practical.
While a good set of cast iron skillets is a great starting point for every kitchen, you can expand your cooking horizons by adding these four versatile pieces that will open up a whole new world of cast iron cooking that is both healthy and fun.


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Elevate Oakland's first benefit concert this week will pack soul (Michael Franti and Friends, Judith Hill, Goapele), spice (Ozomatli), and pure rock (Orianthi). Franti — still in the midst of filming an autobiographical documentary about his song "11:59" — will be bringing his upbeat light-reggae balladry to the headlining slot. Australian singer and guitar-shredder Orianthi released her latest country and blues concoction Heaven In This Hell to high ratings last March, and L.A. singer-songwriter Judith Hill received an Academy Award nomination for her part in the background-singer documentary 20 Feet From Stardom. One can only hope that Franti, Hill, and Goapele's soul front will peacefully collide with the frenetic Alice-Cooper-energy of Ozomatli's newest release, Place in the Sun. The whole night is a benefit to support arts and music in Oakland schools, presented by legendary East Bay percussionist and singer Sheila E.
Elevate Oakland: Show Preview
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