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There's a funny sound one makes with one's mouth when somebody says something unbelievable, sort of a verbal double-take that sounds something between "wha?" and "hey!" so it sort of comes out as "whaaayy?" Get ready, because you're about to make that sound right now. Here it comes, from Peter Beinart's column in The Washington Post today, "Admit It: The Surge Worked."
It's no longer a close call: President Bush was right about the surge. According to Michael O'Hanlon and Jason Campbell of the Brookings Institution, the number of Iraqi war dead was 500 in November of 2008, compared with 3,475 in November of 2006. That same month, 69 Americans died in Iraq; in November 2008, 12 did.
Violence in Anbar province is down more than 90 percent over the past two years, the New York Times reports. Returning to Iraq after long absences, respected journalists Anthony Shadid and Dexter Filkins say they barely recognize the place.
Is the surge solely responsible for the turnaround? Of course not.
He continues:
Is the surge solely responsible for the turnaround? Of course not. Al-Qaeda alienated the Sunni tribes; Moqtada al-Sadr's Mahdi Army decided to stand down; the United States assassinated key insurgent and militia leaders, all of which mattered as much if not more than the increase in U.S. troops. And the decline in violence isn't necessarily permanent. Iraq watchers warn that communal distrust remains high; if someone strikes a match, civil war could again rage out of control.
Moreover, even if the calm endures, that still doesn't justify the Bush administration's initial decision to go to war, which remains one of the great blunders in American foreign policy history. But if Iraq overall represents a massive stain on Bush's record, his decision to increase America's troop presence in late 2006 now looks like his finest hour. Given the mood in Washington and the country as a whole, it would have been far easier to do the opposite. Politically, Bush took the path of most resistance. He endured an avalanche of scorn, and now he has been vindicated. He was not only right; he was courageous.
(I just threw up in my mouth a little. "Courageous?")
If "the surge worked," then all other factors, including those Beinart cited (and he omitted some others, such as ethnic cleansing, diaspora, and the awakening movement) ought to be irrelevant. "The surge worked" means that without it and it alone, violence would not have abated in Iraq. If you insist on falling upon a Post Hoc argument, you don't get to add an "except after C."
And if the situation is as fragile as you indicate, if a match strike could reignite civil war in Iraq, did "the surge work?" Really?
Beinart argues that it would behoove the new leadership in Washington to "admit" that "the surge worked" to avoid falling victim to a similar state of hubris that plagued the outgoing administration. So, we should "admit" that "the surge worked," although a host of other factors may also have contributed to whatever turnaround has occurred in Iraq, just to make sure that President Obama doesn't swagger up to a camera and say "Bring 'em on?"
And if Beinart believes the invasion of Iraq to have been "one of the great blunders in American foreign policy history," how can he argue in defense of escalating the blunder? If we were wrong to go in, how can we have been right to go in more, no matter what the result? How can you square it with the fact that there would have been no insurgency and no need for a surge if we'd cooled our jets in March 2003 instead of invading a sovereign nation unprovoked?
Sorry, slick. We don't have to admit nothing, except for that thank goodness Barack Obama is about to take the oath of office.


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are you still there ?
i have just tried to re-enter my games and the same thing happened as it did with both city mogul & brazil.
i was trying to enter a classic map game and i hit the begin button and i got, as best as i can describe it, a blink and the page was "re-set" and i would have to hit the begin button again.
it happened with the other two maps too. in this case, i did not hit the begin button a second time. i went back up to the panel and tried to light-up my territories and nothing registered.
since you did get back to me to ask your questions and the person doing the brazil map did not, and i lost my turn on both games, i figured i'd come back to you and ask - what's going on ?
why am i having this problem ?
i am going to try to get back into c.c. on another computer and see if it happens there too.
i've been on c.c. both on this computer and the other computer earlier today without a problem.
and, by the way, what's the problem with BOB ? we just got a new computer and BOB has not been available to put onto the new computer, so i can see which color is which and in which territory.

subset: commoncrawl


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Mai ElMallah, MD:
She joined the Fuller laboratory in 2010 as an MD with no prior laboratory research experience. Her training and interactions with the broader UF respiratory community led her to reevaluate her goals as a physician and convinced her to pursue an academic career. Dr. ElMallah joined the Fuller laboratory during her pediatric pulmonary fellowship because of her clinical experiences in providing respiratory care to patients with Pompe disease, and conversations with Dr. Fuller concerning ongoing studies of gene therapy attempting to reverse respiratory dysfunction in a murine model of Pompe. She quickly learned how to conduct respiratory research, and published a series of papers describing novel gene therapy approaches targeting respiratory-dysfunction. After her fellowship, Dr. ElMallah received an NIH K08 award, followed shortly by her appointment as an Assistant Professor at the University of Massachusetts. She has already received an NIH R21 award as PI, and is an emerging leader in translational research in respiratory control. When asked about her experiences at UF, Dr. ElMallah said: "My time at UF provided me with the foundation for a successful research career. The UF respiratory
community is second to none, and I could not imagine a better
environment for an MD such as myself to learn the fundamentals
of respiratory research."
Daryl Fields (MD/PhD candidate):
After working as an MD/PhD student in Dr. Mitchell's laboratory at the University of Wisconsin, Dr. Fields chose to defer clinical training for one year to gain additional research experiences at UF, funded by an NRSA F30 and a fellowship from the United Negro College Fund. His PhD thesis concerned novel signaling pathways giving rise to respiratory motor plasticity. His decision to rejoin Dr. Mitchell at UF was fueled by his desire to refine his skills in project planning, manuscript preparation, laboratory management and translational research. During this year, he developed several novel projects related to cancer, sleep apnea and spinal injury, including conceptualization of a patent application recently filed with the USPTO. He defended his PhD in June, and resumed clinical training in July 2016. His collective experience will result in >12 publications in strong journals, and he was recognized with several national awards for research excellence. Although back in Wisconsin, he continues to maintain frequent contact with his UF collaborators and mentors. He plans to enter a residency that will allow him to advance novel therapeutics to patients with compromised breathing ability. He said about his UF experience: "the strong collaborative environment at UF exposed me to leading investigators in the respiratory neurobiology field. I know the multidisciplinary skill-set that I've developed has prepared me for future success as an independent physician scientist. I look forward to working with my UF colleagues on future projects!"
Lauren Tabor (CCC-SLP, MS):
Lauren is a speech pathologist with a specialization in dysphagia, and is currently in her third year of the UF Rehabilitation Science PhD program. She reports: "my experience has been incredibly fulfilling. As a clinician, my training consisted primarily of anatomy and physiology and behavioral manifestations of disease, and touched very little on the neural pathways and cellular adaptations that underlie these behavioral changes. Our classes, including Neuroplasticity and the Control of Breathing and Airway Defense: Implication for Rehabilitation, consist of basic, translational and clinical scientists, which provides a comprehensive understanding of rehabilitation from the cellular through patient levels. The interdisciplinary discussion and potential for translational collaboration is one of my favorite aspects of the RSD program. As a result, my own research questions and goals are more sound, with a solid understanding of mechanisms of change
supported by principles of neuroplasticity."


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In this life, we know there will be those encounters with trials and tests. But be assured, Jesus came to open prison doors. There is hope in the valley; there is deliverance at the end of the trial, there is joy in the journey.
Maybe you are thinking that being a prisoner represents captivity and loss of freedom. In God, we are bound in believing the best is yet to come; victory is on its way, and you can become a prisoner of Hope. I once was lost, but now I am found.
For the Son of Man has come to seek and to save that which was lost. – Luke 19:10
Return to the stronghold, You prisoners of Hope. Even today I declare that I will restore double to you. – Zechariah 9:12
As for me, I am a prisoner of Hope. Biblical hope is a solid foundation. It is a confident and eager expectation of something good. The pastor of a church I attended as a new believer, encouraged me with this saying, "Expect Great Things From God – Accept Great Things from God." I never forgot his words. God promises He will restore double for what has been taken from us.
I was once a wounded victim in a violent biker gang war. As a lay in my hospital bed recovering from the gunshot wounds fired from M16 rifles, I experienced intense pain, loneliness, fear, and shame. My recovery took months. My hope for a better life began with trusting that God would make a way for me. Today, I am an overcomer in Christ's steadfast love.
He has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted, To proclaim liberty to the captives, and set at liberty those who are oppressed. – Luke 4:18
Decide today to be hopeful. Allow yourself to be captured by hope and to be filled with hope. You will not be disappointed for God is faithful.
Thank you, Lord
Join the conversation – If you enjoyed this post, why not subscribe and recommend my site to other broken people. I appreciate your comments. What are you hoping in? In what ways can hope transform your life? Thanks for sharing!


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Drummond out for Detroit's home finale against Raptors
April 9, 2018
DETROIT (AP) Andre Drummond is out for Monday night's game between the Detroit Pistons and Toronto Raptors with a sore Achilles tendon.
With the Pistons out of playoff contention and Toronto having wrapped up the top seed in the Eastern Conference, the game has little significance, although it is the home finale for Drummond's Pistons. Detroit is also without star forward Blake Griffin, who is out with a right ankle injury, and guard Reggie Bullock, who has a left knee issue.
Toronto is playing without guard Fred VanVleet, who is out with lower back tightness. Raptors forward Serge Ibaka has the night off to rest.
More AP NBA: https://apnews.com/tag/NBAbasketball
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Loyola at a Glance Faculty/Staff Newsletter
Laura Murphy publishes book on West African slave trade
October 26, 2012
Loyola University New Orleans assistant professor Laura Murphy, Ph.D., published "Metaphor and the Slave Trade in West African Literature" with Ohio University Press, the leading publisher of African Studies research in the country. The book examines the way West Africans have memorialized the era of the transatlantic slave trade through unique metaphors that communicate the horrors of slavery from generation to generation.
Many critics argue that West Africans have forgotten the slave trade and are indifferent to the suffering of the African-Americans who left Africa's shores. But Murphy's study reveals that there is, in fact, a long history of commemorating the trauma and sorrow that resulted from the slave trade in their literature and cultures.
Ato Quayson, Ph.D., editor of the "Cambridge History of Postcolonial Literature" and director of the Centre for Diaspora and Transnational Studies at the University of Toronto called the book "a timely and highly innovative work."
The book is available in the Loyola University Bookstore, on JSTOR and on amazon.com in print as well as in a Kindle edition. Murphy will talk about her new book at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Mass., and at the African Studies Association meeting in Philadelphia Nov. 29-Dec. 1.
Loyola at a Glance is written and distributed for the faculty, staff, and friends of Loyola University New Orleans. It is published by the Office of Public Affairs, Greenville Hall, Box 909, 7214 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118. (504) 861-5888.
Information to be included in Loyola at a Glance must be received 2-3 weeks in advance of the publication date. Send items to Loyola at a Glance, Box 909.


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Volusion vs Shopify : Which one is the best?
- The main price difference is that Volusion's highest plan over 100 is cheaper than Shopify's highest plan.
- Shopify is easier to use for someone with no experience.
- Shopify templates range from $140 to $180 which makes them the cheaper alternative.
- The Shopify platform offer a great amount of payment gateways to connect to.
- The Shopify app store offers more free and premium apps than Volusion.
- Shopify customer service is faster to reach and find thru phone and live chat.
Two of the most popular eCommerce store building platforms are Volusion vs Shopify.
They offer users the ability to feature, market and sell products by making use of inbuilt features.
To understand which of the two between Volusion vs Shopify is best for you, we will take a deeper look at each of these great platforms and compare their pros and cons.
We will observe different categories such as pricing, customer service and overall ease of use.
Shopify is an e-commerce store builder that is based in Canada and is well known for being simple to use and offers attractive designs. It has over 600,000 merchants making use of the platform.
Volusion is a simple to use platform that has been around for more than two decades now. While it may not have as many users as Shopify, it still has a decent number of e-commerce stores.
Let's dive in…
What's the cost?
Shopify offers its users with four plans with monthly prices set at $9, $29, $79 and $299.
Any upgrade in monthly pricing means more features and the transaction fees also goes down.
The downside to Shopify is that it still charges transaction fees, something that is quickly losing momentum with most other e-commerce platforms.
However, it is possible to have the fees waived when using Shopify payments.
That's good news!
But what about Volusion? How does it compare?
Volusion offers $25, $75, and $135 plans and an increase in the monthly fee comes with added features. However, users will still need to pay transaction fees of between 0.5% and 2% per transaction.
Clearly, the monthly costs between Volusion vs Shopify are quite similar with the main difference being Volusion's highest plan being over 100 cheaper than Shopify's highest plan.
As far as pricing goes, Volusion is the clear winner.
Shopify: 0
Volusion: 1
How easy are them to use?
One of the areas where Shopify excels is in the simplicity of use.
The back-end has a simple design, clear admin and is easy to navigate.
In fact, it is so simple to use that Shopify users will often learn the basics from trying out the trial feature.
Volusion is not left behind as far as ease of use is concerned. A lot of emphases is placed on ease of use. Simple language and colorful icons allow users to quickly learn how to navigate the features.
Volusion also guides its users through the basic process of performing tasks which can be annoying to a user who is experienced.
While both platforms score top marks for ease of use, they are not exactly the same and in this case between it is Shopify that is the winner.
Shopify: 1
Volusion: 1
What kind of features do they offer?
Both Volusion and Shopify come with a rich array of features to help you set up a successful e-commerce store.
Users can create catalogs, manage their store using CMS, use payment gateways and achieve a cool looking design by making use of the pre-existing templates.
Speaking of templates
Shopify and Volusion offer templates that are professionally designed, neat looking and are responsive. This means that they will resize themselves to best fit where you need them and will still look good on different sized screens.
Users have the option to choose between free templates and paid templates.
There are more free templates on Volusion than on Shopify—11 in total. However, Shopify offers varieties on each of its free templates which provides users with more options.
As for the paid templates, Shopify has more than Volusion.
And what's more,
While the paid Volusion templates are priced at a standard cost of $180, Shopify templates range from $140 to $180 which makes them the cheaper alternative.
Shopify: 3
Volusion: 2
Payment Gateways
Shopify clearly outdoes Volusion by the number of payment gateways that the platform is compatible with. While Volusion allows 37 payment gateways, Shopify has over 100.
Both e-commerce platforms also feature their own payment gateway (Shopify payments and Volusion payments)
The greater number of payment gateways with the Shopify platform makes it the clear winner.
Note that in both Volusion and Shopify, the total number of payment gateways that users can use will vary depending on the location. For example, users in Europe may only use fewer payment gateways than users in the United States.
Shopify: 4
Volusion: 2
E-commerce apps allow store builders to integrate more functionality. But there is no contest as to which of the two (Volusion vs Shopify) is the clear winner in the apps section.
Shopify users have access to over 200 apps to choose from compared to 70 on Volusion.
Shopify also has more free apps than Volusion.
Shopify: 5
Volusion: 2
Many e-commerce store owners are very interested in knowing the dropshipping features of a store builder.
In drop shipping, you can sell products without actually having them in stock. Merchants simply take orders and send them to the supplier who then ships the products to the clients.
One of the main motivating factors in this way of selling is that there is no need for a high initial set up and capital.
With the many apps available for drop shipping in the Shopify store users can take fully take advantage of this type of business model.
Volusion only offers users with just two dropshipping apps.
Again, Shopify is the winner.
Shopify: 6
Volusion: 2
Point of Sale
Point of sale is where e-commerce store owners can use their platform to conduct business from a physical location.
Volusion and Shopify both make it possible to do this by integrating and syncing the inventory.
Shopify allows users to buy hardware directly from them for point of sale transactions. These include barcode scanners, label printer, till and receipt printer.
A variety of UPC scanners and receipt printers are compatible with the Volusion platform. However, Shopify is far much easier to use. With Volusion, a lot more work is involved in getting things set up and fully functioning.
Shopify: 7
Volusion: 2
Volusion does well as far as its marketing goes with an out of the box features such as email system for sending newsletters to potential customers. (within the Volusion platform itself) and users can even create an affiliate program
The drawback that we found is that the CRM system doesn't work with emails that have SSL integration.
Things take a different turn with the Shopify platform but it is possible to integrate with different CRM tools by downloading an app from the Shopify store.
To develop an affiliate program, there are apps for this as well an example of which is the Tapfiliate app.
Volusion provides a better experience which allows users to operate marketing campaigns and use marketing tools through the platform. Shopify, on the other hand, offers more functionality.
Shopify: 8
Volusion: 2
How is their customer service?
Let's start off with Volusion shall we?
It offers 24-hour online support on all its plans. However, the phone support is only accessible with the $35 plan and up. Shopify phone support is accessible on their $29 monthly plan and up.
The fact that the Volusion interface isn't as simple and straightforward to use means that users will need the phone support.
Shopify also offers LiveChat feature and email, something that is also available on Volusion.
For those that want to read things fast and easy, here are the pros and cons of each.
Shopify: 9
Volusion: 2
- The CMS is simple to use
- It offers more free templates
- It is better for dropshipping
- There are no bandwidth limits
- You can integrate more apps
- There is a transaction fee on each sale
- The phone support is not the simplest to use
- Requires the use of apps and plugins even for basic functions
- You can build a fully functioning e-commerce store with its cheapest plan at $15 per month
- Users will not pay any transaction fees
- It is an excellent choice for its affiliate program
- While transactions are free there are bandwidth limits to its users
- There is no function for blogging
- To use SSL certificates users will need to pay extra
Wrapping it up
Between Volusion vs Shopify, it is clear that the better of the two is, of course, Shopify.
It has more features, a simple to use interface and offers no bandwidth limits.
What do you think? Leave your comment below.


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When you are travelling from the UK to any European country, you will find that the electric plug sockets are different. You will not be able to use your electrical items in these countries without using some sort of adapter.
The RS Pro UK to Europe mains travel adapter is a white, 2-pin euro plug connector integrally moulded with a 3-pin UK socket back plate for using in Europe.
Converts a 3-pin UK 13A plug to a continental 2-pin 7.5A socket
Use in all European countries
Offers a safe and secure connection when you need a fast and trouble free conversion
BS 5733/A standard meaning that the adapter has been tested and meets the relevant standard specification required for electrical accessories
Small, light and economical for carrying in your luggage
The UK to European socket is not for use in UK mains sockets.
The RS Pro travel adapter will not convert the voltage or frequency of an electrical product. You would need to purchase a convertor for this.
The adapter is suitable for using in all European countries.
The adapter is suitable for small appliances such as radios, shavers, phone chargers, laptops and hairdryers and many other small portable equipment.
|Converter Type
|Travel Adapter
|UK to Europe
|Country 1
|Country 2
|Connector Type
|Type G - British 3-pin to European Socket
|Type 1 Connector
|Type G - British 3-pin
|Type 2 Connector
|European Socket
|Current Rating


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RS1 Foundational Skills Guides Preview
Foundational Skills Guides
Expertly developed Foundational Skills Teacher's Guides are designed to help teachers develop students' foundational phonics skills so students emerge as fluent readers fully in the alphabetic stage of literacy. These guides offer evidence-based instruction that develops students' letter-sound correspondence knowledge, phonological awareness and phonics skills, decoding strategies, high-frequency word recognition, ability to connect high-frequency words to meaning, understanding of spelling conventions, ability to connect spelling of word parts to meaning, and understanding of syntax, all of which will be applied during multiple rereads to connected authentic Emergent Reader Series decodable texts.
View the Foundational Skills Guide Overview
Book-by-book progress monitoring assessments are located in the Post-Reading section of each Foundational Skills Guide. Formative assessments are positioned chronologically in the Foundational Skills Guide binder at the beginning of the series (pre-test) and at the end of the series (post-test). The pre-tests are designed to help you understand what students know as they enter Reading Series 1. The post-tests allow for a thorough analysis of students' skills in the full-alphabetic phase of word reading, assessing their readiness to transition to reading long vowels and variant vowels in Reading Series 2; as well as assessing their ability to answer text-dependent questions about narrative passages and/or poems and apply the metacognitive strategies that have been modeled during Close Reading instruction, including rereading for better understanding, using knowledge of story grammar to interpret text, and making inferences supported by evidence from the text and illustrations.


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Keep up to date with the latest news and announcements relating to Council's projects and services. Please contact Council if the information you require is not displayed.
Whitsunday Regional Council is inviting any business which is interested in hearing aboutCouncil's replacement program for small plant and fleet to information sessions next week.
Mayor Jenny Whitney said the information sessions will discuss the replacement of council's plant and fleet, including small plant items such as mowers and brushcutters.
There are two sessions next week as follows:
• Bowen Council Chambers, 67 Herbert St, Bowen in the boardroom Tuesday 30September at 5.30pm – 7.00pm; and• Proserpine Council Chambers, 83-85 Main St, Proserpine in the boardroomWednesday 1 October at 5.00pm – 6.30pm
"The purpose of the information sessions are for Council to provide information regarding currentassets in the fleet and outline the fleet items likely to be replaced in the near future," she said.
"The information sessions will also allow suppliers an opportunity to provide feedback on Council's specifications to replace the assets.
"Council is keen to hear new ideas from suppliers about products currently available on the market and ways in which Council can be more innovative and create efficiencies.
"Council will also present information about tendering processes and response requirements," she said.
Any business interested in attending the information sessions should call Council's CustomerContact Centre's 49450200 or 47613600.
For media enquiries, contact:Kate Lennox, Communications ManagerPhone: 07 4945 0614, 0427 458 369 or Email: email@example.com


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In early 2019, a dedicated group of local food enthusiasts and farmers got the bright idea to build a sustainable, resilient local food community in NW Alberta to connect local people to their roots and farm fresh food. As part of Alberta Open Farm Days, the group plans to showcase local farmers and other food providers, food artisans, and food enthusiasts in the rural farm areas northwest of Edmonton.
As a two part event during Open Farm Days on August 17th, there will be a market going all day showcasing local producers and their products. The second part will be a farm to table dinner that will be prepared by Cindy and Brad Lazarenko, the sister/brother chef duo of the Culina Family of Restaurants in Edmonton – they are well known for their passion for local food and cooking. They will be focusing on exclusively using locally produced foods. The George Pegg Botanic Garden will provide a unique backdrop for this event as it was once the historic Pegg family homestead. On the property the Pegg family raised their own livestock, and grew their own produce, thus they were the embodiment of what the Rural Roots event looks to celebrate.
Tickets include dinner as well as a welcoming handcrafted cocktail. It will be a cash bar, we do ask that you plan ahead and drink responsibly. As this is an outdoor event, please dress for the weather, there will be a tent on site in the chance that rain occurs.
Stonepost Farms cannot be there in person as we are hosting Open Farm Days on our Farm, but some of our products along with many other fantastic food producers as part of the dinner on Saturday August 17th from 6-9pm at the historic George Pegg Botanic Garden, to celebrate locally produced food.
Tickets can be purchased through eventbrite:


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The Nizam jewel collection is reputed to be one of the world's finest. It belonged to a former Indian princely dynasty, but was acquired by the Indian government in 1995 after a lengthy legal battle. The government is putting the gems on public display in the Indian capital next week.
They are 173 items of jewelry reported to be among the world's most exquisite and expensive royal collections. They belonged to a fabulously wealthy dynasty that had ruled over parts of Southern India's Deccan Plateau for seven generations, from 1724 to 1948.
The rulers were known as the Nizams of Hyderabad. Theirs was among the hundreds of princely dynasties that remained intact during the years that the British ruled India but was disbanded soon after the country became independent in 1947.
Revenues from their vast kingdom helped successive Nizams acquire legendary gems from all over the world. In India they were set by renowned craftsmen into a collection fit for kings, ranging from gem encrusted turbans and belts to exquisite necklaces and armbands.
Among the jewels is one of the world's largest and most glittering diamond, the oval shaped, 185 carat, Jacob diamond. One of the Nizams is reported to have used it as a paper weight. The last ruler, Osman Ali Khan, who lived a frugal lifestyle, had hidden most of the jewels in odd places. After he died, the Jacob diamond was found wrapped in a dirty rag.
India's Minister of Tourism and Culture Anath Kumar heaped praise on the collection. "It is national treasure, national heritage of a very colorful era. I think it will be a very rare occasion for the art lovers of the country as well as of the entire world to have a feel of them, to see them," he said.
Osman Ali Khan left the famed jewels to several trusts to safeguard his ancestral heritage. The government decided to acquire the jewels when it was reported that the trustees were trying to sell them to foreign byuers. The gems were acquired under the law passed in the 1970s allowing the government to take over any item in the country designated as national heritage.
After 18 years of legal wrangling between the royal descendants and the government, the state eventually bought the Nizam collection for approximately $47 million. Its present value is reported to be much higher.
For centuries these jewels have only been viewed by kings, their ministers, royal guests and security guards. Next week's exhibition will give ordinary people a rare opportunity to have a glimpse at the last symbols of a bygone era. The jewels will then travel to other Indian cities.


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NEW YORK (WFAN/AP) — "Live from New York, it's…"
Eli Manning!
The Giants' quarterback is ready to test his comedic chops when he hosts "Saturday Night Live" on May 5.
"I'm a little nervous about it, but excited also," Manning said Monday. "It should be a lot of fun. It will take some work, but it should be something I'll always remember."
Eli won't be the first Manning to host the show. His brother, Peyton, did it in 2007 and had a very funny "United Way" skit in which he coached youngsters, hit them with passes in the back and stomach and even banished one to a portable bathroom for 20 minutes.
The two-time Super Bowl MVP has no stage experience, noting he was never even in a school play, though he's done several commercials.
"It's something that's been offered a few times and I've turned it down. But it seemed like the right time. I felt ready to do it and I'm excited about that opportunity," he said.
In Denver, Peyton Manning said, "I'm excited for him. He'll do a good job."
Asked if he'd make a guest appearance to help his little brother out, Peyton Manning said he has a prior commitment, "so I won't be able to make it. But I'll be tuned in."
The musical guest is scheduled to be Rihanna.
Manning will be the fifth NFL quarterback to host "SNL," according to the New York Daily News. Peyton Manning, Tom Brady, Joe Montana and Fran Tarkenton have also stood under the Studio 8H spotlight.
Will Eli be just as good as Peyton on 'SNL'? Sound off below…
(TM and Copyright 2012 CBS Radio Inc. and its relevant subsidiaries. CBS RADIO and EYE Logo TM and Copyright 2011 CBS Broadcasting Inc. Used under license. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.)


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|POV Holder:
|Next POV:
|Aug 11 (Saturday)
|POV Used
|POV Ceremony
|Aug 13 (Monday)
|HOH Winner:
|Next HOH:
|Aug 9 (Thursday)
|Original Nominations:
|Wil and Frank
|Current Nominations:
|Janelle AND Frank
|Have Nots
|No Have-Nots for the Week
|Last Evicted Houseguest
1am Danielle and Dan in the arcade room talking about Janelle. Danielle says that she hates bullying and says that she has struggled with anorexia growing up so it hurts to hear that Janelle was calling her fat. Danielle says that she knew Janelle called her fat. She says I have known the whole time! She says that she has known girls like Janelle before. Danielle says that she wishes Dan could have seen the way she looks at her. I wish you could have seen the way she looked at me on the ship, it was the worst. You will see it when you get home. Danielle says that Janelle told Wil he was not allowed to cheer for me. I want to knock her in her face and walk away. Danielle says that she has had a bad feeling about Janelle from the start. Dan and Danielle talk about how Boogie figured out she is nurse. Danielle asks why Janelle is threatened by her? Dan asks what do you want a coach answer or personal. Danielle says both. Dan tells Danielle that it doesn't matter, she is gone! Dan says that she is probably threatened by you, she is getting older. Dan says that Janelle probably wanted people to vote out Kara for personal reasons. Dan says at the end of the day you get the last laugh without being mean about it. Dan says that she is going to be in Minnesota watching the live feeds and there is nothing she can do about it. Dan tells Danielle that when she gets older things like this won't bother her as much. Danielle says that it's just that Janelle just had a baby and she is attacking me. Britney joins them and they talk about the possibility of it being a fast forward this week. Dan says we need to make sure Joe doesn't win it. Britney says yeah or Wil. Britney says it makes her nervous because Boogie never talks about trying to get him out.
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1:25am Shane and Danielle are now talking up in the HOH room. Danielle says that she found out some other stuff that Janelle that she didn't know. Shane says that he freaking loves it that Janelle will be blindsided. Danielle tells Shane that after she heard the comments Janelle made about her weight, she didn't eat for two days. Shane tells Danielle that she is beautiful the way she is and that he likes the way she looks. I can't stand other women that can't stand the way other women look. And how she talked about how she didn't understand how you liked me. Shane tells Danielle that Janelle is a materialistic bit*h and that she is just jealous of Danielle. Danielle says that she won't give Janelle a hug tomorrow. They talk about how they both left Janelle mean goodbye messages. Danielle says that she is excited about Shane leaving Janelle a mean goodbye. Danielle says that she started to leave a nice message but the diary room said they won't accept that, so she started to say how she really felt. Shane says that what sucks is we will have to see her again at the finale. Danielle asks why the hell is Janelle talking about me when she has bigger pants than me? Danielle talks about how Janelle's lip has so much collagen in it that it is starting to do the wave. Danielle says that she used a Rachel line in her goodbye message; she says that she said no one comes between me and my man. Meanwhile in the backyard, Jenn and Ashley are playing a game of badminton against Frank and Wil.
2:35am Jenn, Ashley, Wil and Frank are sitting around the kitchen table. They talk about how someone might volunteer to go up against Joe next week. Frank says that the negative is that Joe could win the POV. Frank says that he could see himself going up as a pawn next week against Joe. Jenn says that she thinks there is going to be a fast forward/double eviction coming up this week. Frank tells them that he is going to break the unitard curse tomorrow. He says that everyone who has been on the block in a unitard goes home, but that is staying. They continue to talk about wanting to vote Joe out next week. Wil says that he wouldn't mind being the pawn because he would get to make a speech. They talk about how there is a risk to their plan because Joe could win POV but that isn't very likely. Wil says that there are people in this house that need to go quick and quicker than Joe. Frank says that he would like Joe out next but with Janelle gone he says Joe is a one trick pony, he won't have anyone left. They talk about how no one will want to work with Joe. Frank says that when Janelle walks out the door and Joe sees it was a 8-1 vote he will be like oh sh*t! Wil says that he thinks Joe is here for publicity. Ashley starts talking about a dream she had about the old coaches room. She says that she was in that room making out with a dog. Frank says that he thinks she had that dream because Ian is dressed as a dog this week. Wil says that when he gets out he is going to get sh*t faced and a massage, he is going to be a slut when he gets out of this house.
3:15am – 3:45am Joe and Shane are talking about and studying the past events of the house. They wonder who Jenna or Ian would put up if they won. Joe thinks Ian would do whatever Boogie wants. Joe says that if he wins he is putting up Wil, just because of trust. Shane says that he would put up Boogie. Shane says that what is good for him is that he is playing for the veto no matter what. Joe says that Danielle can't play and that it would be good if Britney won. They think the next HOH competition might be Q&A because they aren't building anything out in the backyard right now. Shane says it might be America`s vote. Shane tells Joe that in the America's vote he needs to make sure he thinks how America would vote and not how he would personally votes. Joe asks like who looks better in a bathing suit Kara or Danielle. They continue to talk about the events of the house. Shane says that it could be a before and after competition too. Shane heads to bed. Joe goes outside and sits by himself for a bit on the couch and then heads to bed.
5:50am All the house guests are still asleep..
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How Had The Lives Of Women, Landlords, Businessmen And Peasants Improved During The First Stage Of Communist Control In China 1949 - aprox. 1962?
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History Coursework 2001 : Tom AbouNader : How Had The Lives Of Women, Landlords, Businessmen And Peasants Improved During The First Stage Of Communist Control In China 1949 - aprox. 1962? The 29 of September 1949 was the year in which the Communists took control over the soon to be "Peoples Republic Of China." What faced them was a country ravaged by war from overseas invasion and from civil unrest. These years of war had taken their toll on the country's infrastructure, terrain and output. Inflation was huge, and at the end of 1948 it was around 2,870,00% due to the effects of a continued state of civil war, the Wall Street crash, the damage done by the invading Japanese, the fleeing Chiang Kai Shek and also from Russian revolutionaries who stole much important machinery. Because of this rapid inflation many people lost all savings and also in some cases their homes and jobs. Unemployment was huge, and starvation was setting in because of the damage to farmland and casualties to peasants. Despite this; the population was increasing by around 15 million per annum, and this was in addition to the already present 540 million Chinese. China had reached a point where it had nearly rendered itself extinct as a working country. ...read more.
This was something like a trial by accusation for the landlords and in some cases also for KMT officials. In these meetings the indicted were usually humiliated, made to confess to crimes and/or forced to take a lowly place in the community. They were stripped of their status, privileges, political rights and of all their previously owned land(which was later collectively split and divided among the peasants.) In some cases the accused was sentenced to death and shot. Meetings would sometimes get out of hand and become violent towards the particular person on "Trial". This sometimes led to severe beatings and frequently death. After only one year of communist control; deaths of around 1million landlords, KMT officials and members were estimated. Businessmen had also been badly affected by the ongoing civil war and the eventual communist take-over. Much of the country's industry had been destroyed through war, invasion and Russian "liberation". Many remaining businesses were simply taken over by the government; owners were not allowed to draw any profit, except in sparse cases where profit was extremely limited. Mao released his first "Five Year Plan" where he decreed businesses were to optimise and increase output on all industrial fronts; putting increasing pressure on businessmen's shoulders to perform to the maximum. ...read more.
Mao had failed to find the balance between the rate of agricultural and industrial advancement, the consequence of this was the death of 10-25 million people, most of which were the peasants. The peasants were the hands on the end of Mao's arms doing his binding at whatever cost, and at the end of it all, what had they gained? They themselves were still peasants, were still tied to manual labour and still had not really gained any social height. But their devotion to Mao blinded them from this in many cases, and they continued to do his biding. All in all the peasants, women, landlords and businessmen all lost and gained from the communists, although admittedly in many cases what they gained was in fact exactly what they lost. What Mao brought was in some ways a strong dictatorship hidden behind a veil of socialism. Mao utilised the peasants in ways they could not discern or perceive and manipulated their actions to his wishes. Consequently he brain-washed a nation into devout Mao obsessives and used them as tools and fertiliser in his metaphorically blooming garden. Nonetheless he had acclaimed popularity and was well on his way to deification. In short Mao cheated all of these groups out of something, but the way in which he did this was just subtle enough not to cause uproar in his newly united country. ...read more.
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(Another) My Top 10 OPs – Yes… I know.
Because I succumbed to generic posts, today, I shall be presenting my Top 10 OP. Also, I don't really know what this list means or does it reflect my personality. I'm not really into high level music stuffs so sorry if I'll be disappointing if you find the list boring, or too cliche and ordinary. Anyway, this post is just to share and contemplate on the reasons why I came to like these songs. Then again, do I really have to describe these songs? Makes me want to push the publish button already by simply posting the videos.
I had a hard time collating this post because it's hard to find HDs of all these OPs.
I liked the Ed and Al moments in this OP since it greatly displays the relationship between the brothers. Also, the title itself of the song had an impact to me and I think all viewers would probably be able to relate with what I'm thinking about the word in relation to the story of the series.
9. Allegro Cantabile
I love piano and how the song goes simply makes me think of Nodame's very own technique in playing the piano. Not that I'm saying the artist is also random, but it's spontaneous, very much the same on how Nodame plays with the notes.
8. Reflectia
Reflectia is such a weird word and I'm not sure whether this is an engrish word for reflection. Either way, I like how this song goes because I'm sick of the depressing story already of the anime. It helps that I look forward listening to a feel good OP before proceeding to a baww-ing story, and watching an irritating male protagonist.
7. Only My Railgun
Of course, biribiri's focus in this OP was the reason why I was drawn to it compared to PSI-Missing. I like the techno sound of this OP. I guess it has something to do as well with the energetic vibes of the OP which makes you go hyper.
6. Complication
It has to be the lyrics and the translation of this song which is the reason why I liked it. It relates very well to the situation of the three main protagonists since it talks about grasping reality and what decision to make. It actually very much fits Mikado's situation since it started to be the OP during the part of the story where he has to decide what's the role of Dollars in Ikebukuro.
5. Karma
This video is actually the one you'll see in the game, not in the anime, but anyway, the anime also used the same song. I think I could say the artists didn't really know the meaning of the word Karma but, I think the message of the song fits the story of Luke, on how he is stuck from being a replica or substitute for somebody, and how it says from the song that it's still entirely possible to be somebody else.
4. Free Bird
This OP is just refreshing and at the same time sad to listen to. I don't know how to describe it, but I feel good whenever I listen to it. I can't seem to express it well but I certainly liked the build-up in the chorus part. I mean, it's pretty hard to decode since there are no lyrics at all.
3. Puzzle
This one's funky on its own way and both the video and the music is fun to watch/listen to. I find it relieving I could listen to this OP before watching the anime which actually tackles a serious issue, aside from the fact that it seemingly make fun out of it most of the time. The last part of the vid is a favorite.
2. Word of the Voice
I specifically like the face covering part in this video. Well, probably this is the best OP that could describe the show because it's about confusion and uncertainty of the protagonist on where could this "voice" be coming from. And I'm guilty I'm fond of Flow's songs ranging from Days to Colors but I specifically liked this one because it has a more serious tone (I think).
1. Ambivalent World
Hahaha, unexpected, yes? I don't know but I seem to like Miyuki Sawashiro's voice in this song. And also, I feel more attached to Kanbaru's character and how she felt towards Hitagi after those events, which made me like the lyrics. I mean, Senjogahara's smile (probably the one when she was talking to Araragi) was even explicitly stated in the lyrics and that it was the trigger of the breakdown.
Overall, I think it's hard to make a post about music. Some songs just generally comes to my liking without even warranting for an explanation. And to think I tried to explain why I liked these OPs was a headache. I don't think I would ever make a similar post like this again, but then again, I already stated via twitter that I'll be doing the top ED as well, and might as well do the Insert Songs… Didn't knew it was this hard. Then again, if I'll try to explain much of it, most of my liking, if not whim, comes from the message of the song, or simply, the lyrics, as well as the video itself.
I noticed just now, all of these has English titles 😐
image credits: pixiv user TNSK
I'd love to see the insert songs! (Bias towards Iwasawa's ballad song from AB! HAHAHA XD) I was also amazed at how you picked the list, considering you also HAD to read the subs, added to merely listening to the song. This list shows how extensive your anime compendium is already – quite admirable XD Just merely listening to the tracks in this list makes me want to watch the animes too.
You're bias, I tell you haha. If you probably watched the same amount of anime, you'd probably be having the same list or maybe not :)). Actually other might have have seen this list trashy, after all, I didn't include Baccano's OP and Tank from Cowboy Bebop (since those two are overrated).


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Is a given instance of rape more likely to result in pregnancy than a given instance of consensual sex? This paper undertakes a review and critique of the literature on rape-pregnancy. Next, it presents our own estimation, from U.S. government data, of pregnancy rates for reproductive age victims of penile-vaginal rape. Using data on birth control usage from the Statistical Abstract of the United States, we then form an estimate of rapepregnancy rates adjusted for the substantial number of women in our sample who would likely have been protected by oral contraception or an IUD. Our analysis suggests that per-incident rape-pregnancy rates exceed per-incident consensual pregnancy rates by a sizable margin, even before adjusting for the use of relevant forms of birth control. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed, as are its implications to ongoing debates over the ultimate causes of rape.
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Jonathan Gottschall received his Ph.D. in English from Binghamton University and now teaches at St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York. His research focuses on bringing a Darwinian perspective to literary analysis and his publications include articles placing events in the Homeric epics, including rape, in evolutionary context. Tiffani Gottschall received her Ph.D. in Economics from Binghamton University and now teaches at St. Lawrence University. Her research focuses on explaining fertility differentials between American Indians and other American demographic groups.
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Gottschall, J.A., Gottschall, T.A. Are per-incident rape-pregnancy rates higher than per-incident consensual pregnancy rates?. Hum Nat 14, 1–20 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-003-1014-0
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Key words
- Evolution
- Pregnancy


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Over the last decade, high-performance computing has evolved dramatically, in particular because of the accessibility to graphics processing units(GPUs) and the emergence of GPU-CPU heterogeneous architectures, which have led to a huge shift in the available medical applications for supercomputing and parallel programming.A recent paper, by author Dr. P. M. Darbyshire, show the interoperability between a parallel programming model and the graphics hardware allows us to generate dynamic interactive 3D realistic visualisations of tumour dynamics.
"We deploy the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) for the complex parallel calculations and deploy open graphics library (OpenGL) for on-the-fly 3D visualisation of the numerical simulations to continuous-discrete mathematical models of tumour dynamics. Indeed, once we have a model that is validated it is possible to more efficiently predict what should be happening in a particular biological experiment. With such a predictive model it is much easier and faster to perform virtual experiments to test hypotheses and predictions than running time consuming and costly laboratory experiments", said Darbyshire.
Clearly, being able to link the numerical results of complex mathematical models to interactive 3D visualisations that can literally update instantaneously to varying model parameters, should provide an invaluable tool for clinical physicians and research scientists. Moreover, such rapid and interactive virtual experimental representations can also facilitate oncological research and pharmaceuticals in developing and testing new anti-cancer treatment strategies.
"Implementing more integrative mathematical models that take into, for example blood flow dynamics could make it possible to use such techniques for accelerated 3D image processing, visualisation and dynamic interaction. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms that determine the spatial organisation of angiogenic growth and the topology of the resulting vascular network. Advances in medical imagining technology for studying microcirculatory and hemodynamics at the deepest level will hopefully help close this gap", said Darbyshire.
Studying the blood flow within the vasculature surrounding atumour whilst also investigating enhanced methods to visualise in 3D the supply of targets to a tumour through the blood vessel superhighway are definitely the way forward. By developing mathematical models with built in factors, such as blood pressure, viscosity, flow rates and other mechanical stress factors, we can further understand angiogenesis has a mechanism for targeting cancer directly. Being able to interact with such models in real time will allows us to experiment with parameters and dynamically change the topology and investigate other strategies for targeted therapy. For example, we could investigate the effects of capillary pruning and clipping along with self-fusion and devise an optimum pathway to the tumour to increase speed of delivery of anti-cancer treatments, all of which can be mapped and tracked in a virtual 3D laboratory.
Darbyshire and his team are currently developing new and innovative algorithms that will realise the goal of having a full interactive 3D virtual laboratory to aid oncologists, researchers and others in the fight against cancer.
Dr P. M. Darbyshire is Technical Director, Computational Biophysics Group, Algenet Cancer Research, Nottingham. UK.
3D Visualisation of Tumour-Induced Angiogenesis Using the CUDA Programming Model and OpenGL Interoperability. doi: 10.11648/j.jctr.20150305.11.
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By now, many of us already have a business cocktail, a department meal and a dinner with friends. And that Christmas has not started yet. Ahead, we have two weeks of intense social life and lots of food. Not getting fat seems an impossible mission, and for many it is. According to experts, people normally earn between 2 and 4 kilos during these holidays.
If you also want to avoid this outcome, these are the tips you should take into account.
Do not deprive yourself on the indicated days. "Christmas Eve, Christmas dinner, New Year's Eve dinner, New Year's dinner , if there is no pathology, it is totally forbidden to diet". Those days we must enjoy the delicacies that have historically been cooked in the cuisine of our family, but always in moderation. Even people who follow a diet (of thinning) should not do it on the dates indicated; "There is a psychological part that you have to take care of and it can not be that on Christmas Eve you have a grilled steak".
Not the fast. "It is counterproductive to compensate the Christmas meal with not having dinner that day or directly to fast the next day or just to drink liquids". It is always necessary to eat food since fasting could have a rebound effect and cause the alteration of energy and hormonal processes. If you want to compensate these meals, it is recommended to eat fewer calories the rest of the day but never eliminate solid foods: "On Christmas Eve we can eat a salad and two pieces of fruit and at Christmas, have two yogurts and an apple".
Routine the rest of the week. The days indicated are to enjoy the food and the rest of days to recover the routine. Between event and event, it is advisable to "eat what we usually eat during the week". That way we will not ingest more calories than normal.
Prohibited leftovers. They are the biggest enemy of the scale during the holidays. it is only finds two possible endings for these foods: "Let the children eat them or freeze them and organize a meal with them for the whole family at the end of the month". Not following these tips would take us to eat party menu (much more caloric) during all the holidays. Also the Christmas leftovers are tempting between food and food.
Keep the sweets in a closed place. They are not forbidden but you have to think that they are the dessert of the parties, that is why "we only have to take them out on the indicated days or if we have a visit". The rest of the week sweets must be under lock and key. If we have them in sight, it is easy to fall into the temptation to bite at any time.
Fruit, vegetables and whole products. "It is highly recommended to increase your consumption during these dates and even incorporate it in the dinners and festive meals". Vegetables barely contribute calories while in turn produce satiety during and after meals. In addition, being rich in vegetable fiber are absorbed more slowly so that hunger takes time to appear.
Drink a lot of water. Because if you drink water there will be other caloric fluids that you stop drinking. These would be sugary sodas or alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer. In addition, water provides a feeling of fullness and contributes to less hunger. For this it is advisable to drink two glasses just before starting a main meal.
Walk. If you play sports normally, chances are you will not leave at parties. But if your life is more sedentary you should leave this routine aside at least during these two weeks. It is best to go for a walk every day for at least 35 minutes. As incredible as it may seem, walking at a speed near 7.5 kilometers per hour burns more calories than running at 10 kilometers per hour. The reason is that when walking, more muscles are involved.
Merry Christmas Everyone!
See you soon


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In response to the lively feedback received to American Jewish Teenager, Aish.com invited a number of teens to give voice to their personal views and opinions. Rachel is 16 years old.
While I am Jewish, American, and a teenager, I don't think words can ever define me. Every teenager has a different story, a different background—a different dream. I was raised with care, love, and a strong Jewish upbringing. Shema was sung to me every night and my Torah projects were proudly attached to the fridge. My parents invested love into me and as a child I felt safe, secure. When a bully pushed me down in kindergarten I realized for the first time that not everyone loved me. I rushed home crying and my mother soothed me. Not everyone is as fortunate as I am.
Braving the cold Brooklyn streets I saw people of all shapes, sizes, races, and religions, but I assuredly knew that I had my own people. I was not a part of these swearing, angry ones. I was the little girl in shul searching for my father's tallis, the child playing merrily in the autumn leaves, oblivious to the drugs and sleazy affairs taking place behind the innocent red benches.
In fifth grade a teenager smacked my Beis Yaakov school bus and screamed "Dirty Jews!" We eight-year-old girls were not shocked, just morbidly fascinated.
When my family moved to the south everyone was friendly; the cashiers knew your name and smiled, and the lines got blurry. Gentile neighbors walking their dogs would say "Good Morning" and sometimes even "Good Sabbath". Where did we belong if they also seemed right?
Related Article: Talking Teenagers
I think the reason why teenagers are branded with the "scarlet letter" of being emotional, rebellious and filled with angst is that we are sniffing for the truth. When we feel like we cannot speak, like we cannot express our longing. When we are packaged into a mold that does not fit, we want to escape. I am blessed. Many of my friends cannot talk to their parents.
If adults were more honest with us, then we would talk. Really talk. But most of them are deluding themselves.
I know I can always talk to my mother. And not just talk—really talk. If adults were more honest with us, then we would talk. Really talk. But most of them are deluding themselves. Most of them have the same Yetzer haras, the same passions and desires that we do. How can a girl struggling to seek past externals ask her mother for help when her mother is suffering with the same problem? Even more so when her mother doesn't even admit or know about said issue?
Jealousy, anger, insincerity, stealing, gossiping – these struggles plague everyone, age one and up. It may be easier to blame these traits on "those teenagers" but wake up, America – the problems affect everyone. I am not saying that in order for a parent to communicate with his child he must be a perfect angel. But a parent has to be honest that he has flaws. Flaws are okay, flaws are imperative for human growth—embrace them! How can you expect your teen to be perfect when you are human too?
I have a lot of friends. One friend goes to a really religious school and tells me that if her principal knew she had an email address she would be kicked out. Another friend goes to public school and tells me how hard it is to be in the cafeteria and not buy the spicy fries. These girls would probably feel a lot better if they could tell their parents their struggles. But struggles sometimes are not permitted. Parents really don't want to hear it. Because they are hiding from the truth themselves.
We are searching, searching, searching. It does not help when the adults who we assume have already found the truth shame us, undermine us, misunderstand us. It is even worse when the adults we trust are hypocrites. When we find that out, we don't know what to believe in anymore.
Some of my friends are deep. We talk about, as she puts it, "the meaning of life." We talk about dating and marriage. We talk about real issues. We learn, we drink it in. We are seeking the truth, seeking to be good people.
And believe in us. We are, after all, the future.
Jewish teenagers are invited to send in their essays to firstname.lastname@example.com


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Anyone using a toaster/convection oven for small-scale production work? If so...
- how are you getting on with it?
- what type are you using?
- how reliable is it?
- what though-put do you get?
Anyone using a toaster/convection oven for small-scale production work? If so...
I'm currently achieving around 4 PPM ( pop-tarts per minute)! Pizzas per minute is slightly less.
It seems to me that a toaster oven would be far too big for the use of heating a circuit board with components to the 350 degrees Fahrenheit (170 degrees C) needed to melt the solder paste. Most toaster ovens that I'm seen are the size of microwave ovens: big enough to cook turkeys.
If 'fusing' components to a 10x10 centimeter board, it would make sense to have a closed high-temperature ceramic box that was 15x15x3 cm in size and could be heated by a high-temperature hot-air gun instead.
http://www.whizoo.com/ I purchased the oven build kit and built it very closely to the sample on the site. It works really great, a cycle takes about 5 minutes. You really need the boost element(comes with oven build kit) to make it work well.
No issues so far. I captured and plotted a few reflows with my Agilent meter. The Controleo2 was within 1-3 degrees the entire time and gave me a nice reflow profile. I think the accuracy is good enough.
I have done some 9in x 2in LED arrays, some boost controllers, and some QFN micros. All using SAC305 No-Clean, Chipquik SMD291SNL.
The worst part is the damn gold foil tape. Getting in the back corners and between the elements/sheet metal is a real pain in the ass, all while trying to stop the tape from folding onto itself.
Before I bought my Aoyue 866, I did some boards by using the toaster oven and monitoring the ambient temperature with a thermocouple. The toaster oven did a good job but you need a fan or something to cool the boards. So run the toaster oven, stop it, cool the board with a fan. Taking it out and letting it just sit at room temperature may work, but I wasn't comfortable with the idea of potentially thermally shocking things.
I also purchased one of those T962A reflow oven's for home office use after reading some reviews and thinking, wow, what a great price! The $30 toaster oven and thermocouple worked way better. The T962A's temperature measurements were way, way off. You basically have to set up an offset custom profile, and even then lead-free didn't do well - the temperature in the middle of the oven is significantly warmer than even three to five inches from the center. For a small run of small single sided boards, I put a piece of copper over the Aoyue's heating pad, soak the boards with that and low temp, low air flow out of the nozzle. I basically visually gauge and use a stopwatch and I've had success with components at .4 mm pitch and 0201. For larger stencils (0603 and larger) I cut on my Cameo, but for fine stencils OSH Stencils is the best low cost option in my opinion.
Whatever you do make sure you have some serious ventilation.
Before I bought my Aoyue 866...
Interesting unit. How is that working out for you?
The toaster oven did a good job but you need a fan or something to cool the boards. So run the toaster oven, stop it, cool the board with a fan.
I'm thinking of using a toaster oven with a fan already in and using a controller which handles the fan as part of the cycle.
I also purchased one of those T962A reflow oven's...
Review of those seem to be very mixed with the majority tending to be in the 'cheap but not great' camp.
http://www.whizoo.com/ I purchased the oven build kit and built it very closely to the sample on the site. It works really great...
Thanks, that's a nice looking setup.
I worried about melting tall plastic parts like I never use, so I went with the frypan method and heat the board from below. This precludes putting parts on the bottom side. Mine is way bigger than needed but was on sale for half the price of the little one.
The 866 is great - I've monitored the temperatures produced, and the readouts are pretty accurate. I leave the bearings a bit loose on the air guns "stand" and am able to get a decent range of motion out of it without having to hold the gun for minutes on end. I also own the Int 906 and the heating element in the gun died rather quickly. In both cases I'm not a big fan of the irons - once you have used them, the tips are incredibly difficult to change and I have damaged a number of heating elements in doing so. I tend to use my Aven for hand soldering.
On the cooling, as long as you have something to anneal the board back down to room temperature in a semi-controlled fashion, you'll be fine.
But seriously - make sure you have ventilation regardless of if your materials are lead-free or not.
We are using a Breville Toaster Oven and it does a decent job and makes crispy food in a way normal microwave can't.
That page shows three different Breville Toaster Ovens - so which one are you actually recommending?


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tent, and the labour that must have been expended on its construction. To those, however, who are interested in studying the forms of tombs, and the modes of burial of different nations, these have many remarkable peculiarities, and exhibit the type of buildings on a large scale, which will be found in all the rockcarved sepulchres, both throughout Egypt and in all the countries which derived their customs, arts, and architecture from her.
In a large outer hall, now used as a donkey-stable, and filled with dust and rubbish, we lighted our tapers, and were conducted through chamber after chamber, in most of which the sand and dirt had accumulated to within two or three feet of the roof. Some of these apartments are square, others round; but in all there was a soros or crypt opposite the door, and one on either side, for depositing the bodies; and several of them had a chimneylike aperture at the top, communicating with the open air above. In the farthest recesses of these chambers, I found holes cut in the sides through the solid stone, and leading upwards, but to what place I had no means of determining. In shape and situation they exactly resemble the air-holes that I before noticed in the chambers of the pyramids. It is surprising that a knowledge of this circumstance did not sooner lead by analogy to some reasonable explanation for the apertures in the pyramids. There was one room of great size, which struck me as remarkable ; it was circular, the doorway adorned with Doric pilasters; the roof slightly domed; and in its sides were three minor spaces, shaped like crosses, with three niches in each space for bodies, as exhibited in the plans of Dr. Clarke. In one of the distant rooms we were pointed out a narrow hole, which barely admitted the body ; this we were told led into another series of tombs, but Paulo endeavouring to creep through it, stuck fast, and as he could neither proceed nor retreat, we had to pull him out by the feet, which fortunately were within our reach.
The absence of hieroglyphics, the comparatively modern appearance of the work, the traces of Grecian architecture upon it, and there being no remains of bodies, sarcophagi, or mummycloths, to be found in or about them, leave little doubt that these catacombs are of a more recent date than has been usually assigned to them. They have been most accurately detailed by the enterprising traveller whom I have already mentioned; but from the fatigue, bruises, and the coating of dirt and mud with which I had become covered, in endeavouring to find out something
new or remarkable; which I did not, (with the exception of the air-holes, and the similarity of the ground-plan to other tombs to be mentioned hereafter,) I was, I must confess, on the whole, disappointed. But with regard to this, as well as all the other subjects of antiquity which I had an opportunity of examining in this country, I must say, that I am of opinion that, although so much has been done already, fully as much more remains for future explorers.
As the lake Mareotis lay but a short way from this place, I spent the remainder of my ride in examining it. The shores of this lake are quite flat, presenting the same appearance all round; and seeing a raised spot from which to view it, I rode onward for a great distance, momentarily expecting I should come to it, but it still seemed to recede, and appeared as far off as ever ; thus affording a singular optical deception, similar to that sometimes seen upon the desert.
The ground here affords a good specimen of fossil formation ; thousands of bivalve shells (the cardiacea) are to be seen imbedded in the sand, and coated over with an incrustation of chloride of sodium. Some of these shells are loose in the sand; others quite hardened, and with difficulty detached, as the sand is yearly consolidating, the greater part of the sea-water having been evaporated or drained off, and, with few exceptions, the hinges of these shells were turned towards the lake, or the last retiring wave. Should this fact be found to hold good elsewhere, it might enable us to give some probable opinion as to the direction in which water receded in other formations. Large quantities of sand, impregnated with common salt, are dug up here, and carried to Alexandria to be refined ; and from it the principal supply of salt for this part of the country is obtained. This substance is also collected in smaller pieces in the form of thin plates, not unlike ice, over the holes where the water has evaporated, since the embankment was broken down at the time of the French occupation of Egypt in the first years of this century.
The climate was then so cold, that not deeming it prudent to go farther up the country, we determined to try the coast of Asia Minor ; but before I leave this place, or conclude this part of my narrative, I am anxious to condense my scattered notes into a more regular form, upon that most important topic :- An Inquiry into the present state of Egypt under Mohammad Alee-which will be considered in the next chapter.
in which water o give some probahnd to hold good of the last
The present condition of Egypt and character of Mohammad Alee-Diversity of Opinions
Impressions received in the Country Parts and in the Cities-Egypt tried by an unfair stan. dard-Prophecies of Ezekiel-Introduction of the Memlooks—Their debasing GovernmentTestimony of Volney-War of 1802-Rise of Mohammad Alee-Destruction of the Memlook Beya--Exchange of Tyrants-Native Instruction-Colleges, Institutions, and FactoriesGrades in Society--Railroads-Steamerg-Basha's Household-Hig Knowledge of the StateAffection for his Wife_Taxation-Effects of the Battle of Koniah-Regeneration of Egypt, & Fulfilment of Prophecy-Affairs in the East-Political State of Egypt-Instability of the Turkish Empire-Extent of Mohammad Alee's Territory-Consequence of this returning to the Porte-Symbol of the Euphrates-Right to Independence-Present State of TurkeySooltan's Rule compared with the Viceroy's Effect of Mohammad Alee's Independence on European Powers-His Hereditary Possession.
The extraordinary diversity of opinions expressed in Egypt as well as in Europe, regarding the character and government of Mohammad Alee, and the present state of that country, over which he rules, is so remarkable, as to demand an inquiry how those opinions have arisen, and how views so different have in their turn been adopted by the visitor and the writer.
Opinions as opposite as the poles, are daily formed and promulgated by the traveller, and these will be found to arise not so much from previously conceived ideas, as from the mode in which he views the country, and the reception he there meets with ; circumstances which must, even to the mind least liable to be prejudiced, tend to bias its judgment. A few years ago, Europe rang with the praises of this wonderful man, and lauded the regeneration which he had been the means of bringing about in this ancient, highly-favoured, but long-degraded land. It has now become the fashion to decry the character of the viceregal occupant of the throne of the Pharaohs. Let us see how these opinions are formed.
A traveller arriving in Egypt, by way of the Red Sea, lands at Cossier, and reaches the Nile in the vicinity of the first cata
tend to bias ist, even to then he there
ract, for the purpose of examining the ruins of Thebes, Luxor, and Karnak, and the other antiquities of Upper Egypt. The impression there received of the former grandeur of this ancient people is brought into the strongest contrast with the present unutterable poverty and wretchedness of the natives. Nay, the trivial circumstance of their inhabiting, in all the squalid misery of want, those mighty monuments of their bygone glory, affects his mind, and warps it from a sober and impartial judgment. Unprovided, perhaps, with the magic signature of Mohammad Alee, numberless obstacles present themselves to his antiquarian researches, and the very difficulty he experiences in procuring a kanghia to convey him down the Nile, (all the boats here belonging to the Basha,) prejudice him against the fellaheen; to obtain redress of whom, for some fancied wrong, he applies to the next ravenous sheykh, who, for a bribe of a few piasters, submits the unfortunate and ignorant accused to the agonies of the koorbag—the rhinoceros-skin whip.
As he proceeds down the river against untoward winds, and suffering daily annoyances from want of the luxuries he has been accustomed to, he meets the conscription-officer and the tax-gatherer, in the full exercise of their hated and oppressive power; the former of whom, he sees dragging the peasant from his home, and followed to the water's edge by the curses of the infirm, and the wailings of the mother and the wife; while many of those who are left behind have purchased their exemption by the mutilation of their limbs, or the partial deprivation of their sight; and moreover he beholds much of this fertile land lying waste for want of cultivation.
Arrived at Cairo, disgusted with the country, and out of humour with himself, he looks with a jaundiced eye upon the modern manufactories, and other improvements made by the viceroy, whose reception of him may no doubt remove some of the impressions he had already received on his voyage down the Nile, but which may be shortly afterwards restored, perhaps, by the company he meets at his consul's, or the renegade European instructors he may find at his hotel, at the faro table, or in the billiard-room.
On the other hand, a traveller landing at Alexandria, receives the opinions of the agent or consul he may be most in contact with, whose judgment may, in turn, have been biassed for or
against the government by the result of his last presentation at . court—by the political feelings towards the Basha, of the nation he represents—or, by the result of the last commercial speculation he has had with Mohammad Alee, who, being the sole merchant of the country, transacts his business in person, and often drives a hard bargain. It is the object of all who are not then in favour, to enumerate to the traveller every instance of oppression or fancied misgovernment; and to place before him those dreary pictures which almost every country affords of hardship and distress.
Again, another visitor appears furnished with such recommendation as insures him a certain degree of attention at court; a deal of pains is consequently taken that he shall see every thing in the best possible light, and it is the business of the officials to make the most favourable representations to him of every circumstance connected with the state of the country, in order to raise it the more highly in his estimation. Thus, he is led to see thriving manufactories, public schools, and splendid hospitals, together with well-disciplined troops, fully qualified instructors, artizans skilful in their different departments, and a well-fed population crowding the principal and most opulent parts of the city. To all these his views are at first generally confined, and in the din and bustle of such movements, the court paid to himself, and the interest excited by the novelty and diversity of the scene, he knows not, or hears not, of the misery without. Poverty and oppression are studiously kept out of sight, and should he ascend into the country, he is borne along in all the ease and luxury which can be furnished, and with such supplies for his comfort, that he has no opportunity of demanding from the inhabitants what they could not possibly procure. Yea, more than this—it is a positive fact, that he is frequently supplied with every necessary for his journey, at the expense of the very man whose government he is going to review. In a word, his first impressions are received, and his opinions formed, from the extreme good he has witnessed and enjoyed in the neighbourhood of the city, as those of the other are formed from his observations of the extreme ill seen in the country parts.
Egypt has been tried by the standard of civilization and refinement at present to be met with in the countries of Europe ; whereas, to make a fair comparison, we should try her by the


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Yesterday marked 39 weeks and it was the first day that I really felt pregnant (you know achy back, unmotivated, tired & big)! I'm just thankful that I've made it this far with so much energy!
I'm really in awe that I'm at 39 weeks! I remember all the way back in August when we found out thinking that April was forever away and then during September when I was dealing with morning sickness I didn't know how I was going to make it through each day! Yet somehow it's April already and we're going to meet baby Paxton soon!
This past week has been good. I've felt great for the most part, getting out of bed is a bit trickier and a few nights I woke up about 6 or 7 times but I haven't been unable to sleep which I'm so thankful for!
We went to the doctor on Monday and had a great visit (all except for the fact that I somehow gained 6 pounds…I think it was partially due to having a steak, mashed potatoes & 3 rolls at Logan's before my visit, at least that's what I'll tell myself!) I was 70% effaced and about 1 centimeter dilated. We also scheduled to go ahead and induce on Friday (tomorrow!) My doctor induces after 39 weeks and doesn't like pregnancies to go beyond 40 so we decided to go ahead and induce on the 16th (which is John David's dad's birthday and also my "due date" according to my calculations!) So unless I go into labor today, we'll be going in at 6 a.m. tomorrow morning to have baby Paxton! (I know inducing is a controversial issue but we fully trust our doctor and are comfortable with our decision.)
I am dealing with mixed emotions at this point. Last night I had a brief moment of sadness because the realization that John David and I will no longer be "just us" hit me. I know things will change and many will be good changes but I will miss being able to tag along with him at work and just deciding to go do things at the spur of the moment. Even though I have some of those emotions, I'm so thrilled to finally meet this baby boy…I've been dreaming of being a mommy since I was 4 years old and playing mommy to my many dolls!