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Late Quaternary environmental changes recorded in the Danish marine molluscan faunas
K. Strand Petersen
The main result of this work was the comparison between the fossil faunas and the mollusc faunas now living before our eyes using the C.G.J. Petersen bottom community concept step by step in the seven stages from the Eemian to the Subatlantic within the seven regions in the Danish realm.
It appears that the differences in facies made the difference between the regions and that the more temperate Eemian marine fauna was only connected with the shallow water environment.
The climatic changes recorded in the mollusc fauna have given a clear record as far as the main trends are concerned – the interglacial/glacial cycle, however, the climatic changes during the Holocene were small.
Colophon, contents, abstract, introduction Danish sites with marine sediments (pdf, 0.4 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
The Danish Late Quaternary marine molluscs (pdf, 0.9 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
The Skagen Well (pdf, 0.2 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
The Skagen Well – Fig. 93 (pdf, 0.3 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
The environmental changes through time in the seven sectors based on the molluscan records (pdf, 0.5 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
The environmental changes within the seven regions through the Late Quaternary evaluated by the molluscan communities met within the seven stages (pdf, 0.2 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
Concluding remarks, Acknowledgements, References, List of Synomyms, Index of species (pdf, 0.2 Mb) K. Strand Petersen
Recent species, Subfossil species, Recent species sorted after climatic affinities, Subfossil species sorted after climatic affinities (pdf, 0.1 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
The washed samples (pdf, 0.1 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
Sedimentological and fossil data from the Skagen Wells 3 and 4 (pdf, 0.4 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
Radiocarbon dating of the Skagen Core (pdf, 0.1 Mb)J. Heinemeier
Evaluation of the recent marine bivalve bottom community off the Limfjord isthmus based on 61 van Veen grab samples (pdf, 0.4 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
The Molluscan species recorded within the 7 areas through the 7 stages (pdf, 0.4 Mb)K. Strand Petersen
Late Quaternary, marine deposits in Denmark have yielded 247 subfossil species of molluscs. The sites are presented, and comparisons are made between the subfossil mollusc assemblages and the 278 shell-bearing mollusc species presently living in the Danish seas. 184 species are common to the two groups. The 63 species no longer occurring around Denmark are used as indicators of changing environmental conditions, including temperature, salinity and depth, throughout the last 130 000 years. Seven modern faunal regional units are defined and considered: the Bælt, the Baltic, the Kattegat, the Limfjord, the North Sea and the Vendsyssel regions, and the Skagen area based on the Skagen III Well DGU File No. 1.287. The Late Quaternary, marine, shell-bearing molluscs, comprising 341 subfossil and recent species, are characterised from the point of view of climatic (i.e. Arctic, Subarctic, Boreal and Lusitanian) affinities and animal–sediment relationships. On this background the faunal and environmental evolution recorded in the 217 m long Skagen Well core is analysed and described. The mollusc assemblages in the Skagen sequence indicate a deeper-water facies during the Eemian, the Weichselian and the older Holocene in contrast to what hitherto was known in other parts of the Danish area during the Late Quaternary. For the Skagen Well the chronozones Preboreal/Boreal, Atlantic, Subboreal and Subatlantic can be identified by 14C dating. The environmental changes within the seven regions through the Late Quaternary are evaluated by depicting the molluscan communities encountered in the seven Late Quaternary stages together with remarks on studies of the neighbouring areas. By following the marine communities through the Late Quaternary in the light of the classical bottom communities sensu C.G.J. Petersen, it is demonstrated how facies have changed both through time and space within the Danish marine realm. The well-established, more temperate Eemian marine fauna was closely associated with shallow-water environments. The inferred climatic changes reflect an interglacial–glacial cycle. However, the climatically induced changes during the Holocene in the marine environment were small and overshadowed by the facies changes. Out of the 341 species recorded in this study, 140 occur in the Eemian, 36 in the Early/Middle Weichselian and 41 in the Late Weichselian. The Holocene fauna is represented by 183 species of shell-bearing molluscs, of which the first recorded occurrence of 148 species has been radiocarbon-dated.
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Price: DKK 200 (ex VAT and postage)


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Academy goalkeeper Jay Lynch is set to take a place on the substitutes' bench when Bolton entertain Bristol City in the npower Championship.
Summer signing Andy Lonergan, deputy to number one Adam Bogdan, is laid low with a knee injury that brings 19-year-old Lynch into the reckoning.
Jimmy Phillips will take charge of the first match since Owen Coyle was sacked as manager at the start of last week, and the caretaker boss told Wanderers' official website: "Unfortunately Andy has picked up a knee injury and we are still waiting to discover the full extent of it. He's one who won't be available for this weekend.
"Jay Lynch will be drafted into the squad and it is a good opportunity for him. He has previously been on the bench in the Premier League last season, so we know he will cope fine with that.
"Aside from Andy and our long-term injuries which have been well documented, we've got a clean bill of health. We are looking forward to welcoming back the five lads who have been away on international duty and working with them."
Republic of Ireland midfielder Keith Andrews, South Korea wideman Lee Chung-Yong and England Under-21 striker Marvin Sordell head the international contingent, while Stuart Holden, David Wheater and Josh Vela (all knee) are the long-term absentees.
Stephen McManus is set to make his second Bristol City debut.
The 30-year-old defender joined the club on a three-month loan deal on Wednesday from Middlesbrough.
McManus, who enjoyed a previous loan spell at Ashton Gate towards the end of last season, has only made one appearance for Boro this term.
Fellow defender Joe Byran is expected to return after missing the Robins' last two games with concussion.
The duo's return will be a huge boost for manager Derek McInnes who has been desperately short at the back in recent weeks.
Midfielder Marvin Elliott faces a late check on a groin problem but could be named as a substitute.
Left-back Greg Cunningham is still a couple of weeks away as he continues to recover from an ankle problem.
Source: PA
Source: PA

subset: commoncrawl


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Pinterest is FULL of brilliant boredom busters that are super simple to make, but I don't know how many times I've decided to try one and then realized I was missing a key ingredient. So I created this list of more than 50 amazing boredom busters that can be made with these 8 household items.
- Borax
- White or Clear School Glue
- Baking Soda
- White Vinegar
- Corn Starch
- Shaving Cream
- Dish Soap
- Food Coloring
As long as you keep these items in stock – you'll always have a project ready to combat boredom at almost any age!
Dish Soap Silly Putty with corn starch and dish soap
DIY Window Clings with glue, dish soap, and food coloring
Homemade Finger Paint with cornstarch, food coloring, dish soap (and sugar)
Magic Milk Painting with food coloring, dish soap (and milk)
Marbled Paper with food coloring, dish soap (and milk)
Launching Cork Rockets with baking soda and vinegar
Bubble Snakes with dish soap and water
More Advanced Rockets with baking soda and vinegar
Lego Volcanoes with baking soda, vinegar, and dish soap
Make Foam Paint with shaving cream, glue, and food coloring
Shaving Cream Painting & Marbling with shaving cream & food coloring
Make it rain with shaving cream clouds and food coloring
Make Fizzing Cloud Foam with baking soda, shaving cream, and vinegar
Try some glue resist art with glue and food coloring (or watercolors)
Make stained glass with glue and food coloring
Try painting with glue and salt for fun effects
Here's another fun way to paint with glue and salt
DIY Puffy Paint with glue, shaving cream, and food coloring
Tons of fun ideas for your DIY puffy paint
DIY Gak with borax, food coloring, and glue
Painting on wet glue with food coloring
Melting, fizzing dough with corn starch, baking soda, food coloring and vinegar
Make fizzy mud with baking soda, food coloring, and vinegar
Erupting Paint with baking soda, food coloring, and vinegar
Make a baking soda/vinegar powered boat
Make a tornado in a jar with dish soap and vinegar
Give your toy cars an exploding car wash!
Hatching Dinosaur eggs with baking soda, vinegar, and food coloring
Rainbow Oobleck with corn starch and food coloring
Fizzy Rainbow Slush with corn starch, baking soda, food coloring, and vinegar
How to get the BEST baking soda and vinegar reactions with dish soap
Shaving Cream Writing Practice is a blast for littles learning letters
Make Bath Paints with shaving cream and food coloring
Break Open Fizzing Treasure Chests with baking soda, vinegar, and food coloring
DIY Sidewalk Chalk Paint with cornstarch and food coloring
Make your own Bouncy Balls with borax, glue, corn starch, and food coloring
Beautiful pressed flower ornaments with baking soda, corn starch, and glue
Cloud Dough with corn starch and shaving cream
DIY Edible Finger Paints with cornstarch, food coloring (and sugar)
Exploding Sidewalk Chalk Bags with cornstarch, food coloring, baking soda, and vinegar
Dreamy Fairy Dough with corn starch, food coloring (and hair conditioner)
Soapy Sea Foam with dish soap, corn starch, and food coloring
Cornstarch Ornaments with corn starch and baking soda
Modeling Clay with baking soda and corn starch
Frozen Popsicle Chalk with cornstarch and food coloring
Sludge made with corn starch, dish soap, and food coloring
Make pretend melting ice cream with cornstarch
Make clay with glue and cornstarch
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Zaatar w Zait Menu Card (Kuwait)
Zaatar w Zeit owned by the Lebanese company Breakfast & Co. S.A.L. is an urban eatery founded in Lebanon in 1999 and operating with 13 branches in Lebanon and more than 20 franchises in theMiddle East including 12 in the UAE. The name Zaatar W Zeit (stylized as zaatar w zeit) refers to thyme or "zaatar" in Arabic, a common Middle Eastern herb used in Arabic cuisine. They are one of the few restaurants having a nice website ( http://www.zaatarwzeit.net/ ) and they do have home delivery.
We had breakfast at the marina mall branch and you can CHECK OUT OUR REVIEW HERE !


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Problema ni Aling Gina kauganay sa kanyang pagbubuntis (Womens Desk) Serbisyong Kasangbahay January 18, 2017
Serbisyong Kasangbahay January 06, 2017 Law Profile: Ipinagbabawal ba ng batas ang mga Fixers sa Government Agencies
Law Profile: Labag ba sa Saligang Batas na tangihan ng Ospital ang taong magpapagamot ngunit walang pera? Serbisyong Kasangbahay December...
Infringement of Trademark Serbisyong Kasangbahay December 23, 2016
Mr. Ryan Salvador, Head, Public Assistance – LTFRB talks about Oplan Isnabero
Krav Maga Philippines' instructors, Regina Ongsiako and Ricky Ganacias demonstrate self-defense to protect yourself from bag snatching situation.
Krav Maga Philippines' instructors, Regina Ongsiako and Ricky Ganacias demonstrate self-defense for women to escape a rape situation.
The Philippine Broadcast Hub
UNTV, 915 Barangay Philam,
EDSA, Quezon City M.M. 1104
(+632) 8396-8688 (Tel)
email@example.com (General inquiries)
UNTV is a major TV broadcast network with 24-hour programming. An Ultra High Frequency station with strong brand content that appeal to everyone, UNTV is one of the most trusted and successful Philippine networks that guarantees wholesome and quality viewing experience.


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Now showing items 1-9 of 9
Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance's 3rd Cumulative Report [Flier]
This flier notes: "Learn what NARA is doing to develop a renewable fuel economy in the Pacific Northwest that uses wood from slash piles (forest residuals) to make biojet fuel and other co-products."
CO2 and Biofuel Transportation Adventure Race
In this lesson, students will be tasked with determining the best method of transporting slash from the environment to a pretreatment facility. Students will be given a choice of one of three transportation methods and ...
Biomass Adventure Race
This adventure race lesson covers the four key stages of the biomass supply chain: production, pre-‐processing, conversion, and supplying to consumers.
Value of the Slash of a Tree
In this lesson students will look at forest ecosystems and determine the estimated slash of the tress. Other forest ecosystem discussions can be implemented as well such as fire ecology.
Making Chemistry Visible
The objective of this lesson is to explain and demonstrate the chemical process of turning woody biomass into biofuel.
Effects of Residual Biomass Harvesting on Soil Productivity
This flier reviews the effects that biomass harvesting has on soil productivity
Plant Cell Walls to Alcohols
This lesson looks at the break down of plant material to demonstrate the production of biofuels.
Northwest Forest Residuals to Power a Commercial Flight
This flier reads: "The Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance is producing bio-jet fuel to be used for a demonstration flight anticipated in Spring 2016. This event, when completed, will represent the first commercial ...
Beetle Kill to Bioenergy
This lesson explores bioenergy as a clean and alternative energy resource for powering communities. Students will use nonfiction narrative that tells the story of Eagle Valley Clean Energy (EVCE) in Colorado as well as the ...


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February 15, 2017
The Library Board is governed by the Libraries Act and provincially legislated regulations that impact the operation of public libraries.
The Library Board, through the Library Co-coordinator, has responsibility for the day-to-day operation of Valleyview Municipal Library. The Library Co-coordinator shall be deemed to be responsible for the management of the library.
The Library Board shall develop and keep current, by-laws and policies so as to provide direction regarding the operation of the libraries:
a) For Library Trustees
b) For Valleyview Municipal Library, to the Library Co-coordinator, staff and volunteers.
The Library Board has been in establishment since October 5, 1970.
201.1 Legal Name of the Library Board
Incorporated under the name "Town of Valleyview Library Board" and commonly known as Town of Valleyview Library Board.
Established, October 5, 1970.
LEGAL REF: Town of Valleyview, By-Law 21-70
201.2 Legal Status of the Library Board
The Library Board has all the powers and responsibilities provided to libraries under the Libraries Act and attendant regulations including the development of appropriate by-laws.
LEGAL REF: Libraries Act, Section 7
201.3 General Powers and Duties of the Library Board
The rights, powers, duties and liabilities of Library Trustees rest only with the legally constituted Library Board, and not with committees of Trustees or individual Trustees, unless they have been given the power to act by a Board motion.
The Library Board sees its general duties as:
a) Policy Making: The Library Board is responsible for the development, adoption and implementation of policies and by-laws.
b) Planning: The Library Board is responsible for setting long and short term goals in order to implement stated objectives.
c) Financial Management: The Library Board shall undertake to assure that the libraries have sufficient funds for regular operations, for special projects, and for capital needs. It shall develop and produce an annual budget for submission to the Town of Valleyview and MD of Greenview No. 16.
d) Evaluation: The Library Board is responsible for evaluating the effectiveness of its policies and their implementation, and for updating goals and objectives on an ongoing basis.
e) Public Relations: The Library Board shall act as a liaison between the library and the community.
201.4 Membership on the Library Board
201.4.1 Voting Membership
The Library Board shall consist of not fewer than five and not more than 10 members appointed by Town Council. Not more than two (2) representatives of Town or M.D. council may be members of the Board.
As per a mutual understanding between the Town of Valleyview and the M.D. of Greenview # 16, the Library Board should consist of a balanced number of individuals representing the Town and the M.D. of Greenview #16 communities. For example, the Board may consist of:
a) One representative of Town of Valleyview Council
b) One representative of The Municipal District of Greenview #16
c) Trustees (No fewer than three - no more than eight members) being residents of either the Town of Valleyview or the Municipal District of Greenview No. 16.
LEGAL REF: Town of Valleyview, By-Law 21-70
All Library Board trustees are encouraged to hold a current borrower's card in good standing at The Valleyview Municipal Library.
201.4.2 Ex-Officio Members
The Valleyview Municipal Library Co-ordinator shall attend as an ex-officio member without voting privileges at all regular meetings and may assist or attend special or committee meetings as required.
201.4.3 Appointment
Recommendations for appointments of members-at-large shall be made at regular meetings of the Town of Valleyview Council or M.D. #16 of Greenview Council. A person who is an employee of either municipal board is not eligible to be a member of that board.
Trustee candidates will be appointed by Town of Valleyview Council at Council Meetings.
Any vacancy arising from any cause must be filled by Council as soon as reasonably possible for Council to do so.
201.5 Term of Office for Library Trustees
The term of office for the Library Board shall be three years.
When appointments are made in respect of a first municipal board, council shall, as nearly as may be possible, appoint 1/3 of the members for a term of one year, 1/3 of the members for two (2) years and the remaining members for a term of three years.
Trustees are eligible to be reappointed for two (2) additional consecutive terms of office after which a 2/3 majority of their municipal council must pass a resolution to reappoint for more than three (3) consecutive terms.
Notwithstanding this section, the term of office of a member continues until a member is appointed in that member's place.
LEGAL REF: Libraries Act: Section 4 (4)
201.6 Organization of the Library Board
The Library Board consists of up to ten library trustees duly appointed. At the organizational meeting in May, elections shall be held for the following positions:
a) Chairperson
b) Vice-Chairperson
c) Secretary
d) Treasurer
e) Any other officers the Board considers necessary
Standing Committees will elect their own Chairpersons.
LEGAL REF: Libraries Act Section 32
201.7 Library Board Vacancies
Vacancies on the Board shall be advertised by the Town of Valleyview Council, and in the MD of Greenview No. 16 newsletter.
202.1 Code of Ethics of the Library Board
Library Trustees shall abide by the Code of Ethics found in:
APPENDIX REF: 202.1A Trustee Code of Ethics
202.2 Elections or Resignation of Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson
a) At the organizational meeting the Library Board shall elect one of its members at large as Chairperson and another member at large as Vice-Chairperson to hold office for that year. At subsequent organizational meetings these same members may be reelected to these positions.
b) If the Chairperson through illness, absence or other cause is unable to perform the duties of his/her office, the Vice-Chairperson has all the powers of office and shall perform all the duties of the Chairperson during his or her inability or absence.
c) The Chairperson is an ex-officio member of all committees of the Library Board including Standing and Ad Hoc committees.
d) The Chairperson may resign his/her position as Chairperson while retaining his/her seat on the Library Board.
202.3 Role and Responsibilities of the Chairperson and Vice Chairperson
1) Chairperson
As leader of the Library Board the Chairperson's primary function is to assist the Library Board in achieving two basic needs:
a) To operate as a group
b) To achieve its goals
The Chairperson's specific functions are to:
c) Conduct meetings
d) Be responsible to enact the duties of Chairperson
e) Speak on behalf of the Library Board as the Board's chief spokesperson.
f) Represent the Library Board at public functions.
The Chairperson shall be thoroughly familiar with agenda items and confer with the Library Co-coordinator and Board Secretary on the preparation of the agenda (i.e. items to be included and the order). In addition, the Chairperson must be skillful in leading discussion, questioning, listening and discerning when to call for a vote. Further, the Chairperson must be consistent in following Robert's Rules of Order for the meeting and respect the rights of the trustees while always directing the discussion to the topic before the Library Board.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Chairperson's main duty is to ensure that each member of the Library Board has a full and fair opportunity to be heard and understood by his/her peers so that a collective opinion can be developed that is truly based on the thinking of the group. The importance of this duty transcends all others.
The Chairperson is the official spokesperson for the Library Board and should confine himself/herself to Library Board policy and whatever interpretation it may require. The Chairperson may delegate this responsibility. From time to time, it may be necessary for the Chairperson to take a position for the Library Board. The Chairperson must always make it known that the position is just that and is not an official position of the Library Board until it has been ratified by the Library Board.
From time to time the Chairperson may be requested to represent the Library Board. These activities would be attended by the Chairperson or delegated to the Vice-Chairperson or other Library Trustee.
2) Vice-Chairperson
If the Chairperson through illness, absence or other cause is unable to perform the duties of his/her office, the Vice-Chairperson has all the powers and shall perform all the duties of the Chairperson during his/her absence.
If both the Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson through illness, absence or other cause are unable to perform the duties of the office, the Library Board shall appoint an acting Chairperson, who thereupon rest all the powers and duties of the Chairperson.
In addition, the Vice-Chairperson shall carry out such duties as may be assigned by the Chairperson such as being official spokesperson of the Library Board. The Vice-Chairperson is an ex-officio officer of the Library Board on committees or other assignments when officially requested by the Chairperson.
It is important for the Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson to establish a two-way communication level that will complement both in performing their functions.
3) Secretary
The Secretary shall be responsible for recording minutes of all regular meetings of the Board, and will ensure that minutes are forwarded to the Town of Valleyview and M.D. of Greenview No. 16, and a copy placed on file at the Library. The Secretary shall prepare correspondence when so directed by the Board.
4) Treasurer
The Treasurer shall review all financial reports on a monthly and annual basis.
201.7 Organization of the Board
202.2 Roles and Responsibility of the Chairman of the Board
202.4 Role and Responsibilities of Committee Chairpersons
Committee Chairpersons shall be responsible for calling a meeting, setting the agenda, chairing the meeting, reporting back to the Library Board.
The Library Board recognizes that the development and adoption of by-laws, policy and the revision of existing policy is one of its primary responsibilities and a vehicle by which the Board exercises its mandate to govern. The by-laws and policies approved by the Board set the framework by which the libraries can attain the goals expressed throughout this handbook. The Board recognizes that its by-laws and policies should be specific enough to provide positive direction yet allow flexibility, situational judgment and initiative on the part of staff. The Library Board relies on their management to implement by-laws and policies set by the Board. For Valleyview Municipal Library, the Director is the Library Co-coordinator.
203.1 Formulation of By-laws and Policy
a) Development of by-laws and policies is a continuous process. In order to meet changing needs and circumstances, Board by-laws and policies shall be periodically reviewed and revised as necessary.
b) The Library Board recognizes that input of those most affected by by-law and policy decisions is critical and hereby establishes a Policy Committee to make recommendations to the Library Board. Library staff are encouraged to review the Policy Handbook and bring potential issues to the attention of the Library Co-coordinator or Library Board.
c) The Policy Committee shall be responsible for preparing draft by-laws and policies, for analyzing policy alternatives, and for assisting the Policy Committees in their policy discussions.
d) The Policy Committee shall be responsible for the arrangements necessary to have by-laws ratified by the Town of Valleyview and M.D. of Greenview No. 16 Councils.
f) The Valleyview Municipal Library Co-ordinator shall be responsible for forwarding all new and revised by-laws and policies after approval by the Board, to Alberta Public Libraries Branch department for filing.
APPENDIX 203.1A: Policy on Policymaking
203.2 Revision of By-laws and Policy
The need to maintain and update by-laws and policies is paramount if the policy handbook is to serve staff and public as a guide to the operations of the Library. The Policy Committee shall review by-laws or policies that are no longer functional.
It is the duty and responsibility of all employees to bring to the attention of the management any by-laws or policies that are no longer relevant. The Valleyview Municipal Library Co-ordinator shall ensure that policies are reviewed every three years.
203.3 Approval of By-laws and Policies
By-laws must receive three successful readings by the Library Board to be approved. The by-laws shall then be sent to the Town of Valleyview Council for ratification. (If in future, the Board becomes an Inter-Municipal Library Board and is registered as such with Alberta Municipal Affairs, then the By-laws will also be ratified by the M.D. #16 of Greenview Council as well). The by-law shall be deemed to be in effect on the date of the third reading by the Library Board.
Copies of the by-laws shall be available at the public desk and placed in the Policy Handbook. A copy of the by-law shall be also filed with the Alberta Public Libraries Branch.
The Library Board approves a draft policy in one reading. It then becomes official policy of the Library; effective on the date it is approved. All current policies are contained in the Policy Handbook. Policy may, at the Board's discretion, include regulations or rules for dealing with details of procedure. In the Policy handbook they are identified by a number code followed by "R".
Administrative practices designated "A.P." and Appendices may be amended or deleted by the Library Co-coordinator or management as required. If appropriate, they may be presented to the Board as information.
203.3.1 Voting via E-Mail
First Reading: October 19, 2016
Second Reading: November 16, 2016
Third Reading: February 15, 2017
Motion to approve: Trustee D. Stewart, Trustee L. Urness
All in favour. Carried.
In exceptional situations, a vote on policy or procedure may be called for via e-mail by the Board Chair or Vice-Chair.
Each Board Trustee has one vote per issue. Two-thirds of all active trustees must vote for the vote to be valid. Proxy voting will not be allowed for e-mail votes. The results of the e-mail vote will be ratified and recorded in the minutes of the next regular board meeting.
203.3.2 Policy Handbook
(i) Proposed changes to policy shall be presented for approval to the Library Board at the next regular meeting of the Library Board.
(ii) All additions or deletions to the Policy Handbook will be distributed as soon as Library Board approval is received.
(iii) A copy of the Policy Handbook shall be provided to each Library Trustee and Alberta Library Branch. A copy of the Policy Handbook will be kept at the circulation desk of each Library.
(iv) Policy Handbook shall be reviewed every three years.
(v) The Policy Handbook will be updated electronically.
203.4 Committees of the Library Board
a) Whereas the Library Board recognizes that time constraints of regular Board meetings preclude in-depth examination of many major issues, problems and interest areas, it shall establish certain standing committees for major areas of responsibility and may from time to time, establish ad-hoc committees for specific purposes. In addition, the Board may appoint members as representatives to other boards or associations.
b) Appointments to standing committees are normally made annually at the organizational meeting.
c) The Library Board Chairperson is an ex-officio member of all committees.
203.4.1 Committees of the Library Board
(i) Policy Committee: The Policy Committee shall annually review the policy handbook, and update and/or draft policy for adoption by the Library Board.
(ii) Finance Committee: The Finance Committee shall review monthly and annual financial reports and budgets for recommendation to the Library Board.
(iii) Personnel Committee: The Personnel Committee shall make recommendations to the Board of Trustees with respect to hiring, probation period, annual evaluation and dismissal of the Library Co-coordinator. With the Library Co-coordinator, they shall participate in the hiring of staff, and review staff grievances as set out in Section 402.8.
REF: Section 402.8 Appeal Procedures
203.4.2 Temporary Ad Hoc Committees of the Library Board
The Library Board may from time to time establish ad hoc committees for specific purposes. It is understood that an ad hoc committee automatically dissolves when it has completed its mandate.
203.5 Legal Counsel
When necessary, the Library Board may consult with or engage the services of legal staff.
203.6 Conflict of Interest for Library Trustees
In the case of a conflict of interest, Library Trustees shall abide by the Code of Ethics as attached in the appendix.
APPENDIX REF: 202.1A Trustee Code of Ethics
203.7 Library Board Self-Evaluation
The Library Board will undergo an annual self-evaluation.
APPENDIX REF: 203.7A Self-Evaluation Criteria
204.1 Open Meetings Law
Regular meetings of the Library Board are open to the public.
204.2 Regular Library Board Meetings
The Library Board shall at its annual organizational meeting in May set the times and dates for the regular Library Board meetings for the subsequent year.
LEGAL REF: Libraries Act, Section 5.33(1)
204.3 Special Board Meetings
The Chairperson may call special meetings of the Library Board, as necessary.
204.4 In-Camera Sessions of the Library Board
When the majority of Library Trustees present at a meeting of the Library Board determine it is in the public interest to hold the meeting or a part of the meeting in private (in-camera) for the purpose of considering matters of a sensitive nature (e.g. personnel, legal, negotiations), the Library Board may by resolution meet in-camera to discuss a matter(s) agreed upon during the open portion of a regular meeting. The recording of minutes will cease and members of the public will be asked to step outside the room until such time as the confidential discussion is concluded and the open meeting resumes.
In the event that no trustee is willing to make such a motion, the Chairperson of the meeting may so move. The motion must gain majority Library Board approval before the meeting may go in-camera.
When a meeting is held in-camera, the Library Board does not have the power to pass a resolution apart from the motion necessary to revert to an open meeting.
The details of an in-camera session are private and confidential. No person present shall take any notes or disclose any details of discussion held.
204.5 Organizational Meetings of the Library Board
The Library Board shall hold an organizational meeting annually in the month of May.
204.6 Annual Report of the Library Board
The Library Board through its management shall prepare an annual public report to be approved by the Library Board and then submitted to the Alberta Public Libraries Branch by the end of February each year. The management for Valleyview Municipal Library is the Library Co-coordinator.
LEGAL REF: Library Regulations: Part 3 (15)
204.7 Notice of Library Board Meetings
Notification to members shall be five days prior to a regular Library Board meeting. Each Library Trustee shall be provided with an agenda, minutes of the previous meeting, reports, and pertinent background information for consideration.
A minimum of 48 hours notification shall be given for a Special Library Board meeting. A special meeting may be held with less than 48 hours notice only with the consent of two-thirds majority of the Library Board.
CROSS REF: 204.2 Regular Library Board Meetings
204.3 Special Library Board Meetings
204.8 Quorum for Library Board Meetings
A quorum is a majority of the members of the Library Board.
No act or proceeding of the Library Board is binding unless it has been adopted at a meeting in which a quorum of the Library Board was present.
204.9 Rules of Order
The Library Board shall conduct its meetings using the Robert's Rules of Order.
1. Voting on Question
a) All resolutions shall be submitted to the Library Board by the Chairperson or a trustee. No seconder is required.
b) The Chairperson, when present, and each trustee present shall vote for or against every question,
i) unless, in a specific case, the Chairperson or trustee is excused by resolution of the Library Board from voting, or
ii) unless, otherwise excused by this Act, the Recording Secretary shall, whenever a recorded vote is requested by any trustee, record in the minutes the name of each trustee present and whether the trustee voted for or against the matter.
2. All questions and comments by trustees shall be addressed through the chairperson.
204.10 Agenda for Library Board Meetings
Agenda preparation:
a) The Chairperson and the Library Co-coordinator shall prepare a tentative agenda.
b) An addendum to the agenda may be added through the Chairperson of the Library Board or Library Co-coordinator.
204.11 Order of Regular Business Meetings of the Library Board
The order of business of the meeting shall be as per the agenda unless a majority of the Library Board changes the order.
204.12 Minutes of Meetings of the Library Board
The Board Secretary shall be responsible for the recording, maintenance and distribution of the records of all Library Board meetings.
The minutes of regular and special Library Board meetings shall be approved by the Library Board and signed by the Chairperson.
LEGAL REF: Libraries Act, Section 34
205.1 Basic Expenses
a) Library Trustees carrying out authorized duties shall be expected to exercise the same care in incurring expenses that a prudent person would exercise in traveling on personal business.
b) Approved expenses will be reimbursed in accordance with the requirements and subject to the limitations specified in the guidelines and procedures.
c) Approved expenses will be reimbursed for attendance at conferences, workshops, seminars and meetings, when such attendance has been approved by the Library Board or approval is covered in Policy; and other Board approved activities carried out by Library Trustees in the performance of their duties.
d) Claims for reimbursement of expenses must be submitted to the Library Co-ordinator within two months of the expenses being incurred.
e) All expense reimbursement claims must be on an individual Library Trustee basis other than expenses claimed when car-pooling.
f) In those cases where a Library Trustee incurs expenses and another organization has agreed to reimburse the Library Trustee, then the claim must be submitted directly to that organization.
CROSS REF: Policy Section 303.5
205.2 Membership in Regional, Provincial or National Associations
The Library Board, by choice, is a member of the Alberta Libraries Trustees Association.
205.3 Attendance at Conferences, Seminars and Meetings
Library Trustees are encouraged to attend conventions, seminars and meetings that are relevant to their work during the course of the year.
205.4 Library Trustee Orientation
It is important to introduce newly appointed trustees to the duties and ethics of their positions and to give them an overview of the workings of the library. The Board and Library Co-coordinator shall conduct or prepare a library trustee orientation for all newly appointed trustees.
Code of Ethics of the Alberta Library Trustees Association
Library Boards exist to develop, promote and monitor library services, as a public trust. To this end, library trustees should be committed to the following principles:
a) Trustees should avoid situations where personal advantage or financial benefits may be gained at the expense of other library users.
b) Trustees should distinguish between their personal views and those of the institution by respecting the position of the board, even though they may disagree.
c) Trustees should respect the confidential nature of library records within the framework, which allows for the monitoring of material usage and the need for public accounting.
a) Trustees should attempt to work harmoniously with the board and ultimately accept its will.
b) Trustees should limit their trusteeship role to policy governance and advocacy.
Valleyview Municipal Library
Policy on Policy Making
1. Statement of Intent:
The Board, given the authority under the Alberta Libraries Act for the management of the Valleyview Municipal Library, assumes with that authority the duty for developing policies related to the framework, governance and operation of the Library. The Board recognizes that the development of policy is a process for providing effective parameters and guidelines for action of all its committees and staff. The Board expects all staff to be knowledgeable of those polices that relate to their duties and actions.
2. Organizational Channel for Policy Making:
The Board will see the input of the Library Co-coordinator on Board policies pertaining to the governance and operation of the Valleyview Municipal Library.
1. Suggestions for policy development may come from staff, trustees, Board standing committees, members of the community, and the Valleyview Municipal Library Policy Handbook. Policies drafted by Board Standing Committees will come directly to the Board for approval. Any other draft policies will be submitted to the Policy Committee for review.
2. All policies and changes to them shall be approved by means of a motion at a duly convened Board meeting and recorded in the minutes of that meeting.
3. All approved policies shall be given a number and title and indicate the date of approval. Copies of the approved policy shall be distributed to all Board members and to the Library Co-coordinator, for inclusion in their copies of the Library Policy Handbook.
4. Policies will be reviewed in an ongoing basis. Each policy shall be reviewed at least once in every three years.
5. As the need arises, annually at a minimum, the Library Co-coordinator shall make recommendations to the Policy Committee regarding policies to remain in effect, or to be revised, added or deleted.
6. The Library Co-coordinator is responsible for the administration of programs and for implementation of policy.
3. Typesetting of Policy
To maintain uniformity, policies will be prepared using the "Arial" font, 12-point typeface size. Headers are to be in bold, pages will be numbered according to Section. (Ie. Each Section will start at page one.)
Self-Evaluation Criteria
Town of Valleyview Library Board's
Annual Library Board Self-Evaluation
Town of Valleyview Library Board Policy 203.7: "The Library Board will undergo an annual self-evaluation."
Attached is:
A Library Board of Trustees Self-Evaluation
Please answer the questions by scoring 1 to 4 for each question with:
2 = sometimes
3 = most times
Please read and answer each question carefully.
Place your score in the left hand margin next to the question.
Please complete this review and deliver it to the Library Co-coordinator by April 30, either in person or by email. The Library Co-coordinator will compile the results and present the results at the May meeting.
Thank you for participating in this Board evaluation.
Library Board of Trustees Self-Evaluation
Does our board prepare to do its job, by:
Does our board ensure good meetings, by:
Do individual board members:
Does our board plan for the future of the library, by:
Reinforcements and solutions:
In which of the major categories above does our board show real strengths?
In which of the major categories above does our board need improvement?


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Chung Fanning
I have noticed in several forums that these days web site homeowners are little confused regarding link constructing for their site. They are not to certain what link building methods they should follow. As well as Google and yahoo heavily rely on quality back-links. Content optimization is always a factor but these two search engines are heavily counting on volume of links and of course quality of links. Identify more about link emporer info by visiting our dynamite website. A link right back from the page where there are a huge selection of links would not help you much. At that time of link building many people forget about the significance of link building. A style based link straight back is more powerful than 20 non relevant link shells. Some times people avoid link trade request as a result of insufficient pr of the link page. But you should know that relevancy is more important than page position of a link page. Browsing To small blue arrow possibly provides warnings you can use with your brother. If you receive a present for link trade then first check if the site is in any manner associated with your company?? If yes then always check it's link page for (a) Number of outgoing links on that page (b) Does that link page has all sort of sites?? (c) Does that page is accessible at home page?? These 3 are must.
We usually get questions which our site is new, no one really wants to exchange link with us. Yes it's a huge problem for any webmaster. But think if you suggest a link from a few of your other internet sites to the webmaster he then will definitely exchange link with you. But imagine if you don't have every other website, then how you may do a proven way link creating?? Many search engine optimization companies, including us offer this sort of service at very affordable rate, you can employ those companies. Let's return to the subject. There are 1000s of sites for just about any sounding sites you have. If you begin collecting a list of related websites through search engine you'll get bogus data/ search benefits after you cross page 20 or maybe more. So it is not a treatment for collect websites from se's. You ought to follow your competition link shells and then approach relevant ones for link request. How you'll find li


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Purchase any of these wireless systems, and receive a FREE $130 headset microphone! Also included is a free 6 foot microphone cable. This is the price you would pay for the wireless system alone at any retailer, making this an unbeatable deal
Audio-Technica's 2000 Series (pictured above) is a 10-channel professional wireless system. Features include two available frequency bands and switchable antenna power. Also, the optional ATW-CHG2 two-bay recharging station provides power to recharge NiMH batteries in two ATW-T220a handheld transmitters and/or ATW-T210a UniPak® transmitters in any combination. Click here to purchase!
- 1 Audio-Technica ATW-2110
- 1 HSD-SH25 Springtree Airwave Mic
- 1 6' accu cable mic cable
The System 10 PRO is a rack-mountable, digital wireless system that provides an interference-free operation in the 2.4Ghz range. The half-rack chassis is durable and equipped to house two receiver units that can be remotely operated via Ethernet cable (up to 328 feet away) or can be housed within the chassis. Up to 10 receiver units (5 chassis) can be linked using the RJ12 cable which is included with each system creating a stable multichannel system. Click here to purchase!
- 1 Audio-Technica System 10 Pro (atw1301)
- 1 HSD-SH25 Springtree Airwave Mic
- 1 6' accu cable mic cable
The Springtree – Airwave HSD-SH25 is excellent for speech and vocal use in a variety of applications. Lots of gain before feedback and easy to eq compared to many more expensive mics. Our shorter boom design means less plosions from being too close to the mouth, not to mention making it ideal for children's theatre. It is available at this time with the connector for Audio-Technica, Shure, and Sennheiser wireless body packs.
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Thanks for reading!
The Best Microphone Company You Have Probably Never Heard Of! – Springtree Media Group August 22, 2017 at 4:29 pm


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I have not written for some time. My father died in April and I am reeling. Reeling from the months of watching him suffer and try to avoid the inevitable end. He was full of life and not wanting or ready to go in any way. I cared for him in every way, I'm reeling from watching family dynamics already troublesome implode in the wake of this most painful life event. I am missing the man who was my rock in so many ways. My dad was there for me night and day when I separated from H three years ago. Losing him reminds me of the times we were the closest and it saddens me that they were around my marital troubles. I would not have made it without him there, driving me to my tennis lessons, not letting me sit alone and wallow too much…just all of it, he was my saviour.
My father sensed, since last August (d-day) that things with my marriage were not as they should be. It is the one lie I told him over and over…that nothing was wrong. Why did I lie? I lied to protect my father from the worry, hurt and anger of what has happened in my marriage as he declined from his illness and faced that he would leave us alone unprotected. I lied to protect H so that he would not be vilified and treated with hostility or disdain. Still in the aftermath of my father's death I stand on this decision to keep it from him although it hurts that I had to do it. All these lies to protect those who hurt me….and in my childish way I wanna scream "WHAT ABOUT ME?"
H has been as supportive as he knows how. He has been by my side mostly, he helped with my dad as much as he could. He was there during the funeral. He helped carry my fathers casket to its final resting place, but he still has no words for me. Even though H has already walked this path after losing his parents, he has no words to comfort me. What he has is a hug, an ear…perhaps I should be grateful for those.
The state of my marriage is still in some ways the same and in some ways better knowing who I am dealing with, knowing how to watch for the clues I so stupidly missed in the past. Intimacy is still not there and neither of us know how to knock this wall down. The honesty and deep discussions that happened in the months after d-day are over and we have both gone back to our quiet corners, living our feelings and thoughts in secrecy. Counselling was put on the back burner when we realized it was becoming more about my horror at the thought of my dad dying, than about how we move forward. Should we go back? H has stopped seeing his therapist as well, how will we change things? It's still in the dark corners of my mind, his cheating, but it gets pushed back daily by grief and stress since losing my dad. We are in some ways even more distant now but at least we have kindness towards each other. Is kindness enough to keep us going until we can put ourselves first?
I feel somewhat a failure so far, in between grief and stress and daily life, the thoughts of the others still flash into my mind. In the moments I feel like reaching for some affection, I conjure up all the lies, the covert operations during our marriage, and the hideous faces of those he cheated with. Why does the mind do this? It has these dark compartments, not to be viewed all at once but making room for each to manifest. When one sadness fades, another pops into place.
Revenge has been on my mind. I have felt cheated that the reveal of his affairs was several years after they had ended in the case of the first two and specifically pathetic Holly. I feel cheated out of facing her, and letting her know the damage she helped cause. I feel cheated not seeing her suffer. I feel cheated out of telling her what an utter bag of trash she is. Is this normal? When will it ever stop? Confronting her now would only invite her back into my world, and perhaps give her some satisfaction that my H is suffering from his actions. I would love to know if any of my fellow betrayed are facing the same demons. It is coming up on 1 year since D-day on August 12th and I am wondering how much fallout there will be as we approach the date. I am no longer afraid of H leaving, he can if he likes and I know I will pick up the pieces. Some days when the thoughts are there, I wonder if it would be easier not having him around. I know in the long run, life with him would and can be better. I am no longer afraid to say or do something to make him cheat…I know that the decision to do that will be his alone….and his fault. So how do I cope now? Gone are the crying, the constant questions, and the sheer horror at what he has done, but the ghosts of the past still remain, I would love some ideas on how to banish those.


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Embattled Veterans Affairs Secretary Eric Shinseki has offered President Obama his resignation. President Obama announced today from the White House he has accepted the resignation. The announcement came after a brief meeting between Shinseki and Obama at the White House. Obama has announced former President and Chief Executive Officer of the United Services Organizations Sloan Gibson will replace Shinseki as an interim secretary.
"Rick's judgement [is] that he could not carry out the next stages of reform without being a distraction himself," Obama said. "My assessment is unfortunately he's right...The number one priority is making sure things get fixed."
"I said we wouldn't tolerate misconduct and we will not. I said we had to do better and we will," Obama said.
"He's [Shinseki] a good man," Obama said. "Under his leadership we have seen more progress on more fronts on the VA and a bigger investment in the VA than just about any other VA secretary."
Laughably, Obama also said, "This is my administration and I always take responsibility for whatever happens." In an effort to explain the problem, Obama said scheduling problems are often a result of "old computers" and old scheduling systems, when in fact an Inspector General report released this week showed officials at 42 VA facilities were keeping secret wait lists as at least 1700 veterans waited more than 180 days for care. At this point dozens of veterans have died as a result of medical neglect.
Veteran's groups respond:
American Legion:
Legion: Shinseki resignation the beginning, not the total solution. All incompetence/corruption needs weeded out. #VAaccountability
— The American Legion (@AmericanLegion) May 30, 2014
Concerned Veterans for America:
"Concerned Veterans for America fully supports President Obama's decision to accept Sec. Shinseki's resignation. More importantly, we emphasize that it doesn't solve the widespread, systemic problems at the Department of Veterans Affairs. In fact, this is only the beginning. We need both reforms and a reformer, which is why it's essential for Congress to pass systemic reforms at VA in the coming weeks and months, bringing real accountability, transparency, and choice to the Department of Veterans Affairs. The government is failing our veterans, it's time to get to work fixing VA." -CEO Pete Hegseth
This post has been updated.


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Posted on: 13/04/2018
On Tuesday 17th and Wednesday 18th, next week, you will find our team of energy experts on the SmartestEnergy stand for The Energyst Event at the National Motorcycle Museum, Solihull. Michael Watts, Strategic Sales Manager, gives you five great reasons to visit us on Stand 36 (Britannia Suite).
1. Pick up our new guide, Unlocking the value in flexible assets
Be the first to read our new guide launching exclusively at the event. Find out how your business could make significant cost savings and earn new revenues by participating in Demand Side Response (DSR).
There's lots of opportunities to get involved but it can be complex, so we've summarised the flexible asset types and various revenue streams across ancillary and energy markets, including Capacity Market, Short Term Operating Reserve (STOR) and energy market optimisation.
As a supplier-aggregator, with a broad view of the energy landscape, we have a unique approach to helping our customers unlock the value in flexible assets, so come and pick up your copy of the guide to find out more.
2. Meet our expert site engineers to understand how you can find flexibility in your business
Is your business is interested in beginning the DSR journey but not too sure where to start?
Our site engineers, Jim Marshall and Philip Edwards, will be available on the stand throughout the two days and can help you understand where you can find flexibility on your sites.
Jim and Phil have carried out several site surveys for companies across many sectors including manufacturing, retail and utilities and would welcome a conversation to discuss your assets and processes and how they can be flexible.
3. Find out about our new Asset Optimisation products
To enable our customers to take full advantage of as many of these revenue streams as possible, we have developed two new products, Flexibility Enabled and Flexibility Managed.
Flexibility Enabled is an entry product for demand reduction where you always remain fully in control of when and where you participate. Flexibility Managed on the other hand, is a product tailored to businesses that require more advanced, dynamic optimisation.
Meet our Asset Optimisation team to find out more about the product features and how our flexibility products could work for your business.
4. Discuss your energy goals with our Business Development Managers
Energy is becoming more engaging so drop by our stand for an informal chat about your needs or concerns. We can talk through your energy goals; from energy management to maximising flexibility opportunities, from procuring renewable energy to reducing your carbon footprint.
We offer a range of commercial agreements to help you respond to changing market conditions and give you a competitive edge. We are proud to be the first company in the UK to offer Carbon Trust Certified 100% renewable electricity and our flexible and fixed contract structures can be tailored to meet your complex requirements.
Paul Messer, Nathan Dad, Sean Langford, Luke Prior, Jess Butlin along with myself will be available for a chat throughout the event.
5. Win 2 tickets to see England Vs Nigeria at Wembley
If none of that tempts you, then maybe just head over to enter our prize draw!
We're giving away two Club Wembley tickets for England Vs Nigeria at Wembley on 2nd June.
Simply complete a short survey to be in with the chance of winning.
We look forward to seeing you next week!
About the author
Michael joined SmartestEnergy in 2017 and is a key member of the I&C Supply team. He is primarily responsible for identifying and developing strategic sales opportunities and promoting SmartestEnergy's products to I&C users. Before joining SmartestEnergy Michael held a similar role with ENGIE Energy Solutions. His career in the industry has also included positions with Haven Power, Shell Gas Direct and Gaz de France. Michael has an MA Business Economics from Wilfrid Laurier University, Toronto and a BA Economics from the University of Essex.


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Iceberg iLand 42" Contour Round Seated Style Table, Mahogany/Black
by Iceberg |
Item # 168952
|Model # ICE69738 |
About this item
current price: $449.00
Out of stock
Free shipping
This table offers extreme durability for longevity, with contemporary casual comfort and style. Create ideal collaboration zones in cafés, common areas or conference meeting spaces. Urethane edge treatment is visually appealing and permanently bonded that will not allow liquids to seep in. Edgeband treatment is a premium high-pressure laminate top with molded PVC banding. Top Color: Mahogany; Base Color: Black Base; Top Shape: Round; Top Thickness: 1 1/8".
Policies & plans
Manufacturer's limited five-year warranty.
Assembled Country
United States
Assembled Size
48"W x 47"D x 8"H
Component Country
Shipping Info
Standard - 2 to 6 business days
- Delivery service, if applicable, will call to set up appointment
- Delivery is not available to AK, HI or Puerto Rico
- Large-Item Delivery - First Dry Area
Additional Info
For additional questions or concerns regarding this product, please contact the Manufacturer's Customer Service Department at 1.800.XXX.XXXX
Member reviews & questions
"Membership is required to complete an in-club or curbside pickup purchase at Sam's Club."


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Nagoya University
Graduate School of Education and Human Development Student Affairs
Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku
Nagoya, Japan 464-8601
International Student Consultation
Nagoya University School of Education International Student adivising office
Room 131, 1F, Nagoya University School of Education, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya
Basically Monday through Friday 10:00 to 16:00, but may be unavailable due to dispatching or conferences.
Support is available outside of office hours as well.
Make arrangements in advance to have hours moved.
The International Student Consultation Office has a computer and a printer that international students can use. Publications are also available related to Japanese language studies, thesis preparation and employment. Please take advantage of these facilities.
If you want to know an overview of the school of education or if you have a question and are able to come to the office, please come to the consultation room and we will support you. However, we cannot introduce faculty members. If you are planning to come to the office, please contact in advance using the email address below and make a reservation. You cannot receive help if you come to the office without a reservation.
ryuugaku01<at mark>educa.nagoya-u.ac.jp
*Change <at mark> to @.
[ Top of page ]
Department of Educational Sciences
Department of Psychology and Human Developmental Sciences
Graduate Program for Adult Students
Educational Leadership and Management Program
Department of Educational Sciences
Information for Prospective International Students
Information for International Students
International Student Consultation


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Cross-country skiing Switzerland
Best cross-country skiing resorts in Switzerland (Schweiz) - Ski resorts with top cross-country skiing in Switzerland (Schweiz)
45 test reports
Best rating:
5 out of 5 stars
Evaluated by Skiresort.info, the world's largest evaluation and test portal for ski resorts.
Click here for rating process info
Cross-country skiing holiday in Switzerland (Schweiz) and cross-country skiing locations in Switzerland (Schweiz)
Skiresort.info presents the best cross-country skiing regions in Switzerland (Schweiz).
Trails Switzerland - the best cross-country skiing areas
- Switzerland – limit to
Greater Regions: 1. Eastern Switzerland , 2. Central Switzerland , 2. Espace Mittelland , 2. Lemanic Region
Cantons: 1. Graubünden , 2. Bern , 2. Uri , 2. Valais (Wallis) , 2. St. Gallen , 2. Obwalden , 7. Glarus
Mountain ranges: 1. Swiss Alps
Language areas: 1. German-speaking Switzerland (Deutschschweiz) , 2. Romandy (Romandie)
Snow-reliable cross-country trails lead through the entire Upper Engadin area. Cross-country skiers... more
Snow-reliable trails lead through the entire Engadine region. It is possible to cross-country ski... more
Snow-reliable cross-country trails lead throughout the entire Engadin St. Moritz region. There is a... more
The cross-country trails surrounding Davos and Klosters are snow-reliable and attractively scenic.... more
Snow reliable cross-country trails lead through the entire Upper Engadine region and cross-country... more
Snow-reliable cross-country trails lead through the entire Upper Engadine region and cross-country... more
Snow reliable cross-country trails lead throughout the entire Upper Engadine region and... more
Cross-country trails lead from Ischgl to Galtür. You can even ski up to the Bielerhöhe (2,040 m)... more
There are snow reliable trails of all difficulty levels that are groomed every day in Arosa and... more
There are 7 kilometres of cross-country trails for classic and skating style cross-country skiing... more
Around Andermatt, there are snow-reliable and prepared cross-country trails. The cross-country... more
On the outskirts of Sedrun and in Andermatt, you can find snow-reliable and groomed cross-country... more
The region around Gstaad has a wide selection of cross-country trails. These even lead as far as... more
Adelboden and Lenk offer beautiful cross-country trails in the valley with a glorious view of the... more
There are multiple trails offered in Splügen/Rheinwald at about 1500 m elevation. The beginning of... more
Trails for skating and classic cross-country skiing are offered. The Panorama trail on Motta Naluns... more
Engelberg offers pretty valley trails leading to the Fürenalp base station. The trail at the... more
The trails begin right at the La Nars Children's Ski Paradise and at the Schneesportschule. They... more
The cross-country trails surrounding Davos are snow-reliable and attractively scenic. The trails... more
The cross-country trails surrounding Davos are snow-reliable and attractively scenic. The trails... more
Almost every village offers cross-country tracks. Some of the tracks lead up to snow-secure higher... more
The cross-country trail network leads past rustic Lötschental villages all the way to the Fafleralp... more
The Saas Valley trail leads through snowy larch forests along the Vispa and through the entire Saas... more
The cross-country trails lead right past the ski resort and the village of Elm.more
The trails at Flumserberg are located at the Alp Tannenboden as well as between Prodalp and Panüöl.... more
Cross-country skiers can find snow reliable, short, high elevation trails in Riederalp on the... more
Just one cross-country trail is prepared directly up in the ski resort of First if there are no... more
Saas-Fee offers 6 kilometres of snow-reliable cross-country trails. The trails start at Alphitta... more
The Bürchen/Törbel ski resort offers around 25 km of cross-country trails, which are split between... more
A cross-country trail leads through a snow reliable area from Disentis to Trun. In Trun, there is a... more
There are two circuit trails in Brigels which are suitable for beginners and enjoyment skiers as... more
Grindelwald offers a small, but nice cross-country network before the imposing mountain backdrop.... more
There are no cross-country trails located directly at Zermatt. The nearest trails are found in... more
The small, but fine 1.5 km long trail on the Hasliberg is located in Bidmi and is groomed for... more
There are wonderful cross-country trails that lead through the forest surrounding Laax and Flims.... more
There are multiple cross-country trails distributed throughout the holiday villages of Les 4... more
The cross-country trails lead through the valley from Klosters. You can also access the trails in... more
Crans-Montana-Aminona has something to offer for cross-country skiers. Some of the trails lead... more
There are two cross-country areas in Leukerbad. One is located directly near the town of Leukerbad... more
There are cross-country trails in Obersaxen, Mundaun and Lumnezia that are prepared when there is... more
At the base station in Bad Ragaz, there is a 2.9 km cross-country trail that is opened when there... more
There is a groomed 4 km cross-country trail at the bottom of the valley near Vals. The circuit... more
A cross-country trail leads through the valley from Lauterbrunnen to Stechelberg... more
A classically groomed trail is waiting for cross-country skiers between the Hannigalp and the... more
There are no cross-country trails at Bellwald. There are some trails in the valley in Goms.more


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Residential Services
Heating and cooling are necessities of modern life in British Columbia. Since 1949, IPH has provided all the basic comforts you are accustomed to along with the service you expect. We provide plumbing, heating, air conditioning, humidification, geothermal, solar, and fire protection in new homes. We also replace/upgrade furnaces, air conditioners, heat pumps in existing homes. Our service incorporates speed, quality and true customer care. When you call, we pick up the phone – you do not have time to sit around waiting for estimates on a job or time to sit around waiting to benefit from the finished product. The people we train and employ are reliable, highly skilled tradesmen who get in, get the job done and get out fast. Most importantly, our staff go above and beyond to ensure your experience is a pleasant one. Whether you're a family building your own home or one of BC's quality home builders, we can design, engineer, install and service your residential comfort system.
Commercial Services
As the largest and most seasoned plumbing and heating company in BC's interior, IPH tackles all types of plumbing, heating, cooling, geothermal, fire protection and gas installations including pre-designed or design-build solutions. Staying true to a team-based approach to project management, along with 140+ years of combined experience, IPH has consistently completed all levels of projects within budget and on time. Our highly-skilled and professional staff have the breadth and ability to handle any size commercial, industrial or institutional project – from the most advanced building to the local corner store. In addition, each member of our team is continually immersed in extensive training programs and workshops such as LEED and the CCA Gold Seal Certification Program so we can continue to ensure the most-up-to-date technical service available. Complete customer satisfaction is our mantra and our secret to success in the commercial arena for the past 60 years.
Home Repairs & Service
For over 60 years IPH has provided Kamloops and the surrounding area with unsurpassed professionalism and personal courtesy on every call no matter the scope of the project. Our Service Department is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week for emergency service. Our regular hours of operation are Monday to Friday from 8:00 am – 4:30 pm. There are additional charges for work outside our regular hours. Should Kamloops and the surrounding area experience extreme winter weather, priority is given to "no heat" calls over regular maintenance calls. Please contact us if you would like to set up regular servicing for your home. For after-hours emergency service call 250.372.3441.


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Janet_Free on Family Tree Circles
sort: Date Alphabetical
view: full | list
view: full | list
Journals and Posts
Looking for John Johnson 1673-1746 central highlands
I am looking for John Johnson who was married to Margaret Gai. His son, whose name was also John Johnson, was born in 1722 and left for America after the Battle of Culloden. The younger Johnson was christened on 9 December 1722 in Tulliallan, Perth so I assume the family lived close to this area. I believe they were members of Clan Donald.
I am a direct descendent of these people and I would like to trace my ancestry back further if possible. I would also like to know more about this family and clan if possible.
Thank you to anyone who can assist me.
Yours truly
Janet Free
- Displaying 1-1 of 1 Journals
- 1
- of1


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Sound – is this weeks Illustration Friday topic
For some reason, my first association to Sound is Noise, and noise is not a good thing. It is not that I dislike sound in general, I love the sound of nature when walking in the forrest, the sound of the waves at the beach, the snow under my boots, and sometimes even the sound of the city. I like listening to music, but for some reason don't do it that often. Maybe it is something about the sounds that surrounds us everyday, the amount of sounds, and the volume of the sounds. Everything makes sounds, noise, phones ringing and beeping, the washing machine beeping, the traffic light is beeping, the doors in the train beep extremely loud, the cars are noisy, trucks beep when they back up, you can hear the aircon when it is on, fingers tapping on a keyboard, people walking in heels, people talking, people talking louder to overpower all the other sounds, people talking even louder to overpower other people talking. All the sounds flow together, they become one, they become impossible to distinguish from each other, they become impossible to decipher, and impossible to understand, it becomes noise. Because you are exposed to so many sounds all the time, every day, it becomes impossible to hear the silence, when you are far away from from all those sounds, the sounds are still there, as a constant buzzing or ringing in your ears. The sound of silence is undervalued, and hard to find, maybe more exposure to silence would make us more attentive to the sounds we hear, pay more attention, listen better, hear more.
This is my attempt to illustrate Sound, and this weeks contribution to Illustration Friday, in my effort to draw more this year. It seems to also warp into an excessive in creative writing, wonder what next weeks topic will be.


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I have to admit. I'm a little sad this is my last "official" wedding recap post for you. I've slowly been reliving our wedding vicariously through these recaps and it's been wonderful. I loved everything about our wedding, and I was so happy to see that when it all got laid out it was exactly what I wanted. Better actually. I had a few moments when I was 3/4 of the way through a project and thought "oh god, what am I doing?! How does all of this tie together?! This is going to look like crap! I've gone too far though!!!". I think we all have those moments. But I stuck it through and I'm glad I did. So. Here you are. The little details that made our wedding about "us" and not just "a wedding". Please let me know if there's anything I missed or that you'd like to see a tutorial on, I love hearing your feedback! These are in absolutely no particular order (the majority of these photos are from Stillmotion, they're amazing!):
I've already said how we basically booked our wedding around our photographer and caterer. When they were available = our wedding date. Dan and I each got a priority, mine was photography, his was food. I think the two worked well together no? So anywho, the incredibly talented Ezra Title worked in a lot of what we loved from previous meals with him and from our own favourites. For example, the prosciutto and melon above. When I lived in Italy I don't think there was a day that went by when I didn't eat this eat least once. Usually twice. Or more. Don't judge me. We also LOVE organic beef, so Ezra did us the organic flank steak for dinner. The salted caramel ice cream was a favourite from Dan's birthday dinner the year before that we both would like to eat by the gallon. And the cake. Well come on, it's pretty evident by now that that was all me!
I think our guests really appreciated that we shared our infamous "Ezra meal" with them and appreciated every mouthful. Since the wedding we've gotten a number of comments about it being the best meal of their life, so mission accomplished I think!!
Teapots & Creamer/Sugar Pots
Once I found my inspiration with the teapots I went whole hog on them. I scoured thrift shops, Craigslist, and friend's parent's silver cabinets for old unused clunky teapots that no one loved any more. I would not spend more than $10 on a teapot (I had one exception but it was worth it and balanced out with some other bargains I got). In the end, I amassed something like 30+ teapots and 50+ creamers. I spent hours with bridesmaids, parents, and my parent's neighbours polishing those puppies up and making them gorgeous again. They were so pretty and added such a unique touch to the tables, they were totally worth the effort. Plus I think the fact that half our guests had had their hands on them at some point made it all the more special ;) I still have them all in the basement, somewhat unsure of what to do with them. Maybe a rental company is in sight?! LOL!
A quick note about the flowers, the white roses were for my Omi (grandmother) who had passed away the summer before the wedding. She had the most gorgeous rose garden you've ever seen. I DIY'ed the baby's breath cream/sugar pots to save a good few hundred dollars off the floral budget. Totally worth it. Our florist, Pink Twig, was incredible to work with and I think they enjoyed the "outside of the box" edge the teapots brought to the arrangements.
I designed, cut, and assembled all of my papergoods myself. What a task that was! But it was full of love! My handy dandy Cricut worked late every night cutting my menu backers, place cards, and little placecard birds. I used Sure Cuts A Lot in conjunction with Illustrator to break out of the Cricut cartridge box. I love that program and the world it opens up for you! For the corners of my menu and placecards, I used a corner punch and emboss from Fiskars that added a bit of a vintage flair.
Table numbers were the bane of my existence for about a week. I would sit and think and google search for ideas. Nothing seemed just right. I eventually gave up and ended up slapping these together at the last minute with a lace border and the same font we used on our invites and programs. They were simple and functional, and looked cute with our vintage flair.
Our programs I designed, printed, assembled and sewed, to coordinate with our elevator invites. Whew. Those were a lot of work! More than our invites!!!
Can I just say how much I loved our escort cards? I realize they got tossed out, but I freaking loved them. We sat them in flats of wheat grass spread out on a barnboard table Dan made for me. Each table got their own pattern of fabric covered button which coordinated with the fabric on their caramel favour. Yes. I am that anal retentive and I think it was worth it :)
I'm not going to lie and I'm going to totally toot my own horn, my banners were amazing. LOL! They made for my favourite shots of the day. They were actually on my DIY projects to-do list and I had scrapped them because I thought I didn't have enough time. One night we were sitting around and I thought "Oh screw it, I'm going to give it a go" and put together the banners while we watched a movie with a friend. The Just Married banner came out so well I thought I'd try the Going to the Chapel as well! I am SO SO SO happy I made that push and got them done, I think it just completed the Winnebago and put that polished touch on our photos.
Flip flops & Pashminas
Love your guests. Treat them like royalty. They've come a long way, gotten all dressed up for you, sat through the speeches, given you a gift, throw them a good party and make sure they're comfortable in return! I smashed the Old Navy $1 flip flop sale and bought as many sizes as I could get my hands on. I think I ended up with about 50 pairs (both mens and womens), and honestly, I likely only needed about 25. I found another bride who bought my leftovers off me though, so that was great news for me!
The pashminas I bought at a little cash and carry shop for $5 a piece. I bought 30 of them and I should have bought 50! They went like hot cakes! It started pouring rain halfway through our dinner, so I think the ladies snapped them up to cut the chill. I still get compliments from our friends and family who say they're the nicest pashmina they have and still use it all the time!
I put little tags on both the pashmina's and flip flops just to personalize them rather than just shoving them all (artfully) in a box. The baskets I bought in Chinatown for about $15 and worked really well and looked very cute and rustic. The flip flop tags said "nice shoes" around the edges. That was the first thing Dan ever said to me, so it was a little inside joke to us.
Guest book
I made our guestbook using Photobook Canada and I loved it! The quality was fantastic and they had a special linen paper specific to guestbooks. I used our engagement photos and created a 12 x 12 book about 30 pages long. I loved reading through all the comments from our guests after the wedding. Every page had at least one note and some of our guests got creative with little bubbles over our heads, etc. It was fantastic and adorable!!!
What bride doesn't want a Lila Frances hanger?! When I showed the hangers to Dan he was so excited about them he wanted one for himself AND all his guys. Our entire wedding party each got their own hanger, including the kids. Lila was great to work with and since we ordered early (and in bulk) she gave us a great deal!
Okay. I seriously have to take a break. I have so many more details to share with you, and I'm afraid of making this the post that breaks the site! I'll be back with details part two ASAP!


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The Jakarta Post
President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo welcomed the billionaire co-founder of Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba, Jack Ma, at Bogor Palace on Saturday.
The President and the billionaire held a meeting partly to discuss the Asian Games 2022, which will be held in Hangzhou, China.
Hangzhou is the city where Ma lives, as well as the location of Alibaba's headquarters.
During the meeting, Jokowi also expressed hope that the giant e-commerce firm would increase its investment in Indonesia.
"Thank you for the sustainable commitment in the e-commerce and economy sector in Indonesia. I am waiting for good news from you today in regards to Alibaba's commitment in Indonesia," Jokowi said to Ma, as quoted by antaranews.com.
The President also said he was impressed by the technology firm, recalling his visit to Alibaba's headquarters in Hangzhou on Sept. 2, 2016, in between the G20 Summit.
"I am glad that after visiting [Alibaba's headquarters in] Hangzhou, Alibaba has committed to investing further billions of dollars in Indonesia," he added.
During the meeting, Jokowi was accompanied by Cabinet Secretary Pramono Anung, Foreign Affairs Minister Retno Marsudi, Coordinating Economic Minister Darmin Nasution, Coordinating Human Development and Culture Minister Puan Maharani and Communications and Information Minister Rudiantara.
The meeting also addressed the current digital economy situation in Indonesia, as Ma serves as an adviser to Indonesia's e-commerce steering committee.
Jack Ma plans to attend the closing ceremony of the 18th Asian Games on Sunday. (sau/ahw)


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Religious Tolerance
Quit Debt Collection Harassment Or "What Can Debt Collectors And Creditors Do To You Anyway?"
Why do creditors and debt collectors hassle you? Particularly exactly where the debt is "unsecured" (like credit cards, health-related bills, previous due rent, utility bills) that is, exactly where there is no home or collateral (like a property or a automobile) standing behind the loan or debt. With some notable exceptions (such as particular student loans and tax debts), there is quite tiny an "unsecured" creditor can do without having initial suing you and winning the case. Devoid of a lawsuit, they may cease performing organization with you, or cancel your account, or report the debt to a credit reporting agency. But, in Illinois and lots of other states, a creditor or debt collector holding an "unsecured" debt can NOT garnish your wages, attach your bank account, location a lien on your house, take your automobile, or do something else without having initial winning a court case.
Even right after winning the lawsuit (assuming that the customer-debtor has no defenses or counterclaims to assert in the case), the law gives you with particular levels of protection in your wages, house, and private home. These levels of protection, named "exemptions," are distinct in each and every state and some states are additional generous than other folks.
To show how "exemptions" operate, let's take the "homestead" exemption. In Illinois, the customer-debtor might retain, totally free and clear of creditors (even creditors with a court judgment), the initial $15,000 of equity per title holder in a principle residence. Let's say that David and Alice, brother and sister, are obtaining their house. Additional assume that the house has a present, fair marketplace worth of $200,000 the outstanding balance on their mortgage is $170,000 and the balance on their second mortgage (house improvement loan) is $10,000. The equity in their house is the distinction in between fair marketplace worth and the worth of all mortgages and liens right here, $20,000 ($200,000 – $170,000 – $10,000 = $20,000). Alice's and David's house is absolutely protected from creditors due to the fact all of the equity ($20,000) is covered by the owners' "exemptions" ($30,000) $15,000 for Alice and $15,000 for David. As you can see, Illinois' homestead exemption is, nicely, comparatively modest. Some states shield the family members house at a lot larger levels of equity (e.g., $100,000), and some states exemption the principle residence altogether, regardless of worth.
Person state exemption laws cover additional than the family members house. They shield portions of just about every single sort of earnings (e.g., wages, pensions, disability) and asset (e.g., vehicles, clothes, household goods, and bank accounts) imaginable. Nevertheless, it is critical to note that exemptions do not take place automatically. They are typically triggered by the customer-debtor asserting their rights.
Okay, back to our "unsecured" creditor or debt collector. To stay away from the time and price of a lawsuit, and the uncertainty of collecting on the judgment against your non-exempt assets or earnings, creditors and debt collectors will attempt to get you to spend without having a lawsuit. Also usually, this suggests repeated telephone calls to you, your employer, your pals, relatives, and your neighbors. Often they "sweet-speak" or "brow-beat" you into generating unaffordable payments or to spend amounts you do not owe (e.g., debts that are not yours, or debts that are legally stale, or debts they do not even legitimately personal).
Do not modify your telephone quantity or turn out to be a prisoner in your personal house. Beneath the law, there are techniques to cease the calls and harassment. A lot of collection tactics are legally "unfair" or "deceptive," and might entitle the customer to cash damages. For instance, it might be unlawful for a debt collector to communicate with third parties without having permission continue to get in touch with you when you have told them, in writing, to cease make obscene or insulting remarks make false or misleading statements about the quantity or status of the debt or about their identity and authority threaten jail, arrest, or loss of custody of your young children try to gather unauthorized charges or charges send you collection letters that, falsely, appear like court papers. Do these issues seriously take place? You bet they do. By the way, lawyers and law firms who consistently gather debts are viewed as "debt collectors" for purposes of fair debt collection law.
THE TAKE AWAY MESSAGE: In looking for to stay away from the time, cash, and uncertainties of a lawsuit, creditors and debt collectors holding "unsecured" debts often turn out to be as well aggressive or as well clever for their (and your) personal great. But, beneath the law, you do not have to hide beneath the sofa, shed sleep, or disconnect your telephone. The law permits you to cease the harassment and to shield particular simple amounts of your earnings and assets. Know your rights so that you can workout them.


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Mrs. X,
The exact moment I knew I'd be safe in Judaism, my brother found out he was not.
I remember the walls of the room we were in. The grey movable walls that defined several classrooms and folding chairs that are typically found in a basement Hebrew school.
We were in the room to the right, with our peers sitting around a table with you. Notes scattered around us, gematria written on the chalkboard. I was gazing up at you like you were the most holy person on the planet; certainly the most I'd ever met. Remember that time I asked you if your husband, Rabbi X was a tzadik? That was real. I truly believed in your goodness. I was young, impressionable and wrong.
During that time, I was eleven years old. Outside of my spiritual studies, I had been going through my first real and probably hardest bout of depression. I had, the week prior, tried drowning myself in the bathtub at home. I woke up every morning momentarily blank. I would sit up in bed, quiet, before filling with dread. My mind would kindly reminded me: Gay. I might be gay. Well, I couldn't be gay. Not that, no. Maybe Bi, hadn't I had crushes on boys before? Just don't think of it. Put on clothes. Smile. Eat. Don't think about it… But if I was, what would I do? I'd be alone, no one to be with me. All alone. Dread.
My mind would not grant me the gift of silence and I had been going crazy that entire spring. I was so scared to assume the person I was. Too afraid to be… And yet, at Hebrew school, I felt at peace. My mother dropped us off together, and despite the turmoil at home, and in my mind, at Hebrew school there were narratives about right and wrong. Kind and strong heroes, and most of all, meaning.
I remember sitting there, it was a Wednesday. The small class, all of us looking at you as you animatedly recounted the stories in the parsha. We were hooked. I asked you questions that you often delighted in. We had a special bond you and I, I always knew that. You saw my inclination towards the divine and I saw you as my trusted guide towards what my Neshama had already known. I sat there, on that Wednesday, and entrusted you with all of my being when I asked, "Is it okay to be gay?"
You responded without pause. "Well actually, the Torah is more lenient towards women relationships than men. It's not ideal, but more okay to be a lesbian, that women have strong bonds. Our womanly nature lends itself to very close relationships."
However, you mentioned, "Being gay is very wrong."
You went into detail about how terrible gay men were in the eyes of HaShem and the Torah. In that moment, my heart melted. I was relieved. How beautiful is it, I thought, that my religion, my truth, really does support me? It was okay. I was going to be okay. I could be gay and follow my derech.
I left that day, never feeling more connected to Judaism. I didn't come out of the closet yet, in fact, I stayed in for many more years. Years with ups and downs with depression and suppressing who I was. For months I would be able to distract myself from my sexuality, only to be hit hard with a reminder after seeing a movie, or another trigger.
It wasn't until I was 19 years old, had dropped out of college and moved in with the only gay person I knew that I had told anyone I was questioning my sexuality. In reality, I knew. I had known all along. I had been attracted to girls as long I had been to boys, and in many ways almost more, but for the time being, it felt like a great weight off my shoulders. After I told my gay roommate, I told his sister, who also happened to be my best friend, the truth. And when she reacted well, I tried to tell my brother.
I got on my cell phone one afternoon and gave my brother a call. I spoke to him about his last year in high school and his campaign against slut shaming that he started. I was so proud of him and his insane social activism. At the same time, I felt envious, wishing I had been more true to myself when I was his age. It was true admiration.
I asked him, "Do you remember that day in Hebrew school when I asked Mrs. X about being gay?"
There was a long pause. Finally, he answered yes.
I went on, "Well, I asked that, being I had been struggling for so long with my sexuality, and while I found comfort in it.."
He cut me off, "You know, I believe in a perfect world, no one would have to 'come out' because no one would assume straightness to begin with."
I agreed and it took so much tension off, he was one step ahead of me and already icing my wound.
"Well, Mrs. X's answer gave me a lot of relief, because I'm Bi and it made me realize I can still practice the religion I love and be true to who I am."
I had finally said it! My brother laughed.
"I can't believe you remember that moment so well! That's the exact moment I decided I didn't believe in G-d at all."
It was a year later that he would come out to me as gay. My brother sat next to me in those damn folding chairs and was crushed by the words that had healed me as a child. I will never forget that day.
I still didn't blame you for the double message you gave to me and my sibling so many years ago. You were my angel, and my religious mother. You gave me everything I knew about Judaism, which despite obstacles, I still cherished and practiced into my adulthood. I guess that's one point for Chabad, zero for secular suburban Jewry.
It wasn't until I went to you for a crash course on Kallah classes before my wedding that my trust in you was shattered. I don't remember how this topic got brought up because I am still blinded by your words, but you said you believed in gay-conversion therapy. I'm not sure how I responded, but I walked out your door, and hardly spoke to you since. I was heartbroken.
You would call every once and awhile after, calling me by my Hebrew name like we were still connected, but our soul umbilical cord had been cut by your ignorance and hate towards what you do not know.
I am reminded of this all today when I decided to call you. I had a particular mitzvah to do and I knew you could help. After you helped me, which you did; we began schmoozing. You asked me about myself and marriage which was so nice of you. You asked me about work and my parents. Then you asked about my brother.
"Is he married yet?"
"No, but he's dating a guy."
You didn't respond, so I did, saying "You know he's gay right?"
And you said, "Wow, that's so difficult, what a shame."
Swiftly, like he wasn't even worth your breath anymore, you asked me about my husband.
I was standing in my kitchen, at a loss for the emotions I was feeling and stuttered out, "Well, actually on that note, I must go, my husband has made me dinner! Good night."
I think that is the last time I will talk to you, and so I also meant, goodbye.
I am a practicing Jew now, with such a strong sense of emunah, so for that I will forever be grateful. But I will never forgive such hatred and I will never forgive myself for not being more honest with you and telling you the truth about me as well.
Orthodox Judaism will have a serious problem on its hands if it does not get with the program of acceptance and righteousness. Queer people are everywhere, even in the most extreme folds of orthodoxy, and as society marches forward in acceptance of the LGBTQIA community, the more we will feel comfortable being who we are. I hope all of the LGBTQIA Jewish children are granted the relief I felt all those years ago, knowing HaShem accepted me and was a part of me, queerness and all, and not how my brother felt, thinking HaShem had no part in his beautiful creation.
Maybe it's because I built you up so much, it was inevitable you'd fall from grace… Or maybe I was too young to catch a hateful person when I saw it. I wish you well. I wish you well. I wish you well.


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Pharmacological evaluation of Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) on bronchial asthma
Himanshu Bhusan Sahoo1, Rakesh Sagar1, Ganesh Patro2, Madhulita Panda2, Saroj Kumar Sahoo3, D Priyadarshini3
1 Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Biology, Vedica College of Pharmacy, RKDF University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India2 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohuda, Berhampur, Odisha, India3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Sivani College of Pharmacy, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Correspondence Address:Himanshu Bhusan SahooDepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Biology, Vedica College of Pharmacy, RKDF University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh IndiaSource of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: NoneCheckDOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.199343
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
Objective: The present study was to investigate the antiasthmatic potential from the flavonoid fraction of Apium leptophyllum fruit (FFALF) to validate its traditional claim. Materials and Methods: The antiasthmatic activity of FFALF was evaluated by histamine or acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm model in guinea pigs, compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation in albino rats and histamine-induced tracheal contraction in guinea pig. The preconvulsion dyspnea time at 0th and 7th day at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg in guinea pig's bronchospasm model, the percentage of granulated and degranulated mast cell at the dose of 500, 750, and 1000 μg/ml in rats and tracheal contraction at the dose of 500, 750, and 1000 μg/ml in guinea pig were measured and compared with respective control groups. Results: The treatments of FFALF were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the histamine/acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm, mast cell degranulation, and histamine-induced tracheal contraction as compared to inducer group. In addition, FFALF showed dose-dependent antiasthmatic activity in all the animals. Conclusion: Hence, this study suggested that the FFALF showed antiasthmatic activity probably by membrane stabilizing property as well as suppressing antibody production and inhibiting of antigen induced by histamine and acetylcholine.
Keywords: Apium leptophyllum, asthma, bronchospasm, histamine, mast cell degranulation