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Blood sugar
The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal. The body naturally tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis.
With some exceptions,[2][3] glucose is the primary source of energy for the body's cells, and blood lipids (in the form of fats and oils) are primarily a compact energy store. Glucose is transported from the intestines or liver to body cells via the bloodstream, and is made available for cell absorption via the hormone insulin, produced by the body primarily in the pancreas.
Glucose levels are usually lowest in the morning, before the first meal of the day (termed "the fasting level"), and rise after meals for an hour or two by a few millimolar. Blood sugar levels outside the normal range may be an indicator of a medical condition. A persistently high level is referred to as hyperglycemia; low levels are referred to as hypoglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia from any of several causes, and is the most prominent disease related to failure of blood sugar regulation. Intake of alcohol causes an initial surge in blood sugar, and later tends to cause levels to fall. Also, certain drugs can increase or decrease glucose levels.[4]
- Units 1
- Normal values in humans 2
- Animals 3
- Regulation 4
Abnormality in blood sugar levels 5
- High blood sugar 5.1
- Low blood sugar 5.2
Glucose measurement 6
- Sample source 6.1
- Sample type 6.2
- Measurement techniques 6.3
- Clinical correlation 6.4
- Etymology and use of term 7
- See also 8
- References 9
- Further reading 10
- External links 11
The international standard way of measuring blood glucose levels are in terms of a molar concentration, measured in mmol/L (millimoles per litre; or millimolar, abbreviated mM). In the United States, West-Germany and other countries mass concentration is measured in mg/dL (milligrams per decilitre).[5]
Since the molecular weight of glucose C6H12O6 is 180, for the measurement of glucose, the difference between the two scales is a factor of 18, so that 1 mmol/L of glucose is equivalent to 18 mg/dL.[6]
Normal values in humans
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Many factors affect a person's blood sugar level. A body's homeostatic mechanism, when operating normally, restores the blood sugar level to a narrow range of about 4.4 to 6.1 mmol/L (79.2 to 110 mg/dL) (as measured by a fasting blood glucose test).[7]
The normal blood glucose level (tested while fasting) for non-diabetics, should be between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol/L (70 to 100 mg/dL). The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL);[6] however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Blood sugar levels for those without diabetes and who are not fasting should be below 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL).[8] The blood glucose target range for diabetics, according to the American Diabetes Association, should be 5–7.2 mmol/l (90–130 mg/dL) before meals, and less than 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) after meals (as measured by a blood glucose monitor).[9]
Despite widely variable intervals between meals or the occasional consumption of meals with a substantial carbohydrate load, human blood glucose levels tend to remain within the normal range. However, shortly after eating, the blood glucose level may rise, in non-diabetics, temporarily up to 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) or slightly more. For people with diabetes maintaining 'tight diabetes control', the American Diabetes Association recommends a post-meal glucose level of less than 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) and a fasting plasma glucose of 3.9 to 7.2 mmol/L (70–130 mg/dL).[10]
The actual amount of glucose in the blood and body fluids is very small. In a healthy adult male of 75 kg with a blood volume of 5 liters, a blood glucose level of 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) amounts to 5g, slightly less than two typical American restaurant sugar packets for coffee or tea.[11] Part of the reason why this amount is so small is that, to maintain an influx of glucose into cells, enzymes modify glucose by adding phosphate or other groups to it.
In general, ranges of blood sugar in common domestic ruminants are lower than in many monogastric mammals.[12] However this generalization does not extend to wild ruminants or camelids. For serum glucose in mg/dL, reference ranges of 42 to 75 for cows, 44 to 81 for sheep, and 48 to 76 for goats, but 61 to 124 for cats; 62 to 108 for dogs, 62 to 114 for horses, 66 to 116 for pigs, 75 to 155 for rabbits, and 90 to 140 for llamas have been reported.[13] A 90 percent reference interval for serum glucose of 26 to 181 mg/dL has been reported for captured mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), where no effects of the pursuit and capture on measured levels were evident.[14] For beluga whales, the 25–75 percent range for serum glucose has been estimated to be 94 to 115 mg/dL.[15] For the white rhinoceros, one study has indicated that the 95 percent range is 28 to 140 mg/dL.[16] For harp seals, a serum glucose range of 4.9 to 12.1 mmol/L [i.e. 88 to 218 mg/dL] has been reported; for hooded seals, a range of 7.5 to 15.7 mmol/L [i.e. about 135 to 283 mg/dL] has been reported.[17]
The body's homeostatic mechanism keeps blood glucose levels within a narrow range. It is composed of several interacting systems, of which hormone regulation is the most important.
There are two types of mutually antagonistic metabolic hormones affecting blood glucose levels:
- catabolic hormones (such as glucagon, cortisol and catecholamines) which increase blood glucose;
- and one anabolic hormone (insulin), which decreases blood glucose.
Abnormality in blood sugar levels
High blood sugar
If blood sugar levels remain too high the body suppresses appetite over the short term. Long-term hyperglycemia causes many of the long-term health problems including heart disease, eye, kidney, and nerve damage.
The most common cause of hyperglycemia is diabetes. When diabetes is the cause, physicians typically recommend an anti-diabetic medication as treatment. From the perspective the majority of patients, treatment with an old, well-understood diabetes drug such as metformin will be the safest, most effective, least expensive, most comfortable route to managing the condition.[18] Diet changes and exercise implementation may also be part of a treatment plan for diabetes.
Fasting blood glucose levels may be higher than the post meal blood glucose in many of the healthy subjects. Such individuals may be said to have physiological insulin resistance and may develop diabetes mellitus as long term complication. In clinical and laboratory practices, many of the time a healthy normal subject will present a fasting blood glucose value higher than the post meal blood glucose value. This creates confusion since there is a common perception that in blood, postprandial (PP) glucose level should be higher than fasting (F) glucose level. The repeated investigation subsequently yields somewhat similar type of result.[19]
Low blood sugar
If blood sugar levels drop too low, a potentially fatal condition called hypoglycemia develops. Symptoms may include lethargy, impaired mental functioning; irritability; shaking, twitching, weakness in arm and leg muscles; pale complexion; sweating; paranoid or aggressive mentality and loss of consciousness.
Mechanisms that restore satisfactory blood glucose levels after extreme hypoglycemia (below 40 mg/dl) must be quick and effective to prevent extremely serious consequences of insufficient glucose: confusion or unsteadiness and, in the extreme (below 15 mg/dl) loss of consciousness and seizures. It is far more dangerous to have too little glucose in the blood than too much, at least temporarily. In healthy individuals, blood glucose-regulating mechanisms are generally quite effective, and symptomatic hypoglycemia is generally found only in diabetics using insulin or other pharmacological treatment. Hypoglycemic episodes can vary greatly between persons and from time to time, both in severity and swiftness of onset. For severe cases, prompt medical assistance is essential, as damage to brain and other tissues and even death will result from sufficiently low blood-glucose levels.
Glucose measurement
Sample source
In a fasting individual, glucose levels are comparable in arterial, venous, and capillary blood. But following meals, capillary and arterial blood glucose levels can be significantly higher than venous levels. This is because tissue cells consume some of the glucose in the blood as it passes from arteries through the capillary bed and into the veins.[20] Although these differences vary widely, one study found that following the consumption of 50 grams of glucose, "the mean capillary blood glucose concentration is higher than the mean venous blood glucose concentration by 35%."[20][21][22]
Sample type
Glucose is measured in whole blood, plasma or serum. Historically, blood glucose values were given in terms of whole blood, but most laboratories now measure and report plasma or serum glucose levels. Because red blood cells (erythrocytes) have a higher concentration of protein (e.g., hemoglobin) than serum, serum has a higher water content and consequently more dissolved glucose than does whole blood. To convert from whole-blood glucose, multiplication by 1.15 has been shown to generally give the serum/plasma level.
Collection of blood in clot tubes for serum chemistry analysis permits the metabolism of glucose in the sample by blood cells until separated by centrifugation. Red blood cells, for instance, do not require insulin to intake glucose from the blood. Higher than normal amounts of white or red blood cell counts can lead to excessive glycolysis in the sample, with substantial reduction of glucose level if the sample is not processed quickly. Ambient temperature at which the blood sample is kept prior to centrifuging and separation of plasma/serum also affects glucose levels. At refrigerator temperatures, glucose remains relatively stable for several hours in a blood sample. Loss of glucose can be prevented by using Fluoride tubes (i.e., gray-top) since fluoride inhibits glycolysis. However, these should only be used when blood will be transported from one hospital laboratory to another for glucose measurement. Red-top serum separator tubes also preserve glucose in samples after being centrifuged isolating the serum from cells.
To prevent contamination of the sample with intravenous fluids, particular care should be given to drawing blood samples from the arm opposite the one in which an intravenous line is inserted. Alternatively, blood can be drawn from the same arm with an IV line after the IV has been turned off for at least 5 minutes, and the arm has been elevated to drain infused fluids away from the vein. Inattention can lead to large errors, since as little as 10% contamination with a 5% glucose solution (D5W) will elevate glucose in a sample by 500 mg/dL or more. Remember that the actual concentration of glucose in blood is very low, even in the hyperglycemic.
Measurement techniques
Two major methods have been used to measure glucose. The first, still in use in some places, is a chemical method exploiting the nonspecific reducing property of glucose in a reaction with an indicator substance that changes color when reduced. Since other blood compounds also have reducing properties (e.g., urea, which can be abnormally high in uremic patients), this technique can produce erroneous readings in some situations (5 to 15 mg/dL has been reported). The more recent technique, using enzymes specific to glucose, is less susceptible to this kind of error. The two most common employed enzymes are glucose oxidase and hexokinase.
In either case, the chemical system is commonly contained on a test strip which is inserted into a meter, and then has a blood sample applied. Test-strip shapes and their exact chemical composition vary between meter systems and cannot be interchanged. Formerly, some test strips were read (after timing and wiping away the blood sample) by visual comparison against a color chart printed on the vial label. Strips of this type are still used for urine glucose readings, but for blood glucose levels they are obsolete. Their error rates were, in any case, much higher. More precise blood glucose measurements are performed in a medical laboratory, using hexokinase, glucose oxidase, or glucose dehydrogenase enzymes.
Urine glucose readings, however taken, are much less useful. In properly functioning kidneys, glucose does not appear in urine until the renal threshold for glucose has been exceeded. This is substantially above any normal glucose level, and is evidence of an existing severe hyperglycemic condition. However, as urine is stored in the bladder, any glucose in it might have been produced at any time since the last time the bladder was emptied. Since metabolic conditions change rapidly, as a result of any of several factors, this is delayed news and gives no warning of a developing condition. Blood glucose monitoring is far preferable, both clinically and for home monitoring by patients. Healthy urine glucose levels were first standardized and published in 1965[23] by Hans Renschler.
|A. Oxidation-reduction reaction
|\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{Alkaline\ copper\ tartarate}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Reduction}} \mathrm{Cuprous\ oxide}
|1. Alkaline copper reduction
|Folin-Wu method
|\mathrm{Cu}^{++} + \mathrm{Phosphomolybdic\ acid}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Oxidation}} \mathrm{Phosphomolybdenum\ oxide}
|Blue end-product
|Benedict's method
|Nelson–Somogyi method
|\mathrm{Cu}^{++} + \mathrm{Arsenomolybdic\ acid}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Oxidation}} \mathrm{Arsenomolybdenum\ oxide}
|Blue end-product
|Neocuproine method
|\mathrm{Cu}^{++} + \mathrm{Neocuproine}\xrightarrow{\mathrm{Oxidation}} \mathrm{Cu}^{++} \mathrm{neocuproine\ complex} *
|Yellow-orange color neocuproine[24]
|2. Alkaline Ferricyanide Reduction
|\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{Alkaline\ ferricyanide}\longrightarrow \mathrm{Ferrocyanide}
|Colorless end product; other reducing substances interfere with reaction
|B. Condensation
|Ortho-toluidine method
|Anthrone (phenols) method
|A. Glucose oxidase
|\mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{O}_{2}\xrightarrow[\mathrm{Oxidation}] {\mathrm{glucose\ oxidase}}\textrm{D-glucono-1,5-lactone} + \mathrm{H_{2}O_{2}}
|Saifer–Gerstenfeld method
|\mathrm{H_{2}O_2} + \textit{O}\text{-dianisidine}\xrightarrow[\mathrm{Oxidation}] {\mathrm{peroxidase}} \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{oxidized\ chromogen}
|Inhibited by reducing substances like BUA, bilirubin, glutathione, ascorbic acid
|Trinder method
|Kodak Ektachem
|B. Hexokinase
\begin{alignat}{2} & \mathrm{Glucose} + \mathrm{ATP}\xrightarrow[\mathrm{Phosphorylation}] {\mathrm{Hexokinase} + \mathrm{Mg}^{++}} \textrm{G-6PO}_4 + \mathrm{ADP} \\ & \textrm{G-6PO}_4 + \mathrm{NADP}\xrightarrow[\mathrm{Oxidation}] {\textrm{G-6PD}} \textrm{6-Phosphogluconate} + \mathrm{NADPH} + \mathrm{H}^{+} \\ \end{alignat}
Clinical correlation
The fasting blood glucose level, which is measured after a fast of 8 hours, is the most commonly used indication of overall glucose homeostasis, largely because disturbing events such as food intake are avoided. Conditions affecting glucose levels are shown in the table below. Abnormalities in these test results are due to problems in the multiple control mechanism of glucose regulation.
The metabolic response to a carbohydrate challenge is conveniently assessed by a postprandial glucose level drawn 2 hours after a meal or a glucose load. In addition, the glucose tolerance test, consisting of several timed measurements after a standardized amount of oral glucose intake, is used to aid in the diagnosis of diabetes.
Error rates for blood glucose measurements systems vary, depending on laboratories, and on the methods used. Colorimetry techniques can be biased by color changes in test strips (from airborne or finger borne contamination, perhaps) or interference (e.g., tinting contaminants) with light source or the light sensor. Electrical techniques are less susceptible to these errors, though not to others. In home use, the most important issue is not accuracy, but trend. Thus if a meter / test strip system is consistently wrong by 10%, there will be little consequence, as long as changes (e.g., due to exercise or medication adjustments) are properly tracked. In the US, home use blood test meters must be approved by the Federal Food and Drug Administration before they can be sold.
Finally, there are several influences on blood glucose level aside from food intake. Infection, for instance, tends to change blood glucose levels, as does stress either physical or psychological. Exercise, especially if prolonged or long after the most recent meal, will have an effect as well. In the normal person, maintenance of blood glucose at near constant levels will nevertheless be quite effective.
|Persistent hyperglycemia
|Transient hyperglycemia
|Persistent hypoglycemia
|Transient hypoglycemia
|Reference range, FBG: 70–110 mg/dL
|Diabetes mellitus
|Acute alcohol ingestion
|Adrenal cortical hyperactivity Cushing's syndrome
|Severe liver disease
|Adrenal cortical insufficiency Addison's disease
|Drugs: salicylates, antituberculosis agents
|Acute stress reaction
|Severe liver disease
|Several glycogen storage diseases
|Ectopic insulin production from tumors
|Hereditary fructose intolerance
Etymology and use of term
In a physiological context, the term is a misnomer because it refers to glucose, yet other sugars besides glucose are always present. Food contains several different types (e.g., fructose (largely from fruits/table sugar/industrial sweeteners), galactose (milk and dairy products), as well as several food additives such as sorbitol, xylose, maltose, etc.). But because these other sugars are largely inert with regard to the metabolic control system (i.e., that controlled by insulin secretion), since glucose is the dominant controlling signal for metabolic regulation, the term has gained currency, and is used by medical staff and lay folk alike. The table above reflects some of the more technical and closely defined terms used in the medical field.
See also
- Current research – Boronic acids in supramolecular chemistry: Saccharide recognition
- Blood glucose monitoring
- Glucagon
- ^ Daly, Mark E; Vale, C; Walker, M; Littlefield, A; Alberti, KG; Mathers, JC (1998). "Acute effects on insulin sensitivity and diurnal metabolic profiles of a high-sucrose compared with a high starch diet" (PDF). Am J Clin Nutr (American Society for Clinical Nutrition) 67 (6): 1186–1196.
- ^ Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. 2nd Ed. Cornell Univ. Press, ISBN 080142772X.
- ^ Young, J. W. (1977). "Gluconeogenesis in cattle: Significance and methodology".
- ^ Rosemary Walker & Jill Rodgers Type 2 Diabetes – Your Questions Answered, Dorling Kindersley, 2006, ISBN 1-74033-550-3.
- ^ Diabetes FAQs – Blood Glucose Measurement Units – Abbott Diabetes Care
- ^ a b What are mg/dl and mmol/l? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Advameg, Inc.
- ^ "Screening for Type 2 Diabetes". Clinical Diabetes 18 (2). 2000.
- ^ Glucose test – blood. NIH – National Institutes of Health.
- ^ Davidson, Nancy Klobassa and Moreland, Peggy (July 26, 2011) Living with diabetes blog. mayoclinic.com.
- ^ American Diabetes Association (2006). "January 2006 Diabetes Care". Diabetes Care 29 (Supplement 1): 51–580.
- ^ USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 22 (2009)
- ^ Eiler, H. (2004). "Endocrine glands". In Reese, W. O. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals (12th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Comstock. pp. 621–669.
- ^ Kahn, C. M., ed. (2005). Merck Veterinary Manual (9th ed.). Whitehouse Station: Merck & Co.
- ^ Rice, C. G. and Hall, B. (2007). "Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus): effects of capture conditions". Northwest Science 81 (3): 206.
- ^ Cornell, LH; Duffield, DS; Joseph, BE; Stark, B (1988). "Hematology and serum chemistry values in the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas)". Journal of wildlife diseases 24 (2): 220–4.
- ^ Seal, U. S.; Barton, R.; Mather, L.; Gray, C. W. (1976). )"Ceratotherium simum simum"Baseline Laboratory Data for the White Rhinoceros ( (PDF). The Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine 7 (1): 11–17.
- ^ Boily, F; Beaudoin, S; Measures, LN (2006). "Hematology and serum chemistry of harp (Phoca groenlandica) and hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) during the breeding season, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada". Journal of wildlife diseases 42 (1): 115–32.
- ^
- ^ Warade, Jayesh Prabhakar (2014). "Fasting blood glucose level higher than post-meal in healthy subjects: a study of 738 subjects" (PDF). World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 3 (4).
- ^ a b Yang, Chiaohsin (2012). "A Comparison between Venous and Finger-Prick Blood Sampling on Values of Blood Glucose" (PDF). International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering 39: 236.
- ^ Somogyi, Michael (1948). "Studies of Arteriovenous Differences in Blood Sugar" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem 174 (1): 189–200.
- ^ Roe, Jeffrey. "Glucose Concentration Difference Between Arterial, Capillary, and Venous Blood."
- ^ Renschler, HE; Weicker, H; Von Baeyer, H (1965). "The upper limit of glucose concentration in the urine of healthy subjects". Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 90 (53): 2349–53.
- ^ Neocuproine MSDS. hazard.com
Further reading
- Henry, John Bernard (2001). Clinical diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods (20th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
External links
- Glucose at Lab Tests Online
- Glucose (blood, serum, plasma): analyte monograph – The Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Articles needing additional references from March 2012
- All articles needing additional references
- All articles with unsourced statements
- Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013
- All accuracy disputes
- Articles with disputed statements from May 2013
- WorldHeritage articles needing clarification from August 2010
- Human homeostasis
- Blood tests
- Diabetes


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Interesting. I'd bet this group will make more progress than any government effort.
Silicon Valley's ambitions range far and wide, from taking on hotels and taxi operators to connecting toothbrushes to the Internet.
Now, it's starting to turn its focus to North Korea.
Over the weekend, about 100 hackers, coders and engineers gathered in San Francisco to brainstorm ways to pierce the information divide that separates North Korea from the rest of the world.
The event, dubbed "Hack North Korea" by organizers at the Human Rights Foundation, is part of a broader effort to channel the wealth, ambition and know-how of Silicon Valley to address difficult real-world problems — and few topics are knottier than North Korea.
The Human Rights Foundation hackathon follows a balloon launch earlier this year that brought democracy leaflets, South Korean soap operas on DVD and USB drives loaded with the Korean Wikipedia over the demilitarized zone that separates the two Koreas.
During the two-day "Hack North Korea" event, the participants were briefed by defectors on the situation in the country. They then pitched ideas for ways to use technology to get information into the country, and broke into groups to turn those ideas into rough prototypes.
"These are people who don't usually think about human rights or North Korea, and I think they learned a lot," said Alex Gladstein, director of institutional affairs for the Human Rights Foundation. The session wrapped up on Sunday like most Silicon Valley hackathons, with four-minute presentations before a panel of six judges — three judges from the West, three from North Korea.
The winning team, which featured a pair of teenage siblings who flew in from Virginia for the event, presented a prototype of a system that could allow North Koreans to get real-time information more easily inside the country, Mr. Gladstein said.
The team proposed using micro-radio devices the size of credit cards, which they said could pick up signals from the South and which could be delivered into the country by smuggling or balloon drop.
Alongside this, the team would target South Korean satellite television broadcasts aimed at China, which pass over the North. Using what they described as "easily concealable" satellite receivers, North Koreans would be able to directly plug their televisions into the receivers.
For their efforts, the winning team won a trip to South Korea to meet with defectors and try and turn their idea into a reality. In recent years, groups like the Human Rights Foundation have been courting Silicon Valley as a source of funds and ideas. Google founder Sergey Brin and his wife Anne Wojcicki, as well as Peter Thiel, are major donors to the non-profit.
The foundation's current North Korea campaign is being funded by Alexander Lloyd, a Silicon Valley venture capitalist. Mr. Lloyd has said he first got interested in the country after hearing defector Hyeonseo Lee tell the story of her escape from North Korea in a widely-viewed TED talk last year.
Of course, North Korea is no stranger to cyber warfare. It has its own legions of computer-savvy hackers, who have been fingered in a number of attacks on the South, though the North has denied involvement.
In June, a Seoul-based defector group said that Pyongyang had issued an order signed by the country's leader Kim Jong Un to insulate the country from the South's cyberattacks.

subset: commoncrawl


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Miami Accountant Offers Tax Refunds on Prepaid Debit Cards
Our Miami Accounting Firm will offer the cards to taxpayers as a safe, convenient, and low-cost way to receive their tax refunds electronically, especially if they lack a bank account. The new program aims to provide consumer protection features for Americans with limited or no access to traditional banking services.
A low-cost option for faster delivery of their federal tax refund. This innovative card can be used for everyday financial transactions, such as receiving wages by direct deposit, withdrawing cash, making purchases, paying bills, and building savings safely and conveniently, giving users more control over their financial futures.
Also this week, the Treasury began a companion pilot to encourage tens of thousands of current and potential payroll card users to direct deposit their 2010 federal tax refund onto existing payroll cards. Nationwide, more than 1.7 million workers use payroll cards to receive and access their wages, often because they do not have bank accounts. Working with ADP, a provider of payroll services, the Treasury will highlight the safety, ease, and convenience of the direct deposit onto payroll cards through tax season communications, including materials distributed with pay statements.
The letters mailed to taxpayers about MyAccountCard contain information about the card's features, including free services and the fee structure for optional services. Many of the features, including free point-of-sale transactions, free online bill pay, free ATM cash withdrawals at more than 15,000 ATM machines nationwide, and free cash back at participating retail stores, will help cardholders limit the costs of using the card. The information also explains how to sign up, and how to use the card to receive a federal tax refund and conduct everyday financial transactions.
The Visa-branded MyAccountCard will be issued by Bonneville Bank, acting as Treasury's financial agent and pursuant to a license from Visa U.S.A. Inc., with additional services provided by Bonneville Bank through its program manager, Green Dot Corporation, a prepaid financial services company. Bonneville Bank, Visa, and Green Dot will offer MyAccountCard cardholders a wide variety of card features, reliable customer service support by telephone and Internet, and a large nationwide reload network.
The tax-time pilots build on the Obama administration's efforts to increase electronic payments and to empower Americans to make informed financial decisions. Those who receive Social Security, Supplemental Security Income, and other types of federal benefits already have the choice to get their payments through the Direct Express Debit MasterCard card, which was designed for federal benefit recipients and is recommended by the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
CPA | Accountant Firm | Accountant Miami | CPA Firm | Accountants Miami Fl | Accountant Miami Fl | Accounting Firms | Accountant | Accounting Firm | Tax Accountant Miami | Accountant Services


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The Toronto Raptors snapped a six-game losing streak with a 102-98 win over the Orlando Magic on Sunday. Guard Leandro Barbosa had some 14 points ... should be reason to celebrate, right?In a light-hearted moment, Barbosa took the hand of teammate Reggie Evans enroute to the locker room. The innoucous image has caused a "no homo" gay panic backlash across the 'net.
Hundreds of gay-baiting comments were left on YouTube and other sites. YouTube commenting is now disabled but OutSports captured some of the flavor: "How romantic…ha, faggs." "Reggie Evans is GAY" "Not only does [head coach] jay triano have to deal with barnani and calderon but these fags has well! its a miracle they even won 21 games!"
The backlash against the ballers is reminiscent of the January 2008 University of Louisville incident. The image of two Louisvile players embracing produced hundreds of gay panic comments. source 1, 2


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Thanks to JESUS!
Isaiah 61:1-8 King James Version (KJV)
1 The Spirit of the Lord God is upon me; because the Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound; 2 To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn; 3 To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the Lord, that he might be glorified. 4 And they shall build the old wastes, they shall raise up the former desolations, and they shall repair the waste cities, the desolations of many generations. 5 And strangers shall stand and feed your flocks, and the sons of the alien shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers. 6 But ye shall be named the Priests of the Lord: men shall call you the Ministers of our God: ye shall eat the riches of the Gentiles, and in their glory shall ye boast yourselves. 7 For your shame ye shall have double; and for confusion they shall rejoice in their portion: therefore in their land they shall possess the double: everlasting joy shall be unto them. 8 For I the Lord love judgment, I hate robbery for burnt offering; and I will direct their work in truth, and I will make an everlasting covenant with them.
♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥
Thanks to the Divine Intervention of my Heavenly Father (Who came through when everything fell apart) My life bears witness of the miraculous Power of The Lord Jesus Christ! 😀 I have been delivered of multiple psychiatric drugs, LIES, and I've experienced supernatural healing in both my soul and body by The Power of The Holy Spirit of God! I have never been more FREE or happier in life than I am right now thanks to JESUS! This FREEDOM is for EVERYONE! God is surely on the move! Amen! 🙂
I set out to college in 2003, majoring in psychology because I always wanted to heal with words. In spring of 2004, my world was shaken and forever changed with an unexpected "manic episode". That's not what it really was though. The TRUTH sets people free. The Bipolar diagnosis brought along a handful of hospitalizations, routine maintenance Cognitive Behavioral therapy, and medications. Because of the obstacles that followed, I found myself at the foot of The Cross, where true healing begins.
Turns out this whole thing is a spiritual battle. Mental illnesses (and physical diseases, even cancer) are really demonic and can be cast out in the Name of Jesus if you are born again! It's called Deliverance Ministry. There is inner healing for the human soul provided for by The God of The Bible for all mankind. I have been truly liberated in such a great way by The Hand of God Himself. God can and WILL restore ANYTHING (Joel 2). My breakthrough did NOT come from a church building or a Pastor. My breakthrough came directly from The Throne Room when I sincerely sought The Face of God in my bedroom or "prayer closet." Updated testimony coming soon.


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Seeking some information on the backpacks which can be used for bike trips. Planning to have some good backpacks which will be having some good features like large space, light weight, changing ports, some protective features and more. It must be waterproof. Please some one leave some suggestion on this.
Thanks & Regards.
What kind of "tripe" are we talking about here?
1. the first or second stomach of a cow or other ruminant used as food.
nonsense; rubbish
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All prices are in All prices are in USD
Very useful... your dog can wear it seven times a year. These 100% cotton jersey dog bandanas have a fashionable cover-stitch edge and quality silk screened lettering. They are completely machine washable and prewashed to avoid shrinkage. Our bandanas are hand screened in the USA with love.


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New Tron Legacy billboard art seems to show some more new modifications to the classic lightcycle/suit design, including a revamped helmet... and is that a gun on the cycle?
Disney shared this image with a handful of lucky fans who registered via Tron's Facebook page, and presumably it'll be zooming over freeway overpasses at some point in the next few months. Bigger version at the link. [StitchKingdom]


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Historic Photos Reveal a Mercury Never Seen Before
Mar 30, 2011 2:38 PM PT
NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft on Tuesday and Wednesday captured and delivered to Earth the first photographs of Mercury ever taken from within the planet's orbit.
Taken at 5:20 am EDT Tuesday, the historic first photo was soon joined by 364 more of the solar system's innermost planet, and several of them were released on Wednesday. Photos were taken by MESSENGER's Mercury Dual Imaging System as the spacecraft sailed high above the planet's south pole, providing a glimpse of portions of Mercury's surface that had not previously been seen by humans.
"The entire MESSENGER team is thrilled that spacecraft and instrument checkout has been proceeding according to plan," said MESSENGER Principal Investigator Sean Solomon of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
"The first images from orbit and the first measurements from MESSENGER's other payload instruments are only the opening trickle of the flood of new information that we can expect over the coming year," Solomon added. "The orbital exploration of the solar system's innermost planet has begun."
Orbiting Every 12 Hours
NASA's MESSENGER -- short for "MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging" -- on March 17 became the first spacecraft ever to enter Mercury's orbit after completing more than a dozen laps within the inner solar system over the past 6.6 years.
The probe will continue to orbit the planet once every 12 hours for the duration of its primary mission. On April 4, the yearlong science phase of the mission will begin, and the first orbital science data from Mercury will be returned.
In the meantime, thousands more images will be captured and studied in order to better understand the planet.
Newly Imaged Terrain
The bottom portion of the image is near Mercury's south pole and includes a region of Mercury's surface not previously seen by spacecraft. That newly imaged terrain can be seen by comparing the new image with the planned image footprint.
Mercury's diameter is 3,030 miles. Simulated views on the MESSENGER website provide a glimpse of the spacecraft's current position.
One of 4 Rocky Planets
'They've had pictures of Mercury before, but this is the first time they've gone completely around the planet," Paul Czysz, professor emeritus of aerospace engineering at St. Louis University, told TechNewsWorld.
Mercury is of interest to scientists because it is one of only four rocky planets identified so far in our solar system. Joining it on that list is also Earth, of course, as well as Venus and Mars.
Among those planets, Mercury is the smallest, the densest (after correcting for self-compression), the one with the oldest surface, the one with the largest daily variations in surface temperature, and the least explored. So, developing a better understanding of Mercury is a key to understanding how the planets in our solar system formed and evolved. [*Editor's Note - March 30, 2011]
'One Side Is Blasted Bare'
Making Mercury particularly interesting is its proximity to the sun, and the fact that one side of the planet faces the sun most of the time, Czysz noted.
"One side is blasted bare" by the sun, while "the other side is dark and cold," he explained. "It takes years for it to do a complete revolution."
In fact, the extremely high temperatures on the sun-facing side of the planet meant that MESSENGER had to be designed carefully to be able to withstand such heat, Czysz noted. "They've designed the craft so a lot of the sensitive stuff is shielded behind, in the shadow of the sun."
Whereas the Juno probe slated to visit Jupiter later this year had to be designed to withstand that planet's nuclear radiation, MESSENGER's challenge was radiation of the thermal kind, he pointed out.
Looking for a Magnetic Core
Insights that could be gained from a deeper understanding of Mercury include a better idea of the solar system's origins, Czysz said.
Our current understanding is that Earth is distinct among the solar system's four rocky planets in that it has a significant magnetic field, resulting from its molten nuclear core. Though neither Mars nor Venus has anything comparable today, there is evidence that suggests Mars may have had something similar at one time, he added.
Mercury, then, could be our last chance to find another rocky planet with at least the vestiges of a magnetic core like Earth's, Czysz explained.
"The only reason we have an atmosphere and don't die is because of our magnetic field," he pointed out. That's because the magnetic field is what deflects the solar winds and radiation that are constantly trying to bombard our planet.
'The Largest Nuclear Reactor Ever Conceived'
"We're trying to put the pieces together as to why some rocky planets have magnetic fields, or nuclear cores, and why some don't," Czysz noted.
Such information is particularly timely in the wake of the nuclear disaster currently facing Japan, Czysz added.
"We're all afraid of what happened in Japan," he pointed out.
In fact, Czysz said, "we're sitting on the largest nuclear reactor ever conceived -- it's called the core of the Earth."
*ECT News Network editor's note - March 30, 2011: Our original publication of this article stated that Mercury was the densest of the four rocky planets without including the necessary qualifier "after correcting for self-compression."


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The glitzy awards show began with Snoop Dogg spitting out rhymes, joined by Blink 182 drummer Travis Barker. Snoop is a big fan of the game, and while seemingly a fan of the Thrashers and the Ducks, is one of the rappers to popularize the wearing of hockey jerseys while performing.
The host of this year's NHL Awards was comedian Jay Mohr, a featured performer on 'Saturday Night Live' in the mid-nineties and an actor with credits that include the film 'Jerry Maguire' and the television show, 'Ghost Whisperer.' Mohr introduced Mark Wahlberg to present the first award of the evening.
Matt Duchene of the Colorado Avalanche, Jimmy Howard of the Detroit Red Wings and the Buffalo Sabres' Tyler Myers were the nominees for the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL's rookie of the year. Twenty-year-old Tyler Myers, a native of Katy, Texas who grew up in Calgary, Alberta from the age of ten, Myers was steady as a rock on the Sabres' blueline. The 6'8" goliath scored 11 goals and 37 assists playing in all 82 games for Buffalo.
Hall of Fame Honoured Member Luc Robitaille was joined by Gemini Award-winning Natasha Henstridge, a Newfoundland native, in presenting the Frank J. Selke Memorial Award. Pavel Datsyuk of the Red Wings edged Ryan Kessler of the Vancouver Canucks and the Pittsburgh Penguins' Jordan Staal for the trophy that honours the league's best defensive forward. The hard-working Datsyuk, born in Sverdlovsk, Russia, took the honour for a third straight season, scoring 27 times, assisting on 43 others and being equally responsible at the other end of the rink.
Henrik Sedin, the Vancouver Canucks' star, won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading scorer. Using 29 goals and 83 assists to compile his league-best 112 points, Sedin's total is 30 better than his previous best total in the NHL.
The Maurice 'Rocket' Richard Award was shared by Sidney Crosby of the Penguins and Steven Stamkos of Tampa Bay's Lightning, both of whom tallied 51 times. Stamkos, just 20-years-old, completed just his second NHL season, while Crosby, 23 years of age, is a veteran of five NHL campaigns.
Joe Sacco of the Colorado Avalanche, Dave Tippett of the Phoenix Coyotes and Barry Trotz, head coach of the Nashville Predators, were nominated for the NHL's coach of the year honours. John Slattery of 'Mad Men' presented the Jack Adams Award to Tippett, who guided the Coyotes through treacherous waters into their first post-season activity since 2002. The Moosomin, Saskatchewan native, a former NHL player, took over the Coyotes' reins from Wayne Gretzky and guided the team to its first 50-win season in franchise history. And all of that was accomplished through the uncertainty of whether the team would continue to exist in the Arizona desert.
Jamie Kennedy of 'The Jamie Kennedy Experiment' was joined by D.B. Sweeney, Dish Boggett in 'Lonesome Dove' and 'Shoeless' Joe Jackson in the film, 'Eight Men Out.' The two announced the nominees for the Vezina Trophy for the NHL's best netminder as Martin Brodeur of the New Jersey Devils, Ilya Bryzgalov of the Coyotes and the Buffalo Sabres' sensational Ryan Miller. Miller collected the Vezina, having backstopped the Sabres with 41 wins, 18 losses and 8 ties in 69 appearances, with 5 shutouts, a goals-against average of 2.22 and a spectacular save percentage of .929.
The goaltending theme was maintained with Martin Brodeur claiming the William Jennings Trophy for the fewest goals-against during the 2009-10 season. Allowing just 168 goals earned Brodeur the trophy for the fifth time, tying him for most all-time with Patrick Roy. The Devils' star won the honour in 1997, 1998, 2003, 2004 and 2010.
Shinedown, the hard-rocking Florida band, performed 'Sound of Madness' from their album of the same name. Then, Michael Rosenbaum, best known for his role in 'Smallville,' stepped up to announce the nominees for the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy. The Lightning's Kurtis Foster, Jed Ortmeyer of the Sharks and Washington goaltender Jose Theodore were the finalists, with Theodore named as the 2010 recipient for dedication and perseverance. Theodore's two-month-old son, Chace, died of a respiratory ailment after being born prematurely on June 22, 2009, a year plus a day prior to the award ceremony. The emotional netminder created a charity called 'Saves For Kids' that benefits the neo-natal intensive care unit at Washington's Children's National Medical Center, where Chace lost his life. Jose pledged dollars for each win, save and shutout made during the season to the charity.
An awards show wouldn't be complete without the grandest trophy of them all. The Stanley Cup, first presented in 1893, arrived with several of the Blackhawks, including coach Joel Quenneville and stars Jonathan Toews, Patrick Kane and Duncan Keith. Every player in the building eyed Lord Stanley's legacy, hoping that next year at this time it would be them who'd be carrying the Cup onto the stage.
Kevin Zegers, one of the stars of 'Transamerica,' and Leven Rambin of 'Grey's Anatomy,' then read the names of those players up for the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy for the NHL's most gentlemanly player. Detroit's Pavel Datsyuk, Brad Richards of Dallas And Martin St. Louis of the Tampa Bay Lightning each had his fingers crossed, but it was St. Louis who carried the trophy away from the stage. Reading his notes from his Blackberry, Martin collected 94 points this season, and earned just 12 penalty minutes through the 82-game season.
Sidney Crosby, the captain of the Penguins, cited Steve Yzerman as An influence after receiving the Bridgestone Mark Messier NHL Leadership Award from Messier himself.
Former Chicago teammates, Ed Olczyk and Jeremy Roenick, announced that Duncan Keith of the Blackhawks had won the James Norris Memorial Trophy as the league's best defencemen, beating Drew Doughty of Los Angeles and Mike Green of the Capitals. The Winnipeg native, who completed his fifth season in Chicago, played huge minutes in all 82 games, and scored 14 goals and 55 assists for 69 points as he starred on the Blackhawks' blueline.
The NHL Foundation Player Award is awarded annually to the player who applies the core values of hockey -- commitment, perseverance and teamwork -- to enrich the lives of people in his community. The winner, Ryan Miller of the Sabres, was given $25,000 for his charity, The Steadfast Foundation, a social enterprise that supports children afflicted with cancer. Miller dedicated himself to the cause after losing his cousin Matt to leukemia.
The GooGoo Dolls, like Ryan Miller, the pride of Buffalo, performed the final musical selection of the evening. Best known for 'Iris' and 'Slide,' The GooGoo Dolls, who have had 17 top ten hits, performed 'Home' from the album, 'Something for the Rest of Us.'
The final award of the night, and arguably the biggest, was the Hart Memorial Trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the National Hockey League during the 2009-10 season. Hall of Fame winger Guy Lafleur announced the finalists as Sidney Crosby, Alexander Ovechkin and Henrik Sedin. All worthy nominees, the Hart went to Sedin of the Vancouver Canucks. Genuinely surprised, 30-year-old Sedin (older than his Canucks' linemate and twin, Daniel, by six minutes) was the NHL's scoring champion and a prime reason why Vancouver finished with 103 points, good for first place in the Northwest Division.
A sterling evening with sparkling hardware and a cast of hundreds, the stars of the evening will be integral parts of the NHL landscape for years to come�just like the Stanley Cup!
* * *
On Tuesday, get back here to the Stanley Cup Journal as we take you behind the scenes at the NHL Entry Draft.
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Since we started making our bacon this way, we can't go back to a pan. I think it tastes just as good, in fact, for those who like their bacon not crispy, this is the best way to do it. You just line a baking pan with parchment and lay the strips down. Set the oven at 400 degrees—it should take around 20 minutes. When it's done, pour off the fat (you could save it for other uses later) and lay them down on paper towels like you'd do if you'd cooked it in the pan. This means no having to clean up the stove from bacon grease, and no messy pan.
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Today's Limerick is inspired by my friend Alfie from Alfie's Blog - A Mountain Dog's View of the World. Do you know Alfie? If not, please pop over to his blog and introduce yourself.
Remember...you can show off your Limerick by adding the "I Inspired a Limerick" Badge to your blog.
You can read previously posted Limericks HERE.


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Pacific Investment Management Co. is leaving the American Securitization Forum, an offshoot of SIFMA that represents underwriters and holders of securitized debt. The bond fund behemoth cited what it believed was a lack of advocacy on behalf of the organization's money manager members as the reason.
Specifically, PIMCO made the decision to leave after the American Securitization Forum declined to issue a statement about investors' views on the nationwide foreclosure settlement earlier this month by five banks, Bloomberg reports, citing two people with knowledge of the matter.
According to the news service, PIMCO, manager of the world's biggest bond fund, "informed ASF executive director Tom Deutsch of its decision in early February, said the people, who requested anonymity because the talks were private. The episode underscored Pimco's concern that the trade group doesn't advocate for debt buyers as well as banks that underwrite mortgages, the people said."
PIMCO's issue with he settlement appears to be the associated costs that it says will be passed along to its shareholders.
Formed in 2002, the 350-member American Securitization Forum formerly operated as a part of SIFMA. In January 2010, ASF announced that it had chosen to terminate its affiliation with SIFMA.
In early February, five major U.S. banks agreed to a $25 billion government settlement over charges stemming from the practice of "robo-signing" and other actions the government called abusive to borrowers. An estimated one million borrowers may be affected by the deal.
The combination state-federal settlement announced on Feb. 9 will offer mortgage debt relief and $2,000 payments to borrowers who lost their homes to foreclosure.
The five banks—Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Wells Fargo and Ally Financial—will be free from further government claims against them, but not any future investor and homeowner lawsuits that might be brought.


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Answer: It's a Hollywood milestone.
Question: What's the meaning of the departure of "The Tonight Show" after today's taping?
OK, we're not funny like Carnac the Magnificent, but then few Southern Californians will find as much to laugh at in this end of an era as they did during the 42 years after Johnny Carson moved "The Tonight Show" from Manhattan to Burbank.
As the Jay Leno era ends and new host Jimmy Fallon prepares to start up the iconic late-night show again in New York, the change becomes a symbol of the loss of television and movie production that has hit this region's economy hard in recent years.
New York lured the show with the help of production tax credits that seemed to have been written specifically for that purpose. This is part of the New York economic incentives that dwarf what California offers to producers. New York is one of many states and countries that have been using financial incentives to take lucrative entertainment business away from its historic mecca in the Los Angeles area.
As an editorial here said last month, California must consider a raise in its $100 million annual cap on production incentives, new guidelines for how incentives are awarded, and stepped-up local efforts to keep TV and movies here.
Beyond the economic implications of "Tonight's" move, it may be a blow to the region's self-image.
Carson brought the show to the edge of the San Fernando Valley in 1972 because this is where the celebrity guests lived and worked. But in new era for communication and technology, no place rules the entertainment world as Hollywood used to.
There may be a bright side to the end of "The Tonight Show With Jay Leno" — in Burbank — and the start of "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" on Feb. 17 — in New York.
The silver lining is that this underscores the success of Southern California's greatest export.
The entertainment culture that America saw on "The Tonight Show" couch knows no borders now. Hollywood is now everywhere.
That couch can move across the country, but Ed McMahon's old opening words — "From Hollywood, 'The Tonight Show'" — will always ring true.


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Audio Control 4
Audio Control is an audio mixer, replacement for the standard Windows Volume Control.
Audio Control is an audio mixer, replacement for the standard Windows Volume Control. It displays the sound controls of each audio device in a very functional and aesthetic way. Audio Control is extremely ergonomic, functional and fully customizable. It helps by saving screen space, time, efforts and unnecessary repetitive operations making the computer sound system easier to manipulate and pleasant to use and thus increasing your efficiency. Audio Control features 7 view modes saving space on the screen and the task-bar, and making use of otherwise unused space. Audio Control also offers optimised access, improved precision, intuitive interface, idling features, and much more.
Audio Control is equipped with an extensive and friendly help system which is designed to be as useful as possible. Information is distributed by topics and sub-topics and is accessible by invoking the context help by pressing F1 or via context menu by selecting '???? Beneath the Click' menu item, or simply by navigating or searching in the help.


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Storify Aims to Become Portal for Content Discovery
Since its public launch in mid-2011, Storify's multimedia timelines — which let users tell stories using a combination of photos, tweets and other forms of content gathered across the web — have appeared on thousands of websites, from amateur blogs to the NYTimes.com. But Storify wants to be more than a tool for third-party users — it wants to be a discovery platform as well.
On Tuesday, Storify unveiled a website redesign to further that mission. Trending topics and a search bar now crown the top of the page, helping users discover stories about, say, the fiscal cliff and the conflict in Gaza. Users can search for completed timelines or for individual elements, including quotes, images, videos and links, to add to their own. The square grid format in the previous version has been replaced with scrolling tiles that pay homage to Pinterest's design.
Here's a look at the old homepage:
And the new:
Beyond the new format and search, Storify has also revamped profiles so that users can add profile images.
The new design offers some welcome improvements to both content creators and consumers, but I imagine some publishers will become concerned that content generated by their employees is being consumed on a platform they neither own nor are able to monetize.
Storify hasn't revealed its own monetization scheme, either; at the moment there are no ads on the site. "The stories can still as always be embedded on publishers' own sites, or pulled in from our API, to be placed wherever [publishers] want for monetization," Herman pointed out. "We're very early in all this and want to help publishers monetize in the future as we also develop our own monetization strategy."


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Bob Fosse's well-used personal working manuscript having front cover centered handwritten label reading "Pal Joey" and lower right side "Bob Fosse." This was used by Fosse durring the highly acclaimed 1963 musical theater revival. The original 1940 Pal Joey Broadway production was directed by George Abbott and starred Gene Kelly.
The Pal Joey 1952 revival was met with greater success than the original production. It opened on January 3, 1952 and closed on April 18, 1953, after 540 performances. Bob Fosse was the understudy for Joey Evans.
Then some ten years later in 1963 Pal Joey was produced off-Broadway for 15 performances at New York City Center and starred Bob Fosse as Joey Evans, Viveca Lindfors as Vera, and Kay Medford as Melba.
See Pal Joey manuscript detail label images Continue reading


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Classical Electrodynamics is one of the most beautiful things in the world. Four simple vector equations (or one tensor equation and an asssociated dual) describe the unified electromagnetic field and more or less directly imply the theory of relativity. The discovery and proof that light is an electromagnetic wave and unifies two fields stands to this day as one of the greatest moments in the history of science.
These four equations even contain within them the seeds of their own destruction as a classical theory. Once Maxwell's equations were known in their entirety, it rapidly became clear that their predictions - however beautifully verified they were for freely propagating fields and the connection of those fields with macroscopic charge/current distributions - were inconsistent with virtually all observations at the atomic or nuclear level. This forced the classicists of the day, many of them metaphorically kicking or screaming, to invent quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics to explain physics at this scale.
Indeed, once the single fact that an accelerated charged particle necessarily radiates electromagnetic energy was known, it became virtually impossible to conceptually explain the persistence of structure at the microscopic level (since the forces associated with binding objects together out of discrete charged parts inevitably produce an oscillation of charge due to small perturbations of position, with an associated acceleration). The few hypotheses that were advanced to account for it ``without'' an overtly oscillatory model were rapidly and decisively shot down by (now famous) experiments by Rutherford, Millikan, and others.
Even though the Universe proves to be quantum mechanical at the microscopic level, classical electrodynamics is nevertheless extremely relevant and useful in the real world today at the macroscopic level. It describes extremely precisely nearly all the mundane aspects of ordinary electrical engineering and electromagnetic radiation from the static limit through optical frequencies. Even at the molecular level or photonic level where it breaks down and a quantum theory must be used it is first necessary to understand the classical theory before exploring the quantum theory, as the quantum theory is built on top of the entire relativistic electrodynamic conceptual framework already established.
This set of lecture notes is designed to be used to teach graduate students (and possibly advanced and motivated undergraduates) classical electrodynamics. In particular, it supports the second (more difficult) semester of a two semester course in electrodynamics that covers pretty much ``all'' of the theory itself (omitting, of course, many topics or specific areas where it can be applied) out to the points where the theory itself breaks down as noted above. At that point, to make further progress a student needs to learn about more fields, quantum (field) theory, advanced (general) relativity - topics generally beyond the scope of these notes.
The requirements for this course include a thorough understanding of electricity and magnetism at the level of at least one, ideally two, undergraduate courses. At Duke, for example, physics majors are first exposed first to an introductory course that covers the integral formulation of Maxwell's equations and light that uses no multivariate differential calculus, then a second course that develops the vector differential formulation of Maxwell's equations and their consequences) as does this course) but with considerably less mathematical rigor and completeness of the treatment as students taking it have likely still not had a course in e.g. contour integration. Students using these notes will find it useful to be at least somewhat comfortable with vector differential and integral calculus, to have had exposure to the theory and solution methodology of ordinary and partial differential equations, to be familiar with the mathematics of complex variables and analytic functions, contour integration, and it would be simply lovely if they at least knew what a ``tensor'' was.
However, even more so than is the case for most physics texts, this book will endeavor to provide internal support for students that are weak in one or more of these required mathematical skills. This support will come in one of several forms. At the very least, considerable effort has been made to hunt down on behalf of the student and explicitly recommend useful textbooks and online resources on various mathematical and physical topics that may be of use to them. Many of these resources are freely available on the web. Some mathematical methods are completely developed in the context of the discussion, either because it makes sense to do so or because there simply are no references a student is likely to be able to find. Finally, selected topics will be covered in e.g. appendices or as insertions in the text where they are short enough to be coverable in this way and important enough that students are likely to be highly confused without this sort of support.
A very brief review of the electrodynamics topics covered includes: Maxwell's equations themselves (skipping the usual coverage of electrostatics and magnetostatics that often makes up the first semester of a two-semester course), then plane waves, dispersion, penetration of waves at a boundary (skin depth), wave guides and cavities and the various (TE, TM, TEM) modes associated with them, and radiation in the more general case beginning with sources.
In the course of studying radiation from sources we develop multipolar radiation in detail. This text includes a fairly thorough exposition of the underlying PDEs, the properties of the Green's functions used to generate multipoles both approximate and exact, and formally precise solutions that extend inside the source charge-current density (as indeed they must for this formalism to be of use in e.g. self-consistent field theories treating extended charge density distributions). In addition to the vector spherical harmonics, it defines and derives the properties of the Hansen multipoles (which are otherwise very nearly a lost art) demonstrating their practical utility with example problems involving antennae. It concludes this part of the exposition with a short description of optical scattering as waves interact with ``media'', e.g. small spheres intended to model atoms or molecules.
The text then procedes to develop relativity theory, first reviewing the elementary theory presumably already familiar to students, then developing the full Lorentz Group. As students tend to not be familiar with tensors, the notes contain a special appendix on tensors and tensor notation as a supplement. It also contains a bit of supplemental support on at least those aspects of contour integration relevant to the course for similar reasons. With relativity in hand, relativistic electrodynamics is developed, including the properties of radiation emitted from a point charge as it is accelerated.
Finally, the text concludes with a nice overview of radiation reaction (exploring the work of Lorentz, Dirac, and Wheeler and Feynman) and the puzzles therein - self-interaction versus action at a distance, the need for a classical renormalization in a theory based on self-interaction. This makes the text just a bit too long to present in a single semester (at least to my own experience); instructors that begin with Maxwell's equations in detail (including the treatment of monopoles) may not have time to get to radiation reaction, but instructors who begin with plane waves or waveguides likely will.
One note-worthy feature of this text in its online form (sorry, but I do like puns and you'll just have to get used to them:-) is that the electronic/online version of them includes several inventions of my own such as a wikinotewikipediaA wikinote is basically a footnote that directs a student to a useful article in the Wikipedia. There is some (frankly silly) controversy on just how accurate and useful the Wikipedia is for scholarly work, but for teaching or learning science and mathematics on your own it is rapidly becoming indispensible as some excellent articles are constantly being added and improved that cover, basically, all of electrodynamics and the requisite supporting mathematics. Personally, I think the objections to it are largely economic - in a few more years this superb free resource will essentially destroy the lucrative textbook market altogether, which honestly is probably a good thing. At the very least, a textbook will have to add significant value to survive, and maybe will be a bit less expensive than the $100-a-book current standard., a reference to supporting wikipedia articles that appears as a URL and footnote in the text copy but which is an active link in a PDF or HTML (online) copy. Similarly, there are google links and ordinary web links presented in the same way.
This text a set of real lecture notes and is therefore likely to change as they are used, semester by semester. In some cases the changes are quite important, for example when a kind reader gently points out a bone-headed mistake I made that makes some aspect of the physics or presentation quite incorrect. In others they are smaller improvements: a new link, a slightly improved discussion, fixing clumsy language, a new figure (or putting in one of the missing old ones), more or better problems.
For all of these reasons, students who are using this textbook may wish to have both a bound paper copy (homemade or purchased for a fairly nominal sum through Lulu or Amazon) - that will inevitably contain omissions and mistakes or material I don't actually cover in this year's class - and the current electronic copy. I generally maintain the current snapshot of the electronic copy that I'm actually using to teach from where it is available, for free to all comers, on my personal/class website at:
http://www.phy.duke.edu/ rgb/Class/Electrodynamics.phphttp://www.phy.duke.edu/ rgb/Class/Electrodynamics.php
(which cleverly and self-consistently demonstrates an active link in action, as did the wikilink above). In this way a student or instructor can have the convenience of a slightly-out-of-date paper copy to browse or study or follow and mark up during lecture as well as an electronic copy that is up to date and which contains useful active links.
Let it be noted that I'm as greedy and needy as the next human, and can always use extra money. As I've worked quite hard on this text (and from observation they go quite beyond what e.g. most of my colleagues in the physics world make available as online notes for their own courses) and I have done the work required to transform them into an actual bound book that students can elect to purchase all at once instead of downloading the free PDF, printing it out as two-sided pages, punching it, and inserting it into a three ring binder that anonymously joins the rest of their notes and ultimately is thrown away or lost.
This printed book is remarkably inexpensive by the standards of modern textbooks (where e.g Wyld, which I once purchased now at $16 a copy, is not available new for $70 a copy). At the same site, students can find the actual PDF from which the book is generated available for a very low cost and are at liberty to purchase and keep that on their personal laptops or PDF-capable e-book readers, or for that matter to have it printed and bound by a local printer. In both cases I make a small royalty (on the order of $5) from their sale, which is both fair and helps support me so that I can write more texts such as this.
However, students around the world have very different means. Purchasing a $7.50 download in the United States means (for most students) that a student has to give up a few Latte Enormes from Starbucks. Purchasing that same download could be a real hardship for students from many countries around the world including some from the United States. For this reason students will always have the option of using the online notes directly from the class website for free or printing their own copy on paper at cost. All that I ask of students who elect to use them for free is that they ``pay it forward'' - that one day they help others who are less fortunate in some way for free so that we can all keep the world moving along in a positive direction.
The one restriction I have, and I think it is entirely fair, is that instructors who elect to use these notes to help support the teaching of their own classes (either building them with or without modifications from the sources or using any of the free prebuilt images) may not resell these notes to their own students for a profit or otherwise without my explicit permission, nor may they alter this preface, the authorship or copyright notice (basically all the front-matter) or the license. Instructors are free to add to or edit the content to support their own class, however, and the notes should easily build on any e.g. linux system.
Anyway, good luck and remember that I do cherish feedback of all sorts, corrections, additions (especially in ready-to-build latex with EPS figures:-), suggestions, criticisms, and or course money. You can always send me money...


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Photo Journey with My DSLR
Ever since I got my DSLR over a year ago, I've been enjoying taking photos. Occasionally, not always.
Well, if you're wondering what camera it is – I own a Canon EOS 1000D.
To be honest, after experiencing photo-shooting with the DSLR, I realize that the quality of the photos is so much better compared to a compact camera.
Since the EOS 1000D is one of the cheapest by Canon, I believe many perceive that it wouldn't take photos as good as the other better, more expensive DSLRs.
However, it doesn't disappoint me at all. In fact, I always believe that photographers are the ones that make photos, not cameras.
Even though I had my fair share of bad photos, it's capable of capturing amazing moments as well. There's always 2 sides to everything right?
The first photography adventure I experienced was during my first trip to Europe, and many more when I'm in Malaysia too.
With so many interesting views and scenery around, my camera is always right beside me.
And because of the piling collection of photos, I've always have the urge to start a photo blog and share some nice photos with everyone.
And it has finally come true!
Therefore, I would like to take this opportunity to official announce that I have a new photo blog!
I'll be adding photos from time to time. Take note that the photos are not edited and enhanced – only watermark is added.
Alright, feel free to check it out ya. Stay tuned!


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General Introduction
The sacraments celebrated in the Catholic community are a treasure of the Catholic faith.
These guidelines are designed to help the parish community celebrate sacraments fully
and with the proper understanding while providing guidance to those responsible for
sacrament preparation.
Whenever there are children in multi-parish programs (school or religious education), the
role of the home parish for the celebration of the sacraments must be respected. It is the
parents' responsibility to check with their local pastor regarding their parish policies for
the preparation and celebration of the sacraments.
These guidelines present the community's story and theology for each of the following
sacraments: Infant Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, and Reconciliation. Ideas are
offered for sacrament preparation and sacramental celebration. Each section contains a
theological reflection, answers to frequently asked questions, and further resources.
Sacraments are described not so much as something we "receive." Rather, they are
presented as a way to express God's loving and compassionate presence in the life of
each person. Sacraments are "celebrated" when candidates are able to freely respond to
the action of God in their lives.
In the case of infant baptism, parents, with the support of the faith community, freely
choose to place their child in the loving arms of God and promise to raise their child in a
manner that will support the promise made. The celebration of sacraments enables the
community to be touched by God in a way that sustains and nurtures it throughout life.


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August 2011
New futuristic 'sick bay' unveiled by University of Leicester
Star Trek's Dr 'Bones' McCoy would feel right at home working with a new high-tech medical bed developed by a cross-disciplinary team from the University and the University Hospitals of Leicester.
Heart sculpture 'stranded' at Highcross shopping centre
The next time you go shopping, look out for the new sculpture installed in the Highcross – and why not contribute to our Cardiovascular Research Centre appeal at the same time?
Lights out: Leicester astronomers detect star falling into a black hole
For the first time, a massive black hole has been caught in the act of swallowing up a star.
What's on this week at the University of Leicester
Events from Monday 29 August to Friday 2 September 2011. (It's a quiet week...)
Find out how algebra has changed the world on 6 September
Top mathematician present public lecture as part of major European maths conference.
Open evenings for lifelong learning
Find out more about part-time courses on 7 and 14 September.
Top magician at reunion for Beaumont Hall residents
Were you a student at Beaumont Hall? Sign up now for a weekend of fun and nostalgia.
September is conference season at the University of Leicester
Our departments are hosting eleven events in four weeks.
Initial success for health education project
GENIE*, the CETL** in our Department of Genetics, has posted a report and photos from a recent event based around the HERO*** project.
Leicester triumphs in National Student Survey
The results of a national survey of student satisfaction with their universities has placed Leicester top after Oxbridge out of 120 mainstream public universities.
Hypertension honour for Radek
The international Society of Hypertension has picked a Leicester student as its first 'New Investigator of the Month'.
What's on this week at the University of Leicester
Events from Monday 22 August to Sunday 28 August 2011.
Leicester scientists demonstrate air quality monitoring capability to CNN
News network stops off in Leicester on the 'Road to Durban'.
Geology field trips... to the sculpture exhibition
Watch art meet science on a guided tour with a difference.
50 (more) years in space: September event looks forward
As part of the continuing celebration of 50 years of space research at the University of Leicester, our Space Research Centre is convening a symposium to consider the next half century.
Nut allergy seen as a 'fad', say Leicester scientists
Potentially life-threatening and a constant risk – but are we taking nut allergies seriously enough?
Leicester political economists write for the Guardian
Academics talk on political action and zombies
Leicester graduates in the news: Muhammed Lameen Abdul-Malik
Atomic energy expert who shared a Nobel Peace Prize and now bakes a mean cheesecake.
What's on this week at the University of Leicester
Events from Monday 15 August to Sunday 21 August 2011.
Leicester graduates in the news: Lucy Averill
Despite graduating with a degree in Maths and Astronomy at the University of Leicester, Lucy Averill found her calling in something quite different.


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It is my goal when undertaking any work to contemplate every decision. I strive to offer clear communication by preserving the integrity of material and dedication to craft. The subject of my work is drawn from personal experience and interests that tend to celebrate community, has a historical context, and is handled with subtle humor. My work also has a distinct southern quality that is either unintentional or unavoidable, but surely originates from my fathers well-worn advice to never forget who you are or where you come from.
Joe McCreary


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fabric flower tutorial
Fabric Flower Tutorial No. 1
Flower Tutorial No. 2
62 comments:
I love these fun, frilly flowers!!!ReplyDelete
Love, love, love this! Thanks so much for the tutorial!!!! I always want "those shirts" when i see them but can't pay that much. This is the perfect alternative!ReplyDelete
thanks for sharing jen - i've been saving and searching for fabric to make some, and handy that i can just use your tutorial now instead of searching online later!ReplyDelete
love the yellow ones!
Awesome tutorial. Totally making some this week to send to my family out of the country.ReplyDelete
totally amazing, they look great! :)ReplyDelete
You KNOW I love these...will you be making more to sell? Please???ReplyDelete
yay! thanks for the tutorial. I just found some white tee shirts i bought a while ago and havent worn (cos when I fine a style of white tee I like I will buy 5 of them) Now I know what to do with them!ReplyDelete
buddy! these are so cool! i'm def making some!!!ReplyDelete
fun!! Love these, and I LOVE that white tank top one (ahem) and you could totally sell these at a craft show!!ReplyDelete
these are beautiful! Thanks for sharing the tutorial. Can't wait to try making some!ReplyDelete
total cuteness!ReplyDelete
Very cute. Thanks so much!ReplyDelete
cute cute! and thanks for the tutorial - very clear steps.ReplyDelete
AWESOME! I will be making some soon! :)ReplyDelete
Oh, lovely! I love them all - but the way the blue ones pop off of the green is just gorgeous. :) Rad!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMarch 22, 2010 3:10 PM
Love the shirts! I got several this year with flowers on them, because they are seriously on EVERYTHING IN SIGHT!! I love your tutorial, I don't watch video tuts, but I think photos are so much easier for some people! So way to go!ReplyDelete
Great Tutorial! I will have to try some of these for cardmaking! I will be sharing your tutorial.ReplyDelete
- ChristinaMarch 24, 2010 8:33 AM
I'm not into the flowers on a shirt trend, but I could see making a really pretty garland out of these to dress up my window for Spring. Thanks for posting such a detailed, well-photographed tutorial.ReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
Thank you SO much for this beautiful tutorial! This is my favorite idea of the year so far- one I'll actually DO! You Rock, Jen! :)ReplyDelete
Hey Hey Jen!ReplyDelete
Great photos and explanation. Inspired to bring some life back to my t's!
Lovely! I just started a tumblr account called She Is Sew Creative to share all of the lovely, crafty ideas that inspire me. The link for this just went up there. Thank you so much. Love your blog!ReplyDelete
Thank you so much for sharing this! I can't wait to try some on my own!ReplyDelete
Very well done tutorial and good photographs.ReplyDelete
Thanks for sharing-- this is EXACTLY what I was looking for to make some birthday presents for my two younger sisters. I even bought the shirts beforehand, so confident that I would figure it out. Thanks for taking the guesswork out of it. Super cute!ReplyDelete
These are so cute! I especially love the blue ones!ReplyDelete
buena la explicación!ReplyDelete
desde Chile
I think this tutorial is so great. I'll used it in my newest creations. Please visit my blog.ReplyDelete
A hug!
I just shared this on my blog and linked it back to you. So cute!ReplyDelete
I'm going to put these on a bunch of clutches for a wedding. THANK YOU!ReplyDelete
Thanks so much for this tutorial! I tried a fabric flower, and here's how it turned out: http://designfixation.blogspot.com/2010/06/diy-hair-embellishment.htmlReplyDelete
- AnonymousJune 20, 2010 12:45 PM
I discovered this tutorial through a link via an old Creature Comforts post. What fun! (I post after trying.) Also, this was the post that got me to finally make these flowers - not the Martha Stewart version, so cheers! Your blog is really lovely, too, and I have subscribed. Wishing you all the very best, GretaReplyDelete
Wanted you to know I posted a link on my blog to this tutorial.
Nancy Ward
- AnonymousJuly 02, 2010 10:03 PM
how well do these hold up in the washer?ReplyDelete
- Donaville
I can't tell you how much I adore this! Thank you for the fabulous tutorial!! I featured this tutorial today on my blog with a roundup of flower tutorials. Here is the link:ReplyDelete
Thank you so much for inspiring me. Have a wonderful day!
- AnonymousAugust 05, 2010 2:26 PM
Thank you for this awesome tutorial!ReplyDelete
Are you the one on ravelry who bought my excess twinkle yarn??
Here is the first of many things that I made with your wonderful tutorial!ReplyDelete
Here is a post I did on the other kind of flower. Thanks so much for kick starting a new passion!!ReplyDelete
So excited to make flowers like this. THANKS !!ReplyDelete
Love your flowers! Here's a collection I found helpful as well. Hope you enjoy!ReplyDelete
8 Easy Fabric Flower Patterns
Hi I'm brazilian and I'm looking for ideas. I like flowers a lot. Great idea. KissesReplyDelete
Hi there,ReplyDelete
It's just the perfect time finding your blog(accidentally)... I've been struggling to make some cute accessories yet effortless for my daughter...
Love the idea and you specifically explain every steps.. If you have more ideas, post it!
I heart your ideas~
great idea.. i just going to make up some flowers to put on top of a wrapped gift.. cant wait..ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 24, 2011 11:34 AM
this is one of the amazing post i like this a ,lot.ReplyDelete
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Every flower is a soul blossoming in nature .Earth is a flower and it's pollinating penciaReplyDelete
woow i love it. thanks... :)ReplyDelete
- AnonymousAugust 15, 2012 1:27 PM
Hey Jen,ReplyDelete
Great flowers, thx for the tutorial.
LOOOOOOVE your red embroidered top!
Please, oh please tell me where you got it! Nice combos.
- Donna DrummondSeptember 21, 2012 5:04 PM
Just found your flowers today. I am going to put them on everything. They are so beautiful. This is September of 2012. I am so happy they were still on here.ReplyDelete
In tutorial II - when you them all up to sew the 5-8 little ruffles into a flower, do you have them so they are all folded in the same direction or alternating directions? Wasn't sure & couldn't tell from the pics! Thanks!! SO cute!ReplyDelete
Joanna – I had them facing the same way, but it works just as well if they're not facing the same way. You really can't go wrong! Thanks! :)ReplyDelete
Hi nice Post written by you guys. It is amazing and wonderful to visit your site. Thank a ton for such a nice post.ReplyDelete
Great post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed browsing your blog posts.ReplyDelete
I love what you did with your shirt and have featured it in my post as one of ten ways to redesign t-shirts: http://thedomesticatedprincess.blogspot.com/2012/11/from-t-shirt-to-treasure-part-2.html.ReplyDelete
I am so glad you are back. I have missed looking at the awesome tbuy work that you Gym fitness accessories
These are so cute! thanks - http://www.davetiyeburada.comReplyDelete
Thank you for sharing this work with me but I am the best of the world. Thank you very much for sharing it but I am the best of the world mate.. A powerful site and also a good blog with nice articles as they are very much related to every other particular subject matterReplyDelete
Thanks for a nice share you have given to us with such an large collection of information. Great work you have done by sharing them to all. simply superb. Indian pickles
oh wow this is just brilliant the detail is just fantastic hugs AvacareReplyDelete
- AnonymousSeptember 28, 2013 1:42 PM
Yay!! flower power can I just hot glue safety pins on?ReplyDelete
their creative work. Health into the hands of the designer.ReplyDelete
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Players of one fantasy role-playing game Priston Tale1 have suffered a nasty attack of reality after virus writers created a worm programmed to steal their usernames, passwords and data.
The worm - dubbed PrsKey-A - waits for users to enter either Priston Tale or the Yahoo! email system before capturing keystrokes and sending data back to hackers. It is programmed to spread via network shares but other propagation mechanisms, such as tricking fans into downloading the malware, may also be in play.
PrsKey-A hasn't spread much so far so the attack is noteworthy for what it tells us about the motives of virus writers rather than the threat it poses to the average Windows user, which is a lot less than the recent spate of Plug and Play worms, for example. That said, attacks by hackers against Priston Tale users have caused enough problems for administrators running to game to temporarily suspend trading in user accounts. Antivirus experts reckon that the malware is been used to rake in money rather than rack up high scores.
"More malware is being written that not only causes disruption, but also steals registration keys, passwords and data from players of computer games," said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant for Sophos. "In many cases the virtual weapons, cash and armour needed for such games are then sold in the real world, where there's a growing demand from online gaming fanatics. If gamers buy these virtual goods online they should be careful not to purchase them from internet criminals."
The creation of malware to steal from online games is becoming a growing trend. Other popular multi-player online games whose players have been targeted by viruses and Trojan horses in the past include Lineage, Outwar and Legend of Mir 2. Last month a group of people were arrested in South Korea over allegations that they spread password stealing programs in order to steal the resources of online gamers. ®
1 Priston Tale is a 3D fantasy multi-player game which involves fighting monsters and is played online. The game has millions of subscribers across the globe, many of them based in South Korea, where the game originated. Other fans are based in Japan, China, Taiwan, Thailand and various English-speaking countries.


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April is over. Done. Dusted. We're a third of the way through 2007 and what have we learned? If you're a Championship team-following sort – hello – then a whole lot of not much. I am royally bricking it over this Sunday's final fixtures.
Could be worse though, eh José? Could have been the better team and lost on penalites... these rules, you just don't understand them...
During the last month some might fine records – albums, or CDs, if you will – have been released. As is sort of regular, here we collect together our pick of the bunch. 'Our', 'we', 'I'… someone is getting their tenses confused… but anyway: here are April's finest releases, as assessed by the ears of the ever-reliable DiS review team.
I just wish the fortunes of my favoured football team were as consistent as the writers of the below words. Truly, this has been a tumultuous campaign… 'til next month…
No Shouts, No Calls
(Beggars Banquet)
Says reviewer Richard MacFarlane: "Electrelane have their own special sort of take on build-ups and progressions. Along with an intricate style of drumming, No Shouts, No Calls is driven mainly by organ drones; that said, there are all sorts of other different sounds employed throughout. It is a record that is subtly surprising. It's a little bit adventurous, capable of surprising sidesteps, but remains safely at home in Electrelane's own engagingly individual aesthetic."
Read the full review here
Arctic Monkeys
Favourite Worst Nightmare
Says reviewer Sam Strang: "If there is one thing Arctic Monkeys have mastered over the last year it is understanding the importance of retaining a certain level of mystique – an aspect thoroughly reflected in Favourite Worst Nightmare. Though Alex Turner continues to be crudely hailed as akin to Alan Bennett, the blunt narratives that garnered his band their initial acclaim have been softened in favour of more lyrical ambiguity."
Read the full review here
The Reminder
Says reviewer Shain Shapiro: "The Reminder should elevate Feist above the success she garnered on both Let It Die and Open Season because it appeals to both the mainstream and the anti-mainstream. Regardless how cynical one gets to popular music, everyone can enjoy this; like diving into a good cup of coffee at a Parisian café haunted by Goethe and Baudelaire. Hey, one can dream. Feist certainly has."
Read the full review here
Blonde Redhead
Says reviewer Mike Diver: "It seems strange that a band so full of sound would lift their moniker from a no-wave group from a couple of decades ago, but in Blonde Redhead's case the contradictory has always made a perverse sense. In some ways their firmly independent approach to each and every album – not one to date has really sounded like echoes of influences past – is the absolute epitome of punk, but to place 23 beside the likes of BoySetsFire and The Bronx in high-street racks is only likely to compound the confusion further."
Read the full review here
Nine Inch Nails
Year Zero
Says reviewer Chris Nettleton: "The first time you listen to Year Zero it's doubtful you'll be thinking much about Trent Reznor's book of Nine Inch Revelations, the Year Zero Project. The more likely first impression (especially if played at volume) is that Nine Inch Nails have made a great big, fucked-up, dirty dance record; it's the sort of thing The Sneaker Pimps might have made if they'd had children with Slipknot."
Read the full review here
Modest Mouse
We Were Dead Before The Ship Even Sank
Says reviewer Alex Denney: "A radio-friendly sheen is apparent in 'Florida''s strident chorus and 'Missed The Boat''s bittersweet lament, the latter buoyed by a swoonsome backing vocal courtesy of the evergreen James Mercer. 'Parting Of The Sensory' is the album's centrepiece and Isaac Brock's expletive-ridden attempt at nailing his thematic colours to the mast, as it were, spitting existential lines like "this fits like clothes made out of wasps!" and "someday you will die and something's gonna steal your carbon" over a raging sea monster of a jig. Nice…"
Read the full review here
Says reviewer Alex Denney: "A composer-ly sense of control permeates throughout, underlined by the appositeness of that title – it's surely no coincidence that 'sensuous' nails the tone of the album more succinctly than this reviewer could ever hope to articulate. Suppressed funk guitars keep time before billowing into nebulous clouds of reverb, broken-English syllables ping-pong across your speakers and bleed sumptuously into electronic washes of sound."
Read the full review here
Porcupine Tree
Fear Of A Blank Planet
Says reviewer Raziq Rauf: "Fear Of A Blank Planet is a lonely and ambiguous tale fearing for the future, spoken softly against a complex arrangement of symphonic swirling guitars and absolutely watertight drumming. The result is an often crushingly heavy masterpiece that has true meaning with or without the music. It's a rare thing these days but Porcupine Tree seem able to do it time and again. This album is no exception."
Read the full review here
Drums & Guns
(Sub Pop)
Says reviewer Jordan Dowling: "Drums & Guns is likely to split opinion to a greater extent than any other piece of Low's extensive catalogue, but avid fans should not be put off as behind the challenging production and at the centre of all their controlled experimentation lies one of the band's strongest releases to date. Here's to their next decade and some."
Read the full review here
Under Giant Trees
Says reviewer Mike Diver: "This is magical, all scintillating interstellar sparkles and the bubbling up of glorious geysers of sound; it's a recording to ice the heart and keep it still for a full half-hour, those experiencing it for the first time likely to set personal bests for breath-holding. It creaks with aged weariness and blossoms brilliantly; it is alien yet welcoming, otherworldly yet on your doorstep wearing a bright smile. It's music to witness the dawning of new ages and the end of days as we know them, music to lose all perspective on and to fall into like a first love."
Read the full review here
The Pony Collaboration
(Series 8 Records)
Says reviewer Dom Gourlay: "The musicianship is a joy to behold - despite the plethora of styles and instrumentation throughout the record, at no point do The Pony Collaboration feel the need to bludgeon the listener's ears to death in a halo of noise, which is simply down to the fact that there is nothing really negative to hide about this record."
Read the full review here


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A right shoulder injury forced Hacran Dias (21-1-1 MMA, 1-0 UFC) to withdraw from UFC on FX 6, but he hasn't let go of the idea of fighting Chad Mendes (13-1 MMA, 4-1 UFC).
The Brazilian featherweight said he's at 90 percent of his abilities and anticipates a return in May or June.
"I still have a little bit of pain, but I'm improving day by day," Diaz told MMAjunkie.com Radio (www.mmajunkie.com/radio).
Of course, he'll have to convince Mendes to make a quick turnaround. The American is set to meet Manny Gamburyan at UFC 157, which takes place Feb. 23 in Anaheim, Calif.
Dias was replaced at UFC on FX 6 by newcomer Yaotzin Meza, who was knocked out by Mendes in the first round of the preliminary-card bout, which served on the preliminary-card of the Dec. 14 event in Gold Coast, Australia.
Dias said he strained a shoulder ligament in his final training session for the fight and was forced to rest for a month before undergoing physical therapy. He managed to avoid surgery, however.
The 28-year-old fighter, who found MMA through his cousin, Bellator fighter Marlon Sandro, made his octagon debut this past June at UFC 147, where he outpointed fellow Brazilian Yuri Alcantara. The decision extended his current win streak to nine straight fights.
Since losing a bid for Jose Aldo's featherweight title, Mendes rebounded with a KO of Cody McKenzie and Meza.
For more on the UFC's upcoming schedule, check out the UFC Rumors section of the site.
MMAjunkie.com Radio broadcasts Monday-Friday at noon ET (9 a.m. PT) live from Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino's Race & Sports Book. The show is hosted by "Gorgeous" George Garcia, MMAjunkie.com lead staff reporter John Morgan and producer Brian "Goze" Garcia. For more information or to download past episodes, go to www.mmajunkie.com/radio.


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This map was printed in July 1980, just one year after the Tiananmen Square protests, when students, intellectuals, and labor activists stood up against the might of the Communist government of China. It accompanied the "Peoples of China" map and the article "Shanghai: Born-again Giant."
Coverage Area: China, Mongolia, southern Soviet Union, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Laos, Vietnam, Bangladesh, northeastern India


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Henry Williams, Ph.D.
Florida A&M University
Henry N. Williams, Director and professor at the Environmental Sciences Institute (ESI) at FAMU began his career at the University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB) Dental School as a laboratory scientist in 1967. While working, he attended graduate school at the campus and earned the Masters (1972) and Doctorate (1979) degrees. He went to Washington as the American Society for Microbiology Congressional Science Fellow in 1980, returned to the Dental School as an Assistant Professor of Microbiology in 1981 and subsequently advanced through the ranks to Professor. In 1998, he co-chaired the ASM Minority Task Force which submitted in 1998 a comprehensive report on the status of minority microbiologists within the Society. Williams has served on grant review panels at the NSF and the National Institutes of Health and as a reviewer for several journals. Williams' research group is an international leader in studies on the predatory group of bacteria, the ''Bdellovibrionaceae'', and the microbiological quality of dental unit water. His group has published over 100 papers and abstracts collectively in scientific journals and meeting abstracts. He is the author of a book chapter entitled "Ecology of the Predatory ''Bdellovibrio'' and Like Organisms" in ''Microbiology Monographs: Predatory Prokaryotes - Biology, Ecology and Evolution'', published in November of 2006.