text:
Cooper Union
Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 668: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
The Cooper Union's Foundation Building, at Cooper Square and Astor Place
|$668.4 million (2013)[1]
|Richard Lincer
|William Mea (acting)[2]
|Richard Stock (acting), Saskia Bos, Elizabeth O'Donnell (acting)
Academic staff
|56 (full time)
|Manhattan, New York City, NY
|Maroon and Gold
The Cooper Union
|Cooper Square
Manhattan, New York City
|F.A. Peterson
|NRHP Reference #
|Significant dates
|Added to NRHP
|October 15, 1966[3]
|Designated NHL
|July 4, 1961[4]
|Designated NYCL
|March 15, 1966
The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, commonly known as Cooper Union or The Cooper Union[5] and informally referred to, especially during the 19th century, as "the Cooper Institute",[6] is a privately funded college located in Cooper Square in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Inspired in 1830 when Peter Cooper learned about the government-supported École Polytechnique in France, Cooper Union was established in 1859.[7][8] The school was built on a radical new model of American higher education based on founder Peter Cooper's fundamental belief that an education "equal to the best technology schools [then] established"[9] should be accessible to those who qualify, independent of their race, religion, sex, wealth or social status, and should be "open and free to all".[10] The Cooper Union originally granted each admitted student a full-tuition scholarship; that policy has been eliminated beginning with the class entering in the Fall of 2014,[11] although every incoming student receives at the very least a half-tuition merit scholarship.
The college is divided into three schools: the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture, the School of Art, and the Albert Nerken School of Engineering. It offers undergraduate and master's degree programs exclusively in the fields of architecture, fine arts, and engineering. It is a member of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) and the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD). Cooper Union is ranked at #2 in the Regional Colleges (North) category by U.S. News & World Report[12] Dr. Jamshed Bharucha has succeeded George Campbell Jr. as the college's twelfth president.
Cooper Union was one of very few American institutions of higher learning to offer a full-tuition scholarship – valued at approximately $150,000 as of 2012 – to every admitted student. Cooper Union has historically been one of the most selective colleges in the United States, with an acceptance rate typically below 10%. Both the art and architecture schools have acceptance rates below 5%.[13] Cooper Union received 2,536 applications for the 2014–2015 academic year and its acceptance rate was 15%.[14] As a result of its record low acceptance ratio for the fall-2010 incoming class, Cooper Union was named by Newsweek as the "#1 Most Desirable Small School"[15] and "#7 Most Desirable School"[16] overall.
- 1 History
- 2 Financial support
- 3 Academics
- 3.1 The Albert Nerken School of Engineering
- 3.2 The School of Art
- 3.3 Facilities
- 3.4 Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture
- 3.5 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
- 4 Athletics
- 5 Notable alumni
- 6 In popular culture
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Founding and early history
The Cooper Union was founded in 1859[17] by American industrialist Peter Cooper, who was a prolific inventor, successful entrepreneur, and one of America's richest businessmen at the time. Cooper was a workingman's son who had less than a year of formal schooling, yet went on to become an industrialist and inventor. Cooper designed and built America's first steam railroad engine, and made a fortune with a glue factory and iron foundry. After achieving wealth, he turned his entrepreneurial skills to successful ventures in real estate, insurance and railroads. He was a principal investor and first president of the New York, Newfoundland & London Telegraph Co., which laid the first transatlantic telegraph cable, and once ran for President under the Greenback Party, becoming the oldest person ever nominated for the presidential election.
Cooper's dream was to give talented young people the one privilege he lacked: a good education from an institution which was "open and free to all."[18] He also wished to make possible the development of talent that otherwise would have gone undiscovered.
To achieve these goals, Cooper designated the majority of his wealth, primarily in the form of real estate holdings, to the creation and funding of The Cooper Union, a tuition-free school with courses made freely available to any applicant, although at the institution's beginning, according to the New York Times in 1863, "Those only are supposed to pay anything who are abundantly able, or prefer to do so."[19] Discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, or sex was expressly prohibited.
Originally intended to be named simply "the Union," the Cooper Union began with adult education in night classes on the subjects of applied sciences and architectural drawing, as well as day classes primarily intended for women on the subjects of photography, telegraphy, typewriting and shorthand in what was called the college's Female School of Design. The early institution also consisted of a free reading room open day and night, and a new four-year nighttime engineering college for men and a few women.[20][21] A daytime engineering college was added in 1902 thanks to funds contributed by Andrew Carnegie[20] Initial board members included Daniel F. Tiemann,[22] John E. Parsons,[22] Horace Greeley and William Cullen Bryant, and those who availed themselves of the institute's courses in its early days included Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Thomas Alva Edison[23] and William Francis Deegan.
The Cooper Union's free classes – a landmark in American history and the prototype for what is now called continuing education – have evolved into three schools: the School of Art, the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture and the Albert Nerken School of Engineering. Peter Cooper's dream of providing an education "equal to the best" has since become reality. Since 1859, the Cooper Union has educated thousands of artists, architects and engineers, many of them leaders in their fields.[24]
After 1864 there were a few attempts to merge Cooper Union and Columbia University, but these were never realized.[25]
The Cooper–Hewitt, National Design Museum, was founded in 1897 as part of Cooper Union by Sarah, Eleanor, and Amy Hewitt, granddaughters of Peter Cooper.
Structure-building era
The Foundation Building
Cooper Union's Foundation Building is an Italianate brownstone building designed by architect Fred A. Petersen, one of the founders of the American Institute of Architects. It was the first structure in New York City to feature rolled-iron I-beams for structural support; Peter Cooper himself invented and produced these beams.[26] Petersen patented a fire resistant hollow brick tile he used in the building's construction.[27][28] The building was the first in the world to be built with an elevator shaft, because Cooper, in 1853, was confident an elevator would soon be invented.[29] The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961,[4][30][31] and a New York City Landmark in 1965.[32]
The Foundation Building's Great Hall
On February 27, 1860, the school's Great Hall, located in the basement level of the Foundation Building, became the site of an historic address by Abraham Lincoln.[33] Abraham Lincoln's dramatic speech opposed Stephen A. Douglas on the question of federal power to regulate and limit the spread of slavery to the federal territories and new States.[34] Widely reported in the press and reprinted throughout the North in pamphlet form, the speech galvanized support for Lincoln and contributed to his gaining the Party's nomination for the Presidency. It is now referred to as the Cooper Union Address.[35]
Since then, the Great Hall has served as a platform for historic addresses by American Presidents Grant, Cleveland,[36] Taft,[37] Theodore Roosevelt,[38][39] Woodrow Wilson,[40][41][42] and Bill Clinton. Clinton spoke on May 12, 1993 about reducing the federal deficit and again on May 23, 2006, as the Keynote Speaker at The Cooper Union's 147th Commencement along with Anna Deavere Smith.[43][44] He appeared a third time on April 23, 2007, along with Senator Edward Kennedy, Henry Kissinger, Norman Mailer, and others, at the memorial service for historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. Most recently, Barack Obama delivered an economic policy speech at Cooper Union's Great Hall on April 22, 2010.[45][46]
In addition to addresses by political figures, the Great Hall hosts semi-annual meetings of the New York City Rent Control Board, as well as incidental organized protests and recreational events. It is the stage for Cooper Union's commencement ceremony as well as the annual student orientation meeting for incoming freshman students. Cooper Union's Great Hall was also the site of the school's inauguration, whose primary address was given by Mark Twain.
The Great Hall also continues to serve as an important metropolitan art space and has hosted lectures and performances by such key figures as Joseph Campbell, Steve Reich, Salman Rushdie, Ralph Nader, Hamza Yusuf, Richard Stallman, Rudolph Giuliani, Pema Chodron, Michael Bloomberg, Evo Morales, and Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez. When not occupied by external or hosted events, the Great Hall is made accessible to students and faculty for large lectures and recreational activities, including the school's annual Culture Show. The Hall's audio/visual resources are operated by a student staff under faculty management, as part of Cooper Union's extensive work-study employment program, though some high-profile hosted events are operated by professional staff. In 1994, the Cooper Union Forum of Public Programs was honored with a Village Award from the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation.[47]
In late 2008, the Great Hall was closed to students and outside events for the first major renovation of the hall since 1978.[48] This renovation and redecoration was overseen by Sam Anderson Architects, a firm created and led by Cooper Union School of Architecture alumni, while the Arup Acoustics company was responsible for analysis and renovation of the hall's acoustic profile, which included installation of modern sound diffusion paneling on the rear walls. The audience seats, which had not been altered since a prior renovation in 1906, were replaced by modern seating designed to replicate the unique shape of the original furniture. In addition, the audio/visual and lighting systems of the Great Hall were updated to modern standards, including installation of ceiling-mounted digital projectors and intelligent lighting fixtures, to meet the increasing demands of hosted and student events. The hallway and lobby leading to the Great Hall were also redecorated during the renovation period, with additions featuring historical information and primary source documents relevant to the space.
Modern changes
The Cooper Union evolved over time into its current form, featuring schools in architecture, fine art, and engineering. At present, these three fields represent Cooper Union's degree programs (exclusively). The Faculty of Humanities and Social Studies provides classes and faculty to all three programs.
In September 1992, Cooper Union opened its Student Residence Hall, located across 3rd Avenue from the Foundation Building, as the school's first-ever on-campus housing resource.[49] This apartment-style dormitory provides living space for 178 students, or approximately one-fifth of the school's student population. In addition to resident assistants, the Residence Hall provides living spaces for incoming freshman students of all three schools. New first-year students are not required to live in the dormitory building, unlike housing policies of many other universities. Remaining space in the building, when available, is allocated to upper-class students based on individual housing needs.
Modern curricular changes include the consolidation of the School of Engineering's interdisciplinary engineering (IDE) major and BSE program, after faculty reviews of the two programs yielded votes of no confidence and concerns of limited support. In addition, the Engineering School curricula have been recently updated to allow for greater flexibility in scheduling and elective course selection.
41 Cooper Square
A new classroom, laboratory, and studio facility designed by Thom Mayne of Morphosis Architecture with associate architect Gruzen Samton completed construction in Summer 2009, replacing the aging Hewitt Academic Building at 41 Cooper Square. In contrast to the Foundation Building, 41 Cooper Square is of modern, environmentally "green" design, housing nine above-ground floors and two basements. The structure features unconventional architectural features, including a full-height Grand Atrium, prevalent interior windows, a four-story linear central staircase, and upper-level skyways, which reflect the design intention of inspiring, socially interactive space for students and faculty. In addition, the building's design allows for up to 75% natural lighting, further reducing energy costs. Other "green" features in the design include servo-controlled external wall panels, which can be swiveled open or closed individually in order to regulate interior light and temperature, as well as motorized drapes on all exterior windows. In 2010, 41 Cooper Square became the first academic and laboratory structure in New York City to meet Platinum-level LEED standards for energy efficiency.[50] The building was funded largely by alumni donations, materialized in nameplates and other textual recognition throughout the building.[51]
Primarily designed to house the Cooper Union's School of Engineering and School of Art, the new building's first eight above-ground floors are populated by classrooms, small engineering laboratories, study lounges, art studio space, and faculty offices. The ninth, top floor is dedicated completely to School of Art studio and classroom space in addition to the art studio spaces located throughout the building. The lowest basement level consists almost completely of the school's large machine shops and design laboratories, as well as much of the HVAC and supply infrastructure. The building's first basement level houses primarily the Frederick P. Rose Auditorium, a 198-capacity lecture hall and event space designed as a smaller, more modern alternative to the Great Hall. In addition, the first basement's Menschel Conference Room provides a high-profile space for meetings and classes, and features a high-definition videoconferencing system linked to two other similar spaces in the upper floors of the building.
Connecting the first four floors of 41 Cooper Square is the linear Grand Staircase, which is used both for transportation and as a recreational space for students. Higher floors are connected by floating interior skyways, in addition to two standard corner staircases and three passenger elevators. At the peak of the Grand Staircase is the Ware & Drucker Student Lounge, which houses a small cafeteria service for students as well as a relaxed, naturally lit study location.
Financial support
A substantial portion of the annual budget, which supports the full-tuition scholarships in addition to the school's costs, is generated through donations from alumni in both the public and the private sector. In addition, real estate has become a very important asset to the College and has drastically increased its endowment to over $600 million.[52] The land under the Chrysler Building is owned by the endowment,[53] and as of 2009, Cooper Union received $7 million per year from this parcel. Further, under a very unusual arrangement, New York City real-estate taxes assessed against the Chrysler lease, held by Tishman Speyer, are paid to Cooper Union, not the city. This arrangement would be voided if Cooper Union sold the real estate. In 2006, Tishman Speyer signed a deal with the school to pay rent that will escalate to $32.5 million in 2018, $41 million in 2028 and $55 million in 2038. Cooper Union investment committee member John Michaelson acknowledged to the Wall Street Journal that Tishman Speyer "would not have signed a generous agreement like that had it been approached in 2009."[54]
Financial crisis and tuition controversy
Around October 29, 2011, rumors circulated that the school was in serious financial trouble. On October 31, a series of open forums were held with students, faculty, and alumni to address the crisis.[55]
Current and past students voiced opposition to the plan on social networking sites and print publications. The president of the school, Jamshed Bharucha, indicated that depletion of the school's endowment required additional sources of funding. A possible tuition levy and more pointed solicitation of alumni donations and research grants were being considered to offset recent financial practices such as liquidating assets and spending heavily on 41 Cooper Square, a controversial new academic building. On April 24, 2012, the college announced approval from its Board of Trustees to attempt to establish a new tuition-based cross-disciplinary graduate program, expand its fee-based continuing education programs, and impose tuition on some students in its existing graduate programs, effective September 2013.[56][57]
In December 2012, as a protest against the possibility of undergraduate tuition being charged, 11 students occupied a suite[58] in the Foundation Building for a week.[59] Solicitation of additional endowment to support the free tuition policy was complicated by the school's policy of granting full tuition scholarships to wealthy students. Charging high tuition was complicated by the school's lack of customary amenities offered by other high-tuition schools.[60]
On April 23, 2013, the New York Times reported that the college had announced that it would end its free tuition policy for undergraduates, beginning in fall 2014. The administration maintained that they would continue to offer need-based tuition remission to incoming undergraduates on a sliding scale.[11] On May 8, 2013, a group of students occupied president Jamshed Bharucha's office in protest over the end of the free tuition policy. The administration, board of trustees, and those members of the Cooper Union community who had been occupying the Office of the President since early May reached an agreement that ended the occupation on July 12.[61]
Throughout 2013, 2014, and 2015, the Committee to Save Cooper Union — a coalition of former and current students, alumni and faculty — campaigned to reverse this decision, urging the president and the board of trustees to return Cooper Union to "its tuition-free and merit-based mission, ensure the school's fiscal recovery, and establish better governance structures."
On September 1, 2015, the school and the Committee to Save Cooper Union (CSCU) announced that the committee's lawsuit against the school's administration was resolved in the form of a consent decree signed by Cooper Union, New York State's Attorney General Eric Schneiderman, and the CSCU. The decree include provisions for returning to a sustainable, tuition-free policy, increased board transparency, additional student, faculty and alumni trustees, an independent financial monitor appointed by the Attorney General, and a search committee to identify the next full-term president.[62][63][64]
The Albert Nerken School of Engineering
The Cooper Union School of Engineering's enrollment includes about 550 students, and is the largest of the three schools by a significant margin. It is one of the most prestigious and selective engineering schools in the United States, consistently ranked within the top four undergraduate engineering programs among non-doctorate-awarding schools nationwide.[65] The school offers ABET-accredited Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) programs in chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering. In addition, Cooper Union offers an interdisciplinary engineering program, leading to a Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools-accredited Bachelor of Science in Engineering (B.S.E.) degree.
All School of Engineering departments maintain a focus on project-based learning and opportunities for extension through undergraduate research, in addition to training students in the science and mathematics fundamental to engineering practice.[66] Because Cooper Union does not offer doctoral program, all of the institution's research is carried out by undergraduate and master's students in partnership with faculty and staff.
The School of Engineering's B.E. degrees are designed to prepare students for either direct industry employment or continued, graduate-level engineering education in their particular field. Students in the B.E. program may choose to proceed into a 5th-year Master of Engineering (M.E.) program, or even (in some cases) complete the requirements for both the B.E. and M.E. degrees within four years. In contrast, the interdisciplinary B.S.E. program is intended for those students interested in further education in the fields of medicine, business, and law (specifically patent law), and provides a curriculum with broader focus and emphasis on the application of engineering and science skills to other, related fields.
In addition to core and elective coursework, engineering students are required to take part in the "Cooper's Own No Nonsense Engineering Communication Training" (CONNECT) program, which provides workshops and lectures in technical writing, oral presentation, public relations, and other communication-related topics relevant to engineering practice in industry. Facilitators and teachers in the CONNECT program generally have backgrounds in theatre, business writing, journalism, or communication, rather than engineering and science, and therefore offer a broader gamut of communication-related skills than Cooper's core faculty.[67] The program was introduced in 1994 by Professor Richard Stock, Ph.D of Cooper Union's Chemical Engineering department, and Dr. John Osborn, an instructor of drama at New York University, in response to practicing engineers' need for professional presentation skills as well as industry demands for employees capable of accurately and effectively communicating the details of their work to management and third parties.[68]
Simon Ben Avi has recently retired as the Acting Dean of the Albert Nerken School of Engineering to join Hofstra University,[69] succeeding Eleanor Baum, the former Dean. She was the first woman to be named as dean of an engineering college or university and is an Electrical Engineer. Dean Baum was recently named to the National Women's Hall of Fame.[70] Richard Stock currently serves as the acting dean of the school.
All bachelor's programs offered by the School of Engineering require a minimum of 135 credits for graduation, including completion of a core program of general engineering and science classes as well as a minimum of 24 credits in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences.[71] Each department maintains additional degree requirements, including both core and elective courses within the relevant field.
The 55-credit core program, which is required of all engineering students (regardless of major), consists of 17 specific courses in the fields of Mathematics, Physical Science, and Humanities and Social Sciences, as well as two project-oriented courses in Engineering Design. The academic curriculum is designed such that all students are capable of completing this core curriculum by the end of their Sophomore year, though many students postpone required core courses until the third or fourth year in favor of additional electives.[72]
In addition to the general curricular demands of each department, students in the Chemical, Civil, Mechanical, or Interdisciplinary Engineering programs may opt to obtain an academic minor in a specific discipline of their engineering field. In order to obtain a minor, a student must enroll in at least four additional 3-credit courses relevant to the area of specialization.[73] Minors from the Humanities and Mathematics departments are available to all engineering students.
Master's program
The Master of Engineering program offers an opportunity for Cooper Union undergraduate students to obtain a master's degree in one of the four named engineering disciplines while conducting research at the school. Students in the Master's Program are teamed with a full-time professor in their department for the research and design project. The requirements for the master's degree are a 30-credit course of study, including a 12-credit major and a 12-credit minor. At least 6 credits of Master's Thesis study are also required. Candidates for this degree are also required to conduct an oral defense of their thesis which is organized by the department faculty. The Cooper Union hosts, on average, 20 Master's degree students per year.[74][75][76] Master's students will have to pay tuition in the future.[56]
Departments and majors
Unlike many engineering schools, there is no option for "general studies" at the Cooper Union, even in the first year. All applicants must declare their major on application, enrolling themselves in a particular department (or the interdisciplinary B.S.E. program) before they arrive.[77] Once at Cooper, switching majors within the Engineering school is permitted, but a cumulative GPA of 3.0 and faculty approval are required. Most department-specific courses do not begin until the latter half of the second year, and therefore switching majors before that point is very feasible from a curricular standpoint. However, given the intense and competitive nature of the first two years, maintaining the academic requirements for eligibility can be extremely difficult.
Chemical engineering
The chemical engineering curriculum and program structure is designed to provide students with thorough knowledge of energy and material balances, thermodynamics, and the physical and reactive characteristics of chemical structures, in order to facilitate creative design and analysis of chemical and nuclear systems. Major focus is given to understanding and quantification of the relevant safety, cost, and environmental impact of such systems. The Chemical Engineering curriculum includes a total of 53 credits in specific required courses (in addition to the 55-credit engineering core curriculum).[66]
In addition to the Chemical Engineering major, students have the option to obtain one of four minors through the department: biomedical engineering, environmental engineering, applied chemical technology, or energy engineering.
Civil engineering
Civil engineering is the oldest and smallest degree-granting engineering program at Cooper Union; roughly 25 students are admitted into the undergraduate program each year.[78] In addition to the core curriculum, Civil Engineering students are required to take an additional 47 credits in specific CE courses. The Civil Engineering program focuses heavily on the topics of mechanics, materials science, and computer-aided design and analysis. These subjects are the foundation for civil engineering applications including structural/infrastructural, geotechnical, environmental, and transportation design. Students are also educated in the processes and analysis methods relevant to the development of new materials and structural systems.[66]
Academic minors available in the Civil Engineering department include "Structural and Geotechnical Engineering" and "Water Resources and Environmental Engineering".[79]
Electrical engineering
Cooper Union's electrical engineering program, which enrolls about 30 new students per academic year, is consistently ranked among the top undergraduate programs in its field.[80] Unlike other engineering departments at The Cooper Union, the Electrical Engineering program does not offer students the opportunity to pursue an academic minor, instead offering three curricular "tracks" which students may adopt. All students in the program are required to choose a specialization, and each has unique graduation requirements.
The computer engineering track is designed to develop skills in computer architecture, systems programming, data communication networks, and artificial intelligence. The Signals track focuses on DSP algorithms and their implementation in hardware and software, as well as electronic imaging/sensing technologies and communication systems. Finally, the Electronic Systems and Materials specialization bridges Electrical Engineering and Materials Science, including advanced integrated circuit design and the production of semiconductors and optical materials. All tracks also include a general electrical engineering curriculum, covering circuits, digital logic, control systems, signal processing, and computer programming.[81]
Mechanical engineering
The Mechanical Engineering program is the largest of Cooper Union's engineering departments. Students study varied topics including thermodynamics, control engineering, mechanics, materials science, systems, and instrumentation, and may choose to pursue individually crafted specializations through elective coursework.[82] Students are encouraged to customize their educational curriculum by replacing (with prior approval) core engineering curriculum courses with additional electives, whether within the Mechanical Engineering department or in a different field. Common specializations include Aerospace, Biomechanical, and Robotics Engineering.[83]
Other departments
The School of Engineering is also home to three other departments; chemistry, mathematics, and physics. In addition to providing required and elective courses in their respective subjects to students in all majors, the faculty of these departments provide engineering students with research and independent study opportunities. In addition, faculty from the Department of Chemistry direct master's degree students in fundamental and applied research projects in partnership with the Department of Chemical Engineering.[84] The Chemistry and Mathematics departments are two of the original departments established in 1859 at the founding of the Cooper Union.[85]
The School of Art
In February 2013, students applying Early Decision to the School of Art were notified that their applications were "deferred." [86] This is attributed by the President to the Board's unwillingness to accept the financial obligations of admitting another year of students, unless the School of Art Faculty can provide a plan that can assure such funding.[87] The possibility that there will be no incoming 2013 students for the School of Art has not been formally communicated by Cooper Union to applicants.
Consisting of roughly 200 students and 70 faculty members,[88] the Cooper Union School of Art draws on the creative energy of the East Village to produce some of the most distinguished artists in the world today. The school offers a 4-year program leading to a Bachelor of Fine Arts (B.F.A) degree, which can be extended to 5 years with faculty approval. In addition, students may instead opt to receive a Certificate of Fine Arts degree, which can be completed in two years of study.[89] As a member school of AICAD, School of Art students may participate in exchange programs with the other colleges in the Association, including California Institute of the Arts and Otis College of Art and Design.[90]
The Cooper Union Art program is often referred to as "generalist" or "versatile" when compared to other Fine Arts colleges; incoming students do not choose an academic major within the Fine Arts field, but instead are permitted and encouraged to select courses from any of the School of Art's departments.[91] This approach allows for a personalized curriculum which addresses each student's particular interests, regardless of variation or eclecticism. In addition, the program and curriculum place heavy emphasis on each student's creative and imaginative abilities, rather than technical precision in a specific medium, to develop the social awareness and critical analysis skills relevant to art in the contemporary world.[92]
Curator Saskia Bos was appointed Dean of the School of Art in 2005.
The Cooper Union has the lowest acceptance rate of any fine arts college in the United States. It also has a very high yield rate, with over 70% of accepted students choosing to attend.[93][94] The School of Art chooses to accept, on average, 60 first-year and two transfer students each academic year. An early decision application is available; approximately 60% of accepted students are early decision applicants.[95]
In addition to standard SAT and transcript requirements, the School of Art requires all applicants to complete a rigorous "hometest," which spans a four-week period and plays a primary role in the admissions decision process. This conceptually-focused assessment consists of six prompts addressed by applicants using visual pieces in any medium, as well as 10 short-answer writing prompts.[96] In addition, first-year students are required to submit a portfolio consisting of 10–20 recent works which demonstrate the artist's creative and technical ability. The School of Art encourages all applicants to attend an open house prior to portfolio submission, wherein faculty members are available to offer suggestions and advice regarding portfolio compilation.[97]
The School of Art's four-year B.F.A. curriculum consists primarily of elective studio and academic courses, which can be chosen by students to personalize their education and experience. In addition, a total of 39 credits in specific courses are required of all students. This core curriculum includes literature, social sciences, art history, and writing courses, in addition to "foundation" studio courses in color, drawing, and design.[98] Foundation-level art courses are completed by all students within their first year at The Cooper Union, leaving the remaining three years completely open for elective studio courses which can be chosen from departments including sculpture, painting, video, photography, traditional and computer animation, graphic design, typography, printmaking, and new media.[89] A total of 55 credits in elective studio courses are required for graduation, in addition to 12 credits of other electives.
Students in the Certificate of Fine Arts program must complete at least 27 credits in elective studio courses, in addition to a 24-credit subset of the core curriculum. This program is generally limited to an extremely small number of "special case" students for whom the B.F.A. program is deemed inappropriate or impossible. C.F.A. students may apply for transfer to the B.F.A. program after completing 42 total credits in the School of Art.[89]
All graduating students are required to complete a final exhibition of their work, which can be installed in any of The Cooper Union's gallery spaces and remains publicly accessible for two to four days.[99]
The Cooper Union School of Art's studio, workspace, gallery, and classroom spaces are located throughout the Foundation Building and 41 Cooper Square, and provide comprehensive resources for students working in any Fine Arts department.
Student workspaces
Sophomore, Junior, and Senior Art students may apply for personal studio space in either the Foundation Building or 41 Cooper Square, which can be used for project storage as well as production space for media not requiring a specialized facility.[100] Student studio spaces are generally divided areas or cubicles of larger rooms, with the central areas open for large-scale work. All resident students must agree to a "studio use contract" upon application, which designates liability and responsibility for damages and misuse of space.
All student workspaces feature sinks, electrical outlets, and space for hanging or mounting artwork. Immediately outside each studio room is a partitioned storage and disposal system for hazardous and flammable media and materials. Personal studio rooms in 41 Cooper Square are naturally lit and feature high ceilings and advanced multimedia capabilities; as a result, these spaces are generally reserved by Junior and Senior students taking courses in the building, who have priority in the selection process.
Occasionally, first-year Art students living a significant distance from the school's campus are granted shared studio spaces for storage.[89] Because most freshman students choose to live in the Cooper Union Residence Hall immediately across the street, this exception is rarely justified.
Studios, shops, and labs
Because each discipline of fine art requires specific equipment and conditions, the School of Art maintains 20 workrooms dedicated to the production of specific media, in both the Foundation Building and 41 Cooper Square.[89]
- The School of Art's two Computer Studios are state-of-the-art computing facilities in 41 Cooper Square which provide classroom and lab space for students and faculty to produce and present digital work. They feature 40 Xeon-based Mac Pro workstations for student use, along with professional grade scanning, imaging, and printing devices for archival, large-format printing, film production, video editing, and audio production. These studios are often used as classrooms for Graphic Design and Computer Animation courses. Additional production equipment including audio recording interfaces, digital cameras, and microphones are available for student rental through the interdisciplinary audio/visual department.[101]
- Several painting and drawing studios and classrooms are available within both buildings on campus, providing easels, palette stands, sawhorse tables, and mounting hardware for props and reference images. In addition, all painting studios include sinks and storage racks for projects and equipment. The Painting Office in the Foundation building provides additional materials and equipment for rent and sale. The Foundation Building painting studios and classrooms feature skylights, providing a naturally lit workspace environment, while 41 Cooper Square's studios provide a similar atmosphere with full-size windows on all external walls.
- The photography department maintains one communal black-and-white and eight individual color darkrooms, containing enlargers and print processing equipment in addition to the chemical and paper media used for film photography. Each photography studio is staffed by student assistants who operate and maintain the equipment, in addition to providing rental services for film and digital SLR cameras. The Foundation Building photography workspace includes two- and three-dimensional sets, complete with photographic lighting resources, for film or digital imaging.
- Printmaking resources and equipment are stored in a large, well-ventilated shop space on the 3rd floor of the Foundation Building. In addition to computer workspaces for digital design and production, the facility features lithography presses, silkscreen vacuum tables, and etching equipment, as well as paper mills and stones for paper-making and manual lithography.
- Film and Video studios are located in the Foundation building and provide resources, equipment, and work space for film and digital video production, from pre-production to publication. Microphones, lighting kits, and tripods are freely available for student use and rental, in addition to Super8, 16 mm, MiniDV, 24p, and HDV camcorders. Eight video-editing computer workstations are also available, and feature Final Cut Studio and Adobe Creative Suite editing software in addition to audio and video capture and trans-coding hardware. Scanners, rotoscopes, editing workstations, and other equipment used for the production of traditional, computer, and stop-motion animation are located in a second computer lab adjacent to the video and film studio.
Located in both public spaces and specialized rooms, Cooper Union's galleries provide space for installations and showcases by students, faculty, and guest artists.[99] Popular gallery locations include the Great Hall lobby in the Foundation Building and newly opened 41 Cooper Gallery in 41 Cooper Square, which provides a three-story high space for large, three-dimensional exhibitions and works visible from both the building lobby and 7th street through large plate-glass windows.
In addition, numerous smaller exhibition spaces exist throughout both buildings on campus, providing space for student projects and individual artwork to be displayed. Larger spaces on the upper floors of the Foundation Building are used primarily for interdisciplinary exhibitions with the School of Architecture. For presentations of video and digital media, the Great Hall and 41 Cooper Square's Rose Auditorium are used. Exhibition resources including frames, stands, projectors, and mounting hardware are provided to students and faculty by the school's Buildings and Grounds department.[89]
Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture
The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture at The Cooper Union offers a five-year program leading to a Bachelor of Architecture degree. The school ranks among the top five architecture programs in the United States.[102] The philosophical foundation of the school is committed to the complex symbiotic relationships of education, research, theory, and practice.
The five-year Design sequence is structured to integrate the elements of architecture: investigation of program, construction, structure, and form/space. The Design sequence is intended to generate effective, forceful and spirited architecture.
With over 8,000 square feet (740 m2) of studio space, each student has his or her own drafting and work area. The studio functions as a classroom in which instruction occurs, as a laboratory in which projects are conceived and developed, and as a base of operations. Classroom facilities include a lecture hall, seminar room, and ample presentation space. There is also a computer lab available for student use on the seventh floor.
The faculty includes many influential practicing architects and theorists (Diana Agrest, Diane Lewis, and Lebbeus Woods). Well-known graduates of the school include Shigeru Ban, Daniel Libeskind, Karen Bausman, Elizabeth Diller and Ricardo Scofidio.
Master of Architecture II
The post-professional degree program was launched in 2009 to extend the vision and intellectual rigor of the undergraduate program and allow a further development of the school's preeminent position in the education of architects.[103] Concentrations in one or a combination of three areas are offered: theory, history and criticism of architecture, urban studies and technologies. Faculty directly engaged with the Master of Architecture II program (in studios and seminars) include Diana Agrest, Lydia Kallipoliti, David Turnbull, Anthony Vidler, Michael Young, Pablo Lorenzo-Eiroa, Tamar Zinguer, Guido Zuliani and others. Guest lecturers have included Lucia Allais, D. Graham Burnett, Kurt Forster, Ruben Gallo, Adam Maloof, Joan Ockman, Gyan Prakash and others.[104]
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
The Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences provides the academic thread that binds the three schools into a tightly integrated whole. The Cooper Union is committed to the principle that an education in the liberal arts provides the ethical, social and humanistic framework crucial to personal development and professional excellence; thus, all students in the first two years take a core curriculum of required courses in the humanities and social sciences. These courses are not segregated by member school or academic major, and provide a formal opportunity for students in each of the three Schools to interact in an interdisciplinary environment. Students in the School of Art take an additional three-semester sequence in art history. During the third and fourth years, students have considerable latitude to explore the humanities and social sciences through elective courses. The Center for Writing works with all students throughout their time at The Cooper Union, providing both tutoring for Humanities courses and assistance with other writing-related tasks (such as technical documentation of research projects and the production of résumés.)
Cooper Union has developed an athletic program[105] which fields teams in basketball, volleyball, tennis, soccer and cross country.[106]
Notable alumni
Awards received by Cooper Union alumni include one Nobel Prize in Physics, a Pritzker Prize, twelve Rome Prizes, 23 Guggenheim Fellowships, three MacArthur Fellowships, nine Chrysler Design Awards, and three American Institute of Architects Thomas Jefferson Awards for Public Architecture. The school also boasts 34 Fulbright Scholars since 2001, and thirteen National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships since 2004.[107]
Notable alumni of the Cooper Union School of Art include Seymour Chwast, Ching Ho Cheng, Milton Glaser, Herb Lubalin, J. Abbott Miller, Lou Dorfsman, Ellen Lupton, Joel Peter Witkin, Alexander Isley, Eva Hesse, Alex Katz and Hans Haacke.
In popular culture
- In the German cult film Killer Condom (1996), the laboratory in which the villain manufactures penis-eating condom monsters is located in the basement of the school, and one of the final scenes was shot outside the Foundation building main entrance.
- In Susan Skoog's coming-of-age independent film Whatever (1998), precocious suburban teen Anna Stockard (Liza Weil) harbors dreams of moving to the city to study art at the Cooper Union in the early 80s.[108]
- The Cooper Union and their student dorms were featured as background in The Interpreter (2005) starring Nicole Kidman and Sean Penn.
- The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby features the New Academic Building.[109]
- Winter's Tale was filmed at Cooper's foundation building to fit the novel's early 1900 setting.
- The Cooper Union acts as a symbol of Progressivism in the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel His Family (1917) by Ernest Poole, as well as in the novel From Immigrant to Inventor (1924) by Michael Pupin.
See also
- ↑ As of June 30, 2013. "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2013 Market Value of Endowment Assets and Percentage Change* in Endowment Market Value from FY 2012 to FY 2013" (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Office of the President". Cooper Union. 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Staff (January 23, 2007). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Cooper Union". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 11, 2007.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). . Collier's New Encyclopedia. New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Holzer, Harold (2004). Lincoln at Cooper Union: The Speech That Made Abraham Lincoln President. Simon & Schuster. p. 22. ISBN 0-7432-2466-3.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Peter Cooper. Columbia University Libraries. 1891. Retrieved December 11, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Henry Whitney Bellows Lecture (PDF). Cooper Union Engineering Faculty. 1999. Retrieved December 12, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Original Cooper Union charter, trust deed, and by-laws. Cooper Union. 1859. Retrieved February 3, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Mead, Edwin Doak (ed.) The Old South Leaflets Old South Meeting House, 1903. p. 465
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Kaminer, Ariel (April 23, 2013). "College Ends Free Tuition, and an Era". The New York Times. Retrieved May 26, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Best Colleges | Find the Best College for You". US News and World Report. January 31, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Best Colleges". US News & World Report. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art - Cooper - The College Board". collegeboard.org. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The 25 Most Desirable Small Schools". Newsweek. September 12, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The 25 Most Desirable Schools". Newsweek. September 12, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Charter, Trust Deed, and By-laws of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art. Wm. C. Bryant & Company. 1859. p. 61.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> Founding enabled by a NY State Act of February 17, 1857. The land is conveyed for one dollar.
- ↑ Speech to the First Graduating Class. 1864.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Local Intelligence: Cooper Union" New York Times (January 23, 1863)
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 At Cooper Union 125th Anniversary Special Issue (PDF). Cooper Union. 1984. Retrieved December 12, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ On Amateurs and Access. WordPress. 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 http://library.cooper.edu/archive/annual_reports/1859-1860%20Annual%20Report%20Part%201.pdf
- ↑ Topper, Robert. "Thomas Edison, Chemistry and Cooper Union" on the Cooper Union website
- ↑ The Cooper Union: History. Retrieved November 14, 2006
- ↑ Summerfield,Carol J., International Dictionary of University Histories, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1991, pp. 110–116
- ↑ One College Sidesteps the Crisis, Wall Street Journal, Money & Investing, June 30, 2009, p. c1
- ↑ Orli Zuravicky (August 2002). New York and the New Nation. Rosen Classroom. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-8239-8408-4.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Architects' Concrete Contributions". di.net. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "History of the Modern Elevator". TradeMark Properties. June 30, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ ""Cooper Union", by Richard Greenwood" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Inventory. National Park Service. August 8, 1975.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Cooper Union—Accompanying Photos, exterior, from 1975" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Inventory. National Park Service. August 8, 1975.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Postal, Matthew A. (ed. and text); Dolkart, Andrew S. (text). (2009) Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.) New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1, p.65
- ↑ Harold Holzer "The Speech that Made the Man," American Heritage, Winter 2010.
- ↑
- ↑ Holzer, Harold. "Still a Great Hall After All" American Heritage, April/May 2004.
- ↑ "PRAISED BY THE GERMANS; MR. CLEVELAND GREETED WITH WILD APPLAUSE. HIS FRIENDS FROM "FATHERLAND" THRONG COOPER UNION. A GREAT OUTPOURING OF GERMAN-AMERICANS TO SEE AND HEAR THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE –- THE EX-PRESIDENT'S HAPPY SPEECH ADDS TO HIS POPULARITY – CARL SCHURZ POINTS OUT THE DANGERS WHICH WOULD FOLLOW REPUBLICAN SUCCESS – AN APPEAL TO WHICH ALL GERMAN CITIZENS WILL RESPOND – OVERFLOW MEETINGS FOR THOUSANDS WHO COULD NOT GET INTO THE HALL" (PDF). New York Times. October 28, 1892. p. 1. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
It might be claiming too much to say that the Democratic Party as such gives a sufficient guarantee for the improvement of political methods or avoidance of these wrongdoings.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "TAFT DEFENDS BOTH CAPITAL AND LABOR; Tells Cooper Union Audience He's for Union Shops and Mutual Conciliation. NOT HAILED AS PRESIDENT Cordial Greeting at First Grows Warmer After He Answers Volley of Questions" (PDF). New York Times. January 11, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
Give the Government the ownership of mines and railroads and like enterprises, and I tremble to think of the danger to the Republic.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "ROOSEVELT BITTERLY ATTACKS WILSON; Tells Cooper Union Audience the President Cares Nothing for the Nation's Soul" (PDF). New York Times. November 4, 1916. p. 4. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
I have not said one thing of him which I did not deem it necessary to say because of the vital interests of this Republic.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Roosevelt, Theodore (1917). Americanism and preparedness: Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt, July to November, 1916. New York: The Mail and express job print. pp. 134–145. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
There can be no greater misfortune for a free nation than to find itself under incapable leadership when confronted by a great crisis.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Wilson, Woodrow (1913). The New Freedom: A call for the emancipation of the generous energies of a people. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company. pp. 98–99. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
One of the valuable lessons of my life was due to the fact that at a comparatively early age in my experience as a public speaker I had the privilege of speaking in Cooper Union in New York.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "WILSON SAYS ELASTICITY SAVES THE CONSTITUTION; Made to Help, Not to Hinder, Asserts Princeton's President" (PDF). New York Times. November 20, 1904. p. 5. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
The Constitution was not made to fit us like a straitjacket.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "THREE BIG MEETINGS HERE; President Says Some in Campaign Have Tried to Discredit Government. EFFORT TO DIVIDE CLASSES Tells 15,000 in Madison Square Garden the Country Stands at a Serious Turning Point. PREDICTS HIS RE-ELECTION. President and Mrs. Wilson Scale Fire Escape to Get Into Garden" (PDF). New York Times. November 3, 1916. p. 1. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
COOPER UNION PACKED; Enthusiastic Throng Cheers the President for Five Minutes<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Remarks at Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City" (PDF). Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Volume 29, Number 19. GPO. May 17, 1993. pp. 835–841. Retrieved June 21, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "FORMER PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON TO DELIVER KEYNOTE ADDRESS AT THE 147th COMMENCEMENT OF THE COOPER UNION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART; ANNA DEAVERE SMITH IS COMMENCEMENT SPEAKER". Cooper Union. Retrieved June 21, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Obama to Wall St.: 'Join Us, Instead of Fighting Us' The New York Times April 22, 2010
- ↑ "Remarks at the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City" (PDF). Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents;Administration of Barack H. Obama, 2010. GPO. April 22, 2010. pp. 1–6. DCPD Number: DCPD201000290. Retrieved June 21, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Past Village Award Winners". GVSHP.org. Retrieved June 1, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ http://atcooper.cooper.edu/pdfs/ACUs09_briefs.pdf
- ↑ "Residence Hall". Cooper.edu. June 25, 2007. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The Cooper Union Builds | Naming Opportunities". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The Cooper Union Builds | Donors". Cooper.edu. Archived from the original on January 6, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (help)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Smart Land Deals as a Cornerstone for Free Tuition
- ↑ Gregor, Alison (February 13, 2008). "Smart Land Deals as a Cornerstone of Free Tuition". The New York Times. Retrieved April 1, 2010.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ One College Sidesteps the Crisis, Wall Street Journal, Money & Investing, June 30, 2009, p. c1; see p.c3
- ↑ Pérez-Peña, Richard (October 31, 2011). "Cooper Union, Long Free but in Financial Distress, Looks at Charging Tuition". The New York Times. Retrieved October 31, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 Pérez-Peña, Richard (April 24, 2012). "Cooper Union Will Charge Tuition for Graduate Students". The New York Times. Retrieved June 15, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Fleisher, Lisa (April 24, 2012). "Cooper Union to Charge". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 24, 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Kaminer, Ariel. "Tuition Protesters Still in Top Office at Cooper Union" New York Times (May 24, 2013)
- ↑ Moynihan, Colin. "Cooper Union Students End Occupation of Suite After a Week" New York Times (December 10, 2012)
- ↑ Ariel Kramer (February 15, 2013). "Cooper Union's Free Tuition Tradition May Be Near Its End". The New York Times. Retrieved February 16, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Occupation of President's Office Ends". cooper.edu. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bagli, Charles. "New York Attorney General Reaches Deal to End Litigation at Cooper Union". New York Times. Retrieved September 2, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The Committee to Save Cooper Union". savecooperunion.org. Retrieved September 2, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Staff. "New York Reaches Deal with Cooper Union, Plaintiffs" Diverse: Issues in Higher Education (September 2, 2015)
- ↑ Rankings, U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved November 14, 2006
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 http://scientia.cooper.edu/registrar/cat0910_eng.pdf
- ↑ "personnel". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "program". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "University Relations press release - Hofstra University". hofstra.edu. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ National Women's Hall of Fame – News & Events
- ↑ "Albert Nerken School of Engineering". cooper.edu. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Cooper Union School of Engineering: Degree Requirements". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Curriculum Index". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Integrated Masters Program | electrical engineering". Ee.cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Cooper Union Mechanical Engineering". Me.cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Master's Program/Theses". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The Cooper Union: Admissions: First Year: Engineering". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Civil Engineering » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Civil Engineering » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Electrical / Electronic / Communications | Rankings". US News and World Report. January 31, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Areas of Study | electrical engineering". Ee.cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Albert Nerken School of Engineering » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ http://me.cooper.edu/academics/tracks.php
- ↑ "Cooper Union – Chemistry Faculty". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The Cooper Archives" (PDF). Cooper.edu. Retrieved October 27, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Deferred Cooper Union Applicants Feel Like Collateral in Board's Beef With Art School".<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Cooper Union Saga Continues as Administration Refuses Early Art Acceptances". Hyperallergic. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Faculty » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 89.4 89.5 http://scientia.cooper.edu/registrar/cat0910_art.pdf
- ↑ "School of Art » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "The Cooper Union Appoints Saskia Bos Museum Director and Noted Curator to Head School of Art | Entertainment & Arts > Art & Artists from". AllBusiness.com. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "School of Art » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Top 100 – Lowest Acceptance Rates | Rankings". US News and World Report. January 31, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Cooper Union: Encyclopedia – Cooper Union". Experiencefestival.com. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "FAQs » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "FAQs » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Application » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. December 3, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "School of Art » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 "Exhibitions » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "School of Art » The Cooper Union". Cooper.edu. November 20, 2010. Retrieved March 16, 2011.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "School of Art". cooper.edu. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Architectural Blatherations - The USA's best architecture schools in research: 2009/13". archsoc.com. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "New MArch II at Cooper Union". archinect.com. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Master of Architecture II". cooper.edu. Retrieved September 13, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Christian, Nichole M. (December 16, 2000). "Athletics at Cooper Union? Precisely". The New York Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Cooper Union Athletics". Cooper.edu. Retrieved August 6, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Facts about Cooper Union" on the Cooper Union website
- ↑ Whatever, The New York Times, capsule review
- ↑ herenthere (July 30, 2012). "'Rigby' Goes Down: James McAvoy Spotted in Cooper Square". The New York Times.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cooper Union.
|Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Cooper Union.
- Official website
- Information about Cooper Union and the Foundation Building from The Cooper Union Library and Archives
- US News Rankings
- New York Architecture Images – the Cooper Union Foundation Building
- Original 1861 Harper's Weekly Story on the Cooper Union
- Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. NY-20, "Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art"
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia
- CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty
- Pages with citations using unsupported parameters
- Use mdy dates from March 2015
- Pages with broken file links
- Commons category link is defined as the pagename
- 1859 establishments in New York
- Architecture schools in New York
- Art galleries in Manhattan
- Art schools in New York
- Cooper Union
- East Village, Manhattan
- Educational institutions established in 1859
- Graphic design schools in the United States
- Historic American Engineering Record in New York
- Landmarks in Manhattan
- National Historic Landmarks in New York City
- Peter Cooper
- School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
- Technological universities in the United States
- Universities and colleges in Manhattan
- Universities and colleges in New York City
- University art museums and galleries in New York


text:
Over the past two decades, the ETF industry has grown to asset levels that few predicted when the first U.S.-listed ETF was launched in 1993. In its early stages, the ETF industry offered only a handful of funds that tracked prominent domestic equity indexes. Today, exchange-traded products (ETPs—including ETFs, ETNs and other exchange-traded structures) offer liquid, low-cost exposure to a wide range of additional asset classes, including international equities, fixed income securities, commodities and currencies, along with a variety of sub-categories within each of these asset classes. This year, we expect the number of ETPs listed in the United States to exceed 1,500, with over $1.2 trillion in assets under management, which raises the question: How much capacity exists for future ETP industry growth?
To answer this question, we can start by looking back at historical growth rates of ETP industry assets under management. Over the past 10 years, ETP assets have grown at an annual rate of about 30%, despite the fact that equities, which represent the largest group of ETP assets, essentially moved sideways during the same time period. During the last five years, this growth rate slowed to about 22%, which is understandable considering the timing of the financial crisis and its effects on equities and other risky assets from late 2008 to early 2009. Over the past three years, asset growth has reaccelerated to an annual rate of about 25%. Whether or not ETP asset growth continues to accelerate at these robust historical rates or begins to level off will largely depend on a few key factors.
Underpinning historical asset growth has been the ability of ETPs to expand into new, untapped asset classes. As domestic equity ETPs lost ground a few years ago, ETPs in other asset classes, such as fixed income, experienced increased demand. Today, only four of the 10 largest ETPs track U.S. stocks. In fact, even as domestic equity ETPs have recovered over the past three years, net inflows for this category have trailed behind both international equity ETPs and fixed income ETPs. Commodity ETPs have also received strong inflows. Without the inclusion of these additional asset classes, the ETP industry would be less than half its current size. While most of the low-hanging fruit has already been gathered, future asset growth will depend partly on how successful ETP sponsors are in introducing additional asset classes into exchange-traded products.
Because there are fewer unexplored asset classes remaining, the next wave of ETP innovation will likely focus on fine tuning exposure within asset classes. One case in point over the last few years has been the surge in issuance of new equity income ETPs. These funds, which diverge from traditional market-cap weighted indexes in order to provide conservative, dividend-focused strategies, have been successful in gathering new assets even as broad domestic equity index ETPs faced net outflows. Another example of product innovation within an existing ETP asset class is the introduction of various strategies by which commodity futures ETPs seek to minimize the potentially negative impact of rolling from one month's futures contract to another. In order to maintain asset growth trends during the next decade, ETP sponsors must continue to seek new and better ways to provide exposure to a variety of asset classes.
In addition to product innovation, there are a number of external factors that will impact ETP industry growth. For example, a continuation of the shift among financial advisors from commission-based compensation to fee-based advisory compensation tends to favor ETPs over mutual funds. Comparatively, ETPs are not only generally cheaper and more transparent than most traditional mutual funds, they also offer superior tradability, providing investment advisors greater flexibility to make portfolio changes.
Another important factor to consider when assessing future growth potential of the ETP industry is how changing regulations might impact asset flows. While it's difficult to predict the shape that future regulations might take, it seems likely that prospective guidelines would generally favor greater transparency and lower fees—both areas in which ETPs already provide a significant advantage over traditional mutual funds.
Also, as discussed in July's ETF Advisor column, 401(k) plans offer another potential source of ETP industry growth (see "Square Peg in a Round Hole?" Investment Advisor, July 2012). Thus far, these plans remain largely untapped, with ETPs representing less than 1% of total 401(k) assets. In my opinion, the fine-tuned exposure offered by certain ETPs will eventually lead to more widespread adoption by 401(k) plans. For ETP sponsors, the $4.9 trillion in plan assets provides a powerful incentive to find ways to make this happen.
For the ETP industry, there remains an abundance of opportunity for future growth. Just as the last decade broadened out the ETP industry via the introduction of new asset classes, the next decade will likely deepen the industry as new types of ETPs are introduced within those asset classes. New and innovative approaches among ETPs, including active management, will compete more directly with traditional mutual funds. As investment advisors continue to gain familiarity and comfort with the ETP structure, its advantages in terms of transparency, cost, and tradability will likely persist in drawing assets away from other packaged investment vehicles.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Throughout history, fragrances have always been an inseparable element in love and romance. Whether it is Cleopatra dousing herself and her surroundings in rose essence to seduce Mark Antony or eastern maharajahs sniffing on a bunch of jasmine as watch their courtesans dance, fragrances have had a large part to play in igniting passions and sensuality.The use of essential oils in lovemaking is nothing new, but today, we know that it is much more than a tradition. Scientific research carried out by neurologist Alan Hirsch at the Smell and Taste Treatment Research Foundation in Chicago has proven that certain scents are shown to have a powerful effect on our olfactory lobe, which is a part of the limbic system that houses sexual desires. Different scents seemed to produce varied levels of arousal in men and women, with Lavender and pumpkin pie ranking the highest! Even skeptics will agree that a nice smelling environment is conductive to romance and lovemaking – the scent of essential oils in a diffuser can elevate the mood and set you up for a passionate interlude.
Physical and emotional factors such as vaginal dryness, poor body image, stress and past traumas can be detrimental to sexual desire and confidence. Essential oils work in myriad ways to heal the body and mind. They balance out the chakras (energy centers) and stimulate the sacral chakra, which is located at the pubic bone.
The following essential oils are known to enhance sexuality and they work equally well for men and women:Jasmine, with its sharp and sensual scent, has been used by generations of Indian women to entice their partners.
Ginger has a warm and hearty aroma that recreates a cozy atmosphere for a couple and makes lovemaking last longer.
Cardamom fills up the senses with its spicy and intoxicating fragrance and is a definite turn-on.
Ylang Ylang is strewn on the beds of newly married South-Asian couples on their wedding night – need we say more?
Grapefruit refreshes and energizes the senses, especially if you have been feeling down and low.
Cedarwood, with is woody aroma, is reassuring and infuses warmth into the atmosphere.
Clary Sage acts as a tonic for the female reproduction system and boosts sexual confidence.
Rose is almost synonymous with love and romance. Its fresh, floral scent is a powerful aphrodisiac.
You may use these oils in numerous ways to spice up your love life:1. Pour a few drops into your bath water and let the aromas penetrate deep into your senses.
2. Add a few drops of essential oils to carrier oil and use it an intimate and erotic massage with your partner.
3. Light unscented candles all over your room to set the mood for romance. Candles also add warmth to your surroundings.
4. Sprinkle a few drops on your bed sheet and pillow cover so that the scents stay with you all through those special moments.
5. Use these oils in a burner at home to make every corner inviting and enticing.


text:
Warhol, Andy
Warhol, Andy, 1928–87, American artist and filmmaker, b. Pittsburgh as Andrew Warhola. The leading exponent of the pop art movement and one of the most influential artists of the late 20th cent., Warhol concentrated on the surface of things, choosing his imagery from the world of commonplace objects such as dollar bills, soup cans, soft-drink bottles, and scouring-pad boxes. He is variously credited with ridiculing and celebrating American middle-class values by erasing the distinction between popular and high culture. Monotony and repetition became the hallmarks of his multi-image, mass-produced silk-screen paintings: for many of these, such as the portraits of Marilyn Monroe and Jacqueline Kennedy, he employed newspaper photographs. He and his assistants worked out of a large New York studio dubbed the
Factory.In the mid-1960s Warhol began making films, suppressing the personal element in marathon essays on boredom. For The Chelsea Girls (1966), a largely improvised, voyeuristic look at life in New York's Chelsea Hotel, he also employed split-screen projection techniques that diverged from established methods. Among his later films are Trash (1971) and L'Amour (1973). With Paul Morrissey, Warhol also made the films Frankenstein (1974) and Dracula (1974). In 1973, Warhol launched the magazine Interview, a publication centered on his fascination with the cult of the celebrity. He died from complications following surgery. The Andy Warhol Museum, which exhibits many of his works, opened in Pittsburgh in 1994.
See his autobiographies (1969 and 1971); K. Goldsmith, ed., I'll Be Your Mirror: The Selected Andy Warhol Interviews, 1962–1987 (2004); C. Ratcliff, Andy Warhol (1983); D. Bourdon, Warhol (1989); V. Bockris, Life and Death of Andy Warhol (1989); B. Colacello, Holy Terror (1990); W. Koestenbaum, Andy Warhol (2001); S. Watson, Factory Made: Warhol and the Sixties (2004); D. Dalton and T. Scherman, Pop: The Genius of Andy Warhol (2009); A. C. Danto, Andy Warhol (2009).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: American and Canadian Art: Biographies


text:
Fidelity National Financial Inc., the largest U.S. title insurer, won approval from U.S. antitrust regulators for its $2.9 billion acquisition of Lender Processing Services Inc.
The Federal Trade Commission cleared the deal on condition that Fidelity National sell a copy of databases serving six Oregon counties to preserve competition, according to a statement today by the agency.
Fidelity National, which is based in Jacksonville, Florida, agreed to buy LPS in May to expand in the business of providing and analyzing mortgage data. Fidelity National said this month it hired JPMorgan Chase & Co. to review possible divestitures as it narrows its focus to the housing market.
LPS provides technology and data used by lenders throughout the mortgage process, from origination to foreclosure. It reached a $127 million settlement with states in January to resolve claims of fraudulent practices related to foreclosures.
Title insurers such as Fidelity National and First American Financial Corp. use their records and public documents to verify a seller is a property's true owner and that it is free from liens. The companies collect a premium at the closing of the purchase and pay costs that may arise if someone disputes the new owner's right to the property.
Without the sale, Fidelity and one other underwriter could exclude competing firms from having an interest in a title database serving the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area, the FTC said.
Oregon law requires title insurers to own an interest in a database in each county in which they issue policies, the FTC said.
–Editors: Sara Forden, Fred Strasser
Was this article valuable?
Here are more articles you may enjoy.


text:
comScore has released their November 2011 U.S. Mobile Subscriber market share report, which reports key trends from the three months ending November 30, 2011. The Android and iOS platforms were the only platforms to grow from the quarter ending August 31, 2011 (with 3.1% and 1.4% growth respectively), with Blackberry (-3.1%), Windows Phone (-0.5%), and Symbian (-0.3%) all continuing their decline.
Android continues to be the most used mobile OS in the US, with 46.9% of all smartphone users owning an Android smartphone. Apple retained the number two spot at 28.7% market penetration, followed distantly by RIM (16.6%), Windows Phone (5.2%), and Symbian (1.5%).
Judging by the last few comScore reports, Android still has plenty of room to grow, most likely at the expense of RIM as more and more enterprise customers are looking to trade in their Blackberries for Android devices. Android has become a powerful enterprise platform, and more and more businesses are recognizing that Android can provide enhanced smartphone functionality with many (or all) of the security features companies are looking for.
Regardless of the reasons, it's good to see that Android continues to grow at seemingly exponential rates. There's still plenty of room for growth by pulling customers away from RIM and other platforms, as well as pulling them from the feature phone market which still makes up the majority of cell phone users in the U.S.
We'll likely see this growth continue for at least another quarter, as the impressive 3.7 million Android devices activated over the Christmas weekend have not yet factored into comScore's numbers, and won't until the next report, which is due out in February.
« CyanogenMod 9′s music app to be fully customizable, available in Android Market 2011 holidays "the best ever" for Amazon as the Kindle Fire continues to be their top-seller »


text:
TEREX Corporation (NYSE: TEX) is a manufacturer of capital equipment for the Construction, Mining and Infrastructure sectors. TEREX markets the broadest product portfolio in the industry ranging from traditional construction equipment to cranes, aerial work platforms and surface mining products.50 Manufacturing Facilities in North America, South America, Europe,AsiaandAustralia.
Products sold in 170 countries. Terex believes that a company's conduct and its reputation are among its most valuable assets. It sets the tone for the relationships that a company enjoys with its employees, customers, suppliers, shareholders, the communities in which it operates, the public at large and its competitors. Terex is committed to the practice of good ethics and conduct among its officers, directors and employees. This commitment has many aspects, including avoiding conflicts of interest, maintaining confidentiality of information, ensuring compliance with laws, fostering a work atmosphere of mutual respect, properly using company assets and observing accounting and control procedures to ensure accurate recording, dissemination and reporting of information.


text:
Designer's Notes
CoSims and Pacifisms
Admiral's Order could be called a CoSim(conflict simulation). It teaches historical facts about the Napoleonic Age and especially about naval tactics as they were used during the Age of fighting Sail. As a good historical board game, Admiral's Order also tells a story. For each single game you play, all details on manoeuvring your fleets, firing broadsides or chase guns and finally fighting at close quarters, could be written down as individual chapters in an imaginary history book.
But more than with any other game I know, playing Admiral's Order becomes very emotional. Not just historical facts, details and tactics are provided - it is much more than that you receive an emotional understanding of what lead the participants to act the way they did in similar situations in actual history.
On the one hand there is heroism, cleverness, enthusiasm and recklessness. Positioning your squadrons in a better wind position and keeping them together in close line formation to use their artillery in the most effective way requires all your strategic excellence and dedication. Making the decision when and how to start an attack is pure adrenaline.
On the other hand, there are no winners in war, only victims. No matter how smartly an attack was prepared, each side will suffer and this is even harder to stand as more enthusiasm had been there from the beginning. To endure a loss and to retreat and minimize further damage requires some strength of character.
Wooden model ships with tiny little masts on a hex board are rather abstract. All players may decide for themselves how detailed a picture of scene they allow their imagination to paint. Ultimately, what was left behind after the impact of a raking broadside at short range or a mêlée while boarding an enemy ship matched the bloodiest and most horrifying scenes from a slaughterhouse. (How ambivalent is this compared to the sense of delight if rolling a high dice result when firing a broadside in the game?)
As a kind of role playing game, Admiral's Order offers a "play ground" to experience all these feelings and emotions, from a safe distance. One can learn about different human motives and may understand why things happened the way they did.
In the Age of Sail, although at war, seamen rescued others of any nationality from drowning and it was no disgrace to strike your ship's colours if it meant saving lives. Enemies were treated in a dignifies and respectful manner.
For me, taking pacifist position goes without saying. This includes an examination on human nature, concerning warfare and conflicts. Designing a "war game", or as I would prefer to call it, a "conflict simulation", has nothing to do with glorifying war. The exact opposite is the case and I would like you to see and to enjoy Admiral's Order in this spirit.
Thank you.
Alles Gute
Mario Jugel,
Strategema Games


text:
- Home /
- Azure DevOps /
Feedback Bot reported Oct 24, 2018 at 07:04 PM
Ability to constrain linked work items based on rules/conditions
...develop an empowering Process Template editor!!
Make Workitem templates first class citizens
Hide Work Item Types (WITs) based on permission/security group
Add ability to hide/mask fields in a work item based on group membership conditions
Bring inherited process to Azure DevOps Server
Working Hours and Days Off to be entered in User Profile
Allow impediments to be viewable next to their respective tasks within the Board page.
Enhance the Open Query in Microsoft Excel to allow cross-project queries to be exported.


text:
ANASTROZOLE (an AS troe zole) is used to treat breast cancer in women who have gone through menopause. Some types of breast cancer depend on estrogen to grow, and this medicine can stop tumor growth by blocking estrogen production.
Take this medicine by mouth with a glass of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. You can take this medicine with or without food. Take your doses at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Do not stop taking except on the advice of your doctor or health care professional.
Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.
Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
any new or unusual symptoms
breathing problems
chest pain
leg pain or swelling
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
back or bone pain
cough, or throat infection
diarrhea or constipation
hot flashes
loss of appetite
weakness and tiredness
weight gain
Do not take this medicine with any of the following medications:
female hormones, like estrogens or progestins and birth control pills
This medicine may also interact with the following medications:
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store at room temperature between 20 and 25 degrees C (68 and 77 degrees F). Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
liver disease
an unusual or allergic reaction to anastrozole, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
pregnant or trying to get pregnant
Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular checks on your progress. Let your doctor or health care professional know about any unusual vaginal bleeding.
Do not treat yourself for diarrhea, nausea, vomiting or other side effects. Ask your doctor or health care professional for advice.
For Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts members
Find a Doctor & Estimate Costs
Health & Wellness
Review Benefits
Review Claims
Attend a Seminar
Medicare Plans
Request a Call
Manage Your Account
Plans & Products
Forms & Documents
Tools & Support for Educating Employees
Medical Policy
Office Resources
Provider News
Annual Report
Contact Us
Corporate Citizenship
Diversity Leadership
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts is an Independent Licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association.® Registered Marks of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association.®´ ®´´ Registered Marks are the property of their respective owners.© 101 Huntington Avenue, Suite 1300, Boston, MA 02199-7611 | 1-800-262-BLUE (2583)
About Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts
Terms of Use, Privacy & Security
Nondiscrimination and Translation Resources
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts is a leading provider of quality health insurance for residents of Massachusetts. Our main goal is to make health care cost-effective by offering health insurance solutions for individuals, families, and large and small businesses at affordable rates.
Our Vision — Making Quality Health Care AffordableOur Promise — To Always Put Our Members First
To learn more about our Massachusetts health plans, please visit our Plans & Products page, where you can compare Massachusetts health insurance plans, buy health plans online, and get Mass health insurance quotes.
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts also offers insurance, pharmacy coverage, and Medicare Plans for seniors; life and disability insurance through Indigo Insurance Services (a wholly owned subsidiary); and insurance for individuals aged 18-26 years. Learn more about our other insurance plans and Medicare plans, or contact a sales representative today.


text:
Campari America is a leading spirits company in the US, boasting a rich, comprehensive portfolio of more than 20 brands, including award-winning vodkas, whiskies, rums, gins, cordials, and liqueurs.
Bold, passionate and completely unique, Campari makes a dry and refreshing cocktail that can be enjoyed anytime. Hand-crafted according to the same secret family recipe invented in Italy in 1860, Campari is a complex blend of herbs and spices with orange as the predominant flavor. Campari is a one-of-a-kind, refreshing spirit that can be enjoyed … Continued
In 1992, SKYY Vodka was born in California with the belief that everything can be made better with a little fresh thinking. Created by an inventor looking to offer the world the smoothest vodka, SKYY revolutionized the spirits industry with its proprietary quadruple-distillation and triple-filtration process that uses the finest, simple ingredients of American grain … Continued
Espolòn is an award-winning collection of super-premium tequilas that celebrates Mexico's storied history and culture through classic 19th century artistry and the iconic rooster – a symbol of national pride. The traditional "Dias de Los Muertos" (Day of the Dead) -style imagery on each label depicts significant moments in Mexican history and pays homage to … Continued
Aperol is the perfect aperitif. Bright orange in color, its unique bittersweet taste is derived from a secret recipe that has remained unchanged since its creation. Aperol was created in 1919 in Padova, Italy, by the Barbieri Brothers who launched the revolutionary idea of an aperitif with an alcohol content of only 11 percent. Their … Continued
For 265 years Appleton Estate has handcrafted the finest aged rums from 'cane to cup', harvesting our own Estate-grown sugar cane, sourcing water from our own limestone spring, and meticulously managing our ownership of each step in the fermentation, distillation, blending and ageing processes. As such, each of our Estate rums showcases the unique terroir … Continued
Uncompromising since 1855, Wild Turkey is the Real Kentucky Straight Bourbon Whiskey. Using only natural processes, Wild Turkey products are aged in new American white oak barrels with the deepest #4 "alligator" char, giving them a rich russet color while carrying full flavors of vanilla and smooth caramel. The father-son Master Distiller team of Jimmy … Continued
To access this site, you must be of legal drinking age in America. Gruppo Campari encourages responsible consumption of its portfolio of premium spirits products. By entering this site, I agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy


text:
Millions of Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes. And millions more have diabetes but don't know it, the CDC says. Yet diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S. See how much you know about this long-term disease by taking this quiz.
People with diabetes most often have type 2. You are at higher risk for type 2 diabetes if you:
You are also at risk if you have prediabetes or had gestational diabetes. You are also at risk if you are of a certain ethnic background. This type of diabetes was once seen just in adults. Today more children and teens are being diagnosed with it.
Diabetes can affect many parts of your body. It can lead to serious health problems. These include:
You can help prevent these problems by keeping your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels under control.
For Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts members
Find a Doctor & Estimate Costs
Health & Wellness
Review Benefits
Review Claims
Attend a Seminar
Medicare Plans
Request a Call
Manage Your Account
Plans & Products
Forms & Documents
Tools & Support for Educating Employees
Medical Policy
Office Resources
Provider News
Annual Report
Contact Us
Corporate Citizenship
Diversity Leadership
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts is an Independent Licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association.® Registered Marks of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association.®´ ®´´ Registered Marks are the property of their respective owners.© 101 Huntington Avenue, Suite 1300, Boston, MA 02199-7611 | 1-800-262-BLUE (2583)
About Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts
Terms of Use, Privacy & Security
Nondiscrimination and Translation Resources
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts is a leading provider of quality health insurance for residents of Massachusetts. Our main goal is to make health care cost-effective by offering health insurance solutions for individuals, families, and large and small businesses at affordable rates.
Our Vision — Making Quality Health Care AffordableOur Promise — To Always Put Our Members First
To learn more about our Massachusetts health plans, please visit our Plans & Products page, where you can compare Massachusetts health insurance plans, buy health plans online, and get Mass health insurance quotes.
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts also offers insurance, pharmacy coverage, and Medicare Plans for seniors; life and disability insurance through Indigo Insurance Services (a wholly owned subsidiary); and insurance for individuals aged 18-26 years. Learn more about our other insurance plans and Medicare plans, or contact a sales representative today.