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OK, it's been a while, and I should have mentioned it earlier, but I produced F.L.A.R.E.S by Boreal Wood a while back and it has since been released on Toolong Records with more info here.
Oh and at the same time I should mention that I co-wrote, played guitar and produced a song Scarecrow on the latest album Opium by Jay-Jay Johanson.
I'm happy to announce the release of the Robin Guthrie and Mark Gardener album, Universal Road on March 23rd 2015 on Soleil Après Minuit.
Anyone buying directly from robinguthrie.com will be in for a little treat, with a free limited edition CD of the 2012 track the places we go, which will only be available if you order directly from us…
The tracklist is …
1. universal road
2. dice
3. amnesia
4. old friend
5. yesterday's news
6. cry for survival
7. sometime
8. triumphant
9. reason
White Bird In A Blizzard – Original Music by Robin Guthrie and Harold Budd.
CD available now here NOW …
The soundtrack album to Gregg Araki's White Bird in a Blizzard has just been released in the US on Lakeshore Records.
You can get it directly from us which is way cooler.
Of course you could be all modern, try to identify with the generation of people that are slowly bringing you around to feeling OK to treat movies and music as ephemeral, with little longevity, encouraging you to stream, download or just simply, use, but in the US you have a chance to see a wonderfully crafted indie film with sound production values, a significant cast, masterful directorship and, um, a rather lovely soundtrack on the big screen in a theater near you, for at least you lucky inhabitants of a country where salty popcorn isn't illegal.
So go, don't be fucking complacent, open your mind, enjoy the story, the filmcraft, support indie cinema, thank yourself daily that, really, people are not bombing you and fucking up your shit, and you don't have to forage for food, and perhaps, you could even buy the album, as foraging is getting a little tiring at my age.
But seriously, it's a lovely melange, indie cinema, uncompromising directorship, inspiring actors …. great movie. I'm very proud to be involved, thanks Gregg…
Opening in the US
Minneapolis, MN: Lagoon Cinema
Ottawa, ON: The Mayfair
Seattle, WA: Varsity Theatre
West Los Angeles, CA: Nuart Theatre
Atlanta, GA: Midtown Art Cinemas 8
Berkeley, CA: Shattuck Cinemas 10
Cambridge, MA: Kendall Square Cinema 9
Corona, CA: Dos Lagos Stadium 15
Denver, CO: Mayan Theatre
Pasadena, CA: Playhouse 7 Cinemas
North Hollywood, CA: Laemmle NoHo 7
Palm Desert, CA: Cinemas Palme D'Or 7
Philadelphia, PA: Ritz at the Bourse
Portland, OR: Living Room 6
San Diego, CA: Ken Cinema
San Francisco, CA: Embarcadero Center Cinema 5
San Jose, CA: Camera 3
Vancouver, WA: Kiggins
Columbus, OH: Gateway Film Center 8
Saskatoon, SK: The Roxy
Gainesville, FL: Hippodrome
Telluride, CO: Michael D. Palm Theatre
These CD releases are available for purchase from the online shop.
Mixed Symmetry for The Veldt.
Wrote a lovely song called Scarecrow with Jay-Jay Johanson.
Recording new instrumentals in the French Riviera.
Gone Fishin'
Concluded recording of album Another Flower with Harold Budd for a release, somewhere, sometime…
Produced Flares EP for new French band Boreal Wood to be released 2015.
Concluded mixing of album Universal Road with Mark Gardener for 2015 release.
Recorded original score album for Gregg Araki movie, White Bird in a Blizzard, released October 2014 on Lakeshore Records.
Composed music, with Harold Budd, for the Gregg Araki movie, White Bird in a Blizzard.
Recorded score for Surface Waves by Seattle cinematographer Reed O'Beirne.
Re-released After The Night Falls and Before The Day Breaks, my 2007 albums with Harold Budd, as CD digipak editions on Darla Records.
Released very limited vinyl editions of my Fortune album, as well as Bordeaux, my 2011 album with Harold Budd recorded, not improbably, in Bordeaux, France.
Released a gate-fold sleeve, double vinyl album version of After The Night Falls and Before The Day Breaks, the aforementioned 2007 albums, recorded in San Francisco CA, with Harold Budd on Darla Records.
Produced the next, as yet untitled, Heligoland EP, the next in a series of their location recordings, recorded in a lighthouse in Normandy, France.
Performed live with Harold Budd in Prague.
Recorded album with Harold Budd for 2014 release.
Re-worked Manatsu (Ioshu Lullaby) for The Veldt.
Remixed Lama by Ummagma.
Remixed Quantum Entanglement by The Cutler.
Scoring soundtrack to the upcoming Gregg Araki movie, White Bird in a Blizzard.
Played guitar on Sarà di nuovo Estate by Piccoli Animali Senza Espressione.
Recording album with Mark Gardener.
Accompanied Mark Gardener on electric guitar in concert in Le Mans, France.
Songwriting in Tucson, AZ.
Performed in the UK on a 17 date tour as The Robin Guthrie Trio.
Remixed Shelley Harland – Somebody.
Released Fortune on Vinyl LP by Darla Records.
Performed in Tokyo as The Robin Guthrie Trio
Performed in Istanbul as The Robin Guthrie Trio
Guest Appearance on Sneakers by Paron's Royal Organs
Performed special one off performance in Strasbourg on Dec 15th, Échos Flottants with Steve Wheeler.
Released Fortune on CD by Soleil Après Minuit.
Mastered anniversaries:reunions by broaddaylight for Saint Marie Records
Re-Released Bordeaux by Robin Guthrie and Harold Budd as a vinyl LP on Darla Records
Re-Released After The Night Falls and Before The Day Breaks by Robin Guthrie and Harold Budd as a double Vinyl LP set on Darla Records
Released The places We Go – Mark Gardener and Robin Guthrie
Remixed Grass by Cubenx
Mixed new Heligoland EP, Sainte Anne
Performed as the Robin Guthrie Trio (and goodness knows where that name came from) in Barcelona….
Remixed Butterflies for Dark Orange.
Recording tracks for a new Heligoland EP, Sainte Anne.
Scored soundtrack to Last of Our Kind, short, but rather epic film by US director Reed O'Beirne.
Released Winter Garden, an album recorded in Tuscany with Eraldo Bernocchi and Harold Budd
Performed Galerie in in Tartu, Estonia
Performed in Gorlice, Poland at the Ambient Festival 2011.
Performed as a trio with Steve Wheeler & Antti Mäkinen in the USA & Canada while on tour with Brendan Perry.
Recorded live session at KEXP Seattle.
Finished mixing forthcoming album with Eraldo Bernocchi and Harold Budd.
Remixed Red Gtr. for Brooklyn's The Cinema Twin.
Released my new album, Emeralds on Rocket Girl and Darla.
Recorded And We Enter The Night with Harold Budd for several Japanese Tsunami benefit projects.
Jonathan Caouette features my song Everlasting in his new documentary Walk Away Renee, recently selected at Cannes.
Recorded & mixed new Robin Guthrie album, Emeralds.
Released Robin Guthrie and Harold Budd album, Bordeaux.
Mastered Bethmale, a new EP by Heligoland.
Mastered Dead Letters, a new EP by Sealight.


text:
Almost put this in the jobs section, but as it's not related to a game or other such project, I felt it would be better here.
So, I'm posting this as a request to see if there's anyone in the Torque3D community who's experienced and fluent in TorqueScript who might be interested in giving some paid, personal lessons? The means could be something like a Skype call with a shared screen or something to that effect?
I'm asking because, as with every other language I've tried to learn (Python, Javascript, PHP, etc), I find that I inevitably hit a wall in the training in the form of the author/creator seeming to forget they're teaching alien concepts to people completely unfamiliar with them. It's usually got something to do with arrays. Now, I suppose for some that's fine and they can work through it. For me, I like to make sure I understand the concepts completely before moving on to something new, or building on them. I don't learn well through rote memorization; never have. Unfortunately, book or video learning is entirely one-direction, and so there's no way to ask questions, or ask for clarification on something that doesn't "click".
I could ask questions here about it, but that would require me first knowing if I'm even asking the right question, and possibly attempting to type up an entire example, outside of the context of the lesson it was part of.
I've come to the conclusion that book and video learning just does not work for me. I feel like I need some live, real-time training with a living, breathing human being, to help me grasp this stuff.
So, I don't know if anyone in the community does this, or would be willing to, but if you're fluent in TS, and feel you can teach a beginner in an organized and, preferably, project-oriented context (like a simple game, pong, etc), that would be great. Even if it's something like... a 30 minute lesson to teach a concept, with "homework" to do for the next one, etc, that would be great.
If anyone feels they'd like to give this a try, please PM me with your cost and availability (I live in EST and am available every weeknight after 6:30PM, or "when ever" on the weekends).
I really want to learn this, so I can begin to actually work on these projects I've been wanting to do forever. I just need assistance wrapping my head around this TorqueScript thing that I'm just not finding in written or video tutorials.
Thank you for your time/help/consideration.

subset: commoncrawl


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SRD:Javelin of Lightning
From D&D Wiki
|This material is published under the OGL
Javelin of Lightning: This javelin becomes a 5d6 lightning bolt when thrown (Reflex DC 14 half ). It is consumed in the attack.
Faint evocation; CL 5th; Craft Magical Arms and Armor, lightning bolt; Price 1,500 gp; Cost 750 gp + 30 XP.
Back to Main Page → 3.5e Open Game Content → System Reference Document → Magic Items


text:
Hannah Dakota Fanning (born February 23, 1994), better known simply as Dakota Fanning, is an American teen actress. Fanning's breakthrough performance was in I Am Sam in 2001. As a child actress, she appeared in high-profile films such as Man on Fire, War of the Worlds, and Charlotte's Web. Fanning began transitioning to more adult roles with Hounddog and The Secret Life of Bees. She has won numerous awards and is the youngest person ever to have been nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award.
Fanning was born in Conyers, Georgia, the daughter of Joy (née Arrington), who played tennis professionally, and Steve Fanning, who played minor league baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals and now works as an electronics salesman in Los Angeles. Her maternal grandfather was former American football player, Rick Arrington, and her aunt is former ESPN reporter Jill Arrington. Dakota is the older sister of Elle Fanning, also an actress.
Her father had wanted to name her "Dakota" and her mother wanted to name her "Hannah".


text:
I witnessed an incident on a flight this weekend that reminded me how often we fail as a society, regardless of race or economic level, at defending and honoring our elders.
In a time ruled by technology, where productivity and profit come to those that can move the fastest; and in a day and age of maximum pleasure and thus maximum selfishness; it is the elderly who are denied value and honor.
An AP article posted today states that the number of Americans 65 and over is projected to nearly double by 2030. The number of seniors being abused, exploited or neglected every year is often estimated at about $2 million, judging by available statistics, but experts say the number could be much higher. Some research indicates that 1 in 10 seniors have suffered some form of abuse at least once and most of this abuse comes from family members.
All of us, no matter who you are, has been blessed, touched, trained, mentored, and loved by someone who is now an elder. No matter how well or poorly you have treated them in the past, I ask that you would honor an elder in your life today. Try to focus on the living, and if not, share the story of an elder that has gone on in your life with a young person who needs to know their story. But the living need to know how much they mean to us while they are here.
So call them to tell them they're being thought of. Buy flowers, stop by and hug them, but let them know you are because they did. There are a few TJMS family members that wanted to honor an elder today.
Edward L. Nimrod honors his third grade teacher, Mrs. Sewell… "When I was a kid in my envoirnment, I had nowhere & no one to turn to for ANY sort of guidance so my third grade teacher, Mrs. Sewell, invited me to her church and introduced me to God…"
Honor the Elders Today was originally published on blackamericaweb.com


text: Time is fleeting past… summer is winding down FAST! If you think it's too late to get some Weirs Beach summer fun & sun in – and the sun has been shining a lot – don't worry – we've still got availabilities for this upcoming week and for the week going into Labor Day weekend. Make you plans today!


text:
Brunswick east
Temple Brewing Company
in Open for Lunch, Open for Dinner, Open Weekends, Open Most Days, Brewery Tours, Brewery Restaurants, Brewery Bars, Breweries, Available for Functions
At Temple, we make handcrafted ales & lagers using the best ingredients and traditional techniques. We employ the same principles and attention to detail across everything in our bar & restaurant, making refined comfort food that we love to eat.
122 Weston Street
Brunswick East, Victoria 3057
Review this
Kettle Green Brewing Co
in Breweries
PO Box 119
(No Brewery at this Location)
Brunswick East, Victoria 3057
Review this


text:
[Verse 1]
Jay electrolysis probin the globe like a geologist
Puttin all of you pussies on display like gynocologists
Listen, I'm on a mission, most of you niggas just spittin'
The wise comprehend the diction, hypnotized with the rhythm
Lyrical circumcision; toss the schmuck in the fire
Yeah your mans and them is nice but they ain't fuckin with 'siah
I'm a higher power devour all you idolaters
You satan worshippers, nation perverters thirstin' for dollars
Jay coldplay putting the clock on your chess game
I'm a varsity letterman, you a fresh-mayne
Every line of every verse of every song is a quotable
Catch me in Mexico meditating with Quetzalcoatl fuckers
I'm rainin fire on you lame suckers
My tongue is the burner the barrel the biscuit don't make me buck it spratt
I'm outta that Mac I came into rap carrying the south on my back
And I'm ready to scriddap
It ain't where you from son it's where you live at
I never kiss another niggas bum to get me did-dap
I used to sip the coke and rum blowin dime sid-dacks
But now I'm wagin war with wicked men in high places
So what you sayin
[Verse 2]
Every page of my poetry's like a rhyme from the clip
The mic is always in my holster right on top of my hip
Niggas get flipped
When the hollowtip spit at they melons
You niggas is Missy misdemeanor my niggas is felons holla
Me and Big Dame Lord of the Rings the Twins Towers
Knockin other motherfuckers out the ring like Apollo Creed
You wanna get bleed the blood run up
And get done up until sunup
Down south they call me white man cause I hang MC's
Get em open with ease
Then pick em off like fleas nigga please
You ain't go no wins in mi casa
Que pasa
My flow'll fuckin swole ya bumba rasta
Loch ness monster
It's like RAAAAAA when I strike ya
Suplexin niggas like Rowdy Rod Piper
John Allen Muhammad snipe ya
It's a cost to be the boss and I paid the price-ah
Nobodies nicer
I'm cold as the north pole; nobodies icer
Shout outs to Mr. Porter, D-Twizzy, and Obie Tricer
Shady, you can catch me in the D now baby it's all gravy
Still reppin UPT what is you sayin'
Ali, Saddiq
We 'bout to spit fire on these motherfuckers for one thousand two hundred and sixty days
[Verse 3]
I'm trapped in the game like Pacmayne chasin' the ghost
Drownin with water in my throat got leaks in the boat
Squeezin the toast
It's not a op-tion I got Pac on, Makaveli the Don
Bumpin' that "Me And My Glock" song, zonin'
Like Robert Dinero with Ronin
Struck 'em up with the omen
From adolescents to grown men
Walk a mile in my shoes; it proves you a soldier
I paid a lot of dues to prove to Jehovah
That I can carry the cross, the castle, the crown
Everywhere I roam is home; life's my battleground
Sallhuddin Abdul Fard Muhammad
The come up at by night, ridin' Elijah the comet (uh)
I caved chest in the brave chessman
Masterin' one twenty lessons is my profession
So get to steppin'
Or catch lead like Zeppelin
These rap cats look real but they really not, like wrestlin'
Check the solar commander
I'm light years off of the scanner
Satillite dishes and cameras a bad mamma jamma
The most thorough examiner
My microphone is seven thousand nine-hundred and twenty six miles in diameter
The Son of Man
Son of Teman from Mount Puran
Master the air in the land from here to Iran
Jay Electronica revolve the world
Them Philly cats say I like that bol he raw but he thorough
What you sayin'
This song is Jay Electronica at his most aggressive. He berates wack MC's in a bunch of different ways, and it's beautiful.
This is a J Dilla beat.


text:
Right after the funeral/birthday weekend we had a 7 week ultrasound for the baby and everything looked great. We had been worried because my progesterone levels were low. And progesterone is what keeps you pregnant. But the happiness only lasted one day. I woke up the next day bleeding and bled the whole day. I had another ultrasound and Dr. Foulk told me my placenta was lifting up and he put me on bed rest.
Here is a glorious picture of me after being on bed rest for many days with no shower. My mom helped us a lot (Karen was out of town) and even ended up taking my kids to the cabin for Fall Break for three days (all except Ava) which was so helpful! We had all sorts of neighbors taking our kids and bringing us dinner. It was so amazing.
We had another ultrasound that Friday and things were looking a little better and I hadn't bled any more since Tuesday so I was told I could walk, but not very far.
Brandon, Ava and I ventured out for lunch on Saturday while the big kids were still gone at the cabin.
I thought I was doing really well till I started bleeding again the next Tuesday and passing some big clots. Again, we thought it was a miscarriage. But an ultrasound the next day showed that the baby was doing fine, but that there was a lot of blood in there to come out. So I took it really easy again the rest of that week. Brandon picked up all the slack and pretty much did everything. Such an amazing guy.
This is a random picture, but these kids sure won't be able to fit in the tub all together much longer. Mckinley actually never takes baths anymore, but Brandon was on duty so he just had they all take a bath together. In fact, our big three kids pretty much shower all the time now. They just had so much dirt in their finger nails that we wanted to soak out.
I only bled on Tuesday that week again and then no more after that. We went in on Monday this week for our 9 week ultrasound, not really sure what to expect. We took the kids with us though because they wanted to see the baby (we sure hoped for a heart beat for them to listen to) and the baby looked great! It was measuring 9 weeks 3 days and had a healthy heart beat of over 180. There is still a bleed in there so I still have a few restrictions but for the most part I can be up and about and live a normal life again. Finally. Such a relief! This was the first time we felt like we could really celebrate this pregnancy. So Brandon and I went out to dinner the next night while Karen babysat.
Two days later was Halloween. I was so happy I could go to the school parade but man did I feel like crap!
Annie, Mckinley, Kennedy, Ellie. Cute friends!
The kids were excited to go trick or treating.
I wasn't going to go out at all but I really didn't want to miss out on Ava's first year trick or treating. And it was so fun to watch her. She was so cute, always saying "thank you." I came back to the house before too long with Ava and passed out candy the rest of the night. She was adorable then too, wanting to put candy in the trick or treaters baskets. She is at such a fun age and we just can't get enough of her!!!


text:
Fixed horse race details emerge in Zetas trial
AUSTIN — A smuggler once in charge of transporting drug proceeds from San Antonio to Eagle Pass testified in a federal court here Wednesday that he also took money to New Mexico that federal prosecutors allege was used to fix a horse race.
Testifying in the case of five men accused of laundering money for the Zetas drug cartel through U.S. quarter horse breeding and racing, Gerardo Mata Morales told jurors that he had transported cars and money for a Piedras Negras trafficker.
Mata, a U.S. citizen from Eagle Pass, said that since 2004, he shipped cash and cars from San Antonio and Dallas to the border for cocaine trafficker Mario Alfonso Cuellar.
Mata said he was smuggling from $3 million to $4.5 million a month to Mexico in 2010 when he got a call from Cuellar with a special assignment: deliver $110,000 to a woman in New Mexico.
The delivery went off without a hitch, Mata said, but he never knew what the money was for. Prosecutors allege it was to pay off gatekeepers at the Ruidoso Downs Race Track. Track officials have denied there was a fix.
The bribe, prosecutors allege, was part of a broader conspiracy by the Zetas' leaders to launder millions of dollars through their brother's quarter horse operations from 2008 to 2012. Nearly 20 people were indicted in the case last year and most have pleaded guilty or are fugitives.
José Treviño Morales, the brother of Zetas leader Miguel Treviño Morales; Francisco Colorado Cessa, a Mexican businessman who made a fortune contracting for that country's state-owned oil company; Fernando Solis Garcia, a Rio Grande Valley-born quarter horse expert; Jesus Maldonado Huitron, an Austin-area homebuilder; and his brother, Eusevio Maldonado Huitron, a sought-after horse trainer, are all on trial this week for conspiring to launder money. All have denied the allegations.
On Tuesday, Cuellar described how he arranged for payments to people in the U.S. to take care of the Zetas' horses. He also described the alleged fix in Ruidoso.
Cuellar said that Miguel Treviño, who is known by his radio call sign "El 40," wanted to fix the 2010 All American Futurity in favor of Mr. Piloto, a long shot horse facing 22-1 odds owned by José Treviño.
In quarter horse races that last about 20 seconds, he said, if a gatekeeper holds back a favored horse "for a millisecond," it could affect the entire race.
Miguel Treviño was so intent on winning the race, Cuellar testified, that he more than tripled the bribe the gatekeepers were asking for.
"They wanted $3,000, and Miguel said, 'No, you're not going to give them $3,000, you're going to give them $10,000,'" he said on the witness stand.
Mr. Piloto won the race and the $1 million purse, the richest prize in quarter-horse racing.
Jurors also heard Wednesday from the Zetas' former Dallas-area cocaine distributor, Jorge Vasquez Jr. Vasquez, who's serving time on drug charges and said he distributed 800 to 1,000 kilograms of cocaine every month, testified that he at one point sent $450,000 to San Antonio for one of the Treviños' co-defendants.
His father, Jorge Vasquez Sr., testified that about 3½ years ago at his son's direction, he delivered a bag full of cash to someone in a Dallas Walmart parking lot.
Vasquez identified a driver's license picture of José Treviño as being the man to whom he delivered the money, although he did not know who Treviño was.
Testimony is expected to continue Thursday morning.


text:
CHARLOTTE, N.C., March 27 (UPI) -- Kemba Walker and Gerald Henderson each fired in 34 points Wednesday and the Charlotte Bobcats handed reeling Orlando an eighth straight loss, 114-108.
Walker also supplied nine assists and seven rebounds while Henderson sank 12-of-18 shots from the floor and went 9-of-10 from the foul line as the Bobcats won for the first time in three games.
The Magic, meanwhile, remained winless since March 10, despite 29 points and nine boards from Tobias Harris.
Kyle O'Quinn (23 points, 11 rebounds), Maurice Harkless (18 points) and Jameer Nelson (13, 11 assists) also reached double figures for Orlando.


text:
The sister of Natasha Richardson spoke out for the first time since the actress' shocking death eight months ago and said she thinks of the heartbreaking loss of her big sis everyday.
"I hadn't lived a day in my life without her," actress Joely Richardson told Tatler magazine, according to the Daily Mail. "You worry about your children and your elders, but I never imagined such a thing as this. Tash was a given to me."
The "Nip/Tuck" actress said she and her big sis were "enmeshed in each other" and she was stunned when Natasha, wife of Liam Neeson, died suddenly of complications stemming from a skiing accident last March. She was 45.
U.S. & World
"The shock shatters you on a cellular level," Joely, 44, told the magazine. "It takes time for the pieces to come back together."
The younger sister said she was back at work the day after Natasha's funeral in upstate New York, and the grief she felt affected her performance on the set of BBC production "The Day of the Triffids."
"A strange autopilot kicks in," she said. "Your psyche puts your work day into a different compartment from your private life. I'm not kidding -- my first shot back on set was reacting to someone dying."
But the memory of her big sister will continue to dominate her thoughts, Joely said.
"I cannot imagine that there will ever be a day I don't think of Tasha."


text:
The Operation: Military Kids (OMK) program ended on March 31,2015.
For continued support, please be advised:
For Army National Guard Families:Get your youth involved with the State Child & Youth Program! Contact a Child & Youth Program Coordinator (or the State Family Program Director) near you to check out the program offerings and activities they can participate in; visit: https://www.jointservicessupport.org/FP/Default.aspx and click on "Contact your local State Family Program Director, Airman & Family Readiness Program Manager, Family Readiness Support Assistant, Family Assistance Specialist or Child & Youth Program Coordinator" at the bottom of the page, then choose your state, for assistance in connecting with your Child & Youth Program Coordinator.
For Army Reserve Families:Get your youth involved with a Command Child, Youth, School Service Program! Contact a Command CYSS specialist near you to check out the program offerings and activities they can participate in go to http://www.arfp.org/cyss.php or Fort Family Support & Outreach Center at 1-866-345-8248 for assistance in connecting with CYSS specialist.
You may also visit the 4-H Military Partnership website at http://www.4-hmilitarypartnerships.org.
Thank you.


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How to reduce fighter aircraft costs
Posted by picard578 on May 15, 2015
There are three basic principles of fighter aircraft cost reduction:
- keep it small
- keep it simple
- keep it single
However, they are not the only relevant issues; others will be adressed here as well.
Keep it small
Empty weight is a major factor in aircraft's cost, since higher empty weight (larger aircraft) means more materials used as well as more man hours of work to build it. Thus smaller aircraft are also cheaper, assuming identical technology level. Further, smaller aircraft use less fuel and have lower operating costs.
Keeping aircraft smaller will also improve its air combat ability, as it will improve ability to achieve surprise as well as transient performance, which is crucial for outmaneuvering the opponent.
Keep it simple
This should be true for both development and the final product. Design group should have one person overseeing the process, and one engineer for every area (reliability engineer instead of group dedicated to reliability, for example). It should be small enough so that all people in the group can effectively work together at a single place. Management should be hands-off, so that once design goals have been provided in broad outlines, neither the military or upper levels of the company interfere with the design process. Military in particular should only define what weapon should do in broad outlines, and leave it to company to decide on how weapon will achieve these goals.
Formalization during process should be minimized – military should get the same data, and in the same format, as the design group, and it shouldn't go through approval cycles.
Keep it single
This is a key factor in keeping the aircraft simple while achieving adequate effectiveness. Fighter aircraft should be single-role, single-engined and single-seat (except for training variants). It should also be designed for a single service, and then adapted for other service(s) if at all possible.
Typically, multirole aircraft cost as much as all the types they are replacing placed together (unless there is an overlap in capabilities between said types). This is because multirole aircraft have to carry far more extensive sensor and avionics suite and have to fit more requirements than single-role ones. An air superiority fighter is ideally small, single-engined, with either no or a small radar, as well as good cockpit visibility and passive sensors suite. Ground attack aircraft can vary in size from small to extremely large, depending on role and requirements. They tend to have two engines, large total fuel capacity, a ground-following radar, and limited cockpit visibility. As a result of combining the requirements for two, a multirole aircraft tends to be of either medium or large sized, twin engined, with extensive sensors suite including radar and good cockpit visibility. Only exceptions from this rule aire aircraft that were designed for air superiority and then adapted for ground attack (F-16) or were primarily air superiority aircraft used by countries where range was not as much of an issue (Gripen). In both cases however there are still clear sacrificies made for the ground attack performance (increased weight and cost in the F-16s case, sacrificed rearward visibility in Gripen's case).
Single engine helps reduce cost in several ways. Single-engined fighters are more amiable to area ruling, which means that they tend to have less drag and thus lower fuel consumption. This can also lead to reduced size, weight and thus procurement cost as well. Further, a single engine tends to have greater thrust-to-drag ratio than two engines producing equal amount of thrust, which leads to further improvement in fuel efficiency. Maintenance downtime required is also lower. All of this leads to single-engined fighters having significantly lower direct operating cost than twin-engined fighters (7.000 USD for F-16C vs 16.500 USD for Rafale C. Note that Rafale C has 11% greater empty weight, 28% more dry thrust, yet costs 2,36 times as much to operate as the F-16C. F-15C costs 30.000 USD to operate (or 4,3 times as much), yet has 48% greater empty weight and 52% more dry thrust compared to the F-16C).
When designing an aircraft meant for multiple services, best way is for it to make sure that it fits naval requirements. All successful multi-service aircraft – F-4, F-18, Rafale – were designed as naval aircraft and then adopted into air forces (YF-17 was designed for USAF, but the F-18 was designed for naval use from the beginning). Reason for this is that carrier aircraft have to fit far more strigent criteria in terms of size, airframe strength, corrosion resistance, landing gear design and cockpit visibility.
In terms of airframe strength, naval aircraft use safety factor of 1,85 compared to 1,5 for ground-based aircraft, meaning that they need stronger airframe for same operational g limits. For example, F-18 has an ultimate load limit of 13,6 g. USN F-18s are limited to 7,33 g compared to 9 g for Finnish F-18s. Rafale has an ultimate load limit of 16,65 g. While both AdlA and Aeronavale Rafales are limited to 9 g during normal operations, only AdlA Rafales have an override function that allows them to pull up to 11,1 g in flight (and this is regularly done without shortening airframe life).
Corrosion resistance is an issue for naval aircraft because they spend entire service life in very humid conditions. While some land-based aircraft may also face rather humid conditions in tropical countries, naval aircraft also have to withstand salt.
Landing gear is also more problematic issue for naval aircraft. It has to be strong enough to withstand stresses of rough carrier landings. This also means that it should be located in the body to relieve wings from stress. However, distance between main wheels should be large enough to provide a safe overturn angle (25* or more). Placement also has to allow for sufficient tail clearance during landing in spite of typically higher landing AoA than is the case with land-based aircraft, as well as room to install a sufficiently strong tail hook.
Out-of-cockpit visibility must also be good. In addition to standard requirement for providing 360* horizontal visibility, naval fighter also has to have excellent over-the-nose and over-the-side visibility to facilitate a safe approach and landing.
All of this will lead to higher production cost for an air force variant than would otherwise be the case, but will also mean significantly lower R&D costs. Production cost increase may also be compensated by having a significantly greater production run.
Start from the weapon
This is one of reasons for why aircraft should be single-role. When designing an aircraft, one should always consider what weapons will it use and how will it use them. This means that designs for air superiority aircraft – using gun and air-to-air missiles – will be very different from those for ground attack aircraft, which typically carry bombs and missiles far fatter and less aerodynamic than air-to-air missiles are. If done properly, however, it will reduce cost of both design, weapons integration and testing, and will lead to improved performance in aircraft's role.
Use off the shelf components
Using off the shelf components where acceptable would reduce development time and costs, since not only some systems will not have to be developed, but some factors influencing the end design may also be known. For example, using an existing engine – even if planning for a future uprated variant of the same, or a completely new design of similar dimensions – will automatically point to some design and performance parameters. Using an existing gun means that some issues – concerning size and weight of a weapon as well as possible vibration issues – can be known before the design process even starts.
Optimize the production
Optimization of the production line also plays part in the cost of a fighter aircraft. Typically, cost falls the longer the aircraft is in production. This decrease is comparably small for modern fighters but in large numbers can lead to significant total savings. Entire aircraft should be produced in one place, so that any errors in production can be fixed as soon as possible.
28 Responses to "How to reduce fighter aircraft costs"
May 15, 2015 at 6:03 pm
The issue right now is that technology, people management, and everything else is not the bottleneck. The big bottleneck right now is that the defense industry likes the status quo because they can get fat off of it.
That being said, this project management set of guidelines seems to be very similar to that of computer programming – Scrum for example. Massive teams are counterproductive.
May 15, 2015 at 6:56 pm
Reading this reminded me of the justification behind the rationale for the FW-190 design:
The Messerschmitt 109 [sic] and the British Spitfire, the two fastest fighters in world at the time we began work on the Fw 190, could both be summed up as a very large engine on the front of the smallest possible airframe; in each case armament had been added almost as an afterthought. These designs, both of which admittedly proved successful, could be likened to racehorses: given the right amount of pampering and easy course, they could outrun anything. But the moment the going became tough they were liable to falter. During World War I, I served in the cavalry and in the infantry. I had seen the harsh conditions under which military equipment had to work in wartime. I felt sure that a quite different breed of fighter would also have a place in any future conflict: one that could operate from ill-prepared front-line airfields; one that could be flown and maintained by men who had received only short training; and one that could absorb a reasonable amount of battle damage and still get back. This was the background thinking behind the Focke-Wulf 190; it was not to be a racehorse but a Dienstpferd, a cavalry horse.
Ernst Udet was critical in particular of the Bf109.
Views on visibility:
"From my own flying experience, I knew how important it was for a fighter pilot to have the best possible all-around view, and we decided to fit a large frameless bubble canopy to the new fighter. Later, these became very fashionable, but in 1938 the idea was something of an innovation.
He did predict the increase in the rise in mass over time of planes as well, so he built that into the design:
For the design weight and estimated landing speed of the prototype aircraft, we calculated that the undercarriage should withstand a sinking speed of 2.5 meters/second [8.5 ft./sec.] to be sufficient. But if the aircraft was developed [over time], its maximum speed, weight and landing speed would all increase. That would result in considerably higher forces on the undercarriage during landing. So in the original stress calculations, we allowed for a sinking speed not of 2.5 m/sec. but of 4.5 m/sec. [15 ft./sec.]. And then we designed the undercarriage to be strong enough to take that. The move paid off. During its life, the maximum loaded weight of the Fw 190 rose from 2.75 tons to more than twice that figure, but with few changes, the undercarriage remained adequate. I have used the undercarriage as an example, but in fact several parts of the original structure were a great deal stronger than the minimum necessary.
They used very wide landing gear for that reason.
May 15, 2015 at 7:29 pm
The Fw-190 I remember did have high wing loading, so turn rate was not as good.
Out of curiosity, what fighter did have the best transient performance in WWII? I'd presume that would be the top fighter.
May 15, 2015 at 8:28 pm
The big takeaway from this is that the Fw-190 was developed by someone who had seen war, who knew what lessons had to be learned, and who tried to apply those lessons.
It seems to be the polar opposite of what the current status quo has become, which is a subsidiary for the defense industry.
Another consideration is mass production – Chet Richards once noted that the best practices of civilian manufacturing were not going to go into fighters – for a number of different reasons. I think one that he did not elaborate on enough was that the status quo is "working" quite well for the defense industry.
- May 15, 2015 at 7:29 pm
May 15, 2015 at 10:33 pm
Picard, I have an issue against your idea that weapons like fighter aircraft should be single-role. Sure they can be better in their respective domain and at a lesser price. But…
Life is never doing what we expected or wanted. And war is even worsening that statement.
From my experience in real life if you leave with a hammer, you'll soon need a corkscrew. But had you left with a corkscrew, you'd need the hammer. Then if you had got yourself equiped with both a corkscrew and hammer, you'd definitly need a wrench. Didn't you experience that?
IMO I you've got attack planes on a forward base waiting for orders to blow up ennemy tanks, you can bet you'll need them to intercept ennemy aircrafts, escort civilian planes, or do SAR, etc… Having several specialised aircrafts on said base would obviously limit capability for each possible mission too. Pilots would also either be specialised to one type of mission, or need to be qualified to fly several different types of fighters.
In the end I believe a multi-purpose tool will always suck at doing what a purposely designed tool do, but at least it can help in every scenario. However this supose it is really credible in a large job-spectrum, and not just fat attack bird stamped with wishful "multirole" logo, ala F-35. But planes like Gripen, Rafale or modern F-16 are quite good bets in any case, whereas single role squadrons dispatchment would consist on risky gambles about future operational needs don't you think?
May 18, 2015 at 4:35 am
The other issue may be "failure by design".
If you think about it, a successful aircraft would be a nightmare for a contractor.
1. No serious problems to fix
2. Cheap aircraft (probably very low margins per plane) – only somewhat helped by lower volumes
3. Only real profits would be spare parts and maybe maintenance
4. Easy to maintain means nothing like complex hangars
5. Successful combat performance would mean fewer future defense expenditures
I suppose for the defense industry, the system is "working".
May 19, 2015 at 3:06 am
Economists have a name for this – perverse incentive.
Basically the benefits for milking the existing system are better than playing it honest – even if it would mean other possibilities. I suppose the fact that the defense industry has consolidated means that the "survivors" are the ones who are most adept at playing the system.
- May 19, 2015 at 3:06 am
May 19, 2015 at 10:38 am
What's your view on the russian planes like mig29 – 35 are they cost effective or "adjusted" by the government?
May 19, 2015 at 2:14 pm
The latest report is actually quite funny:
Apparently the F-22 is only just testing the ability to get a Helmet Mounted sight and the AIM-9X.
Kind of scary if you think about it. They spent so much money on the fighter and missed quite a few major details. It makes you go, what else was overlooked? Pilot training is a known.
May 20, 2015 at 4:14 am
True that.
It is the classic "penny-wise" and "pound foolish". Logically, if one spends so much on the aircraft, I think it would be logical that it's a Might as well" develop the best array of sensors possible – including IRST.
The disturbing thing is that this is not an expensive technology to be investing huge sums of money in either.
May 20, 2015 at 4:28 am
Of course, in this case, it's not even penny wise to be neglecting IRST.
- May 20, 2015 at 4:14 am
May 26, 2015 at 7:30 pm
Picard578, speaking of the necessity of certain features on future warplanes, what do you think of the usefulness of swing-wings in modern warplane design? I've heard that the F-18's combat payload isn't as much as the F-14's, given that the F-18 doesn't use swing-wings like the F-14 did.
May 28, 2015 at 3:30 pm
Another advantage is that they need shorter runways.
The big problems are:
– Weight (about 10-15% penalty here)
– Will cost more to build than other wings
– Lower flight to maintenance ratios
I would argue it's not worth it in most cases.
May 28, 2015 at 3:30 pm
Also add I don't think swing wings can hold much on their wings – fuel or missiles. So maybe lower fuel fraction too?
- May 28, 2015 at 3:30 pm
October 15, 2018 at 4:48 am
[…] solution is to procure cheaper aircraft (so that more aircraft can be procured and losses would be a small percentage of the […]
December 29, 2018 at 6:21 am
For a cheap aircraft, I'd go with either an F-20 Tigershark with upgraded avionics; that was the best fighter the USAF never bought but SHOULD have. The F-16 re-engined (GE F110), more modern materials for weight loss, and upgraded avionics would be good too. Make 'em small, simple, and cheap. WTF do we need all this gee whiz tech when you're sooner or later going to be dogfighting WVR anyway?


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Donnie Andrews, the former Baltimore drug world hitman who partly inspired the character of Omar Little on The Wire, has died from heart complications, The Baltimore Sun reports. He was 58.
Andrews grew up in an abusive household and witnessed a brutal murder at a young age. In his teens, he started robbing drug dealers at gunpoint and by 1986, he was addicted to heroin and carrying out hits for a major drug kingpin.
See celebrities we've lost this year
Andrews turned himself in for the murder of two drug dealers and offered to cooperate with authorities "to repent." He soon started wearing a wire, capturing conversations implicating other criminals. He was paroled in 2005 and dedicated the rest of his years advocating to keep youth on the right side of the law.
At the time of Andrews' arrest, The Wire creator David Simon was a crime reporter for the Sun and would send Andrews copies of the newspaper during his life time in federal prison. Andrews later served as a consultant on The Wire and became — along with several other drug world assassins — became the inspiration for the character Omar.
Omar, played by Michael K. Williams, was a Baltimore underworld legend who had morals and a strict set of rules — most notably one that stipulated he never threatened anyone not in "the game." "R.I.P. to the original gangsta and a stand up dude Mr. Donnie Andrews the man who was the inspiration for Omar Little," Williams tweeted. "Sending out prayers."


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Austin's Steak & Ale House | 82-70 Austin St, Kew Gardens | 718.849.3939 | www.austinsteakandalehouse.com
What better way to end the year than with an open bar? Only $65 (plus tax and gratuity) per person AND you get unlimited access to a dinner buffet, party favors, a champagne toast and plenty of big screen TVs so you can watch the ball drop in style. DJ Frank will be spinning all night. Reservations are recommeded—after all, it's New Year's Eve.
Bargemusic | Fulton Ferry Landing near Brooklyn Bridge | 718.624.2083 | www.bargemusic.org
Classical music lovers, feel free to get away from the pandemonium of all the New Year's Eve parties going on in the city. Those who prefer quieter festivities can hear Bach's Concerto for Oboe, Violin and Orchestra and the Bach Brandenburg Concerti—at a concert hall on a boat under the Brooklyn Bridge! Tickets $150, includes complimentary wine and cookies.
Bohemian Hall & Beer Garden | 29-19 24th Ave, Astoria | 718.274.4925 | www.bohemianhall.com
Why spend 40+ bucks just to go to a dance club when you can enjoy all-night appetizers and a buffet plus music spun by DJ Vlado all in one place? At a very reasonable price of $45 for advance tickets and $55 at the door, this is a fun way to ring in the new year without paying an arm and a leg. At midnight there will be a complimentary champagne toast. Here's another reason to celebrate: Bohemian Hall, NYC's oldest beer garden, celebrates its 100th anniversary this year. Tickets available online or by telephone. Reservations are recommended.
Brooklyn Ale House | 103 Berry St, Williamsburg | 718.302.9811 | www.brooklynalehouse.com
What's the big deal about New Year's Eve? If that's how you feel about the whole darned thing, then just come to Brooklyn Ale House and hang out with friends, listen to some tunes, knock down a few drinks and watch the countdown on big screen televisions. FREE champagne at midnight. No cover charge and open until 4am. Come back at noon on New Year's Day for the FREE bagel brunch.
First Unitarian Church | 48 Monroe Pl, Brooklyn | 718.288.5994 | www.firstacoustics.org
Join The Fort Greene Project and vocalist/musician/actor/writer/social activist Eric Spruiell for a very jazzy New Year's Eve. Serious practitioners of the Jazz idiom, Fort Greene Project's roots run deep into rock, soul, spoken word and stone cold blues, with a topspin of churning funk. Lifelong Brooklyn resident Selah is in love with the heady combustion of bohemian flavor, cultural diversity and historical resonance of the Fort Greene/Clinton Hill area. This very special event includes dinner at 8pm followed by the concert and dancing from 9pm to 1am. Tickets $75. Advance reservations required.
Galapagos Art Space | 16 Main St, Brooklyn | 718.222.8500 | www.galapagosartspace.com
End 2009 with a bang by checking out this explosive show that will have you laughing all night long. This year, New York's nightlife superstar and beloved comedian MR. MURRAY HILL is going the distance and providing you with a one-stop entertainment option all night long! Catch his show at 10:30pm, featuring a laugh-tastic, boozy, bodacious variety show with New York's finest, wildest, and wackiest performers. Mr. Showbiz plays the comic ringleader to this circus of burlesque bombshells, flying trapeze artists, ballsy and bawdy singers, and acts that, quite frankly, leave you guessing! Stick around for the after party (free with admission!) with DJ MEL HUCKABEE who will get the crowd dancing, and Murray DJs a late-late night set with classic hits and some of his favorite ballads to encourage romance and heavy spooning to start the new year. As the clock strikes midnight, bottles of champagne descend from the ceiling onto the audience, a make-shift "ball" drops on stage, Murray appears as the BABY NEW YEAR and leads the cast and audience into a rousing off-key rendition of "New York, New York!" Yes, all this happens within a two-minute time span! You do not want to miss this NEW YEAR'S EVE SHOWBIZ EXTRAVAGANZA to wash down 2009, and come in swinging, tassel twirling, and feeling like a million bucks, even if you're unemployed! Tickets: STANDING ROOM ONLY - $25.00 - champagne toast, after party; GENERAL ADMISSION - $45.00 - includes seat, champagne toast, after party; V.I.P. TICKETS - $100 - front pod seats, open bar pre-show & during intermission, champagne toast, after party.
O'Neill's | 64-21 53rd Dr, Maspeth | 718.672.9696 | www.oneillsfinefood.com
Grab the whole gang (even the kids) and head on over to O'Neill's for the New Year's Eve festivities. There's an open house-type event going on, with the full menu available as well as food and drink specials. All four of the dining rooms will be open, so there'll be plenty of space for all your holiday hijinks. Local DJ Nicky Bop will be playing a variety of tunes all night and there'll be a dance floor open so you can boogey to your heart's content. Get in the spirit with balloons, party hats, noise makers and free giveaways. The ball drop will be televised on 110 televisions so you won't miss a second of the countdown. The party starts at 7pm, the dining area closes at 2am and the bar's open til 4am. Also consider popping by for O'Neill's 'Legendary' New Year's Day Brunch from 11am to 4pm the following day. Please make reservations.
Prospect Park | Brooklyn | 718.965.8999 | www.prospectpark.org
It's not July, but there's no better way to ring in the New Year than with a dazzling display of fireworks in Prospect Park. Start the family-friendly celebrations around 11 pm with entertainment and hot refreshments at Grand Army Plaza. Fireworks will go off at midnight. Prime viewing locations include: anywhere in Grand Army Plaza, inside the Park on the West Drive and along Prospect Park West between grand Army Plaza and 9th Street.
Puppets Jazz Bar | 481 5th Ave, Park Slope | 718.499.2622| www.puppetsjazz.com
Puppets features some of the hottest new up-and-comers and legendary jazz artists in the world. Let the music fill your ears, mind and heart while the food and drinks fill your stomach. Bill Ware's Vibes Quartet will play from 6-9pm. Then from 9pm-4am, join fellow jazz enthusiasts for an awesome end-of-the-year celebration at Puppets' Dj'd New Year's Eve Party. No cover charge.


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Giving is an integral part of our relationship with God. Give
SERIES: Mother's Day 2020 | 05/10/2020
SPEAKER: Pastor Dave Barr
There are no notes for this message but we'd like to encourage you to check out our Small Groups section as an added resource.
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Monica Seles
Tennis Player
Date Of Birth:
2 December 1973
Place Of Birth:
Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Best Known As:
Hard-hitting tennis superstar
Monica Seles became a teen tennis sensation in 1990, when she won the French Open at age 16 and then became the world's number-one ranked female tennis player. Seles was known for her aggressive game and for the distinctive grunts she made with nearly every shot. Her career came to an abrupt halt at a 1993 match when she was stabbed in the back by a crazed fan of tennis star Steffi Graf. The wound was not critical, but Seles was out of tennis for over a year and her days as the game's dominant player were over.
Extra Credit:
Seles became an American citizen in 1994… In 1990 she became the youngest-ever woman to win the French Open, breaking a record set the previous year by Aranxta Sanchez Vicario.
See also:
Here are the facts and trivia that people are buzzing about.
Copyright © 1998-2018 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved.


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Senate Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus said Monday that if lawmakers don't act to rein in the nation's debt and deficits the U.S. could be headed toward a "fiscal crisis like some European countries."
Baucus, D-Mont. (left), said in a speech at the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington that any tax reform plan "must be developed with a sound budget in mind that reduces deficits and debt."
But a panel of tax experts agreed after Baucus' speech that any tax reform or deficit and debt reduction plan would not occur before the presidential election in November, and would likely come next year.
Baucus said that while the U.S. has to get its "fiscal house in order," as today "the debt-to-GDP ratio is 73%, the highest it has been since World War II," the deficit is not the nation's only hurdle. Since the last major tax reform in 1986, Baucus said, the world has "changed drastically" and the tax code hasn't kept pace. It is "now acting as a brake on our economy when we need to move at full speed. It's time we had a tax code for the 21st century."
After his committee began a "comprehensive review" of the nation's tax system last year, Baucus said that he's "making progress on a detailed tax reform proposal that will attract bipartisan support."
Baucus said that he will be holding hearings soon to discuss the deficit reduction proposals put forth by Alice Rivlin and former Senator Peter Domenici, the authors of the Bipartisan Policy Commission deficit reduction proposal, as well as the proposal put forth by the National Deficit Commission, better known as the Simpson-Bowles commission, "to better understand the tradeoffs" of each plan.
In reforming the tax code, Baucus said, "My view is everything is on the table."
Baucus said a 21st century tax code must promote four goals, which are the "keys to America's future and securing our lead in the global economy": jobs from broad-based growth, competitiveness, innovation and opportunity.
Rivlin, the former Clinton administration budget director who's now co-chairwoman of the Bipartisan Policy Center's Debt Reduction Task Force, was part of a panel discussion after Baucus' remarks. She said that she was glad to hear Baucus say that "we're going to need more revenue as we address the deficit problem." She also supports Baucus' view that there should be a progressive tax rate and not a "flat tax."
Bob Greenstein, president of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, said that "no one expects to rewrite the tax code during a lame duck" session of Congress, such as the session after the November election. The "first goal" of tax reform, he added, "will be raising revenue."
Indeed, Bill Thomas, R-Calif., former chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, who was also part of the panel, said that no one knows what will happen in a lame-duck session "unless you can tell me who will control the Senate and who [will] win the presidential election."
Thomas also questioned what Baucus meant when he said "everything" was on the table regarding tax reform. "Does he mean Social Security? I know he means defense," Thomas said.
As to the tax cuts that will expire at year end—which include the Bush tax cuts—Rivlin said: "The fiscal cliff is a real cliff. It would be very bad for the economy if we let all of the tax cuts expire all at once."
Congress should have a workable "framework" to address tax reform and the debt and deficit that they can "come back to in six months," Rivlin said. "Six months seems reasonable—it's not kicking the can down the road, it's moving the fiscal cliff for a few months, but it's still there."


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A Christmas story: How a small business prepares for the busiest time of year
Running a business can be hard – just ask Charlotte, owner of Boo's Toy Shop in Dorchester. Her shop generates 60% of its sales over the Christmas period, which can be a challenge, especially given her competition: large chains and online retailers.
That's why Charlotte credits her customers, who love to support local business, as playing a huge role in her success. She shows her appreciation by offering thank-you gift bags filled with wine, chocolates and activities for the children. She also hosts preview nights and participates in a local advent day, which she finds are a great way to foster community ties.
But building relationships isn't the only way Charlotte keeps her customers coming back. She rewards them with discounts and loyalty cards, and also relies on flyers (complete with her company website) as a way of keeping her business top of mind.
Most of all, as challenging as owning a business can be, Charlotte always remembers to have fun. She sees that attitude as infectious and a reason why her customers come back to Boo's, year after year.


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CLISP project founder Bruno Haible was one of the finalists for the 2002 Free Software Award! Note that it said:
"Bruno Haible (known for his work on GNU CLISP)"!
The CLISP project is looking for excellent C and Lisp hackers who can enhance CLISP and add new features (see development sources).
The prizes for handling the issues listed below:
This reminds me of a joke: after the 1991 Russian coup attempt (whose failure lead to the final downfall of communism), the Communist Party was very unpopular and tried to increase the membership by asking the existing members to recruit new members, with the following incentives:
magic module interfacing to libmagic.
uuid module for manipulation of UUIDs,
interfacing to
<uuid/uuid.h> on unix
and to
CoCreateGuid() on windows.
serial module to control serial devices using
on unix and
on windows.
Any hard crash (segmentation fault, bus error etc) is a bug in CLISP. See CLISP bug tracker.
log to 0,
which comes useful when calculating odds, see, e.g.,
libtool to produce
lisp.dll on woe32) instead of
lisp.exe on woe32).
dlopen (
LoadLibrary on woe32)
instead of
exec (
CreateProcess on woe32)
to start a linking set in
clisp (
on woe32). This is related to embeddability.


text: Self: 95% poly 5% elastaneLining: 100% poly. Hand wash cold. Stretch fit. Velvet textured fabric. MOTE-WX88. SW18VALE CDY PNK. British fashion sensation Motel has finally landed stateside. Inspired by vintage aesthetics and silhouettes, the brand is known globally for its modern slant on womens street fashion and edgy, on-trend style that should not be sacrificed because of price. Designed in the UK, Motel is known for body-conscious pieces that span the wardrobe needs of every woman from the celebrity to the girl next door. Flattering and sassy, its siren worthy pieces have an unforgettable quality that is perfect for the dance floor, Sunday brunch, and everywhere in between. To put it simply: Motel is high street fashion with a perfected twist.


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Export 2 results:Author Title [ Type] Year
Filters: Author is Ashby, Jennifer A. [Clear All Filters]
Journal Article
Chronic nitrate additions dramatically increase the export of carbon and nitrogen from northern hardwood ecosystems. Biogeochemistry. 68:179-197.. 2004.
Chemistry and decomposition of litter from Populus tremuloides Michaux grown at elevated atmospheric CO2 and varying N availability. Global Change Biology. 7:65-74.. 2001.


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New York City, NY: December 06, 2019 – Published via (Wired Release) – Market study Predicts Growth in Glass Door Freezers industry with Focus on Emerging Technologies, Regional Trends, Competitive Landscape Production-Consumption Ratio, Consumption Capacity by Volume and Production Value, leading countries with regional comparison and forecast 2020-2029.
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Arneg Group
True Manufacturing
Migali Industries
TSSC Group
Hoshizaki International
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Hinged Door Type
Sliding Door Type
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As the global capacity for and production in Glass Door Freezers market to increase, which geographic regions will have the largest volume and highest growth rates for Glass Door Freezers consumption?


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If you have sensitive skin you know what a struggle it can be to take care of. Follow these top tips to help you take control and finally understand how to care for your skin type.
Having sensitive skin can be a problem as there is no 'one size fits all' regime for taking care of your skin and not all products are made equally, which can prove rather tricky. Sensitive skin comes in many forms from rosacea and acne to eczema, oily blemishes and as many of us find, an allergic reaction to a particular ingredient found in so many skin care products.
Skin Care Tip One: Choose Products with Natural Ingredients
When it comes to choosing your sensitive skin care products, choose ones that are fragrance free as they will only irritate your skin further hypo-allergenic products are also something that you need to take into consideration. If you suffer from rosacea, acne or eczema then you should aim for a product that specially caters for your skin type.
Skin Care Tip Two: Moisturize
If you have very dry skin this can cause an array of problems. Choosing the correct moisturizer and moisturising well is such an important factor when it comes to your skin. Don't wait for your skin to become dry and itchy before you apply your product. Apply moisturizer after your shower or after you have cleansed your face, as it works best when it traps moisture on the skin. The moisture then penetrates the skin cells that need it most.
Skin Care Tip Three: Nutrition
Avoid hot and spicy foods on a regular basis and cut down on the amount of alcohol that you consume on a weekly basis. These affect the dilation and constriction of the capillary walls, which can cause flushing and redness. If you suffer with rosacea
Skin Care Tip Four: Avoid Stress
I know sometimes this is easier said than done but how you feel on the inside can definitely effect how you look on the outside. Stress anxiety and depression can have such negative effects on your skin, causing your already sensitive skin to worsen. Stress releases hormones into your body that can cause inflammation and premature ageing. One of the most effective stress releases is exercise. Choose a workout that you will enjoy, it doesn't have to all be about going to the gym every day and running on the treadmill. Salsa dancing, hiking and cycling are just three great stress releases out there but there are dozens that will get your heart pumping and make you feel on top of the world.
Tip Five: Temperatures
Avoiding extreme temperatures, both hot and cold is key for sensitive skin, both in cleansing and showering. Warm water is a lot kinder for sensitive skin and when you dry yourself always pat your skin with a towel, never rub as this will only irritate you further.
Use these skin care tips to help combat any skin type condition.
Join in the skin care conversation over on our twitter page > https://twitter.com/ZENMED


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This Mother's Day may have been the best yet! I LOVE all the crafts my kids made me! They beat any gift that money can buy!
And she made me this awesome cake! It tasted as good as it looked!!
Oh and my sweet boy made me this sunshine with his little hand prints! Just precious I tell you!
But my big girls didn't mind!
Not sure how I got this lucky!