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Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) - Table of Contents
| Part Number:
| Part Title:
|Occupational Safety and Health Standards
| Subpart:
| Subpart Title:
|Toxic and Hazardous Substances
| Standard Number:
| Title:
| Appendix:
| GPO Source:
Scope and application.1910.1001(a)(1)
This section applies to all occupational exposures to asbestos in all industries covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) and (3) of this section.1910.1001(a)(2)
This section does not apply to construction work as defined in 29 CFR 1910.12(b). (Exposure to asbestos in construction work is covered by 29 CFR 1926.1101.)1910.1001(a)(3)
This section does not apply to ship repairing, shipbuilding and shipbreaking employments and related employments as defined in 29 CFR 1915.4. (Exposure to asbestos in these employments is covered by 29 CFR 1915.1001).1910.1001(b)
Asbestos includes chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite asbestos, anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, and any of these minerals that have been chemically treated and/or altered.
Asbestos-containing material (ACM) means any material containing more than 1% asbestos.
Assistant Secretary means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, or designee.
Authorized person means any person authorized by the employer and required by work duties to be present in regulated areas.
Building/facility owner is the legal entity, including a lessee, which exercises control over management and record keeping functions relating to a building and/or facility in which activities covered by this standard take place.
Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH) means one certified in the practice of industrial hygiene by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene.
Director means the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or designee.
Employee exposure means that exposure to airborne asbestos that would occur if the employee were not using respiratory protective equipment.
Fiber means a particulate form of asbestos 5 micrometers or longer,with a length-to-diameter ratio of at least 3 to 1.
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter means a filter capable of trapping and retaining at least 99.97 percent of 0.3 micrometer diameter mono-disperse particles.
Homogeneous area means an area of surfacing material or thermal system insulation that is uniform in color and texture.
Industrial hygienist means a professional qualified by education, training, and experience to anticipate, recognize, evaluate and develop controls for occupational health hazards.
PACM means presumed asbestos containing material.
Presumed asbestos containing material means thermal system insulation and surfacing material found in buildings constructed no later than 1980. The designation of a material as "PACM" may be rebutted pursuant to paragraph (j)(8) of this section.
Regulated area means an area established by the employer to demarcate areas where airborne concentrations of asbestos exceed, or there is a reasonable possibility they may exceed, the permissible exposure limits.
Surfacing ACM means surfacing material which contains more than 1 percent asbestos.
Surfacing material means material that is sprayed, troweled-on or otherwise applied to surfaces (such as acoustical plaster on ceilings and fireproofing materials on structural members, or other materials on surfaces for acoustical, fireproofing, and other purposes).
Thermal System Insulation (TSI) means ACM applied to pipes, fittings, boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts or other structural components to prevent heat loss or gain.
Thermal System Insulation ACM means thermal system insulation which contains more than 1 percent asbestos.
Permissible exposure limit (PELS) --1910.1001(c)(1)
Time-weighted average limit (TWA). The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air as an eight (8)-hour time-weighted average (TWA) as determined by the method prescribed in Appendix A to this section, or by an equivalent method.1910.1001(c)(2)
Excursion limit. The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 1.0 fiber per cubic centimeter of air (1 f/cc) as averaged over a sampling period of thirty (30) minutes as determined by the method prescribed in Appendix A to this section, or by an equivalent method.1910.1001(d)
Exposure monitoring. --1910.1001(d)(1)
Determinations of employee exposure shall be made from breathing zone air samples that are representative of the 8-hour TWA and 30-minute short-term exposures of each employee.1910.1001(d)(1)(ii)
Representative 8-hour TWA employee exposures shall be determined on the basis of one or more samples representing full-shift exposures for each shift for each employee in each job classification in each work area. Representative 30-minute short-term employee exposures shall be determined on the basis of one or more samples representing 30 minute exposures associated with operations that are most likely to produce exposures above the excursion limit for each shift for each job classification in each work area.1910.1001(d)(2)
Initial monitoring.1910.1001(d)(2)(i)
Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard, except as provided for in paragraphs (d)(2)(ii) and (d)(2)(iii) of this section, shall perform initial monitoring of employees who are, or may reasonably be expected to be exposed to airborne concentrations at or above the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit.1910.1001(d)(2)(ii)
Where the employer has monitored after March 31, 1992, for the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or the excursion limit, and the monitoring satisfies all other requirements of this section, the employer may rely on such earlier monitoring results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section.1910.1001(d)(2)(iii)
Where the employer has relied upon objective data that demonstrate that asbestos is not capable of being released in airborne concentrations at or above the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit under the expected conditions of processing, use, or handling, then no initial monitoring is required.1910.1001(d)(3)
Monitoring frequency (periodic monitoring) and patterns. After the initial determinations required by paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than six months for employees whose exposures may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit.1910.1001(d)(4)
Changes in monitoring frequency. If either the initial or the periodic monitoring required by paragraphs (d)(2) and (d)(3) of this section statistically indicates that employee exposures are below the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit, the employer may discontinue the monitoring for those employees whose exposures are represented by such monitoring.1910.1001(d)(5)
Additional monitoring. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (d)(2)(ii) and (d)(4) of this section, the employer shall institute the exposure monitoring required under paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and (d)(3) of this section whenever there has been a change in the production, process, control equipment, personnel or work practices that may result in new or additional exposures above the TWA permissible exposure limit and/or excursion limit or when the employer has any reason to suspect that a change may result in new or additional exposures above the PEL and/or excursion limit.1910.1001(d)(6)
Method of monitoring.1910.1001(d)(6)(i)
All samples taken to satisfy the monitoring requirements of paragraph (d) of this section shall be personal samples collected following the procedures specified in Appendix A.1910.1001(d)(6)(ii)
All samples taken to satisfy the monitoring requirements of paragraph (d) of this section shall be evaluated using the OSHA Reference Method (ORM) specified in Appendix A of this section, or an equivalent counting method.1910.1001(d)(6)(iii)
If an equivalent method to the ORM is used, the employer shall ensure that the method meets the following criteria:1910.1001(d)(6)(iii)(A)
Replicate exposure data used to establish equivalency are collected in side-by-side field and laboratory comparisons; and1910.1001(d)(6)(iii)(B)
The comparison indicates that 90% of the samples collected in the range 0.5 to 2.0 times the permissible limit have an accuracy range of plus or minus 25 percent of the ORM results at a 95% confidence level as demonstrated by a statistically valid protocol; and1910.1001(d)(6)(iii)(C)
The equivalent method is documented and the results of the comparison testing are maintained.1910.1001(d)(6)(iv)
To satisfy the monitoring requirements of paragraph (d) of this section, employers must use the results of monitoring analysis performed by laboratories which have instituted quality assurance programs that include the elements as prescribed in Appendix A of this section.1910.1001(d)(7)
Employee notification of monitoring results.1910.1001(d)(7)(i)
The employer must, within 15 working days after the receipt of the results of any monitoring performed under this sections, notify each affected employee of these results either individually in writing or by posting the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to affected employees.1910.1001(d)(7)(ii)
The written notification required by paragraph (d)(7)(i) of this section shall contain the corrective action being taken by the employer to reduce employee exposure to or below the TWA and/or excursion limit, wherever monitoring results indicated that the TWA and/or excursion limit had been exceeded.1910.1001(e)
Regulated Areas. --1910.1001(e)(1)
Establishment. The employer shall establish regulated areas wherever airborne concentrations of asbestos and/or PACM are in excess of the TWA and/or excursion limit prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section.1910.1001(e)(2)
Demarcation. Regulated areas shall be demarcated from the rest of the workplace in any manner that minimizes the number of persons who will be exposed to asbestos.1910.1001(e)(3)
Access. Access to regulated areas shall be limited to authorized persons or to persons authorized by the Act or regulations issued pursuant thereto.1910.1001(e)(4)
Provision of respirators. Each person entering a regulated area shall be supplied with and required to use a respirator, selected in accordance with paragraph (g)(2) of this section.1910.1001(e)(5)
Prohibited activities. The employer shall ensure that employees do not eat, drink, smoke, chew tobacco or gum, or apply cosmetics in the regulated areas.1910.1001(f)
Methods of compliance. --1910.1001(f)(1)
Engineering controls and work practices.1910.1001(f)(1)(i)
The employer shall institute engineering controls and work practices to reduce and maintain employee exposure to or below the TWA and/or excursion limit prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, except to the extent that such controls are not feasible.1910.1001(f)(1)(ii)
Wherever the feasible engineering controls and work practices that can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the TWA and/or excursion limit prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, the employer shall use them to reduce employee exposure to the lowest levels achievable by these controls and shall supplement them by the use of respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section.1910.1001(f)(1)(iii)
For the following operations, wherever feasible engineering controls and work practices that can be instituted are not sufficient to reduce the employee exposure to or below the TWA and/or excursion limit prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, the employer shall use them to reduce employee exposure to or below 0.5 fiber per cubic centimeter of air (as an eight-hour time-weighted average) or 2.5 fibers/cc for 30 minutes (short-term exposure) and shall supplement them by the use of any combination of respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section, work practices and feasible engineering controls that will reduce employee exposure to or below the TWA and to or below the excursion limit permissible prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section: Coupling cutoff in primary asbestos cement pipe manufacturing; sanding in primary and secondary asbestos cement sheet manufacturing; grinding in primary and secondary friction product manufacturing; carding and spinning in dry textile processes; and grinding and sanding in primary plastics manufacturing.1910.1001(f)(1)(iv)
Local exhaust ventilation. Local exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems shall be designed, constructed, installed, and maintained in accordance with good practices such as those found in the American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, ANSI Z9.2-1979.1910.1001(f)(1)(v)
Particular tools. All hand-operated and power-operated tools which would produce or release fibers of asbestos, such as, but not limited to, saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be provided with local exhaust ventilation systems which comply with paragraph (f)(1)(iv) of this section.1910.1001(f)(1)(vi)
Wet methods. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut, scored, or otherwise worked in a wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers so as to expose employees to levels in excess of the TWA and/or excursion limit, prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section, unless the usefulness of the product would be diminished thereby.1910.1001(f)(1)(vii)
Particular products and operations. No asbestos cement, mortar, coating, grout, plaster, or similar material containing asbestos, shall be removed from bags, cartons, or other containers in which they are shipped, without being either wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated so as to prevent effectively the release of airborne fibers.1910.1001(f)(1)(ix)
Compressed air. Compressed air shall not be used to remove asbestos or materials containing asbestos unless the compressed air is used in conjunction with a ventilation system which effectively captures the dust cloud created by the compressed air.1910.1001(f)(1)(x)
Flooring. Sanding of asbestos-containing flooring material is prohibited.1910.1001(f)(2)
Compliance program.1910.1001(f)(2)(i)
Where the TWA and/or excursion limit is exceeded, the employer shall establish and implement a written program to reduce employee exposure to or below the TWA and to or below the excursion limit by means of engineering and work practice controls as required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section, and by the use of respiratory protection where required or permitted under this section.1910.1001(f)(2)(ii)
Such programs shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect significant changes in the status of the employer's compliance program.1910.1001(f)(2)(iii)
Written programs shall be submitted upon request for examination and copying to the Assistant Secretary, the Director, affected employees and designated employee representatives.1910.1001(f)(2)(iv)
The employer shall not use employee rotation as a means of compliance with the TWA and/or excursion limit.1910.1001(f)(3)
Specific compliance methods for brake and clutch repair:1910.1001(f)(3)(i)
Engineering controls and work practices for brake and clutch repair and service. During automotive brake and clutch inspection, disassembly, repair and assembly operations, the employer shall institute engineering controls and work practices to reduce employee exposure to materials containing asbestos using a negative pressure enclosure/HEPA vacuum system method or low pressure/wet cleaning method, which meets the detailed requirements set out in Appendix F to this section. The employer may also comply using an equivalent method which follows written procedures which the employer demonstrates can achieve results equivalent to Method A in Appendix F to this section. For facilities in which no more than 5 pair of brakes or 5 clutches are inspected, disassembled, repaired, or assembled per week, the method set forth in paragraph [D] of Appendix F to this section may be used.1910.1001(f)(3)(ii)
The employer may also comply by using an equivalent method which follows written procedures, which the employer demonstrates can achieve equivalent exposure reductions as do the two "preferred methods." Such demonstration must include monitoring data conducted under workplace conditions closely resembling the process, type of asbestos containing materials, control method, work practices and environmental conditions which the equivalent method will be used, or objective data, which document that under all reasonably foreseeable conditions of brake and clutch repair applications, the method results in exposures which are equivalent to the methods set out in Appendix F to this section.1910.1001(g)
Respiratory protection1910.1001(g)(1)
General. for employees who use respirators required by this section, the employer must provide each employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements of this paragraph. Respirators must be used during:1910.1001(g)(1)(i)
Periods necessary to install or implement feasible engineering and work-practice controls.1910.1001(g)(1)(ii)
Work operations, such as maintenance and repair activities, for which engineering and work-practice controls are not feasible.1910.1001(g)(1)(iii)
Work operations for which feasible engineering and work-practice controls are not yet sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the TWA and/or excursion limit.1910.1001(g)(1)(iv)
Respirator program.1910.1001(g)(2)(i)
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in accordance with 29 CFR 134 (b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and (f) through (m), which covers each employee required by this section to use a respirator.1910.1001(g)(2)(ii)
Employers must provide an employee with a tight-fitting, powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) instead of a negative pressure respirator selected according to paragraph (g)(3) of this standard when the employee chooses to use a PAPR and it provides adequate protection to the employee.1910.1001(g)(2)(iii)
No employee must be assigned to tasks requiring the use of respirators if, based on their most recent medical examination, the examining physician determines that the employee will be unable to function normally using a respirator, or that the safety or health of the employee or other employees will be impaired by the use of a respirator. Such employees must be assigned to another job or given the opportunity to transfer to a different position, the duties of which they can perform. If such a transfer position is available, the position must be with the same employer, in the same geographical area, and with the same seniority, status, and rate of pay the employee had just prior to such transfer.1910.1001(g)(3)
Respirator selection. Employers must:(g)(3)(i)
Select, and provide to employees, the appropriate respirators specified in paragraph (d)(3)(i)(A) of 29 CFR 1910.134; however, employers must not select or use filtering facepiece respirators for protection against asbestos fibers.(g)(3)(ii)
Provide HEPA filters for powered and non-powered air-purifying respirators.1910.1001(h)
Protective work clothing and equipment --1910.1001(h)(1)
Provision and use. If an employee is exposed to asbestos above the TWA and/or excursion limit, or where the possibility of eye irritation exists, the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee and ensure that the employee uses appropriate protective work clothing and equipment such as, but not limited to:1910.1001(h)(1)(i)
Coveralls or similar full-body work clothing;1910.1001(h)(1)(ii)
Gloves, head coverings, and foot coverings; and1910.1001(h)(1)(iii)
Face shields, vented goggles, or other appropriate protective equipment which complies with 1910.133 of this Part.1910.1001(h)(2)
Removal and storage.1910.1001(h)(2)(i)
The employer shall ensure that employees remove work clothing contaminated with asbestos only in change rooms provided in accordance with paragraph (i)(1) of this section.1910.1001(h)(2)(ii)
The employer shall ensure that no employee takes contaminated work clothing out of the change room, except those employees authorized to do so for the purpose of laundering, maintenance, or disposal.1910.1001(h)(2)(iii)
Contaminated work clothing shall be placed and stored in closed containers which prevent dispersion of the asbestos outside the container.1910.1001(h)(2)(iv)
The employer shall ensure that containers of contaminated protective devices or work clothing, which are to be taken out of change rooms or the workplace for cleaning, maintenance or disposal, bear labels in accordance with paragraph (j) of this section.1910.1001(h)(3)
Cleaning and replacement.1910.1001(h)(3)(i)
The employer shall clean, launder, repair, or replace protective clothing and equipment required by this paragraph to maintain their effectiveness. The employer shall provide clean protective clothing and equipment at least weekly to each affected employee.1910.1001(h)(3)(ii)
The employer shall prohibit the removal of asbestos from protective clothing and equipment by blowing or shaking.1910.1001(h)(3)(iii)
Laundering of contaminated clothing shall be done so as to prevent the release of airborne fibers of asbestos in excess of the permissible exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (c) of this section.1910.1001(h)(3)(iv)
The employer shall ensure that contaminated clothing is transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with paragraph (j) of this section.1910.1001(h)(3)(v)
The employer shall inform any person who launders or cleans protective clothing or equipment contaminated with asbestos of the potentially harmful effects of exposure to asbestos.1910.1001(h)(3)(vi)
Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with paragraph (j) of this section.1910.1001(i)
Hygiene facilities and practices --1910.1001(i)(1)
Change rooms.1910.1001(i)(1)(i)
The employer shall provide clean change rooms for employees who work in areas where their airborne exposure to asbestos is above the TWA and/or excursion limit.1910.1001(i)(1)(ii)
The employer shall ensure that change rooms are in accordance with 1910.141(e) of this part, and are equipped with two separate lockers or storage facilities, so separated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street clothes from his protective work clothing and equipment.1910.1001(i)(2)
The employer shall ensure that employees who work in areas where their airborne exposure is above the TWA and/or excursion limit, shower at the end of the work shift.1910.1001(i)(2)(ii)
The employer shall provide shower facilities which comply with 1910.141(d)(3) of this part.1910.1001(i)(2)(iii)
The employer shall ensure that employees who are required to shower pursuant to paragraph (i)(2)(i) of this section do not leave the workplace wearing any clothing or equipment worn during the work shift.1910.1001(i)(3)
The employer shall provide lunchroom facilities for employees who work in areas where their airborne exposure is above the TWA and/or excursion limit.1910.1001(i)(3)(ii)
The employer shall ensure that lunchroom facilities have a positive pressure, filtered air supply, and are readily accessible to employees.1910.1001(i)(3)(iii)
The employer shall ensure that employees who work in areas where their airborne exposure is above the PEL and/or excursion limit wash their hands and faces prior to eating, drinking or smoking.1910.1001(i)(3)(iv)
The employer shall ensure that employees do not enter lunchroom facilities with protective work clothing or equipment unless surface asbestos fibers have been removed from the clothing or equipment by vacuuming or other method that removes dust without causing the asbestos to become airborne.1910.1001(i)(4)
Smoking in work areas. The employer shall ensure that employees do not smoke in work areas where they are occupationally exposed to asbestos because of activities in that work area.1910.1001(j)
Communication of hazards to employees -- Introduction. This section applies to the communication of information concerning asbestos hazards in general industry to facilitate compliance with this standard. Asbestos exposure in general industry occurs in a wide variety of industrial and commercial settings. Employees who manufacture asbestos-containing products may be exposed to asbestos fibers. Employees who repair and replace automotive brakes and clutches may be exposed to asbestos fibers. In addition, employees engaged in housekeeping activities in industrial facilities with asbestos product manufacturing operations, and in public and commercial buildings with installed asbestos containing materials may be exposed to asbestos fibers. Most of these workers are covered by this general industry standard, with the exception of state or local governmental employees in non-state plan states. It should be noted that employees who perform housekeeping activities during and after construction activities are covered by the asbestos construction standard, 29 CFR 1926.1101, formerly 1926.58. However, housekeeping employees, regardless of industry designation, should know whether building components they maintain may expose them to asbestos. The same hazard communication provisions will protect employees who perform housekeeping operations in all three asbestos standards; general industry, construction, and shipyard employment. As noted in the construction standard, building owners are often the only and/or best source of information concerning the presence of previously installed asbestos containing building materials. Therefore they, along with employers of potentially exposed employees, are assigned specific information conveying and retention duties under this section.1910.1001(j)(1)
Hazard communication—general.1910.1001(j)(1)(i)
Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers shall comply with all requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (§ 1910.1200) for asbestos.1910.1001(j)(1)(ii)
In classifying the hazards of asbestos at least the following hazards are to be addressed: Cancer and lung effects.1910.1001(j)(1)(iii)
Employers shall include asbestos in the hazard communication program established to comply with the HCS (§ 1910.1200). Employers shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on containers of asbestos and to safety data sheets, and is trained in accordance with the requirements of HCS and paragraph (j)(7) of this section.1910.1001(j)(2)
Installed Asbestos Containing Material. Employers and building owners are required to treat installed TSI and sprayed on and troweled-on surfacing materials as ACM in buildings constructed no later than 1980 for purposes of this standard. These materials are designated "presumed ACM or PACM", and are defined in paragraph (b) of this section. Asphalt and vinyl flooring material installed no later than 1980 also must be treated as asbestos-containing. The employer or building owner may demonstrate that PACM and flooring material do not contain asbestos by complying with paragraph (j)(8)(iii) of this section.1910.1001(j)(3)
Duties of employers and building and facility owners.1910.1001(j)(3)(i)
Building and facility owners shall determine the presence, location, and quantity of ACM and/or PACM at the work site. Employers and building and facility owners shall exercise due diligence in complying with these requirements to inform employers and employees about the presence and location of ACM and PACM.1910.1001(j)(3)(ii)
Building and facility owners shall maintain records of all information required to be provided pursuant to this section and/or otherwise known to the building owner concerning the presence, location and quantity of ACM and PACM in the building/facility. Such records shall be kept for the duration of ownership and shall be transferred to successive owners.1910.1001(j)(3)(iii)
Building and facility owners shall inform employers of employees, and employers shall inform employees who will perform housekeeping activities in areas which contain ACM and/or PACM of the presence and location of ACM and/or PACM in such areas which may be contacted during such activities.1910.1001(j)(4)
Warning signs—1910.1001(j)(4)(i)
Posting. Warning signs shall be provided and displayed at each regulated area. In addition, warning signs shall be posted at all approaches to regulated areas so that an employee may read the signs and take necessary protective steps before entering the area.1910.1001(j)(4)(ii)
Sign specifications:1910.1001(j)(4)(ii)(A)
The warning signs required by paragraph (j)(4)(i) of this section shall bear the following legend:1910.1001(j)(4)(ii)(B)
In addition, where the use of respirators and protective clothing is required in the regulated area under this section, the warning signs shall include the following:1910.1001(j)(4)(ii)(C)
Prior to June 1, 2016, employers may use the following legend in lieu of that specified in paragraph (j)(4)(ii)(A) of this section:1910.1001(j)(4)(ii)(D)
Prior to June 1, 2016, employers may use the following legend in lieu of that specified in paragraph (j)(4)(ii)(B) of this section:1910.1001(j)(4)(iii)
The employer shall ensure that employees working in and contiguous to regulated areas comprehend the warning signs required to be posted by paragraph (j)(4)(i) of this section. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs and graphics.1910.1001(j)(4)(iv)
At the entrance to mechanical rooms/areas in which employees reasonably can be expected to enter and which contain ACM and/or PACM, the building owner shall post signs which identify the material which is present, its location, and appropriate work practices which, if followed, will ensure that ACM and/or PACM will not be disturbed. The employer shall ensure, to the extent feasible, that employees who come in contact with these signs can comprehend them. Means to ensure employee comprehension may include the use of foreign languages, pictographs, graphics, and awareness training.1910.1001(j)(5)
Warning labels—1910.1001(j)(5)(i)
Labeling. Labels shall be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, debris, and other products containing asbestos fibers, or to their containers. When a building owner or employer identifies previously installed ACM and/or PACM, labels or signs shall be affixed or posted so that employees will be notified of what materials contain ACM and/or PACM. The employer shall attach such labels in areas where they will clearly be noticed by employees who are likely to be exposed, such as at the entrance to mechanical room/areas. Signs required by paragraph (j) of this section may be posted in lieu of labels so long as they contain the information required for labeling.1910.1001(j)(5)(ii)
Label specifications. In addition to the requirements of paragraph (j)(1), the employer shall ensure that labels of bags or containers of protective clothing and equipment, scrap, waste, and debris containing asbestos fibers include the following information:1910.1001(j)(5)(iii)
Prior to June 1, 2015, employers may include the following information on raw materials, mixtures or labels of bags or containers of protective clothing and equipment, scrap, waste, and debris containing asbestos fibers in lieu of the labeling requirements in paragraphs (j)(1)(i) and (j)(5)(ii) of this section:1910.1001(j)(6)
The provisions for labels and for safety data sheets required by paragraph (j) of this section do not apply where:1910.1001(j)(6)(i)
Asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material provided that the manufacturer can demonstrate that during any reasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentrations of fibers of asbestos in excess of the TWA permissible exposure level and/or excursion limit will be released or1910.1001(j)(6)(ii)
Asbestos is present in a product in concentrations less than 1.0%.1910.1001(j)(7)
Employee information and training.1910.1001(j)(7)(i)
The employer shall train each employee who is exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos at or above the PEL and/or excursion limit in accordance with the requirements of this section. The employer shall institute a training program and ensure employee participation in the program.1910.1001(j)(7)(ii)
Training shall be provided prior to or at the time of initial assignment and at least annually thereafter.1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)
The training program shall be conducted in a manner which the employee is able to understand. The employer shall ensure that each employee is informed of the following:1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)(A)
The health effects associated with asbestos exposure;1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)(B)
The relationship between smoking and exposure to asbestos producing lung cancer:1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)(C)
The quantity, location, manner of use, release, and storage of asbestos, and the specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to asbestos;1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)(D)
The engineering controls and work practices associated with the employee's job assignment;1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)(E)
The specific procedures implemented to protect employees from exposure to asbestos, such as appropriate work practices, emergency and clean-up procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used;1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)(F)
The purpose, proper use, and limitations of respirators and protective clothing, if appropriate;1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)(G)
The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance program required by paragraph (l) of this section;1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)(H)
The content of this standard, including appendices.1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)(I)
The names, addresses and phone numbers of public health organizations which provide information, materials, and/or conduct programs concerning smoking cessation. The employer may distribute the list of such organizations contained in Appendix I to this section, to comply with this requirement.1910.1001(j)(7)(iii)(J)
The requirements for posting signs and affixing labels and the meaning of the required legends for such signs and labels.1910.1001(j)(7)(iv)
The employer shall also provide, at no cost to employees who perform housekeeping operations in an area which contains ACM or PACM, an asbestos awareness training course, which shall at a minimum contain the following elements: health effects of asbestos, locations of ACM and PACM in the building/facility, recognition of ACM and PACM damage and deterioration, requirements in this standard relating to housekeeping, and proper response to fiber release episodes, to all employees who perform housekeeping work in areas where ACM and/or PACM is present. Each such employee shall be so trained at least once a year.1910.1001(j)(7)(v)
Access to information and training materials.1910.1001(j)(7)(v)(A)
The employer shall make a copy of this standard and its appendices readily available without cost to all affected employees.1910.1001(j)(7)(v)(B)
The employer shall provide, upon request, all materials relating to the employee information and training program to the Assistant Secretary and the training program to the Assistant Secretary and the Director.1910.1001(j)(7)(v)(C)
The employer shall inform all employees concerning the availability of self-help smoking cessation program material. Upon employee request, the employer shall distribute such material, consisting of NIH Publication No. 89-1647, or equivalent self-help material, which is approved or published by a public health organization listed in Appendix I to this section.1910.1001(j)(8)
Criteria to rebut the designation of installed material as PACM.1910.1001(j)(8)(i)
At any time, an employer and/or building owner may demonstrate, for purposes of this standard, that PACM does not contain asbestos. Building owners and/or employers are not required to communicate information about the presence of building material for which such a demonstration pursuant to the requirements of paragraph (j)(8)(ii) of this section has been made. However, in all such cases, the information, data and analysis supporting the determination that PACM does not contain asbestos, shall be retained pursuant to paragraph (m) of this section.1910.1001(j)(8)(ii)
An employer or owner may demonstrate that PACM does not contain asbestos by the following:1910.1001(j)(8)(ii)(A)
Having a completed inspection conducted pursuant to the requirements of AHERA (40 CFR 763, Subpart E) which demonstrates that no ACM is present in the material; or1910.1001(j)(8)(ii)(B)
Performing tests of the material containing PACM which demonstrate that no ACM is present in the material. Such tests shall include analysis of bulk samples collected in the manner described in 40 CFR 763.86. The tests, evaluation and sample collection shall be conducted by an accredited inspector or by a CIH. Analysis of samples shall be performed by persons or laboratories with proficiency demonstrated by current successful participation in a nationally recognized testing program such as the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) or the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) or the Round Robin for bulk samples administered by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) or an equivalent nationally-recognized round robin testing program.1910.1001(j)(8)(iii)
The employer and/or building owner may demonstrate that flooring material including associated mastic and backing does not contain asbestos, by a determination of an industrial hygienist based upon recognized analytical techniques showing that the material is not ACM.1910.1001(k)
All surfaces shall be maintained as free as practicable of ACM waste and debris and accompanying dust.1910.1001(k)(2)
All spills and sudden releases of material containing asbestos shall be cleaned up as soon as possible.1910.1001(k)(3)
Surfaces contaminated with asbestos may not be cleaned by the use of compressed air.1910.1001(k)(4)
Vacuuming. HEPA-filtered vacuuming equipment shall be used for vacuuming asbestos containing waste and debris. The equipment shall be used and emptied in a manner which minimizes the reentry of asbestos into the workplace.1910.1001(k)(5)
Shoveling, dry sweeping and dry clean-up of asbestos may be used only where vacuuming and/or wet cleaning are not feasible.1910.1001(k)(6)
Waste disposal. Waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equipment, and clothing contaminated with asbestos consigned for disposal, shall be collected, recycled and disposed of in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers.1910.1001(k)(7)
Care of asbestos-containing flooring material.1910.1001(k)(7)(i)
Sanding of asbestos-containing floor material is prohibited.1910.1001(k)(7)(ii)
Stripping of finishes shall be conducted using low abrasion pads at speeds lower than 300 rpm and wet methods.1910.1001(k)(7)(iii)
Burnishing or dry buffing may be performed only on asbestos-containing flooring which has sufficient finish so that the pad cannot contact the asbestos-containing material.1910.1001(k)(8)
Waste and debris and accompanying dust in an areas containing accessible ACM and/or PACM or visibly deteriorated ACM, shall not be dusted or swept dry, or vacuumed without using a HEPA filter.1910.1001(l)
Medical surveillance --1910.1001(l)(1)
General --1910.1001(l)(1)(i)
Employees covered. The employer shall institute a medical surveillance program for all employees who are or will be exposed to airborne concentrations of fibers of asbestos at or above the TWA and/or excursion limit.1910.1001(l)(1)(ii)
Examination by a physician.1910.1001(l)(1)(ii)(A)
The employer shall ensure that all medical examinations and procedures are performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician, and shall be provided without cost to the employee and at a reasonable time and place.1910.1001(l)(1)(ii)(B)
Persons other than licensed physicians, who administer the pulmonary function testing required by this section, shall complete a training course in spirometry sponsored by an appropriate academic or professional institution.1910.1001(l)(2)
Pre-placement examinations.1910.1001(l)(2)(i)
Before an employee is assigned to an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers at or above the TWA and/or excursion limit, a pre-placement medical examination shall be provided or made available by the employer.1910.1001(l)(2)(ii)
Such examination shall include, as a minimum, a medical and work history; a complete physical examination of all systems with emphasis on the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system and digestive tract; completion of the respiratory disease standardized questionnaire in Appendix D to this section, Part 1; a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches); pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV(1.0)); and any additional tests deemed appropriate by the examining physician. Interpretation and classification of chest roentgenogram shall be conducted in accordance with Appendix E to this section.1910.1001(l)(3)
Periodic examinations.1910.1001(l)(3)(i)
Periodic medical examinations shall be made available annually.1910.1001(l)(3)(ii)
The scope of the medical examination shall be in conformance with the protocol established in paragraph (l)(2)(ii) of this section, except that the frequency of chest roentgenogram shall be conducted in accordance with Table 1, and the abbreviated standardized questionnaire contained in, Part 2 of Appendix D to this section shall be administered to the employee.1910.1001(l)(4)Table 1. -- Frequency of Chest Roentgenogram __________________________________________________________________________ | | Age of employee Years since |______________________________________________________ first | | | exposure | 15 to 35 | 35+ to 45 | 45+ __________________|___________________|__________________|________________ | | | 0 to 10...........| Every 5 years.....| Every 5 years...| Every 5 years. 10+...............| Every 5 years.....| Every 2 years...| Every 1 year. __________________|___________________|__________________|________________
Termination of employment examinations.1910.1001(l)(4)(i)
The employer shall provide, or make available, a termination of employment medical examination for any employee who has been exposed to airborne concentrations of fibers of asbestos at or above the TWA and/or excursion limit.1910.1001(l)(4)(ii)
The medical examination shall be in accordance with the requirements of the periodic examinations stipulated in paragraph (l)(3) of this section, and shall be given within 30 calendar days before or after the date of termination of employment.1910.1001(l)(5)
Recent examinations. No medical examination is required of any employee, if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in accordance with any of paragraphs ((l)(2) through (l)(4)) of this section within the past 1 year period. A pre-employment medical examination which was required as a condition of employment by the employer, may not be used by that employer to meet the requirements of this paragraph, unless the cost of such examination is borne by the employer.1910.1001(l)(6)
Information provided to the physician. The employer shall provide the following information to the examining physician:1910.1001(l)(6)(i)
A copy of this standard and Appendices D and E.1910.1001(l)(6)(ii)
A description of the affected employee's duties as they relate to the employee's exposure.1910.1001(l)(6)(iii)
The employee's representative exposure level or anticipated exposure level.1910.1001(l)(6)(iv)
A description of any personal protective and respiratory equipment used or to be used.1910.1001(l)(6)(v)
Information from previous medical examinations of the affected employee that is not otherwise available to the examining physician.1910.1001(l)(7)
Physician's written opinion.1910.1001(l)(7)(i)
The employer shall obtain a written signed opinion from the examining physician. This written opinion shall contain the results of the medical examination and shall include:1910.1001(l)(7)(i)(A)
The physician's opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical conditions that would place the employee at an increased risk of material health impairment from exposure to asbestos;1910.1001(l)(7)(i)(B)
Any recommended limitations on the employee or upon the use of personal protective equipment such as clothing or respirators;1910.1001(l)(7)(i)(C)
A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the medical examination and of any medical conditions resulting from asbestos exposure that require further explanation or treatment; and1910.1001(l)(7)(i)(D)
A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the increased risk of lung cancer attributable to the combined effect of smoking and asbestos exposure.1910.1001(l)(7)(ii)
The employer shall instruct the physician not to reveal in the written opinion given to the employer specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure to asbestos.1910.1001(l)(7)(iii)
The employer shall provide a copy of the physician's written opinion to the affected employee within 30 days from its receipt.1910.1001(m)
Recordkeeping. --1910.1001(m)(1)
Exposure measurements. NOTE: The employer may utilize the services of competent organizations such as industry trade associations and employee associations to maintain the records required by this section.1910.1001(m)(1)(i)
The employer shall keep an accurate record of all measurements taken to monitor employee exposure to asbestos as prescribed in paragraph (d) of this section.1910.1001(m)(1)(ii)
This record shall include at least the following information:1910.1001(m)(1)(ii)(A)
The date of measurement;1910.1001(m)(1)(ii)(B)
The operation involving exposure to asbestos which is being monitored;1910.1001(m)(1)(ii)(C)
Sampling and analytical methods used and evidence of their accuracy;1910.1001(m)(1)(ii)(D)
Number, duration, and results of samples taken;1910.1001(m)(1)(ii)(E)
Type of respiratory protective devices worn, if any; and1910.1001(m)(1)(ii)(F)
Name, social security number and exposure of the employees whose exposure are represented.1910.1001(m)(1)(iii)
The employer shall maintain this record for at least thirty (30) years, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.1910.1001(m)(2)
Objective data for exempted operations.1910.1001(m)(2)(i)
Where the processing, use, or handling of products made from or containing asbestos is exempted from other requirements of this section under paragraph (d)(2)(iii) of this section, the employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record of objective data reasonably relied upon in support of the exemption.1910.1001(m)(2)(ii)
The record shall include at least the following:1910.1001(m)(2)(ii)(A)
The product qualifying for exemption;1910.1001(m)(2)(ii)(B)
The source of the objective data;1910.1001(m)(2)(ii)(C)
The testing protocol, results of testing, and/or analysis of the material for the release of asbestos;1910.1001(m)(2)(ii)(D)
A description of the operation exempted and how the data support the exemption; and1910.1001(m)(2)(ii)(E)
Other data relevant to the operations, materials, processing, or employee exposures covered by the exemption.1910.1001(m)(2)(iii)
The employer shall maintain this record for the duration of the employer's reliance upon such objective data.1910.1001(m)(3)
Medical surveillance.1910.1001(m)(3)(i)
The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee subject to medical surveillance by paragraph (l)(1)(i) of this section, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.1910.1001(m)(3)(ii)
The record shall include at least the following information:1910.1001(m)(3)(ii)(A)
The name and social security number of the employee;1910.1001(m)(3)(ii)(B)
Physician's written opinions;1910.1001(m)(3)(ii)(C)
Any employee medical complaints related to exposure to asbestos; and1910.1001(m)(3)(ii)(D)
A copy of the information provided to the physician as required by paragraph (l)(6) of this section.1910.1001(m)(3)(iii)
The employer shall ensure that this record is maintained for the duration of employment plus thirty (30) years, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.1910.1001(m)(4)
Training. The employer shall maintain all employee training records for one (1) year beyond the last date of employment of that employee.1910.1001(m)(5)
The employer, upon written request, shall make all records required to be maintained by this section available to the Assistant Secretary and the Director for examination and copying.1910.1001(m)(5)(ii)
The employer, upon request shall make any exposure records required by paragraph (m)(1) of this section available for examination and copying to affected employees, former employees, designated representatives and the Assistant Secretary, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020(a) through (e) and (g) through (i).1910.1001(m)(5)(iii)
The employer, upon request, shall make employee medical records required by paragraph (m)(3) of this section available for examination and copying to the subject employee, to anyone having the specific written consent of the subject employee, and the Assistant Secretary, in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.1910.1001(m)(6)
The employer shall comply with the requirements concerning transfer of records set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1020(h).1910.1001(n)
Observation of monitoring --1910.1001(n)(1)
Employee observation. The employer shall provide affected employees or their designated representatives an opportunity to observe any monitoring of employee exposure to asbestos conducted in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section.1910.1001(n)(2)
Observation procedures. When observation of the monitoring of employee exposure to asbestos requires entry into an area where the use of protective clothing or equipment is required, the observer shall be provided with and be required to use such clothing and equipment and shall comply with all other applicable safety and health procedures.1910.1001(o)
Appendices A, C, D, E, and F to this section are incorporated as part of this section and the contents of these Appendices are mandatory.1910.1001(o)(2)
Appendices B, G, H, I, and J to this section are informational and are not intended to create any additional obligations not otherwise imposed or to detract from any existing obligations.
[55 FR 50687, Dec. 10, 1990; 56 FR 43700, Sept. 4, 1991; 57 FR 24330, June 8, 1992; 59 FR 40964, Aug. 10, 1994; 60 FR 9624, Feb. 21, 1995; 60 FR 33343, June 28, 1995; 60 FR 33973, June 29, 1995; 61 FR 5507, Feb. 13, 1996; 61 FR 43454, August 23, 1996; 63 FR 1152, Jan. 8, 1998; 70 FR 1141, Jan. 5, 2005; 71 FR 16672 and 16673, April 3, 2006; 71 FR 50188, August 24, 2006; 73 FR 75584, Dec. 12, 2008; 76 FR 33608, June 8, 2011; 77 FR 17778, March 26, 2012]
Next Standard (1910.1001 App A)
|Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) - Table of Contents


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(text uploaded by artist in the language of his or her choice)
By Eyedea Photo,
Montreal, Canada
by Eyedea Photo, Montreal, Canada
Dow Brewery II
by Eyedea Photo, Montreal, Canada

subset: commoncrawl


text:
When I heard that the PC re-release of Final Fantasy VII—which came out yesterday—would have achievements, I thought maybe we'd see some cool challenges. Maybe they'd have a sense of humor. Or ask you to do crazy things, like beat the game with no materia or solo Ruby Weapon.
But no. These achievements are just straight-up dull.
Here's the full list of 36, 18 of which involve Limit Breaks:
- End of Part I: Complete the first part of the game
- End of Part II: Complete the second part of the game
- End of Game: Complete Final Fantasy VII
- Master Materia: Reach the maximum level of any Materia
- Master of Gil: 99,999,999 Gil
- Top Level: Reach level 99 with any character
- Knights of the Round: Get materia Knights of the Round
- Omnislash: Get Cloud's last Limit Break
- Catastrophe: Get Barret's last Limit Break
- Chaos: Get Vincent's last Limit Break
- Great Gospel: Get Aeris's last Limit Break
- Highwind: Get Cid's last Limit Break
- Final Heaven: Get Tifa's last Limit Break
- All Creation: Get Yuffie's last Limit Break
- Cosmo Memory: Get Red XIII's last Limit Break
- Slots: Get Cait Sith's last Limit Break
- Bahamut Zero: Get materia Bahamut Zero
- Ultimate Weapon: Defeat the Ultimate Weapon
- Diamond Weapon: Defeat the Diamond Weapon
- Ruby Weapon: Defeat the Ruby Weapon
- Emerald Weapon: Defeat the Emerald Weapon
- Vincent: Get Vincent on your team
- Yuffie: Get Yuffie on your team
- Materia Overlord: Master all Materias
- Battle Square: Start a battle in Battle Square
- Golden Feather: Get a Gold Chocobo
- Won First Battle: Win your first battle
- Braver: Use Cloud's first Limit Break
- Big Shot: Use Barrett's first Limit Break
- Galian Beast: Use Vincent's first Limit Break
- Healing Wind: Use Aeris's first Limit Break
- Boost Jump: Use Cid's first Limit Break
- Beat Rush: Use Tifa's first Limit Break
- Greased Lightning: Use Yuffie's first Limit Break
- Sled Fang: Use Red XIII's first Limit Break
- Dice: Use Cait Sith's first Limit Break
Gee, I can't wait to brag to all my friends that I used Cloud's first Limit Break.


text:
Reliever Withrow sidelined after back spasms
GLENDALE, Ariz. -- Chris Withrow said he expects to be sidelined a few days with back spasms he experienced during his Friday bullpen session.
Withrow has had two previous episodes with a bulging disk that have sidelined him for extended periods, but he said the current discomfort is less than those and an MRI showed that the disk hasn't been further compromised.
"I don't think I made the existing injury worse," said Withrow, the club's 2007 first-round Draft pick, who is making a transition from starting pitcher to reliever.
Withrow, who with his wife survived an offseason rollover auto accident with only minor injuries, said this is the first time he's been injured while pitching. His earlier episodes were triggered by conditioning exercises and weight lifting.
"This is new for me, which is why I think it's not as bad," he said. "I'll take it easy a couple of days and make sure it doesn't flare up."


text:
A collection of scholarly works about individual liberty and free markets. A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.
Prometheus has become a symbol of resistance to injustice and the deprivation of liberty. In the words of the Greek playwright Aeschylus, Prometheus defies the gods thusly:
By my Titan soul, I swear it! Though with harsh chains now he mocks me, Even now the hour is ripening, When this haughty lord of Heaven Shall embrace my knees, beseeching Me to unveil the new-forged counsels That shall hurl him from his throne. But no honey-tongued persuasion, No smooth words of artful charming, No stout threats shall loose my tongue, Till he loose these bonds of insult, And himself make just atonement For injustice done to me.
About this Quotation:
Prometheus' fiery denunciation of kingly injustice has spoken to many generations since it was penned in the 5th century BC. But is spoke most clearly to the generation who lived in the revolutionary decades of the late 18th and early 19th centuries when popular movements toppled kings, new countries seceded from empires, and popular constituencies created new political arrangements which were more accountable to the people.


text:
Welcome to Intern Horrors, the weekly feature wherein pluck-filled, enthusiastic apprentices describe their first experiences with the soul-crushing reality of 9-to-5 jobs. This week: logging evidence in a crime lab, an overweight voyeur, and a pathological liar.
Gil starts things off:
I did an internship at a State Crime Lab the summer before my undergrad senior year. It was unpaid because it was for credit hours, but it was pretty cool. Shockingly nothing like CSI at all, there were no Marg Helgenberger to be found. As an intern I was not surprised to be allowed to touch/do very little, as most of this shit was for murder/rape cases, and having an intern handle anything was obviously not good for presenting the evidence in court. So my last day there my boss/adviser tells me that she is going to let me actually work some evidence by myself. I was obviously pumped, I figured better late than never. She tells me she is going to get it, she will be right back, its being stored in a special safe, not with the other safe where evidence is normally stored. At this point I figure I am in for weighing a few kilos of pot, or analyzing the purity of cocaine, some bullshit like that. I should have known better.
She comes back with a bag which is basically full of shit. Literally. Its a typical evidence bag, full of what looks like something you might see after eating Taco Bell late night after multiple Patron shots, pure liquid shit. In it are 4 "plugs" of "drugs" wrapped in medical tape. Apparently, some guy was going to prison and tried to smuggle in some "drugs" with him. The guards noticed him walking funny, figured out what was up, and gave him a laxative, and rather than collect the "plugs" when they came out, they told him to shit into the bag, which he did. They then sealed it up, with all the extraneous shit inside, and sent it my way. The best part is, I work for a few hours, vomiting in my mouth more than once, only to find out that this son of a bitch has smuggled in pipe tobacco and Tylenol, neither of which is illegal mind you, but obviously not allowed in prison. I got my credit hours. I dont work in a crime lab now.
After freshman year, I took an internship at a political research organization (let's call it Operation Save Democracy) in the middle of bum-fuck Montana. The work was shit: I spent the summer updating a list of elected officials from every city with a population over 29,000 in the country. The down time wasn't that bad: I got wasted pretty much every night (after one epic night with Jack Daniels I set the OSD record by puking 13 times the next day at work) and took trips to Glacier National Park and Vancouver. But this story isn't about menial work or getting drunk; this story is about a man we called P-Diddy.
P-Diddy weighed probably 350 pounds and sounded kinda like Steve Urkel with a southern accent. By any measure, he was a disgusting human. I sat across from him in our office. The smells that came from his workspace were not of this earth. Imagine the worst beershits you have ever had, then imagine they became moldy and stale: this is what Diddy smelled like on a regular basis. One day a few weeks into the summer, Diddy's supervisor made him go take a shower before he could do any work that day. Based on accounts relayed to me by one of his roommates (let's call him Edward), this was one of two showers Diddy took all summer.
All the interns lived in cabins on the organization's property. After a night of heavy drinking in the abandoned rock quarry near the property, Edward and another intern (let's call her Alicia) go back to Edward's cabin and start fooling around. They do a quick check and determine that everyone else in the cabin was asleep. Alicia takes off Edward's pants and goes to work. A few minutes later, Edward looks around the room and sees two glowing eyes staring right at him: Diddy was watching Edward get a BJ. Alicia finishes up and leaves. Immediately, Diddy runs to the bathroom and starts rubbing one out. Edward heard every horrific elephant grunt of Diddy's pleasure. I think it permanently scarred him.
Finally, an anonymous story about a future lawyer:
I've worked at a public defender's office in Georgia since 2007; I'm one of the lawyers you get after being arrested if you can't afford one. There's a law school nearby who often loans us 3L's (people in their third, and final, year of law school) as law clerks. Law clerks are what we call interns here. I don't know why. Anyway, my second year here was my first year to be here on the day when the clerks started. Our office is organized into different divisions based upon the type of crime. I work in the property division which is the busiest, but also least interesting division. Our law clerk, let's call him Andy because that's his name, started that day. Let me tell you, he was awful. Besides the normal "think they know everything when they really don't" mentality that clerks have, Andy had another annoying habit: Never showing up. He would tell us the day before when he would be there, and then he wouldn't. (One of his excuses once was, and I swear this is true, that he was feeling "out of sorts.") One of the chief jobs our clerks have is interviewing new clients at the county jail. We have a system set up so that we can send a fax to the jail a half hour before we are going to be there, and they will have our clients (often 5-9 people) in one area to cut down on wasted time waiting for guards to bring the people to the meeting rooms. One day Andy sent this fax and left our office... about an hour later we had a call from the jail asking if Andy was on his way. Apparently he never showed up. It got to the point were we started asking the other interns about it. Did he go to class? Had anyone see him recently? As it turns out, no. No one had seen him in a while. We actually starting fearing for his safety, so we wrote an e-mail to him, which was the limit of our caring. E-mail. He responded with this, cut and pasted from my e-mail, just a few redactions:
[Property Division Supervisor],
I have not quit law school. Whoever said that is an ignorant gossip whom you should not only never confide in, but should be reprimanded for spreading such ridiculous rumors in the office.
I intend on graduating in May 2009, getting married in June 2009, taking the bar in July 2009, and hopefully working at the [Redacted] Circuit Public Defender's Office for at least the next ten years.
Feel free to tell anyone my intentions.
That would have been a bit over the line as a reply if he had just sent it to us in the Property Division; however, he took this chance to do more than the minimum for the first and I assume only time in his life, he didn't just send it to those of us in the Property Division, he sent it to everyone in the entire office. The wrap-up — Apparently it is impossible to get fired as an intern at this office as he still got credit for never being here nor doing any work. He never got a job here, and never will. Also his chances of getting a job anywhere are hindered by two things: (1) asking to use my supervisor as a reference, and (2) failing the bar in 2009. I should point out I'm not sure if he actively failed. It is possible he just didn't show up.
Note to self: Never use a public defender in [Redacted].
Were you ever an intern pining for the chance to become an entry-level superstar? Or maybe you had to deal with a real lame-brain intern? Send in your stories with the subject line: Intern Horrors. They don't even have to be poop-related.


text:
This week in new hires, Mercer Hammond named three new national segment leaders; National Advisors Trust brought in Joseph Morsman; BKD Wealth Advisors announced internal promotions; and U.S. Bank's Private Client Reserve announced four new appointments.
Also, Amy Temkin was appointed vice president of strategic accounts by Curian Capital; Sarah Hinton was named senior counsel at Chambers Street Properties; Donald McGuire went to NewOak; and Robert Adler joined Thomas J. Herzfeld Advisors.
Mercer Hammond Names National Segment Leaders
Rich Nuzum, head of the investments business in the U.S. for Mercer Hammond, announced Tuesday that the firm has named new national segment leaders to lead three major components of the U.S. investments market. All three will continue to spend the majority of their time consulting with clients.
Rich Marra has been named to head the not-for-profit healthcare segment. He has 22 years of corporate finance experience and 15 years of institutional investment experience. He was formerly an assistant treasurer and director of pension investments at a major U.S. corporation. Chris Adkerson has been named to head the higher education endowments segment. He has 16 years of experience. Russ LaMore has been named to head the foundations segment. He serves as a consultant to a group of not-for-profit clients in the foundation and endowment segments and has 23 years of industry experience.
National Advisors Trust Welcomes Joseph Morsman
National Advisors Trust announced Tuesday that Joseph Morsman has joined the company as senior vice president–institutional trust, effective Oct. 8. He will also serve as assistant compliance officer, and will be a member of the trust company's executive management team and risk assessment committee.
Morsman is an attorney and certified public accountant with more than 29 years of experience in employee benefits. Prior to joining, he was senior vice president at Benefit Trust Co., and also held executive leadership positions with M&I Wealth Management, J.P. Morgan Retirement Plan Services and American Century Investment Management.
BKD Wealth Advisors Announces Promotions
Staff promotions and a certification were announced Monday by BKD Wealth Advisors.
Lynn Mayabb has been promoted to office director for the Kansas City and St. Louis practices. She has been an advisor for more than 20 years, and is the director of the firmwide financial planning committee.
Amy Frizzell has been promoted to office director for the Indianapolis, Ind., practice. She has been has been an advisor to high-net-worth families for 12 years.
Gretchen Cliburn, managing advisor, has received the Certified Divorce Financial Analyst (CDFATM) designation. She has been an advisor for 16 years, providing financial and estate planning services to high-net-worth families.
Private Client Reserve of U.S. Bank Names Cappelano, Donahue, Maaske, Oehler
The Private Client Reserve of U.S. Bank announced several new appointments recently.
John Cappelano has been appointed vice president and senior portfolio manager in Sacramento. In this role, he will oversee both individual and trust accounts, developing customized investment portfolios for high-net-worth clients. He brings more than 25 years of financial experience, and comes from The Wells Fargo Private Bank, where he served as a senior portfolio manager. Before that, he was a founding member at Contago Capital Advisors at ZionsBancorp, where he directed the ultrahigh-net-worth portfolio management team based in the Bay Area.
Anne Donahue has been promoted to the role of New York market leader. In her new role, she will lead a team of wealth management professionals providing investment management, private banking, trust and estate services and financial planning to clients in New York. She brings 25 years of banking experience to her new post. Before joining The Private Client Reserve, she held several positions with BNY Mellon with responsibility for Connecticut, New Jersey, Long Island and Westchester County. Previously, she worked for Citi and Chase Bank.
Lynn Maaske has been appointed vice president and wealth management advisor in St. Paul. In this role, she will develop and implement customized investment strategies and plans for individuals and families. She brings more than 31 years of investment management and trust experience to her new post. Before joining, she served as the market investment director at U.S. Trust and has held senior-level positions with such firms as U.S. Bancorp Insurance Services, UBS, Piper Jaffray and Wells Fargo.
Michael Oehler has been promoted to senior trust officer in the greater Sacramento area. He previously served as a regional financial planner. He brings more than 13 years of experience advising clients on estate, financial, business and tax planning matters. Previously, he was with Wells Fargo, where he developed a wealth planning practice and advised clients on estate planning and wealth management issues. He also served as a private practice attorney working with clients on estate and tax planning and trusts.
Curian Capital Appoints New Vice President of Strategic Accounts
Curian Capital announced on Monday the addition of Amy Temkin as vice president of strategic accounts. In her new role, she will lead the strategic accounts team, which initiates and manages relationships with broker-dealers. She will be based at the firm's Denver headquarters, and will report to Mark Schoenbeck, senior vice president and chief marketing officer.
Prior to joining, Temkin worked for ALPS Advisors, where she served as assistant vice president and head of institutional client relations. She previously spent more than five years with Janus Capital Group where she held various relationship management and sales positions.
Chambers Street Properties Appoints Senior Counsel
Chambers Street Properties recently announced that it has appointed Sarah Hinton to the position of senior counsel, a newly created position. She joins from the law firm of K&L Gates. She was an associate at the firm from 2006 to 2012; her experience included the representation of Chambers Street Properties in real estate and corporate matters.
Prior to joining K&L Gates, inton was a law clerk for The Honorable Ila Jeanne Sensenich of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania. From 2004 to 2005, she was an attorney advisor to the U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Administrative Law Judges. NewOak Appoints Donald McGuire COO and Head of Investment Banking
NewOak recently announced the appointment of Donald McGuire as chief operating officer and head of investment banking. As COO, he will direct day-to-day internal operations; as head of investment banking, he will lead NewOak's banking professionals.
McGuire joins with more than 27 years of experience in finance and operations at major investment banking, pharmaceutical, and technology companies around the globe. Most recently, he was managing partner of KDM Advisors in Greenwich, Conn. Before that, he served as chairman and CEO of Metastatin Pharmaceuticals. Earlier, he was president, COO and director of beenz.com in New York and London, as well as managing director and COO, investment banking-Americas for ING Barings/Furman Selz in New York.
Rob Adler Joins Thomas J. Herzfeld Advisors
Thomas J. Herzfeld Advisors announced Tuesday that Robert Adler has joined the firm as head of distribution. He will report directly to the firm's president, Thomas Herzfeld. In this newly created position, Adler will create partnerships for the firm and assist in growing its assets under management.
Adler was instrumental in developing the Virtus Herzfeld Fund (A shares, VHFCX; C shares, VHFCX; I shares, VHFIX), an open-end mutual fund from Virtus Investment Partners that is focused on closed-end fund strategies and is managed by Herzfeld Advisors as subadvisor to Virtus.
Prior to joining, Adler was an independent investment consultant. Before that, he served as the president of XTF Advisors. In addition to numerous other executive positions, he was co-founder of Northstar Investment Management Corp. before it was sold to ING. He has worked in the asset management business for over 25 years, including a long stint with Shearson Lehman.
Read the Oct. 3 New Hire Roundup at AdvisorOne.


text: The BRAVO project aims at developing a point-of-care diagnostic test for early detection of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The test is based on an impedrimetric biosensor integrated in a microfluidic cartridge. The sensor allows multiplex measurement of disease markers to be carried out using a single drop of patients' blood as a input, thereby offering a great improvement to the diagnosis and treatment of RA. The integration of the laboratory workflow (i.e., blood filtration and measurement fluidic sequence) in a microfluidic cartridge allows for automation, which results in reduced turnaround times and improved test quality. Sensor readout and control, signal processing, data management and presentation software will be integrated in a self-contained reader that will provide an easy-to-use interface to the end user at the point-of-care.


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Is It a 'Plain' Slice, a 'Regular' Slice, or Something Else Entirely?
Slice mail answered.
I received this interesting query a couple weeks ago and thought I'd share it with you. It involves word nerdery, which is a small interest of mine. Also--sorry for the slowness here this week. I've been on vacation this week. I'm in Wildwood, New Jersey. Haven't eaten much pizza--just did Sam's Pizza a couple times. OK. Back to the show. --The Mgmt.
Barry Popik (barrypopik.com) referred me to you after I sent him this inquiry:
> Any sense of what the more common [term] is in the NYC area to describe a slice of pizza with no toppings (other than cheese): a "regular" slice or a "plain" slice? I checked the 4 relevant take-out menus I have, and saw two uses of each.
Mr. Popik's replied:
> PLAIN SLICE + PIZZA--13,300 Google hits > REGULAR SLICE + PIZZA--7.060 Google hits > CHEESE SLICE + PIZZA--25,200 Google hits > PLAIN SLICE + PIZZA + BROOKLYN--710 Google hits > REGULAR SLICE + PIZZA + BROOKLYN--864 Google hits > CHEESE SLICE + PIZZA + BROOKLYN--1,101 Google hits > ... > I haven't studied this. Maybe you should ask the guy at the "Slice" pizza blog (slice.seriouseats.com). > ... > "Slice" (or "cheese slice") implies a plain/regular slice. That's what most people say. > ... > I prefer saying "plain" over "regular" -- "regular" is for the size of a pizza pie (regular, large, extra large). However, many restaurants use the word "regular" instead of "plain" because "plain" sounds drab for a slice. For a whole pie, "Pizza Margherita" is substituted for "plain pie."
Note: I thought I was leaning towards "plain slice" -- but now, after thinking too much, I'm not sure.
Any thoughts appreciated -- because, surely, this is important stuff.
--David D. Williamsburg, Bkln
------------------------------------------------------------ Dear David,
Interesting question. I've only lived here in NYC since 2000, but I picked up "plain slice" pretty soon after moving here.
Definitely not "cheese slice," as I think Barry's dead on--"plain slice" or "regular slice" or just plain "slice" implies crust-sauce-cheese.
I've never thought about "regular" as a modifier for the size of the pizza. I've heard it used most often when someone is ordering a square (Sicilian) slice and *then* a "regular" triangular-shaped slice--most often at places that are renown for squares:
"Yeah, lemme get two a those squares--corners--and ... a couple regular slices."
In that case, the "regular" refers to the round pie--the more commonly consumed type--and the assumption is that those "regular" slices are "plain slices."
If you will allow me further musings on language in ordering food in New York City, I've noticed that native New Yorkers often use the phrase "Lemme get XYZ."
Granted, I never really paid attention to ordering lingo while growing up in Kansas City or when I lived in the Northwest for a few years, but I had always learned to use phrases that were a bit more soft--"Yes, I'd like XYZ, please." Then again, I also use "Could I get XYZ"--but even that is a bit softer than "Lemme get...."
David, may I ask why you're researching this? Are you writing something about it or just curious?
If you'd like additional insight, with your permission I'd like to publish your query on Slice as a "Dear Slice" letter. Maybe the pizza gallery would have something interesting to say. But if you're working on some sort of article on it, I can sit on it.
Hasta la pizza, Adam ------------------------------------------------------------
Hi again, Adam,
I beg your pardon for this very belated reply!
Not research for a book, rather a blog about rhyming-nyc-things, including lots of NY food items...
Wasn't sure it would happen, but it just went up: http://NYCRhymology.com ...and I just posted "plain slice/Italian ice" and thought of you.
Myself, I'm also a "plain slice" guy, which is why I used that term in my post. But please feel free to inquire further to see what folks say. (For the purposes of my blog, I do rather care what is the more common usage.)
Also, I totally agree re: that expression "lemme get a" that NY'ers (and now I) use in stores... I have occasionally found myself using that expression when I'm home in my native St Louis, MO and it always sounds harsh!
(But I reckon a lot of my Missouri-flavored utterances sound quaint to NY'ers... e.g., an African cabbie once scolded me for calling him "sir"--he seemed to think it was a *colonial* thing! -- not that that will stop me from saying "yes ma'am", "yes sir", "please" and "thank you" like my parents taught me to do!)
Best wishes & thanks for the reply--as I said, pardon the delay, wasn't sure I had a reason to be asking my pizza question!
--David D.
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As I entered the house, I noticed more things were out of place. The trash can was sitting in the kitchen. There was crud all over the stairs. And the hand rail bracket (the one that had stripped screws and I couldn't remove) was ripped out of the wall. What was going on?
I climbed the stairs to find a surprise. My Dad had been to the house.
And the bathroom was bare. The toilet, vanity, and baseboards were gone. And he'd put cement board down so I could get started with the tile.
He'd already put one tile in place (in case I needed a hint for what I was supposed to do next?) on the floor.
It looks like I'm finally going to remodel one of my bathrooms. Of course, this particular bathroom is my guest bath. The one I'd been using while I was redoing the master bath.
When I removed the wallpaper and picked out the tile, I was working in the master bath. I had been using the guest bath as my one fully functioning bathroom. I couldn't help but laugh at the situation. My Dad was doing a wonderful thing by helping me out, but now my only functioning toilet would mean a trip to the downstairs powder room every morning.
In all honesty, it makes for a fantastic story. Starting with the guest bath means that the master bath job will be even better; I'll have more practice before tiling the one I'll use more often. And I can still use the tub and sink in the master bath, just not the toilet, so at least I wouldn't have to run to the gym to shower.
There was no way in hell I wouldn't have gotten this done this quickly without Dad's help. Despite the oddity of ripping out the bathroom I wasn't expecting to work on yet, I can't wait to get started.
No, I mean really, I can't wait. Needing to run downstairs to pee makes for one hell of a reason to get this done ASAP.


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Article content
MOSSMAN, Australia — Rodney Dockrill lights a fire beside a makeshift wooden hut and invites a group of reporters to stand beside him.
It's a ritual common among indigenous people of Queensland territory to welcome strangers into Mossman Gorge — located 80 km north of Cairns on the southern part of Daintree National Park and home to the aboriginal Kuku Yalanji clan.
"We like to share some of our history in Australia that doesn't often get talked about," explained Dockrill, who leads the group on a 90-minute Dreamtime stroll through the rainforest.
Mossman Gorge is one of the few places in the country where visitors can gain an insight into the lives, culture and beliefs of Australia's indigenous population and their connection to the natural environment. Only some 100 people live in this tight-knit community.
Through curved paths, visitors are encapsulated by towering trees. Dockrill, whose native name is Bilngumi, meaning "fresh water, saltwater crocodile," said there are 2,000 plant species here — most of them that indigenous people can use three or four different ways.
He points to a sarsaparilla bark and root. The primary flavouring in root beer, it can also be used as a soap or as an antiseptic to treat skin infections and digestive disorders.
During the outing, the rain poured as the group of reporters draped in plastic ponchos sat on boulders by a smouldering fire where one man began to tell a story of a mythical creature who would turn animals and humans to stone.
Clapping two wooden boomerangs — old hunting sticks — together, he made clicking sounds and began chanting in between sentences.
"As long as that rocks stands there, we believe that there will always be food animals around," the local storyteller said. "But when that rock falls, we believe our time is up and the demons will be released and do their worst. Why? Because we failed to go up to the mountain side and stand up beside each other."
Towards to the end of the tour, Dockrill kneels down and mixes sandstone with water in coconut shells to create an orange paint. He paints several lines up along his left arm, and contrasts it with black charcoal and white clay dots.
He also points out indigenous people use the white clay for toothpaste.
"It's like my ancestors coming together," he said of the design. "The lines indicate to me the boundaries — passing of generations. Every painting has a different meaning, but to me, it's about my descendants. I'm an aboriginalist, but also part-European. You can't have one without the other."
The gorge was designated a UNESCO heritage site in 1998 and it's Dockrill's hope through education future generations will help preserve this wonder.
"I think it's important because it's a life source," he said. "Everything here interconnects — like places like Southeast Asia or Canada. If you don't look out for mother Earth, we don't breathe oxygen anymore."
Qantas Airlines flies to Australia from Canada and the U.S., and has connecting flights to Cairns and other destinations across Australia. See qantas.com.au.
Mossman Gorge Centre is at 212r Mossman Gorge Rd., Mossman QLD 4873. For general enquiries and Dreamtime Walk tour bookings, contact +61 07 4099 7000, email@example.com or mossmangorge.com.au/Contact-Us.
For information on travelling in Queensland, Australia's second largest state, contact destinationqueensland.com.
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Time For Detention And Good Spanking!
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All our Sefer Torah Mantle creations can be customized with Hebrew and English embroidered inscriptions. Our Collection of Sefer Torah Mantles are fashioned by the most gifted and talented craftsmen on select velvets and velours. Only the finest silk and metallic lurex threads are used for our exclusive Synagogue Embroidery.
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text: Domenico Dolce and Stefano Gabbana met in Milan in 1980, and from their romance this legendary house of luxury Italian fashion formed. Dolce & Gabbana was founded in 1985, since becoming one of the most prestigious names associated with haute-couture. Initially launched at the Milan Fashion Week as an upcoming label and with no models to their name, Dolce & Gabbana, through the help of endorsers such as Madonna, grew into a household name. The direct control of creation through to sales ensures that Dolce & Gabbana possesses an authentic, distinctive look; this is highlighted by their striking approach to eyewear. As expected, Dolce & Gabbana glasses omit style, confidence and sophistication. Using embellishments like gold in their design, as well as stunning combinations of colour; from dark Havana to pale gold mirrored, there is a look to suit the taste of any user. Available in men and women's range, Dolce & Gabbana Prescription Glasses are crafted in Italy with a variety of shapes available; cat-eyed, squared, pilot – if you want it Dolce & Gabbana have it. Materials like metal alloy and light-wear acetate are implemented into the eyewear to ensure a comfortable and long-lasting product. At Glasses Station, we have a diverse range of Dolce & Gabbana spectacles ready for you to browse; whether for yourself or a loved one. Look for a pair of eye wear which will set your pulse racing – whether it is the DG3258 dark Havana frame and golden arm combination for women, or the DG5027 translucent grey finish for men. Combining Italian flair with a constant strive to be the best, you know Dolce & Gabbana eye wear will be a reliable companion for generations to come.All Dolce&Gabbana Glasses


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Mac Repair Barkingside, London. When you suddenly come down with a fault with your beloved Mac it is differ cult to know which way to turn. So many people now offer a Mac repair service so its difficult to know who you can trust. Our Apple Macintosh support specialist is a Certified Technician, so you can rest assured your Mac desktop or laptop is in safe hands.Are you based in or around Barkingside and are looking to get you Mac fixed asap! Look no further as you have come to the right place for everything Macintosh. We offer a fast, professional service 7 days a week and up till 9pm. Macbook, Macbook Pro, Macbook Air, Mac Pro, iMac, Mac Mini, we can fix them all. If your looking for advice, need data recovery, even some home or office support look no further. We can repair most Macs in a timely fashion , and in a lot of cases the same day or over night. Look no further than us. Contact us up to 10pm daily on our local call rate number. 0845 8340933 Ext 7
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So if you are or around the Barkingside area and are looking for a qualified engineer to sort out your macintosh nightmares, then Contact us today.


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Brian Buchanan will be back in 2014 for a second year as manager of the Lexington Legends. The Kansas City Royals announced the 2014 field staff Friday for each of their minor league affiliates, including the Legends.
Buchanan will be joined on the Legends staff by pitching coach Steve Merriman, hitting coach Abraham Nunez and bench coach Glenn Hubbard. Mark Keiser will return for his second year as the Legends' athletic trainer. Aaron Reis will serve as strength and conditioning coach.
"It is a great pleasure to have Brian — 'Buck' — back in Lexington," said Legends President/COO Andy Shea. "This is another strong sign of support to the Lexington community and the Lexington Legends from the Kansas City Royals."
Buchanan, a former major league player, has been a manager in the Kansas City system for four years. He was with Idaho Falls of the Pioneer League in 2010 and 2011 before moving to class A Kane County of the Midwest League for the 2012 season and Lexington in 2013, the Legends' first season as the Royals' class A affiliate.
Buchanan was an All-American player at the University of Virginia before being chosen by the New York Yankees in the first round of the 1994 draft. He played in the major leagues with Minnesota (2000-2002), San Diego (2002-2004) and the New York Mets (2005). He played in Japan in 2007 before signing with the Royals and playing for their triple-A affiliate in Omaha in 2008 and 2009.
Merriman served as pitching coach for Idaho Falls of the Pioneer League in 2013, his first year in the Royals' organization. He joined the Royals after serving as pitching coach for the University of Michigan in 2012. He was the Wolverines' hitting coach in the 1995 season and the pitching coach/recruiting coordinator in 2002.
Merriman coached in the New York Mets organization from 2004-06 and in the Arizona Diamondbacks organization from 2007-09. He worked for the Major League Scouting Bureau from 2009 to 2011, serving as an area scout in the Midwest. Merriman also spent time as an associate scout for the Colorado Rockies (2002-04) and was a bullpen catcher and bullpen practice pitcher for the Detroit Tigers (1996-99). Merriman holds a bachelor's of science degree in education from Central Michigan University and a master of education degree in sports administration from Wayne State.
Nunez joins the Legends after one year as the hitting coach at Burlington, the Royals' affiliate in the Appalachian League. He was the hitting coach with the Dominican Royals in 2012.
Nunez played in the major leagues for 12 seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates (1997-2004), St. Louis Cardinals (2005), Philadelphia Phillies (2006-07) and New York Mets (2008), hitting .242 lifetime as a utility infielder. He batted .285 in 139 games for St. Louis in 2005.
Hubbard, a former National League All-Star as a player, is in his fourth year with the Royals after 21 seasons as a coach in the Atlanta Braves' organization. For 12 seasons, he was the Braves' first base coach under manager Bobby Cox. Before joining the Braves' major league staff in 1999, Hubbard coached at Bradenton (1990), Macon (1991-92, 1994 and 1998) and Richmond (1993, 1995-97).
A 20th-round draft pick of the Braves in 1975, Hubbard played in the majors for Atlanta from 1978 to 1987. He concluded his playing career with Oakland, playing on an American League pennant winner in 1988 and the A's World Series championship team in 1989.
Hubbard was a National League All-Star in 1983. He tied a major league record for second baseman with 12 assists in a game on April 14, 1985.
Keiser enters his fourth year in the Kansas City system. He was the athletic trainer with Burlington in 2011 and Kane County in 2012 before being assigned to Lexington last season. Before joining the Royals, Keiser was a graduate assistant athletic trainer at East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina, while earning his Master of Science degree. in athletic training. At ECU, Keiser was primarily responsible for the volleyball, cheerleading, and the men's and women's tennis teams. Keiser graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in athletic training from Ohio University in 2009.
Reis joined the Kansas City system in June 2013 and worked with the Royals' Arizona League team. He was named the 2013 Arizona League Strength and Conditioning Coach of the Year by the Professional Baseball Strength and Conditioning Coaches Society. Reis earned a Bachelor of Science degree in exercise and sports science from the University of Evansville and is pursuing a Master's degree in exercise physiology from Southern Illinois University–Edwardsville.
The Legends open the 2014 season at home Thursday, April 3 against the West Virginia Power.
From Lexington Legends


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Melt 2 tablespoons butter with 2 tablespoons olive oil in heavy large skillet over medium heat. Add onions, lower heat and sauté, stirring occasionally until tender and golden brown, about 45 minutes. Season with salt and pepper.
Melt remaining 2 tablespoons butter with 1 teaspoon olive oil in another heavy large skillet over medium heat. Add the reconstituted morels, garlic, and shallot.
Sauté briefly, stirring frequently until shallot is translucent. Add the wine and simmer until almost all of the liquid has been absorbed, stirring frequently, about 12 minutes. Season with salt and pepper.
Preheat oven to 500°F at least 30 minutes before baking. Preheat a large, heavy baking sheet or pizza stone in the oven.
Position rack in bottom third of oven.
Roll out dough to about 1/4 inch on a lightly floured surface, allowing dough to rest a few minutes if it springs back. Lightly brush dough with olive oil.
Scatter caramelized onions over the dough, then the morel mushrooms over onions. Scatter dollops of the goat cheese over the top.
Using a pizza peel or inverted baking sheet, slide the pizza onto the preheated baking sheet or stone (this gives it a crisper bottom crust).
Bake pizza 6 minutes, then rotate. Bake about 6 - 8 minutes longer, or until crust is golden brown.
Carefully transfer pizza to cutting board. Let rest 1 minute. Slice into wedges and serve.
Basic Pizza Dough
Makes 1 large or 6 individual pizza crusts. 1 1/2 cups warm water (110°F to 115°F) 1 1/2 Tbsp sugar 3 tsp active dry yeast 4 1/2 cups all purpose flour 4 1/2 Tbsp olive oil 2 1/4 tsp salt Nonstick vegetable oil spray In a large, heavy bowl,mix warm water and sugar. Sprinkle yeast in and stir to dissolve. Let stand until mixture bubbles, about 10 minutes.
Add flour, 4 1/2 tablespoons oil, and salt. Stir to mix thoroughly, about 1 minute.
Transfer dough to floured surface; knead until smooth, about 5 minutes.
Spray large bowl with oil. Transfer the dough to the prepared bowl, turning to coat with oil. Cover bowl with plastic wrap.
Let dough rise in warm draft-free area until doubled in volume, about 1 hour.
Punch down, cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate 1 hour before rolling and baking.
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