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Calculating the Right Survey Sample Size
Calculating the right sample size is crucial to gaining accurate information! In fact, your survey's confidence level and margin of error almost solely depends on the number of responses you received. That's why FluidSurveys designed its very own Survey Sample Size Calculator. But before you check it out, I wanted to give you a quick look at how your sample size can affect your results.
Explaining Confidence Levels and Margin of Errors
The first thing to understand is the difference between confidence levels and margins of error. Simply put, a confidence level describes how sure you can be that your results are accurate, whereas the margin of error shows the range the survey results would fall between if our confidence level held true. A standard survey will usually have a confidence level of 95% and margin of error of 5%.
Here is an example of a confidence level and margin of error at work. Let's say we own a magazine with 1000 subscribers and we want to measure their satisfaction. After plugging in our information in the Survey Sample Size Calculator, we know that a sample size of 278 people gives us a confidence level of 95% with a margin of error of 5%. Our 95% confidence level states that 19 out of 20 times we conduct this survey our results would land within our margin of error. Our 5% margin of error says that if we surveyed all 1000 subscribers, the results could differ with a score of minus 5% or plus 5% from its original score.
For the purpose of this example, let's say we asked our respondents to rate their satisfaction with our magazine on a scale from 0-10 and it resulted in a final average score of 8.6. With our allotted margin of error and confidence level we can be 95% certain that if we surveyed all 1000 subscribers that our average score would be between 8.1-9.1.
What Happens When Your Sample Size is too Low?
Now that we know how both margins of error and confidence levels affect the accuracy of results, let's take a look at what happens when the sample size changes. The lower your sample size, the higher your margin of error and lower your confidence level. This means that your data is becoming less reliable.
If we continue with our example and decide to lower our number of responses to 158, we'll see a significant drop in our confidence level. Now our level of confidence has lowered to 90%, with a margin of error of 6%. So with the same satisfaction score of 8.6, we'd now only have a 9 in 10 chance of our results falling between a score of 8.0-9.2 if we surveyed all 1000 subscribers.
What if Your Sample Size is too High?
Theoretically speaking a sample size can never be too high. Unfortunately, it is sometimes much more expensive to incentivize or convince your target audience to take part. This could be expensive, and from a statistical perspective, ultimately frivolous. In some surveys, a high confidence level and low margin of error are easier to achieve based on the availability and size of your target audience. But most surveys, especially those involving the general public, a high number of responses can be difficult to achieve.
For these reasons, there exists the standard confidence level of 95% with a margin of error of either 5% or 2.5%. In the end, attempting to go beyond this level of accuracy could be unrealistic and ultimately a less beneficial priority than focusing on making sure your respondents are valid for your survey and are giving truthful responses.
How does the Calculator Work?
So you're probably wondering how to figure out how the Calculator determines what your sample size should be. Well, all you need is your desired confidence level and margin of error, as well as the number of people that make up your total population size. After plugging these three numbers into the Survey Sample Size Calculator, it conducts two survey sample size formulas for you and comes up with the appropriate number of responses. But just so you know the math behind it, here are the formulas used to calculate sample size:
- Sample Size Calculation:
Sample Size = (Distribution of 50%) / ((Margin of Error% / Confidence Level Score)Squared)
- Finite Population Correction:
True Sample = (Sample Size X Population) / (Sample Size + Population – 1)
Two things that may need explanation are the confidence level score and the distribution. The confidence level score is the standard deviation value that goes along with your confidence level. In the case of a confidence level of 95%, the confidence level score would equal 1.96. Distribution, on the other hand, reflects how skewed the respondents are on a topic. In the survey world it is almost always safest to stick with a 50% distribution, which is the most conservative.
Now that we cleared that out of the way, I know you're as excited as I am to do this formula by hand for our example above. So let's do it! To crosscheck my work, plug in our magazine company's three values into our survey sample size calculator. Remember, we have a population of 1000, and a desired confidence level of 95% and margin of error of 5%:
- Sample Size = (0.5 x (1-0.5)) / ((0.05/1.96)Squared)
Sample Size = 0.25 / ((0.02551…)Squared)
Sample Size = 0.25 / 0.00065077…
Sample Size = 384.16…
- True Sample = 384.16… x 1000 / 384.16… + 1000 – 1
True Sample = 384160.3024… /1383.1603
True Sample = 277.7409…
When we round our True Sample Size up to the nearest whole person, we get our value of 278 people. Therefore, in order to have a 95% confidence level with a 5% margin of error in our results, we would need to survey at least 278 of our 1000 subscribers.
Check Out Our Survey Sample Size Calculator Right Now!
Like we mentioned earlier, you don't need to go through this whole formula yourself. Simply click here or go through the FluidSurveys website's resources to enter our Survey Sample Size Calculator. You'll be able to determine your desired sample size in a matter of seconds!
Ready to get started, but don't have a FluidSurveys account? Go ahead and set up your own account by visiting our pricing page!
FluidSurveys Team
Latest posts by FluidSurveys Team (see all)
- It's All About Timing –When to Send your Survey Email Invites? - April 1, 2015
- Making Questions Required -How Online Surveyors Ruin their Results with One Click! - February 26, 2015
- Quota Sampling Effectively -How to get a Representative Sample for Your Online Surveys - February 19, 2015
- The Power of Repetition -How to Measure Your Organizations Progress with Survey Research - February 6, 2015
31 Comments
The true sample size equation should be written as: True Sample = Sample Size X Population / (Sample Size + Population – 1) based on your example.
Thanks Matt! Made that change to the blog!
BEDMAS is our friend 🙂
Very helpful for my work Thanks!
Hi – in your example (satisfaction on a scale of 1-10) is the average of 8.6 a weighted average?
Hi Liz!
In the case of my example, the average score is not weighted. It is a number I came up with to show how the different sample sizes would effect its accuracy. When making probability calculations, weighting is usually frowned upon. The reason for this being that you are giving some responses (or data points) more power than others in order to better represent their demographic or segment. This can skew results in unpredictable ways, making probability calculations less reliable.
Hope this helps!
Hi Rick, I read somewhere that if you have 14 questions on your survey, then its 10 x14 = 140 people required. Is this correct or total nonsense? Thanks in advance.
Hi Hauns,
I am sorry to say that the '10 times the number of questions in a survey' is not a proper measurement of your sample size. The number of questions has nothing to do with selecting a sample size that will achieve your desired level of confidence and margin of error. In fact, when you calculate a sample size, the resulting number is how many responses EACH question needs.
So, instead of building a target sample size based on the length of your survey, focus on how large your population is.
Example: You're surveying the attendees to a hockey game, let's say a grand total of 30,000 people, and wanted a margin of error of 5% with a confidence level of 95%. The resulting sample size is 380, meaning each survey question should receive a minimum of 380 responses! This number will never change based on the number of questions in the survey.
So in short, the 10 times formula is total nonsense. If you have any trouble calculating your sample size visit our sample size calculator, here's the link:
Hope this helped!
What margin of error and confidence level should I use in order to come up with a product sampling scheme where the product population is more than a million.
Hi aj,
Your desired margin of error and confidence level has nothing to do with your population size. The margin of error and confidence level represent how sure you would like your results to be. Industry standard for marketing research is a 95% confidence level with a margin of error of 5%. But if you wanted to get more precise you can shrink your margin of error to be 2.5%.
The only thing to remember is the higher your confidence level and the lower your margin of error the larger your sample size must be. So if you went with the standard your minimum sample size would be 385 people. With your margin of error reduced to 2.5% your sample size would change to a minimum of 1535 people.
Now all you have to do is choose whether getting that lower margin of error is worth the resources it will take to sample the extra people.
Hope this helps!
good pm. i would just like to ask what to do when sample size is already fix for a certain barangay for example
Hi ShErlyn,
If your sample size is already fixed then you can go ahead and collect responses until you fill the number you set it at.
What I think you mean is what to do if your population (target audience) is a fixed town or barangay or other predetermined group of people? In this case, just plug the population of your barangay into the population section of the calculator and choose your desired confidence level and margin of error.
Remember your population is the total number of viable respondents and your sample size is the number of responses you've collected for the survey.
Hope this information helps!
Does this work working for Random Sampling or it works even for people entering an online survey. Say for example I sent an online satisfaction survey to my department that contains 100 staff, is it alright to use this calculator to determine the exact sample required so that it represents the population?
Hi Sanks!
The calculator works perfectly for your staff example. In this case your population would be your 100 staff. If you send all 100 staff a survey invite, they are all in your potential sample. So with a confidence level of 95% with a margin of error of 5% your target sample size would be 80 people.
Hope this helps!
Thanks for your reply. Can we use this calculator for Non-Random sampling? Say I have the same 100 staff and it is upto them to take the survey, what is the same size I should be looking for? If not then what calculation to use to get a sample size that would be representative of the population?
Hey Shanks!
In your instance, you're sending a survey to everyone in your population (all 100 staff members receive an invite). That puts them all in equal opportunity to be in your sample pool.
Random sampling is used when a population is too big and hard to reach everyone, so you randomly choose people out of the large population to participate. Effectively giving everyone an equal chance at becoming part of the data. For example, random digit dialing across the country would be random sampling.
Though your case isn't technically random sampling, since every person has a chance to answer the survey, your project still falls under probability sampling, meaning the calculator can still be used. Refer to my previous reply for the formula requiring 80 responses 🙂
What you should look out for are different ways your sampling style could bias your responses through nonresponse error. Meaning the people who choose to answer your survey have different attitudes, opinions and behaviours than those who don't reply. Here is a link to the article I wrote on this type of bias:
Hope this helps!
Hi Rick!
My name is Nida, and currently I am conducting a research for my bachelor degree. I found your page is very helpful for my research. Anyhow, I have two questions about the number of population within my research.
My questions are;
1) what if a number of population is changing at any time?
2) is it better to go with the first number of population at the first time i have done my observation at my research site?
Thank you in advance. Looking forward to your response!
Hi Nida,
Need help with your homework? No problem!
Your question is interesting, and since I don't know the particulars to your study I can only give a blanket answer. Your population is defined by the number of potential respondents in your target group. Whenever you are collecting your responses, count that as your population.
So let's say I conducted a staff survey in 2012 and had a population of 65 people, but in 2013 when the report came out our population was 85. What do I use in my calculations? Well, the population in the research equation would remain 65, with the caveat of the date the study was taken. Remember the extra 20 staff members never had a chance to be in the study and therefore were not potential respondents in your target group.
The important thing for the you to do is identify in your presentation and reports when the data was collected.
Hop this helps!
Thanks a lot for the fast answer. I have one question again though. in what occasion should we use a particular number of confidence level? somehow, i am thinking to go with 95% of confidence level. is it because 95% is the most used or any other reason?
ps: to let you know, I read "Research Design Explained" by Mtchel & Jolley (2013), they use 95% confidence level of Amburg's table.
Hi Nida,
95% is an industry standard in most research studies. Many science experiments use 99% confidence because they want to be more sure of their results. If you have no specific reason not to, use 95% and allow your margin of error to fluctuate based on your sample size.
Thanks a lot Rick! Your answer is really helping 🙂
Hi Rick,
My name is Wisdom
My population is 45. Is it not advisable to use the entire population as the sample size since the population is very small?
Hi Wisdom,
The more of your population that respond to your survey the more confident you can be in your findings. If the entire population responds to your survey, you have a census survey. This means that you are 100% certainty that the information you collected is representative of your population. So it is actually best to survey all.
The smaller your population the larger portion of respondents you'll need to reach your desired confidence level. This is due to the Finite Population Correction formula.
The only reason not to use your entire population in your sample size would be due to your own lack of resources or inability to reach potential respondents.
Hope this helps!
Hi Rick,
Am Ann. I would like to know how to calculate sample size using confidence level and a set margin of error. I know the population is approximately 400
Hi Ann,
If you know your population, margin of error, and confidence level, simply go to our Sample Size Calculator and plug in your numbers. Here's the link:
If you are unsure on what your confidence level should be, most marketing and public opinion research projects use 95% as there standard.
Hop this helps!
hello Rick….
how can I do if i want to use a scientific calculator to get a sample size? I fail how to put the figures
Hi LUCY!
It's always great to check your work and not just blindly trust a survey sample size calculator you find on the internet. But how do you carry out the calculation on your own? Well that is what the formulas in this blog are for:
Sample Size Calculation:
Sample Size = (Distribution of 50%) / ((Margin of Error% / Confidence Level Score)Squared)
Finite Population Correction:
True Sample = (Sample Size X Population) / (Sample Size + Population – 1)
So first carry out the sample size calculation and then use that number in the finite population correction. Remember that the margin of error and distribution percentages take the form of decimals when you plug it into the formula (50% = 0.5 and 5% = 0.05). As for the confidence level score, this boils down to the standard deviation value that corresponds with your desired confidence level (95% confidence level = 1.96).
Finally, you are almost guaranteed to get a long string of decimal places on your resulting number. Just round this up to the closest whole number!
Hope this helps!
Hi Rick,
Should the formula for calculation of the sample size include the expected response rate? If I am not wrong, an existing formula implies 100% response rate! What if my expected response rate is 10%? I have population N=33500 and my calculated sample size is 380 (confidence level of 95% with a margin of error of 5%). If my expected response rate is 10% should I sent an email invitation to 3800 persons to make sure that I will have 380 responses? Another question is about randomness of my sample. I can randomly chose the 3800 potential participants but my sample still will not be random duo to the non-response bias. Is there any way to make sure that sample is really random?
Hi Dragan Kljujic!
Wow this is a two parter:
1) You're right! The sample size calculated refers to the number of completed responses you need to reach your desired confidence level and margin of error. So this does not include any nonresponses. You'll need to ensure you receive 380 completed responses to reach your probability goal, which may mean like you said, sending 3800 survey invited to achieve this.
2) Having a list of contactable potential respondents puts you at a major advantage to having a random sample. Like you said, you can randomly select your 3800 survey recipients to remain a probability sample or you can send a survey to every single person in your population (it may be more expensive, but you will gather more data and give everyone an equal chance to participate).
Unfortunately, non-response bias is a source of systematic error that is almost impossible to 100% satisfy. But there are some tricks to limit its affect on your results. Here's an important one:
-Send your survey invite and reminder email at different times and days of the week. Chances are those who missed the first email, will miss the reminder if it is sent at the same time in the week. I go into it in more detail in this article .
For more tips on combating nonresponse error, check out this blog I created a while ago:
Also, many researchers attempt to curb the affects of nonresponse bias by using weighting, but this will call into question the ability to call your study probability based. Unfortunately the only way to eliminate nonresponse bias completely would be to have a 100% response rate.
Hope this helps!
Just realized my links are broken! Here they are again:
First -Sending survey email invites at the right time:
Second -How to avoid nonresponse error:
Hello Rick, I'm Panos.
What happens if our population is not humans and it is an object?
I mean if if have a total of 1000 balls in a box and the 900 of them are white and 100 of them are black (black are the 10%) and want to randomly pick the least (the smaller possible) sample but this sample to have the characteristics of the Total (90% of ball white), what must I done with the confindence level and margin of error?
Must I put low condidence level and high margin of error?
Hello Panos!
From a probability perspective, whether sampling
objects or humans, there is no difference in sampling technique. Your problem
of having two distinct groups in your sample (white and black balls) is akin to
a survey sampling issue where you want to ensure each demographic is properly
represented. For example, you know half your population is female and half is
male, so you want to ensure your sample though smaller than the population will
also hold this 50/50 characteristic.
The short answer to your question is that your
confidence levels and margin of error should not change based on descriptive
differences within your sample and population. So with a confidence level of
95% a margin of error of 5% and a population of 1000 balls, you would come to a
desired sample size of 278 balls.
Now here is the tricky part, for your sample size
to properly mirror the population, 10% of the sample or 27.8 (let's round to
28) of the balls should be black. Researchers use several different techniques
to give all groups proper respresentation in a sample.
-First is quota sampling, only allowing the first
250 white balls and first 28 black balls into the sample and then tossing any
extras selected out of the study.
-Second, conducting two separate surveys, or in
this case putting the 900 white balls in a different bag than the 100 black
balls. If you really care about comparing the difference between both balls,
you'll have a random sample of each and can compare their differences. Unfortunately, if you take this
approach you will have difficulty measuring anything but their differences.
-Third, conduct the selection completely randomly,
the larger your sample size the more likely your sample will be representative
of the population. However, if there are any discrepancies, you can grant more
or less weight to the groups that are over or under represented.
The important thing to remember: If you are using
quotas or weighting, your survey's probability can be called into question.
This is due to the fact that quotas limit the equal chance of all potential
balls being selected and weighting overvalues and undervalues individual balls
with the assumption that a descriptor preselected by the researcher (in this
case colour) has a significant effect on what is being studied.
Something you may want to look into is nonresponse
error. This describes the affect created by the difference between a
sample group's make up and its target population's make up. Researchers have
several tricks to counter act some of the effects of the bias during their data
collection process but are still sometimes forced to rely on weighting and
other statistical techniques on the back end to combat nonresponse error.
Here's an article I wrote on it to get you started:
Hope this all helps!


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Today is field trip day.
Let us visit inside my head. What's bothering me today, kiddies? Oh, just EVERYTHING.
Graduate School
I potentially start graduate school in five days. This is highly unlikely, as all of the necessary components didn't arrive at the university until yesterday, but not entirely impossible.
I'm afraid that I'm going to get a phone call on Friday telling me that I'm in for the fall semester.
Still, I really want that phone call telling me that I'm in for the fall semester.
But I won't have books. I have no idea when I can squeeze myself into a class. I don't know how I'll pay for the first semester. And there will be precious little time for my brain to segue into student mode.
I am anxious because I am impatient. I am impatient because I want to start. So that I can finish. So that I can get out of this job and into a career.
I am anxious because I have no control over this situation.
My bank accounts
Um. What happened to all of my money? For real.
Mara's Wedding
Dread. Pure and simple. Dread.
And dread shouldn't be my overwhelming feeling going into the wedding of a cousin who I used to be really, really close with.
Because of that, there's a fair amount of guilt mixed in.
And fear. I'm afraid of another big blowout. I'm scared to see Uncle Alan, who is rumored to be coming to the wedding. I'm scared to make eye contact (let alone pleasant conversation) with Aunt Louise. I'm afraid that my dad will be treated like dirt. I'm terrified of what I would say or do if I am provoked. I am afraid that I will spend the entire weekend with a chip on my shoulder, pissed that I am there, pissed that I have such assholes for relatives, pissed that I am wasting away my long weekend.
The whole thing makes me terribly nervous.
The Big Move
I told my parents that I want to move.
But I don't think that I've told them that I'm definitely going to move.
And I definitely haven't told them that, when I do move, it is probably going to be into their house.
Oh. And it will be in approximately five weeks. And I need help with the furniture and the television.
Anxiety racks me whenever I merely allow myself to consider all of the work that moving will entail. My clothes definitely won't all fit in my bedroom at Mom and Dad's house. My books don't fit in the bookshelves. And what the fuck am I'm going to do with my furniture?
This is too good. This is too good to last. My anxiety is fueled by the fear that this is temporary. And I don't want it to be.
I am more attached, more vulnerable, more happy, more hopeful than I have ever been.
Mom's birthday
Next Monday! I am so bad at shopping for her, but between Meg and I (with a little of Mom's help – way to buy yourself a Coach purse!) it seems that we have everything covered. Of course, I'm worrying that she'll hate everything, think that it is too expensive, or return it just for the sake of returning it and breaking my heart.
I volunteered to bake her birthday cake, too. As I am an overachiever and entirely open to setting myself up for praise, I spent most of my workday looking for The Perfect Cake. I found the recipe. And now I will spend the rest of my week imagining all of the ways I could potentially ruin it.
Are you scared yet? I could go on.
Hopefully your nightmares tonight aren't too severe.
Wednesday, August 22, 2007
I am a ball of anxiety
Posted by A at 2:26 PM
Labels: Colin, domesticity, family, me me ME, pursuit of higher education
1 comments:
- Laurie said...
Deep breaths. Everything will work out.
Can you bake me a birthday cake? My b-day is Sept. 29, you have plenty of time to plan ;)
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text:
Summary Report for:
29-2054.00 - Respiratory Therapy Technicians
Provide respiratory care under the direction of respiratory therapists and physicians.
Sample of reported job titles: Certified Respiratory Therapy Technician (CRTT), Pulmonary Function Technician (PF Technician), Registered Pulmonary Function Technologist (RPFT), Respiratory Care Assistant (RCA), Respiratory Director, Respiratory Supervisor, Respiratory Technician, Respiratory Therapy Assistant, Respiratory Therapy Technician (RTT)
Tasks | Technology Skills | Tools Used | Knowledge | Skills | Abilities | Work Activities | Detailed Work Activities | Work Context | Job Zone | Education | Credentials | Interests | Work Styles | Work Values | Related Occupations | Wages & Employment | Job Openings | Additional Information
- Work with patients in areas such as the emergency rooms, neonatal or pediatric intensive care, or surgical intensive care, treating conditions such as emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, or pneumonia.
- Monitor patients during treatment and report any unusual reactions to the respiratory therapist.
- Keep records of patients' therapy, completing all necessary forms.
- Use ventilators or various oxygen devices or aerosol and breathing treatments in the provision of respiratory therapy.
- Follow and enforce safety rules applying to equipment.
- Set equipment controls to regulate the flow of oxygen, gases, mists, or aerosols.
- Collect and analyze arterial blood gas samples.
- Read and evaluate physicians' orders and patients' chart information to determine patients' condition and treatment protocols.
- Assess patients' response to treatments and modify treatments according to protocol if necessary.
- Prepare or test devices, such as mechanical ventilators, therapeutic gas administration apparatus, environmental control systems, aerosol generators, or electrocardiogram (EKG) machines.
- Administer breathing or oxygen procedures, such as intermittent positive pressure breathing treatments, ultrasonic nebulizer treatments, or incentive spirometer treatments.
- Explain treatment procedures to patients.
- Interview or examine patients to collect clinical data.
- Provide respiratory care involving the application of well-defined therapeutic techniques under the supervision of a respiratory therapist and a physician.
- Perform diagnostic procedures to assess the severity of respiratory dysfunction in patients.
- Clean, sterilize, check, and maintain respiratory therapy equipment.
- Teach patients how to use respiratory equipment at home.
- Recommend or review bedside procedures, x-rays, or laboratory tests.
- Teach or oversee other workers who provide respiratory care services.
Technology Skills
- Electronic mail software — Microsoft Outlook
- Medical software — Omnicare Cypress Therapy Management; Patient electronic medical record EMR software; Ventilator operation software
- Spreadsheet software — Microsoft Excel
- Word processing software — Microsoft Word
Hot Technology — a technology requirement frequently included in employer job postings.
Tools Used
- Adult or pediatric intensive care ventilators — Portable volume ventilators
- Apnea monitors or accessories — Apnea monitors
- Bedside pulmonary function screeners — Bedside pulmonary function testing PFT equipment
- Blood collection syringes — Blood drawing syringes
- Blood gas analyzers — Arterial blood gas ABG machines
- Breathing circuit bags — Bag-valve masks
- Calorimeters
- Cardiac ultrasound or doppler or echo units or cardioscopes — Echocardiogram machines
- Chest cuirass products — Chest shell ventilators
- Chest percussors — Postural drainage percussors
- Desktop computers
- Electrocardiography EKG units — Electrocardiography EKG machines
- Electroencephalograph EEG or accessories — Electroencephalography EEG equipment
- Endotracheal tubes — Endotracheal ET tubes
- Flow sensors or regulators or components — Oxygen flowmeters
- Intermittent positive pressure breathing IPPB machines — Intermittent positive pressure breathing IPPB apparatus
- Long term continuous electrocardiography EKG or holter monitoring systems — Holter monitors
- Medical acoustic stethoscope or accessory — Mechanical stethoscopes
- Medical aerosol tents — Oxygen tents
- Medical nasal cannulae
- Medical oxygen masks or parts — Adult oxygen masks; Oral nasal face masks; Pediatric oxygen masks; Venturi masks
- Medical suction or vacuum appliances — Endotracheal suction equipment; Nasal suctioning equipment; Oropharyngeal suction equipment
- Nebulizer or accessories — Aerosol masks; Electronic compressor nebulizers
- Non invasive bi level machines — Bilevel positive airway pressure BiPAP ventilators
- Non invasive continuous positive air pressure machines — Continuous positive airway pressure CPAP ventilators
- Notebook computers — Laptop computers
- Oxygen concentrators
- Oxygen therapy delivery system products accessories or its supplies — Oxygen therapy equipment
- Pulmonary function calculators
- Respirators
- Respiratory humidifiers or vaporizers — Therapeutic humidifiers
- Respiratory therapy compressors — Respiratory therapy air compressors
- Sleep study monitors or accessories — Pneumogram equipment
- Spirometers or its accessories or its supplies — Handheld spirometers
- Sputum collection apparatus or containers — Sputum traps
- Steam autoclaves or sterilizers — Steam sterilizers
- Treadmills — Stress treadmill machines
- Customer and Personal Service — Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
- Medicine and Dentistry — Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
- English Language — Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
- Psychology — Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
- Public Safety and Security — Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
- Education and Training — Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
- Mathematics — Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
- Mechanical — Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
- Chemistry — Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
- Biology — Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
- Physics — Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub- atomic structures and processes.
- Sociology and Anthropology — Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures and their history and origins.
- Active Listening — Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
- Critical Thinking — Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
- Monitoring — Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
- Service Orientation — Actively looking for ways to help people.
- Reading Comprehension — Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
- Social Perceptiveness — Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
- Active Learning — Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
- Speaking — Talking to others to convey information effectively.
- Coordination — Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
- Judgment and Decision Making — Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
- Operation Monitoring — Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
- Operation and Control — Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
- Complex Problem Solving — Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
- Instructing — Teaching others how to do something.
- Learning Strategies — Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
- Systems Analysis — Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
- Systems Evaluation — Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
- Time Management — Managing one's own time and the time of others.
- Troubleshooting — Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
- Writing — Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
- Oral Comprehension — The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
- Problem Sensitivity — The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem.
- Inductive Reasoning — The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
- Oral Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
- Deductive Reasoning — The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
- Near Vision — The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
- Speech Clarity — The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
- Written Comprehension — The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
- Speech Recognition — The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
- Information Ordering — The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
- Arm-Hand Steadiness — The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
- Category Flexibility — The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
- Control Precision — The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
- Finger Dexterity — The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
- Flexibility of Closure — The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
- Perceptual Speed — The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
- Speed of Closure — The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
- Written Expression — The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
- Manual Dexterity — The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
- Time Sharing — The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
- Visualization — The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Work Activities
- Assisting and Caring for Others — Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
- Making Decisions and Solving Problems — Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
- Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events — Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
- Getting Information — Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
- Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge — Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
- Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material — Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
- Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates — Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
- Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work — Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
- Interacting With Computers — Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
- Documenting/Recording Information — Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
- Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships — Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
- Controlling Machines and Processes — Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
- Performing for or Working Directly with the Public — Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
- Performing General Physical Activities — Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling of materials.
- Processing Information — Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
- Monitor Processes, Materials, or Surroundings — Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
- Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards — Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
- Handling and Moving Objects — Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
- Developing and Building Teams — Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
- Developing Objectives and Strategies — Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
- Analyzing Data or Information — Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
- Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People — Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
- Training and Teaching Others — Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
- Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others — Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
- Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others — Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
- Thinking Creatively — Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
- Coaching and Developing Others — Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
- Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information — Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
- Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others — Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
- Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates — Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Detailed Work Activities
- Treat chronic diseases or disorders.
- Inform medical professionals regarding patient conditions and care.
- Monitor patient conditions during treatments, procedures, or activities.
- Record patient medical histories.
- Treat acute illnesses, infections, or injuries.
- Operate diagnostic or therapeutic medical instruments or equipment.
- Follow protocols or regulations for healthcare activities.
- Verify that medical activities or operations meet standards.
- Adjust settings or positions of medical equipment.
- Analyze laboratory specimens to detect abnormalities or other problems.
- Collect biological specimens from patients.
- Analyze patient data to determine patient needs or treatment goals.
- Evaluate patient outcomes to determine effectiveness of treatments.
- Examine medical instruments or equipment to ensure proper operation.
- Explain medical procedures or test results to patients or family members.
- Collect medical information from patients, family members, or other medical professionals.
- Examine patients to assess general physical condition.
- Test patient heart or lung functioning.
- Clean medical equipment or facilities.
- Maintain medical equipment or instruments.
- Sterilize medical equipment or instruments.
- Instruct patients in the use of assistive equipment.
- Prescribe treatments or therapies.
- Supervise patient care personnel.
- Train medical providers.
Find occupations related to multiple detailed work activities
Work Context
- Contact With Others — 100% responded "Constant contact with others."
- Exposed to Disease or Infections — 91% responded "Every day."
- Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 98% responded "Every day."
- Physical Proximity — 95% responded "Very close (near touching)."
- Face-to-Face Discussions — 90% responded "Every day."
- Frequency of Decision Making — 95% responded "Every day."
- Work With Work Group or Team — 85% responded "Extremely important."
- Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 79% responded "Extremely important."
- Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 78% responded "Very important results."
- Consequence of Error — 80% responded "Extremely serious."
- Freedom to Make Decisions
- Telephone — 73% responded "Every day."
- Time Pressure — 71% responded "Every day."
- Structured versus Unstructured Work — 59% responded "Some freedom."
- Deal With External Customers — 53% responded "Extremely important."
- Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 42% responded "Continually or almost continually."
- Responsible for Others' Health and Safety — 38% responded "Very high responsibility."
- Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 43% responded "Every day."
- Spend Time Standing — 63% responded "More than half the time."
- Coordinate or Lead Others — 39% responded "Important."
- Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 25% responded "Once a month or more but not every week."
- Spend Time Walking and Running — 33% responded "Continually or almost continually."
- Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 42% responded "Extremely important."
- Exposed to Radiation — 36% responded "Once a week or more but not every day."
- Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 40% responded "Every day."
- Exposed to Contaminants — 28% responded "Every day."
- Frequency of Conflict Situations — 36% responded "Once a year or more but not every month."
Job Zone
|Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed
|Most occupations in this zone require training in vocational schools, related on-the-job experience, or an associate's degree.
|Related Experience
|Previous work-related skill, knowledge, or experience is required for these occupations. For example, an electrician must have completed three or four years of apprenticeship or several years of vocational training, and often must have passed a licensing exam, in order to perform the job.
|Job Training
|Employees in these occupations usually need one or two years of training involving both on-the-job experience and informal training with experienced workers. A recognized apprenticeship program may be associated with these occupations.
|Job Zone Examples
|These occupations usually involve using communication and organizational skills to coordinate, supervise, manage, or train others to accomplish goals. Examples include hydroelectric production managers, travel guides, electricians, agricultural technicians, barbers, court reporters, and medical assistants.
|SVP Range
|(6.0 to < 7.0)
Interest code: SRI Want to discover your interests? Take the O*NET Interest Profiler at My Next Move.
- Social — Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others.
- Realistic — Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
- Investigative — Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.
- Conventional — Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow.
Work Styles
- Integrity — Job requires being honest and ethical.
- Dependability — Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
- Concern for Others — Job requires being sensitive to others' needs and feelings and being understanding and helpful on the job.
- Self Control — Job requires maintaining composure, keeping emotions in check, controlling anger, and avoiding aggressive behavior, even in very difficult situations.
- Attention to Detail — Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
- Independence — Job requires developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.
- Cooperation — Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
- Stress Tolerance — Job requires accepting criticism and dealing calmly and effectively with high stress situations.
- Adaptability/Flexibility — Job requires being open to change (positive or negative) and to considerable variety in the workplace.
- Initiative — Job requires a willingness to take on responsibilities and challenges.
- Social Orientation — Job requires preferring to work with others rather than alone, and being personally connected with others on the job.
- Achievement/Effort — Job requires establishing and maintaining personally challenging achievement goals and exerting effort toward mastering tasks.
- Persistence — Job requires persistence in the face of obstacles.
- Analytical Thinking — Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
- Innovation — Job requires creativity and alternative thinking to develop new ideas for and answers to work-related problems.
- Leadership — Job requires a willingness to lead, take charge, and offer opinions and direction.
Work Values
- Relationships — Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service.
- Support — Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
- Achievement — Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
Related Occupations
Wages & Employment Trends
Median wage data for Medical Dosimetrists, Medical Records Specialists, and Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other.
|Median wages (2019)
|$20.50 hourly, $42,630 annual
|State wages
|Local wages
|Employment (2018)
|9,300 employees
|Projected growth (2018-2028)
|Decline (-2% or lower)
|Projected job openings (2018-2028)
|State trends
|Top industries (2018)
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 2019 wage data and 2018-2028 employment projections . "Projected growth" represents the estimated change in total employment over the projections period (2018-2028). "Projected job openings" represent openings due to growth and replacement.
Job Openings on the Web
Sources of Additional Information
Disclaimer: Sources are listed to provide additional information on related jobs, specialties, and/or industries. Links to non-DOL Internet sites are provided for your convenience and do not constitute an endorsement.


text:
Spinach Cake
(Ispanakli Kek)
3 eggs
1 1/2 cup sugar
1 tsp vanilla extract
~500 gr spinach, roots cut off*, washed, drained
1/2 cup extra virgin olive oil
2 tbsp lemon juice
2 1/2 cups flour, sifted
1 tsp baking powder
For on top:
1 cup whipped cream
3L Pyrex
Puree the spinach in a food processor, put aside. Whisk the egg and sugar in the mixer or by hand. Add the olive oil, lemon juice, vanilla extract and pureed spinach in it and mix. Then add flour and baking powder. Mix for a few minutes. Pour into the oiled Pyrex.
Preheat the oven to 375 F. Check with a toothpick to see if it's done, bake until it comes out clean. It takes about 30 minutes.
Let it cool down, then take it out of the Pyrex. Cut off the sides about 1 inch wide, and mix these using a blender to get them in powder form, put aside. Place the cake on a service plate. Spread whipped cream on the top, then sift the powdered cake on top of the cream. Slice it up and serve.
* Don't throw away the roots of the spinach, instead make Spinach Root Salad.
Labels: Cakes and Cookies


text:
|The Keystone State
|Official Language
|Tom Wolf, D
|Bob Casey, Jr., D
(202) 224-6324
|Pat Toomey, R
(202) 224-4254
|Ratification of Constitution/or statehood
|December 12, 1787 (2nd)
|Motto: "Virtue, Liberty, and Independence"
Pennsylvania, which means "Penn's woods" or "Penn's land," was one of the original thirteen colonies in the United States. Its capital is Harrisburg and it borders Ohio, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and West Virginia. For two decades Pennsylvania repeatedly voted for the Democrat candidate for president, but in 2016 Republican Donald Trump carried the state by 44,000 votes with his message of "Make America Great Again" along with his criticism of free trade and illegal immigration.
Pennsylvania will be a key swing state for the 2020 presidential election, such that it will be difficult for a candidate to win the race without winning Pennsylvania. As early as April 29, 2017, Donald Trump held a rally there in Harrisburg, and is repeatedly returning to the state until the election. Democrats switched to support Joe Biden as their presidential nomination in 2020 in part because of his popularity in Pennsylvania, where he was born and lived as a child until his family moved to neighboring Delaware.
The state Constitution of Pennsylvania, like all of the other 50 states, acknowledges God or our Creator or the Sovereign Ruler of the Universe. It says:
- WE, the people of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of civil and religious liberty, and humbly invoking His guidance, do ordain and establish this Constitution.
When Europeans settlers arrived in the early 17th century the area was inhabited by about 15,000 Indians; they belonged to three main tribal groups, the Delaware, Susquehanna, and Shawnee. The English, Dutch, and Swedes all sought to occupy the land, but the English won the wars and took control. Dutch trading posts were established first; in 1637 Swedes built Fort Christina, and in 1643, began the first permanent settlement, located at the mouth of the Schuylkill River. The Dutch seized New Sweden in 1655, only to lose it to the English in 1664. King Charles II gave it to William Penn to pay off debts; the Penn family were the proprietors (owners) until 1776, when they were overthrown by the patriots as part of the American Revolution.
Religious toleranceThe colony was founded and owned by William Penn, an English Quaker who wanted a place where Quakers and other denominations could worship freely without persecution. The first Colonial Legislative Act, the Great Law of Pennsylvania, December 7, 1682, mandated:
"That no person ... who shall confess and acknowledge one Almighty God to be the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the World ... shall in any case be molested or prejudiced for his, or her Conscientious persuasion or practice." [1]
Benjamin Franklin helped write Pennsylvania's 1776 Constitution. In Frame of Government, Chapter 2, Section 10, it states: "Each member of the legislature, before he takes his seat, shall make and subscribe the following declaration: 'I do believe in one God, the Creator and Governor of the Universe, the Rewarder of the good and Punisher of the wicked, and I do acknowledge the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament to be given by Divine Inspiration.'"
18th century
Quakers came to the Philadelphia area, where many became successful merchants, handling the long-distance trade to London and other parts of the British Empire. Pennsylvania attracted large numbers of Germans, including Lutherans and many smaller sects. They were farmers in the southeast. Scots-Irish (mostly Presbyterians) settled the frontier regions. Pennsylvania was the third largest colony by 1775, with 275,000 people (including a few thousand black slaves who worked mostly as house servants).
Philadelphia grew quickly into the largest city in colonial America and with 35,000 people in 1776 was the second largest city in the British Empire. The city's economy was based on growing agricultural wealth from prosperous inland farms which sent their surplus grains, cattle and horses for export. Entrepreneurs set up prosperous shipbuilding works on the Delaware River, and opened an iron industry. The Quaker merchants favored education and civic culture, creating a rich cultural and intellectual life that gave Philadelphia the nickname, "the Athens of America."
The Continental Congress met in Philadelphia from 1774 to 1783, with an interruption when the British occupied the city in 1777 and the government moved to Lancaster and York. The Declaration of Independence was signed there in 1776, the Liberty Bell is there, and the Continental Army spent the winter of 1777 at Valley Forge outside Philadelphia, where they suffered severe hardships for want of supplies.
Early national period
The American Constitution was written in Philadelphia in 1787. Pennsylvania was the 2nd State to join the Union on December 12, 1787 and the city was the national capital from 1790 to 1800. In 1790 the state adopted a more conservative state constitution; state capital was relocated in 1800 to Lancaster, and then to Harrisburg in 1812.
The population grew with high birth rates, and low death rates, but little immigration. Scotch Irish filled out the frontier. A strong sense of commitment to Jeffersonian Democracy and Jacksonian Democracy gave the Jeffersonian Republicans and (after 1830) the Democratsa strong position. The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 saw western farmers angrily protest the federal tax on their most portable product. President Washington personally led an army against it, and the rebels immediately gave in. A new and more democratic state constitution was adopted in 1838.
Civil War Era
The antislavery movement flourished after Quaker originated the anti-slavery cause and freed their own slaves.
The need for Philadelphia to maintain access to the expanding interior and the West, both as markets and as sources of materials, such as coal and iron, to be sold and manufactured, led to aggressive state programs to improve the transportation system. The Philadelphia-Lancaster Turnpike, first in the nation, was completed in 1794; the state built hundreds of miles of canals; mules pulled boats loaded with commerce and passengers. The canal system was linked by the Allegheny Portage Railroad over the Allegheny mountains in 1835. Private enterprise built railroads that opened up the anthracitge coal region, which became the premier energy source for America by 1850. Philadelphia became an industrial city, famous for textiles, iron and steel, and railroad equipment along with commerce and shipbuilding. The world's first major oil wells were drilled near Titusville in 1859 and the northwestern part of the state became the center for Standard Oil and other companies.
Pennsylvania's only president, James Buchanan, proved a failure in allowing seven southern states to break away under his watch. During the war Gettysburg was the scene of the war's most decisive battle, July 1–3, 1863—and Pennsylvania furnished men and leaders, including generals George B. McClellan, Winfield S. Hancock, and George Meade and Adm. David D. Porter, for the Union army and navy. Philadelphia banker, Jay Cooke was the leading financier of the Civil War; he invented a sytstem of savings bonds that allowed ordinary people to help finance the war. Philadelphia continued as a financial leader in the nation until after 1870, when it was far overshadowed by New York.
Pennsylvania is a purple state, it voted Democrat in presidential elections since 1992. It swung to red in 2016 when Donald Trump won. The Pennsylvania State Senate consists of 30 Republicans and 20 Democrats. The State House has 112 Republicans and 90 Democrats. Republicans also have a 12-7 edge in Pennsylvania's federal House delegation.
Elected Officials
- Sen. Robert Casey (D)
- Sen. Patrick Toomey (R)
- Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick [R, PA-01]
- Rep. Brendan Boyle [D, PA-02]
- Rep. Dwight Evans [D, PA-03]
- Rep. Madeleine Dean [D, PA-04]
- Rep. Mary Gay Scanlon [D, PA-05]
- Rep. Chrissy Houlahan [D, PA-06]
- Rep. Susan Wild [D, PA-07]
- Rep. Matt Cartwright [D, PA-08]
- Rep. Dan Meuser [R, PA-09]
- Rep. Scott Perry [R, PA-10]
- Rep. Lloyd Smucker [R, PA-11]
- Rep. Tom Marino [R, PA-12]
- Rep. John Joyce [R, PA-13]
- Rep. Guy Reschenthaler [R, PA-14]
- Rep. Glenn Thompson [R, PA-15]
- Rep. Mike Kelly [R, PA-16]
- Rep. Conor Lamb [D, PA-17]
- Rep. Michael F. Doyle [D, PA-18]
- Governor Tom Wolf (D)
- Lt. Governor Mike Stack (D)
Major cities
Pennsylvania is known as the "Keystone State".
Pennsylvania is the birthplace and home of President James Buchanan.
Pennsylvania was the only one of the 13 original colonies to be completely landlocked—it did not border an ocean.
The ruffled grouse is the state bird of Pennsylvania.
The white-tailed deer is the state animal of Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania is home to the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers, the NHL's Philadelphia Flyers and Pittsburgh Penguins, Major League Baseball's Philadelphia Phillies and Pittsburgh Pirates, and the NFL's Pittsburgh Steelers and Philadelphia Eagles. Additionally, Pennsylvania State University is a traditional college football powerhouse, and Villanova University and the University of Pittsburgh have had great success in college basketball as of late.
Pennsylvania was named by the king after William Penn's father (Penn himself did not want the name used.)[2] The name means "Penn's woods".
Further reading
- Miller, Randall M. and William A. Pencak, eds. Pennsylvania: A History of the Commonwealth (2002), detailed scholarly history
- Beers, Paul B. Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday (1980), government textbook
- Klein, Philip S and Ari Hoogenboom. A History of Pennsylvania (1973), solid college textbook
- Weigley, Russell. Philadelphia: A 300-Year History (1982)
- WPA Federal Writers' Project. Pennsylvania: A Guide to the Keystone State, 1940.
See also
- Blue states
- Purple states - swing states that can vote either Republican or Democrat
- Johnstown flood tax
- ↑ http://www.docheritage.state.pa.us/documents/constitutiontrans.asp
- ↑ He wrote, "This day, my country was confirmed to me under the great seal of England, with privileges, by the name of Pennsylvania, a name the King would give it in honor of my father. I chose New Wales, being as this, a pretty, hilly country, but Penn being Welsh for head as in Penmanmoire, in Wales, and Penrith, in Cumberland, and Penn, in Buckinghamshire . . . called this Pennsylvania, which is the high or head woodlands; for I proposed, when the secretary, a Welshman, refused to have it called New Wales, Sylvania and they added Penn to it, and though I opposed it and went to the King to have it struck out and altered he said it was past . . nor could twenty guineas move the under-secretary to vary the name" See source


text:
0330 096 6451
Request a Callback | Compare | Share
- 3 Years Insurance
- 3 Years Servicing
- 3 Years Tax
- 3 Years Warranty
These prices are based on the Higher Rate Motability Component. Pricing and offers are correct at the date of publication and are subject to confirmation. Pricing may not be accurate as pricing is updated quarterly. Unless otherwise stated, metallic paint at extra cost. Library image for illustration purposes only.
Fuel: Petrol
Body: Hatchback
Trans: Manual
Electric front windows, ABS+EBD+Brake assist, E-call, Cruise control + speed limiter, Push button starter, Trip computer, Body colour door mirrors, FM/AM/DAB tuner, 2x20W speakers, Bluetooth audio streaming and hands free call, USB, Aux-in sockets and smartphone cradle...
It's easy with Motability! You choose the car, we do the rest.
Combined - 54 mpg EC Extra Urban - 0 mpg EC Urban - 0.
Insurance Group
Insurance groups range from 1 to 50 and dictates the cost of the vehicles insurance. The higher the group, the higher the insurance will be for the vehicle.
Performance (BHP)
BHP rates the engine performance of vehicles and stands for the brake horsepower.
CO2 (g/km)
CO2 is the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the vehicle in grams per kilometre travelled, the lower the CO2 emissions the cleaner the vehicle is for the environment.
Number Of Seats
The total number of seats in the vehicle.
Road Tax
Road Tax is based upon the CO2 emissions of the vehicle and is split into 13 bands from A to M. The higher the letter the greater the cost of tax paid to drive the vehicle on public roads. In addition to the road tax detailed below, any vehicle that had a manufacturers retail price in excess of £40,000 when first sold, attracts a road tax supplement of an additional £320 per year. This is charged until the vehicle is 6 years old.
Ten Second Review
This fifth generation Clio supermini offers the kind of complete package that could return this model line to its old position as one of Europe's favourites. Tougher segment competition has forced Renault to up its game, particularly in terms of cabin technology, fit and finish. There's greater practicality, extra safety and media technology and a sharper look. Plenty to like then.
The Renault Clio. It's the definitive expression of this French brand's vast experience in the supermini class, building on the company's reputation for building compact cars that are characterful, fun to drive and technically accomplished - qualities that go back all the way to the famous Renault 4 and 5 models of old. Here's the latest, much improved fifth generation version. The last couple of decades have been characterised by a lack of investment from Renault in their key models as the company pursued an electrically-powered motoring future the market still isn't quite ready for. That changed with the development of this car. The marque knew it had to get this Clio right. Perhaps it has.
Driving Experience
This MK5 Clio is the first Renault-Nissan Alliance model to use the conglomerate's latest sophisticated CMF-B platform. Predictably, the engine line-up will focus on petrol power, with a base Sce 75 unit that most will ignore in favour of the little Tce 100 0.9-litre turbo unit. Next up is the same Tce 130 powerplant used in Renault's Kadjar SUV (the Tce 130 variant only offered with EDC auto transmission). The brand also wants to continue to offer its long-running 1.5-litre dCi diesel engine - in Blue dCi 85 form. That's in a break with current trends that have seen rivals in this sector dropping diesel. The brand won't follow the rival Peugeot 208 in offering a full-electric version: Renault has its ZOE EV model to meet that brief. However, the company does sell a self-charging hybrid version of this model, powered by an electrified 140hp petrol engine two electric motors. This Clio will be the first Renault to use this new 'E-Tech' hybrid technology and by 2022, this petrol/electric variant will be one of 12 electrified models in the brand's range. This Clio has also been engineered for autonomous driving technology. We're promised more camera-driven assistance systems than have been seen in this segment to date.
Design and Build
Stylist Laurens van den Acker wanted this MK5 model Clio to be more expressive, while keeping the previous version's sleek profile. The body has been lowered by up to 30mm and big 17-inch wheels give top versions a more dynamic look. At the front, the bonnet incorporates ribs for a sculpted effect. The grille is bigger and the front bumper is more pronounced with a very expressive central air scoop. Full-LED headlights are now standard and the rear lights feature a more distinctive C-Shape signature. In terms of size, this fifth generation Clio is 14mm shorter than before, yet manages to be more spacious inside. The cabin is of much higher quality than before, with high-end materials and a soft coating on the dashboard, the door panels and the central console surround. The instruments are more driver-focused and there's the largest centre-dash infotainment screen in the segment, with two sizes available - 9.3-inches or (with navigation) 10-inches. There's another screen in the instrument binnacle, measuring between 7 and 10-inches depending on spec, replacing conventional dials. Plus an electric parking brake has been added. The seats on this Clio are much better than what you'd usually find in this segment in terms of comfort and support. They offer a longer seat base and a more enveloping shape. There's a useful gain in boot size, too; this Clio gets a variable-height floor so you can prioritise a low load lip or capacity, but the space on offer ranges from 330-litres up to as much as 391-litres.
Market and Model
Prices start from just under £15,500 and range up to just over £22,000, which is par for the course in the supermini segment. There are four trim levels - 'Play', 'Iconic', 'S Edition' and 'R.S. Line'. Standard kit includes what Renault calls its 'Smart Cockpit', a key component of which is the standard 9.3-inch multimedia screen, the biggest ever on a Renault model. This vertical and subtly curved tablet visually enlarges the dashboard and lends the cabin a more contemporary feel. Turned towards the driver, this screen, with its EASY LINK connected system, comprises all the multimedia, navigation and infotainment features as well as the car's MULTI-SENSE driving settings. Pay extra for GPS navigation and you get a 10-inch centre screen. All Clios also get a digital instrument binnacle and full-LED headlights. This car gets several new body colours this time round, including Valencia Orange and Celadon Blue. The Valencia Orange shade offers unprecedented depth and radiance thanks to a specific coloured varnish treatment making its first appearance in the automotive industry. In all, this Clio is available in 10 body colours and with three exterior customisation packs (in red, orange and black).
Cost of Ownership
Let's get to the WLTP figures. Renault still thinks there's a place for diesel in the supermini segment and the 1.5-litre dCi 85 unit certainly still has its supporters, given its impressive frugality. You can expect 67.2mpg on the combined cycle and a CO2 reading of 109g/km. For the Tce 100 petrol unit, the figures are 54.3mpg and 119g/km, while the Tce 130 EDC auto manages 49.6mpg and 130g/km. The dCi 85 diesel and the Tce 100 are both rated at insurance group 10. The Clio Hybrid manages 64.2mpg on the combined cycle and 98g/km of CO2, plus there's an 'EV' option that gives limited all-electric driving range. You can plan ahead for maintenance costs by opting at point of purchase for a pre-paid servicing plan covering you for either three years and 30,000 miles, or four years and 40,000 miles. The four year '4+' warranty deal looks good too, given that most rivals restrict you to three year cover. This package also includes roadside assistance for the duration, though bear in mind that the final two years of the policy will be invalidated in the unlikely event that your Clio covers more than 100,000 miles. Depreciation levels will be very similar to those of other mainstream-brand superminis in this segment.
By Jonathan Crouch
If you're looking for a new Renault Clio 1.0 TCe 100 Play 5dr Petrol Hatchback for sale, you've come to the right place. At Bristol Street Motors we don't just have the best Renault Clio 1.0 TCe 100 Play 5dr Petrol Hatchback deals, we also offer friendly advice and help with all your enquiries to ensure your buying experience is a happy experience.
What are you waiting for? Make an enquiry online using the link above or call one of our friendly sales advisors today.
Key Standard Features*
- Solid - Glacier white
- Solid paint
- Cloth - Black
- Tyre inflation kit
Body Glass
- Electric front windows
- Rear wiper
- Drivers one touch window with anti-pinch feature
- Tinted rear windows
- Variable speed on front windscreen wipers
- ABS+EBD+Brake assist
- Hill start assist
- ESP + Traction control + Understeer control
- Automatic emergency braking system
- ESC - Electronic Stability Control + traction control
- E-call
Driver Aids
- Cruise control + speed limiter
- Variable PAS
- Lane departure warning system
- Lane keep assist
- Eco mode
- Traffic sign recognition
- Over speed prevention
- Variable assistance electric PAS
Driver Convenience
- Push button starter
Driver Information
- Trip computer
- Gear change indicator
- 4.2" screen
Driving Mirrors
- Body colour door mirrors
- Electric adjustable/heated/folding door mirrors
- FM/AM/DAB tuner, 2x20W speakers, Bluetooth audio streaming and hands free call, USB, Aux-in sockets and smartphone cradle
Exterior Body Features
- Body colour door handles
- Body coloured bumpers
- Body coloured rear spoiler
- Chrome boot lid finisher
- Chrome front grille strips
- Exterior rear hidden door handles
- Chrome insert on lower side doors with Clio embossing
Exterior Lights
- Front fog lamps
- Automatic headlights + automatic windscreen wipers
- Black headlamp surrounds
- Rear fog lights
- Full LED front and rear headlamps intergrating daytime running lights at the front and rear
- Manual air conditioning
- Pollen filter
- Air recirculation control
Interior Features
- Height/reach adjust steering wheel
- Cloth upholstery
- Multi function steering wheel
- Front door storage bin
- Front cupholders
- 12V Accessory socket
- Synthetic leather steering wheel
- 6.2L front glovebox
- Exterior chrome pack - Clio
- Seatbelt warning
- Tyre pressure warning
- Front side airbags(head+thorax)
- Curtain airbags
- Driver/Front Passenger airbags
- 3 point seatbelts on all rear seats
- Height adjustable driver's seatbelt
- Driver and passenger front and side airbag deactivation
- Distance warning alert
- Height adjustable front headrests
- Driver's seat height adjustment
- System for Restraint and Protection SRP-front seats
- Isofix system on outer rear seats
- 3 rear height adjustable headrests
- 60/40 split rear seats
- Remote central locking
- Locking fuel filler cap
- Deadlocking system
- RAID (Renault Anti-Intruder Device) with automatic door locking
- Thatcham Cat 2 engine immobiliser
- Child lock control of rear doors and windows
- Central door locking
- Automatic door locking
- 16" Amicitia flex steel wheels
Wheels - Alloy
- 16" Flex alloy wheels
- 16" Amicitia flex wheels
- 0 to 60 mph (secs)
- 0 to 62 mph (secs) 11.8
- Engine Power - BHP 100
- Engine Power - KW 74
- Engine Power - PS
- Engine Power - RPM 5000
- Engine Torque - LBS.FT 118
- Engine Torque - NM 160
- Engine Torque - RPM 2750
- Top Speed 116
Terms & Conditions: Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information shown. However, errors do sometimes occur. The specification of each vehicle listed on the Bristolstreet website is provided by "CAP". Please note that the Images of each vehicle are range shots, these can include images which do not reflect the precise details of the vehicle you are looking at and are purely used for illustrative purposes. The inclusion of such data does not imply any endorsement of any of its content nor any representation as to its accuracy.
*Vehicle reviews are conducted by an independent reviewer, information, images and specifications included may not be correct.


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A Warning To The
Jewish People
Jews Against Zionism.com
The Zionists are placing the Jews throughout the world in great danger!!
Following the terrible events in Istanbul, Turkey and in other areas in Europe, the leaders of the Zionist state arrogantly proclaim that such events make it necessary for Jews to leave their native countries and move to the most dangerous place on Earth for the Jewish People ö the State of Israel.
Zionist representatives such as Sharon have shamelessly announced the blatant lie before Jew and non-Jew in Europe that the ãonly place where a Jew can be a Jew is Israel.ä
Ever since the dawn of the Zionist movement a century ago in the days of its founder, Theodor Herzl, Zionists have sought to encourage and thrive on anti-Jewish hostility in order to create the basis for their state. Many great rabbis of the twentieth century warned the Jewish People of the dangers presented by these loose cannons, the Zionists. Among them was the eminent Rabbi Yoel Teitelbaum who constantly reiterated the danger facing the Jewish People from the Zionists and their state.
It is essential that the sufferings of Jews. . . become worse. . . this will assist in realization of our plans. . .I have an excellent idea. . . I shall induce anti-Semites to liquidate Jewish wealth. . . The anti-Semites will assist us thereby in that they will strengthen the persecution and oppression of Jews. The anti-Semites shall be our best friendsä. (From his Diary, Part I, p. 16)
Herzl continued:
So anti-Semitism, which is a deeply imbedded force in the subconscious mind of the masses, will not harm the Jews. I actually find it to be advantageous to building the Jewish character, education by the masses that will lead to assimilation. This education can only happen through suffering, and the Jews will adapt. (Part I, p. 68 of Part I of his Diary)
How different, then, are the words of the current leader of the Zionist regime, Sharon?
If Israel is weakened ... the Jews worldwide will not be able to live the lives they live today," Ariel Sharon told the crowd at a Rome hotel. "We are witness to a great wave of anti-Semitism, and apart from the usual anti-Semitism against Jews, there is today the added hate of the collective Jew, which is Israel. "The best solution to anti-Semitism is immigration to Israel. It is the only place on Earth where Jews can live as Jews," he said. (BBC website of Monday, 17 November, 2003 (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3275979.stm)
The Zionists told European leaders that removing the Jewish People from Europe to the Holy Land, where they hoped to build their state, could eliminate the so-called ãJewish Problemä. The Zionists even sought collaboration with the Nazis for this purpose, and it is widely known that they planted bombs in Jewish neighborhoods in places like Cairo and Baghdad to frighten Jews into evacuating to the Zionist state.
Today is no different!! The Zionist representatives thrive on anti-Jewish animosity everywhere. It is their oxygen! They will leave no stone unturned to fill the Jewish People with fear and paranoia in order to attempt to realize their goal of moving more Jews to their State so that such unwitting Jews may serve as cannon fodder in the Zionist war against the Palestinians!
The Zionists seek every opportunity to realize this goal, and we urgently warn our fellow Jews throughout the world to reject the repulsive propaganda of Zionist representatives and realize the that the abiding source of danger is the anti-Jewish heretical ideology of Zionism!
Our Jewish brethren must for once and for all realize, and proclaim to the world, that Zionism and the Zionist State have no relationship to the authentic traditional Jewish religion and its values, and is in fact the antithesis of those values!
They have no right to speak in the name of the Jewish people. Therefore, their words, declarations and actions are not in any way representative of the Jewish people.
Visit our web site at
Jews Against Zionism
This Site Served by TheHostPros


text:
How Expensive Is the Galaxy S4 to Make, and More
What's News: How expensive is it to make the new Galaxy S4? GM Recalls some Cadillac SRX and Buick Lacrosse sedans over a software glitch that affects the transmission; FedEx misses Wall Street forecasts and shares are down. Photo: Getty Images.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the Galaxy S four ... this is what's news I'm WS J lifetime Thailand Co ... report by IHS I supply to Samsung Electronics ... Galaxy S four smartphone ... costs more to make than its predecessor and more than the Apple ... I phone five ... the total cost of making the model of the S four with sixteen gigabytes of flash memory ... including components as well as manufacturing costs ... constitute ... forty four dollars that's fifty percent more than the Aspiriant seventeen percent higher than the I phone five ... and General Motors is recalling certain twenty thirteen Cadillac SRX crossovers ... and us across large sedans to fix a software problem ... that could cause the vehicle transmissions dismissed subtly manual mode automatic mode ... the company says the recall includes twenty six thousand five hundred eighty two cars in the U S ... GM is also recalling forty eight Chevrolet ... Express full size vans from the twenty eleven model year due to a possible fuel system from the ... Federal Express shares are lower today after the global shippers third-quarter earnings missed Wall Street forecasts FedEx reporting a thirty one percent drop in quarterly profits ... and flashing his outlook for the year ... the company citing an Customer Shift to Cheaper overseas deliveries for the decline ... and today later I'm WS J live starting at two p m Eastern for the Federal Reserve's decision on interest rates ... followed by chairman Ben burn Anqi press conference will keep you posted on the latest news about Mr upbeat day and what's news I'm WS J last ...Joanne Po Reports.


text:
Want to lower your stress level and stay focused at work? Maybe you should give email a rest.
In an "urban office setting", UC Irvine and U.S. Army researchers monitored worker heart rates and how often workers switched windows. Workers that checked their emails hit a state of "high alert" more often — and stayed there. This email active workers also navigated away from their work twice as much as email abstainers.
Top image: Alex Hinds/Shutterstock.com
Researchers presented their fix to an email active worker's state of "high alert" and distraction in their press release:
"We found that when you remove email from workers' lives, they multitask less and experience less stress," said UCI informatics professor Gloria Mark. Those with no email reported feeling better able to do their jobs and stay on task, with fewer stressful and time-wasting interruptions.
In their press release, researchers acknowledge a negative to email abstinence:
The only downside to the experience was that the individuals without email reported feeling somewhat isolated.
Researchers suggest that an email abstinent worker's isolation is mitigated by having coworkers who don't abstain from email. These email active workers can spread key information around the office or just around the water cooler.
With just 13 study participants, it's a bit early to order an office-wide email embargo. Not only because some work environments run on email, but also because lots of people don't want to give up email. But maybe results like this can get even the most devoted emailer to consider going without.
[via UCI and The Atlantic]


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For the set visit to Gangster Squad, we were driven from Hollywood to the middle of Bellflower, California, which had been dressed to look like 1940's Hollywood. It was a cold night, but before we can get to set, we were hustled around the hundreds of onlookers near the edges of the shoot. Ryan Gosling was shooting that day, and that meant many of the people from the neighborhood wanted to have a look, and were trying to take picture or film him with their phones. It was impressive to that many people at considering that it was already ten at night and the weather was already cold.
We were on set October 20, 2011, and at the time we had no idea that Gangster Squad would ever become controversial. But how could we know that a shooting in the summer of 2012 would change and delay the film? Such will explain why they talk about shooting a shooting in Grauman's Chinese Theater, and why these interviews didn't run months ago. At the time, spirits were high as they were halfway through the shooting process and Sean Penn has just started filming, though he wasn't on set that night. To find out more about the things we learned on the set of Gangster Squad, read on after the jump.
Instead the focus of our trip was a steadi-cam crane shot which followed Gosling as he walked down the street and into the club Slapsy Maxie's where Mickey Cohen is enjoying a dinner. It's a show-off shot as the crane starts high and Gosling must talk to a shoe-shine boy and do other bits of business as he enters. As the producers said, it was reminiscent of something Brian De Palma would do. Which is no surprise as The Untouchables was very much the touchstone for the film, and the film everyone involved referenced the most. As they did take after take, Gosling would spend his down time jumping up and down and spinning around, perhaps to keep up his energy, or to keep warm. The main drag of Bellflower was all done in late 40's style, but the extras would spend their time playing with their phones in between takes. With a shot that long and involving so much timing, on top of having to switch from exterior to interior. There were going to be a number of takes, which meant downtime in between shots.
We were also taken inside Slapsy Maxies where the other half of the shot took place, and it was dressed up as a very impressive period club. With a location like that, there is few evidence of the seams of filmmaking until you get into the back areas of the club, which are loaded with riggings and extras all lined up according to how they look. The crew were moving into the night shoot part of the film, which meant lunch breaks weren't taken until three in the morning. It was a long night, but spirits were high.
Here are fifteen things we learned from our set visit:
- Gangster Squad was shot digitally: It was pretty apparent early on that this was a digital shoot, and we were surprised that they didn't use film (though now – a little more than a year later – 35mm is quickly becoming extinct). The producers also talked about how the colors pop in the film. So this should look unlike any other period film, as is apparent from the trailer.
- Modernity: As the producers said they wanted to approach the film (like producer Dan Lin's Sherlock Holmes) as something that is both period and modern, so digital may have been part of the approach. But this is no homage to period films.
- The Untouchables was the touchstone: When referencing other period films of late, be it L.A. Confidential or Public Enemies, everyone deferred to The Untouchables as the film that they wanted to be compared to. If that had something to do with it being a hit (while L.A. Confidential didn't do that well theatrically), well, that's anyone's guess.
- The film features a lot of reunions: Josh Brolin and Sean Penn worked together on Milk (on top of knowing each other since they were kids, while Anthony Mackie and Ryan Gosling worked together in Half Nelson, Mackie and Michael Pena worked together on Million Dollar Baby, and director Ruben Fleischer's first movie starred Emma Stone. Which must help with an ensemble film.
- Action movie first: Though it is set in period, everyone described this as an action film, with a number of big set pieces.
- Josh Brolin made a book out of his emails to Diane Lane: Brolin told us that during his first year with his now wife, the two would send each other romantic emails, and he eventually turned it into a book for them. Which is pretty romantic.
- Robert Patrick lost 30 pounds for the part: To look more like a cowboy, the actor changes his diet to look more gaunt.
- Shooting California for California: Everyone was happy to be making a movie in the location it was set in, even if Bellflower is outside of LA. But for the most part they had real locations and sets.
- Race is dealt with subtly: Both Pena and Mackie make the Gangster Squad make the team seem more modern in its racial diversity, but there was a sense from the interviews that this was mostly true, and that the filmmakers and actors know this is tricky, and it's dealt with, but also never a big deal in the film.
- Slapsie Maxie's wasn't always a nightclub: As we learned on set, the big nightclub in the film was originally an old furniture store that was converted. Bellflower was hit hard by the recession, and so they were able to take over a main street and turn it into period Los Angeles.
- Ryan Gosling is press shy: This is the second set visit we've done to a Gosling movie, and it's the second time he hasn't wanted to talk to press while obviously being there. Not that we hold it against him.
- True Story: The film is based on a series of L.A. Times articles that were turned into a book written by Paul Lieberman. He turned those stories into a book, which was released August 7, which would have been perfect timing if the film hadn't been delayed. There are two surviving members of the original gangster squad, and they, along with family members of the deceased members came to set.
- Guy-Centric: There are two big roles women in the film. One is the character played by Emma Stone, who is caught between cop and crime lord, and the other is played by Mireille Enos, who plays Josh Brolin's wife. Everyone said that those parts offered dimension, they weren't throwaway characters, but this is mostly going to be about men.
- Sequel-Ready: Though it's going to have to come out first, the producers suggested that this has the possibility to continue as a franchise if it works. Of that we'll see the results when it hits theaters January 11.
For more on our Gangster Squad Set Visit:
- Josh Brolin Talks GANGSTER SQUAD, Fascination with Gangster Culture, His Character, Working with the Incredible Cast and More During Our Set Visit
- Director Ruben Fleischer Talks GANGSTER SQUAD, Classic Gangster Movies, the Incredible Cast and the Level of Action During Our Set Visit
- Producers Dan Lin and Kevin McCormick Talk Story Origin and the Vibe They Were Going for on the Set of GANGSTER SQUAD
- Giovanni Ribisi Talks Gangster Fascination, 1940s Technology, and His Character Moustache on the Set of GANGSTER SQUAD
- Anthony Mackie Talks the Appeal of the Gangster Genre, African-Americans in Film Noir, and More on the Set of GANGSTER SQUAD
- Robert Patrick Talks Gun Tricks, Ensemble Chemistry, and Losing 30 Pounds on the Set of GANGSTER SQUAD


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Cracking the Code Names of Wall Street Deals
Investment bankers come up with code names for pending deals to keep the competition at bay. Now Goldman Sachs is taking the fun out of the name game - and using automated software.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the projects which sounds like the name of a military invasion ... but it's actually the codename for a recent corporate by have geo ... inspired a private equity Associates Christ on the singer Taylor Swift ... investment banks use code names for pending deals to keep importers traders ... uneven trial companies for sniffing out news ahead of a formal announcement ... the big cities names like Prada's token of friendship ... and Project crocodile one involving crocks ... for the junior drinkers even meaning it's a little break from the daily grind of PowerPoint reason a season financial modeling ... now at least for one think ... that's all changed ... Goldman Sachs started using the name generating software to create code names ... instead of letting thinkers she's ... people familiar with the matter say the change was made to afford the risk of having multiple products from the same day ... and then sending the wrong documents around clients ... painters have also been known to come up with names that some might consider to be questionable taste ... watch a cleavage was the name given to an Australian companies with that ... so far Goldman Sachs is the only major investment in using automated software ... meanwhile for other investment banks an advisory firms ... in the game is still in play ... last years away but Telecom takeovers was dubbed Project canine and an M a from center view partners ... and all the key players out Koreans to ... clear wireless code named Callie ... Sprint Nextel a shepherd ... Dish Network was donation ... and soften was called St Bernard ...