text:
Cold, sweaty and nauseous, Stefan R. burst into the pale-green bathroom stall of the movie theater men's room to spend his first experience with OxyContin face down in a public toilet. The sickly green paint of the stall, he says, seemed appropriate given the state he found himself in after taking 80 milligrams of one of the world's strongest pharmaceuticals. The only problem was, he liked it.
"I loved it, actually," says the stocky, bespectacled 25-year-old over a cup of black coffee. "My pupils were the size of pinpricks, and I was covered in sweat and couldn't stop throwing up, but it felt good. I felt good."
Typically prescribed for people in chronic and excruciating pain—cancer patients, the terminally ill—OxyContin (that's "Oxy" for oxycodone, a common narcotic painkiller, and "Contin" for continual, as in a continual steady dosage) is one of the most frequently prescribed brand-name painkillers in the country, with 1.4 million prescriptions written in 2006.
The pills contain a huge amount of active narcotic but are coated in a time-release shell that spreads that dosage over about 12 hours. What Stefan, who asked that his last name not be used, had learned about OxyContin 15 minutes before sprinting into the bathroom stall was the same thing millions of others have learned: remove the outer shell, and you've got something akin to pure, lab-grade heroin.
"I think heroin is the most insidious drug out there, and a lot of kids aren't ready to cross that line," Stefan says. "Pills, though—you can get those anywhere. Everyone takes pills, so kids are more inclined to experiment with those."
That day in the cinema's bathroom was eight years ago. What followed for Stefan was a six-year addiction, first to pills, then to street heroin, methamphetamines and crack cocaine. It didn't take long for his life to spiral out of control. Selling drugs, burglarizing homes and businesses, stealing from friends and family and shoplifting to support his $800-per-week habit, Stefan bottomed out in 2007 with an extended stay in jail, his second incarceration in as many weeks and his third overall.
"I just went out and hustled every day to try and get enough cash to get pills and, later, heroin," he says. "It was disgusting."
After years of complaints lodged against Purdue Pharma, the makers of OxyContin, and hundreds of deaths linked to drugs of its kind, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is now taking the unprecedented step of issuing safety guidelines for an entire class of drug. Last February, the FDA wrote letters to 16 producers of extended-release opiate medications, including Purdue, asking them to come up with plans to curb abuse of the drugs. On Dec. 4, those same drug makers met with FDA officials in Baltimore for an update on their efforts. Officials now say they hope concrete guidelines for extended release opiates like OxyContin, including abuse-resistant capsules and educational campaigns, will be in place by spring 2010.
Though the FDA is just now taking steps to address OxyContin's potential for abuse, problems surrounding the drug have existed for more than a decade. Dubbed "Hillbilly Heroin" shortly after its release in 1996, the drug became popular in places like West Virginia and Kentucky, where users stole or traded the pills from disabled friends and family members and used them for a quick high. It wasn't long, however, before abuse of the drug moved out of the backwaters and into the mainstream, saturating the streets of East Coast cities and eventually moving west.
"I remember hearing about it being in New York and places like that, then suddenly it was everywhere around here," Stefan recalls. "Of course I was curious. I wanted to get my hands on some."
At the time, Purdue had mounted a massive and, it was later proven, misleading advertising campaign aimed at doctors that claimed OxyContin had little potential for abuse and was far less dangerous than other narcotic painkillers. In 2007, after a federal investigation, Purdue executives pleaded guilty to felony charges of deceptive marketing and the company paid $634.5 million in damages for what the U.S. Justice Department described as "one of our nation's greatest prescription drug failures."
The case ended not long after a federal survey found that 5.2 million Americans reported using prescription pain drugs like OxyContin inappropriately. High-profile cases like conservative radio host Rush Limbaugh's admitted addiction to OxyContin in 2003 and the deaths of actor Heath Ledger in 2008 and Adam Goldstein (aka DJ AD) this year, both of which involved OxyContin, have led to a public outcry for more regulations.
"This is our attempt to try and ensure that the benefits of the products outweigh their risks," said John Jenkins, director of the FDA's Office of New Drugs, during a press conference after the Baltimore meeting last month. "By their design, these drugs have a large amount of opioids, and if used incorrectly—like OxyContin, where crushing the tablets and chewing them can lead to the release of all the opioids—it can lead to serious safety concerns."
California is experiencing a fast rise in heroin addiction. Opiate-related deaths have shot up 30 percent since last year, as cheap, low-grade heroin has flooded the streets through drug-dealing gangs like the Sureños. Like Stefan, dozens of current and recovering addicts interviewed for this story say that their opiate addictions began with pills like Vicodin (which combines an opiate called hydrocodone with acetaminophen), Percocet (oxycodone and acetaminophen) and OxyContin before moving to street heroin. Stefan puts the number at roughly two-thirds. "I'd say about 70 percent of the people I met in treatment for heroin started out on pills like Oxy," he says.
Current estimates of OxyContin-related deaths range from several hundred to several thousand, and have not been published officially since 2002, when the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency completed a study that found 146 deaths "directly" caused by OxyContin and 318 more that were "likely" caused by the drug. Just last month, however, the Canadian Medical Association Journal published a study which showed that oxycodone-related deaths have risen 500 percent in the province of Ontario since 2000, when OxyContin was introduced to the country's public health system.
Stefan didn't get clean on his own. He had help from counselors, friends and, most importantly, he says, from his mother, Judith. A self-admitted "enabler" during the early stages of her son's addiction, Judith says the hardest and most pivotal moment in helping her son was the day she kicked him out of her house.
"In ways, I was always trying to fix it. I was the mom, I put his Band-Aids on when he fell, and I thought I could fix his addiction too," she says. "I had to break myself of that habit and learn to say no."
Judith, who asked that her last name not be used, found help for her own sake through the treatment group Nar-Anon, which focuses on helping nonaddicts deal with the addiction of a loved one. Other addicts look to get help at methadone clinics, where a steady supply of drugs are given to an addict before eventually being tapered off.
Others, however, take a more holistic approach, and Dr. Richard Gracer of Gracer Medical Group is leading a new wave of addiction treatment that combines natural detox methods with advanced, synthetic opiate medications like Buprenorphine, which blocks the effects of opiates. He blames the FDA for not working fast enough to regulate dangerous opiates like OxyContin and says pain pills are often the earliest building blocks of addiction.
"Oxycodone is often a starter drug, and it's very dangerous," Gracer says. "People get started usually by getting prescribed the drug for back pain, or sometimes they have had operations, or they're kids who raid Mom's medicine cabinet. Pretty soon they have to take more and more to even feel normal. By the time we see them, their life is on hold, they've been through rehab a couple times, they've stolen from their parents, they've had enough."
Stefan, who's now finishing his junior college exams and plans to go on to study psychopharmacology at UC Berkeley, is one of the lucky ones. He spends his days going to 12-step meetings and sharing his story with anyone who will listen.
"Of all the people I knew personally that did Oxy, every one of them is now on heroin," he says, stubbing out a Camel Wide on the sidewalk. "For me, I was just a normal guy. I came from a loving, supportive family, but I still got caught up in it.
"It can happen to anyone."


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Philippe Lefebvre
Trois-Rivieres Quebec
Eligible for draft:
Free agent signing, 2009
186 lbs.
Prospect Talent Score
Probability of Success
2008-09: Philippe Lefebvre nearly doubled his offensive numbers in his second season with Drummondville – scoring 21 goals with 27 assists and 38 PMs. The Voltigeurs finished first in the Central Division and captured the QMJHL's President's Trophy under coach Guy Boucher. Lefebvre finished +31 on a team that scored 156 more goals than it allowed. In 19 playoff games he scored 3 goals with 5 assists and was +6 with 2 PMs. Lefebvre signed a free agent contract with the Montreal Canadiens in September 2009.
2009-10: Lefebvre was a teammate of Canadiens' 2009 fifth-round pick Gabriel Dumont in his third season with Drummondville. Lefebvre played in 66 contests and scored 26 goals while assisting on 29 others, eking out improvements over his previous bests. His +21 plus/minus was only tenth best on a Voltigeurs squad that had the QMJHL's second-best record and finished first in the Central Division. In 14 playoff games Lefebvre scored 2 goals with 4 assists and was +7 with 9 PMs.
2010-11: Lefebvre spent his fourth QMJHL season with the Montreal Juniors after being acquired along with Charles Landry in a June 2010 trade with Drummondville. Lefebvre scored 19 goals with 27 assists in 60 games with the Juniors and was +26 with 38 PMs. Montreal finished first in the West Division and defeated Halifax in the first round of the playoffs before falling to Lewiston. Lefebvre played in all ten playoff games and had 3 goals with 5 assists and was +3.
2011-12: Lefebvre has played okay for his first professional season but struggled to show his offensive game. He managed to stay in the Bulldogs' line-up for 69 games while scoring only five goals along with six assists and a minus 18 rating on a struggling Hamilton team.
2012-13: Lefebvre split the season between Montreal AHL affiliate Hamilton and the ECHL's Wheeling Nailers. He was recalled by the Bulldogs at the beginning of January, scoring 4 goals with 3 assists in 23 games, and was +10 with 6 penalty minutes. Hamilton missed the playoffs after finishing last in the North Division. In 28 games with the Nailers prior to being called up he scored 8 goals with 8 assists and was +5 with 12 penalty minutes. Lefebvre was acquired by Florida in exchange for enforcer George Parros and a 2014 seventh round pick in July, 2013.
Talent Analysis
Lefebvre is a two-way player who has some offensive upside and can be a streaky scorer but projects to a third-line checking role. He needs to add strength and size while improving his overall game at the AHL level.
Lefebvre will fill a role either in the AHL or perhaps the ECHL where he had some success last season.
Lefebvre was dealt along with Kris Versteeg by the Florida Panthers to the Chicago Blackhawks in the deal that sent Jimmy Hayes and Dylan Olsen to the Panthers.


text:
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text:
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text:
A collection of scholarly works about individual liberty and free markets. A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.
Words of John Robinson. Robinson's Farewell Address to the Pilgrims upon their Departure from Holland, 1620 (and other sermons) (Boston: Directors of the Old South Work, 1903). https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/558,
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A collection of sermons by the English Puritan minister John Robinson who was the pastor to the Pilgrim Fathers.
The text is in the public domain.
This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit.
"In the next place, for the wholsome counsell Mr. Robinson gave that part of the Church whereof he was Pastor, at their departure from him to begin the great worke of Plantation in New England amongst other wholeome Instructions and Exhortations, hee used these expressions, or to the same purpose: We are now ere long to part asunder, and the Lord knoweth whether ever he should live to see our faces again: but whether the Lord had appointed it or not, he charged us before God and his blessed Angels, to follow him no further then he followed Christ. And if God should reveal anything to us by any other instrument of his, to be as ready to receive it, as ever we were to receive any truth by his Ministry: For he was very confident the Lord had more truth and light yet to breake forth out of his holy Word. He took occasion also miserably to bewaile the state and condition of the Reformed churches, who were come to a period in Religion, and would goe no further then the instruments of their Reformation: As for example, the Lutherans they could not be drawne to goe beyond what Luther saw, for whatever part of God's will he had further imparted and revealed to Calvin, they will rather die then embrace it. And so also, saith he, you see the Calvinists, they stick where he left them: A misery much to bee lamented; For though they were precious shining lights in their times, yet God had not revealed his whole will to them: And were they now living, saith hee, they would bee as ready and willing to embrace further Edition: current; Page: [2] light, as that they had received. Here also he put us in mind of our Church-Covenant (at least that part of it) whereby wee promise and covenant with God and one with another, to receive whatsoever light or truth shall be made known to us from his written Word: but withall exhorted us to take heed what we received for truth, and well to examine and compare, and weigh it with other Scriptures of truth, before we received it; For, saith he, It is not possible the Christian world should come so lately out of such thick Antichristian darknesse, and that full perfection of knowledge should breake forth at once.
"Another thing hee commended to us, was, that wee should use all meanes to avoid and shake off the name of Brownist, being a meer nickname and brand to make Religion odious, and the professors of it [odious] to the Christian world; and to that end, said hee, I should be glad if some godly Minister would goe over with you, or come to you, before my coming; For, said hee, there will bee no difference between the unconformable [Noncomformist] Ministers and you, when they come to the practice of the Ordinances out of the Kingdome: And so advised us by all meanes to endeavour to close with the godly party of the Kingdome of England, and rather to study union then division; viz. how neare we might possibly, without sin close with them, then in the least measure to affect division or separation from them. And be not loath to take another Pastor or Teacher, saith hee, for that flock that hath two shepheards is not indangered, but secured by it.
"Many other things there were of great and weighty consequence which he commended to us, but these things I thought good to relate, at the request of some well-willers to the peace and good agreement of the godly, (so distracted at present about the settling of Church-government in the Kingdom of England) that so both sides may truly see what this poor despised Church of Christ now at New-Plymouth in New-England, but formerly at Leyden in Holland, was and is; how far they were and still are from separation from the Churches of Christ, especially those that are Reformed."
In these times allso were ye great troubls raised by ye Arminians, who, as they greatly molested ye whole state so this citie in particuler, in which was ye cheefe universitie; so as Edition: current; Page: [3] ther were dayly & hote disputs in ye schooles ther aboute; and as ye studients & other lerned were devided in their oppinions hearin, so were ye 2. proffessors or devinitie readers them selves; the one daly teaching for it, ye other against it. Which grew to that pass, that few of the discipls of ye one would hear ye other teach. But Mr. Robinson, though he taught thrise a weeke him selfe, & write sundrie books, besids his manyfould pains otherwise, yet he went constantly to hear ther readings, and heard ye one as well as ye other; by which means he was so well grounded in ye controversie, and saw ye force of all their arguments, and knew ye shifts of ye adversarie, and being him selfe very able, none was fitter to buckle with them then him selfe, as appered by sundrie disputs; so as he begane to be terrible to ye Arminians; which made Episcopius (ye Arminian professor) to put forth his best stringth, and set forth sundrie Theses, which by publick dispute he would defend against all men. Now Poliander ye other proffessor, and ye cheefe preachers of ye citie, desired Mr. Robinson to dispute against him; but he was loath, being a stranger; yet the other did importune him, and tould him yt such was ye abilitie and nimblnes of ye adversarie, that ye truth would suffer if he did not help them. So as he condesended, & prepared him selfe against the time; and when ye day came, the Lord did so help him to defend ye truth & foyle this adversarie, as he put him to an apparent nonplus, in this great & publike audience. And ye like he did a 2. or 3. time, upon such like occasions. The which as it caused many to praise God yt the trueth had so famous victory, so it procured him much honour & respecte from those lerned men & others which loved ye trueth.
1. To the Confession of Faith published in the name of the Church of England, and to every Article thereof; we do (with the Reformed Churches where we live, and also elsewhere) assent wholly.
2. As we do acknowledge the Doctrine of Faith there taught; so do we, the fruits and effects of the same Doctrine, to the begetting of saving faith in thousands in the land, Conformists Edition: current; Page: [4] and Reformists, as they are called: with whom also, as with our brethren, we do desire to keep spiritual communion in peace; and will practice in our parts all lawful things.
3. The King's Majesty we acknowledge for Supreme Governor in his Dominions in all causes, and over all persons: and that none may decline or appeal from his authority or judgement in any cause whatsoever: but that in all things obedience is due unto him; either active, if the thing commanded be not against GOD'S Word; or passive, if it be, except pardon can be obtained.
4. We judge it lawful for His Majesty to appoint Bishops Civil Overseeers or Officers in authority under him in the several Provinces, Dioceses, Congregations, or Parishes, to oversee the Churches, and govern them civilly according to the laws of the land: unto whom, they are, in all things, to give an account; and by them, to be ordered according to godliness.
5. The authority of the present Bishops in the land, we do acknowledge so far forth as the same is indeed derived from His Majesty unto them; and as they proceed in his name: whom we will also therein honour in all things; and him, in them.
6. We believe that no Synod, Classes, Convocation, or Assembly of Ecclesiastical Officers hath any power or authority at all but as the same by the Magistrate given unto them.
7. Lastly, we desire to give unto all Superiors due honour, to preserve the unity of the Spirit with all that fear GOD, to have peace with all men what in us lieth, and wherein we err to be instructed by any.
Subscribed by John Robinson and William Brewster.
Righte Worpl:
Our humble duties remembered, in our owne, our messengers, and our churches name, with all thankful acknowledgmente of your singuler love, expressing itselfe, as otherwise, so more spetially in your great care and earnest endeavor of our good in this weightie bussines aboute Virginia, which ye less able we are to requite, we shall thinke our selves the more bound to com̄end in our prayers unto God for recompense; whom as for ye presente you rightly behould in our indeavors, so shall we not be wanting on our parts (the same God assisting us) to returne all answerable fruite, and respecte unto ye Edition: current; Page: [5] labour of your love bestowed upon us. We have with ye best speed and consideration withall that we could, sett downe our requests in writing, subscribed, as you willed, wth the hands of ye greatest parte of our congregation, and have sente ye same unto ye Counsell by our agente, & a deacon of our church, John Carver, unto whom we have also requested a gentleman of our company to adyone him selfe; to the care & discretion of which two, we doe referr ye prosecuting of ye bussines. Now we perswade our selves Right Worpp: that we need not provoke your godly & loving minde to any further or more tender care of us, since you have pleased so farr to interest us in your selfe, that, under God, above all persons and things in the world, we relye upon you, expecting the care of your love, counsell of your wisdome, & the help & countenance of your authority. Notwithstanding, for your encouragmente in ye worke, so farr as probabilities may leade, we will not forbeare to mention these instances of indusmente.
1. We veryly beleeve & trust ye Lord is with us, unto whom & whose service we have given our selves in many trialls; and that he will graciously prosper our indeavours according to ye simplicitie of our harts therin.
2ly. We are well weaned from ye delicate milke of our mother countrie, and enured to ye difficulties of a strange and hard land, which yet in a great parte we have by patience overcome.
3ly. The people are for the body of them, industrious, & frugall, we thinke we may safly say, as any company of people in the world.
4ly. We are knite togeather as a body in a most stricte & sacred bond and covenante of the Lord, of the violation whereof we make great conscience, and by vertue whereof we doe hould our selves straitly tied to all care of each others good, and of ye whole by every one and so mutually.
5. Lastly, it is not with us as with other men, whom small things can discourage, or small discontentments cause to wish them selves at home againe. We knowe our entertainmente in England, and in Holland; we shall much prejudice both our arts & means by removall; who, if we should be driven to returne, we should not hope to recover our present helps and comforts, neither indeed looke ever, for our selves, to attaine unto ye like in any other place during our lives, wch are now drawing towards their periods.Edition: current; Page: [6]
These motives we have been bould to tender unto you, which you in your wisdome may also imparte to any other our worpp: freinds of ye Counsell with you; of all whose godly dispossition and loving towards our despised persons, we are most glad, and shall not faile by all good means to continue & increase ye same. We will not be further troublesome, but doe, with ye renewed remembrance of our humble duties to your Worpp: and (so farr as in modestie we may be bould) to any other of our wellwillers of the Counsell with you, we take our leaves, com̄iting your persons and counsels to ye guidance and direction of the Almighty.
Right Worpll: with due acknowledgmente of our thankfullnes for your singular care & pains in the bussines of Virginia, for our, &, we hope, the com̄one good, we doe remember our humble dutys unto you, and have sent inclosed, as is required, a further explanation of our judgments in the 3. points specified by some of his majesties Honbl Privie Counsell; and though it be greevious unto us that such unjust insinuations are made against us, yet we are most glad of ye occasion of making our just purgation unto so honourable personages. The declarations we have sent inclosed, the one more breefe & generall, which we thinke ye fitter to be presented; the other something more large, and in which we express some smale accidentall differences, which if it seeme good unto you and other of our worpl freinds, you may send in stead of ye former. Our prayers unto God is, yt your Worpp may see the frute of your worthy endeaours, which on our parts we shall not faile to furder by all good means in us. And so praing yt you would please with ye convenientest speed yt may be, to give us knowledge of ye success of ye bussines with his majesties Privie Counsell, and accordingly what your further pleasure is, either for our direction or furtherance in ye same, so we rest
Touching ye Ecclesiasticall ministrie, namly of pastores for teaching, elders for ruling, & deacons for distributing ye churches contribution, as allso for ye too Sacrements, baptisme, and ye Lords supper, we doe wholy and in all points agree with ye French reformed churches, according to their publick confession of faith.
The oath of Supremacie we shall willingly take if it be required of us, and that conveniente satisfaction be not given by our taking ye oath of Alleagence.
Touching ye Ecclesiasticall ministrie, &c. as in ye former, we agree in all things with the French reformed churches, according to their publick confession of faith; though some small differences be to be found in our practices, not at all in ye substance of the things, but only in some accidentall circumstances.
1. As first, their ministers doe pray with their heads covered; ours uncovered.
2. We chose none for Governing Elders but such as are able to teach: which abilitie they doe not require.
3. Their elders & deacons are anūall, or at most for 2. or 3. years; ours perpetuall.
4. Our elders doe administer their office in admonitions & excommunications for publick scandals, publickly & before ye congregation; theirs more privately, & in their consistories.
5. We doe administer baptisme only to such infants as whereof ye one parente, at ye least, is of some church, which some of ther churches doe not observe; though in it our practice accords with their publick confession and ye judgmente of ye most larned amongst them.
Other differences, worthy mentioning, we know none in these points. Then aboute ye oath, as in ye former.
Upon ye receite of these things by one of their messengers, they had a sollemne meeting and a day of humiliation to seeke ye Lord for his direction; and their pastor tooke this texte, 1. Sam. 23, 3, 4. And David's men said unto him, see, we be afraid hear in Judah, how much more if we come to Keilah against ye host of the Philistines? Then David asked counsell of ye Lord againe, &c. From which texte he taught many things very aptly, and befitting ther present occasion and condition, strengthing them against their fears and perplexities, and incouraging them in their resolutions. After which they concluded both what number and what persons should prepare themselves to goe with ye first; for all yt were willing to have gone could not gett ready for their other affairs in so shorte a time; neither if all could have been ready, had ther been means to have trāsported them all-togeather. Those that staied being ye greater number required ye pastor to stay with them; and indeede for other reasons he could not then well goe, and so it was ye more easilie yeelded unto. The other then desired ye elder, Mr. Brewster, to goe with them, which was also condescended unto. It was also agreed on by mutuall consente and covenante, that those that went should be an absolute church of them selves, as well as those yt staid; seing in such a dangrous vioage, and a removall to such a distance, it might come to pass they should (for ye body of them) never meete againe in this world; yet with this proviso, that as any of ye rest came over to them, or of ye other returned upon occasion, they should be reputed as members without any further dismission or testimoniall. It was allso promised to those yt wente first, by ye body of ye rest, that if ye Lord gave them life, & meās, & opportunitie, they would come to them as soone as they could.
So being ready to departe, they had a day of solleme humiliation, their pastor taking his texte from Ezra 8. 21. And ther Edition: current; Page: [9] at ye river, by Ahava, I proclaimed a fast, that we might humble ourselves before our God, and seeke of him a right way for us, and for our children, and for all our substance. Upon which he spente a good parte of ye day very profitably, and suitable to their presente occasion. The rest of the time was spente in powering out prairs to ye Lord with great fervencie, mixed with abundance of tears. And ye time being come that they must departe, they were accompanied with most of their brethren out of ye citie, unto a towne sundrie miles of called Delfes-Haven, wher the ship lay ready to receive them. So they lefte yt goodly & pleasante citie, which had been ther resting place near 12. years; but they knew they were pilgrimes, & looked not much on those things, but lift up their eyes to ye heavens, their dearest cuntrie, and quieted their spirits. When they came to ye place they found ye ship and all things ready; and shuch of their freinds as could not come with them followed after them, and sundrie also came from Amsterdame to see them shipte and to take their leave of them. That night was spent with litle sleepe by ye most, but with freindly entertainmente & christian discourse and other reall expressions of true christian love. The next day, the wind being faire, they wente aborde, and their freinds with them, where truly dolfull was ye sight of that sade and mournfull parting; to see what sighs and sobbs and praires did sound amongst them, what tears did gush from every eye, & pithy speeches peirst each harte; that sundry of ye Dutch strangers yt stood on ye key as spectators, could not refraine from tears. Yet comfortable & sweete it was to see shuch lively and true expressions of dear & unfained love. But ye tide (which stays for no man) caling them away yt were thus loath to departe, their Reved pastor falling downe on his knees, (and they all with him,) with watrie cheeks com̄ended them with most fervente praiers to the Lord and his blessing. And then with mutuall imbrases and many tears, they tooke their leaves one of an other; which proved to be ye last leave to many of them.
Lovinge Christian friends, I doe hartily & in ye Lord salute you all, as being they with whom I am presente in my best affection, and most ernest longings after you, though I be constrained for a while to be bodily absente from you. I say constrained, God knowing how willingly, & much rather then Edition: current; Page: [10] otherwise, I would have borne my part with you in this first brunt, were I not by strong necessitie held back for ye present. Make accounte of me in ye mean while, as of a man devided in my selfe with great paine, and as (naturall bonds set a side) having my beter parte with you. And though I doubt not but in your godly wisdoms, you both foresee & resolve upon yt which concerneth your presente state & condition, both severally & joyntly, yet have I thought it but my duty to add some furder spurr of provocation unto them, who rune allready, if not because you need it, yet because I owe it in love & dutie. And first, as we are daly to renew our repentance with our God, espetially for our sines known, and generally for our unknowne trespasses, so doth ye Lord call us in a singuler maner upon occasions of shuch difficultie & danger as lieth upon you, to a both more narrow search & carefull reformation of your ways in his sight; least he, calling to remembrance our sines forgotten by us or unrepented of, take advantage against us, & in judgmente leave us for ye same to be swalowed up in one danger or other; whereas, on the contrary, sine being taken away by ernest repentance & ye pardon therof from ye Lord sealed up unto a mans conscience by his spirite, great shall be his securitie and peace in all dangers, sweete his comforts in all distreses, with hapie deliverance from all evill, whether in life or in death.
Now next after this heavenly peace with God & our owne consciences, we are carefully to provide for peace with all men what in us lieth, espetially with our associats, & for yt watchfullnes must be had, that we neither at all in our selves doe give, no nor easily take offence being given by others. Woe be unto ye world for offences, for though it be necessarie (considering ye malice of Satan & mans corruption) that offences come, yet woe unto ye man or woman either by whom ye offence cometh, saith Christ, Mat. 18. 7. And if offences in ye unseasonable use of things in them selves indifferent, be more to be feared then death itselfe, as ye Apostle teacheth, 1. Cor. 9. 15. how much more in things simply evill, in which neither honour of God nor love of man is thought worthy to be regarded. Neither yet is it sufficiente yt we keepe our selves by ye grace of God from giveing offence, excepte withall we be armed against ye taking of them when they be given by others. For how unperfect & lame is ye work of grace in yt person, who wants charitie to cover a multitude of offences, as ye scriptures Edition: current; Page: [11] speake. Neither are you to be exhorted to this grace only upon ye com̄one grounds of Christianitie, which are, that persons ready to take offence, either wante charitie, to cover offences, or wisdome duly to waigh humane frailtie; or lastly, are grosse, though close hipocrites, as Christ our Lord teacheth, Mat. 7. 1, 2, 3, as indeed in my owne experience, few or none have bene found which sooner give offence, then shuch as easily take it; neither have they ever proved sound & profitable members in societies, which have nurished this touchey humor. But besides these, ther are diverse motives provoking you above others to great care & conscience this way: As first, you are many of you strangers, as to ye persons, so to ye infirmities one of another, & so stand in neede of more watchfullnes this way, least when shuch things fall out in men & women as you suspected not, you be inordinately affected with them; which doth require at your hands much wisdome & charitie for ye covering & preventing of incident offences that way. And lastly, your intended course of civill comunitie will minister continuall occasion of offence, & will be as fuell for that fire, excepte you dilligently quench it with brotherly forbearance. And if taking of offence causlesly or easilie at mens doings be so carefuly to be avoyded, how much more heed is to be taken yt we take not offence at God him selfe, which yet we certainly doe so oftē as we doe murmure at his providence in our crosses, or beare impatiently shuch afflictions as wherwith he pleaseth to visite us. Store up therefore patience against ye evill day, without which we take offence at ye Lord him selfe in his holy & just works.
A 4. thing ther is carfully to be provided for, to witte, that with your com̄one imployments you joyne com̄one affections truly bente upon ye generall good, avoyding as a deadly plague of your both com̄one & spetiall comfort all retirednes of minde for proper advantage, and all singularly affected any maner of way; let every man represe in him selfe & ye whol body in each person, as so many rebels against ye com̄one good, all private respects of mens selves, not sorting with ye generall conveniencie. And as men are carfule not to have a new house shaken with any violence before it be well setled & ye parts firmly knite, so be you, I beseech you, brethren, much more carfull, yt the house of God which you are, and are to be, be not shaken with unnecessarie novelties or other oppositions at ye first setling therof.Edition: current; Page: [12]
Lastly, wheras you are become a body politik, using amongst your selves civill govermente, and are not furnished with any persons of spetiall eminencie above ye rest, to be chosen by you into office of goverment, let your wisdome & godlines appeare, not only in chusing shuch persons as doe entirely love and will promote ye com̄one good, but also in yeelding unto them all due honour & obedience in their lawfull administrations; not behoulding in them ye ordinarinesse of their persons, but Gods ordinance for your good, not being like ye foolish multitud who more honour ye gay coate, than either ye vertuous minde of ye man, or glorious ordinance of ye Lord. But you know better things, & that ye image of ye Lords power & authoritie which ye magistrate beareth, is honourable, in how meane persons soever. And this dutie you both may ye more willingly and ought ye more conscionably to performe, because you are at least for ye present to have only them for your ordinarie governours, which your selves shall make choyse of for that worke.
Sundrie other things of importance I could put you in minde of, and of those before mentioned, in more words, but I will not so farr wrong your godly minds as to thinke you heedless of these things, ther being also diverce among you so well able to admonish both them selves & others of what concerneth them. These few things therfore, & ye same in few words, I doe ernestly com̄end unto your care & conscience, joyning therwith my daily incessante prayers unto ye Lord, yt he who hath made ye heavens & ye earth, ye sea and all rivers of waters, and whose providence is over all his workes, espetially over all his dear children for good, would so guide & gard you in your wayes, as inwardly by his Spirite, so outwardly by ye hand of his power, as yt both you & we also, for & with you, may have after matter of praising his name all ye days of your and our lives. Fare you well in him in whom you trust, and in whom I rest.
My dear Brother, — I received inclosed in your last leter ye note of information, wch I shall carefuly keepe & make use of as ther shall be occasion. I have a true feeling of your perplexitie of mind & toyle of body, but I hope that you who have Edition: current; Page: [13] allways been able so plentifully to administer comforte unto others in their trials, are so well furnished for your selfe as that farr greater difficulties then you have yet undergone (though I conceive them to have been great enough) cannot oppresse you, though they press you, as ye Apostle speaks. The spirite of a man (sustained by ye spirite of God) will sustaine his infirmitie, I dout not so will yours. And ye beter much when you shall injoye ye presence & help of so many godly & wise bretheren, for ye bearing of part of your burthen, who also will not admitte into their harts ye least thought of suspition of any ye least negligence, at least presumption, to have been in you, what so ever they thinke in others. Now what shall I say or write unto you & your goodwife my loving sister? even only this, I desire (& allways shall) unto you from ye Lord, as unto my owne soule; and assure your selfe yt my harte is with you, and that I will not forslowe my bodily coming at ye first oppertunitie. I have writen a large leter to ye whole, and am sorie I shall not rather speak then write to them; & the more, considering ye wante of a preacher, which I shall also make sume spurr to my hastening after you. I doe ever com̄end my best affection unto you, which if I thought you made any doubte of, I would express in more, & ye same more ample & full words. And ye Lord in whom you trust & whom you serve ever in this bussines & journey, guid you with his hand, protecte you with his winge, and shew you & us his salvation in ye end, & bring us in ye mean while togeather in ye place desired, if shuch be his good will, for his Christs sake. Amen.
Much beloved brethren, neither the distance of place, not distinction of body, can at all either dissolve or weaken that bond of true Christian affection in which the Lord by his spirit hath tied us together. My continual prayers are to the Lord for you; my most earnest desire is unto you; from whom I will not longer keep (if God will) than means can be procured to bring with me the wives and children of divers of you and the rest of your brethren, whom I could not leave behind me without great both injury to you and them, and offence to God and all men. The death of so many our dear friends and Edition: current; Page: [14] brethren; oh! how grievous hath it been to you to bear, and to us to take knowledge of, which, if it could be mended with lamenting, could not sufficiently be bewailed; but we must go unto them and they shall not return unto us: And how many even of us God hath taken away here, and in England, since your departure, you may elsewhere take knowledge. But the same God has tempered judgment with mercy, as otherwise, so in sparing the rest, especially those by whose godly and wise government, you may be, and (I know) are so much helped. In a battle it is not looked for but that divers should die; it is thought well for a side, if it get the victory, though with the loss of divers, if not too many or too great. God, I hope, hath given you the victory, after many difficulties, for yourselves and others; though I doubt not, but many do and will remain for you and us all to strive with. Brethren, I hope I need not exhort you to obedience unto those whom God hath set over you, in church and commonwealth, and to the Lord in them. It is a Christian's honour, to give honour according to men's places; and his liberty, to serve God in faith, and his brethren in love orderly and with a willing and free heart. God forbid, I should need to exhort you to peace, which is the bond of perfection, and by which all good is tied together, and without which it is scattered. Have peace with God first, by faith in his promises, good conscience kept in all things, and oft renewed by repentance; and so, one with another, for his sake, who is, through three, one; and for Christ's sake who is one, and as you are called by one spirit to one hope. And the God of peace and grace and all goodness be with you, in all the fruits thereof, plenteously upon your heads, now and forever. All your brethren here remember you with great love, a general token whereof they have sent you.
My loving & much beloved freind, whom God hath hithertoo preserved, preserve and keepe you still to his glorie, and ye good of many; that his blessing may make your godly and wise endeavours answerable to ye valuation which they ther have, & set upon ye same. Of your love too and care for us here, we never doubted; so are we glad to take knowledg of it in that fullnes Edition: current; Page: [15] we doe. Our love & care to and for you, is mutuall, though our hopes of coming unto you be small, and weaker then ever. But of this at large in Mr Brewsters letter, with whom you, and he with you, mutually, I know, communicate your letters, as I desire you may doe these, &c.
Concerning ye killing of those poor Indeans,* of which we heard at first by reporte, and since by more certaine relation, oh! how happy a thing had it been, if you had converted some, before you had killed any; besids, wher bloud is onc begune to be shed, it is seldome stanched of a long time after. You will say they deserved it. I grant it; but upon what provocations and invitments by those heathenish Christians?† Besids, you, being no magistrats over them, were to consider, not what they deserved, but what you were by necessitie constrained to inflicte. Necessitie of this, espetially of killing so many, (and many more, it seems, they would, if they could,) I see not. Methinks on or tow principals should have been full enough, according to that approved rule, The punishmente to a few, and ye fear to many. Upon this occasion let me be bould to exhorte you seriously to consider of ye dispossition of your Captaine, whom I love, and am perswaded ye Lord in great mercie and for much good hath sent you him, if you use him aright. He is a man humble and meek amongst you, and towards all in ordinarie course. But now if this be meerly from an humane spirite, ther is cause to fear that by occasion, espetially of provocation, ther may be wanting yt tendernes of ye life of man (made after Gods image) which is meete. It is also a thing more glorious in mens eyes, then pleasing in Gods, or conveniente for Christians, to be a terrour to poore barbarous people; and indeed I am afraid least, by these occasions, others should be drawne to affecte a kind of rufling course in the world. I doubt not but you will take in good part these things which I write, and as ther is cause make use of them. It were to us more comfortable and convenient, that we comunicated our mutuall helps in presence, but seeing that canot be done, we shall always long after you, and love you, and waite Gods apoynted time. The adventurers it seems have neither money nor any great mind of us, for ye most parte. They deney it to be any part of ye covenants betwixte us, that they should trāsporte us, neither doe I looke for any further help from them, till means come from you. We Edition: current; Page: [16] hear are strangers in effecte to ye whole course, and so both we and you (save as your owne wisdoms and worths have intressed you further) of principals intended in this bussines, are scarce accessaries, &c. My wife, with me, resaluts you & yours. Unto him who is ye same to his in all places, and nere to them which are farr from one an other, I comend you and all with you, resting,
Loving and dear freind and brother: That which I most desired of God in regard of you, namly, ye continuance of your life and health, and the safe coming of these sent unto you, that I most gladly hear of, and praise God for the same. And I hope Mrs. Brewsters weake and decayed state of body will have some reparing by the coming of her daughters,* and the provissions in this and former ships, I hear is made for you; which maks us with more patience bear our languishing state, and ye deferring of our desired trāsportation; wch I call desired, rather than hoped for, whatsoever you are borne in hand by any others. For first, ther is no hope at all, that I know, or can conceive of, of any new stock to be raised for that end; so that all must depend upon returns from you, in which are so many uncertainties, as that nothing with any certaintie can thence be concluded. Besids, howsoever for ye presente the adventurers aledg nothing but want of money, which is an invincible dificulty, yet if that be taken away by you, others without doubte will be found. For the beter clearing of this, we must dispose ye adventurers into 3. parts; and of them some 5. or 6. (as I conceive) are absolutly bent for us, above any others. Other 5. or 6. are our bitter professed adversaries. The rest, being the body, I conceive to be honestly minded, & loveingly also towards us; yet such as have others (namly ye forward preachers) nerer unto them, then us, and whose course so farr as ther is any differance, they would rather advance then ours. Now what a hanck † these men have over ye professors, you know. And I perswade my selfe, that for me, they of all others are unwilling I should be transported, espetially such of them as have an eye that way them selves; as thinking if I come ther, ther market will be mard in many regards. And for these adversaries, if Edition: current; Page: [17] they have but halfe ye witte to their malice, they will stope my course when they see it intended, for which this delaying serveth them very opportunly. And as one restie jade can hinder, by hanging back, more then two or 3. can (or will at least, if they be not very free) draw forward, so will it be in this case. A notable experimente of this, they gave in your messengers presence, constraining ye company to promise that none of the money now gathered should be expended or imployed to ye help of any of us towards you. Now touching ye question propounded by you, I judg it not lawfull for you, being a ruling Elder, as Rom. 12. 7. 8. & 1. Tim. 5. 17. opposed to the Elders that teach & exhorte and labore in ye word and doctrine, to which ye sacrements are an̄exed, to administer them, nor convenient if it were lawfull. Whether any larned man will come unto you or not, I know not; if any doe, you must consiliū capere in arena. Be you most hartily saluted, & your wife with you, both from me & mine. Your God & ours, and ye God of all his, bring us together if it be his will, & keep us in the mean while, and allways to his glory, and make us servisable to his majestie, and faithfull to the end. Amen.
About ye begining of Aprill [1626] they heard of Captain Standish his arrivall, and sent a boat to fetch him home, and ye things he had brought. Welcome he was, but ye news he broughte was sadd in many regards; not only in regarde of the former losses, before related, which their freinds had suffered, by which some in a maner were undon, others much disabled from doing any further help, and some dead of ye plague, but also yt Mr. Robinson, their pastor, was dead, which struck them with much sorrow & sadnes, as they had cause. His and their adversaries had been long & continually plotting how they might hinder his coming hither, but ye Lord had appointed him a better place; concerning whose death & the maner therof, it will appere by these few lines write to ye Govr & Mr. Brewster.
Loving & kind frinds, &c. I know not whether this will ever come to your hands, or miscarie, as other my letters have done; yet in regard of ye Lords dealing with us hear, I have had a great desire to write unto you, knowing your desire to bear a Edition: current; Page: [18] parte with us, both in our joyes, & sorrows, as we doe wth you. These are therefore to give you to understand, that it hath pleased the Lord to take out of this vaell of tears, your and our loving & faithfull pastor, and my dear & Reved brother, Mr. John Robinson, who was sick some 8. days. He begane to be sick on Saturday in ye morning, yet ye next day (being the Lords day) he taught us twise. And so ye weeke after grew weaker, every day more then other; yet he felt no paine but weaknes all ye time of his sicknes. The phisick he tooke wrought kindly in mans judgmente, but he grew weaker every day, feeling litle or no paine, and sensible to ye very last. He fell sicke ye 22. of Feb: and departed this life ye 1. of March. He had a continuall inwarde ague, but free from infection, so yt all his freinds came freely to him. And if either prayers, tears, or means, would have saved his life, he had not gone hence. But he having faithfully finished his course, and performed his worke which ye Lord had appointed him here to doe, he now resteth with ye Lord in eternall hapines. We wanting him & all Church Govrs, yet we still (by ye mercie of God) continue & hould close togeather, in peace and quietnes; and so hope we shall doe, though we be very weake. Wishing (if such were ye will of God) that you & we were againe united togeather in one, either ther or here; but seeing it is ye will of ye Lord thus to dispose of things, we must labour wth patience to rest contented, till it please ye Lord otherwise to dispose. For news, is here not much; only as in England we have lost our old king James, who departed this life aboute a month agoe, so here they have lost ye old prince, Grave Mourise; who both departed this life since my brother Robinson. And as in England we have a new-king Charls, of whom ther is great hope, so hear they have made prince Hendrick Generall in his brothers place, &c. Thus with my love remembred, I take leave & rest,
Thus these too great princes, and their pastor, left this world near aboute one time. Death maks no difference. . . .
Their other freinds from Leyden writ many leters to them full of sad laments for ther heavie loss; and though their wills were good to come to them, yet they saw no probabilitie of Edition: current; Page: [19] means, how it might be effected, but concluded (as it were) that all their hopes were cutt of; and many, being aged, begane to drop away by death.
Yea such was ye mutuall love, & reciprocall respecte that this worthy man had to his flocke, and his flocke to him, that it might be said of them as it once was of yt famouse Emperour Marcus Aurelious, and ye people of Rome, that it was hard to judge wheather he delighted more in haveing shuch a people, or they in haveing such a pastor. His love was greate towards them, and his care was all ways bente for their best good, both for soule and body; for besids his singuler abilities in devine things (wherin he excelled), he was also very able to give directions in civill affaires, and to foresee dangers & inconveniences; by wch means he was very helpfull to their outward estats, & so was every way as a commone father unto them. And none did more offend him then those that were close and cleaving to them selves, and retired from ye commōe good; as also such as would be stiffe & riged in matters of outward order, and invey against ye evills of others, and yet be remisse in them selves, and not so carefull to express a vertuous conversation. They in like maner had ever a reverente regard unto him, & had him in precious estimation, as his worth & wisdom did deserve; and though they esteemed him highly whilst he lived & laboured amongst them, yet much more after his death, when they came to feele ye wante of his help, and saw (by woefull experience) what a treasure they had lost, to ye greefe of their harts, and wounding of their sowls; yea such a loss as they saw could not be repaired; for it was as hard for them to find such another leader and feeder in all respects, as for ye Taborits to find another Ziska.* And though they did not call themselves orphans, as the other did, after his death, yet they had cause as much to lamente, in another regard, their present condition, and after usage.— From Bradford's Journal.
Mr. John Robinson was pastor of that famous church of Leyden, in Holland; a man not easily to be paralleled for all things, whose singular virtues we shall not take upon us here to describe. Neither need we, for they so well are known both by friends and enemies. As he was a man learned and of solid Edition: current; Page: [20] judgment and of a quick and sharp wit, so was he also of a tender conscience and very sincere in all his ways, a hater of hypocrisy and dissimulation, and would be very plain with his best friends. He was very courteous, affable, and sociable in his conversation, and towards his own people especially. He was an acute and expert disputant, very quick and ready, and had much bickering with the Arminians, who stood more in fear of him than any of the university. He was never satisfied in himself until he had searched any cause or argument he had to deal in thoroughly and to the bottom. And we have heard him sometimes say to his familiars that many times, both in writing and disputation, he knew he had sufficiently answered others, but many times not himself; and was ever desirous of any light, and the more able, learned, and holy the persons were, the more he desired to confer and reason with them. He was very profitable in his ministry and comfortable to his people. He was much beloved of them, and as loving was he unto them, and entirely sought their good for soul and body. In a word, he was much esteemed and reverenced of all that knew him, and his abilities (were acknowledged) both of friends and strangers.— From Bradford's First Dialogue; spelling modernized.
Some scholars consider this the sermon referred to by Winslow; others place that "wholesome counsel" at Delfthaven.
At Wessaguscus, in March, 1622–3; it appears that the lives of seven Indians were taken in that encounter.
Mr. Weston's men.
Fear and Patience, who came in the Anne, in 1623.
Hank, influence.
John Ziska, the Hussite, the blind general and leader of the Bohemian insurgents, who was never defeated.


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Choosing their religion: That's them in the corner: two converts find new faith
It's one of the most significant changes people can make– to leave a religion in which they've been raised and embrace a new faith.
Family and friends can feel left behind, and let's face it a life of piety is not for the faint of heart. (Three hours of prayer a day, anyone?)
Yet for Drew Alexander, who left Christianity behind for orthodox Judaism and for Lauren Winner, who first became an orthodox Jew and then converted to evangelical Christianity, keeping the faith has big rewards.


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Posted by nnlmneo on January 21st, 2014
Posted in: News, Research Reads
In our health information outreach work we are expected to provide evidence of the value of our work, but there are varying definitions of the word "evidence." The classical evidence-based medicine approach (featuring results from randomized controlled clinical trials) is a model that is not always relevant in our work. At the 2013 EBLIP7 meeting in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, Denise Kaufogiannakis presented a keynote address that is now available as an open-access article on the web:
"What We Talk About When We Talk About Evidence" Evidence-Based Library and Information Practice 2013 8.4
This article looks at various interpretations of what it means to provide "evidence" such as
theoretical (ideas, concepts and models to explain how and why something works),
empirical (measuring outcomes and effectiveness via empirical research), and
experiential (people's experiences with an intervention).
Kaufogiannakis points out that academic librarians' decisions are usually made in groups of people working together and she proposes a new model for evidence-based library and information practice:
1) Articulate – come to an understanding of the problem and articulate it. Set boundaries and clearly articulate a problem that requires a decision.
2) Assemble – assemble evidence from multiple sources that are most appropriate to the problem at hand. Gather evidence from appropriate sources.
3) Assess – place the evidence against all components of the wider overarching problem. Assess the evidence for its quantity and quality. Evaluate and weigh evidence sources. Determine what the evidence says as a whole.
4) Agree – determine the best way forward and if working with a group, try to achieve consensus based on the evidence and organizational goals. Determine a course of action and begin implementation of the decision.
5) Adapt – revisit goals and needs. Reflect on the success of the implementation. Evaluate the decision and how it has worked in practice. Reflect on your role and actions. Discuss the situation
with others and determine any changes required.
Kaufogiannakis concludes by reminding us that "Ultimately, evidence, in its many forms, helps us find answers. However, we can't just accept evidence at face value. We need to better understand evidence – otherwise we don't really know what 'proof' the various pieces of evidence provide."


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Loire Valley
The wines of the Loire Valley and its tributaries are as varied as the climate, soils and grape varieties of this region which was originally planted with vines by the Romans. Loire wine production today is centred on two main stretches of the river; the first in the west reaches from Nantes near the Atlantic coast through the town of Tours towards Orléans far inland to the east. This vineyard belt includes the wine-producing sub-regions of the Pays Nantais (the lower Loire), Anjou-Saumur and Touraine (the middle Loire) with a range of white, red, rosé and sparkling wine made in a variety of styles from several different grape varieties. A second viticultural area, the Upper Loire, lies to the south-east of Orléans and encompasses the towns of Sancerre and Pouilly-sur-Loire where the river flows in a northerly direction and the climate has a rather more continental character, producing world-class dry white wines from Sauvignon Blanc grapes.
Wines of the Loire
Due to the Loire's relatively northern location and the influence of both Atlantic and continental climate types the wines of the Loire embrace a wide range of styles. The Pays Nantais is most famous for the dry white Muscadet, made from the Melon de Bourgogne grape variety (related to Chardonnay) with its great affinity for simple, fresh seafood dishes especially shellfish and crustaceans. The best examples carry the designation Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine sur lie which are left in barrel on the lees (dead yeast cells) until the spring following fermentation and which are bottled straight from the barrel with no prior racking. Some examples are being left on the lees for a longer period deepening still further the texture and flavour of the wine.
In Anjou the Chenin Blanc grape has traditionally been used to make sweet wines from grapes affected by noble rot (botrytis cinerea). Due to the vagaries of the weather from year to year in this region the reliance on the conditions required for this style of wine has lead to new interest in dry white wine production with harvesting by hand, a rigorous selection of grapes in the winery and subsequent oak-ageing resulting in very good quality wines irrespective of the presence of botrytis. The Coteaux du Layon, with its excellent long-lived Moulin Touchais dry white wine, Quarts de Chaume, Bonnezeaux and Savennières have the highest profiles. Even Anjou itself is improving steadily with the dry white and formerly rather over-sugared rosé wines now far less ubiquitous. The rosé wines in particular, now made in an off-dry more perfumed style from the Cabernet Franc grape variety, and even the oak-aged reds are well worth tracking down.
The frequent wet weather around harvest time in the Loire leads to high acidity in the grapes and this has been exploited to good effect to make the sparkling wines of Saumur from Chenin Blanc. Lacking the finesse and flavours of Champagne itself Saumur Mousseux and the more refined Crémant de Loire can make a very enjoyable aperitif. In addition with the more recent trend for warmer summers, and greater attention to the details of vineyard management, the red wines made from Cabernet Franc are displaying more intense colour and flavours than in the past.
Touraine is host to the Loire's most famous red wines. Bourgeuil (including St-Nicolas-de-Bourgeuil) and Chinon on the north and south banks respectively make Cabernet Franc wines with a pronounced raspberry fruit which is good drunk both young and somewhat cool. In very good vintages, however, these wines can show more depth and concentration to the extent that the best can repay cellaring for up to ten years. Touraine AOC wines can be red, made largely from the Gamay, dry white Sauvignon Blanc or rosé. The best will have the name of a village or town appended such as those of Amboise.
Further upstream the two climate types fight for dominance around Vouvray which is made in dry, off-dry, medium-sweet, sweet and sparkling styles. Which style is made depends on two factors, the weather that year and the preferences of the grower and wine-maker. Each of these styles of wine has a tremendous ability to age rivalling that of the best German wines. Situated on the opposite bank is the appellation of Montlouis-sur-Loire. Here the soils are sandier and consequently the wines are somewhat lighter with a higher proportion of grapes destined for sparkling wine production.
Perhaps the most highly regarded, and certainly best known, dry white wines in the whole of the Loire region are those of Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé. The limestone and clay soils coupled with the largely continental climate influence have the potential to produce wines made from the Sauvignon Blanc grape that are only rivalled by the very best wines from New Zealand's Marlborough region. The popularity of these wines has meant that historically too many examples have not reached the heights of which they are capable due both to huge expansion of the Sancerre appellation to include less favourable plots and also to a lack of care and diligence on the part of grape growers and wine-makers. However it seems that the emergence of fine New Zealand examples has acted as a spur to many producers and consequently overall standards are on the up.
Pouilly-Fumé itself is so named due to the presence of flint in the clay component of the soils, known as silex, which is said to impart a smoky, gun-flint character to the wines. At their best both white Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé exhibit intense gooseberry and passion fruit flavours with a herbaceous edge, a pronounced minerality and cut through with a rapier-like acidity. Sancerre also produces both red and rosé examples from Pinot Noir grapes. The best of these can be quite enchanting although they tend to be rather lighter and less intense than their Burgundian equivalents. The less well-known appellations of Quincy and Menetou-Salon (dry white wines) and Reuilly (dry red, white and rosé wines) offer more economically priced versions although the best of these are certainly as good, if not better, than their more famous neighbours' less exalted examples.
Domaine Eric Louis, Sancerre Rosé, La Côte Blanche, 2010
La Côte Blanche is a truly delicious and earthy Pinot Noir rosé from Sancerre. Domaine Eric Louis' La Cote Blanche is a superb pink wine with a refreshing character rooted in its dryness.
Details Colour Rosé Wine Grape Variety Pinot Noir Country France£15.99 As low as: £15.03
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Les Affaubertis Eric Louis, Pouilly-Fumé, 2011
With Sancerre just around the corner, this Pouilly-Fumé shares many of the same qualities. Crisp and refreshing with a stony minerality on the tongue and a crisp acidity to finish. Flinty lemon and apple come to mind when drinking this on a summer's day.
Details Colour White Wine Grape Variety Sauvignon Blanc Country France£14.99 As low as: £14.09
Out of stock
Les Affaubertis Eric Louis, Pouilly-Fumé, 2013
Eric Louis' Les Affaubertis, 2013, is characterised by a lemon and apple nose and stereotypical flinty notes of gunsmoke.
Details Colour White Wine Grape Variety Sauvignon Blanc Country France£14.99 As low as: £13.19
Out of stock
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New Nick Cave And The Bad Seeds e-card!
The new Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds E-card is here featuring four streaming tracks, a video and tons of great photos you wont find anywhere else. See the 'Abattoir Blues / The Lyre Of Orpheus' e-card href="http://media-02.epitaph.com/nickcave/index.html" target="_blank">HERE! *Designed by href="http://www.metrosea.com/" target="_blank">Nick Pritchard.


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Posted by Alisa / Labels: Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt / Comments: (0)
Actress Angelina Jolie and her hubby Actor Brad Pitt leave a restaurant on the Grand Canal in Venice after having lunch with their adorable twins Knox and Vivienne.
Paz Vega baby number 3!
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Epstein Didn't Kill Himself.


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From our sponsors at Brian's Toys: Brian's Toys features a wide range of new products in this week's newsletter! The new Prime 1st Edition Transformers have hit their shelves and are ready to ship. Star Wars Angry Birds Early Bird Packs are available as well.
The Life-Size R2-D2 Clone Wars Edition statue has arrived from Gentle Giant, but act quickly as there are only a few in their inventory. Restocks this week include toy vehicles, Hasbro FX Lightsabers, and Sideshow Premium Format General Grievous and Darth Maul.
Finally, check out a new Luke Skywalker double telescoping figure and an AFA-Graded Snowspeeder (Blue Box) over at http://www.brianstoys.com/nl/2012-12-14.htm


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Faceoffs make a difference as Blackhawks and Bruins compete for Stanley Cup
CHICAGO - Patrick Sharp was a young centre in the Philadelphia Flyers' organization when he got a lesson from Hall of Famer Bobby Clarke on taking faceoffs. Clarke played 15 seasons in the NHL and won two Stanley Cups, so Sharp listened intently.
He carries the heart of the message with him to this day.
"The biggest thing he told me was, 'Get in there, get low and just battle and not be afraid to get dirty,'" said Sharp, now a wing for the Chicago Blackhawks. "Sometimes you get thinking about what the other guy's doing and what you want to do at the faceoff dot and sometimes the best way is just get in there and compete for that puck."
That competition has taken on added significance in this year's Stanley Cup finals, with the evenly matched Blackhawks and Boston Bruins vying for the title. There are stars all over the ice, so every draw can lead to another opportunity for a gifted scorer to pick up a crucial goal.
"Faceoffs are critical, especially at this point in the season," Bruins defenceman Torey Krug said. "The more times you can start with the puck than not obviously boosts your team.
"You want to have first crack at playing with the puck, especially a team like them, they like to play with the puck a lot more rather than dump the puck in. It's important."
Faceoffs played a huge role when Boston beat Chicago 2-0 in Game 3 to take a 2-1 advantage in the series. The Bruins won a whopping 40 of the 56 draws in the victory, including six of seven when they were on the power play or short-handed. The disparity was a factor in limiting the Blackhawks to just 28 shots on goal.
Chicago gradually turned it around in each of the next two games, winning 39 of 77 faceoffs on Wednesday night and 33 of 57 in Game 5. The improved performance on the draws helped the Blackhawks to two victories that moved them within one win of their second Stanley Cup title in four years.
"I thought we were much more effective than in the prior game," Chicago coach Joel Quenneville said before Saturday night's 3-1 win. "They got better as the game went on. I just think starting with the puck is key. I think having it against this team is important.
"When you're at a disadvantage, that big of a variance, you're definitely against it, and I think especially in the big faceoffs, the critical ones, especially starting special teams plays a huge importance."
Chicago and Boston each has one of the best centres in the league when it comes to winning faceoffs. Bruins star Patrice Bergeron had an NHL-best 62.1 per cent faceoff winning percentage this season, and Blackhawks captain Jonathan Toews was second at 59.9 per cent.
While the natural talent for Bergeron and Toews is a factor in their success, there's so much more that goes into winning faceoffs, especially in the playoffs. It's about practice, scouting and the effort by the other players on the ice. The linesman that drops the puck also is important.
"Everyone's got to be competitive and hungry to get the puck," Toews said. "At the end of the day a lot of bounces can go the wrong way but I think if you're working hard and you're ready for it you're going to get more draws."
The preparation starts with scouting and video work. The players and coaches examine past faceoffs to look for tendencies in opposing players and also where their own technique can improve.
"Every series when you play against the same guys for a few games, there are some tendencies that you learn," said Bergeron, who missed much of Game 5 with an injury. "You try to, I guess, counter and I'm sure they're doing the same things.
"Sometimes, some of the things you've been doing have not been working as well and you try to tweak some things and talk to your centermen as the series progresses."
There's also plenty of gamesmanship when it comes to the linesman dropping the puck. It's up to the official to conduct a fair faceoff while the centres jockey for position and any little advantage they can find.
"They have a tough job, because there is a certain protocol that you're supposed to follow to take a faceoff and both teams, you want to cheat as much as you can and you're not afraid to get thrown out because a lot of guys can take draws," Sharp said. "It's like a three-way responsibility, both teams and the refs as well."
While statistics show how well each team did on the draws and which players did well against other players, not all faceoffs are created equal.
The importance of winning the draw depends on the location and the situation in the game. Faceoffs on special teams are crucial, because a successful one allows a team to set up its power play or can help it kill off a man-advantage situation for its opponent.
In the NHL, it's more about which faceoffs you win than how many.
"At the end of the day you try to win it whenever the ref tries to throw the puck down," Sharp said. "You want that puck."
Jay Cohen can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/jcohenap


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Paul St. George wants you to believe.
"Hardly anyone knows that a secret tunnel runs deep beneath the Atlantic Ocean. In May 2008, more than a century after it was begun, the tunnel has finally been completed. An extraordinary optical device called a Telectroscope has been installed at both ends which miraculously allows people to see right through the Earth from London to New York and vice versa."


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Schools in the U.K. are being are being urged to stop signing licensing deals with Microsoft by a government watchdog.
According to the British Educational and Technological Agency (Becta), schools should not sign software licensing deals with Microsoft because of Redmond's alleged anti-competitive practices.
Earlier this month Becta referred Microsoft to the Office of Fair Trading for its alleged anti-competitive practices in the schools software marketplace and in relation to Microsoft's approach to document interoperability.
According to the BBC, it says that talks have not resolved its "fundamental concerns" about the academic licensing of its Windows Office 2007 and Vista operating systems. Becta believes that new licensing arrangements are too restrictive, and is concerned over potential inoperability problems with existing software.
Thousands of schools in the U.K. already use Microsoft software, and Becta's principle concerns center around the limitations Microsoft places on schools using its subscription licensing arrangements.
Microsoft's School Agreement subscription licensing model insists that schools pay for a licence for every PC on the premises which might use its software, regardless of whether or not they were running something else.
Becta's advice to schools considering moving to Microsoft's School Agreement subscription licensing model is that they should not do so.
It reminds schools they are legally obliged to have licensed software, but suggests they use instead what is known as "perpetual licensing." This gives the permanent right to use the software and requires no ongoing payments beyond the purchase price.
The difficulty for schools is that using a subscription service such as Microsoft's, often results in smaller, annual payments rather than a larger one-off cost.
In its complaint Becta also identifies potential difficulties for schools, pupils and parents who wish to use alternatives to Microsoft's Office suite, such as Open Office or Star Office, because they may not be compatible.


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Have you ever cooked with a celery root or a celeriac before? It resembles the shape of misshapen turnip with beards growing here and there. At first glance to be frank it is not very appealing, particularly when seated next to the rows and rows of beautiful pink perfect red carrots of the season; but since I had heard so much about the delicate celery like flavors of these root vegetables, I could not pass up the chance to pick one up in the farmer's market yesterday.
Celeriac is a root vegetable in celery family. For a long time I thought celeriac is the root bulb of celery but that is not quite the case! The stalks and leaves attached to a celeriac are _not_ actually celery; I was planning to use them up in my soup but a bit of Googling told me that they may not be edible so I skipped them and used regular celery instead. In texture celeriac is simlar to the Mexican Jicama with a dominant celery flavor with a slight bit of sweetness like an apple!
Preparing celery root is very easy. First you chop off the celerish stalks attached to the root and then run the root through running water for a few minutes making sure to remove as much dirt as you can. Then using your knife peel of the outer skin as shown in the image below. You can then chop off the celery root into bite sized pieces. The celeriac is fantastic raw in salads or roasted with a bit of rosemary, salt & pepper or pureed in a soup. For my first attempt I decided to go with a simple but absolutely delicious celery-celeriac soup!
Celeriac is in season for a short duration and its not found that easily in supermarkets either, so if you get a chance to try this root vegetable, definitely go for it, I am sure you will love it!


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And it got me thinking; all I require is space to hang what I have and what I purchase,which usually results in an awful lot of shuffling around and doubling up... Anal retentive?She's bloody lucky.
Growing up my Mom was the proverbial shopaholic...bags strewn in hidden closets under lock and key,some surreptitiously brought upstairs away from Dad's glare and quickly dispensed with in her bedroom closet already bulging from the weight of too many shopping sprees. Soon Mom had no room in her closet... and zip up wardrobes would sprout like mushrooms in the night. And when that was no longer enough...her clothes snuck themselves into our closets...
Once we fled the cuckoo's nest,Mom decided that her revenge would be to sabotage our closets and bombard them with her clothes. Complain? How could we...we left home,bare the consequences.
We had a playroom, at the top of the house which was my sister's and my domain. We had individual desk nooks with shelves and drawers each. But when the wardrobe expansion dictated greener pastures, Mom explored her horizon and came up trumps. Remove the desk nooks and reduce it to one ( I was in boarding school at that point) and my sister had her desk/shelf unit set up nicely in another corner so that she could take the expanse of the wall and create her nirvana: built in wardrobe from one end to another.
Chloe Sevegny is an amateur when it came to Mom's holy reign of terror over her wardrobe : if you so much as stepped into her room (strategically placed above the living room...) and so much as turned the key to unlock the closet...she would spring to life like a panther:
" REEEMMMM!?What are you doing in my bedroom!!!" she would boom across the floors and ceilings,her voice like a carillon reverberating in your skull.
The closets we could safely delve into to our hearts content were the ones in "our domain": her finely tuned hearing would switch off because there would hang her "oldies":clothes she was mildly interested in....until I or my sister would appear wearing a piece of her" bored with clothing" ,her eyes would focus,her mind would start to whirl through the archives of her closet and when it came up empty she would ask:
"That's nice...where did you get that from?!"
"Your closet upstairs,Mom...."
"Hmmm....don't ruin it...." or...." I forgot I had that,put it back in my room after..."
With all the magnificent clothes,shoes and accessories she had...the insult to injury would be when she would delve into our meagre (compared to hers...)belongings and insist on wearing my bracelet, Lina's cardigan.... and if we DARED to whinge all hell would break loose.
Of course we were incredibly lucky to have such an extended wardrobe especially when she would invite us in and give us precious gifts of pieces she didn't wear nor want anymore. Fashion was the way Mom expressed herself and she did so with dignified precision worthy of any designer. She shopped therefore she was... and when she passed away and we had to clear out the sacred closets and uncover the hidden gems,some still wrapped up with their tags dangling,did we shed a tear for here was the essence of Mom,her beating pulse....her cologne still wafting from cashmere and Chanel.
Remembering Mom....28 Oct..... 12 years since her passing.


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|Brennen Bearnes 9f01e78448 update.gif
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This was created with:
mkdir libs
git subtree add -P libs/Big_Easy_Driver --squash email@example.com:sparkfun/Big_Easy_Driver.git master
git subtree add -P libs/Adafruit-PiTFT-Helper --squash firstname.lastname@example.com:adafruit/Adafruit-PiTFT-Helper.git master
You could also do the same thing by creating a named remote first:
git remote add Adafruit-Pi-PiTFT-Helper firstname.lastname@example.com:adafruit/Adafruit-Pi-PiTFT-Helper.git
git subtree add -P libs/Adafruit-PiTFT-Helper --squash Adafruit-Pi-PiTFT-Helper master
master here could be a branch or a specific commit.
(Notice how in the
subtree add, I used the named remote instead of
firstname.lastname@example.com:adafruit/Adafruit-PiTFT-Helper.git. This can be convenient,
but it will only exist on a local copy of the repo, so it's one extra layer of
confusion when explaining to people.)
There's an
update_subtrees.sh. It looks like this:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
git subtree pull -P libs/Big_Easy_Driver --squash firstname.lastname@example.com:sparkfun/Big_Easy_Driver.git master
git subtree pull -P libs/Adafruit-PiTFT-Helper --squash email@example.com:adafruit/Adafruit-PiTFT-Helper.git master
The reason this is in a script is that every
git subtree command pretty much
requires a prefix, a remote, and a ref. This is too much to expect anybody to
remember without googling. Trust me, you'll forget it an hour after you set
up the subtree the first time. If you don't put it in a script, at least
document all the commands you use in your README.
I have tested this on Debian. It would probably run on Windows in a git shell (assuming Bash), but I haven't tried that yet.
Ok, so first, why subtree?
Lots of people I know (especially in the hardware community) seem to be dealing with dependencies between repositories lately.
git is actually quite bad at handling this problem, to date. In fact, I'm not
sure if there exists an otherwise usable VCS that's any good at it. It just
doesn't seem to be very much part of the model for anything. (Somebody tell me
if I'm wrong about this.)
There are two out of the box solutions that I'm aware of:
Of these, submodules are probably better documented and have more first-class UI. They also seem to break things a lot and confuse users pretty badly. Here's the relevant google search. I have had a real bad time with submodules, but this isn't meant as a polemic. There may be use-cases for submodules, and they may be improving as git is developed.
Anyhow, subtrees: Subtrees are a fundamentally pretty different abstraction. Rather than pointing at some remote, they copy the contents (and optionally history) of a remote repository. Advantages:
--recursive to
get dependencies - code's just there.
--squash, you just wind up with one commit pointed at the
target ref.
Here are some writeups:
Good luck.


text:
SCAD Museum of Art
Savannah / United States / 2013
23 Love 2,693 Visits Published
The SCAD Museum of Art is the recipient of the 2014 American Institute of Architects National Honor Award for Architecture, a pinnacle award for new buildings given by the AIA annually. "The AIA National Honor Award is the ultimate recognition of the SCAD Museum of Art as a cornerstone of the university, a center for learning and collaboration, and a living monument to art and design education for Savannahians, and visitors from around the world," said Paula Wallace, SCAD president and co-founder. The Institute Honor Awards program recognizes achievements for a broad range of architectural activity to elevate the general quality of architecture practice, establish a standard of excellence against which all architects can measure performance, and inform the public of the breadth and value of architecture practice. "This award reflects both the mission of the museum and of SCAD. The building illuminates a dialogue between art and architecture, interior and landscape, preservation and urbanism. At the convergence of such crucial questions, the viewer takes part in a conversation three centuries in the making" said Christian Sottile, AIA, design architect for the building and dean of the SCAD School of Building Arts. The SCAD Museum of Art project team designers, under the leadership of SCAD include President Wallace, Senior Vice President Glenn Wallace, Sottile and Sottile, Lord Aeck & Sargent, and Dawson Architects. SCAD School of Building Arts students coalesced a transformative architectural process as part of their stimulating environment, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary knowledge, collaboration and progressive thinking just steps beyond the classroom. Breaking ground in 2010, the SCAD Museum of Art, the largest rehabilitation project in SCAD history, advances the university's award-winning legacy of adaptive reuse and urban revitalization. Re-opened to the public an impressive 18 months later in 2011, SCAD Museum of Art is a contemporary art and design museum conceived and designed expressly to enrich the educational milieu of SCAD students and faculty, and to attract and delight visitors from around the world. The finished museum site includes the former headquarters of the Central of Georgia Railroad, as well as the masonry ruins of a freight warehouse, both constructed in the mid-19th century. This National Historic Landmark is the only surviving antebellum railroad complex in the country. SCAD is recognized as an international leader in conserving and adaptively reusing existing buildings and historic structures, many of which provide the university with facilities that serve as living laboratories for the study of art, architecture and design. SCAD has rehabilitated more than 100 buildings in Savannah and Atlanta, Georgia; Lacoste, France; and Hong Kong into state-of-the-art facilities. The university has been recognized by UNESCO, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the American Institute of Architects and the International Downtown Association, among others, for its excellence in design and historic conservation. Architect: Sottile & Sottile and Lord Aeck & Sargent Architects, in association with Dawson Architects Christian Sottile, AIA, Joe Greco, AIA, Neil Dawson, AIA, principals Interior Designer: Paula Wallace, Glenn Wallace, SCAD Design Group Mechanical Engineer: Newcomb & Boyd Structural Engineer: W. Hunter Saussy III Electrical Engineer: Newcomb & Boyd Civil Engineer: Wolverton and Associates Geotechnical Engineer: Terracon General Contractor: Carson Skanska, LLC Landscape Architect: Sottile & Sottile, SCAD Design Group, Wolverton and Associates, The Nelson Group Lighting Designer: SCAD Design Group, Lord Aeck & Sargent, Sottile & Sottile Other consultants: Quenroe and Associates, Museum Consultant James S. Brawley Associates, Audio Acoustics & Production Technology Consultant Pentagram, interactive media table design Size in Square Feet: 82,120 square feet
23 users love this project
Enlarge image
The SCAD Museum of Art is the recipient of the 2014 American Institute of Architects National Honor Award for Architecture, a pinnacle award for new buildings given by the AIA annually. "The AIA National Honor Award is the ultimate recognition of the SCAD Museum of Art as a cornerstone of the university, a center for learning and collaboration, and a living monument to art and design education for Savannahians, and visitors from around the world," said Paula Wallace, SCAD president and...
- Year 2013
- Work finished in 2013
- Main structure Masonry
- Client Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD)
- Status Completed works
- Type Multi-purpose Cultural Centres / Museums / Art Galleries / Recovery/Restoration of Historic Buildings
- Websitehttp://www.scad.edu/


text:
As I continue a campfire theme this week, I thought it would be fun to post at least one skit that would be easy for two Boy Scouts to learn for your next weekend camping trip. The only prop needed is a flashlight.
Two Scouts meet, and the first scout begins to brag he can climb anything.
Scout 2 "I can climb anything!"
Scout 1 "Can you climb that tree?"
Scout 2 "Sure I've done it lots of times."
Scout 1 "Can you climb the steep hill over there?"
Scout 2 "No sweat, no problem for me."
Scout 1 "How about the Empire State Building?"
Scout 2 "Done it, Did it."
Scout 1 "How about Mount Everest?"
Scout 2 "Boy that was I cold day, I've done that too. I told you I am the world's greatest climber, I can climb anything.
Scout 1 "I'll bet you ten bucks I can show you something that you can't climb."
Scout 2 "Your on!"
Scout 1 pulls out a flashlight and shines the beam up into the sky. "All right climb that!"
Scout 2 "Are you crazy? No Way!"
Scout 1 "I knew you would back out, now pay up!"
Scout 2 "I won't pay because its not fair. I know you, I'd start climbing and I'd get half way and you'd turn the flashlight off!"