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2000 Campaign Report
2000 Campaign Report
2. What we're up against
by Harry Browne
Most Libertarians don't understand what we as a party are up against. They think we can make a big breakthrough if we just do this or do that get a celebrity candidate, speak at colleges, go to the inner cities, change our message, stage the right kind of media events, take matching funds, whatever.
While many activities can contribute to the growth of the LP and to the spread of libertarian ideas, we must understand that an electoral breakthrough is close to impossible under the current legal circumstances.
It isn't that we are doomed to irrelevance forever. But we can't expect to make a breakthrough until we understand the legal obstacles in our path and do something to remove them. And without this understanding, any appraisal of federal campaigns, past, present, or future runs the risk of missing the point.
America today is without question a two-party country. But it isn't that way because public opinion has demanded it, because it is more convenient to have only two parties, or because there is any inherent benefit to the country.
America is a two-party nation because the politicians have used the force of government to make it so.
The Republicans and Democrats have imposed the two-party system on us with five major types of laws. These laws not only place direct obstacles to electoral breakthroughs, they also affect the way the media perceives us and the way the public perceives us thus creating three layers of resistance to Libertarian breakthroughs.
The first layer consists of the direct legal obstacles the five types of laws the Republicans and Democrats have put in our path.
1. Donation Limits
Federal campaign laws limit the size of a donation an individual can make directly to a federal campaign (presidential, Congressional, Senatorial) to $1,000 prior to the party's nomination and $1,000 after the nomination.
This isn't a big problem for incumbents. They get enormous free publicity, so they need less money for advertising. And special-interest groups are glad to fund-raise on their behalf, presenting incumbents with $50,000 or more in $1,000 donations they've bundled from their members. These groups will do this for an incumbent, but not for us, because the incumbent is in a position to provide favors in return immediately and in the future.
The contribution limits are even less of a hurdle for Senators and Congressmen who chair committees people like, not surprisingly, Senator John McCain. Political Action Committees, corporations, and individuals line up to contribute or provide in-kind help in order to obtain access to a committee chairman, in the hope of passing pet legislation or warding off bills that are dangerous to their own interests.
And, of course, incumbents get to use millions of dollars worth of government facilities that we pay for TV studios, free postage, press releases issued by their Congressional committees trumpeting their achievements, and much more. This keeps their names in front of the voters.
In other words, the campaign finance laws are not a large inconvenience for the Republicans and Democrats, since they have so many other ways to acquire campaign funds and to get their messages to the voters.
But for us, those laws are a hurdle that's virtually insurmountable. As has been pointed out, raising money with a $1,000 limit is like trying to use a teaspoon to fill a swimming pool.
Imagine, instead, a world without these laws. Our presidential candidate is being interviewed on TV. Someone hears him and says to himself, "This is what I've believed and wanted for as long as I can remember." He immediately sits down and writes a $1 million check and sends it to the presidential campaign or to a Congressional campaign or to the party itself.
Or imagine hundreds of people seeing such interviews and each deciding to send $5,000 or $50,000.
Would we then be sitting around trying to invent magic bullets designed to get our message heard?
2. Reporting Laws
Because virtually all campaign donations must be reported, major donors can be afraid to finance anyone who challenges the existing two-party system.
(The disclosure laws also inspire many wealthy interests to donate to both Republican and Democratic candidates so as not to be vulnerable to the retribution that could come from donating only to the party that happens to lose the election.)
There is no practical, ethical, or historical reason to make the reporting of donations mandatory. Each candidate should decide for himself what his reporting policy will be. Every voter can then consider that policy when deciding whether to vote for him.
If a voter thinks reporting is important, he can reject a candidate who won't say where his campaign money comes from. If the voter doesn't think reporting is important, he can ignore the matter (as most would), and let the candidate put his limited resources into transmitting his views and proposals rather than into filling out endless government forms.
The idea that "full disclosure" should be mandatory is just one more way politicians and reformers impose their own values and interests on everyone else. In this, as in financial and personal matters, why shouldn't each person decide for himself what he wants from candidates?
There is a long American tradition of anonymity in political activity. The Federalist Papers were published under a pseudonym. And there were virtually no disclosure laws for federal campaigns until the Watergate era. Before the Democrats decided to beat up on Richard Nixon in 1973, most people assumed it was no one's business whom you gave money to just as it was no one's business whom you voted for.
But, as with so many things, constant repetition has led to the near-universal assumption that "full disclosure" is some sort of virtue.
Reporting campaign donations in the format required by the Federal Election Commission (FEC) is an onerous task requiring enormous amounts of time, money, and trouble. Congressional candidates from a major party can more easily afford to pay to have that done or a candidate's party will take care of the reporting for him.
But for many third-party candidates working on shoestring budgets, there is a major incentive to avoid reporting altogether. Since the reporting requirement for federal candidates kicks in at $5,000, a Congressional candidate of a smaller party has good reason to stop raising money before he reaches $5,000. But how can he run a competitive (or even visible) race with $4,800 against candidates who have $100,000 or more at their disposal?
The reporting laws are wrong in and of themselves. But they are especially damaging to third parties. There are many people in America who are wealthy, libertarian at heart, and aware of the LP. But a good many of them are vulnerable to the legislation and regulations of the federal government. If their contributions to third parties have to be reported, they can fear (rightly or wrongly) that their businesses will suffer.
Imagine what it would be like if, say, a rich libertarian oilman could contribute a large sum of money to the LP or an LP candidate without antagonizing his Republican political friends some of whom hold enormous power over the future of his oil business.
3. Campaign Subsidies
The Democrats and Republicans use your tax money to subsidize their presidential campaigns.
For the 2000 general election, George W. Bush (R) and Al Gore (D) each took $67.6 million out of the U.S. Treasury. This was in addition to millions of tax dollars given to Al Gore as matching funds in the primaries. (George Bush turned down the primary subsidy in order to avoid being subject to spending limits, but he gladly accepted the general-election subsidy.)
In addition, your tax dollars were spent on their nominating conventions.
The general-election subsidies are limited to parties that received 5% or more of the vote in the previous presidential election. This enabled the Reform Party to get $12.5 million in 2000. Even if an LP candidate were to get 5% of the presidential vote, qualifying the next Libertarian candidate for the subsidy, most LP members probably would want the candidate to turn down the subsidy.
(For us to get 5% in the first place would require, under the present system, a billionaire like Ross Perot as the candidate, and that would mean nominating someone whose libertarian principles might be a lot less firm than those of the candidates we've had since the party's founding.)
So the Democrats and Republicans in Congress awarded $67.6 million of our money to each of their parties, available with no fund-raising cost whatsoever, to be spent freely on their campaigns while we tried to raise money $1,000 at a time.
Imagine, instead, that the Republicans and Democrats had to rely entirely on personal fund-raising just as we do. With no limits on campaign donations, they would undoubtedly raise more money than we would at least at first. But they would have to divert a lot of their resources to the task, just as we do now. They would no longer have a free fund-raising ride throughout the general election season.
4. The Debate Commission
It's easy to believe the presidential TV debates are a private undertaking whose organizers have simply decided to exclude us. But that isn't true.
It was necessary for Republicans and Democrats in Congress to pass laws to make the debates possible in their present form. To finance the debates, corporations were granted special exemptions from the current laws that prohibit them from sponsoring political advocacy. And unlike normal campaign donations, the contributions were even tax-deductible(!).
The Republicans and Democrats decreed by law that the Debate Commission would consist of an equal number of Democrats and Republicans, but no one else.
The Commission then decided to limit participation in the debates to (surprise!) just the Republican and Democratic candidates. So millions of Americans were shown that there were only two presidential candidates who should be considered seriously.
Because such debates could be sponsored only through special legislation, control of the debates was completely in the hands of the politicians not the TV networks.
Imagine instead a situation in which there were no campaign finance laws. Without the special legislation necessary to sponsor the debates, it's reasonable to assume that some sponsors and TV networks (broadcast or cable) would want to stage at least one debate involving more than just the two main candidates and would give a hard time to a Republican or Democrat who refused to show up.
In the last election, that would have meant one or more of the debates would have included at least Ralph Nader and Pat Buchanan and, given our equality with Pat Buchanan in the polls, I probably would have been invited as well.
Imagine having a Libertarian in even one presidential debate with the main candidates. Imagine the Libertarian telling people that they could be free of the income tax entirely, that they should be allowed completely out of Social Security, that there's a candidate who wants to end the insane War on Drugs.
It would be a breakthrough of immense proportions. Millions of Americans would see that there's a party that wants them to be free to live their lives as they think best, not as the politicians command them to live.
It would give the LP credibility beyond anything we can get through other means. It would mean the public would take us far more seriously than it does now.
Look how getting into the Minnesota debates in 1998 changed Jesse Ventura's political fortunes. And he was offering people far less than a Libertarian candidate would.
5. Ballot Access Barriers
As you've been made painfully aware over the years, Republicans and Democrats also pass laws at the state level to make it difficult and expensive for third-party candidates to get on the ballot.
(There are no federal laws governing ballot access. Each state sets its own rules even for federal offices.)
In some states, third-party candidates are required to obtain far more petition signatures and/or post much larger filing fees than are required for Democratic and Republican candidates.
Thus, after having fewer funds to begin with, a third-party candidate must waste some of them posting a large filing fee, and then he must use even more of his resources to obtain a large number of signatures.
There are states where Republicans and Democrats are listed on the ballot as "Republican" or "Democrat" but any third-party candidate is designated as "Independent." Thus someone who wants to vote Libertarian has no way of knowing which candidate is the Libertarian. And he won't want to risk guessing because he has no way of knowing if a given "Independent" belongs to a white supremacist, Communist, or Prohibitionist party.
Imagine, instead, what it would be like if all states had ballot-access laws similar to what Libertarians were able to enact in Colorado in 1998. There now are no filing fees at all, and Libertarian candidates get on the ballot automatically (labeled as "Libertarian") if nominated at the party's state convention.
In 2000 this allowed Libertarians to run candidates in 57 of the 65 State House races, 17 of the 35 State Senate races, and in all 6 Congressional districts. Libertarians obtained 7.5% of all the votes cast in Colorado for State House races.
This kind of progress was possible because Colorado Libertarians no longer waste enormous resources getting petitions signed and posting exorbitant filing fees.
Imagine the difference if that were the case everywhere.
My descriptions of the legal hurdles mostly referred to candidates for federal offices.
However, similar laws are imposed as well on state and local candidates by state and local governments. Those laws limit donations to candidates, force the candidates to report donations, and in some cases subsidize Democratic and Republican candidates.
The legal obstacles at all levels of government put us at a severe disadvantage to the Republicans and Democrats. They make it harder for us to raise money and get on the ballot, while the Republicans and Democrats help themselves to our tax money (with no fund-raising costs), intimidate potential donors with reporting laws, and limit the national TV debates to just their candidates
These obstacles are bad enough in themselves. But they are just the first layer of resistance to a Libertarian breakthrough. The obstacles make the second layer of resistance the inattention of the media almost inevitable.
Journalists, newscasters, and TV pundits may never have identified the legal situation in the way I've laid it out here. But it is plain to them that no one but a Republican or Democrat has much chance to win the Presidency (or most any other partisan office). So it stands to reason that they don't bother giving us much press coverage.
Because of their celebrity, Ralph Nader and Pat Buchanan received many times the coverage we did in 2000. But even what they received was minuscule compared to the coverage lavished on Al Gore and George Bush.
There is nothing mysterious about this. There is no gigantic "media conspiracy" to keep us out of the public eye. The people in the media are simply responding to the situation imposed by force by the Republicans and Democrats in Congress.
If I were an editor, I can't imagine that I'd devote anywhere near the same coverage to a third-party candidate that I'd give to the Republican or Democrat given the way the legal hurdles have made a third-party victory so unlikely.
Consequently, third-party challengers can't get their message to the public as easily as the Democrats and Republicans can. This is ironic, since it is the third-party challengers who actually have a message of some kind, while the Democrats and Republicans engage more in character assassination.
Thus a presidential campaign isn't even as useful as we'd like for party-building or to spread libertarian ideas. We simply aren't going to get very much press coverage so long as the campaign laws are stacked against us.
At the national and local level, we usually get no news coverage whatsoever. And from most shows and publications we get only what I call the "one obligatory interview" the single interview with which a media outlet can feel it has discharged its presumed duty to present all sides.
We were fortunate in 2000 in getting repeat appearances on a number of national TV and radio shows. But others such as "Meet the Press" considered their duty done when they crammed me into a single show with Howard Phillips and John Hagelin. And we were never covered by anyone as a news item.
Imagine, however, what it would be like if all parties were on an equal legal footing for financing and ballot access. The media would have good reason to pay more attention to parties like ours even if at first they didn't give us nearly as much attention as they give to the Republicans and Democrats. I think the attention would grow fairly rapidly over time.
Finally, because the campaign laws have given the media good reason to pay little attention to us, we face a third layer of resistance: The public has little reason to pay much attention to us either.
It isn't just that the public is less aware of us because of the limited TV exposure. The exposure we do get is much less effective precisely because it's so limited. If you show up on TV less than 1% as often as Al Gore or George Bush, why should someone take you seriously as a candidate even if that person agrees completely with what you say?
The people who hear our ideas and agree with them feel our efforts are futile with good reason. And so they vote for the lesser of the two evils who have a chance to be elected. We hate that hate it with a passion. But can you blame them?
Imagine, instead, that all parties were on a completely equal footing legally. Imagine, then, that the media knew that every candidate had a relatively equal chance, and so the media devoted considerably more attention to third parties than they do now even if they still provided less coverage than for Republicans and Democrats.
Imagine, then, that people seeing us much more frequently on TV and in other media thought of us not as a sideshow but as serious contenders if not to win the Presidency, at least to offer a medium through which to express the views they hold that the Republicans and Democrats ignore.
(One element of the wasted-vote syndrome that's usually overlooked is that people who know we can't win might still vote for us as an expression of their own beliefs but only if they're sure our vote totals will be given wide publicity on election night. If we don't show up on TV much during the campaign, it's obvious that no one's likely to report our vote on election night. So what benefit does voting Libertarian provide for a voter who wants to make a statement?)
Imagine, too, what greater coverage for the presidential campaign could do for voters' attitudes toward voting Libertarian for lesser offices on the ballot.
All the big ideas in the world for campaign messages and for gaining publicity are unlikely to bear fruit so long as the legal obstacles remain in place. Those obstacles affect the media's perception of third parties, which in turn affects the public's perception of us.
It is why the most insignificant press conference called by a Republican or Democrat will be attended by at least a few journalists, while third-party press conferences draw one or two reporters if even that.
It is why the protests we generate receive at most a line or two of coverage in the press, while poorly attended events staged by the major parties get front-page coverage.
It is why several dozen reporters and three TV networks will crowd into a small Iowa diner to watch George Bush flip pancakes, an event that reveals nothing of the kind of President George Bush might be while none of those media people would think of showing up to cover a Libertarian candidate speaking to thousands of people at an anti-Drug-War rally.
And, perhaps most important, it is why people you know who agree far more with us than with the Republicans and Democrats will still vote for Democrats and Republicans even though that encourages the winners to move even further away from a Libertarian America.
In 1992 Ross Perot was able to neutralize most of the obstacles. He began by telling Larry King that if (unnamed) people would get him on the ballot in all 50 states, he'd put $100 million of his own money into a campaign for the Presidency.
The promise was sufficient to get the media to take him seriously. In fact, the media took him so seriously and gave him such attention that he was actually leading in the polls at one point. In addition, the Republicans and Democrats felt they couldn't exclude him from the presidential debates without inviting scorn from the media. (When he got 19% of the vote in 1992, it pretty much guaranteed that the Republicans and Democrats would never let him in the 1996 debates.)
To open up the political process and give all third parties a chance, we need to strike down all the current campaign finance laws the laws restricting political donations and political spending, the laws subsidizing candidates, the laws requiring disclosure of contributions, the laws subsidizing the Debate Commission, and the ballot-access laws.
All these laws violate the U.S. Constitution. And they impose a two-party system on America by force. Obviously, they will never be repealed by Congress, because Congressmen are primary beneficiaries of the laws (and in fact are looking to make them even worse).
But it's possible that the laws will be nullified by a Supreme Court finding that they're unconstitutional.
That's why Perry Willis and I have initiated a lawsuit against the Federal Election Commission designed to put the FEC out of business and to strike down all the laws I've described except the ballot-access laws (which are imposed at the state level). We've recruited other plaintiffs as well. We expect the suit to be decided eventually by the Supreme Court.
And if the Court strikes down the federal obstacles, this will provide precedents that will strike down state and local obstacles as well either immediately or later when those obstacles are challenged in court.
Only when the campaign laws are thrown out will we be able to compete for money in a way that begins to match the resources of the two old parties.
Only then will the media begin to take us seriously.
And only then will the public begin to think of us as serious contenders, worthy of their votes even if they're not yet convinced we can win.
Understand that the lawsuit isn't a magic bullet that will catapult us into serious contention immediately. Even if the bad laws are thrown out, it will take time to build resources, media attention, and public awareness.
It isn't that winning the lawsuit will assure our victory. It is that victory is virtually impossible without winning the lawsuit.
Do We Have a Chance?
You may have heard or read an analysis claiming our suit has no chance to succeed. All well and good. Everyone is entitled to an opinion.
But understand some things:
We wouldn't undertake the lawsuit if we didn't think we had a chance to win. This doesn't mean we know we can win, only that we believe it's well worth the effort.
A tremendous amount of research has been done on this matter. Our attorneys have written some very valuable articles providing insights into our prospects.
As I said, I can't guarantee we'll win the suit. But we'll do the best we can. And if we don't start now to fight these unjust laws, when will we do so?
We can complain all we want about the media, but they aren't the root of the problem. Media people are acting in their own self-interest, given the legal situation as it exists, and as Libertarians we should be the last people to expect them to do otherwise.
We must continue to push for all the media coverage we can get, but we must also work to open up the political system itself.
We must also continue to work to build as large a Libertarian Party as we can. With more members, there will be more money available for races at all levels. And the more money that's available, the more advertising we can do bypassing the journalists.
Our political campaigns at all levels have achieved a great deal in bringing the libertarian message to millions of people. I hope we win the lawsuit so that we can be more effective. But we should recognize all that's been achieved already, and not sit on our hands waiting for a legal victory.
(I'm grateful to ballot-access expert Richard Winger for reviewing this article before publication and making valuable suggestions. However, if any errors remain, they are my responsibility.)


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subset: commoncrawl


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Tappen 6 Piece Coverlet Set by August Grove will help to lead a comfortable and stylish home area arrangement. Have you ever wondered using sophisticated and classic furniture to garner the environment of your places? This unique and special designed furniture is the cynosure of excellence. According to its design, material, and fabric to the workmanship and style, this great furnishings remains the paragon of beauty. The tool-free, unique design and compact size of the product makes it easy to install for cozy and affordable setting in condos. In fact to transport this piece of furniture will not pose any problem to any buyer. Are you aspiring or planning to design your home, office or any other small environments? Look no further than the Tappen 6 Piece Coverlet Set by August Grove. The reversible accent furnish will help you relax and catch fun when using this elegant Tappen 6 Piece Coverlet Set by August Grove.
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Hash has never been so decadent. Pieces of duck confit, tender vegetables, and golden-brown potatoes meld with a lavish drizzle of heavy cream and Madeira to create a breakfast centerpiece.
- Yield
- Makes 6 (main course) servings
- Active Time
- 1 3D4 hr
- Total Time
- 1 3D4 hr
- 3 (6-oz) confit duck legs
- 1 large onion, chopped (2 cups)
- 3/4 lb carrots (3 large) cut into 1/3-inch dice
- 1 1/2 lb yellow-fleshed potatoes such as Yukon Gold (3 large), peeled and cut into 1/3-inch dice
- 1 1/4 teaspoons salt
- 3/4 teaspoon black pepper
- 3/4 cup heavy cream
- 1/4 cup Madeira
- 1/4 cup chopped fresh flat-leaf parsley
- Cook duck legs, skin sides down, in a 12-inch cast-iron or heavy nonstick skillet over moderate heat, turning over once, until skin is golden and some of fat is rendered, about 8 minutes total. Transfer duck to a cutting board, reserving fat in skillet. When duck legs are cool enough to handle, remove skin with any visible fat, then chop skin and fat into 1/2-inch pieces and return to skillet (reserve meat). Cook over moderate heat, stirring occasionally and pressing down on larger pieces, until fat is rendered and skin is deep golden and crisp all over, about 5 minutes. Remove skin with a slotted spoon and drain on paper towels.
- Pour off all but 3 tablespoons fat from skillet, then add onion and cook over moderate heat, stirring occasionally, until golden brown, about 15 minutes. Add carrots, potatoes, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and 1/4 teaspoon pepper and cook, stirring frequently, until vegetables are browned, 20 to 30 minutes.
- Meanwhile, coarsely shred duck meat, discarding bones and any gristle.
- Stir duck into vegetables along with cream, Madeira, parsley, fried duck skin, and remaining 3/4 teaspoon salt and 1/2 teaspoon pepper, and stir until combined. Reduce heat to moderately low, then smooth top of mixture and cook, undisturbed, until bottom of hash is golden when lifted with a spatula, 4 to 8 minutes.


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I'm a member of the Family Christian Bloggers and they provided me with a free copy of The Power of Weakness for this review.
In Power of Weakness, Dan Schaffer explores the biblical truths found in God's word about power despite our weakness. Many of us realize that we are inheritably weak and apart from Christ we aren't able to be who we were created to be. Throughout the book, we dive into scriptural verses concerning the live of Paul. One of the main verses was 2 Corinthians 2:9-10 which basically describes how God gives us grace and his power is perfect and shown in weakness. Paul was content that he had weaknesses and for Christ's sake for when he is weak he is strong. Dan also guides readers into overcoming danger, despair, baggage, fear, inadequacy, abuse, and so much more.
I would recommend this amazing book to anyone who is struggling with inadequacy and weakness and they are seeking to improve their lives and discovering the power found in Christ. I liked how Dan also shared how God used people who thought they were weak and unqualified for what God was calling them to do. For instance, God called Moses to lead His chosen people out of Pharaoh's control. Moses considered himself a weak person and not much of an effective leader and he felt uncalled to lead. But God gave Moses power through his weakness. I connected to the story of Moses because at times I have felt fearful of doing what God has called me to do and unqualified for the task and afraid I would fail and bring shame to myself and Christ. This book has taught me how to recognize the power found in Christ. I also immensely loved the rest-release program presented in this book and I truly believe this will assist many believers. If you're looking for a book to help you discover the power establish only in Christ, then read this book!
If you would like to purchase a copy of The Power of Weakness, then check it out on Family Christian:


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MyTopo Hunt Area / Game Management Units (GMU) Maps are 1:100,000-scale maps using the Bureau of Land Management Land Status base maps.
These maps include public land ownership boundaries, topography, roads, and key terrain features. The selected
State hunt unit or game management unit boundary is overlaid on the BLM base.
Arizona GMU maps show official Arizona Game and Fish water source locations (tanks, reservoirs, and springs).


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Presented by Tiffany Whitehead, School Librarian, Episcopal School of Baton Rouge, LA
Sponsored by Britannica Digital Learning
Teaching news literacy is more necessary and challenging than ever in a world where news is delivered at a constant pace from a broad range of sources. Since social media and filter bubbles can make it challenging to access unbiased, factual information, we must equip students to be critical as they access news sources for a variety of purposes. This live, interactive edWebinar will give an overview of the phenomenon of fake news going viral and tools educators can use to help students develop news literacy skills.
Tiffany Whitehead, School Librarian at Episcopal School of Baton Rouge in Louisiana, will share:
- A strategy to develop fun, original lessons about media literacy
- Fresh approaches that move students towards better news smarts
- Three CCSS-aligned sample lesson plans for middle and high school classrooms
- Teacher and librarian collaboration opportunities that support powerful student outcomes
Elementary through higher education level teachers, librarians, and school and district leaders will benefit from attending this session. There will be time to get your questions answered after Tiffany's presentation.
About the Presenter
Tiffany Whitehead, aka the Mighty Little Librarian, is an obsessive reader, social media user, and technology geek. She is the director of library at Episcopal School of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Tiffany earned her undergraduate degree in elementary education and School Library Certification from Southeastern Louisiana University, and her graduate degree in educational technology leadership from Northwestern State University. She has served as the president for ISTE's Librarians Network and was recognized as one of ISTE's 2014 Emerging Leaders. Tiffany is National Board Certified in Library Media and was named one of the 2014 Library Journal Movers & Shakers. She was the 2016 recipient of the Louisiana Library Media Specialist Award. She frequently speaks at local, state, and national conferences, sharing her passion for libraries and educational technology.
Webinar notes
Media Literacy,
News Literacy
Fake News
Echo Chamber
Fight The Fake: Fuel discussions with YouTube: https://britannicalearn.com/blog/fight-the-fake-youtube/
Online CRAAP test: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdkWvyWZc7CE5fnYjCZww0IJLYH0sqxPRkmL8eS71uY1JNh1g/viewform?c=0&w=1
Curriculum sources
How to choose your news Damon Brown: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-to-choose-your-news-damon-brown
Common Sense Media: Digital citizenship curriculum.
Newseum ed:
http://www.choices.edu/ Brown U Filtering News and Information
above the news: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K10PNjqgGLKA3lo5V8KdQ
I'm now avoiding the term bias (too loaded and my kids automatically think "bad"). "Perspective" works better with my kids.
Filter Bubbles, Eli Pariser, TED talk https://www.ted.com/talks/eli_pariser_beware_online_filter
Credible Sources:
Circular Reporting
more on fake news in this IMS blog


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Rise in human infections from Campylobacter and E. coli, whilst Salmonella cases continue to fall: ECDC and EFSA 2011 zoonoses report
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the European Food Safety Authority launched their annual report on zoonoses and food-borne outbreaks.
Joint ECDC/EFSA annual zoonoses report publishedArchived
ECDC and EFSA have just launched the annual report on zoonoses and food-borne outbreaks in the European Union for 2009. The report shows that Salmonella cases in humans fell by 17% in 2009, marking a decrease for the fifth consecutive year
Zoonotic diseases: progress has stalled
There were only minor fluctuations in reported cases of three main zoonotic diseases in the European Union (EU) last year compared with 2016.
Salmonella the most common cause of foodborne outbreaks in the European Union
Nearly one in three foodborne outbreaks in the EU in 2018 were caused by Salmonella. This is one of the main findings of the annual report on trends and sources of zoonoses published today by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).


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To All The Squirrels Who Shared My Life is a general achievement released with patch 3.0.8.
It involves finding all of the critters in the game and using the /love emote on them.
There are many critters throughout Azeroth. Here are the locations of only the ones needed for this achievement.
|Arctic Hare
|Borean Tundra, Dragonblight, Zul'Drak
|Borean Marmot
|Borean Tundra
|Fjord Penguin
|South of Daggercap Bay, Howling Fjord
|Fjord Turkey
|Howling Fjord, South of Nifflevar and West of Explorer's League Outpost
|Glacier Penguin
|Northeast Icecrown
|Grizzly Squirrel
|Near Grizzlemaw, Grizzly Hills
|Huge Toad
|Swamp of Sorrows, Zul'Drak, Hillsbrad Foothills
|Lava Crab
|Burning Steppes, Searing Gorge
|Mountain Skunk
|Grizzly Hills
|Scalawag Frog
|Scalawag Point, Howling Fjord
|Sholazar Tickbird
|Sholazar Basin
|Tundra Penguin
|South of the Wailing Ziggurat and Unu'pe, Borean Tundra
Here's a macro to spam when you are in the near vicinity of your target critters. The last line is optional, if you want the critter to stay targeted or not.
/tar Arctic Hare /tar Fjord Penguin /tar Glacier Penguin /tar Huge Toad /tar Mountain Skunk /tar Sholazar Tickbird /tar Hare /tar Borean Marmot /tar Fjord Turkey /tar Grizzly Squirrel /tar Lava Crab /tar Scalawag Frog /tar Tundra Penguin /stopmacro [noexists] /love /cleartarget
This is a combination strategy for the following achievements:
- To All The Squirrels I've Loved Before
- To All The Squirrels Who Shared My Life
- Pest Control
- Kill: Devouring Maggot, Utgarde Catacombs [57, 55], on the bottom pit with all the ghouls
/love: Fjord Turkey, [67, 67]
/love: Fjord Penguin, [66, 83]
/love: Scalawag Frog, [36, 80]
- Kill: Fjord Rat, [34, 78] populated areas
- Kill: Roach, [36, 11]
/love: Mountain Skunk, abundant throughout the zone
/love: Grizzly Squirrel, abundant throughout the zone
/love: Arctic Hare, [74, 70]
- Kill: Zul'Drak Rat, Amphitheater [45, 63]
- Kill: Spider, entrance
- Kill: Maggot, entrance
- Kill: Rat, abundant through the zone
- Kill: Larva, Plague Wing
- Kill: Gold Beetle: Halls of Lightning just behind entrance
/love: Glacier Penguin, [69, 20]
/love: Sholazar Tickbird, [27, 60], near the Nesingwary Base Camp
/love: Borean Marmot, abundant throughout the zone
/love: Tundra Penguin, [38, 9]
- Kill: Crystal Spider, Nexus around [83+] Keristrasza
/love: Borean Frog [70, 29]
/love: Steam Frog [68, 41]
- Kill: Underbelly Rat - Dalaran, The Underbelly
- Now take the portal to Shattrath
- Kill: Adder, [17, 48]
- Kill: Scorpion, [18, 47]
- Now go back to Shattrath
- Horde take the portal to Orgrimmar, Alliance take the portal to Stormwind
- From Orgrimmar, take the portal to the Blasted Lands and run to Swamp of Sorrows
- From Stormwind, take the portal to the Blasted Lands and run to Swamp of Sorrows
- Kill: Moccasin, [48, 45]
/love: Huge Toad, [45, 46]
- Run back to your faction's flight master and fly to Thorium Point in Searing Gorge
- Kill: Fire Beetle, [44, 40]
/love: Lava Crab, [43, 35]
- Alliance Fly to Sentinel Hill in Westfall, should fly to Grom'Gol then run on foot to Westfall
- These three are scattered through the zone, with the mouse being the most rare
- Kill: Mouse, throughout zone
/love: Prairie Dog, throughout zone
- Kill: Snake, throughout zone
/love: Sheep, [24, 82]
/love: Fawn, [24, 83]
/love: Deer, [24, 82]
/love: Cow, [26, 75]
/love: Rabbit, [26, 77]
/love: Cat, [44, 52]
- Alliance should head to Wetlands, Horde may want to travel to Wetlands last, so they can come from Undercity
/love: Toad, [49, 58]
/love: Ram, [49, 69]
- Travel to Barrens first if Alliance, or Durotar first if Horde
/love: Hare, throughout zone
See also
External links
A Random Wow Thought To All The Squirrels Who Shared My Life - Horde Guide with Maps and Pictures
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


text:
A new school in Uganda : Seventy days
from conception to inauguration.
A Ray of
Hope, UNESCO Youth Ambassador for the Culture of Peace, is always delighted,
and very grateful, to receive the support from David Tyler Trust, Ulster
Teachers' Union and Classic Kitchens.
It was 70
days ago, 14th December, 2015, or thereabouts, that Daniel and I got
wrapped up in a period of madness. ( Daniel is our project director in Uganda )
Encouraged by each other, an emotional mutual symbiosis or, "the blind leading
the blind", we decided to involve ourselves in the most adventurous of
initiatives. We kept it secret, maybe because of the fear of failure. Our
primary school would soon ( in maybe 3 years !), demand an "add on" for our
students at secondary level, and also a community was discovered that needed the
educational institution : we therefore decided to venture upon a new path.
The first
premises perused, although suitable, did not have all of the attributes needed
– that site was soon replaced in our focus, by a more appropriate location. The
new site had 6 classroom size rooms, plus a storage area and office space.
The journey
had started.
As the weeks
progressed, with positive steps every day, we aimed for the possible opening date as 22nd February.
The buildings
were scrubbed – and then painted. The
demands by young adults for self improvement determined the nature of the
resource and name. "Hermitage Community Secondary School and Vocational
A management
committee was formed, with representatives from various stake holding groups,
teachers advertised for, interviewed, and tested. Potential students were spoken
to, and a strategy was determined for enrolment.
was needed, also text books stationary and other educational expendables.
As it is
important for every child to have a mid day meal, so equally essential for our
students. It seemed natural, aware that a kitchen was needed, that our friends in Classic Kitchens, Aghalee
would assist, and on the day of the school opening the kitchen was completed.
So 70 days
from conception, the school doors were unlatched for the first 13 students
quickly followed by 17 more and 5
vocational students. Day 3. 24th February – an enrolment of 35
pupils including vocational.
Plans for
the future include hairdressing and fashion design, and of course a school
badge and uniforms. Only a dream away, and with support like that of, David
Tyler Trust, Classic Kitchens and Ulster
Teachers' Union the reality is around the corner.
Much yet to
be thought of, and discussed, but it is more than a start !!!!


text:
Long Term Care Insurance
With Baby Boomers reaching retirement and Americans living longer than ever, Long Term Care Insurance (LTC) policies should be on the minds of many people, in particular those close to retiring and those who will need to take care of loved ones over a long period of time. Long Term Health Care Insurance protects you, as well as those you love, in the event that extended health care is needed in your lifetime.
Long Term Care Insurance Helps to Cover:
- Daily activities such as bathing, eating, dressing
- Skilled nursing care or rehabilitation training either in a nursing facility or at home
- Cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer's and deals with care-oriented conditions, not cure oriented
Who Pays For Long Term Care (LTC)?
Many people are under the impression that Medicare, Medicaid or their health insurance will pay their Long Term Care costs.
- Medicare has eligibility requirements for skilled nursing care only and is for a limited time period.
- Medicaid is a welfare program. It will NOT cover long term health care costs for the average American.
- Health insurance and medical supplements DO NOT cover nursing home care.
- Individuals and families through their savings, assets, and cash pay most of the Long Term Care costs.
Long Term Care Insurance Quotes Wiz was designed to make the Long Term Health Care Insurance process as simple and easy as possible. All you have to do is fill out one form, then allow us to find the appropriate long term care insurance company that best meets your needs. You will receive a FREE, NO OBLIGATION long term care insurance quote and can decide at that time whether or not to take the offer.
Local long term care experts will contact you directly to discuss your options and the best pricing for their policies. No more moving from company to company in search of the best insurance product that fits your long term care needs.
Long Term Care Insurance Quotes Wiz provides a place to shop 1000's of Long Term Care Insurance policies in the privacy of your own home without worry or hassles.


text:
Experimental Drug May Help Ease Chronic Constipation
Manufacturer-funded research shows that about one in five people taking linaclotide experienced significant relief.
Wednesday, August 10, 2011 (HealthDay News) — An experimental drug called linaclotide can help reduce the symptoms of chronic constipation, according to new research funded by the drug maker.
In two randomized 12-week trials, about 21 percent of participants taking the drug had at least three spontaneous bowel movements a week, compared to no more than 6 percent of those taking placebo, the study results showed.
"People who received the drug had improvement in symptoms, and the treatment was generally well-tolerated," said the study's lead author, Dr. Anthony J. Lembo, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and director of the GI Motility Center at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston.
The study, which was funded by Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, was published in the Aug. 11 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
Between 12 percent and 19 percent of Americans have experienced chronic constipation, according to background information in the article. People with chronic constipation generally have fewer than three bowel movements a week, and the bowel movements they have may be hard, lumpy and difficult to pass. To be classified as chronic, these difficulties generally have to occur for at least three months, although Lembo said that most of the people enrolled in the trials had experienced chronic constipation for years.
A total of 1,276 people with chronic constipation were enrolled. The study volunteers came from 204 clinical centers in the United States and eight in Canada.
Each trial had approximately 600 people who were randomly placed into one of three groups: placebo, 145 micrograms of linaclotide daily, or 290 micrograms of linaclotide daily. Both trials lasted 12 weeks, but the second one had an additional four-week randomized drug withdrawal period as well.
The goal of the study was three or more spontaneous bowel movements a week.
For the 145 microgram dose, the researchers found that 21.2 percent in the first trial and 16 percent of people in the second achieved the goal. For the 290 microgram dose, the results were 19.4 percent and 21.3 percent respectively. Only 3.3 percent and 6 percent of those on the placebo met the study's goal.
In addition to achieving the study goal, the drug helped reduce abdominal discomfort, bloating, and the severity of constipation, according to the researchers.
Between 57 percent and 65 percent of the study's participants said they were "quite or very likely" to continue the treatment at the end of the study.
The most significant side effect experienced was diarrhea, according to Lembo. About 14 percent to 16 percent of people had diarrhea, but Lembo said that only around 4 percent dropped out due to that side effect.
But Lembo said that he wasn't sure that everyone was helped by linaclotide. "Chronic constipation is a pretty heterogeneous disorder with different causes. Some cases are related to pelvic floor issues, where the rectal area doesn't relax properly, and I wouldn't expect this medication to be very effective for that type of disorder," he said.
Linaclotide's main mechanism of action is to stimulate intestinal secretions, which wouldn't have an effect on rectal muscles. Lembo said the researchers tried to exclude people with constipation related to pelvic floor issues, but that these issues haven't always been diagnosed.
"People who suffer from chronic constipation or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation do need more medication choices," said Dr. Roshini Rajapaksa, a gastroenterologist at New York University Langone Medical Center in New York City. "Even though linaclotide was an improvement, only one in five people would have a result. This is probably something we would offer if other options had failed," she added.
Rajapaksa recommended that anyone with constipation should make some lifestyle changes — adding more exercise, water and fiber in their diet. But, she said, don't add fiber to your diet too quickly, because too much fiber too soon can cause gas and bloating, and may even worsen constipation.
If lifestyle changes don't help, she advised talking to your doctor about other treatment options.


text:
Is it OK for a wealthy Christian to own "nice" or "luxury" items, which are "wants" and not "needs"? Or should we only own what is absolutely necessary to live day-to-day and give the rest away in service to God?
Whenever this topic comes up, I remember a comment from a friend (now also a Presbyterian pastor) back in college. He said something to the effect that "Middle-class Christians think about money the way young single Christians think about sex: how much can I get away with?" The United States is an astonishingly wealthy and materialistic culture, and even what many of us would consider rock-bottom necessities would be considered unfathomable luxuries to previous generations. I am old enough to remember regarding cell phones a frivolous indulgence; now I'm considering upgrading my iPhone.
As to your question, my basic answer is "I dunno." I say this because the Bible doesn't give us such a stark choice. The Apostle Paul wrote, "Not that I am speaking of being in need, for I have learned in whatever situation I am to be content. I know how to be brought low, and I know how to abound. In any and every circumstance, I have learned the secret of facing plenty and hunger, abundance and need. I can do all things through him who strengthens me" (Phil. 4:11–13). As I recall, it was John Calvin who pointed out that Christ equips us both to have plenty and to experience need, and thus that we must be prepared to glorify God in both circumstances. (To clarify: I was reading one of Calvin's books!)
The key, of course, is contentment. As you may know, Presbyterians hold to the Westminster Larger and Shorter Catechisms (available online, with Scripture proofs here) as faithful summaries of Biblical doctrine. Both of these are rich and fruitful guides by which to consider the Biblical doctrine of contentment. WSC 104 teaches us how to pray for the gift of contentment: "In the fourth petition [of the Lord's Prayer] (which is, 'Give us this day our daily bread') we pray, That of God's free gift we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life, and enjoy his blessing with them."
The Larger Catechism teaches that the Tenth Commandment requires contentment of us:
Question 146: Which is the tenth commandment?
Answer: The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbor's.
Question 147: What are the duties required in the tenth commandment?
Answer: The duties required in the tenth commandment are, such a full contentment with our own condition, and such a charitable frame of the whole soul toward our neighbor, as that all our inward motions and affections touching him, tend unto, and further all that good which is his.
Question 148: What are the sins forbidden in the tenth commandment?
Answer: The sins forbidden in the tenth commandment are, discontentment with our own estate; envying and grieving at the good of our neighbor, together with all inordinate motions and affections to anything that is his.
In my own life, meditating on the Tenth Commandment and praying the Lord's Prayer, with the help of the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, has greatly helped me sort out the question you posed. I recommend the same to you, as I often do to others as well. May you possess the great gift of contentment, grounded as it is in thanksgiving for all we have received through the cross of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.
"Questions and Answers" is a weekly feature of the OPC website. The answers come from individual ministers in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church expressing their own convictions and do not necessarily represent an "official" position of the Church, especially in areas where the Standards of the Church (the Scriptures and the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms) are silent.
The questions come from individuals like yourself. If you have questions about biblical and theological matters, you are invited to send them by e-mail by using the "Pose a Question" link on the OPC home page or by clicking here.
At least one new question is posted each week, so there should always be something new here for you to read. (For those people who would like to look at previous questions and answers, they will continue to be available as well.)
The purpose of the OPC website's "Questions and Answers" is to respond to biblical and theological questions. Matters of church discipline, disputes, or debates go beyond the scope of our work. We recommend that you present your concerns in these areas to the appropriate judicatory. In most cases this will be to a local pastor, elder, or session. We do not want the website to replace personal involvement in, or commitment to, the local, visible church.
While we will respond to every serious questioner, we are not bound to give a substantive answer to every question, should we deem the question to be beyond the scope of our purpose or our own ability to answer.
You will receive an answer by e-mail. Please be patient as many of our respondents are busy pastors. The response to your question may take up to two (2) weeks. Some of the questions submitted will be chosen to be posted here, along with the corresponding answers.
Note that the "Questions and Answers" posted on the site have been editedall personal references are removed, Scripture references or from some source may be added, and sometimes portions are expandedto make the questions and answers more useful to a larger audience.
|© 2020 The Orthodox Presbyterian Church
Chaplains and Military Personnel


text:
September 27, 2013
Warwick, NY
Edward J. Brown Sr., a lifelong resident of Warwick, NY, passed away September 27, 2013. He was 82. Ed was a self-employed dairy farmer and former Commissioner of Consumer Affairs for Orange County.
Ed was the husband of the late Clara Youngman Brown to whom he was married to for 46 years, and the son of the late Vincent M. Brown Sr. and Mary Weslowski Brown.
Ed, an ambitious and hardworking man, loved having his family and friends around and was always quick to lend a hand to anyone; whether it was for his family, friends, church, other civic organizations or strategically developing political platforms and campaigning for the Republican Party. He was an avid outdoorsman, a member of various local hunting and fishing clubs in younger years; and in later years, enjoyed riding his John Deere Gator around his farm to appreciate its beauty and wildlife. One of Grandpa Ed's favorite pastimes was taking his grandkids on ATV and tractor rides around the farm.
Over his lifetime, Ed was involved with the Middletown Elks, Warwick Knights of Columbus, Florida Lions Club, Florida School Board of Education, St. Edwards Church, and the Florida Fire Dept. He was a longtime chairman and current member of the Warwick Republican Committee.
He is survived by four children: Edward J. Brown Jr. and wife, Elyse of Southport, NC, Stephen M. Brown and wife, Debby of Goshen, NY, Thomas J. Brown and wife, Amy of Queensbury, NY, and Karen J. Glade and husband, Andrew of Montville, NJ; ten grandchildren: Jessica Brown of Boston, MA, Erik Brown of Arlington, VA, Stephen M. Brown Jr. of the U.S. Air Force, Christopher Brown of Lowell, MA, Emily Lucy and Nicholas Frandino of Queensbury, NY; Chloe and Ashley Cosenza, Alex Glade of Montville, NJ, and Lindsay Tucker of Charleston, SC. He is also survived by his brother, Vincent Brown Jr. and wife, Eleanor, of Warwick, NY; several nieces and nephews, and by his loving companion of five years, Gloria Pason, of New Hampton, NY.
He was predeceased by sisters, Mary Sicina and Dorothy Cocarro.
The family would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the staff at Orange Regional Medical Center for their wonderful care and compassion.
Visitation will be held from 2 to 4 and 6 to 9 p.m. on Sunday, September 29th at the T.S. Purta Funeral Home, 22 Glenmere Avenue, Florida, NY 10921. Funeral Mass will be celebrated at 10 a.m., Monday, September 30th at St. Joseph Church, 20 Glenmere Avenue, Florida, NY 10921. Burial will be in the Warwick Cemetery, Warwick, NY.
In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions may be made to the American Cancer Society, Memorial Processing Center, P.O. Box 7, East Syracuse, NY 13057 or the Florida Fire & Rescue Squad, P.O. Box 600, Florida, NY 10921.
Funeral arrangements are under the direction of the T.S. Purta Funeral Home; to send a condolence online or for directions, please go to www.purtafuneralhome.com.


text:
Discover for free which first names would suit you or your baby !
Meaning of name Leena
Etymology : Finnish and Estonian short form of HELENA or MATLEENA
Saint :
Origin : Finnish
Rate this first name :
Gender : girl
Country :
Numbers :
Meaning of those numbers?
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Who is she?
Leena is a particularly secretive and reserved woman who is surrounded by an air of mystery. An introverted individual, she is inclined to much soul searching and is sometimes bothered by worry and anxiety. Very often, she is fascinated by philosophy, spirituality and metaphysics. It is certainly true that more than anything else; Leena has a gift for analysis and possesses a critical mind which means that she is likely to take an interest in the natural sciences. On the other hand, if she doesn´t make use of these faculties through intellectual activity, her acutely sensitive nature could make her prone to depression. She is highly selective about the people that she gets close to and chooses her friends according to the amount of spiritual or cultural affinity that she feels. She is anything but superficial and friendship is sacred, in her eyes. However, she tends to be a more or less solitary character who is rather unusual and sometimes turns this to her advantage. She is extremely intuitive and often experiences gut-feelings or premonitions which could confer her abilities as a medium. She seeks to acquire wisdom, however she is terribly shy and emotional - leaving her somewhat unarmed in the face of reality, which can be challenging at times. She avoids confrontation like the plague and tends to become withdrawn at the slightest emotional shock. This is undoubtedly why she is attracted to groups and movements that share her values and aspirations. As a child, Leena is emotionally fragile and often lacks vitality. Domestic harmony is necessary to her very equilibrium so a parental disagreement could have disastrous consequences on her happiness. With an active imagination that can sometimes lead to anxiety or inhibition, Leena is inclined to ask a lot of questions, to which answers must be provided. She is naturally studious and quite disciplined so she could go far in her education, as long as no emotional problems or health issues crop up along the way.
What does she like?
She appreciates privacy and enjoys tranquillity while she is fascinated by psychology, religion, esotericism or any other subject that is out of the ordinary or satisfies her craving for magic and mystery... unless of course she finds herself on more sinuous roads... Romantically speaking, she entertains so many fantasies and imaginings that she often has difficulty making her dreams come true in the material realm. Her marginality could just be a fact that she will have to learn to live with... Leena is liable to experience solitude - even if it means being "alone together"; unless she chooses a partner with whom she has plenty of common ground, which would be the ideal situation.
Get your free Personality test card now !!
What does she do?
Her objectives are less than easy to achieve and her orientation won´t be terribly conformist. She is therefore likely to be drawn to a career in connection with avant-garde technology or a specialization (such as robotics, if she chooses a scientific profession); occupations in relation to psychology, parapsychology, medicine as well as those involving night work or unusual hours..., and lastly those where the art of diagnosis is essential, whatever her chosen professional field.
Discover others girls first names : Léa Leah Léan
*To note: :
It sometimes happens that two different first names have the same meaning. This has nothing surprising: both first names have the same figures of numerology. It is as in astrology: two persons belonging to the same sign present the same characteristic...
Names compatibility
Test the compatibility of your names to know if your love relation is lucky to succeed. Friendship, love or passion?
Discover fast what waits for you...
Verify now if your names are compatible!
The last comments about "Leena "
|most of the things match e
|Most of this didn't match with me.
|Except for the introvert part, which a lot of my horoscope readings also talk about, this is so insanely accurate my mouth was hanging open the entire time I read this. Truly amazing.
|OMG this is so me!!! :D
Post your comment
Your Name Horoscope !
Thanks to the numerology, we propose you daily a horoscope personalized for your first name. Love, money , Shape: discover what waits for you for today. In Bonus every day find your daily lucky figure .. Horoscope of the first names
Love :Couples: The complicity between the two of you will be reinforced. Singles: An admirer will make themselves known.
Money :You are trying to decide whether or not to make a property investment. Take your time.
Health:You won't see any results without some effort Leena .
Your Lucky number : 80


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Exploring Online Ensemble Rehearsal and Performance Infrastructure in the Age of Social Distancing
Inspired by the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic and its profound impact on the existing instruction practices within the music program, this project will empirically explore and identify the best practices for the virtual ensemble rehearsal and performance to enable the teaching of music ensembles virtually in the fall 2020.
Connecting Virginia Learning Communities - New eXtended Reality based Library Tools
When the challenges due to the COVID-19 restrictions are removed, group activities in schools and workplaces will resume but will also have to adapt to the new reality where COVID-19 and similar pandemics can occur. We are proposing timely solutions that would support group activities while enhancing University connections to learning communities throughout the Commonwealth.
Virtual Sculpture Garden
We intend to create a virtual environment that serves as an explorable, location independent, 3D sculpture garden for born-digital 3D artworks. This virtual environment will be hosted by the University Libraries and powered by Unity, and will be viewable through both a traditional desktop browser as well as fully-immersive virtual reality headsets.
Amplifying the arts
Art and technology continually define and redefine our world. Art provides a powerful lens for viewing the world and opens up the possibilities to traverse domains, often in the most unexpected ways. Here we see how the collision of art, technology, and experimentation drive innovation in all directions. This work demonstrates how technology can advance artistic practice and how art and design can elevate and improve scientific discovery and output.
Bridging physical distance
Connecting people separated by distance. With the propagation of the COVID-19 pandemic, what was once a matter of convenience is now a requirement. This increase in urgency has amplified the creativity of researchers, artists, and educators who are pioneering new and improved ways to connect and collaborate. This work goes far beyond videoconferencing software and includes the use of augmented and virtual reality technologies to bring people from around the world together in shared immersive digital spaces to connect, share, learn, and experience.
Page 1 of 5 | 14 Results
Creating the future of work
Advances in technology are changing the ways we work. From the aesthetics, functionality, and even physical locations of our workplaces to the ways we collaborate with our co-workers and communicate with our clients, these projects focus on efficiency, productivity, and value. Teams of engineers, architects, computer scientists, and artists take a human-centered design approach to the work experience, using the latest virtual reality technology coupled with good old-fashioned sketching to craft dynamic space configurations, enhanced workflows, and effective data strategies.
Designing a More Sustainable World
Creativity that spurs change. This work supports our ecological and cultural resilience. Thoughtful environmental design means a better world for us all—buildings that complement and support its environments, people connected with their ecosystems in meaningful ways, and critical resources harvested and delivered to those in need. A critical part of this work is amplifying voices for change, including projects that illuminate the history of our communities and show the impact of changing ecological forces.
Article Item
Page 1 of 7 | 19 Results
Empowering Data
Pioneering new possibilities with data. As our data-filled world continues to expand it becomes increasingly difficult to manage and make sense of the overwhelming amounts of information. New data analysis approaches are needed to uncover the hidden patterns and trends that lead to scientific advances. This work explores and presents data in some unexpected and surprising ways, introducing new perspectives that can pave the way for lifechanging discoveries.
Page 1 of 6 | 18 Results
Engaging Community
Science should be available to everyone. Research shouldn't be hidden in labs and buried on computer hard drives. We regularly share our work with the community through interactive public events that showcase the collaborative work of scientists, engineers, artists, and designers, and inspire future generations of creative problem solvers. Here, learners of all ages and from a wide range of backgrounds have genuine conversations with researchers and learn about science. Interactive technology brings data to life and tells the stories of researchers and their work, while sculptures and other works of art show data and computational processes in unexpected, captivating, and often very accessible ways.
Article Item
Page 3 of 3 | 8 Results
Making Big Discoveries with Immersive Technologies
Immersive technologies are changing the research landscape. These projects use visual design, 3D modeling, animation, programming, motion capture integration, and true 360-degree sound to open up entire new worlds of exploration and discovery. We can now be transported to any place in the universe, physically explore massive sets of data, visualize and interact with spatial structures of molecules, and walk through a building before it has been constructed.
Page 1 of 6 | 17 Results
Reimagining Education
A new blueprint for the future of learning. We're creating educational environments that prepare students to confidently enter a world requiring creativity, adaptability, and collaboration. This work is changing where students learn, what students learn, and how students learn. Researchers from across disciplines are designing better spaces for learning, giving students access to quality STEM programming to prepare them for high-demand jobs of the future, and are connecting physical classrooms across distances while optimizing the learning experience.
Article Item
Page 1 of 22 | 128 Results


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Complete Story
Cable Viewing Up In First 18 Weeks Of Season
By: Claire Atkinson, Broadcasting & Cable
The first 18 weeks of the season has been kind to the cablers and rough on the broadcast networks, according to new ratings analysis released today by the CableTelevision Advertising Bureau today.
According to the organization, cable ratings in primetime on the key advertiser demo of 18-49 grew by 5.1%, while broadcast shrank by 8.3% on Nielsen Media Research live-plus-same day numbers. In the 25-54 category, the change over last year is even bigger with ad supported cable growing 6.9% and broadcast shrinking 6.5%. The research now being shopped to ad agencies, suggests the most substantial shifts are occurring on what the CAB termed "retail-critical," nights of Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
One explanation for the change could be the historic presidential election which kept viewers glued to cable news channels all year.
Sean Cunningham, president and CEO of the CAB said, "I think that was certainly part of it. If you factored out news, you'd still see an enormous change."
Another potential factor for the poor showing was that the networks had a poor fall and are launching more of their better performing shows in January. Commercial ratings known as C3, are the currency of the business, though many people look at live plus same day data to analyze historical trends. Cunningham said cable did well on which ever set of data was used, even live plus seven (where shows played back over the course of seven days are taken into account).
The trend towards cable appears to have cemented as a result of the writers' strike and it seems likely that the data will be grist for the media buyers' mill as upfront strategies begin to bubble.
"I think in a time when there's so much need for results for store traffic and lifts in brand attributes the viewer flight is something that has to be examined." Cunningham said cable was the only "growth engine in television."
He suggests that the writers' strike sent viewers sampling a lot of different types of programming on cable and resulted in increased viewership which has translated into increased loyalty."
CAB measured ad-supported cable performance against seven broadcast networks: ABC, CBS, Fox, ION, MyNetworkTV and NBC. The organization looked at 80 ad supported cable nets.
Source: http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/173519-Cable_Viewing_Up_In_First_18_Weeks_Of_Season.php?rssid=20065


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Infant Jesus, Holy Babe
1. Infant Jesus,
Holy Babe,
Born of Virgin Mary;
Born to suffer,
Born to die;
Born our sins to carry;
In a stall at Bethlehem,
There to start your life with men,
And there begin your mortal day,
And on earth to tarry.
2. Holy Jesus,
Son of God,
King of all creation,
Come to earth to 'stablish peace,
Peace in ev'ry nation.
O, dear Savior,
Child of love,
Make this earth like heav'n above;
O teach thy people by thy life
From thee comes salvation.
3. Dear Redeemer,
God of all,
Born in humble manger;
Savior, help us live thy love,
precious little stranger.
But, no stranger,
you, my dear,
Save to those who will not hear,
O help us,
help us,
Holy Babe,
born in humble manger.
Text: Robert Manookin
Music: Robert Manookin
Artist: Manookin
Album: Music Published in the Church Magazines: Ensign
Composition Date: 1973-12-01
More Info: Ensign


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The five winning programs use IT in an innovative way to enhance government operations, provide a more open and transparent government, and deliver impactful citizen services.
Innovation in government IT is imperative, as proven by the proliferation of chief innovation officers -- and the American Council for Technology and Industry Advisory Council's (ACT-IAC) annual Excellence.gov awards program. And on Tuesday, March 5, the council announced the five winners of 2013.
The awards recognize federal, state and local government programs and projects that "fuel government efficiency, interagency collaboration, and the delivery of impactful citizen services through innovative technologies." While typically award recipients go to programs for federal government, more state and local government programs were nominated and named as finalists this year than in years past.
The 2013 winners are as follows:
1. Excellence in Intergovernmental Collaboration and Overall Winner for 2013 | Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA) Website. This website allows financial institutions, creditors, landlords and the like to determine if their client is currently serving on federal active-duty service in one of the Uniformed Services. The SCRA protects service members on active duty from negative actions, such as foreclosures, excessive interest rates and evictions, and this website produces a certificate for the court stating the federal active duty status of the individual.
2. Excellence in Enhancing the Customer Experience | USDA's SuperTracker. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion has built an online diet and activity-tracking tool called SuperTracker that citizens can use for free to determine what and how much to eat; track foods, physical activities and weight; and personalize with goal setting, virtual coaching and journaling, according to a press release.
3. Excellence in Enterprise Efficiencies | IRS' Customer Account Data Engine 2. Initiated in 2009, the IRS' Customer Account Data Engine 2 Program (CADE 2) aimed to take advantage of new technology and modernize how the agency does business. In January 2012, CADE 2's Transition State 1 began to deliver daily versus weekly tax return processing. The IRS also began deployment of the CADE 2 database -- a central source of trusted data -- to improve service to taxpayers and enhance tax administration.
4. Excellence in Innovation: Digital Government | GSA's Drive to the Cloud Phase 2. The U.S. General Services Administration's Office of the CIO implemented a multi-year Drive-to-the-Cloud initiative that aims to save taxpayer money and improve operational efficiencies and innovation through the deployment of mobile and social applications in the cloud, according to the press release. In Phase 1, GSA transitioned to a cloud-based email platform, which has saved the agency $4 million to date. In Phase 2, GSA is implementing a cloud-based collaboration/application platform for 17,000+ users.
5. Excellence in Innovation: Pilots and Start-up Projects | National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) YOURcloud. YOURcloud is a secure, multi-tenant hybrid community cloud powered by the Infrastructure on Demand (IoD) cloud service broker developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. YOURcloud lets sites retain their autonomy while using a common cloud computing platform to enable the Department of Energy and NNSA labs, plants and headquarters to deploy resources into individually managed, secure cloud enclaves.
To decide the winners, a panel of more than 40 judges selected from senior government and industry IT executives reviewed more than 130 nominations – a record number of nominations – which were then narrowed down to 25 finalists, said IAC Chair Liz Renninger. In years past, 90 to 100 nominations are made.
"In each instance, the finalists have inspired us all to seek new, innovative and collaborative ways to approach the most challenging areas of mission and business needs, and to achieve ever greater levels of service and efficiency." Dale Luddeke, the IAC chair, said in a statement.
But how programs are chosen changes from year to year based on how the industry changes and how technology evolves, Renninger said.
Of this year's 25 finalists, military and defense programs reigned strong, Arnold said.
"One of the things we saw in the 25 finalists that were selected by the judges as the top programs – there are about five or six of those (20 percent) are related to military personnel and services to military services," he said. "So they are from the Defense Department and the Veterans [Affairs] and other agencies that are doing things to help soldiers and veterans."
Image courtesy of Shutterstock
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Oct 01, 2020
This is one of many other best specializations I have seen and experienced from coursera. I really recommend it for all the people who want to be journalist.\n\nthank you all\n\nregards\n\nHassanRR
Sep 28, 2020
i had a great time learning different aspects of how to write my capstone ...............
創建者 Charles S•
Nov 28, 2016
Overall this course was great but I wish that the timeline was a little clearer from the get-go. I had to rush at the end because I didn't realize week 2 was for finding sources, week 3 was for contacting them, week 4 was for interviews, etc...
If the MSU staff could have given their feedback on our final projects, that would have been another plus, but I know it's difficult with so many students.
創建者 Elisa B•
Oct 20, 2019
This was the final part of a great specialisation, which has given me the confidence to actually see myself as a Journalist and do the work involved. Many thanks to all the Course Team, who made learning easy and enjoyable, and to all the fellow learners who helped me along the way. Everything about this specialisation was useful and fun to learn. Best wishes from Elisa. I will miss you all but am now equipped to do some really worthwhile work.
創建者 Ibtihal A B A Y A•
Nov 01, 2018
A highly informative, applicable& easy to follow course by absolutely knowledgeable professors. The thorough, well-organized& engaging course content reflects the the professionalism & the extensive knowledge of the professors in this field. Really looking forward to enrolling in other courses by the same professors & Michigan State University . Thank you so much for giving me the opportunity to learn from you.
創建者 Shane M R•
Nov 29, 2016
Excellent opportunity to show off the skill sets learned . As a returning journalist, I knocked off the rust and picked up a few new skills. Deadlines, which you live on in the industry help you get acquainted with performing work on a tight schedule. This class along with the other offered MSU Journalism Specialization courses will give you what you'll need to get a foot in the door.
創建者 Hassan R R•
Oct 01, 2020
This is one of many other best specializations I have seen and experienced from coursera. I really recommend it for all the people who want to be journalist.
thank you all
創建者 Daniel Z•
Nov 16, 2017
Great course! Not too hard, not too easy. The guided writing of a news report is very well done, and provides good support.
創建者 Paul H D•
Nov 29, 2016
an excellent course in order to start a career as a professional Journalist. Thank you all
創建者 Rose•
Sep 28, 2020
i had a great time learning different aspects of how to write my capstone ...............
創建者 Antonio V•
Jul 24, 2020
I enjoyed all sessions. The faculty is fantastic and I got a lot in just 5 weeks.
Sep 01, 2020
Good course, it taught me a lot and I'm proud of my achievement
創建者 Alexandre P d P B•
May 05, 2020
Great course, love it and learned from great professionals!
創建者 Luciano M•
Mar 02, 2020
Excellen tcourse with wonderful instructors ;-)
創建者 Abusaeed M A•
Sep 22, 2016
A great course to learn Journalism
創建者 Robert B S M•
May 15, 2019
Great program...thanks.
創建者 Ruben G•
May 06, 2018
This is it!
創建者 Alaa A•
Jun 17, 2019
Thank you
創建者 Monika P•
Sep 19, 2016
Thank you for sharing us the guidance for creating the Capstone Project, the final Course under Specialization - Journalism, Report the News!
Enjoyed it very much, also the time spent to review my peers objectively as much as I enjoyed reading their reviews.
Is there going to be other related writing studies from MSU through Coursera?
Best Regards,
Monika Pandiangan (Monik)
創建者 Sanah•
Jul 15, 2020
I learned a lot of new things. This was a very informative course and I liked it a lot.
創建者 Pierre V•
Aug 09, 2019
Very good


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Message from the Executive Director
A quality education can change a life. It can break the cruel cycle of poverty and end generations of dependence on government. It opens the door to opportunity and provides the skills for success after school. An engaging and challenging education is the proven path to prosperity and a life-long love of learning.
Florida has made great strides to improve the quality of education. A decade ago, the Sunshine State ranked at the bottom nationally. Nearly one-third of third graders couldn't read on grade level and close to half of fourth graders were functionally illiterate. Too many students were dropping out of school, while those who stayed weren't gaining the knowledge to succeed after graduation.
So much has changed since then. Today, Florida's elementary and middle school students are reading above the national average. Math proficiency is on the rise. More students are taking and passing rigorous courses that prepare them for college. The graduation rate has jumped by double digits and fewer students are dropping out.
Our success was built on a foundation of core principles. Starting with the A+ Plan in 1999 and continuing today, our reforms combine high expectations, standardized measurement, a clear and achievable system of accountability, rewards and consequences for performance, effective teaching in the classroom and more choices to customize education to each student.
The path to rising student achievement was not easy or painless. In the first year schools were graded on the simple A-F letter scale, Florida had more Ds and Fs than As and Bs. When Florida ended social promotion for third graders who couldn't read, the retention rate skyrocketed. Every time we raised the bar, scores and grades dropped – for a time – but then slowly climbed back to the higher levels of achievement.
Thanks to the courageous leadership of the Florida Legislature, the state didn't abandon reform when times got tough. Instead, lawmakers focused on the long-term benefits of providing a quality education to every student in our state. As a result, Florida did what few other states have accomplished – reversed a generation of decline in public schools.
The results of our reform prove what we have said for more than a decade – all students can achieve when schools are organized around the singular goal of learning.
While Florida is now a model for the nation, our job is far from done. We must continue to reform education to keep the promise of a quality education for all Sunshine State students. Join us today.


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4 – 6 Large Portobella Mushrooms – gills removed
1 jar marinara
1 bunch fresh basil
1 log goat cheese
Pine nuts (pinion) to garnish
Cooking Instructions:
Pre heat oven to 350 degrees.
Pour some marinara in the bottom of a pan to coat it. Place mushrooms gill
side up. Chop approximately 3 basil leaves per mushroom cap into strips and
place on top of mushroom. Fill mushroom cap with marinara and 1-2 slices of
goat cheese. Sprinkle pine nuts on top.
Bake covered until cheese melts and mushrooms are tender.
Other Tips/Notes: –
submitted by:
Laura Weinman


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You are here
National Physical Activity Plan
The National Physical Activity Plan
About the Plan
The U.S. National Physical Activity Plan is based on a vision: One day, all Americans will be physically active, and they will live, work and play in environments that encourage and support regular physical activity.
The Plan is a comprehensive set of policies, programs, and initiatives designed to increase physical activity in all segments of the U.S. population. The Plan aims to foster a national culture that supports physically active lifestyles. Its ultimate purpose is to improve health, prevent disease and disability, and enhance quality of life.
The Plan was developed by a coalition of organizations that came together to form the National Physical Activity Plan Alliance. The Alliance is a non-profit organization committed to developing the Plan and taking actions that will enhance its effect on physical activity in the U.S. population.
The 2016 Plan builds on the first U.S. National Physical Activity Plan, which was released in 2010. Like the original Plan, the 2016 Plan was developed through a process that engaged hundreds of professionals, researchers, and leaders from public and private organizations. These individuals contributed to the work of nine Expert Panels, each of which focused on one societal sector. These nine sectors – Business and Industry; Community Recreation, Fitness and Parks; Education; Faith-Based Settings; Healthcare; Mass Media; Public Health; Sport; and Transportation, Land Use and Community Design – provide the organizational framework for the Plan. Each Expert Panel reviewed the 2010 Plan and recommended enhancements, refinements, and additions to the Strategies and Tactics that comprise the core content for its sector.
The Expert Panels' work was informed by public comment, which was solicited at the beginning of the revision process, during a National Summit in 2015, and after a draft of the revised plan was released in early 2016. A Revision Executive Committee oversaw the process of producing the current Plan. Ultimately, the Plan is the responsibility of the Board of Directors of the National Physical Activity Plan Alliance, which approved this revised Plan prior to its release in April, 2016.
The Plan is comprised of Overarching Priorities and Strategies and Tactics for each of the nine societal sectors.
Overarching Priorities – A set of initiatives that the National Physical Activity Plan Alliance views as critical to moving the physical activity and public health field forward and accomplishing the overall goal of increasing physical activity in the U.S. population. These priorities are relevant to all components of the Plan.
Strategies and Tactics for the Societal Sectors – Specific evidence-informed approaches designed to promote physical activity through actions taken in each of nine societal sectors. Strategies are broad approaches, to be achieved through implementation of specific tactics. The National Physical Activity Plan is comprised of recommendations that are organized in nine societal sectors:
- Business and Industry
- Community, Recreation, Fitness, and Parks
- Education
- Faith-Based Settings
- Healthcare
- Mass Media
- Public Health
- Sport
- Transportation, Land Use, and Community Design
Each sector presents strategies aimed at promoting physical activity. Each strategy also outlines specific tactics that communities, organizations and agencies, and individuals can use to address the strategy. Recognizing that some strategies encompass multiple sectors, the Plan also has several overarching priorities.
In developing the content of the Plan, the Expert Panels and Revision Executive Committee applied the following guiding principles:
The Plan is grounded in a socio-ecological model of health behavior. This model holds that physical activity behavior is influenced by a broad constellation of factors operating at the personal, family, institutional, community and policy levels. Sustainable behavior change is most likely when influences at all the levels are aligned to support change.
The Plan consists of initiatives that are supported by evidence of effectiveness. Levels of evidence range from findings of controlled research studies to best practice models.
The Plan includes recommendations for actions at the national, state, local and institutional levels, but fundamentally it is a roadmap for change at the community level that facilitates personal behavior change.
Although reduction of time spent in sedentary behavior is recognized as a worthy goal, the Plan focuses on strategies for increasing the types and amounts of physical activity recommended by current public health guidelines.
The National Physical Activity Plan is intended to be a "living document" that is updated on a regular basis. Each edition of the Plan will be informed by new knowledge, some of which will be the product of evolving professional practice. But a growing body of knowledge, fed by an expanding physical activity–public health research enterprise, will be needed too. Accordingly, the National Physical Activity Plan Alliance calls on public, non-profit and private research funding agencies to make greater investments in research that will generate the knowledge needed to increase physical activity in communities across the U.S.
In order to increase physical activity in all segments of the U.S. population, the Alliance recognizes that the Plan must address the substantial disparities in physical activity that exist across groups based on gender, age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, physical, cognitive or sensory ability, and geography. Further, the Alliance recognizes the remarkable diversity of the American population and has been committed to producing a Plan that will encourage persons of all religious, cultural, ideological, sexual orientation, and gender identity groups to become more physically active. Toward this end, the Alliance formed a Diversity Committee that played a central role in developing the Plan and ensuring that the needs of a diverse population were incorporated. An overriding goal has been to produce a Plan that, as a whole and in its many elements, is inclusive of all segments of the American population.
The goal of the National Physical Activity Plan is to increase physical activity in the U.S. population. For the Plan to succeed, many people and groups will need to play a role in implementing it. Individuals can educate leaders in all sectors and encourage them to adopt elements of the Plan. Organizations can take leadership roles in implementing the Plan's strategies and tactics at the community, state or national level. And government agencies at all levels can take actions that promote physical activity and create environments that support it. No single, central organization is responsible for implementing the Plan or providing the funding that will be needed. Instead, it will be the American people, working as individuals or through their organizations or government entities, who put the Plan's strategies and tactics to work in ways that benefit everyone.
View the National Physical Activity Plan here!
The National Physical Activity Plan is comprised of recommendations that are organized in nine societal sectors:
- Business and Industry
- Community, Recreation, Fitness, and Parks
- Education
- Faith-Based Settings
- Healthcare
- Mass Media
- Public Health
- Sport
- Transportation, Land Use, and Community Design
Each sector presents strategies aimed at promoting physical activity. Each strategy also outlines specific tactics that communities, organizations and agencies, and individuals can use to address the strategy. Recognizing that some strategies encompass multiple sectors, the Plan also has several overarching priorities.
Overarching Priorities
A key objective of the National Physical Activity Plan Alliance is to support implementation of the strategies and tactics that comprise the core content of the Plan. During the Plan's development several initiatives were identified that, if carried out, would facilitate successful implementation of strategies across multiple sectors represented in the Plan. These Overarching Priorities, taken individually and collectively, would markedly strengthen the physical activity-public health community's ability to pursue the goal of increasing physical activity in all segments of American society.
The National Physical Activity Plan Alliance will work independently as well as collaboratively with its organizational partners, other non-profit organizations, for-profit organizations, and government agencies to advocate for and implement the following Overarching Priorities:
Establish at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention an Office of Physical Activity and Health, and allocate to that Office the resources needed to provide effective national leadership.
Establish a robust and comprehensive surveillance system for monitoring: 1) compliance with physical activity guidelines in all segments of the U.S. population, and 2) the status of environments, policies, and programs designed to promote physical activity.
Develop and disseminate a comprehensive physical activity report card that, at regular intervals, evaluates the status of physical activity and physical activity promotion efforts in the United States.
Promote translation of evidence-based strategies for promoting physical activity to policies for adoption at the national, state, community, and institutional levels.
Launch a national physical activity campaign coordinated with state and local resources to guide Americans toward effective behavioral strategies, programs, and places for increasing physical activity.
Support development and implementation of comprehensive physical activity strategic plans at the state, regional, and community levels.
Advocate to local, state, and national policy makers for increased funding to implement the physical activity promotion strategies identified in the National Physical Activity Plan.


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PopUps: Did Madonna Just Shade Lady Gaga on Instagram?
And the feud between Madonna and Lady Gaga enters a new phase.
Lady Gaga has been companioning during awards season for her role in Bradley Copper's "A Star is Born" remake. And fans have had a bit of fun with the "Bad Romance" singer's often repetitive speech:
"There can be 100 people in a room and 99 of them don't believe in you, but all it takes is one and it just changes your whole life," Gaga has said with some variation since October.
Page Six is reporting that on Monday, Madonna took to Instagram with a video of herself being interviewed in the 80s, giving a very similar quote.
"If there are 100 people in a room and 99 say they liked it, I only remember the one person who didn't," she says in the clip shared via the Material Girl's Instagram Stories. (The clip has since expired.)
Laster on, Madonna shared a selfie holding a rose, adding the caption, "Don't F-k with Me Monday," adding a number of boxing glove emojis.
Was this a diss to Gaga? Check out the clips below and decide for yourself!
Also in Entertainment
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This story is part of our special report titled PopUps. Want to read more? Here's the full list.