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We all know what it is to be tired, exhausted or sleepy. As part of the human cycle of life we eat, we work, we sleep, and we awake, refreshed. Don't we? Some of us do but many of us do not. The 24-hour day changes for many of us as night becomes day, sleep brings no relief, and mornings are not refreshing. How could we possibly awake with the same feeling of heaviness we had when we went to bed?
For many of us who live with chronic pain, chronic illness or are experiencing some acute health crisis, fatigue can reach a whole new level. For those going through numerous medical treatments such as treatment for cancer, recovery from surgeries of many kinds; they are surprised and discouraged as they discover their "POP" has disappeared. You know, as in "I'm too pooped to POP?" For those of us who experience this kind of fatigue we are not only too pooped to pop; we're too exhausted to even fizzle.
Fatigue of this magnitude quickly becomes the monkey on your back, the parasite on your tree of life, and the tiny little arbiter that decides what you can and cannot accomplish each day, each hour and sometimes, each minute.
How do you explain to your family and friends how deeply fatigue can go? How do you understand it for yourself? Where did your "get up and go" go? The other question would be how do you know you have this type of fatigue? Depending on each of our individual experiences, it may go away after you complete a particular treatment; you may have to get used to it but it's certain you will strive to find ways to overcome it. You decide you aren't going to take this lying down and you'll do something about it but first, you have to lie down.
You know you have debilitating fatigue when:
- You choose to wear yesterday's clothes because they passed the sniff test and you can't possibly add another item to your laundry. If you did that you'd have to carry it, wash it, dry it, and put it away. It's all too much.
- Your arms feel disconnected and heavy as if they belong to someone other than yourself and your legs, you're quite certain, have been glued to the floor.
- You once loved to read but now the hardback books have become too heavy and paperback books have to be held open. It's all too much to bear. You find yourself lying in front of the TV, mindlessly changing channels.
- When you try to read for an extended period of time, your eyelids develop a confounding weight and close when you least expect it. They close like broken garage doors as they slam shut despite your best efforts to hold them open.
- When you awaken each morning you do a double take when looking at your clock. It couldn't possibly be that late, could it? You lie there and put yourself through a period of orientation. What day is it? What was I going to do today? Am I supposed to be anywhere right now? Can I go one more day without taking a bath?
- As the day progresses you feel like you're slogging through deep sand.
- If you're at work you sit at your desk staring into space, miss meetings, and discover you don't care.
- When dinner arrives and you finally manage to cook it, or even order it at a restaurant you stare at your entrée. You realize you don't feel like cutting up your steak, chop or anything else that requires a knife. Then, worse yet, you decide you not only cannot cut it but you wish someone else would chew your food for you. You want your mother to reappear and put butter on your bread. You finally take a bite or two then shove it aside, uncaring, unfulfilled.
- Certain foods like popcorn become too much trouble to get to your mouth and chew. You find all that cheerful crunch too irritating and artichokes, corn on the cob, and salads become far too much trouble due to all that picking and chewing. They are far too much work for so little reward.
- You find yourself picking up that book you can't concentrate on and throwing it at the TV. It's that darn Energizer bunny again. That little fur-bearing creature should be decapitated, de-eared, and have his batteries stripped. At the very least those fuzzy little pink feet should be used to make key chains. That'll put an end to that cheery little walk, my pretty.
- You discover you're too tired to care you have these evil thoughts.
Screw it!
I'd like to recommend that those of you are interested in the subject of fatigue and cancer to take a look at Everyday Health's Living With Cancer Message Board. It's part of their special online conversation they've put on along with Parade Magazine called Cancer in America.
Important: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and not Everyday Health.


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True Sicilian pizza is made with fine semolina flour.I can give you a cross-mix of roman pizza and Sicilian pizza derived by my e-friends Gabriele of Pizzarium in Rome and Vincenzo of his father-in-law bakery in Caltanisetta, Sicily.It involves a very time and effort consuming technique, but the results will be the best you will have in US.1000g Fine Semolina Flour750g Water7g IDY25g Sea Salt50g EVOIn the morning when you wake up, mix the following as to make a poolish:750g Semolina flour750g Water (cold) 2g IDYThen put everything in the fridge for 10-11 hours.After that time, take it out of the fridge and add the remaining 250g Semolina and 5g IDY. mix well and when all the flour has been absorbed, add the salt and oil.The dough at this point will be very sticky, but do not panic. Wait 15 minutes (covering the mixing bowl) and then "break" the dough and mix again. You will notice that the dough will seams like is drying a bit.It may be necessary to repeat this process a couple of times until the dough will become less sticky.Let it rest about an hour, then divide in portions of approximately 500-600g, and let it rest again 40 minutes to an hour in a warm place.Once it has risen, flatten the dough, grease the baking tray, put the flat dough on it, put the topping and bake immediately.Let me know the results...
Sure here ya go1 28oz can 6-1 crushed tomatoes2tbs REAL UNPASTEURIZED unsalted butter1 small yellow onion finely diced2 cloves of garlic pressed (or as many as you like)1 tbs fresh chopped basil2 tbs fresh chopped oregano1 teas fresh thyme 1/4 teas fresh ground pepper1/4 teas salt1/4 to 1/2 cup good Italian dry red winesaute onions in butter till clear (10min)add wine reduce by at least 1/2 volume 1/4 is best DO NOT BOIL!!!add garlic & herbs salt & pepper simmer for 10min.add tomatoes & simmer for 2 to 4 hours (the longer it simmers the sweeter it be)simmer = under 200deg AGAIN DO NOT BOIL if your stove is to hot use your ovenstir every 15min I also add 1/4 cup diced yellow bell peppers cause I like emTo make it more like true Sicilian would be make your own wine from the grapes you grew, As well as the tomatoes, That were watered from your Sicilian water well. OK!1 more thing don't put olive oil in your sauce pour it on your finished pie if you like oil
I'm going to attempt this tomorrow. Novice question: is "semolina" the same as "semolina flour"? I bought some "semolina" at the local supermarket, it looks sort of like a yellow flour, but it's not quite as "dust-like" as normal flour.

subset: commoncrawl


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Date Night: Uneven Spanish Fare at El Mio Cid
Spots for every kind of date.
El Mio Cid takes its name seriously. In a statement on their menu, the owners explain that in gracing their Bushwick tapas restaurant with the moniker of the Spanish hero, "we committed ourselves to keeping his same high standards for our decidedly much more mundane endeavors." While a meal at El Mio Cid might not conquer you, it won't leave you bruised or unsatisfied either.
The menu divides its tapas into "frias" and "calientes." The mid-November winds rampaging up Wilson Avenue made that choice easy, and we opted for three hot dishes to start. First up was cordoniz en salsa de higos ($9.50). The inky black fig sauce did much of the heavy lifting here, as the three tiny quail had been over-roasted into toughness. But we ate what we could and used the crusty bread to scoop up the sauce, laden with chunks of fig.
Better were the setas rellenas ($8.50), mushrooms stuffed with a pillowy mixture of crab, shrimp, and scallops. These became nicer still when rolled in the melted butter. Then again, there's not much melted butter doesn't help. Even without the butter, the seafood stuffing had good tang and bounce.
We also ordered the pollo al ajillo ($8), strips of chicken breast and french fries covered in garlic sauce. Of all the tapas we tried, this one would work best as bar food, as the miscellany of carbs, protein, and grease would soak up the alcohol. Everything had the same brownish hue, so each forkful was a mystery of proportion. This sauce boasted slivers of garlic, and an undercurrent of bitterness cut what could have been too much sweet roasted garlic.
As our lone entrée, we split the spicy chorizo paella ($16.50). Let's begin with the bad news: we missed the socarrat, the crusty layer of rice and spice that forms at the bottom of the paella pan. And now for the good news: this was a heaping plate of happiness, cheerful with saffron, overflowing with tongue-tingling, fat-marbled sausage, along with onions, peppers, and peas.
El Mio Cid sits on the corner of Starr and Wilson, a cheerful yellow facade, bordered with plants, across from dollar stores and a bunker-like middle school. Just as this part of the neighborhood still feels like Old Bushwick, El Mio Cid feels like Old Spain. Drapes are dark and heavy, the food is sizable and un-re-or-de-constructed. Our server sang along to Spanish ballads without a hint of self-consciousness or irony. This tapas restaurant in Bushwick is best for: an escuela vieja date.
El Mio Cid
50 Starr Street, Brooklyn, NY 11221 (map)
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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Alixia was a Talaxian female and Neelix' favorite sister. She and Neelix grew up on Rinax, a moon of Talax. Alixia and Neelix were very close and spent many hours together. They explored the Caves of Touth and the equatorial dust shrouds, and hunted arctic spiders together. During her expedition to the Dunes of Talmouth Alixia made a necklace, which Neelix later treasured. (VOY: "Rise", "Mortal Coil")
Alixia died in the war with the Haakonian Order around 2356. She, along with the rest of her family, were killed on Rinax by the metreon cascade. (VOY: "Jetrel")
When he was struck by an energy blast and killed only to be saved by Seven's nanoprobes, he questioned his belief in the afterlife. Chakotay helped him complete a vision quest, during which he met Alixia. He at first saw her at a party on USS Voyager, then followed her to the Great Forest, the afterlife for Talaxians. Neelix told her that when he died, he looked for her but did not see her. Alixia told him that the afterlife was a lie, a made-up place invented because Talaxians feared death. She told him that there was no point to life, and she dissolved into a corpse in front of him. This vision was probably just an expression of his anxiety over his beliefs. (VOY: "Mortal Coil")
Years after her death, Neelix still composed letters to Alixia, under file index 291 in his personal database. (VOY: "Once Upon a Time") On a mission with Tuvok and foreign scientists attempting to flee a planet barraged by artificial asteroids, Neelix had to take command of an orbital tether carriage. Neelix honored the tradition of naming ships and he named the transport in honor of Alixia. Later, when Neelix had suffered a concussion and was having trouble concentrating to maintain the cohesion of the carriage, Tuvok told him to "Do it for Alixia." (VOY: "Rise")
Background information
Alixia was played by Robin Stapler.
In a deleted scene cut from the final draft of VOY: "Friendship One", Neelix was shown in the middle of describing his day. As he finishes, the script notes stated: "He gets under the covers and picks up a small framed photograph of his sister Alixia (as seen in "Mortal Coil") from a nightstand." He then tells her goodnight and tells her to have pleasant dreams.


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Danielle Reversible 4-Way Silk/Cashmere Cardigan/Dress – Red/Black
$ 375
Ways to Wear
Product Details
Can be worn 4 different ways. Reversible silk/cashmere cardigan/dress in red with grey trim, and reverse to black with brown trim. CF zipper closure. Patch pockets on both sides.
Wear with zipper closed as a dress or with zipper open as cardigan.
Soft stylish reversible cardigan/dress with contrast details.
- Reverses from red to black with brown details
- Can be worn as a cardigan or a dress
- Zipper closure
- Round neck
- 2 patch pockets
Also available in navy/grey and pink/beige.
Length for size small is 35.5″. Model is 5'10″ or 178cm.See navy/grey colorway for more ways to wear.
85% silk and 15% cashmere. Dry clean or hand wash cold. Do not bleach, do not tumble dry. Lay flat to dry. Iron at low setting.
Ships within 2-4 business days. Free ground shipping & return for domestic order within USA.
Become VIP member now to get another 18% off! Click here!


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eBay alternatives: Ecrater
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Posts: 21854
Posted: Sat Mar 01, 2008 4:25 am
Post subject: eBay alternatives: Ecrater
eBay alternatives: Ecrater
19 February 2008
Im not entirely sure that Ecrater really qualifies as a true alternative to eBay. It isnt an auction site. What it is, however, is a really great, cheap way to get yourself an online presence. And best of all, its 100% free.
So, what do you get for your $0.00? Just about all you could ask for. You get a full featured web site with a storefront, all the listings you can list, and integration with Google Checkout. Top that off with free, automatic submission to the shopping search site, Froogle and youve got a pretty good deal. If youd like, they do have a pay feature where you can pay for featured positioning on the onsite search.
read the rest of the story here -
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Posted: Sun Mar 02, 2008 10:45 pm
Post subject: alternative
I would consider ecrater.com a great alternative to the unmentionable site in so far as store listings and buy it now are concerned. The sites do have that in common except ecrater is free for stores and the unmentionable site is not. Sorry.
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Posts: 7
Posted: Sun Apr 27, 2008 12:47 am
Post subject:
why dont we add auctions? jw
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Posts: 1300
Posted: Sun Apr 27, 2008 11:10 am
Post subject:
If e-crater added an auction format, then I am afraid that our fixed price listings would suffer. This is just my opinion, but if you have quality merchandise that is in demand, you do not need to auction it off to the highest bidder, and we certainly do not need the bottom feeders coming here and trying to buy our items for less than they are worth.
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Posts: 4865
Posted: Sun Apr 27, 2008 11:16 am
Post subject:
eCrater would never add auctions. Talk about a resource drain! New "alternative" auction sites start up and bite the dust all the time.
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Posts: 3467
Posted: Sun Apr 27, 2008 1:11 pm
Post subject:
I think the huge number of auction sites that have come and gone, prove that it is no longer the favored way for people to shop. I believe auction buying was a combination fad/hobby for a while. But the fad is over and most people go online to look for specific items nowadays, no longer for the thrill of outbidding someone else. They know what they want and don't want to have to wait to see if they 'win' the auction to get it.
I quit looking at the auction listings long ago..I find what I'm looking for, compare prices and company reputation, and then buy and quit worrying about it.
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Posts: 136
Posted: Sun Apr 27, 2008 10:53 pm
Post subject:
TexasTreasures wrote:
I believe auction buying was a combination fad/hobby for a while. But the fad is over and most people go online to look for specific items nowadays, no longer for the thrill of outbidding someone else.
Don't think there's any doubt about it! Even that-which-shall-not-be-named is changing, with the apparent intention of eventually phasing out the auction.
The auction format used to work well when buyers would fight over an item online. The glut of sellers, merchandise, and fraud on-line has put an end to those days forever!
It's better now to be identified as a reliable, reputable seller allied with an easy-to-use on-line identity. e.g. ecrater!
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Posts: 130
Posted: Tue Jun 03, 2008 6:28 am
Post subject:
I thank my lucky stars that there are not auctions here. I still deal with "The Evil One" on a limited basis. Since they lowered auction insertion fees,(and tacked the cost on the back end of the sale), there are so many auctions that 86% of my auction listings lose $$$.
The only unfortunate thing for me, selling in the Beauty category here, is that a buyer "surfing" that Category at Ecrater, (rather than coming directly to my store), is going to bounce before they ever see my great prices, as there seems to be an absurd number of over-priced cosmetics listings.
I decided to try shopping Ecrater for my own personal makeup items and I could only find one seller offering any bargains.
Just another reminder for me to actively work to bring buyers directly to ME!
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Posts: 222
Posted: Tue Jun 03, 2008 6:33 pm
Post subject:
I agree! I've tried shopping ecrater in general a time or two and for the most part it's just too frustrating. Now I mostly just buy from people who's stores I've bookmarked that have things that I think I may want at some point.
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Posts: 130
Posted: Tue Jun 03, 2008 6:56 pm
Post subject:
Well, there I went, talking out of turn again. I haven't tried shopping Ecrater stores for awhile, because it was disappointing before. I gave it another try and I found one store I really like, and one that had a few awesome deals among alot of overpriced GWP Makeup Items.
As I am committed to giving less money to the "E-Monster"
I guess I'll continue to look around here.
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Posts: 6
Posted: Sat Aug 02, 2008 5:46 pm
Post subject: slightly complicated
and really Needs more user-friendly navigation.
Sorely lacking Links to navigate to and fro and sideways
Needs HTML... without HTML it appears dull, although all sellers have no advantage over another via description/s layout, without HTML.
HTML.. the negative of it are the thousands of feebay sellers who use HUge colored fonts.. so to appear they know whats up, duh.
We are in an 50-50 online world and not the usual misleading statements from 12 Years ago that basically most users are honest, nope.
Feedback system and systems are just 1 of the 10 reasons that public participating online sites are... careful as you go.
ecraters setup that buyers can not recieve feedback is good, it should also eliminate seller feedback.
Feedback is useless, and buyers if dumb.. should read and learn before stepping forward and buying. Site owners should be able to read 'tween the lines of offerings, and just pull them with no warning.
I would estimate that only 2 out of 10 people really know what they need to know about particular collectibles, be it buyer or seller.
There should be no place on public buying-selling sites for Mis-statements, mis-truths, and plain lying about a offering. Ohhhhhh and the Hype is mostly awful in offerings. Greed, duh.
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Posts: 91
Posted: Sun Sep 07, 2008 4:06 pm
Post subject:
I'd love the addition of HTML. Being a graphic designer part time I do like to play around with stuff like that and would like to be able to include some sort of links page too.
As far as feedback being useless though I think it is far from, and should have a slightly easier way to leave it. Comments from past sales greatly help future sales decide a person is in fact a safe risk for their money. Anyone who actually cares about making money should recognize that you want you customers feeling as safe with you as possible, as the formula is simple customer + safe = more likely to give you money.
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In this codelab, you use Workbox to make a simple web app work offline.
If you'd like a conceptual overview of Workbox before starting this tutorial, see the overview.
Step 1: Set up your project
The project that you're going to add Workbox to is hosted on Glitch. First, you need to set up Glitch so that you can edit your own copy of the project.
Open the demo.
Click workbox-webpack at the top-left of the page. The Project info and options dropdown appears.
Click Remix This. Your browser redirects to an editable copy of the project.
Try out the initial app
The client-side JavaScript in the app fetches the top 10 Hacker News (HN) articles, and then populates the HTML with the content.
Click Show. The live app appears in a new tab.
In the tab that's running the live app, press Command+Option+J (Mac) or Control+Shift+J (Windows, Linux) to open DevTools.
Focus DevTools and press Command+Shift+P (Mac) or Control+Shift+P (Windows, Linux) to open the Command Menu.
Offline, select Go offline, then press Enter. Google Chrome now has no connection to the Internet in this tab.
Reload the page. Google Chrome says that you're offline. In other words, the app doesn't work at all when offline.
Open the Command Menu again, type
Online, and select Go online to restore your internet connection in this tab.
Step 2: Install Workbox
Next, you're going to add Workbox to the project to enable an offline experience.
- Re-focus the tab that shows you the source code of the project.
- Click
package.jsonto open that file.
- Click Add package.
workbox-webpack-pluginwithin the Add Package text box, then click on the matching package to add it to the project.
Every time you make a change to your code, Glitch automatically re-builds and re-deploys your app. The tab running the live app automatically refreshes, too.
Step 3: Add Workbox to your Webpack build process
Workbox is installed, but you're not using it in your webpack build process, yet.
- Click
webpack.config.jsto open that file.
Import the Workbox plugin. The bold code is the code that you need to add to your project.
const path = require('path'), htmlPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin'), cleanPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin'), dist = 'dist', workboxPlugin = require('workbox-webpack-plugin');
Call the Workbox plugin as the last step in
plugins: [ new cleanPlugin([dist]), new htmlPlugin({ filename: 'index.html', title: 'Get Started With Workbox For Webpack' }), new workboxPlugin.GenerateSW({ swDest: 'sw.js', clientsClaim: true, skipWaiting: true, }) ]
Optional: How the config works
webpack.config.js determines how the app is built.
dist, which is the path to the output directory.
htmlPluginre-generates the HTML output and places it back in
workboxPlugin.GenerateSWknows about the assets bundled by webpack, and generates service worker code for caching those files. Since Workbox revisions each file based on its contents, Workbox should always be the last plugin you call.
The object that you pass to
workboxPlugin.GenerateSW configures how Workbox runs.
swDestis where Workbox outputs the service worker that it generates. The parent directory for this file will be based on your
output.pathwebpack configuration.
clientsClaiminstructs the latest service worker to take control of all clients as soon as it's activated. See clients.claim.
skipWaitinginstructs the latest service worker to activate as soon as it enters the waiting phase. See Skip the waiting phase.
Step 4: Register and inspect the generated service worker
Workbox has generated a service worker, but there's no reference to it from your app, yet.
- Click
src/app.jsto open that file.
Register your service worker at the bottom of
function init() { ... if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { window.addEventListener('load', () => { navigator.serviceWorker.register('/sw.js').then(registration => { console.log('SW registered: ', registration); }).catch(registrationError => { console.log('SW registration failed: ', registrationError); }); }); } }
Re-focus the tab that's running the live version of your app. In the DevTools Console you see a message indicating that the service worker was registered.
Click the Application tab of DevTools.
Click the Service Workers tab.
Click sw.js, next to Source. DevTools displays the service worker code that Workbox generated. It should look close to this:
Try out the offline-capable app
Your app now sort-of works offline. Try it now:
- In the live version of your app, use DevTools to go offline again.
Focus DevTools and press Command+Shift+P
(Mac) or Control+Shift+P (Windows, Linux)
to open the Command Menu. Type
Offline, select Go offline, then press Enter.
- Reload the page. The title of the page appears, but the list of the top 10 stories doesn't.
Click the Network tab in DevTools. The request for
topstories.jsonis red, meaning that it failed. This is why the list isn't appearing. The app tries to make a request for
https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com/v0/topstories.json, but the request fails since you're offline and you haven't instructed Workbox to cache this resource, yet.
Use the Command Menu in DevTools to go back online.
Optional: How the service worker code works
The service worker code is generated based on your Workbox configuration.
importScripts('https://storage.googleapis.com/workbox-cdn/releases/5.1.2/workbox-sw.js');imports Workbox's service worker library. You can inspect this file from the Sources panel of DevTools.
self.__precacheManifestarray lists all of the resources that Workbox is precaching.
Each resource has a
revisionproperty. This is how Workbox determines when to update a resource. Each time you build your app, Workbox generates a hash based on the contents of the resource. If the contents change, then the
revisionhash changes.
When the service worker runs, it writes the
revisionof each resource to IndexedDB (IDB) if it doesn't exist. If the resource does exist, the service worker checks that the
revisionin its code matches the
revisionin IDB. If the hashes don't match, then the resource has changed, and therefore the service worker needs to download the updated resource and update the hash in IDB.
In sum, Workbox only re-downloads resources when they change, and ensures that your app always caches the most up-to-date version of each resource.
Step 5: Add runtime caching
Runtime caching lets you store content that's not under your control when your app requests it at runtime. For example, by runtime caching the Hacker News content which this app relies on, you'll be able to provide an improved offline experience for your users. When users visit the app while offline, they'll be able to see the content from the last time that they had an internet connection.
- Re-focus the tab that shows you the source code of your project.
- Open
Add a
runtimeCachingproperty to your Workbox configuration.
urlPatternis a regular expression pattern telling Workbox which URLs to store locally. (When your app makes a network request at runtime, Workbox caches any request that matches the regular expression in
handler, regardless of its origin. This means that you can cache content from external sites as well, as this example demonstrates.)
handlerdefines the caching strategy that Workbox uses for any matching URL. See The Offline Cookbook for more on caching strategies.
new workboxPlugin.GenerateSW({ swDest: 'sw.js', clientsClaim: true, skipWaiting: true, runtimeCaching: [{ urlPattern: new RegExp('https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com'), handler: 'StaleWhileRevalidate' }] })
Try out the complete offline experience
The app now provides a complete offline experience. Try it now:
- Reload the live version of your app.
- Use the DevTools Command Menu to go back offline.
Reload the app. The app now displays the content from the last time that you were online. If you're still only seeing the page title, go back online, reload the page, and then try again.
Use the DevTools Command Menu to go back online.
Step 6: Create your own service worker
Up until now, you've been letting Workbox generate your entire service worker. If you've got a big project, or you want to customize how you cache certain resources, or do custom logic in your service worker, then you need to create a custom service worker that calls Workbox instead. Think of the service worker code you write as a template. You write your custom logic with placeholder keywords that instruct Workbox where to inject its code.
In this section, you add push notification support in your service worker. Since this is custom logic, you need to write custom service worker code, and then inject the Workbox code into the service worker at build-time.
- Re-focus the tab containing your project source code.
Add the following line of code to the
init()function in
function init() { ... if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { window.addEventListener('load', () => { navigator.serviceWorker.register('/sw.js').then(registration => { console.log('SW registered: ', registration); registration.pushManager.subscribe({userVisibleOnly: true}); }).catch(registrationError => { ... }); }); } }
Click New File, enter
src/sw.js, then press Enter.
Add the following code to
workbox.core.skipWaiting(); workbox.core.clientsClaim(); workbox.routing.registerRoute( ({url}) => url.origin === 'https://hacker-news.firebaseio.com', new workbox.strategies.StaleWhileRevalidate() ); self.addEventListener('push', (event) => { const title = 'Get Started With Workbox'; const options = { body: event.data.text() }; event.waitUntil(self.registration.showNotification(title, options)); }); workbox.precaching.precacheAndRoute(self.__precacheManifest);
Remove the
clientsClaim, and
skipWaitingproperties from your Workbox plugin configuration. These are now handled in your service worker code.
Change the
InjectManifestand add the
swSrcproperty to instruct Workbox to inject its code into a custom service worker.
new workboxPlugin.InjectManifest({ swSrc: './src/sw.js', swDest: 'sw.js' })
Try out push notifications
The app is now all set to handle push notifications. Try it now:
- Re-focus the tab running the live version of your app.
- Click Allow when Chrome asks you if you want to grant the app permission to send push notifications.
- Go to back to the Service Workers tab in DevTools.
Enter some text into the Push text box, then click Push. Your operating system displays a push notification from the app.
Optional: How service worker injection works
At the bottom of your custom service worker, you call
precacheAndRoute(self.__WB_MANIFEST);. This is a placeholder. At build-time,
the Workbox plugin replaces
self.__WB_MANIFEST with an array of resources to
precache. Your Workbox build configuration still determines what resources get
Next steps
- Read the Overview to learn more about the benefits that Workbox can provide to your project and how Workbox works.
- If you plan on building a custom service worker, it's helpful to understand the service worker lifecycle. See Service Workers: An Introduction to learn the basics of service workers.
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Eat for Eight Bucks: Pork Belly Sandwiches, Chinese-Style Recipe
Dinner recipes that will keep your stomach and wallet happy from Cara and Phoebe of Big Girls, Small Kitchen
I don't like the word "fusion" being used to describe cooking, because it implies a combination of ingredients that's contrived. Sure, the Provençal aïoli in these pork belly and steamed bun sandwiches isn't especially traditional—neither, for that matter, is putting Sriracha in Provençal aïoli. But I'm half Chinese and half American, and I live in New York City, where all culinary traditions bleed into one another. This is just how we eat here.
The pork belly sandwich is assembled from four components:
1. Mantou, or Chinese steamed buns, which can be found in the freezer section of most Asian grocery stores. The milk-white buns are fluffy, slightly sweet, and can be as small as an apricot or as large as a fist.
2. Soy-braised pork belly
3. Sautéed, sesame-scented cabbage
4. Homemade chili aïoli
Personally, I live in fear of spectator sports—but I'll venture that these boldly-flavored stuffed buns would make a popular game day dish. I spent $7.44 to make six substantial sandwiches, but, if you buy the miniature steamed buns, you can serve at least double that number as snack-sized "sliders."
The Shopping List
Note: Items bought in large quantities, like the eggs, have been pro-rated for cost. Ingredients a cook can reasonably be expected to have on hand are considered "Pantry Items" and are not factored into recipe cost.
1 pound pork belly - $2.89 Package of 6 mantou, or Chinese steamed buns - $2.99 Half a head of green cabbage - $0.74 Small knob of ginger - $0.15 1 egg - $0.17 (total cost of carton - $1.99) 1 lemon - $0.50
Pantry Items Garlic, soy sauce, star anise and/or cinnamon sticks and/or five-spice powder, chili sauce, mustard, sesame oil, vegetable oil, sugar, and salt
Total Cost
The Star Ingredient
Pork belly is basically pre-bacon—that is, bacon before it's been salt-cured and soaked in nitrates. Bacon's already pretty cheap, and pork belly is cheaper. Sadly, it's not sold as widely as bacon, and, in the likely scenario that your grocery store does not carry it, you'll have to visit an independent butcher shop. (In Manhattan, I go to Jeffrey's inside the Essex Street Market—he sells it for $2.89 a pound.)
Cheap as it is, pork belly needs long, slow cooking to tenderize its sizable swathe of fat. Fortunately, the majority of the cooking time in today's dish is not active; during the 3-4 hours of braising, you'll only need to worry about periodically replenishing the water.
Soy-Braised Pork Belly
- will fill 6 large or 12-15 mini sandwiches -
A note on spices: This recipe calls for either five-spice powder or a mixture of cinnamon sticks and whole star anise. If you don't have these items, experiment with Moroccan spice blend ras-el-hanout, or even toasted coriander or anise seeds and whole peppercorns. Most fragrant, woody spices will work here, even if they're not strictly "authentic."
Bonus: As the pork belly simmers, place a few peeled, hard-boiled eggs in the braising liquid. Remove them after an hour or two, when they have taken on a rich, brown color. These are "soy sauce eggs," a traditional Chinese snack and side dish.
- Yield:about 1/2 cup
- 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
- 2 tablespoons sugar
- 1 pound boneless pork belly, cut in three equal-sized pieces
- 2 tablespoons soy sauce
- 2 sticks cinnamon and 2 whole star anise or 1 tablespoon five-spice powder (see "A note on spices", above, for other spice options)
- 3 1/3-inch slices peeled fresh ginger
- 3 cloves garlic, peeled
- 1 1/2 teaspoons salt
- Water
- Half a head of green cabbage, very finely shredded
- 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
- 1 teaspoon sesame oil
- 1 teaspoon sugar
- Salt
- 1 large egg yolk
- 1/2 teaspoon Dijon mustard
- 2 teaspoons fresh lemon juice
- 1/2 cup neutral-flavored vegetable oil, such as canola
- 2 cloves garlic, very finely minced
- Fine salt
- Chili sauce or cayenne pepper to taste
In a large Dutch oven or wok, heat oil and sugar over medium-high heat, swirling vessel until sugar liquefies and turns a warm amber color.
Place pork belly slices in wok and sear on all sides, about 1 minute per side, using tongs to turn.
Pour enough cold water into vessel to cover the pork. Add soy sauce, spices, ginger, garlic, and salt. Bring to a boil and skim any scum that rises to the surface. Reduce heat to low and simmer, uncovered, for 3-4 hours, until pork is very tender and fat is easily penetrated with a spoon. If water level falls during cooking, replenish so that pork remains submerged.
Remove pork belly and set aside. Strain solids from braising liquid and return liquid to pan. Over high heat, reduce until lightly thickened and glossy. Adjust seasoning if necessary.
Slice pork into 1/3-inch thick slices. Lightly coat in reduced braising sauce.
Sautéed Green Cabbage
- will fill 6 large or 12-15 mini sandwiches -
Heat vegetable oil in large skillet over medium-high heat. Add cabbage and sauté until crisp-tender, about 8 minutes. In the last minute of cooking, add sugar and sesame oil and stir to coat. Season well with salt.
Chili Aïoli
Whisk together mustard, lemon juice and egg yolk in a bowl.
Add oil to yolk mixture a few drops at a time, whisking constantly, until all oil is incorporated and mixture is emulsified.
Whisk in garlic and chili sauce or cayenne pepper to taste. Season with salt. If aïoli is too thick, whisk in 1 or 2 drops of water; it should be creamy, but much looser in consistency than store-bought mayonnaise.
To Assemble
Serve the sandwiches pre-assembled, or let each person build his own.
Optional extras: Any kind of Asian pickle, such as picked radish or kimchi; coarsely chopped cilantro.
On a metal steaming rack or bamboo steamer set over simmering water, steam Chinese buns for 10-15 minutes, until tender and puffy. Slice open, leaving a hinge.
Spread each bun with chili aïoli; stuff with cabbage, pork belly, and extra condiments, if using; drizzle with the reduced braising sauce. Close bun and gently squish.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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Virginia coach Mike London has reached into the Cavaliers' past to refill his coaching staff.
London on Thursday hired former Boston College and North Carolina State head coach Tom O'Brien to be his associate head coach for offense and coach tight ends, Jon Tenuta to be his associate head coach for defense and defensive coordinator, and Jeff Banks to coach special teams and running backs.
He also promoted wide receivers coach Marques Hagans from graduate assistant to fulltime assistant, and said cornerbacks coach Chip West has been promoted from assistant recruiting coordinator to recruiting coordinator.
O'Brien, Tenuta and Hagans have deep Virginia roots.
O'Brien was an assistant under George Welsh at Virginia from 1982-96, the most successful era in school history, before becoming the head coach at Boston College and then N.C. State. He was fired at N.C. State on Nov. 25 with a career mark of 115-80, including an 8-2 record in bowl games.
He also had London on his staff at Boston College, and becomes the second former boss to join London's staff. Jim Reid, the Virginia defensive coordinator who was fired along with three other assistants after the Cavaliers finished 4-8 last season, had London as an assistant coach when he was at Richmond.
``With Tom's experience as a head coach in the ACC and Big East for 16 seasons, I am looking forward to his insights and I'm excited that he will be able to share his knowledge with our coaches and players,'' London said in a statement provided by the school. It said none of the coaches would be made available to comment until after the American Football Coaches Association convention that runs from Jan. 6-9.
O'Brien received a two-year contract with a $150,000 signing bonus, an annual salary of $450,000 and a $300,000 bonus at the conclusion of the deal. The package makes him the highest paid assistant on London's staff; offensive coordinator Bill Lazor's contract pays him a base salary of $453,000.
Tenuta was a defensive back at Virginia who graduated in 1982. He has 32 years of experience, half of it as a coordinator with stops that include Ohio State, Notre Dame, Georgia Tech and North Carolina. He received a five-year contract with an annual salary of $500,000.
``It's no secret that Jon brings an aggressive approach to the defensive side of the ball and I think our players will be excited to adopt that philosophy,'' London said. ``Jon has a great track record of improving defenses. He's spent many years coaching in the ACC and there's not much, if anything, he has not had to prepare for. I know Jon and his family are excited to return to Charlottesville and UVa.''
Hagans was a wide receiver and quarterback at Virginia from 2002-05. He ranks seventh in career passing yards at Virginia with 4,877 and is from Hampton in the state's most fertile recruiting area. He received a two-year contract with a salary of $150,000.
Banks, a former punter, has coached special teams for 12 years at the college level, the last nine at UTEP. He replaces Anthony Poindexter, who remains on staff coaching safeties but had the special teams duties taken away in the staff shakeup announced Dec. 2.
Banks received a two-year contract at an annual salary of $200,000, and all the assistants are entitled to performance bonuses based on success.


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In the U.S., Tablets are TV Buddies while eReaders Make Great Bedfellows:
Fast Company has a write up of the survey, concluding:
What can we learn from this data? Smart gadgets are pervasive. They're already changing long-held habits, and doing so very fast. If you're a content creator on almost any platform, you'll need to be aware of how your audience's attention is changing, and if you're a marketer then think of the plethora of new ways to appeal to the public through their emerging habits.
One thing I notice about reading on the Kindle is that I'm more likely to finish books I begin front-to-back, because the device keeps my place. Flipping through the "book" is actually not as fluid, so in some ways I guess the Kindle is enforcing a retro-traditional reading style on me.


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Vallisneria americana
Management Options
Mechanical/Physical Control Options
Eelgrass can be removed by cutting and raking it from the pond but can reestablish from remaining roots.
Fertilization to produce a phytoplankton or algal "bloom" prevents the establishment of most bottom rooted aquatic weeds and produces a strong food chain to the pond fish.
Non-toxic dyes or colorants prevent or reduce aquatic plant growth by limiting sunlight penetration, similar to fertilization. Aquashade, Blue Springs, and Crystal Blue are examples of non-toxic dye and other products are available. However, dyes do not enhance the natural food chain and may suppress the natural food chain of the pond.
Many types of mechanical removal devices are available that cut or chop up aquatic weeds. It is important to remember that many submerged plants regrow from fragments, so removal of cut fragments many be necessary to keep from spreading the unwanted plant. Companies that make cutters and rakes include but are not limited to Cutting Edge, Jenson Lake Mower, Midwest Aqua Care, and WeedRoller.
Physical barriers are also used to eliminate plants by shading the bottom. These work well for swimming areas, docks, etc. but must be kept clean of any buildup of sediment and debris. Lake Mat and Lake Bottom Blanket are examples of companies that makes these mats.
Biological Control Options
Grass carp will seldom control aquatic vegetation the first year they are stocked. They will consume eelgrass but it is not a preferred food item. Grass carp stocking rates to control eelgrass are usually in the range of 7 to 15 per surface acre. In Texas, only triploid grass carp are legal and a permit from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department is required before they can be purchased from a certified dealer (list at the end of the packet).
Chemical Control Options
The active ingredients that have been somewhat successful in treating eelgrass include diquat (F) and endothall (F). F = fair
Reward is a liquid diquat formulation that has been somewhat effective on eelgrass. It is a contact herbicide. Contact herbicides act quickly and kill all plants cells that they contact.
Hydrothol 191 is an alkylamine salt of endothall and comes in both liquid and granular formulations. It is a contact herbicide and has been somewhat effective on eelgrass. Contact herbicides act quickly and kill all plants cells that they contact. Hydrothol can be toxic to fish.
One danger with any chemical control method is the chance of an oxygen depletion after the treatment caused by the decomposition of the dead plant material. Oxygen depletions can kill fish in the pond. If the pond is heavily infested with weeds it may be possible (depending on the herbicide chosen) to treat the pond in sections and let each section decompose for about two weeks before treating another section. Aeration, particularly at night, for several days after treatment may help control the oxygen depletion.
One common problem in using aquatic herbicides is determining area and/or volume of the pond or area to be treated. To assist you with these determinations see SRAC #103 Calculating Area and Volume of Ponds and Tanks.
Many aquatically registered herbicides have water use restrictions (See General Water Use Restrictions).
To see the labels for these products click on the name. Always read and follow all label directions. Check label for specific water use restrictions.
Cultivation Options
Eelgrass can be propagated by digging up whole plants and transplanting them into clear, shallow water.


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What you need to know before you go
The Bahamas is an archipelago of about 2,000 islands and cays, each more beautiful than the last. With gleaming white sands, nodding palm trees and turquoise seas, it's the stereotypical Caribbean paradise. Don't go expecting some kind of a castaway existence, though – being one of the richest countries in the Americas, most of the major islands and cities are very well developed.
The warm, shallow waters surrounding the Bahamas are home to most of the favourite things to do here. They're a playground for sailors, snorkellers, deep-sea fishers and all sorts of other water sports enthusiasts. On land, you'll find a good mix of heritage sites and modern hotels, along with a fun-loving culture.
Trending now in BahamasFeatured stories & fun stuff
10 Things to Do in The Bahamas
The Bahamas consists of 16 main islands and countless more islets and cays, scattered like pearls across 250,000 sq km of pristine turquoise waters. Besides obviously stunning beaches, this island nation also offers the 3rd largest barrier reef in the world, an abundance of untouched nature, and unique biodiversity. If that doesn't convince you, then the rumoured '315 days of sunshine each year' should do the trick. Round up all these alluring features and you have a truly escapism-worthy destination.
Naturally, the nation's hub is the capital Nassau, on New Providence island, where most people live and where most usually visit. The Out Islands – all the Bahamian islands apart from New Providence and Grand Bahama – are the most remote and unspoilt. Below are some of the best things to do among these pockets of beauty.Read more


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For typical retirees in the United States, their goal is to fund a comfortable retirement. However, there are two primary risks investors face in managing their retirement portfolios—longevity risk and financial market risk.
The average 65-year-old retiree can expect to live another 20 years, and record numbers are expected to live past the century mark. Mortality tables indicate that roughly half of retirees will live longer than their life expectancy. This points to the large degree of variation that exists in terms of exactly how long each individual might live. This variation creates considerable uncertainty around how much money people will need to fund a retirement (i.e., longevity risk).
Financial market risk adds another variable. Once in retirement, a portfolio made up of stocks and bonds is very sensitive to market fluctuations. A series of ill-timed downturns in the market can drastically reduce a nest egg, forcing retirees to substantially lower their standard of living.
Fortunately, investors and advisors have access to effective tools to combat these risks. Research papers from Ibbotson Associates, a unit of Morningstar's investment management division, show that investors can mitigate both longevity and investment-performance risks with a carefully constructed combination of longevity-insurance products, such as fixed lifetime immediate annuities (SPIA) and variable annuities with guaranteed lifetime withdrawal benefits (VA+GLWB), which offer investors a guaranteed income stream, and traditional assets, such as ETFs and mutual funds.
Five factors primarily drive the product-type allocation decision: a client's age, financial market risk tolerance, wealth versus retirement expenses, risk preference toward longevity and bequest goal. Below are some general guidelines for how much the average American retiree might want to allocate to guaranteed products in retirement based on these factors:
1. Age
As a general guideline, allocations to SPIAs should slightly increase with age, rising from about 50% of an average 65-year-old's portfolio to close to 60% by age 75. This increase with age is mainly because the value of the annuity is higher for older investors. When a policyholder dies, the asset pool of all annuity holders is essentially spread over fewer people. Therefore, the annuity payments increase dramatically with the age at which the contract starts.
In contrast, the allocation to VA+GLWBs should slightly decrease with age. Holding a VA+GLWB is like portfolio insurance. The older an investor is, however, the less time they will hold their portfolio and the less likely they are to need portfolio insurance.
2. Finance Market Risk Tolerance
Conservative investors prefer certainty; they want downside protection and guaranteed income. Therefore, conservative investors should have a higher allocation to longevity insurance than aggressive investors. The average conservative retiree may want almost 60% in guaranteed products, while aggressive retirees may want half that amount.
3. Wealth Versus Retirement Expenses
The ratio of total net worth to retirement expenses not covered by existing guaranteed income (such as Social Security and defined benefit pension income) has a large impact on the allocation to annuity products. Retirees with a high ratio of around 80, i.e., those with a great deal of wealth relative to non-covered expenses, have no need for longevity insurance. Their portfolios can withstand market downturns and longevity risk without threatening their living standard. On the other hand, an investor with a more moderate wealth gap ratio of 20, for example, may want to allocate 40% of assets to annuity products.
4. Risk Preference Toward Longevity
Using mortality tables, it's easy to determine a person's life expectancy, but that number is just an average. People have more detailed knowledge of their family history, lifestyle and general health than what mortality tables can tell them. Therefore, clients should be able to make a qualitative assessment of their life expectancy. Those investors who expect a higher probability of living longer than average life expectancy or who are simply more concerned about living a longer life may want to allocate as much as 65% to guaranteed products as opposed to 35% for an investor who expects a shorter lifespan, all else being equal.
5. Bequest Goal
The trade-off between "spend it in retirement" and "leave it to heirs" also has a large impact on the optimal annuity allocation. Clients who want to spend their retirement income in their lifetime (the "spend it in retirement" approach) should have a larger allocation to longevity insurance, with the allocation tilted toward immediate fixed annuities instead of VA+GLWBs. Clients who want to leave the largest possible bequest to beneficiaries need less longevity insurance. The allocation within the annuities portion should tilt more to VA+GLWBs because the contract value is paid to the investors' beneficiaries on death. They likely will also benefit from investing in traditional assets, such as stocks and bonds.
The burden on retirees to finance their own retirement spending is growing. Fortunately, there are solutions. Most investors can avoid an extreme outcome by allocating a portion of their portfolios to insurance products that offer guaranteed income for life. But, advisors and investors have to be careful in how they determine the proper allocation to these products. Using our research results as guidelines, advisors can go a long way to helping their clients manage longevity risk and have a fruitful retirement.


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Vail Daily letter: The fiscal cliff and you
Vail, CO, Colorado
Forget about their fiscal cliff and worry about your own! Of the over three dozen federal tax laws that are set to expire at the end of 2012, many of these apply to you.
Maximum income tax rate : 2012, 35 percent; 2013, 39.6 percent.
Maximum capital gains rate: 2012, percent; 2013, 20 percent.
Maximum estate tax rate: 2012, 35 percent; 2013, 55 percent.
Estate tax exemption: 2012, $5,120,000; 2013, $1,000,000.
Maximum qualified dividends rate: 2012, 15 percent; 2013, 39.6 percent.
Maximum gift tax rate: 2012, 35 percent; 2013, 55 percent.
If you still feel like paying more taxes, the phase-out of itemized deductions (which was repealed in 2010), will be back in 2013. The 0.9 percent additional medicare payroll tax on wage income over $250,000 ($200,000 on individuals) will be added. Business owners who want to pay more taxes will be able to since you will not be allowed to take additional first-year depreciation on certain business assets placed in service after Dec. 31, 2012. And last but not least, if you want to sell your home in 2013, you may qualify for the new Medicare surtax on investment income.
I am afraid our lawmakers will get a pass until 2014 because no one will really understand or care until you the taxpayer files your 2013 tax return.
David Warner
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University students who used a Facebook group as part of a large sociology class did better on course assignments and felt a stronger sense of belonging, according to a Baylor University study.
The study has implications for the challenge of teaching large classes, a growing concern for higher education. Classes numbering hundreds of students -- particularly in introductory courses -- have become common at many universities, said researchers Kevin Dougherty, Ph.D., associate professor of sociology in Baylor's College of Arts and Sciences, and Brita Andercheck, a doctoral candidate in sociology at Baylor.
Their study -- "Using Facebook to Engage Learners in a Large Introductory Course" -- was published in Teaching Sociology, a journal of the American Sociological Association.
"Although some teachers may worry that social media distracts students from legitimate learning, we found that our Facebook group helped transform students from anonymous spectators into a community of active learners -- and this has important consequences for student performance," Dougherty said.
The Baylor research focused on a class of 218 students in an introductory sociology class at Baylor, a private research university of about 15,000 students. Students who participated in the Facebook group scored higher on quizzes, wrote stronger papers and did better on exams than classmates who did not take part, the study reports.
Baylor researchers noted that participation in the group was voluntary and set up as a "closed group" as defined by Facebook. Only those enrolled in the class were permitted to join. They had to request to do so and be accepted by a faculty administrator. Two-thirds of students in the class ended up joining the group.
Both students and teaching staff provided a steady stream of content to the Facebook group, researchers said. Teaching staff posted discussion questions, links to relevant online material and photos and videos of in-class events such as guest lectures and themed skits. Students, meanwhile, posted their own photos and videos related to course concepts, engaged in discussions and sought solutions to questions and problems.
Students' posts attracted comments and "like" responses from classmates.
"Again and again, we saw students helping one another on the Facebook group," Dougherty said.
One student with food poisoning missed class and posted, "Someone care to tell me what we're taking notes over? I'll be your best friiiiiiend!" A classmate responded less than a minute later.
As final exams approached, students were especially helpful to each other, swapping definitions and examples and organizing informal study sessions. Because the majority of students access Facebook through a mobile device such as a cellphone or iPad, "the class Facebook Group was almost always with them . . . No student in our class needed assistance using Facebook," researchers wrote.
"A Facebook group extends the classroom in time and space," Dougherty said. "It allows students to interact with one another and with the subject matter wherever and whenever they choose. It makes them more active learners."


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MELBOURNE: On June 6, 2011, Caroline Bayliss, Australia Director, The Climate Group, presented the Climate Smart Precincts Adelaide Workshop report to the Premier of South Australia, Mike Rann, with representatives from GE, IBM and Origin Energy in attendance.
The report reveals the results of two workshops facilitated by The Climate Group in February 2011, which were hosted by the South Australian Government's Land Management Corporation (LMC) and The Department of Trade and Economic Development (DTED), with Arup, Delfin Lend Lease, GE, IBM, Johnson Controls and Origin Energy.
The workshops examined participants' responses to two real-world sites in Adelaide, Bowden Village and Tonsley Park, as potential districts which are capable of being developed in a cost-effective and low carbon way, otherwise known as Climate Smart Precincts.
Climate Smart Precincts make it easier to make sustainable choices that are consistent with quality of life, and offer a more cost-effective development option that is inspiring for technology partners, compelling to forward-thinking business tenants, and attractive to Australian and international investors.
The results show participants' views that that both Bowden Village and Tonsley Park could readily be branded as Climate Smart Precincts, and that South Australia can lead the way, both nationally and internationally, in developing the initiative.
The report also highlights Tonsley Park in particular, as a possible flagship for sustainable mixed-use urban development, due to its size, existing features and early stage of development.
Premier Mike Rann welcomed the report and expressed his intention that it will inform future decision-making around the planning and development of Tonsley Park.
The representatives from GE, IBM and Origin Energy conveyed the huge opportunity presented - in particular by Tonsley Park - to become a world-class center for sustainable design innovation, with potential for replication in residential, commercial and industrial developments throughout Australia and internationally.
This report is the latest development in the Climate Smart Precincts Initiative, a coalition of leading businesses and governments working with flagship urban precincts to test the policies, technologies and new business models for integrated urban growth and low carbon redesign.
In July 2010 Climate Smart Precincts Initiative developed the Opportunities Report for First Ministers, which produced a set of priorities for public/private sector collaboration and draft Principles for Climate Smart Precincts.
South Australia is the first State Government to present real-world flagship projects for discussion by members of the Climate Smart Precincts Initiative.
News: First major event for Climate Smart Precincts Initiative in Australia


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A collection of scholarly works about individual liberty and free markets. A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.
Purchase now from Liberty Fund
Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times, ed. Douglas den Uyl (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2001). 3 vols. https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1851,
This new Liberty Fund edition of Characteristicks presents the complete 1732 text of this classic work of philosophy and political theory. Also included are faithful reproductions of the stirring engravings that Shaftesbury created to facilitate the reader's consideration of his meditations on the interrelationships among truth, goodness, beauty, virtue, liberty, responsibility, society, and the state.
The copyright to this edition, in both print and electronic forms, is held by Liberty Fund, Inc.
This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit.


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Stockholm braves coldest June weather in 84 years: experts
Stockholm registered its coldest June weekend in 84 years, with temperatures hitting a maximum of just six degrees Celsius (43 Fahrenheit), meteorologists said Sunday.
On Saturday, as blustery winds and heavy rain fell on the capital, "Stockholm reported a high of just six degrees. We have not seen such a low June temperature since 1928," the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) wrote in a statement.
And the cold and wet looked to be settling in for the better part of the coming week.
"On Thursday and Friday the weather will stabilise a bit with fewer showers and a little more sun, and temperatures will slowly rise," the institute said, noting however that another rainstorm was due to move in over the country next weekend.
The cold spell came as US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Stockholm on Sunday, holding talks with Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt while on a boat ride in Stockholm's picturesque archipelago.
Even Bildt commented the cold on his blog: "The weather continues to be lousy, but we'll have to compensate for it with the warmth of our relationship during Hillary Clinton's visit here today."
After the long, cold winter, the chilly and wet weather of late has left many Swedes longing for warmer climes.
Charter group Ving said Saturday its tour bookings increased by 31 percent during the past week from the previous week.
"Summer is coming soon and people don't dare take a chance (on the weather in Sweden), they want to make sure they get some sun during their holiday," Ving spokeswoman Magdalena Oehrn told Swedish news agency TT.
Explore further
(c) 2012 AFP


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We can help
This 300 watt 12 volt remote magnetic transformer converts standard 120 or 277 volt line voltage to 12 volts, providing the necessary voltage for powering a Monorail, Kable Lite, Wall Monorail or Freejack low voltage lighting system. Can be used to power lamps totaling up to 300 watts. This transformer is equipped with fast-acting short circuit and overload protection that will safely turn off the system should a short occur. Once the short is removed, the unit can be reset. Must be installed in a remote, but accessible location such as above the ceiling or a closet, and should be located no more than 20 feet from the required single feed power feed, sold separately. ETL listed. 10.6 inch length x 4.3 inch width x 4.1 inch height.
Started in 1983 by Lightology founder Gregory Kay, Tech Lighting originally established its name as a leading designer of architectural lighting with its contemporary decorative fixtures and innovative low-voltage track lighting systems. Their earliest fixtures include MonoRail, Kable Lite, TwinRail and, later, T-trak. The Tech brand has since evolved, with a portfolio offering an expansive selection of lighting solutions for both residential and commercial applications.
Tech Lighting products span a wide variety of lighting categories, including low- and line-voltage decorative pendants, wall sconces, chandeliers, bath bars and bath lighting, picture lights, directional track heads and ceiling fixtures (both flush mount and suspension) all featuring timeless, original design.
You'll find Tech Lighting in homes with the most beautiful and innovative kitchens, bathrooms, foyers, dining rooms, family rooms and bedrooms, as well as in well-appointed restaurants, hotels, boutiques, offices and retail stores domestically and abroad.
Lightology is proud to offer the best pricing anywhere on Tech products, with fast and free shipping for our well-stocked Tech Lighting inventory. With our seasoned and knowledgeable staff possessing extensive experience and training in all Tech products, it naturally follows that we at Lightology are the Tech Lighting experts.See more from Tech Lighting


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The weather seems to be echoing the mood of most Forest fans I talk to as they contemplate this weekend's trip to Derby to face our in-form rivals. I know they say that the form book goes out of the window for local derbies, but frankly even if it did it would probably only mean a one or two goal defeat rather than a complete shoeing.
I've been perusing English championship betting odds at William Hill and as I type it has us at 17/5 and Derby at 8/11 – all in all, it's a pretty depressing read and the bookmakers rarely get these things too far off. I can still remember going there last season and daring to have some kind of optimism that we might get a result which also seemed unlikely – only to bear witness an embarrassing capitulation that the Derby players and fans were probably too embarrassed to derive much enjoyment from, such a token resistance we put up.
And my expectations are even lower this year. Oh dear. This could be bad!
Whether Stuart Pearce's job really hinges on this result is a matter for conjecture, but it doesn't take a massive leap to imagine Fawaz losing his patience should something like last season's debacle occur again. Indeed, whilst Pearce has my backing, I can't help but think that if he weren't Stuart Pearce would have be so reasonable considering the frankly awful performances we've been witness to? Have I always been in the past? I'm not sure.
The trouble with being such an infrequent blogger these days is that I can't link back to past ruminations on Forest so readily – if I could then I'm sure there'd be an article prior to Pearce starting saying that whilst of course I was taken up with the general excitement I had reservations about him coming, partly because his managerial record isn't exactly stellar before coming here – but mainly because inevitably the expectations of owner and supporters alike increasingly seem impossible to fill within the deadlines permitted would render my hero a failure.
It wouldn't be the first time we've gone down the A52 half hoping that it might get snowed off or otherwise delayed, but let's face it – bigger upsets have occurred in the past so we shouldn't lose all hope. Just the vast majority of it!
Filed under: Thoughts |


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This was on top of a building. The car I was riding in was going at least 60 miles per hour. I can't remember how much zoom I was using; else the camera was on auto.
Catholic woman discerning a religious vocation
One thing I ask of the LORD; this I seek: To dwell in the LORD'S house all the days of my life, To gaze on the LORD'S beauty, to visit his temple. (Ps 27:4)
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Monday, March 26, 2012
7 comments:
Thanks for posting this. I was sobering if someone on here was going to do that, although it might be irrelevant to some. I wanted to wear one but I don't currently own one. This is such a tragedy and so sad. What bothers me the most is that the maker of the law said Zimmerman did not fall under that law because he pursued Trayvon. Smh that he would cold bloodedly murder someone, say self defense and then just hoped that "everything was going to blow over." Like who says something like that after killing someone. A lot of things about that seem sketchy, even the testimonies and "new" recordings.ReplyDelete
Thank you. I am still a trainee so unfortunately my activism has been limited to the internet. My Stepson just celebrated his 18th birthday yesterday (which is quite a milestone for a black male child) and he loves skittles. This Trayvon Martin issue has hit really close to home because Devin possesses this same innocence. I can't believe that the police didn't arrest him, it is up to a grand jury to decide it their is enough evidence for an indictment, not the police.ReplyDelete
Thank you. I used to live in the area of Miami that Trayvon is from, Miami Gardens, with my two sons. This story is absolutely heartbreaking.ReplyDelete
- mommabeeMarch 28, 2012 at 1:02 PM
Every day as more details come out, my heart becomes more and more heavy. I remember being told by my parents that if a stranger approaches you you run and yell for help. If they grab you, you fight. Trayvon was a child and it was night time and a stranger was chasing him. I grieve for him and the fear he must have felt in his final moments. I grieve for his family, knowing that their son's murderer is still on the streets. No arrest?!? I am grieving for our society and our families.ReplyDelete
Reflections on 3 days of hoodie wearing...ReplyDelete
Despite the fact that I am wearing a ridiculously oversized hoodie with the hood on indoors, NO ONE thinks anything of it! Most people just ask me if I'm cold which gives me an opportunity to talk about why I have the hoodie on. However, in wearing the hoodie, I realize that EVERYONE has hoodies on!!! Which just highlights the ridiculousness of this situation.
I have also inspired at least one more hoodie wearer. I am always proud when we as a society unite against injustice! Lets stop the madness!
- AnonymousMarch 28, 2012 at 5:23 PM
I 100% feel that what happened to Trayvon is an awful thing and Zimmerman should be brought to justice. It's a travesty that he hasn't been arrested yet.ReplyDelete
But I noticed something interesting today. I was out on the street yesterday evening and I saw a white man wearing a hoodie, and I instinctively moved away from him and felt a little frightened. Why did I feel that way? I don't know.
- AnonymousApril 20, 2012 at 6:33 PM
Thanks so much Cutter for posting this. My little sister was Trayvon's friend and went to school with him. This situation is devastating and disgusting. Unfortunately evil acts of violence against precious young black men (and men of other races) happen all too often. Many times unknowingly, we can't empathize with a parent's grief the way we normally would because the victim's family may not look or talk like "we do". Subconsciously it's difficult to make that connection because we in America (if the truth be told) are so race/color conscious (and no, I'm not Aftican-American). Many young black men experience things that so many of us are clueless about. Harvard graduates, honors students, upstanding responsible, intelligent, professional and good-hearted black men who wouldn't hurt a fly constantly get in elevators and just wait for women to clutch their purses as they move to the other end of the elevator. Tragically so many black men will walk in a parking lot, expecting the predictable sound of people quickly locking their door as he innocently walks by. There are these, and so many other experiences that are more than foreign to most of us. Obviously other groups are discriminated against, and no matter who it is, it should never be tolerated on any level. If we all did our part in shutting down even the subtlest forms of discrimination against anyone, I believe it could keep us from losing another precious son. I know that many will agree with me that we don't want Trayvon's murder to be in vain. Thank you so much Cutter.ReplyDelete


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Let me tell you what you can do with your green eggs…
When was the last time you looked at your shirt tag and saw "Made in Croatia"?
Can you name a beer brewed there? A car? Have you ever in your life heard of
anything significant produced in this small European country that is apparently
a great secret vacation spot? In fact, the only time we hear about Croatia is
in the little blurbs in the news surrounding the constant wars in the area.
Well, that may change if the developers at Croteam have anything to say about
it. Out of the small war torn country comes an impressive new FPS engine: the
"Serious" engine. And what better way to introduce a new game engine than to
develop a solid game and sell it super-cheap?
Enter Serious Sam, a new FPS that offers more enemies than two rival
anthills. The setting is pre-Ancient Egypt, before the Pharaohs and Gods that
fill our history books were around. Apparently, there once existed a civilization
more technologically advanced than NASA. This civilization held powers great
enough to take over the world in a plan even more diabolical than this!
On an archaeological dig, someone unearthed a relic from these times allowing
a single person passage through time. The problem is that it's a one-way ticket
to an overpopulated, high-tech ancient world filled with monsters. Of course,
you play Sam "Serious" Stone, the lucky ticket holder with the task
of hopping back in time to destroy an entire civilization. At least they gave
you a knife and a handgun.
Serious Sam plays a lot like Doom, but with more enemies. Way
more. Like, the most EVER. And they just keep coming and coming, like roaches
to a donut. You just blast away like a madman…and it's lots of fun.
Part of the fun is that the enemy types are just bizarre. At one point, a headless
mutant with bombs in place of his hands comes screaming over the edge of a bluff.
You blow him away…only to then hear about 30 more screams as a wave of his
brethren come billowing forth. The sheer mania of thousands of enemies swarming
your way is a gas, and they never really let the foot off the pedal.
Battling hordes of enemies has its ups and downs. It definitely keeps you on
your toes and the adrenaline rush is great, but after half a dozen levels it
gets kind of old and repetitive. However, if you need to practice for a Quake
III tournament, Serious Sam is a great way to warm up the trigger
The graphics in Serious Sam are an interesting amalgam. The pseudo-Egyptian
hieroglyphics are vibrant and nicely detailed, while a lot of the widely open
areas are bland, with little coloration. But as a whole, the environments, light
sourcing, fog, mist and shadows are more than adequate. And whatever they did
to avoid distortion at close range worked, because when viewing textures up
close they only get a slightly grainy – no pixelation or blur. It's some of
the best around. The enemies are also well-rendered, with plenty of detail and
framerates seem to drop a little and the game gets a bit choppy when levels
are loading or there is too much action onscreen, even on a solid machine. All
you vertigo-prone gamers, beware.
The sound is rich and immersive, especially with an Environmental Audio compatible
sound card and a set of surround-sound speakers. This really helps when you're
being hunted by hoards of minions from both the front and back.
There are tons of secrets to find, most hidden behind sections of wall, again
simliar to Doom. If you pay enough attention, you'll start to see that
certain items in the game act as triggers for other events. Pick up the health
pack and you are instantly surrounded…again. Nothing's free!
Multiplayer is an option, but I have yet to find a smooth game. Cable and DSL
users will find it much more stable, but modem users shouldn't bother (unless
you set up a server and let others join you). The cool thing is that like Quake
II, a cooperative mode is offered allowing a team of players to play through
the single-player missions. This is a great idea if you have a twin-view video
card and two monitors (all four of you).
I have already found a bunch of mods to Serious Sam, including some
crazy deathmatch levels and games, so it goes to show that the developers made
it easy for people to work with the engine. Hopefully we'll start seeing more
mods stemming from devoted fans of this new workhorse.
Included on the disk is a "technology test," which is really just a showcase
of what our new Croatian friends can do. If you have a high-end machine, there
are some impressive textures, shading, lighting tricks and models to explore
and drool over.
Frankly, Serious Sam is a serious bargain; with a MSRP of around
$20, you definitely get your money's worth. The hectic gameplay and nifty little
engine coupled with the low price and the prospect of mods on the way make this
a no-brainer.


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Photo by Lazar Simeonov.
Eight Palestinian men were detained by Israeli forces at the Al-Aqsa mosque on Friday 7 March. Leaving the compound, the young men were arrested because they breached a recent police decision. The decision to restrict access to the mosque for male worshipers under the age of 50 was based on "intelligence of plans for unrest," Israeli police spokeswoman Luba Samri explained. Protesting the decree, large groups of worshipers prayed in the streets of East-Jerusalem at police checkpoints.
The decision came after a controversial debate on Israeli sovereignty over the Al-Aqsa compound in the Knesset on 25 February, and furious reactions from Palestinians and the rest of the Arab world. The debate surrounding Jerusalem and its holy sites is an essential part of the current peace talks.
Sovereignty, access and international meddling
As these renewed US-backed peace talks slowly reach their April deadline, both sides are shifting even more attention to the core issues. One of the main topics for discussion is the third holiest site in Sunni Islam and the holiest site in Judaism. Known by Muslims as Al-Haram Al-Sharif, the site in the Old City of Jerusalem includes the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock. In Judaism, the site is called the Temple Mount, the place where the King Herod's Temple once stood before it was destroyed during Roman times. The Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall, is situated at the foot of the Temple Mount. Next to the recognition of Israel as a Jewish state, the fate of Jerusalem and its holy sites is on of the main obstacles to reaching a framework agreement by the end of April, a context which is supposed to form the basis of a final-status agreement.
The site is located in East-Jerusalem, which Palestinians, backed by the international community, view as the capital of a future independent Palestinian state. Since 1967 however, East-Jerusalem has been illegally occupied by Israel, which in 1980 formally declared Jerusalem its indivisible capital. The international community considers this annexation to be illegal. As a result of the occupation, only Palestinians with a blue Jerusalem ID or a special temporary Israeli-issued permit are able to enter East-Jerusalem and its holy sites. These permits are notoriously difficult to obtain.
Governance rights over the site have been claimed, and partly implemented by a tangle of countries and organizations. Since 1187, Al-Haram As-Sharif is officially governed by the Jerusalem Islamic Waqf, an Islamic trust headed by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and funded by the Jordanian government. The Waqf has complete authority over the site, managing everything from administration to preservation. In the peace treaty between Israel and Jordan, the former acknowledged the "present special role" of the latter in "Muslim Holy shrines in Jerusalem."
In an agreement signed with King Abdullah II of Jordan on 31 March of last year, Palestinian president Abbas repeated that King Abdullah II is the custodian of Jerusalem's Muslim holy sites. Both men further stressed their joint efforts to defend Jerusalem from "Israel's judaization attempts."
Next to that, the Israeli Supreme Court has defended Jewish praying rights at the site, but restricted visiting hours, allowing the Israeli police to interdict any form of religious activity if it could lead to disrupting public order.
Dr. Yousef Nasthash confirmed in an interview with the Palestine Monitor that the continuing dispute focuses on sovereignty. "Israel questions the Waqf's authority over the site and interferes constantly in our internal affairs. They are clearly not respecting what is outlined in the peace treaty with Jordan," the administrative officer at the Islamic Waqf adds.
The Waqf views Israel as an occupation force and, according to Nasthash, only communicates with the Israeli police. "The Israelis are constantly interfering at the site under the guise of 'security reasons'," Nasthash said.
The sovereignty dispute is linked with access and freedom of worship in the Old City, spiced up with regular violent clashes, international wrangling and religious meddling, making it an incredibly delicate issue to confront.
Rising tension
After the renewal of the peace talks in July 2013, it didn't take long before the fate of Jerusalem and its holy sites came into the international spotlights once again. On 27 October, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu claimed to "describe importance to the unity of Jerusalem," according to The Jerusalem Post, proving the unwavering Israeli position on the "indivisibility" of Jerusalem.
On 10 January the Israeli daily Arutz Sheva reported that Netanyahu had told senior government officials he would not agree to any division of Jerusalem in framework agreements, nor sign any agreement that allows the establishment of a Palestinian capital in Jerusalem. The New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman, citing anonymous U.S. and Israeli officials, claimed on 28 January that American Secretary of State John Kerry, who is overseeing the talks, will nonetheless propose a shared capital in Jerusalem.
Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas commented on the issue at an event with Israeli students on 16 February, Haaretz reported. Abbas stated that the Palestinian Authority was not planning to share sovereignty over the Al-Aqsa Mosque, but would allow freedom of worship for Jews in the Western Wall Plaza, adding that he saw no reason to re-divide Jerusalem.
Israeli minister of economy, also responsible for Jerusalem and Diaspora Affairs, Naftali Bennett reacted to Abbas' comments the day after, during his speech at the opening of the Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish Organizations. According to The Jerusalem Post, Bennett stated that Israel is gradually applying more and more sovereignty in East-Jerusalem, including the Temple Mount, by "improving its services to Israeli Arabs" living there.
In recent months there has been a rise in tension on and around the Temple Mount. In most cases worshipers protest against visits by groups of Jewish Israelis, sometimes resulting in clashes with the Israeli police.
"Worshipers are only reacting to right wing provocations," Nasthash explained. He further stated that all these visits take place without any coordination with the Waqf, adding that they "welcome any visitor, as long as they respect the holiness of the site and the feelings of Muslims."
Most notorious are the visits by groups of Israelis led by Yehuda Glick, chairman of the Temple Mount Heritage Foundation. The organization wants to "encourage Jews to enter the Temple Mount as prescribed by Jewish law" and is doing so by organizing tours and "educational activities" at the Temple Mount. At the site, non-Muslim visitors are allowed, but non-Muslim prayer is not. One of the most famous Jewish visits to the Temple Mount came in 2000, when then Israeli prime minster Ariel Sharon entered the compound, sparking the Second Intifada.
In 1967, Israeli Chief Rabbis forbade any Jew to enter the Temple Mount on religious grounds, but now some political and religious leaders are advocating access for Jews nevertheless. One of the Foundation's projects is called 'Freedom for Jews on the Temple Mount," which has two main goals. The first is to "increase Jewish presence so that we are viewed as a natural part of the Temple Mount's environment, and not strangers or visitors. The second goal is to implement the fundamental rights of Jews at the Temple Mount itself," as Arutz Sheva reported.
Regular visits by newly recruited Israeli soldiers to the Temple Mount are also triggering violent clashes with Palestinians. These Israeli visitors are always escorted by Israeli police officers.
At different times clashes also occur between the Israeli police and Palestinian worshipers, mostly due to restricted access for the latter or after raids by the former.
Knesset and Arab League discuss fate of Old City
The dispute surrounding the Temple Mount came to a new head prior to, during and after a debate about Israeli sovereignty over the site in the Knesset on 25 February. The debate was held in the evening, but clashes between Palestinians protesting and Israeli forces already occurred before. The debate centered around a bill, proposed by MK Moshe Feiglin (Likud), that focused on freedom of religion and tied it to Israeli sovereignty over the Al-Aqsa compound. Feiglin is notorious for paying regular visits to the Temple Mount, before Prime Minister Netanyahu banned him from the area in April 2013. On 19 February 2014 the ban was lifted.Feiglin called on the government of Israel "to apply the full sovereignty of the State of Israel in the entire Temple Mount" and "to allow free access to any Jew to the Temple Mount through any gate, and allow them to pray," according to Ynet, the English language Israeli news website of Yedioth Ahronoth,
Meretz MK Zehava Galon countered Feiglin by stating that there's a difference between the right and exercising the right. Speaking to Haaretz, Galon denounced the timing of the initiative, as well as Feiglin's intentions, as she believes Feiglin wants the peace talks to fail.
In response to the Knesset debate, the PA, with Egyptian support, called upon an emergency meeting of the Arab League to discuss the matter, The Times of Israel reported.
On Wednesday 26 February, the permanent country representatives discussed the possibility of filing a complaint with the UN, condemning the "continuing Israeli violations of the Al-Aqsa compound" and calling upon "the EU, major powers, and UNESCO to take responsibility in Jerusalem and to protect Islamic and Christian holy sites from Israeli threats," Ma'an News Agency reported.
The Knesset debate also spurred a reaction from 47 Jordanian MPs, demanding the Jordanian government cancel its peace treaty with Israel.
On Wednesday 26 February acting Jordanian Minister of Foreign Affairs Mohammad Momani reacted to the events, stating that "Israel's actions regarding Al-Aqsa are putting the peace treaty between Jordan and Israel on the line".
"The Hashemite custodianship of the holy sites in Jerusalem is not an Israeli grant, but a historic responsibility of the Hashemites," added Momani in an interview with The Jordan Times.
No peace without solution for Jerusalem
For centuries Jerusalem has been the cause for at times very violent strife, and it looks like it will always be the subject of heated debates and the scene of occasional violent outbursts. A final peace agreement between Israelis and Palestinians, which includes an accord on how to govern "the eternal city," should be the first step towards calming down tempers. How soon will be in part dependent on the reactions to American Secretary of State John Kerry's framework proposal.
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Team WWJQ? was in action
Cooking bbq pork for a couple families dealing with cancer
and running a test cook on beef ribs we are considering adding to the cater menu
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Aug 8, 2005 (CIDRAP News) – Positive results from a human vaccine against the H5N1 avian flu that is the prime candidate for causing the next influenza pandemic came out of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), this weekend. Still, the challenges to producing such a vaccine in the quantities needed in an actual pandemic lend a dose of reality to the news.
Trials of the vaccine on human volunteers began several months ago at three university-based centers in the United States—the University of Rochester, the University of Maryland at Baltimore, and the University of California, Los Angeles. The vaccine so far has been given to 452 healthy adults to ascertain the immune response and to evaluate its safety profile.
Early trials results, reported by the New York Times and the Washington Post Saturday, showed good results after an initial dose and a booster dose given 4 weeks later. NIAID Director Anthony Fauci is quoted in the Times story as saying, "It's good news. We have a vaccine."
Preliminary results obtained from 115 (some sources say 113) of the vaccine recipients showed a strong enough immune response to ward off the virus. Results are awaited on the remaining subjects, but Fauci said he expects them to parallel those already in. The doses that were most effective contained 90 micrograms of H5N1 antigen in each of two shots, compared with the 15 micrograms of antigen given via a single injection in typical annual flu vaccinations.
The vaccine, made by Sanofi Pasteur, will next be tested in adults over age 65, likely beginning in about a month, according to the Associated Press (AP), and trials in children will follow shortly thereafter. Safety issues will be examined in these groups as well as optimal dosing levels. Normally, older people, children, and people with chronic diseases are most at risk for complications of influenza. The H5N1 strain may not fit this pattern; mortality rates in the 1918 flu pandemic were highest in otherwise healthy young adults.
The high doses needed for protection against H5N1 pose obvious challenges in regard to production capacity. In a Wall Street Journal (WSJ)article today, Fauci said the 2 million US doses already ordered might cover only 450,000 people. Supplying even the amount of vaccine ordered for yearly US influenza vaccination programs is problematic, as evidenced by last flu season's shortage when the Chiron company was unable to produce the almost–50 million doses it was to supply to the United States. In a flu pandemic, vaccine for the worldwide population would be needed.
The new vaccine, like yearly flu vaccines, is grown in chicken eggs, so the amount that can be produced is dependent on the supply of eggs that producers can supply to vaccine companies. And the growth process takes several months. Experiments on cell-culture vaccines, which would circumvent these limitations, are under way, but their clinical use is far distant. Said Fauci in the Times article, "The critical issue now is, can we make enough vaccine, given the well-known inability of the vaccine industry to make enough vaccine?"
Infectious disease expert Michael Osterholm said the news is hopeful, but he expressed great concern over supply issues. Even though the dosage will likely be refined as study continues, he told CIDRAP News, "We're starting, from these results, with the amount of antigen needed to immunize a person standing at 12 times what's needed for a typical flu vaccination."
And the limiting factors aren't only the egg supply. "We need to quickly scale up capacity," said Osterholm, director of CIDRAP, which publishes this Web site. "Since the current annual vaccine-production capacity worldwide is about 1 billion doses of the 15 microgram–antigen vaccine, right now we have the ability to produce less than enough vaccine for 100 million people in the first year of a pandemic. This covers less than 2% of the 6.5-billion world population. The bottom line is that this will do little to stop or even arrest a worldwide pandemic."
The vaccine was made under a 2004 contract with NIH to develop and make 8,000 to 10,000 doses of a new vaccine based on the H5N1 avian flu strain circulating in Southeast Asia at that time. Vaccine testing has not been done on the strain as it now exists, pointed out Osterholm.
The federal government, through a separate contract in 2004, ordered 2 million more doses of the vaccine, to be made available to public health and laboratory workers in the event of an emergency and to encourage the manufacturer to ramp up the production process. Dr. Fauci told the AP over the weekend that the government is poised to order significantly more vaccine now that positive results are coming in.
Research into an effective human vaccine has been humming due to the fact that the H5N1 strain of avian flu that has caused massive poultry deaths in Asia has also caused at least 112 cases in humans, with almost 60 of them fatal. Experts agree that when the strain evolves to a point where efficient person-to-person transmission begins, a worldwide pandemic will quickly follow.
See also:
Mar 23, 2005, CIDRAP News story on the clinical trials