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The war on drugs isn't working. In fact, it is making the problem even worse.
In May President Barack Obama signaled the beginning of the end of the war on terror, at least in a predominantly militarized form, during an address that attempted to balance encroachments on civil and human rights created by the nation's anti-terror crusade against the legitimate, reasonable needs of security and tranquility. Is it time for the president to stand before the nation and make a similar speech about another war it has been waging, the horizonless war on drugs?
A report released in May from the Organization of American States (OAS) makes a case for important tactical shifts in this vast war. Accessing the real-world outcomes of a hemispheric effort to contain the drug trade, the OAS report calls for new and more flexible thinking about how best to respond within and across borders to drug trafficking.
The United States has been at war with drugs for more than half a century. It has spent billions of dollars in local and federal interdiction and billions more assisting governments in Latin America in attempts to snuff out the trade at its source.
The OAS report points out that despite some successes—many short-lived, as production suppressed in one state simply shifts elsewhere—demand in the drug-receiving nations, primarily the United States, remains strong. Narco-traffickers meanwhile have been enriched and empowered precisely because of the illicit nature of the trade, propelling a contagion of corruption and violence throughout North and South America.
If one applied the precepts of just war theory to the war on drugs, how well would its rationalizations hold up? Drug use might be best considered a spiritual and medical problem arising out of hopelessness and clinical addiction. How then can military and police forces be accepted as the primary authority for combatting drug use?
After decades of combat, can there remain a legitimate anticipation of success in this war? There can be no winning if victory is measured as disruption in drug trafficking so severe that it chokes off supply to U.S. demand. The appetite of millions of Americans for marijuana, cocaine, and even harder drugs has not abated, and, despite costly efforts to intercept drug flows, traffickers continue to evolve novel means of production and delivery.
Are the possible harms engendered by the war worse than the harm it is meant to alleviate? In recent years the drug war has taken a brutal turn: More than 60,000 have died in Mexico alone as military assaults and fighting over turf has trapped thousands of civilians in the cross fire. Meanwhile police, government, and banks in Latin America have become compromised because of corruption encouraged by the futility of the conflict.
Social and educational services also are sacrificed to finance the war, and legions of citizens whose involvement with drugs might be better deterred with treatment or job opportunities end up in prisons. Central American states that serve as transit points for illicit substances on their journey north have been traumatized by crime. And spillover supply nurtures regional addiction, burdening already limited health systems in these low-income nations.
Is the response proportionate to the problem? The vast government expenditures on the militarization of the drug problem mean fewer resources for "soft" responses aimed at reducing demand. The United States has the highest rate of incarceration in the world with more than 2.3 million citizens locked up, nearly one-third because of drug offenses—an effect disproportionately felt within the nation's African American community.
The ultimate goal of a just war is to reestablish a peace that has been broken. America's war on drugs is having the opposite effect, disseminating violence and chaos far from the suburban homes, city nightclubs, and college dorms where illicit drugs are used. It is time to repatriate and redefine the fight against drugs before many more lives are lost in a war that cannot be won.
This article appeared in the August 2013 issue of U.S. Catholic (Vol. 78, No. 8, page 39).
Image: Flickr photo cc by Steve Rhodes


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Gladstone is one of the best entry points to the Southern Great Barrier Reef Islands like Heron Island and Lady Musgrave Island. It's also surrounded by sleepy beach towns with some of the best fishing on the east coast of Australia.
Stay at a beach shack or waterfront caravan park in 1770, where the easy access to the water will keep the kids and the fishermen busy all day.
To get away from it all, book a few days at Heron Island, where you'll trade the demands of the mainland for a colourful underwater playground just off the beach.

subset: commoncrawl


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PreK-2 Suspension Ban: How are schools adapting?
Principal interviews indicate that more practical professional development opportunities for teachers and more strategic support from licensed professionals would better help schools care for students with trauma-related behavioral needs.
Results from the 2017 National Assessment of Educational Progress
This report highlights the results of Austin's 4th- and 8th-grade students on the 2017 National Assessment of Educational Progress, also known as the Nation's Report Card.
Texas Kindergarten Early Assessment (Texas KEA) Performance, Fall 2017
This report summarizes Fall 2017 Texas Kindergarten Early Assessment (TX-KEA) results for Austin Independent School District (AISD) kindergarten students, examining those with or without prior AISD prekindergarten experience. Test domains summarized in the report include vocabulary, listening comprehension, blending, letter names, letter sounds, math, and socioemotional.
Fall 2017 Academic Outcomes for Students Who Attended 2017 Title I Summer School
This report summarizes AISD Fall 2017 enrollment and academic performance outcomes for students who attended the 2017 summer programs supported with federal Title I funds.
Title I, Part A Program Summary, 2015-2016
This report provides a brief overview of key component's of AISD's federal Title I, Part A program for 2015-2016, including funding, student and teacher demographics, student academic performance, and accountability.
Analysis of Performance Gaps in Austin Independent School District: 2012-2013 Through 2014-2015
This report is one of several that examines the data to investigate equity in AISD. It describes the performance gaps between and among student groups district-wide for reading, math, writing, disciplinary removals/placements, and graduation rates.
Pre-Kindergarten Teachers' Feedback on the Dual Language Program
This report documents feedback obtained at two meetings with principals and teachers of pre-kindergarten centers offering the dual language (DL) program. Participants were asked to provide input about DL program implementation in the 2015-2016 school year, and to discuss recommendations about proposed changes for the DL program delivery model in the 2016-2017 school year.
Austin Independent School District Dual Language Rubric Report, 2015
This report summarizes highlights from the Dual Language Program rubric classroom observations conducted in October 2015. Observers rated several aspects of program implementation according to the rubric and provided comments about classroom practices observed.
Social and Emotional Learning: Implementation and Program Outcomes, 2010-2011 Through 2014-2015
This report describes campus effects of AISD's SEL program from the year prior to SEL implementation (i.e., 2010-2011 when available) through 2014-2015. Analyses also examine which SEL outcome measures were related to SEL implementation ratings.
Elementary Principals' Platicas on Dual Language, December 2015
This report summarizes highlights from discussions, or "platicas", held with elementary principals about the district's dual language program. Principals provided their opinions about the program and gave suggestions for improvements.


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Price skips 'pen session, feels ahead of schedule
PORT CHARLOTTE, Fla. -- David Price caught everybody's attention Wednesday morning when he did not throw his bullpen session as scheduled.
No worries. The ace was simply exercising an option extended by pitching coach Jim Hickey to all of the Rays' hurlers.
According to the smiling Price: "This is what they told us on Day 1, 'We have three bullpens in six days, and if you want to take one of those bullpens off, you don't have to throw all three.'"
Nothing is wrong with Price. In fact, his health is in good shape as is his pitching.
"I feel really good with where I'm at right now," Price said. "My first two bullpens were really good. And I don't feel like I've been this far along in Spring Training, probably since back in 2008."
Price said his next bullpen will be Saturday during a live batting-practice session.
"Every pitch for me stems off fastball," Price said. "Right now I don't feel like I've missed a whole lot of spots in my bullpens with my fastball. My breaking stuff has been extremely good, as well. But if I can find that release point early on with my fastball, especially as I have right now, it makes [the breaking stuff] easy. ... I'm ahead of where I've been the last three Spring Trainings."
When asked about Price, Rays manager Joe Maddon said he was fine with the lefty exercising the option extended by Hickey.
"Hick told them all they could throw two out of three times, and that's what he decided to do," said Maddon, noting that only a veteran would be confident enough to take advantage of Hickey's option.
"Know yourself and what you think you need," said Maddon, adding: "Know when to back off and reserve and preserve."


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One year into its promise of greater government transparency, the Obama administration is more often citing exceptions to the nation's open records law to withhold federal records
EDITOR'S NOTE - An occasional look at promises by government officials and how well they are kept.
WASHINGTON | One year into its promise of greater government transparency, the Obama administration is more often citing exceptions to the nation's open records law to withhold federal records even as the number of requests for information declines, according to a review by The Associated Press of agency audits about the Freedom of Information Act.
Among the most frequently cited reasons for keeping records secret: one that Obama specifically told agencies to stop using so frequently. The Freedom of Information Act exception, known as the "deliberative process" exemption, lets the government withhold records that describe its decision-making behind the scenes.
Major agencies cited the exemption at least 70,779 times during the 2009 budget year, up from 47,395 times during President George W. Bush's final full budget year, according to annual reports filed by federal agencies. Obama was president for nine months in the 2009 period.
The government's track record under the Freedom of Information Act is widely considered a principal measurement of how transparently it makes decisions. When Obama promised last year to be more open, he said doing so "encourages accountability through transparency," and said: "My administration is committed to creating an unprecedented level of openness in government."
In a new statement Tuesday, Obama noted the release of White House visitor logs and federal data online in recent months said his administration was recommitted "to be the most open and transparent ever."
"We are proud of these accomplishments, but our work is not done," Obama said. "We will continue to work toward an unmatched level of transparency, participation and accountability across the entire administration."
Also on Tuesday, White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel and White House Counsel Bob Bauer urged agencies to improve their handling of information requests and to assess whether they are devoting the resources needed to respond to requests promptly and cooperatively.
The AP's review of annual Freedom of Information Act reports filed by 17 major agencies found that the administration's use of nearly every one of the law's nine exemptions to withhold information from the public increased during fiscal year 2009, which ended last October.
The agencies cited exemptions at least 466,872 times in budget year 2009, compared with 312,683 times the previous year, the review found. Over the same period, the number of information requests declined by about 11 percent, from 493,610 requests in fiscal 2008 to 444,924 in 2009. Agencies often cite more than one exemption when withholding part or all of the material sought in an open-records request.
The administration has stalled even over records about its own efforts to be more transparent. The AP is still waiting - after nearly three months - for records it requested about the White House's "Open Government Directive," rules it issued in December directing every agency to take immediate, specific steps to open their operations up to the public.
The White House on Tuesday described the directive as "historic," but the Office of Management and Budget still has not responded to AP's request under the Freedom of Information Act to review internal e-mails and other documents related to that effort.
The Federal Aviation Administration cited the deliberative process exemption in refusing AP's request for internal memos on its decisions about data showing collisions between airplanes and birds. The FAA initially tried to withhold the bird-strike database from the public, but later released it under pressure.
The FAA claimed the same exemption to withhold nearly all records about its approval for Air Force One to fly over New York City for publicity shots - a flight that prompted fears in the city of a Sept. 11-style attack.
Other exemptions cover information on national defense and foreign relations, internal agency rules and practices, trade secrets, personal privacy, law enforcement proceedings, supervision of financial institutions and geological information on wells.
One, known as Exemption 3, covers dozens of types of information that Congress shielded from disclosure when passing other laws.
In provisions often vaguely worded and buried deep in legislation, Congress has granted an array of special protection over the years: information related to grand jury investigations, additives in cigarettes, juvenile arrest records, the identities of people applying restricted-use pesticides to their crops, and the locations of historically significant caves. All can be legally withheld from the public.
The chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., was so concerned about what he called "exemption creep" that last year he successfully pressed for a new law that requires exemptions to be "clear and unambiguous."
The federal government cited Exemption 3 protections to withhold information at least 14,442 times in the last budget year, compared with at least 13,599 in the previous one.
Earlier this week, Attorney General Eric Holder said the government is making progress. In a speech Monday at the start of Sunshine Week, when news organizations promote open government and freedom of information, Holder noted that the Justice Department turned over all documents in information requests in more than 1,000 more cases than it had the previous year.
"Put simply, I asked that we make openness the default, not the exception," Holder said. "I'm pleased to report that the disturbing 2008 trend - a reduction in this department's rate of disclosures - has been completely reversed. While we aren't where we need to be just yet, we're certainly on the right path."
Much of the Obama administration's early effort seems to have been aimed at clearing out a backlog of old cases: The number of requests still waiting past deadlines spelled out in the open-records law fell from 124,019 in budget year 2008 to 67,764 at the end of the most recent budget year. There is no way to tell whether people whose cases were closed ultimately received the information they sought.
[ On the Net: Freedom of Information Act annual reports: http://www.justice.gov/oip ]


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Khushiyaan – Episode-125 (Full HD) | Har Pal Geo
Khushiyaan – Episode-125 (Full HD) | Har Pal Geo
This soap talks about the highs and lows of our society. It tells the difference between the good and the bad. We all know that every human being has wishes which are fine until they become obsessions. The story is about how these innocent small wishes become huge greedy fixations. One might even achieve all these goals but the love and relations that he sacrifices for all the glitters and shine haunts him at the end, and he or she finds themselves empty handed.
Cast: Parveen Akbar, Khawaja Saleem, Kunwar Arsalan, Saniya Samshad, Adnan Jeelani, Naeema Garaj, Imran Aslam, Uroosa Qureshi, Sajid hussain Shah, Birjees Farooque
Writer: Huma Nafees and Hina Nafees
Director: Syed Ramesh Rizvi


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Download the exploit here:
- Extract the entire contents of the zip file.
- If you are using Windows, ensure you have installed the latest Samsung USB drivers available for your phone.
- Ensure USB Debugging mode is enabled on your device.
- Connect your device to your PC via USB.
- If you are using Windows, navigate to the extracted directory and execute "run.bat". If you are using Linux or OS X, navigate to the extracted directory in a terminal and execute "./run.sh".
- Approve the ADB connection from your PC on your device.
At this point, since there are no custom recoveries or stock images available, it may not be possible to repair your device should you accidentally break it. Please be aware of this before performing any modifications to your phone.
As always, future OTA updates may remove the ability to regain root access, so proceed with caution when updating. Enjoy!


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Beaky Buzzard, Zionist/Mossad Agent?
The subject is receiving great publicity and it is important that Saudi authorities understand that it is not true. There is also an international treaty of nature protection professionals, that forbids doing things like this.
In the year 689/1291 a document was prepared which contained libels against Sa'd ad-Daula, together with verses from the Qur'an and the history of the prophets, that stated the Jews to be a people whom Allah hath debased…
…empties the vials of hatred on the Jew Sa'd ad-Daula and brings the most implausible accusations against him.
…the agreement for the US airbase at Dhahran permitted Saudi Arabia to exclude any "objectionable'" individuals. The United States was required to submit a detailed list of the names and identities of personnel and employees. Dulles. . . went on to explain why American Jews could not be assigned to an American base. There was an audible gasp when he said that Saudi Arabia practices "very rigorously certain religious doctrines, and they have felt for a long time — it goes back centuries — a very particular animosity toward the Jews because they credited the assassination of Mohammed to a Jew" [i.e., Muhammad's alleged poisoning by a Khyabar Jewess]. Dulles later revised his testimony to read: "a very particular animosity toward the Jews since the time of Mohammed …largely dictated by the strict tenets of the Moslem faith."
Update — Matthew Harrison writes:
Not only do the daft Arabs think the buzzard in question is a Mossad agent, but apparently the lefty anti-Semites right here at home do as well, which was evidenced here by one of HuffPo's "experts" on intel gathering and gadgets.
Page Printed from: http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2011/01/beaky_buzzard_zionistmossad_ag.html at January 07, 2011 – 02:21:28 PM CST


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Getting Bullied at Your Workplace? You're Not Alone
Bullying isn't just limited to kids on a playground — it also affects adults in the workplace. In fact, a recent poll found more than a third of American employees, 53 million in all, have been intimidated, harassed or threatened by a boss or co-worker.
"Usually it's someone who's in a position of authority, who feels threatened by the victim," said John Challenger, CEO of the outplacement firm Challenger, Gray and Christmas. "But [in] some cases, [it's] just a bully who is insecure about his or her job."
He added that workplace bullying can cause lost productivity, higher turnover and a hostile atmosphere in the office, as well as higher absentee rates and depression and stress for the victim. Worse yet, most people never say anything about being bullied because they don't think their company will do anything about it.
So if you're a boss (the non-bullying kind, of course), how can you find out it's going on?
"A good manager needs to be talking with his or her people, listening to what the issues are," Challenger said. "Sometimes, you won't hear it from the person who's the victim, you'll hear it from others."


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By Liz Premo
Hampton Union, November 8, 2013
[The following article is courtesy of the Hampton Union and Seacoast Online.]
Organist David Kenney Sr. is pictured
here next to the Emmons Howard
pipe organ in the sanctuary of
the Hampton United Methodist Church.
The organ, which is almost 110 years old,
was installed at the church 25 years ago.
[Liz Premo photo]
HAMPTON — Oliphant Chuckerbutty would be proud.
The English organist (1884-1960) is among an illustrious coterie of his fellow composers whose work will be featured at an organ concert planned for 2 p.m., Sunday, Nov. 10 at the Hampton United Methodist Church, located at 525 Lafayette Road.
The concert, which is free and open to the public and includes a post-event reception below the sanctuary in Carter Hall, is being held in celebration of the 25th anniversary of the installation of the church's 109-year-old pipe organ.
"It's a very New England organ," according to David Kenney Sr., who has been the church organist for just over a year and — as organists often do — will be "pulling all the stops" at the keyboards during the recital.
Kenney, a speech pathologist who lives in Hampton with his wife Millie and son David Jr., wants the public to know it doesn't mean the concert will be composed of "a bunch of stuffy old junk" and "boring music" written by "stodgy old men who wore powdered wigs."
In fact, anyone who plans on attending Sunday's celebration can expect a satisfying assortment of organ music that embraces both the spiritual and the secular realms, with works ranging from classical to contemporary.
"We're going to do everything from J.S. Bach to George Gershwin," said Kenney. "There will be some music by John Williams of the Boston Pops, and some Armed Forces music in tribute to our veterans. We're going to be doing something for all ages" (including variations on "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star" for the younger set). We'll sing a couple of hymns, and there will be a couple of surprises."
The repertoire will also feature music written by women, including Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, whose younger brother Felix may be somewhat better known but who was a talented (and in some ways more accomplished) composer in her own right.
"We'll let everyone hear every pipe and have a good time, and really truly celebrate," said Kenney, whose genuine affection for the instrument he plays every Sunday leads him to observe, "It's got its own personality, and I love it. It's my buddy."
The pipe organ was built in 1904 in Westfield, Mass., by Emmons Howard. It was first used in the old Methodist Meeting House in Lee (Mass.) until that church closed its doors.
From the Berkshires region the organ — by then in the possession of an auction house — passed through Harrisville to eventually take residence in Hampton a quarter century ago.
"The auctioneer saw that it had value," said Kenney, 44, who has been playing since he first took lessons at age 12. "He kept it in good shape."
It was also a perfect fit for the Hampton church, which needed to make just a few modifications for the complete installation of the instrument and its intricate behind-the-scenes network of metal pipes, movable palettes, wooden rods, hinges, and springs.
"It has 860 pipes, and has two keyboards for the hands and one for the feet," said Kenney, who while playing wears suede-soled shoes specially designed to enhance pedaling technique. All those features add up to a total of "30 pedals and 122 keys for the fingers, 61 notes apiece," he said.
Additionally, "one of the most prominent features is that the organ is all-mechanical action, so it does not necessarily require electricity to be played," Kenney said. "There is an electric blower that supplies air in the reservoir under the pipes, but like all organs it technically could be pumped by hand or foot. Some people call it a 'tracker' organ."
The advantage of tracker organs, Kenney explained, is "when the player presses a pedal or key there is absolute control of how the air goes into the pipes."
Those pipes range in size from eight feet tall and six inches in diameter, to others that "are smaller than a pencil. They're teeny-tiny," said Kenney. On the organ he plays at the church, the two largest pipes have names — "Big Bob" is fixed at "Low C" on the music scale, while "Big Bertha" chimes in as "C-Sharp."
The organ was tuned earlier this week in preparation for Sunday's concert, and Kenney said with such an instrument it is wise to "use all the keys and all the pipes as much as you can. It should be played on a regular basis."
The reason for this, Kenney added, is because dust can easily get into the open ends of the pipes, and "you'll end up with key actions that won't work well because they're sticky. You don't want that at all."
Maintenance aside, Kenney said the concert commemorating the pipe organ's 25th anniversary at his church "is part of a greater celebration for Hampton," which is observing its 375th year in 2013.
"The church has been such an integral part of Hampton for so many years," said Kenney, adding a short anecdote of how it is "known for its great ham-and-bean suppers — and its organ."
Admission to the concert is free, although "we will be accepting a freewill donation," said Kenney. Donations will go into the church's discretionary fund, which purchases groceries and helps pay utility bills for those facing difficult financial times.
"The fund takes care of our community in Hampton, and (funds are) distributed as need arises," said Kenney. "It's not going into an organ fund. We're not asking for more pipes and more keys. We want to invite the community (to) help the community. We want to be the hands and feet of Jesus."


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Changing Channels
Tonight's episode opened with a voice-over from Dean: "Supernatural is filmed before a live studio audience." LOL! "Supernatural: The Sit-Com" had Dean mugging and Sam making exaggerated movements and the bitch-face. I have to say, the theme song was fun—two hunting bros, when demons come out to play—LOL. Also, the bicycle built for two!
Two days earlier, Sam and Dean are investigating a man killed by the Incredible Hulk (Lou Ferrigno, not Bana or Norton. I loved Dean's matter-of-factness following this line of questioning). Sam is pretty quick to identify the Trickster as the baddy, based on the punishment fitting the crime (the vic was a hot-head, you wouldn't like him when he was angry) and candy wrappers at the crime scene. Sam wants to recruit the Trickster's help, thinking the Trickster isn't going to want the world to end, and will work against the demons and angels. Funny that Dean didn't know MySpace a couple of seasons ago and now asks Sam why he wants to be Facebook Friends with the Trickster.
A fake call on the police radio sends them to an abandoned warehouse. When they walk through the door, they're suddenly wearing doctor coats and are in the halls of Seattle Mercy Hospital, the setting of "Dr. Sexy, M.D." Sam is accosted by a female doctor who slaps his face and says "seriously" a lot. Dean points out the characters, including Johnny Drake, who's a ghost in the mind of the sexy-but-neurotic female doctor. The brothers riff about why the show has ghosts, and then Dean goes all fan-boy when Dr. Sexy himself approaches. Dean knocks him off for wearing tennis shoes instead of Dr. Sexy's cowboy boots, and Dr. Sexy morphs into the Trickster.
Sam tries to talk to the Trickster, who says if they survive the next 24 hours, they'll talk. He disappears and Dean and Sam try to escape. When Dean tells a patient at the fake hospital that none of it is real, he shoots Dean in the back. Dean ends up on the operating table with Sam as the surgeon, who asks for a penknife, dental floss and a fifth of whiskey to operate.
The brothers then appear—as in, suddenly—on a Japanese game show called "Nutcracker." They're standing, legs spread, while the host asks questions in Japanese. Sam can't answer, so he gets smacked in the groin by a giant spring-loaded ball. When Castiel appears to save them, he disappears. The host chides them, saying he doesn't want pretty boy angels. Dean decides to play the role and gets the answer right—in Japanese.
Their next appearance is in a commercial for genital herpes. Sam doesn't want to, but the boys realize they have to play their roles to survive. He says his lines, then does a nice lay-up in the basketball game his character is playing.
Back to the sit-com. The Trickster shows up and wants the brothers to take their roles (ahhh) as Lucifer and Michael to get the show on the road, to accept the roles destiny has chosen. If they don't, they'll stay in TV Land.
Next is a procedural cop show, a la CSI. The brothers are dressed hot as hell, in suits, blue shirts and shades. At night. They adopt gravelly voices and toy with the glasses. They joke over the body with a CSI tech who's eating a lollipop, and stab him with a stick. Turned out to be the wrong guy, but when the Trickster shows himself, Sam is there to stab him and the brothers return to reality.
Or….not. Suddenly Sam is the voice of Metallicar, in a Knight Rider take-off. Sam-as-the-car and Dean discuss whether or not the stake didn't work because their nemesis is something else, not a Trickster after all. The Trickster shows up and Sam and Dean light a circle of flames around him. Turns out he's the archangel Gabriel who had left heaven and was happy until the apocalypse began. He blames the brothers for HIS brothers killing each other. He says there's not stopping this, that this war is about 2 brothers who loved each other and betrayed each other.
He says the brothers were born to be the vessels: the big brother, loyal to an absent father, the little brother, rebellious, and that one has to kill the other. Heaven has always known it would come to Sam and Dean.
Gabriel tells them he wished this was a TV show with easy answers, but it's going to end bloody. Oh, dear, not a good sign for the end of the season!
Dean is defiant, but Sam looks worried. Dean does get Castiel back, and accuses Gabriel of being too afraid to stand up to his family of angels. He puts out the fire and the brothers and Cas leave. The ending was a little weak, with the brothers climbing in the car asking what they were going to do and not having an answer.
I really wanted to like this show more. Maybe on a second viewing. What did you think?


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Common Criteria Certification
The Common Criteria for Information Technology Security Evaluation (abbreviated as Common Criteria or CC) is an international standard (ISO/IEC 15408) for computer security certification.
Common Criteria provides assurance that IT security products have been specified and evaluated in a rigorous and repeatable manner and at a level commensurate with the target environment for use.
Originally developed to unify and supersede national IT security certification schemes from several different countries, including the US, Canada, Germany, the UK, France, Australia and New Zealand. Common Criteria is now the widest available mutual recognition of secure IT products.
nCipher delivers security products that have been tested and certified against the rigorous Common Criteria standard, helping you comply with regulations while also giving you the confidence you need in your security solution.


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MONTREAL — Linda Bacon struggled for a long and painful time with body image.
So much so that she went to university to get a master's in psychotherapy, with a specialty in eating disorders, to gain a better understanding of her "psychological problem."
"I went back to school to save myself," the author, professor and researcher told me in a recent conversation.
And save herself she did.
However, the more educated she became (Bacon also earned a master's degree in exercise science, specializing in metabolism, and completed a doctoral program in physiology with a focus on nutrition and weight control), the more she says she found a disconnect between what the experts say and what science tells us.
She developed a program and wrote a book on the whole thing, dispelling myths and explaining some facts on weight and weight loss.
Health at Every Size: The Surprising Truth About Your Weight (BenBella Books) is not new — it was published in 2008 — but the book and the program of the same name have been gaining popularity.
They're also controversial. Things usually are when someone speaks out with a different idea than the norm, no?
On the back cover, for instance, Bacon writes:
"Myth: Fat kills.
"Reality: On average, 'overweight' people live longer than 'normal' weight people."
And there's this:
"Myth: Lose weight, live longer.
"Reality: No study has ever shown that weight loss prolongs life."
The book shows us the scientific proof that led her to those conclusions. And the first four pages are endorsements for Bacon's HAES (Health at Every Size) program, from sources including exercise psychologists, doctors, lawyers and health educators.
On the front cover, there's a quote from The New York Times: "In the long run, the Health at Every Size approach works better than dieting."
One thing that resonates is that we have to change our perception of weight loss. Instead of making thinness the goal, make health the goal.
"You have to take back your power," the articulate and soft-spoken author told me.
"You must change the tape in your head, and when you do that successfully, wonderful things can happen as a result."
Bacon says the more we strive for a "thin ideal," the more it eludes us.
"When you deprive yourself of anything for long periods of time, isn't that the very thing you focus on and crave all the more, the very thing that leads to bingeing and so on?"
Hunger is normal, she says — deprivation is not.
Sadly, we live in a society that says thin is good, fat is bad. We are besieged with images of what we are supposed to look like, when in fact, we are all very different. As Bacon writes in her book: "Our diversity is what makes the world such an exciting place! We can celebrate size diversity in much the same way we are learning to celebrate cultural diversity."
In other words: stop judging people.
But its detractors say HAES can be used as an excuse to stay fat.
To those people, Bacon replies that she has compassion.
"People give too much power to what we see physically. We are so much more than that."
Bacon's desire is to change our culture's focus on physical appearance. In her book, she writes: "Many of us have a disturbing preoccupation with food. … Instead of putting our energy into thinking about how we can improve the world, we obsess about how we can change our bodies."
I asked Bacon to tell me what makes her blood boil. "I feel so sad for people stuck on feeling bad about their weight roller coaster, and such compassion," she answered. "I know how difficult it is to get off. And I get angry at the world that supports it. But there is also such a sense of hope one can tap into: when people are ready to let go and just accept what is, the possibility of happiness opens up."
In Health at Every Size, Bacon gives us a step-by-step outline on making changes geared to living healthier lives, no matter where we are starting from.
It begins with compassion. We have to start by being kind to ourselves. There's a reason why HAES has been called the new peace movement.
Bacon explains our "set point" — "the weight you maintain when you listen and respond to your body's signals of hunger and fullness," she writes. "The weight you maintain when you don't fixate on your weight or food habits. The weight you keep returning to between diets." Something that we alter every time we diet.
She gives us tips on helping to understand how we eat and how much, and gives us outlines of a healthy diet (eat a mostly plant-based diet, get variety and eat real food!).
We came into this world instinctively knowing how much to eat and when. We can get that back.
As for exercise, she says we should get out there and do things that make us happy. Don't put pressure on yourself to join a gym if you are going to hate every minute of it; instead, seek out activities that give you pleasure. Try new things: As Bacon points out, getting on a bike or swimming (or other pool activities) can be great ways to appreciate movement.
The biggest misconception about weight loss, Bacon says, is that trying to lose weight will make it magically happen.
"The research actually shows that intentional weight loss attempts through dieting is a very strong predictor of future weight gain," she told me. "It's when you give up the struggle to lose weight that your body can find a more naturally healthy place to be."
As Bacon writes: "This book's message is that you are the best expert on how to take care of yourself."
Some of us just have to find our way again.
Health at Every Size makes us look at things in a different light. In a message to journalists at the back of the book, Bacon writes: "Recognize that just because something is conventionally accepted doesn't mean it's true."
An open, non-judgmental mind. That's what it's all about.
For more information on Linda Bacon and Health at Every Size, visit lindabacon.org.
Twitter: junieone


text:
Something's Fishy About That Fertilizer
|Areas of Science
Environmental Science
|Time Required
|Long (2-4 weeks)
|This project will require approval from the Scientific Review Committee (SRC) if you use fish or any other vertebrate animal in your experiment.
|Material Availability
|Readily available
|Average ($50 - $100)
|This project requires adult supervision when handling and measuring liquid fertilizer.
AbstractDid you know that when you use fertilizer in your garden, it can eventually reach a lake, stream, or pond? There are many different chemicals present in fertilizers. How will they affect the aquatic organisms in the ecosystem? In this science project you will get to find out!
Test the effects of liquid fertilizer on an aquatic environment containing small aquatic animals and plants.
Share your story with Science Buddies!Yes, I Did This Project! Please log in (or create a free account) to let us know how things went.
Sara Agee, Ph.D., Science Buddies
Cite This PageGeneral citation information is provided here. Be sure to check the formatting, including capitalization, for the method you are using and update your citation, as needed.
MLA Style
APA Style
Last edit date: 2020-06-23
Fertilizers are chemicals that are added to the soil to increase the growth of plants in yards, gardens, or large agricultural facilities. The effect on crops can be increased growth, but fertilizers can have a negative impact on surrounding organisms in the soil.
When a heavily fertilized field is irrigated, excess water can flow along the surface of the land and pick up the fertilizers. This is known as surface runoff. The fertilizer-rich surface runoff can directly flow into nearby streams, lakes, or ponds, like the one shown in Figure 1, below. Additionally, chemicals present in the fertilizer can also infiltrate the ground water system and contaminate it. This polluted ground water can also make its way into nearby ponds, streams, or lakes. What happens to the aquatic organisms that are present in the environment when chemical fertilizers are present? How do the fertilizers affect the organisms' ecosystem?
In this science project you will test the effect of liquid fertilizer on an aquatic environment. Each aquatic environment will be a mixture of small aquatic plants and animals. By adding different brands of fertilizer, you can test how they affect the environment. Which fertilizers are the best choice for the environment?
Terms and Concepts
- Fertilizers
- Surface runoff
- Ground water
- Contamination
- Ground water pollution
- Ecosystem
- How will fertilizer affect an aquatic environment?
- Will all of the organisms be affected similarly or differently?
- Which brand(s) of fertilizer will cause an effect?
- Are organic fertilizers less toxic to aquatic ecosystems?
BibliographyThis project was adapted from the Duckweed Bio-Assay protocol from Cornell University:
- EIP, Date unknown. Assessing Toxic Risk: Student Edition, Environmental Inquiry Program (EIP), Cornell University. Retrieved July 3, 2006.
- Habeck, M., 2006. Toxics, Eco-USA.net. Retrieved July 3, 2006.
- PAN, 2006. The PAN Pesticides Database, Pesticide Action Network (PAN), San Francisco, CA. Retrieved July 3, 2006.
- National Center for Education Statistics. (n.d.). Create a Graph. Retrieved August 19, 2008.
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Materials and Equipment
These items can be purchased from Carolina Biological Supply Company, a Science Buddies Approved Supplier:
- 100 mL graduated cylinder. Alternatively, a metric measuring cup may be used.
- pH test strips
- Small aquatic animals, such as small pond snails or Daphnia (at least 20). Pick one or two different types. Alternatively, these may be available from pet stores, aquarium supply stores, bait shops, or ponds.
- Note If you want to use Daphnia, you should have watering pipets, which are available from Carolina Biological, or medicine droppers, which are available in grocery stores, to easily move the Daphnia from one container to another.
- Small aquatic plants, such as duckweed or Elodea (at least 40 if you are using smaller plants, like duckweed, or at least 12 if you are using larger plants, like Elodea). Pick one or two different types. Alternatively, these may be available from aquarium supply stores, ponds, or plant nurseries.
- Large, sealable, reusable plastic containers with lids, e.g., Glad or Zip-lock (4). These should each hold at least 1400 mL, or about 6 cups.
- Permanent marker for labeling
- Distilled water (2 gal.). This is available in most grocery stores.
- Different brands of liquid fertilizer (3). You can find these at plant nurseries, the plant section of a hardware store, or through online suppliers such as Amazon. These may also be called "plant food," but you will want to confirm with a sales person at the store that these are also considered fertilizers.
- Lab notebook
Disclaimer: Science Buddies participates in affiliate programs with Home Science Tools, Amazon.com, Carolina Biological, and Jameco Electronics. Proceeds from the affiliate programs help support Science Buddies, a 501(c)(3) public charity, and keep our resources free for everyone. Our top priority is student learning. If you have any comments (positive or negative) related to purchases you've made for science projects from recommendations on our site, please let us know. Write to us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Experimental Procedure
- Rinse each container thoroughly with water. Do not use soap because it can coat the plastic container and may be harmful to the organisms in your experiment.
- Assign a number (from 1 to 3) to each fertilizer you use. Use a permanent marker to label the fertilizers' bottles, or just write the numbers you assigned in your lab notebook.
- Label each container "1," "2," or "3" with a permanent marker. Also label one container "Control."
- In your lab notebook, make a data table like Table 1, to record your data in.
- Use a graduated cylinder or metric measuring cup to prepare the solutions for each container according to Table 1. Prepare one container for each fertilizer, making sure the numbers on the containers match the ones you assigned to the fertilizers. In the container you labeled "Control," only fill it with distilled water, but no fertilizer, since it is your positive control. Use bottled distilled water, not tap water, because tap water may contain chemicals, like chlorine or chloramine, harmful to aquatic life.
|Fertilizer Number
|Amount of Water
|Amount of Fertilizer
|Total Volume
|975 mL
|25 mL
|1000 mL
|975 mL
|25 mL
|1000 mL
|975 mL
|25 mL
|1000 mL
|Control (distilled water only)
|1000 mL
|0 mL
|1000 mL
- Check the pH of each container with your pH test strips and record the data in your data table. Also record any observations about the fertilizer or container you put it in.
- Evenly distribute the aquatic animals into each container, putting at least 5 into each container. If you are using more than one type of animal, make sure there is the same number of each animal type in each container.
- If you are using Daphnia, you can use a watering pipet or medicine dropper to move them from one container to another.
- Put 3 to 10 plants into each container, depending on the size of the plant.
- For example, if you are using small duckweed plants, 10 is a good amount, while if you are using the larger Elodea plants, 3 plants in each container is a better amount.
- If you are using duckweed, make sure that each plant has a stem (the part sticking down).
- If you are using large Elodea plants, you can carefully cut them into smaller pieces, about one or two inches long, so it is easier to count their leaves.
- In your lab notebook, make data tables like Table 2 and Table 3. In Table 2, write down the total number of animals in each container. In Table 3, write down the total number of plant leaves in each container.
- Note: If you are using more than one type of animal or plant, you can make another data table like Table 2 or Table 3 and separately record each type of animal or plant in its own data table.
- Each day, for five days, write down your observations in your data tables. Specifically, count and write down the total number of animals that are alive in each container, and the total number of plant leaves in each container.
|Fertilizer Number
|Number of Animals Living
|Day 1
|Day 2
|Day 3
|Day 4
|Day 5
|Control (distilled water only)
|Fertilizer Number
|Number of Leaves on Plants
|Day 1
|Day 2
|Day 3
|Day 4
|Day 5
|Control (distilled water only)
- Graph your results.
- You can make line graphs by hand or on a computer using a program like Create a Graph and then print the graphs out.
- Make one line graph that shows the number of animals living in each container over time. On the horizontal axis (x-axis) put the time (in days). On the vertical axis (y-axis) put the number of animals living. Make a line for each container you tested, including the control.
- Note: If you tested more than one type of animal, you can make a separate graph for each animal type.
- Make one line graph that shows the number of plant leaves in each container over time. On the x-axis put the time and on the y-axis put the number of plant leaves. Make a line for each container you tested, including the control.
- Note: If you tested more than one type of plant, you can make a separate graph for each plant type.
- Analyze your results and see if you can draw conclusions about how the different fertilizers affected the animals and plants.
- Did one type of fertilizer affect the animals more than another type of fertilizer? What about the plants?
- Did the animals and plants respond similarly or differently to the fertilizers?
- Overall, which seemed to be the least toxic? Which seemed to be the most toxic?
If you like this project, you might enjoy exploring these related careers:
Marine BiologistDo you enjoy going to the ocean? Do you like examining all of the marine creatures in tide pools? Do you read up on the different kinds of ocean mammals and fish for fun? If this is the case, then you may be the right fit for a career as a marine biologist. Marine biology is the study of ocean aquatic organisms, their behaviors, and their interactions with the environment. Because this field of study is an intersection of zoology, biology, and technology, marine biologists can apply their knowledge in many different ways. Read more
Environmental ScientistHave you ever noticed that for people with asthma it can sometimes be especially hard to breathe in the middle of a busy city? One reason for this is the exhaust from vehicles. Cars, buses, and motorcycles add pollution to our air, which affects our health. But can pollution impact more than our health? Cutting down trees, or deforestation, can contribute to erosion, which carries off valuable topsoil. But can erosion alter more than the condition of the soil? How does an oil spill harm fish and aquatic plants? How does a population of animals interact with its environment? These are questions that environmental scientists study and try to find answers to. They conduct research or perform investigations to identify and eliminate the sources of pollution or hazards that damage either the environment or human and animal health. Environmental scientists are the stewards of our environment and are committed to keeping it safe for future generations. Read more
Aquacultural ManagerWalk by the supermarket's fresh fish counter and you will see a collection of marine ambassadors from around the world. You might see shrimp from Thailand, salmon from Canada, and flounder from the United States of America. Some of the fish is wild, caught by fishermen from the open seas; but these days, a lot of fish and shellfish is farm raised. Aquacultural managers direct operations on farms and fish hatcheries that cultivate ocean and freshwater fish for human consumption, recreation, and research. The field of aquacultural management is an example of biotechnology. It is the intersection of biology, chemistry, and cutting-edge technical equipment. Read more
AquaristA summer day at the beach can be very relaxing. The sand is warm and the waves lap gently on the shore. But beneath the water's surface is a world that is teeming with rich plant and animal life. For many of us, it isn't possible to experience this world firsthand. But at a public aquarium, we can take a peek and examine close up the beautiful fish and coral. An aquarist cares for the animal and plant life that you see in those aquarium displays. Aquarists make sure that all of the animals and plants in their displays are well fed and free of disease. Read more
- In this experiment you tested different brands of fertilizer, but what about different amounts of fertilizer? Try an experiment making different dilutions of fertilizer in your bowls. What are the exposure limits for each of the different organisms in your study?
- Different fertilizers can have different chemicals in them. Do some research on the types of chemicals commonly found in different fertilizers. Based on your research, predict which chemicals might be more, or less, harmful on aquatic environments. Then repeat this experiment but specifically compare fertilizers with different chemicals in them to test your prediction. Is your prediction correct or incorrect?
- Try these other Science Buddies experiments to test the effects of toxins on aquatic environments:
Share your story with Science Buddies!Yes, I Did This Project! Please log in (or create a free account) to let us know how things went.
Ask an ExpertThe Ask an Expert Forum is intended to be a place where students can go to find answers to science questions that they have been unable to find using other resources. If you have specific questions about your science fair project or science fair, our team of volunteer scientists can help. Our Experts won't do the work for you, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance, and help you troubleshoot.
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text:
Artichokes Stuffed with Beef
(Etli Enginar Dolmasi)
4 large artichokes
4 pieces of tomato
4 tsp butter
2 tbsp crushed tomato (in can) whisk with hot water
150 gr lamb or medium ground beef
4 tbsp rice, washed, drained
4 fresh green onions, finely chopped
1 tomato, peeled, seeds discarded, finely chopped
2 tbsp parsley, chopped
1 tbsp dill, finely chopped
How to prepare the Artichokes:
- Trim the base of stem (picture).
- Cut off the top 1/4 of the artichoke, rub it with lemon (picture).
- Break off two or three rounds of the leaves, then trim off the tips of all the leaves with kitchen scissors (picture).
- Push your thumbs into the center and press to open up the leaves. Scoop out and discard the choke with a spoon. Scoop carefully so that you preserve the bottom and the heart of the artichoke.
Now the artichoke is trimmed. Leave them in the water & lemon juice mixture to prevent discoloration. This method is for medium to large artichokes to fill with stuffing.
Mix all the filling ingredients with a tablespoon. Open up the leaves of the artichokes with your fingers. Stuff the artichokes, but don't overdo it. Leave some room at the top. Then cover with tomato pieces (picture).
Place the artichokes in a small pot. Then put butter on top of each. Now, pour the water mixed with crushed tomato down the side of the pot. The water's level should be the same as artichokes. Cook on medium-low heat for about 30 minutes with the lid half covered or until the artichokes are tender. If necessary, add some hot water into the pot.
Place the artichoke on the service plate and pour some sauce on top. Just remove the hard leaves* with a fork - they will drop off easily, put aside:) Have the delicious filling with the bottom of the artichoke. Serve with Yogurt with Garlic on the side.
Makes 2 servings.
* To avoid to unraveling of the dolma during cooking, you should leave 2 rounds of hard leaves.
Meal Ideas:
- Chicken with Walnuts, Pide, Mosaic Cake with Turkish Coffee.
Labels: Lamb- Beef -Veal


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Any chance of updating the Player Profiles on the main site please?
I'm sure that Lee Frecklington, George Boyd, Dave Hibbert, and Mark Little are no longer with us!
Also didn't we have a player called Dwight Gayle who never even got onto the player profile page?
I'm sure that there will be one or two more additions/departures before too long!
Player Profiles
Post any questions for club officials in this forum.
Moderators: ashman, poshnipper
Post Reply
1 post • Page 1 of 1
Player Profiles
'Everybody needs to have a friend'
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1 post • Page 1 of 1


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Club of the Week
This week's club of the Week is Human Animal Interactions Club! For more information on this club and other CFAES Clubs, see here. ...
Pet of the Week
This week's pet of the week is Rosie Jo! Rosie is a two year old basset hound. She loves to go on walks around campus and chase squirrels. Rosie knows how to sit, lay down, stay, spin, stand on her back legs, and is busy learning new tricks! Her favo ...
The Great Westerville Pumpkin Glow
Westerville Parks and Recreation will again present the Great Westerville Pumpkin Glow at Heritage Park, 60 N. Cleveland Ave. but have made some changes due to social distancing regulations. The event will now be drive-thru and be held Oct. 28-Nov. 1 from ...
Duck Donuts Spooky Box
Duck Donuts has released a spooky box, filled with delicious and spooky doughnuts to get you into the halloween spirit! If the spooky box is too spooky for you, you can get custom made doughnuts in stores. To find which of the three Columbus locations is ...
The Rainfed Agriculture Innovation Network Summer Research Experience for Undergraduates
The Rainfed Agriculture Innovation Network (RAIN) project plans to host a summer Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program (https://www.rainfedag.org/summer-reu). This program is designed to provide future scientists and engineers with the skil ...
Math 2010S Intersections of Mathematics and Society: Hidden Figures
The course Math 2010S Intersections of Mathematics and Society: Hidden Figures (GE: Open Option, Service Learning, Social Diversity in the US [pending], Culture and Ideas [pending]) is being highlighted. It is believed the course not only embodies ...
Ohio State Virtual Graduate and Professional School Fair
The Ohio State Virtual Graduate and Professional School Fair is designed for students who are approaching graduation and ready to apply to an Ohio State graduate or professional school. It is also appropriate for students who are early in their enrollmen ...
November 16, 2020
Welcome to Week 13! ...
Angus Foundation Talon Internship Program
The Angus Foundation is excited to announce applications are being accepted now through December 1 for the Talon Internship Program The internship honors the legacy of the late Camron "Cam" Cooper of the Talon Ranch, Twin Bridges, Montana. Cooper develo ...
Organizational Chart
Animal Sciences Department Organizational Chart- to download pdf click here ...


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The Mapleson Cylinders - Program Notes
|Meyerbeer: LES HUGUENOTS
|Band 1
Act II: Queen's cabaletta: "Ŕ ce mot tout s'anime"
Suzanne Adams (s), Marguerite De Valois
Louise Homer (a), Urbain
Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra--
Phillippe Flon
March 1, 1902
[When loaned by Lionel Mapleson to William Seltsam in late January 1937, this cylinder had no identification, but it was immediately ascribed to Melba--who else could have sung so spectacularly? Seltsam first dated it March 11, 1901, then discovered that, while the cylinder was sung in French, the March 11 performance was in Italian. So the attribution was changed to January 28, 1901, Melba's only other Huguenots during Mapleson's years of recording Met performances. All IRCC issues carried Melba's name on the label.
Not until John Stratton's article in Recorded Sound, July 1968, was the Melba attribution seriously questioned, purely on internal, sonic evidence; Stratton thought Suzanne Adams the likeliest candidate, March 1, 1902, the likeliest performance. The discovery of the Glackens/Bishop inventory furnished documentary support for Stratton's arguments: entry 65 in the inventory comprised the crossed-out line "Adams Huguenots -- Queen Act II (March 1, 1902)," and underneath, this note: "This is just an Orch. selection." Glackens and Bishop must have found the original container for the Huguenots cylinder and listed it on the basis of its exterior markings; then, at their later listening sessions, they discovered that it contained something else (Mapleson evidently mixed up his cylinders and boxes with some frequency), and they failed to connect the container with the cylinder loaned to Seltsam a year earlier. If the two had not become separated, the attribution to Melba would probably never have been made at all.]
In the gardens of the chateau of Chenonceaux. Queen Marguerite De Valois and her entourage are praising the beauties of nature and the joys of love.
Ŕ ce mot tout s'anime
et renaît la nature,
les oiseaux l'ont redit
sous l'épaisse verdure;
le ruisseau le répčte
avec un doux murmure;
la terre, les ondes,
la terre, le cieux
redisent, redisent
nos chants, nos chants,
nos chants amoureux!
Ŕ ce mot tout s'anime, etc.
URBAIN and CHORUS
Terra e ciel favellan dell' amor, si!
Chants amoureux,
chants amoureux,
nos chants, nos chants amoureux!
At that word, all nature
springs, rejoicing.
the birds repeat it
through luxuriant verdure;
the rippling stream repeats it
in gentle murmurs;
the earth, the waves,
the earth, the heavens,
re-echo, re-echo
our songs, our songs,
our songs of love!
At that word, all nature, etc.
URBAIN and CHORUS
All re-echo our songs of love.
Songs of love,
songs of love,
our songs, our songs of love!


text:
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Fashion tanned leather tablets portfolios large size pad folios office gifts
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Suppose I have a base class with a virtual function that simply returns 140.
Now suppose I have a derived class, that extends the base class. Here, I make the virtual function return 230.
Suppose this fucntion is named ret_int().
Now, if I have a function that accepts a pointer to the Base class
that calls the ret_int() function.Code:function(Base * b)
if I pass in a pointer to derived, will it return 140, or 230?


text:
2.1. Orders - Delivery2.1.a. Order PlacementAn order is definitized by clicking "Confirm Order" on "Order Confirmation" web page.
By this actions, the shop gets notified about the new order placement and its detailed information (order number, products, quantity, price, costumer information, shipping info) and meanwhile the costumer receives the above information on an e-mail. By clicking CONFIRM ORDER a unique number is assigned at the order. The customer and the shop can access the order by using this number.2.1.b. Order CostThe total cost of the order is defined by adding the corresponding VAT at the net price (the prices are defined for every product of the e-shop), plus the applicable shipping and package cost. The Customer is charged by the e-shop for the total cost of his/her order.2.1.c. Order DeliveryThe owner of the e-shop is exclusively responsible for the on time and correct delivery of the customer's order. The owner of the e-shop is obligated to inform the customer by e-mail or in any other contact media.2.1.d.. Product AvailabilityArtsound and Lights CO is not responsible for any deficit that may occur to the customer by not proceeding his/her order. Artsound and Lights CO can not be held responsible for products unavailability, that may be displayed at the e-shop.
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2.3.SecurityAll transcactions are proceeded at SSL 128 bit encryption.2.4.Order CancellationIf a customer wishes to cancel his/her order has to send his/her request by e-mail at email@example.com or by fax at +30 2310 949602. Cancellation of an order can only be accepted before the implementation of your order. After the implementation of your order cancellation of order is not available.
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Ring of Fire 1: What Volcanoes Tell Us About Plate Tectonics
|Areas of Science
Big Data
|Time Required
|Long (2-4 weeks)
|Computer with Internet access. Perseverance.
|Material Availability
|Readily available
|Very Low (under $20)
|No issues
AbstractThe Ring of Fire is a region of volcanic and earthquake activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean. In this project you can explore the connection between plate tectonics and volcanic activity by mapping historical data.
ObjectiveThe goal of this project is to map volcanic activity and relate it to the positions of the Earth's tectonic plates.
Share your story with Science Buddies!Yes, I Did This Project! Please log in (or create a free account) to let us know how things went.
Cite This PageGeneral citation information is provided here. Be sure to check the formatting, including capitalization, for the method you are using and update your citation, as needed.
MLA Style
APA Style
Last edit date: 2020-06-23
Today it is widely accepted that the Earth's crust consists of a series of huge plates that slowly move. The low parts of the plates are beneath the world's oceans, and the high parts of the plates are landmasses. New plate material is generated at deep sea ocean ridges in a process called sea-floor spreading. Material from plates is also recycled at trenches, where dense, oceanic crust dives back (subducts) underneath an adjacent plate towards the upper mantle. Figure 1 shows a map of the major tectonic plates.
The theory of plate tectonics revolutionized geology in the 1960s. Before this, geology had been a descriptive science. Mechanisms for large-scale processes such as the formation of mountain ranges were put down to vague "earth forces." Plate tectonics changed that. A series of scientific papers by Harry Hess, Robert Dietz, Fred Vine, Drummond Matthews, and others brought together a growing body of evidence that massive pieces of the earth's surface were constantly on the move. Subduction of one plate beneath another could provide the massive force to produce uplift of mountain ranges. Fifty years earlier, in 1912, Alfred Wegener had proposed his theory of continental drift, and was widely ridiculed. Wegener, like others before him, had noticed that the continents on either side of the Atlantic Ocean had complementary shapes, suggesting that they might have originated much earlier from the same landmass. He had also noted similarities in rock formations on opposite sides of the ocean, and similarities in both living and fossil animals. Wegener did not have a good explanation for how vast chunks of the earth's surface could move relative to one another, and the community of geologists was not ready to accept his ideas (McPhee, 1981-1998; WGBH, 1998).
Figure 1. Map of major tectonic plates of the earth (Tilling, date unknown).
Today we still do not know the mechanism for the motion of the plates, although it is thought that convection of heat from the earth's interior is somehow involved. The evidence that clinched the case for plate tectonics came from detailed mapping studies of paleomagnetism. Rocks containing magnetic material reveal the history of when and where they were formed. As the molten rock cooled, the magnetic particles aligned themselves with the earth's magnetic field at that time. Although the positions of the earth's magnetic poles have changed over the billions years of earth's history, geologists have been able to recreate the time line of those changes. Armed with that information, geologists have been able to map the dates of origin of the oceanic crust, and to confirm that sea-floor spreading at suboceanic ridges and subduction at trenches is a constant process.
How are volcanoes related to tectonic plates? The following paragraph from Annals of the Former World by John McPhee, summarizes the connection quite well:
A seismologist discovered that deep earthquakes under a trench had occurred on a plane that was inclined forty-five degrees into the earth. As ocean floors reach trenches and move on down into the depths to be consumed, the average angle is something like that. Take a knife and cut into an orange at forty-five degrees. To cut straight down would be to produce a straight incision in the orange. If the blade is tilted forty-five degrees, the incision becomes an arc on the surface of the orange. If the knife blade melts inside, little volcanoes will come up through the pores of the skin, and together they will form arcs, island arcs—Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, the New Hebrides, the Lesser Antilles, the Kurils, the Aleutians (McPhee, 1981-1998, 121)
The goal of this project is to collect volcanic activity data and map it. If the plate tectonics theory of volcanic activity is true, then the great majority of volcanic activity should occur at or near boundaries between tectonic plates. What do you think you'll find?
Terms and Concepts
To do this project, you should do research that enables you to understand the following terms and concepts:
- latitude,
- longitude,
- types of volcanic formations:
- caldera,
- cinder cone,
- complex volcano,
- explosion crater,
- fissure vent,
- hornito,
- lava (or volcanic) dome,
- maar,
- pyroclastic cone,
- shield volcano,
- spatter cone,
- somma volcano,
- stratovolcano,
- submarine volcano,
- tuff cone.
- types of volcanic eruptions:
- effusive:
- aa,
- pahoehoe,
- obsidian,
- pillow basalt;
- debris flows:
- lahar,
- debris avalanche;
- geyser,
- hydrovolcanic,
- lava fountain,
- lava lake,
- plinian,
- pyroclastic flow,
- strombolian,
- vulcanian.
- effusive:
- layers of the Earth:
- lithosphere,
- tectonic plate,
- subduction.
- How is subduction of oceanic crust thought to be related to volcanic activity?
- Does your mapped data of volcanic activity support this hypothesis?
BibliographyFor more information on different types of volcanic formations, volcanic eruptions and activity, and plate tectonics, see:
- Tilling, R. I. (1997, January 31). Volcanoes U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
- Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). (1998). Intro to Plate Tectonic Theory. WGBH. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
- Smithsonian. (n.d.). Volcanoes of the World. Global Volcanism Program, Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
- Smithsonian / U. S. Geological Survey. (n.d.). Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report. Global Volcanism Program, Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
- Excel Easy. (n.d.). Excel Easy: #1 Excel tutorial on the net. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
- McPhee, J., 1981-1998. Annals of the Former World. New York, NY: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux.
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Materials and EquipmentTo do this experiment you will need the following materials and equipment:
- world map or regional map with lines of latitude and longitude,
- transparency material at least as large as your map,
- computer with Internet access
- perseverance and attention to detail.
Experimental Procedure
- Gather data on worldwide volcanic activity from the Smithsonian Institute/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report archive (SI/USGS, 2007a).
- For each event, keep track of the following information in a table (or spreadsheet file):
- latitude,
- longitude,
- elevation,
- type of volcanic formation,
- type of volcanic activity.
- The more events from which you collect data, the better.
- For each event, keep track of the following information in a table (or spreadsheet file):
- Data analysis by mapping.
- Think of ways to encode the volcanic data with your map symbols. For example, you could encode the type of volcanic formation with the type of symbol, the type of volcanic activity with the color of the symbol, and the magnitude of the activity with the size of the symbol.
- Compare your volcanic activity data map with maps showing the boundaries of tectonic plates.
- Remember, correlation does not prove causation. A correlation of volcanic activity with known plate boundaries would provide supportive evidence for the plate tectonic theory. A lack of correlation would be significant evidence against the plate tectonic theory.
If you like this project, you might enjoy exploring these related careers:
GeoscientistJust as a doctor uses tools and techniques, like X-rays and stethoscopes, to look inside the human body, geoscientists explore deep inside a much bigger patient—planet Earth. Geoscientists seek to better understand our planet, and to discover natural resources, like water, minerals, and petroleum oil, which are used in everything from shoes, fabrics, roads, roofs, and lotions to fertilizers, food packaging, ink, and CD's. The work of geoscientists affects everyone and everything. Read more
Remote Sensing Scientist or TechnologistHave you ever climbed up high in a tree and then looked at your surroundings? You can learn a lot about your neighborhood by looking down on it. You can see who has a garden, who has a pool, who needs to water their plants, and how your neighbors live. Remote sensing scientists or technologists do a similar thing, except on a larger scale. These professionals apply the principles and methods of remote sensing (using sensors) to analyze data and solve regional, national, and global problems in areas such as natural resource management, urban planning, and climate and weather prediction. Because remote sensing scientists or technologists use a variety of tools, including radio detection and ranging (radar) and light detection and ranging (lidar), to collect data and then store the data in databases, they must be familiar with several different kinds of technologies. Read more
GeographerWhen you hear the word geography, you might think of maps and names of state capitals, but the work of geographers is much more than creating maps and identifying places. Geographers look at how people, places, and Earth are connected. They study the economy, social conditions, climate, and topography of a region to help answer questions in urban and regional planning, business, agriculture, and medicine. Read more
Cartographer or PhotogrammetristMaps can give us much more information than ways to get from A to B. Maps can give us topographic, climate, and even political information. Cartographers and photogrammetrists collect a vast amount of data, such as aerial data and survey data to produce accurate maps and models. For example, by collecting rainfall data, a cartographer can make an accurate model of how rainfall can affect an area's watershed. The maps and models can then be used by policy makers to make informed decisions. Read more
- Questions to consider:
- What types of volcanic events are included in the archive?
- How representative are the data you have collected?
- Is there any correlation between the local shape of volcanic activity and the relative motion of adjacent plates?
- Use the Google Earth program to map your data and make illustrations for your display board. You can download the program from: http://earth.google.com/download-earth.html. You can find a Google Earth placemark file for Holocene (i.e., last 10,000 years) volcanoes at http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/globallists.cfm?listpage=googleearth.
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RCS 1 Captain David Gregory at Talavera 1809. 75mm (1/24th scale) Resin kit sculpted by Alan Perry
This figure is of Captain David Gregory, who was our five times great grandfather. He joined the 45th Nottinghamshire Regiment in 1798 as a Lieutenant, served in the West Indies, joining the York Light Infantry in 1804 for one year. At the end of that service he was made captain in the 45th Foot. He served in the Peninsula and is recorded as taking part in the hard fought Battle of Talavera where the 45th received it's nick name 'The Old Stubborns'. He may have been wounded there as he was back in Britain soon after. He eventually became Lt. Colonel of the regiment at some point before 1830 (we're not sure when) when he died.
We didn't know any of this family history before a few years ago, it came as a complete surprise as did the discovery of his pistol (on sale in America)one day later! It is now a family heirloom.
Copyright © 2020 Perry Miniatures


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Forty years ago, the very idea that rock and roll was worth serious consideration was novel at best. Jazz, blues, classical? Sure. But rock and roll was just dirty kids' stuff. Fodder for the gossip pages, perhaps. but soon, the fissure between pop singer and rock band widened until it became difficult if not impossible to ignore this new cultural force. And, beyond Rolling Stone and few other emerging national publications, it was in places like the Phoenix— the alternative weeklies — that the rock critic found his or her platform. Music coverage is now integral to our mission. And we're fortunate to live in a city that supports a thriving music scene of its own, a destination for any serious touring act. And yet Boston is not LA or New York. It's not an industry center. So there are things that happen on stages here that just don't happen anywhere else. For some artists, it's almost like a second home, which has made for 40 years of great music, unforgettable shows, and legendary performances. Here's our list of the 40 greatest. We thought of many more shows that didn't make the list; every entry sparked memories of half a dozen other great ones. Did anybody we know see Sonic Youth's first show and was it really at Mass Art? What about that notorious Police show at the Rat — the one that purportedly drew only three paying customers? And what about all those all-ages hardcore matinees, especially since every now and again the Del Fuegos or Echo and the Bunnymen played that circuit? We wouldn't have pulled this together if we weren't expecting — no, hoping — that anyone reading it will feel compelled to remind us of all the shows we missed. So add your own Boston rock experiences in the comments sections. Click here to get the list started.
Written by Matt Ashare, Ted Drozdowski, Jon Garelick, Brett Milano, Will Spitz, and Jim Sullivan.
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text: EDC is an acronym that's been gaining momentum in popularity the past couple years and it stands for Every Day Carry. It refers to those items you don't leave home without and always carry with you wherever you go. They can be be as simple as your keys and wallet or as complex as a bail-out-bag with hundreds of items. You can carry these items simply in your pockets or purse or can have a devoted bag/pack to hold them, depending on how much you carry. There is no magic formula for your EDC items, just a snapshot of what you need each and every day. Here's a what I've got in my pockets right now, much of which you can find at www.knifecenter.com.


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I was just reading the latest issue of CDR and they said Alion-Canada teamed up with DAMEN to supply Canada with the De Zeven Provincien Class ships. Alion is fairly unknown so it will be interesting if they are selected over the bigger names of the other bidders. I also wish Canada got 4x Karel Doorman JLSS ships Would have fulfilled the original JSS specs and 4 ship requirement. We could then ignore getting things like an amphibious assault ship because the 4 ships would have provided us with enough capability. Didn't know we had a shot to grab Walrus SSK's over the Oberons though, that would have been sweet! Though right now I am a huge fan of the Stirling AIP A26 SSK's.
Interesting comments on the radars on Wiki https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Zeven_Provinci%C3%ABn-class_frigate
If so,Alion and Damen to supply new LCF's for Canada,they will probably be LCF(The De Zeven)2.0 or at least some adjustments( For example APAR 2.0,etc),since these ships are between 10 and 15 years old right now. It's been going on for so long for Canada,looking for replacements i mean.Always hoped they would buy them(Canada),very capable ships,and 1 of the most beautiful to look at,know that's not important,but still. Well it looks like we're going to get those beauties(A-26 Oceanic Extended Range),but nothing is sure yet.(still hope tho)
What do you mean Colin,I-Band?(X-band offcourse),or do you mean something else?
That the AD radar struggled to pick up small surface or stationary targets until tweaked to lessen it's AD advantages.
The Alion-DAMEN bid was revealed at CANSEC 2017 to a rather lukewarm response because of Alion's lesser name recognition. Regardless they seemed to have a strong pitch with the LCF saying no fundamental changes had to be made. They appear to be on point in delivering exactly what Canada needs, a MOTS design that is proven. - This is all sourced from CDRI personally think the FREMM is the nicest to look at, but the De Zeven is beautiful as well The A-26's would be awesome for Canada because of their now blue water capability. The Netherlands is going to grab A-26's though? That would be pretty sweet.
The Alion-DAMEN bid was revealed at CANSEC 2017 to a rather lukewarm response because of Alion's lesser name recognition. Regardless they seemed to have a strong pitch with the LCF saying no fundamental changes had to be made. They appear to be on point in delivering exactly what Canada needs, a MOTS design that is proven. - This is all sourced from CDR
Not exactly correct and leads to a misunderstanding of the bids. Though the gov't said they wanted a "proven design" to the press what they actually asked for was a "mature design". As was explained to me this was somewhere on the line between napkin sketch of a ship to ship fully operational. Hence why the Type 26 was allowed to compete. The design is complete and the steel is being cut. There is also the requirement to have Canadian requirements for the ship added. This means that whatever ship we get won't quite be MOTS. It's looking like these are in the MOTS+ category. Mature design modified.
You didn't know because we never did, Serger:The Walrus' were designed, then the first laid down in 1979 and launched up to 1985. That is fifteen years after we acquired the "O-boats". We purchased the "O-boats" in 1964, with deliveries from 1965 to 1967.The Walrus' were considered for the replacement of the "O-boats" when the project got underway in 1986. Then the Mulroney government Defence minister asked the Navy to consider nuclear boats, and we looked (and were lobbied) at the French Rubis class and the British Trafalgar class. That put looking at diesel boats on the back burner. Then the wall came down, and so did the economy, and those ambitious plans of the Mulroney government came crashing down in deficit reduction efforts. The Navy tried to resuscitate the submarine program, but by then, Chretien's Liberal's were in power and, being "un Ptit-gars de Shawinigan-Trudeauist", he couldn't care less about the Navy (too British still in his mind) and couldn't understand why you would spend that much money on a submarine Canada didn't need, in his mind. We were lucky to manage to get the Upholders in as stop gap - even if it ended costing much more than it should have (if he had, for instance, accepted to buy them immediately when they were decommissioned and offers first by the RN).Also, the Dutch JSS's are for logistical support, not amphibious assault per se. They do not have the capability to carry troops to carry out the assault. Their facilities are dedicated to housing the logistics personnel and support personnel (such as medical staff, rear area repairs personnel, technicians, etc.), not the fighting troops. So they can't replace the actual amphibs. That's why the Dutch Navy has the Rotterdam class ships for those functions. And the Dutch JSS were looked at for the original Canadian JSS program, but the Navy found them unsuitable because they did not have the fuel transport capacity that the RCN wanted.
Oh lord... I meant Upholder/Victoria... Since I have had Oberon models since I was a kid, they are on my mind often! The nuclear subs never would have happened as they were, the US would have blocked France or UK from providing us with the means if it came down to it. At which point we would have to start our own indigenous reactor from scratch I would imagine $$$$$$$$$. In terms of the Karel Doorman, I just checked and it's got about 1000+ less tonnes of fuel/water, but couldn't we have "Canadianized" it to a point where we could use it for small amphib operations? The deck space is large, the cargo space is large, it has a steel beach stern construction, so it can still use LCAV and LCU at-sea can it not? All I am saying is, am I wrong to think it would be more versatile than the upcoming Queenston. I am also running under the assumption we would have obtained the original planned 4 JSS. But I didn't know that it lacked the proper fuel capacity for true AOR capability, interesting!
Don't worry about mixing up Oberon's and Upholders. We all make mistakes - and in any event it resulted in a teaching moment for those who are unaware of this situation, which is one of the great benefits of these fora. However, concerning your last post: There is no comparison between the Karel Doorman and the Queenston class for the AOR function: You have to compare apples with apples: The KD can carry 8000 cubic meters of fuel, that is 7120 metric tons. The Q can carry 10000 metric tons, so basically 30% more. The difference is even greater for avgas: KD carries 1000 cubic meters, which is 820 metric tons to Q 1300 metric tons, or 50 % more. Cargo and ammo is even worse: KD = 400 tons, Q = 1100 tons.As for flexibility, well Queenston will have some capability to carry army vehicles, though not as much as KD, some hospital facilities, though a little smaller than KD and the capacity to carry some extra support personnel and small number of troops, again even though not as much as KD.However, in the Dutch Navy, they consider the KD as a support vessel for their amphibious forces first and the "AOR" role second. In Canada it's the reverse, which is logical as we have much greater distances to travel with our Task Forces to get to any place where we fight on sea, be it the Med., the Caribbean, the Persian Gulf, etc. The likelihood of the Queenston being required to support land operation when required is very small, whereas fuelling gas guzzling Destroyers and Frigates is going to be the Queenston's daily bread and butter.
You could have 1 of these on each coast and an AOR, the JSS could support more of the coastal ops and arctic, while the AOR do the deep sea stuff. Toss in the Asterix as a AOR relief ship and we have deep capabilities back into the RCN.
That's actually what my "fantasy" Canadian Navy looks like if we do not procure any amphibious assault ships, just seems like our style... I would love if Canada managed to get itself 18 surface combatants (6 for AAW), if the Dewolfs can replace the Kingstons, then 12 of em'! And 12 A-26 SSK's with 5 at-sea-replenishment capable ships (2 Queenstons, 2 Karel Doormans, 1 Asterix). I would also love if we could help our Northern communities grow and provide at least some more deep sea ports... Tuktoyaktuk, Cambridge Bay, Resolute, Rankin Inlet (Or re-invest in Churchill which will never happen), finish Nanisivik! Start Iqaluit! I would also love if we could start something similar to the Australian Marine Complex so we could centralize a lot of our industry on one of our coasts so that many companies can use the space for shipbuilding and keep business and tech healthy. But boots and so much more first. Sorry for that unnecessary rant of fantasy procurement excitement.Do the Dutch have any LHD ship designs? I know Canada tried to procure those two Mistrals, and Naval Group is probably privately trying to pitch at least their more HADR minded Mistral 140 design to us and many others nations. I know DAMEN provides the Rotterdam LPD (is it an LPD?), what would the differences be in what we would require. Like say... A new battalion for over-seas rapid deployment, helicopter differences (would we need an attack helicopter at all?), how many would we need for an LHD vs LPD (Say if an LHD could hold 10x Cyclones total +the hangar, would we need to buy... 12 or more?), etc. Basically I am unaware of the fundamental differences in mission purpose and capability between the two. I know there are zero plans now to my knowledge for any amphibious assault ships, but I still think it would be possible if the global atmosphere changes a bit more (Northwest passage opening up, more submarine activity etc), as with getting more submarines.Sorry for the lack of knowledge, I just love shipbuilding, infrastructure, warships, but I know diddly about the details.


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Cell & Molecular Physiology
UNC-Chapel Hill
Cancer Cell Biology
Area of interest
Many physiology processes depend upon the regulated movement of cells. Examples include embryological morphogenesis, wound healing and targeting of immune cells to sites of infection. However, when cell motility goes awry, this can result in serious pathologies. The inappropriate movement of cancer cells during metastasis is one example; the movement of cells into the lumen of an artery during restenosis is another. My lab studies the molecular basis of normal, regulated cell motility to understand how this fundamental process is controlled and how it is subverted to give rise to pathological situations. We have focused on the actin cytoskeleton, which is largely responsible for establishing the shape of the cell and for controlling the changes in shape that occur when a cell crawls. It is thought that rapid polymerization of actin at the cell's leading edge is responsible for pushing the front of the cell forward, while actin microfilaments in the body of the cell simultaneously undergo contraction in order to pull the rest of the cell up. Our goal is to identify the molecular mechanisms that regulate both the protrusive assembly and the contractility of actin filaments.
Currently, we are focusing much attention on a novel protein that was discovered in the Otey lab and named palladin. Palladin has many features suggesting that it plays a critical role in regulating actin dynamics. First, it closely co-localizes with actin-rich structures in a variety of cell types. Second, it binds to a large number of proteins that are known to control actin assembly. Third, its presence is required in order for a cell to maintain its actin cytoskeleton: when palladin expression is inhibited in a cultured cell, that cell's cytoskeleton completely disassembles. Conversely, when palladin is overexpressed in a cultured cell, this stimulates the formation of super-robust actin arrays.
Projects in the lab utilize a combination of biochemistry and molecular biology to explore palladin function in both cultured cell and animal models, using palladin as a unique tool to learn about mechanisms of cell motility. Currently, we and our collaborators are exploring palladin's role in cancer metastasis. Microarray results from multiple labs have shown that palladin is part of the "molecular signature of cell invasion", suggesting that palladin may be upregulated specifically in the metastatic sub-population of cancer cells. We are working with human tumor-derived cell lines and samples from cancer patients to understand palladin's role in invasive cancers, including breast cancer.
Recently, the Otey lab participated in a multi-lab collaborative effort that implicated palladin in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which is an unusually deadly cancer. This study was focused on a large family with an exceptionally high incidence of familial pancreatic cancer. In this kindred, a point mutation in the palladin gene was found in the affected members of the family, and not in the unaffected members, suggesting that palladin mis-regulation might have a critical role in promoting tumor formation. Current efforts are focused on understand the role of palladin in both inherited and non-inherited (sporadic) forms of pancreatic cancer, with the goal of using this information to improve methods for early diagnosis of the disease.
Awards and Honors
1997 Deans Award for Excellence in Medical Education


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I'm wondering whether it's possible to use Image Capture to scan over WiFi with my EPSON All-in-One SX620FW? If so, how can I set it up?
I've found instructions from someone claiming it works with their EPSON PX710W, but I haven't been able to replicate these. I can scan without problems over WiFi using the bundled EPSON Scan application, but am wondering if and how I could use Image Capture instead.


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Family identifies woman killed in fire, explosion at J.J.'s
Megan Cramer described as poet, social activist
The family of Megan Cramer released a public letter identifying her as the woman who died in Tuesday's fire and explosion that destroyed a Kansas City restaurant.
City officials have not yet confirmed the victim is Cramer, saying they are waiting for an official determination from the medical examiner, but Cramer was an employee at the restaurant on Tuesday night and has not been accounted for.
Her family described her as a poet, writer, attorney, social activist and server who worked and lived on the Country Club Plaza.
Cramer, 46, had been a Kansas City resident for 26 years. Her family said she was a graduate of UMKC and the UMKC Law School and had spent many hours as a law student working for the Center for the Study of Capital Punishment to assist prisoners on Missouri's death row.
She also helped found the first chapter of the Lesbian and Gay Student Group at UMKC.
Cramer's family said she was born in Emporia, Kan., and moved to Springfield, Mo., just three months later. Her family still lives there, the letter said.
The family said after practicing law, she returned to her love of working with people and took jobs at the Melting Pot on the Plaza and later to J.J.'s. A friend said she had been working at J.J.'s for about a year and a half.
"She was part of this family, and everyone who worked here was part of this family," said J.J.'s owner Jimmy Frantze. "This is a devastating situation (aside from) the fact that's it's devastating because the building blew up."
The family said Cramer loved people, books, films, writing, reading and painting. She loved summer poetry and writing classes at the Provincetown Fine Arts Center on Cape Cod and had attended them with her family for a decade.
The family requested privacy as they deal with the loss.