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Joseph Aiello
Joseph Aiello was Al Capone's most bitter rival. Each wanted control of Chicago's Unione Siciliana and the enormous profits its "alky cookers" generated during Prohibition. The St. Valentine's Day Massacre, plus the rise and fall of Aiello play out in this final segment of Chicago's decade of slaughter.
by Allan May
While the Aiello-Capone war over control of the local Unione Siciliana was raging in Chicago, the ''Big Fellow'' himself was taking in the sunshine of southern Florida. Capone had taken his wife and son to Miami in early 1928. Once the sensation of his presence in the Sunshine State had passed, Capone set about finding a suitable home for himself and his family. He chose a 14-room, two-story, white-stucco, Spanish-style home that was, ironically, built for beer brewing magnate Clarence M. Busch of St. Louis. The home was located on what was called Palm Island, a part of Miami Beach. Capone spent an additional $100,000 on home improvements, including the construction of a swimming pool that was said to be the largest private pool in the state.
Capone left the warmth and comfort of Florida to return to Chicago to oversee the mayhem that became part of the April 1928 primary election. Dubbed the ''Pineapple Primary,'' due to the number of bombs that exploded during it, one of the more important battles in the election was for a seat on the Board of Review. Said to be a ''tax-setting plum,'' the Capone forces were backing Unione Siciliana figurehead Bernard Barasa. Despite the number of explosions connected with his campaign, Barasa lost to the incumbent by over 100,000 votes.
After the primary, Capone headed back to Miami Beach to direct the renovation efforts at his Palm Island estate, leaving his Chicago rackets in the hands of his chief lieutenant Frank Nitti. In late June 1928, Jake Guzik, Dan Serritella and Charley Fischetti traveled to Florida to meet with the boss. They were soon joined by ''Machine Gun Jack'' McGurn and the killing twins, Anselmi and Scalise, who had recently been acquitted of killing two Chicago police officers. At this meeting the treachery of Frank Uale, the national president of the Unione Siciliana in New York, was discussed and his fate decided.
Capone's next visit to Chicago was for the funeral of Anthony Lombardo, the Capone-sponsored president of Chicago's Unione Siciliana who had been murdered by the Aiello forces in September 1928. After seeing to the ascension of Pasqualino Lolordo to the presidency of the Unione Siciliana, now the Italo-American National Union, Capone again headed south.
Pasqualino Lolordo
While Capone was on his way out of Chicago, Joe Aiello was headed back in. Meeting with his new allies on the North Side, Aiello still had fatalistic aspirations of climbing into the president's role of the Unione. The first obstacle in his way was Lolordo.
Less than a month after returning from the Statler Hotel debacle in Cleveland, Lolordo was overseeing Unione business. On Tuesday, Jan. 8, 1929, Lolordo and his wife Aleina returned from a trip downtown. When they arrived home they were met by two men outside their apartment that Mrs. Lolordo ''had seen many times, but whose names she didn't know.'' The four climbed the stairs to the Lolordos' opulent third-floor suite where Aleina prepared a meal.
After lunch the two guests departed and five minutes later there was knock at the Lolordo door. Three men entered and were cordially welcomed by Lolordo. While Aleina ironed clothes in the kitchen and a black maid scrubbed the floors, the four men talked business and laughed in the living room. As she worked, Aleina could hear the tinkle of glasses as the men toasted each other during the conversation.
At approximately 4 p.m. she heard the men push back their chairs as they stood up. While delivering one more toast, two of the men pulled out .38 caliber guns and without any warning shot Lolordo 11 times, the bullets piercing his face, neck and chest. Aleina rushed into the living room to see her husband lying on the floor covered with blood.
The three men then exited the apartment, leaving one .38 on the living-room floor and the other on the second-floor landing. Just minutes after the murder, Anna Lolordo, the wife of Joseph Lolordo, the former bodyguard of Anthony Lombardo, arrived. Anna pulled Aleina away from her deceased husband and they called a local mortuary. The drivers walked in, saw the bullet-riddled remains, and called the police.
When police arrived they discovered three half-filled wineglasses on a table; the fourth glass was smashed, its fragments still in Lolordo's hand. Police tired to contact the victim's brother Joseph, but were told by his wife that he was out of town. One of the early rumors was that Joseph was present at the time his brother was murdered and wounded in the attack.
In searching the apartment the police found a sawed-off shotgun and a draft of a new constitution for the North West Italian-American club. Included in the draft was a goal to ''improve the education of its members, morally, economically and socially by means of conferences and discussion and by any other means at hand.'' The police, within an hour of the murder, raided three pool halls on West Grand Avenue that were alleged hangouts for Aiello gunmen. Aleina was taken to the police station where she viewed the 18 men who were brought in, but was unable to identify any of them.
The Chicago Daily Tribune reported that on the evening of the murder that Dan Serritella spoke with Aleina at the detective bureau after which she identified Joe Aiello from a photograph as one of the men present at her husband's murder. The following day the newspaper ran a follow-up story reporting several inaccuracies about recent Unione Siciliana activities and printing a few assumptions made by the police. Included in this article, in which the leadership of the Unione Siciliana was referred to as a ''dictatorship over the Sicilians in Chicago,'' were the following statements:
''Once Aiello had shared Lombardo's offices and, with Al Capone as a silent member, they ruled as a triumvirate. Aiello rebelled and sought to set up a dictatorship of his own, his domain being principally the north side. Lombardo had the followers of Capone do his violence; Aiello allied himself with Capone's enemies, the George Moran gang.
''Capone, it appears, wasn't interested in the small pickings from the Sicilians and Italians, but in the larger field of booze and vice domination. But when Aiello deserted he joined the vice interests of Jack Zuta and other west siders.
''Then Lombardo was killed. Two months ago twenty-three Italians and Sicilians of Chicago were arrested in a hotel in Cleveland, O., all of them armed. Just recently police have learned that the meeting was called for the purpose of selecting a successor to Lombardo. Aiello wasn't there, the police version continues, but he had agreed to be present. It developed that it was Aiello who notified the police of Cleveland that a gang of Chicago gunmen could be found in the hotel. Aiello, police declare, had hoped thereby to settle the question of Chicago leadership.'''
The article went on to claim that the police were told that Aiello had recently returned to Chicago and had suggested a truce whereby Lolordo had invited him to discuss the terms.
In his book, Mr. Capone, author Robert J. Schoenberg wrote: ''Early reports said that Aleina had identified a picture of Joe Aiello as one of the three visitors. 'She didn't identify anyone,' said John Stege, by now deputy police chief. 'I don't know how that report got started. It was the same in this case as in other cases – no identification, no aid.'''
Many crime historians still maintain that Aiello was one of the three men present at the time of the murder and that the two shooters were Frank and Peter Gusenberg. Schoenberg suggests the third man was North Sider James Clark. What is interesting is that whether it was Aiello or Clark with the Gusenbergs that day, why was Lolordo so cordial toward them? By this time it was believed Aiello was behind the murder of Lombardo and that the Gusenberg brothers were the killers. Was Lolordo acting out of fear? Is it possible that the Lolordo brothers were in on the plot to murder Lombardo and were playing both sides of the fence? The men who preceded the killers into Lolordo's apartment for lunch that day were never identified. Had they gone there to set Lolordo up? These questions remain unanswered.
Joseph ''Hop Toad'' Guinta
The murders of Anthony Lombardo and Pasqualino Lolordo and the belief by Capone that Aiello had orchestrated the killings with the backing of George ''Bugs'' Moran and his North Side gang incited Capone to drastic action. From his Florida home, working with chief gunman Jack McGurn, Capone plotted the infamous retaliation that would become known around the world as the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. On the morning of Feb. 14, 1929, six of Moran's men, including the Gusenberg brothers and James Clark, and one gang hanger-on were slaughtered in a garage on North Clark Street. Moran was believed to be on his way to the garage when he spotted the executioners, disguised as police officers, entering the garage. Moran was never again a factor in the Chicago underworld.
Joseph Guinta, who had accompanied Pasqualino Lolordo to the Cleveland meeting, assumed leadership of the Unione Siciliana. Robert Schoenberg describes Guinta: ''A dandified hyperactive, Guinta loved power and dancing, his gyrations in aid of both pursuits so frequent and frenzied many called him 'Hop Toad.' His elaborate dress, his cocky demeanor and exhibitionism all spoke of a vanity that could make a twenty-six-year-old listen to whisperings of unlikely ambition.''
In John Kobler's Capone, the author states that after Anselmi and Scalise were acquitted in June 1927 of murdering the police officers, Capone threw a party to celebrate. Kobler claims, ''The life of the party was a flip, strutting, bandboxical Sicilian gunman, a crony of Scalise and Anselmi, Giuseppe Giunta (sic), called Hop Toad because of his nimbleness on a dance floor.''
Capone biographers tell conflicting accounts of what transpired next. There is some confusion as to who was leading whom into a deceitful plot against Capone that would eventually cost all the primary participants their lives.
Kenneth Allsop, in his 1961 classic The Bootleggers, discusses Aiello's continuing efforts to kill Capone: ''These included the wooing of Scalise and Anselmi. Promising them positions of command once Capone was liquidated and the regional Mafia was under his authority, Aiello persuaded them to urge upon Capone that Guinta would be an admirable replacement for Lolordo in the Unione throne.''
This would seem to indicate that Aiello and Guinta were already in cahoots. Lawrence Bergreen, in his somewhat slanted biography, Capone: The Man and the Era, bolstered this claim: ''What brought Capone back (from Florida) against his better judgment was an appalling rumor that Scalise and Anselmi, the Sicilian gunmen who helped carry out the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, had suddenly shifted their loyalty away from Capone and toward the new head of the Unione Siciliana, Joseph ''Hop Toad'' Guinta, who had formed an alliance with another enemy of Capone, Joseph Aiello.''
The turn of events that brought Aiello, Anselmi, Guinta and Scalise together to initiate a murder plot against Capone has never been made clear. What is known is that Guinta, as president of the Unione Siciliana, did align himself with Anselmi and Scalise. Some reports have it that Scalise was named vice president of the organization. Shortly after the massacre there was a marked change in Scalise. Rumors began to abound about him. One was that he was heard to brag that he was the ''most powerful'' man in Chicago. Some believe that he now ran the Unione Siciliana and that Guinta was his puppet. If this were true, it would account for his ''most powerful'' image of himself. While this alone would not mark him for death, what transpired next certainly did.
Scalise had been spotted in a Waukegan restaurant meeting with Joe Aiello. A waiter at the restaurant reportedly revealed this clandestine meeting to a Capone gang member. It was alleged that Anselmi and Scalise would kill Capone for the $50,000 bounty that Aiello was offering. Them Anselmi and Scalise would control Capone's empire, Guinta would oversee the Unione, and Aiello would have the North Side.
The story goes that when Capone was informed of this plot he was still not convinced of Anselmi and Scalise's treachery. Capone, the man who had once saved the two killer's lives at the sake of peace with Hymie Weiss, demanded more proof. He returned from Florida to get it. Sometime in late April or early May 1929, Capone invited Anselmi and Scalise to join him for dinner along Capone's bodyguard, Frank Rio. During the meal Capone and Rio faked a falling out. After a fabricated argument, Rio slapped Capone across the face and stormed out of the restaurant. Taken in by the charade, Anselmi and Scalise met with Rio the following day and let him in on their plot with Aiello and Guinta to murder Capone. Over the next three days Anselmi and Scalise met with Rio to discuss the plan.
Capone now had his confirmation of Anselmi and Scalise's treachery. Schoenberg describes what followed:
''…Capone's hurt fury demanded more than instant vengeance. 'It was Nitti's idea,' says George Meyer (a onetime Capone driver). 'I was in an office and Capone came in with Nitti and Joe Fischetti.' They started to talk and Meyer got up to leave, thinking the big shots wanted privacy. 'Stick around,' Capone told Meyer. 'You're gonna know about it anyway.' Nitti suggested a banquet for the outfit's top people, the three plotters guests of honor. The preceding gaiety and sense of camaraderie and security would make the subsequent terror all the more exquisite.
''Invitations were issued for Tuesday night, May 7, at The Plantation, a roadhouse and casino that dripped Old South magnolia charm near Hammond, Ind., just over the line from Burnham, Johnny Torrio's first suburban colony. The banquet would be in a private back room. ''We frisked everyone going in as usual,' says Meyer''
It was a routine night for Hammond police officers Louis Tebodo and Charles Plant. They were returning a couple of prisoners to the station when two large automobiles sped past them headed towards Chicago at the corner of Sheffield Avenue and Hohman Street. After depositing their prisoners at the Hammond jail they returned to the area where the cars had passed them. As they drove around the vicinity they came across an abandoned automobile. The officers looked inside. Under a brown blanket they found the bodies of Anselmi and Guinta. A short distance away lay the body of Scalise.
The death car had been stolen on April 17. The license plate came from another car stolen the last week of March. Police and the newspapers immediately surmised that ''Bugs'' Moran and Joe Aiello committed the murders in retaliation for the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. However, on May 9, the Chicago Daily Tribune was already reporting that from ''Sicilian'' sources the police had been told:
''The three Chicago Sicilians slain near Hammond Tuesday night were the victims of a quartet of their countrymen who, according to police theory last night, aimed in that way to secure peace in the control of rich booze and vice profits.
''According to this report, the triple slaying was not in reprisal for the St. Valentine day massacre (sic) of seven Moran gangsters. The three were killed because they were reaching out with extortionate hands for the rum running profits and levying tribute on tradesmen in legitimate lines of business. The authorities were further informed that the slayings were done in Indiana as an evidence of good will toward the Chicago police.''
The article went on to say that the three were lured to the Indiana roadhouse to be slain by four other men. Just who furnished this information to the police is of some interest. It is amazing that in less than 24 hours after the murders they had such an accurate account of not only what happened – but why. With no by-line on the Tribune story, one has to wonder if reporter Jake Lingle was involved based on his close relationship to Capone and the Chicago underworld. The mystery is how the motive for the murders was discovered so quickly.
What is not clear is the number of people who were present at the time of the murders. The movies always show the banquet room filled with tuxedoed mobsters just before the Capone character produces a baseball bat and begins swinging.
The murders themselves must have been terrifying as well as brutal for the three traitors. The legend has Capone savagely beating each of them with a baseball bat. That Capone did the actual beating was never proven, just assumed. Dr. Eli S. Jones, the coroner of Lake County, Ind., in his examination surmised that after the men were clobbered their assailants shot them to finish them off: ''Scalise threw up his hand to cover his face and a bullet cut off his little finger, before crashing into his eye. Another bullet crashed into his jaw and he fell from his chair. Meanwhile, the other killers – there must have been three or four – had fired on Guinta and Anselmi, disabling them. A bullet broke Anselmi's right arm. When their victims fell to the floor, their assailants stood over them and fired several shots in their backs.''
After the autopsies the bodies of the three men were returned to Chicago. The remains of Anselmi and Scalise were returned to their families in Sicily for burial – Anselmi in Marsala and Scalise in Castelvertrano. Guinta was taken to the funeral parlor of famed mortician and politician John Sbarbaro.
A side note to the Tribune reporting of the murders. In two consecutive articles following the killings the newspaper refers to two meetings of the national Unione Siciliana taking place in Cleveland, Ohio. It is know that one took place in December 1928. But the paper claims that, ''A meeting of Sicilian rulers of various cities was said to have been held in Cleveland last week,'' which would have meant the first week of May 1929. No other information regarding this second meeting has ever surfaced.
Joseph Aiello
Capone historian Kenneth Allsop gives us an early look at Joe Aiello and his brothers in The Bootleggers: ''The Aiello's gang was a family business. There were nine of them – Joe, Dominick, Antonio and Andrew ruled the roustabouts – and also numerous cousins of the same name. Their entry into bootlegging was via supplying wholesale sugar for the Genna brothers' alky-cooking syndicate. After the Gennas had been cut to pieces and disbanded in 1925, Joe Aiello pieced the organization together to keep Chicago's worst and cheapest rotgut liquor flowing, and the brothers ruled the illiterate peasant families who were their scab labor force with the same kind of harsh paternalism that the Gennas had practiced. But an obstacle to their complete domination of the Little Italy community was the nomination of Antonio Lombardo, by Capone, to the presidency of the Unione Siciliana following the deaths of Angelo Genna and Sam Samoots Amatuna.''
Following the death of Lolordo, there was confusion in the minds of organized crime historians about the leadership of the Unione Siciliana. In Capone, John Kobler mistakenly claims that after the murder of Lolordo, ''Joe Aiello finally won the presidency of the Unione Siciliana. He held it almost a year.''
Right after the murders of Anselmi, Guinta and Scalise, Capone headed to Atlantic City for a crime conference that was in part organized by his former boss, Johnny Torrio. Lawrence Bergreen in Capone: The Man and the Era, states that Capone was dictated to that Aiello would head the Chicago branch of the Unione Siciliana. The author claims that this was part of a 14-point peace initiative that only Bergreen seems to know about.
After the conference, Capone went to Philadelphia where he allowed himself and his bodyguard, Frank Rio, to be arrested for carrying concealed weapons. It was never clear if this idea was Capone's or if it was done at the suggestion of Torrio, Frank Costello, or Lucky Luciano. (Their respective biographers give the credit for the idea to their own subject.) The general feeling was that the slaughter in Chicago had brought too much heat and unwanted publicity down on the underworld and perhaps if Capone were to take a ''short vacation'' it would blow over.
Robert Schoenberg states that while Capone was serving his one-year sentence in Pennsylvania, ''Joe Aiello had returned to follow Guinta as head of the Unione, which automatically gave him a renewed power base, inspiring him to resurrect dreams of getting Capone. Gossip put him again plotting with Moran – who wisely stayed clear of Chicago…''
There is virtually no information on the activities of Joe Aiello from his attempts to conspire with Anselmi, Guinta and Scalise in April 1929, until his death in September 1930. If Aiello did anything with his ''renewed power base'' or ''resurrected dreams,'' Schoenberg did not say what, nor did any other writer or historian.
Around Sept. 10, 1930 Aiello secreted himself at the rooming house of Pasquale Prestogiacomo. Nicknamed ''Patsy Presto,'' Prestogiacomo was the treasurer and manager of the Italio-American Importing Company of which Aiello was the reputed president. The young daughter of Prestogiacomo, Frances, would later testify that ''Mr. Joe,'' as she called him, ''never went out of the house,'' during his two-week stay.
Aiello remained at the Prestogiacomo rooming house at 205 Kolmar Avenue until Thursday evening, Sept. 23. Reported to have a ticket to Mexico City in his pocket, he asked Frances to call a taxicab to the rooming house. When the cab arrived the driver, James Ruane, went into the rooming house, but could not find a doorbell for the name Presto. Returning to his cab, Ruane turned his spotlight on the building and noticed ''four or five shadowy figures'' near a front window. When Ruane returned to the rooming house and ''kicked'' on the door Aiello appeared.
Aiello followed a few steps behind Ruane on the way to the cab. The driver opened the door for Aiello. As Ruane waited he noticed a window being raised across the street in a second-floor apartment. A dark figure then raised a machinegun and opened fire. Ruane heard Aiello groan after being hit with a burst of fire. He ''saw the figure of Aiello rolling, pitching, and staggering south a few feet toward a possible haven.''
Reaching for his gun Aiello cried out, but his words were unintelligible. He made it around the corner of the rooming house, only to be greeted by another hail of bullets coming from a second machinegun nest that had been set up on the third floor of another apartment building. These shooters were firing almost straight down on their helpless victim. A police officer later said Aiello was filled ''with a ton of lead.'' As it turned out, it was only a pound. The coroner removed 59 slugs from his body.
After the guns silenced, Ruane ran to Aiello. With the help of a motorcycle patrolman they carried Aiello to the cab and sped off to Garfield Park Hospital. Aiello was dead on arrival.
An investigation discovered that a ''Morris Friend'' and a ''Henry Jacobs'' had rented the two apartments right after Aiello had taken refuge at the Prestogiacomo rooming house, and had been waiting for him to appear the whole time. A search of the Kolmar Avenue apartment shooting nest, the one facing the rooming house, disclosed ''at least 1,000 cigarette stubs,'' a half-eaten box of candy, a pair of rubber gloves and a silk glove. Also found was a copy of Rudyard Kipling's book, Soldiers Three opened to the chapter, ''His Chance in Life.''
Across the street in the Prestogiacomo home, the walls and the front door were perforated with bullets. A basement flat was also peppered; the occupants had missed the lead downpour by just two minutes. Following the shooting, Prestogiacomo disappeared and went into hiding. Police believed he might have tipped off the killers to Aiello's whereabouts, or to his plans to flee. During the coroner's inquest, Prestogiacomo's lawyer promised he would surrender his client.
Joe Aiello was the eighth person to hold the title of president of the Unione Siciliana since May 1921 – and the eighth to die. Of these dead presidents only Mike Merlo died of natural causes. In John Kobler's Capone, he claims that ''Aiello's Capone-supported successor, a macaroni manufacturer named Agostino Loverdo, also reigned for a year before he was killed in a Cicero dive.''
The prestige, power and mystique that the presidency of the Chicago Unione Siciliana held seemed to dissipate after the murder of Joe Aiello. Perhaps control of the alky cookers who made up a large percentage of the membership held less significance to Capone's overall liquor income with the real product pouring into Chicago almost unheeded from Canada, Detroit, and the East Coast. After all, even going back to the Genna brothers days, this locally produced alcohol was always considered an inferior ''rot gut'' liquor product.
As a political entity, the Unione Siciliana continued until at least the mid-1940s. Virgil W. Peterson, head of the Chicago Crime Commission, in his 1952 gem, Barbarians in Our Midst, wrote the final chapter of this society that caused so much death and destruction during the Roaring Twenties:
''The Italo-American National Union, frequently called the Unione Siciliana, was utilized to advance the cause of Capone candidates for political office. Phil D'Andrea testified that from 1934 to 1941 he was president of the Unione Siciliana and was responsible for bringing his friends, Tony Accardo, Charles Fischetti, Paul Ricca, John Capone and Nick Circella (alias Nick Dean), into this organization as members. D'Andrea, who was very influential in First Ward politics, brought before the Unione Siciliana as speakers those political candidates who apparently had the blessing of the Capone syndicate.
''Paul Ricca testified that he continued to pay his membership dues in the Unione Siciliana until he was committed to the Federal penitentiary in December 1943. During part of the time that Ricca was active in the Unione Siciliana, Joseph Bulger, an attorney, was its president.
''The exploitation of the Unione Siciliana, a benevolent association, for the advancement of the Capone organization was not peculiar to Chicago. In New York, Frank Costello, Lucky Luciano and other gangsters became powerful in Unione Siciliana activities, as did gangsters in many of the other large American municipalities.''
Allan May's e-mail address is: email@example.com


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About the El Dorado Hills Community Services District (CSD)
The El Dorado Hills Community Services District was formed on May 21, 1962 by County Board of Supervisors Resolution No. 98-62 and under Government Code §61600 as an independent special district. The CSD serves a large, densely developed suburban population located east of the Sacramento County Line and mostly north of Highway 50. Major access roads/inhabited corridors include Highway 50, El Dorado Hills Boulevard, Silva Valley Parkway, Green Valley Road, Francisco Drive, Salmon Falls Road, Bass Lake Road and Latrobe Road. The EDHCSD boundary encompasses approximately 28 square miles (18,028 square acres) and the District serves the most populated community in the county.
The CSD owns and manages over 294 acres of land including 191 acres of parks and 127 acres of open space. Fifteen of our parks remain undeveloped, while work on new parks continues. We have a full time staff of 26 park and recreation professionals and support staff, in addition to over 150 part time and seasonal employees. Our annual budget is over $8 million.
Mission Vision and Core Values
Click here to view our Mission & Vision Statement
Sphere of Influence
The area within our current Community Services District and sphere of influence is about 31 square miles (20,157 square acres). Our sphere of influence includes areas that may be considered for annexation to the District, or may be amended from time to time by the El Dorado County Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO.)
The physical characteristics of the CSD offer tremendous opportunities for recreation. Much of El Dorado Hills consists of gently rolling to steep terrain, and because flat ground is rare and there are few opportunities for traditional parklands with large turf areas.
Two major north-south trending ridgelines form two long valleys that drain to New York Creek (the American River Watershed) as it flows north to Folsom Lake. From approximately Harvard Way, the two valleys drain south to the Cosumnes River Watershed. Residential development has occurred throughout the area on all but the steepest hillsides, which remain as open space and contribute to the rural character of the community.
Registration is Easy!
- How to Register for Classes & Activities
- Register Online
- Register by Mail, Fax, or Walk-in
- For more information or to register by phone call 916.933.6624 (press 0)
M-F, 8am-5pm
Senior Center Info
Learn more about our Senior Center located at 990 Lassen Lane in El Dorado Hills
(916) 614-3200
M-F, 9am-4pm
A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Government Aid Available to Seniors
[Click Here]
Did You Know?
We were awarded the District Transparency Certificate of Excellence for 2013 and 2014 by the Special District Leadership Foundation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Brazil Threatens to Cancel Boeing Order Over NSA SpyingSep 7th 2013
Brazilian President Dilma Roussef reportedly isn't happy with the United States right now, and Chicago could feel the effects.
In response to a report that the U.S. National Security Agency spied on her emails and phone calls during the Edward Snowden scandal, a source told Reuters she might cancel her White House meeting next month and take some choice actions.
The latter could mean ruling out the purchase of F-18 Super Hornet fighters from Boeing Co, based in Chicago, the source said.
It's too early to tell what might happen, but reports flew Thursday that President Barack Obama was late to a G-20 summit dinner to smooth things over with Roussef.
Obama apparently stressed the importance of the United States' relationship with Brazil and explained the nature of the NSA's efforts.
According to the Wall Street Journal Roussef has asked for an apology and a written explanation for the spying.
As of Thursday the Brazilian president reportedly had stopped plans for the U.S. visit.


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Recommended Links
The following are links to recommended organizations and web sites that provide information on learning disabilities, ADHD, and other issues.
You can also see this list organized by type of organization, by focus, or by audience.
U. S. Department of Education: Migrant Education Program
The goal of the Migrant Education Program is to ensure that all migrant students reach challenging academic standards and graduate with a high school diploma (or complete a GED) that prepares them for responsible citizenship, further learning, and productive employment.
U. S. Department of Education: Migrant Student Records Exchange Initiative
The Migrant Student Information Exchange (MSIX) is the technology that allows States to share educational and health information on migrant children who travel from State to State and who as a result, have student records in multiple States' information systems.
U.S. Census: School Enrollment
School enrollment captures the population who report being enrolled in a regular school. A regular school advances a person towards an elementary school certificate, high school diploma, or college, university, or professional school (such as law or medicine) degree.
U.S. Citizen and Immigration Service: Information for New Immigrants
Links to a booklet, "Welcome to the United States." The booklet covers basic information about housing, jobs, education and healthcare in the U.S. Downloadable in multiple languages.
U.S. Community Colleges by State
This directory hosted by the University of Texas at Austin offers a comprehensive listing of community colleges in each state.
The mission of the U. S. Department of Education is to ensure equal access to education and to promote educational excellence for all Americans. The Department WebSite includes information on funding, research, publications, and programs.
U.S. Department of Education: ELL Literacy and Language Development
One-page informational sheet, "English Language Learners: Literacy and Language Development" that includes information on the research-supported importance of developing ELLs' oral language skills.
U.S. Department of Education: Family Involvement Case Study
Additionally, the U.S. Deptartment of Education also features a case study on Hueco Elementary School in El Paso, TX that describes the process the school went through to increase parent involvement and develop better partnerships with their Spanish-speaking families. This article is part of the Department's online archive.
U.S. Department of Education: Financial Aid Website
U.S. Department of Education's Financial Aid homepage.
U.S. Department of Education: Healthy Start, Grow Smart Series
The "Healthy Start, Grow Smart" series was an initiative of Laura and George W. Bush and sponsored by the Texas Department of Health. It offers downloadable Word and PDF documents in English and Spanish that offer parents advice for caring for babies from birth to 12 months of age.
U.S. Department of Education: Helping Your Child Series
The U.S. Department of Education's "Helping Your Child" publication series offers downloadable PDF booklets and brochures in English and Spanish with practical lessons and activities to help preschool and elementary school children to master reading, understand the value of homework, and develop important skills and values.
U.S. Department of Education: High School Equivalency Program (HEP)
The High School Equivalency Program (HEP) helps migratory and seasonal farmworkers (or children of such workers) who are 16 years of age or older and not currently enrolled in school to obtain the equivalent of a high school diploma and, subsequently, to gain employment or begin postsecondary education or training
U.S. Department of Education: Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
The Office of Elementary and Secondary Education strives to promote academic excellence, enhance educational opportunities and equity for all of America's children and families, and to improve the quality of teaching and learning by providing leadership, technical assistance and financial support.
U.S. Department of Education: Office of Migrant Education
The mission of the Office of Migrant Education (OME) is to provide excellent leadership, technical assistance, and financial support to improve the educational opportunities and academic success of migrant children, youth, agricultural workers and fishers, and their families.
U.S. Department of Education: Office of Special Education Programs
The Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) is a component of the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS), which is one of the principal components of the U.S. Department of Education (ED). OSEP's mission and organization focus on the free, appropriate public education of children and youth with disabilities from birth through age 21. OSEP is a major funder of Reading Rockets.
U.S. Department of Education: Resources For Parents
This main page for parents leads parents through important issues in their child's education, such as school involvement and finanical aid. There are also helpful downloadable guides and pamphlets.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
The Department of Health and Human Services is the United States government's principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Administration for Children and Families
The Administration for Children and Families (ACF), within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is responsible for federal programs that promote the economic and social well-being of families, children, individuals, and communities.
U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement
Resources and information from the U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement, a U.S. Department of Health and Human Services agency.
U.S. Refugee Admissions Program
A national network of 10 U.S. resettlement agencies offering assistance to refugee families.


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When scared goes beyond Halloween: Phobias are fears that overwhelm, affect behavior
What started out as a quiet evening at home last fall turned into a nightmare when Orianah Fast discovered an intruder in her Grand Forks, N.D., apartment.
She was watching TV, when she heard noises from her bedroom. Her two "super mellow, lazy cats" were hissing and running around, she said, likely playing with catnip toys.
"It sounded like they were pulling pages from a comic book and jumping from wall to wall," she said. When she investigated, she saw the cats had knocked a bed pillow to the floor. Sprawling on the bed, she tried to get the larger cat to play.
From a distance, the cat just stared at the pillow. So, Fast picked it up and found a coiled "ball python," several inches in diameter and about 4 to 6 feet in length.
"I jumped up, screaming at the top of my lungs and crying," she said. "I wasn't able to control my emotions."
She ran for help - "all the while hyperventilating and freaking out" - pounding on neighbors' doors. Eventually, a man answered and came to her aid. He scooped the snake into a plastic bag and told Fast it was probably sleeping.
"That obviously didn't make me feel any better, but he tried."
Like many Americans, Fast has a phobia that she can't necessarily understand but that is nonetheless real. Whether it's snakes or heights or an uneasy feeling when the elevator door closes, phobias can range from mildly embarrassing to completely debilitating.
Fast later learned that the snake, which belonged to her next-door neighbor, had escaped its cage and slithered through a heating vent system. Even though it was removed from her apartment, Fast was unable to sleep there for the next three nights.
"I was beyond creeped out. I just couldn't calm down. I just didn't want to be there."
When she did return, she moved the bedroom furniture, so her bed would be further from the spot where she found the snake. That "deep fear" lingered for about three weeks, she said.
Since her "discovery," when she enters the room, "I always look in that direction. But I tried to ignore it."
But phobias may stem from something we have no memory of - rooted in "unconscious memory," said Dr. Ric Ferraro, Chester Fritz Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of North Dakota.
"We have what's called 'infantile amnesia.' When you ask someone what's the earliest memory they can think of and ask their age (then), most people will say 3 or 4 years old. If someone tries to recall an earlier memory, even back to their birth, that's a hazy area."
Fear - like happiness - is an emotion we are born with, he said.
A fear rises to the level of phobia "when it starts to restrict behavior," he said, "even to the point when it's harmful to oneself."
Fast has no idea what caused her intense fear of snakes. Her earliest related memory is when, at age 7 or 8, she was walking with her mother near their rural home and they came across a snake.
"She picked it up, as though to teach me about it," she said. "I freaked out. I don't know what happened. I have no idea why I freaked out. It was only a garter snake.
"I don't know what made me so fearful - maybe because snakes can squeeze (the life out of a creature), their bite can be poisonous or they can crawl in anywhere they want," she speculated.
Fanning her phobia growing up, "my brothers would tease me about it," she said. "Our dog would drag snakes home, and they would toss them at me to get a rise out of me."
"Phobias typically affect us negatively," said Ferraro. "They can cause people to alter or restrict their behavior.
"For example, if you're afraid of water, you can probably drink it or bathe in it, but you may not swim for fear of drowning."
"If you fear the color red and you come to my office, and it's painted red, you'll have a very distinctive reaction: you may be sweating, you may have to sit down - much like PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder).
"In some cases, you don't need the actual (fear) stimulus. For example, if war veterans (who suffer from PTSD) hear a car backfire, they'll respond accordingly."
"Many things can trigger many behaviors," he said. He told of a case about a smartphone that had been left on a conference table; it showed an image of a spider. Someone beat the device with a shoe.
Some phobias are driven by superstition, such as fear of the number 13, he said. People with this fear may not drive on 13th Avenue.
"If a person has an appointment on a building's 13th floor, they'll just leave. They may not leave the house on days with the numbers 1 and 3 in them."
"If something bad happens on the 13th, they attribute it to (the date)," he said, as a way "to explain things they don't understand."
Phobias are often paired with something negative, he said. "It's often tied to something that's happened.
"If, as a child, you were bit by a German shepherd, you may be afraid of (that breed). It's an association that we've made. Even if the German shepherd is friendly, you're still afraid."
Among the several treatment approaches, "exposure therapy is very popular," Ferraro said. "If you were afraid of spiders, you'd be exposed to them gradually, in a piecemeal way.
"You might be given a picture of a spider, then see a spider in a cage. Somebody would hold out a spider for you to touch. It's done incrementally.
"It sounds ironic: you're exposed to the thing you hate."
If a phobia is causing someone "to alter or restrict behavior, they should at least go get it checked," he said.
Fast said she has no plans to seek treatment for her phobia.
"I don't think I'm going to get over it," she said. Until she recently, she says she "didn't realize how shaky and upset I got about it. It really shakes me up just talking about it."
She has "no interest in getting over the fear," she said. "It doesn't limit me. It's not something I'm interested in. I have no desire to touch a snake."
It's something she can live with.
"I don't think it affects my life too much - other than the fear that it might happen again," she said.
"It's one of those phobias I think I can avoid. If I were to go into a pet store or a zoo, I would purposely avoid it."
Having fulfilled her one-year apartment lease agreement, she's moving to another place this month.
"I'm glad we're moving," she said. "If I could have moved (after the incident), I definitely would have."
-Air: Anemophobia.
-13 (the number): Triskadekaphobia.
-Beds (or going to bed): Clinophobia .
-Clouds: Nephophobia.
-Clowns: Coulrophobia.
-Dolls: Pediophobia.
-Dust: Amathophobia.
-Everything: Panophobia.
-Halloween: Samhainophobia.
-Peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth: Arachibutyrophobia.
-Fear of confined spaces.
-Fear of dentists.
-Fear of going to the doctor.
-Fear of death or dying.
-Fear of failure.
-Fear of fire.
-Fear of heights.
-Fear of injections.
-Fear of spiders.
-Fear of pain.
Explore further
©2013 Grand Forks Herald (Grand Forks, N.D.)
Distributed by MCT Information Services


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Earlham's Studies in Cross Cultural Education (SICE) program provides students a unique opportunity to learn about Japan by participating in a Japanese community. Students become a member of a local school by serving as a foreign language (English) teaching assistant. About ten students participate in SICE every year. The program is located in Morioka, Iwate Prefecture, in the Tohoku region of Japan.
Students live with host families during their stay in Morioka. Each student is provided with a private room and is expected to take part in family meals at breakfast and dinner. Host families make the student a part of the family, often planning weekend trips and outings together.
During the semester, students travel to the Tohoku coastline including the city of Miyako and the village of Tanohata. Students meet with government officials to discuss the recovery efforts following the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami; tour some of the devastated areas and learn about risk management planning for the future; and visit households and businesses that have a long relationship with Earlham College.
Click here to apply online for the Japan SICE Program.
Students earn a total of 18 semester credits for the successful completion of the program. The following courses will be offered:
In addition to these courses, students are required to participate in a variety of group activities, including concerts, festivals, and trips to historic sites. Participants are responsible for negotiating credits with their academic advisor before departure.
Students accepted to the SICE Program in Japan are required to participate in Cross-Cultural Explorations - Pre (1 credit) prior to departure and Cross-Cultural Explorations - Post (1 credit) after they return. Pre-departure sessions are designed to prepare students for the cross-cultural experience and will include readings, activities, films, lectures, and discussions with former participants of the program. A weekend retreat is part of this course. Students and parents will receive a Handbook of important information prior to the program. Following return to campus, students will participate in a 7-week course that will guide them in processing, analyzing and building upon their off-campus experience. Credit for Cross-Cultural Explorations - Pre is dependent upon successful completion of the semester program.
Program fees are equal to tuition, room, and board for one semester at Earlham. The program covers academic and educational costs, including tuition, field excursions, accommodations, meals, and administrative costs during the program.
Students on financial aid may apply their aid to one Earlham or Earlham-approved study abroad program during their college career.
Each student must budget for additional money to cover round-trip airfare, passport and visa fees, personal expenses, such as books, gifts, and costs during independent travel periods.
Students will be responsible for making their own travel plans, both to and from the program, as well as during any independent travel periods. Information on travel and flight reservations will be available during the orientation.
The language requirement is one year of college level Japanese or the equivalent. Students are encouraged to continue their language study until departing for Japan. Undergraduate students in good academic standing are eligible to apply.


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Thammasat University: Graduation
Equipment used:
Canon 10-22mm
Sigma 10mm F2.8 Fisheye
Nodal Ninja 3
Khun Phan's House (Central Thai's Style Woodhouse)
Khun Phan's House (Central Thai's style woodhouse) near Wat Phra Si Sanphet. Featuring ViewAt co-founder couple and Thai's panoramic photographers...
Chulalongkorn University Graduation Day
Congratulation Nong Jah :-)
Chulalongkorn University Graduation Day
VR Speech at NECTEC
VR Speech at NECTEC
Chulalongkorn University Graduation Day
BUIC CG&MM Generation 4
Bangkok University International College, Computer Graphic and Multimedia Major. The Forth Generation.
Chulalongkorn University Graduation Day
52 Female monks sculpture, Thepthidaram Temple Bangkok
Wat Thepthidaram, Bangkok-Thailand Believed to be the only place in Thailand with ,52, female monks sculpture .
Wat Arun (Temple of the Dawn) - Bangkok - Thailand
Wat Arun was built in the days of Thailand's ancient capital of Ayutthaya, and was originally known as Wat Makok ("Olive Temple"). Despite its name...
The Erawan Museum - Thailand
This Three-headed elephant : Arivata, was born of khun Lek Viriyapant's ideas and imagination.
Golden Mountain, Wat Saket
Golden Mount. @ Wat Saket, Bangkok A classic landmark from early Bangkok establish. Contain relic of Holy Buddha. You can spot this place easily...
Intaram Temple
Wat Kallayanee, Bangkok
Wat Kallayanee is located on the Chawpraya river bank. Gigantic Buddha image is highly respected by Buddhism around Thailand. This temple and...
Sheraton Hua Hin Resort & Spa
The thing I hate about long weekend is having to go to Hua Hin because it seems like everybody in Bangkok is going to be there. We were heading to...
Thammasat University: Graduation
The Studio 002
Thepthidaram Temple with Halo around the sun.
Theptidaram Temple Theptida in Thai mean "Angel" I was very surprise to see giant halo surrounding sun at noon above temple of angel.
The Studio 001
Mahanaga Restaurant Bangkok
Upon entering the restaurant, you can tell there is something different here. From the parking lot, there is a little foyer with a fountain that...


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Floyd Mayweather is still unbeatable.
In a majority decision—with one judge somehow ruling a draw, but we'll get to that later—Mayweather defeated Canelo Alvarez Saturday night to improve to 45-0 and stay undefeated.
Even though the fight went the distance, Mayweather was in clear control from the beginning. Alvarez wasn't able to put much of anything together, and when he did land hits on Mayweather—specifically in round 10, when he had Mayweather on the ropes for all of eight seconds—it was too late. Mayweather didn't look that sweaty by the end of the bout, while Alvarez's exhaustion was evident in his matted hair and breathing as he did his post-match interview.
About that majority decision, which was the most notable controversy of the fight: C.J. Ross, a judge whose name has been affiliated with questionable decisions before—like the atrocious scoring of 2012's Pacquiao-Bradley—somehow scored this fight a draw. Anyone watching at home could have picked a winner. Ross's score, read first, elicited a puzzled look from Mayweather (and entourage member Justin Bieber).
Ignoring that blemish, it was clear that Mayweather manhandled Alvarez. This 36-year-old version of Floyd Mayweather might not be knocking out opponents like he once did, but he still has that ridiculous speed and accuracy which easily gave him the victory Saturday night.
Photo: Al Bello/Getty Images


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Last update: June 22, 2015
Controlling your Computing Environment
TACC resources, like all UNIX systems, set up a default environment with the ability to execute additional commands to alter the environment. The default setup is controlled by system and user files that your shell executes before you see the shell prompt.
On all TACC computers, your environment is controlled with the open source Modules utility. At login, "
module" commands set up a basic environment for the default compilers, tools, and libraries. For example: the
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH variables and directory locations (
$HOME) etc. These environment variables are automatically kept up-to-date when system and application software is upgraded.
Users that require 3rd party applications, special libraries, and tools for their projects can quickly tailor their environment with only the applications and tools they need. Using Modules to define a specific application environment allows you to keep your environment free from the clutter of all the application environments you don't need.
Each of the major TACC applications has a modulefile that sets, unsets, appends to, or prepends to environment variables such as
$INCLUDE_PATH, and
$MANPATH for the specific application. Each modulefile also sets application-specific functions and aliases. The general format of the module command is:
login1$ module load modulename
modulename designates the software package to load. Most package directories are in the "
/opt/apps" (
$APPS) and each package directory contains subdirectories for specific versions of the package. As an example, let us consider the
fftw3 package. The FFTW3 library requires several environment variables for its installation directory, libraries, include files, and documentation. These environment variables can all be set by typing:
login1$ module load fftw3
The environment variables
$TACC_FFTW3_INC, and
$TACC_FFTW3_LIB are now set in your environment, and you can use them in e.g. Makefiles when compiling other software. To see a list of available modules, a synopsis of a particular modulefile's operations (in this case, fftw3), or a list of currently loaded modules, respectively, execute the following commands:
login1$ module avail login1$ module help fftw3 login1$ module list
By default, TACC systems load the "TACC" module, which loads default compiler (pgi) and the default mpi stack (Mvapich) modules, among others. You are free to change the default compiler and mpi stack either at login via your shell's startup files or through interactive commands.
Module System
The software environment on TACC resources are powerful but complex. In most cases, we support two main compiler suites (PGI and Intel), and three MPI stacks (Mvapich, Mvapich2, Openmpi). Since each MPI stack must be built against each of the supported compilers, the result is a 2x3 matrix of compiler/MPI combinations, and a minimum of six different builds of any given higher-level software package (e.g. PETSc) which depends on both the compiler and MPI stack.
A great deal of this complexity is effectively hidden by the module system. Since you can only have one compiler and one MPI module active at any given time, typing 'module avail' will only show you the subset of all the available software builds that is actually relevant to your particular compiler/MPI stack combination.
On October 20, 2009, a new module software package, called Lmod, was installed on all TACC systems. Lmod has been under development and testing on TACC systems since May 12, 2009, and is now the default for all users. Users should notice very little change from the previous module command. The main advantage the new module system provides is automatic reloading of an entire module hierarchy when a single module anywhere in the hierarchy is changed.
For example, you can now switch from the Intel compiler to the PGI compiler, and any dependent modules, such as the MPI stack, will be automatically reloaded. Under the old module system, to change compilers you had to unload any MPI-dependent libraries such as FFTW2 or PETSc, then unload the MPI library, then unload the compiler, then finally load the new compiler, MPI, and MPI-dependent libraries. This was a time-consuming and error-prone process. Suppose you have just logged in and you have the default compiler (PGI) and MPI stack (Mvapich) loaded. Your program uses the FFT library FFTW2:
login1$ module load fftw2
Now, suppose that you wish to try the Intel compiler and use the same MPI stack and FFTW2, so you do:
login1$ module swap pgi intel Due to MODULEPATH changes the follow modules have been reloaded: 1) mvapich 2) fftw2
Lmod automatically unloads the pgi versions of Mvapich and fftw2 and loads their intel versions. Not all software combinations exist. For example, there is no version of fftw2 installed for the Intel/Mvapich2 pairing. If you type:
login1$ module swap mvapich mvapich2 Inactive Modules: 1) fftw2
This command's output reveals that there is no
fftw2 module for the Intel compiler and the Mvapich2 MPI stack. Now if you switch back to Mvapich:
login1$ module swap mvapich2 mvapich Activating Modules: 1) fftw2
The Lmod module system remembers inactive modules and activates them when the situation allows.
For more information on Lmod please see Lmod: Environmental Modules System.


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Web Money Gets Laundering Rule
The U.S. is applying money-laundering rules to "virtual currencies," amid growing concern that new forms of cash bought on the Internet are being used to fund illicit activities. Jeffrey Sparshott reports. Photo: AP.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... fascinating story on C1 today about the way that joblessness went to the moment that will ... cease ... to ... be calling a well known in in this bicycle to people using ... policies beyond that the classic ones we think about to engage in transactions online and if the spouse took the oath of that story is with us from DC ... what is the government doing to to deal with this and this was the talking lots of money when it was like that ... prior to the first ... this is the first effort at the federal government has made to want to bring ... virtual currencies and the regulatory told him what they've said is that ... existing rules on money laundering apply to virtual currencies aam they don't specifically naming the currency but it seems quite clear ... that that that point is is one that they have in mind ... write ... on API China's new story was of those equipment because they can talk about well the reality is people use taxis to voters not just the coins all sorts of ... of transactions in such ... that they did not have some of this school activity going on there has there been some evidence ... there's been evidence that the corn is used to to to buy illegal drugs stomped into it in gambling in things like that ... there's no smoking gun on actual money laundering at this point I think this is the government trying to to get out ahead of the curve a little bit on that ... and aam and also just sit to make sure that these companies in the providers around the pickling ecosystem are aware that a weak that you know Ryan ... write in some states you could say it said Mr. this maturity yet I mean is that it does ... inevitably draw all forms of calmness including a label called this the plus side the sea that they can use it to the threat ... exactly and and getting ... quite a few people that I spoke with also said that one of the reasons that that that the clinic ... pickling dollar exchange rate appreciated so much with the past couple days is because a mean ... this essentially says that pay the federal government recognizes that work for currency and and and I were the jet ... as fast as this was the since they are still a tiny ... portion of ... a global icon seeks to address ... it's it's very small I mean if if ... if you look at ... what's on the web right now and the number of records held on the exchange rate it's it's less than a billion dollars its nineteen seventy eight hundred million dollars meanwhile in dollars on ... just one of the foreign currency market is worth four trillion dollars to die in terms of the ... unit official currencies ... I'm ... the what what what did I thought was inched in the new new new new faces in reference to Cyprus in and out of course is a big story we will be that US unilaterally showed that ... the costs of Cyprus the big story there is that they're looking to shut down bank account this is the stuff but I imagine ... leads to that ... the people have about ... trusting governments in the currencies ... it did these things are factoring in the way people living in the summer these ... alternatives ... it could give us a small an illiquid market at this point I mean there there can be wild fluctuations just based on someone's mood then you might not necessarily be Cyprus but this is clearly has been chatter that ... that one of the things that you know people are ... looking declines are not necessarily always in that as as I'm ... a means to buy something but as an investment as it is almost a commodity to put their money in there and hold it and hope we'll appreciate ... and then cash out later down the road so I mean that there could be a lot of factors in Cyprus or uncertainty about the global banking system could could well be one of the reasons are pushing up ... the exchange rate ... rise


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Less than two years after publishing its first issue, the online open-access journal mBio is now ranked among the top 20 highest-impact microbiology journals according to Thomson Reuters, which has just released its Journal Citation Reports for 2011. Thomson Reuters tracks the number of times scholarly articles are cited by other authors and compiles the information into "impact factors", rough measures of the quality or standing of a journal within its field. Since the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) launched mBio in April 2010, it already boasts an impact factor of 5.311 and ranks 16th among all microbiology-centered journals.
mBio is ASM's first broad-scope open-access journal and is published solely online. Among the journal's other distinguishing features is its streamlined decision policy, a response to what many in science perceive to be overly onerous revision requirements by many study reviewers. Using a rigorous peer-review process with an eye to importance and impact, mBio offers authors an up or down decision on manuscripts and will request only minor revisions. The average time to first decision for all mBio manuscripts (excluding those editorially rejected) is 23 days.
In its short history, mBio has published a number of studies and opinion pieces that have garnered national and international attention, in such media outlets as the New York Times, MSNBC, and CNN. An article published in February 2011 by scientists at Northwestern University was the first to reveal the presence of human DNA in a bacterium, the pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a genetic entanglement that many thought was not possible and contributes to our understanding of how pathogens and hosts can evolve together. The news about gonorrhea was picked up by bloggers and writers for the national press.
mBio published another high-profile article in February 2012 which revealed that one type of MRSA, a bacterium that causes invasive skin infections, most likely acquired its resistance to antibiotics while it lived in livestock. The findings illustrated the best evidence to date linking antibiotic use on the farm and antibiotic resistance in an organism that can cause lethal infections in humans. The article added fuel to an already fiery debate about the wisdom and ethics of using antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock.
Editor-in-Chief, Arturo Casadevall, says that the goal for the next year is a continued focus on identifying highly important papers.
While the journal rankings by Thomson Reuters are not the final word on journal quality, they do offer authors guidance on which journals are more likely to garner attention from other scientists in their particular field. ASM expects that mBio's streamlined editorial process, rigorous review process, and high caliber research studies will continue to provide readers with a quality publication and will propel the journal even further up the impact factor rankings in 2012.
|Contact: Jim Sliwa
American Society for Microbiology


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Consider a topological space $X$. Let us consider a universal covering space to be a covering $ p : \tilde{X} \rightarrow X$ which is a covering of all other covering spaces. (Perhaps I should call this an initial covering space). That is, for any other covering space $ q : Y \rightarrow X$, there is a map $f : \tilde{X} \rightarrow Y$ such that $p = q \circ f$.
Question: Does there exist a space $X$ which is not semilocally simply connected with a universal covering space in this sense? Such a covering space is necessarily not simply connected.
I've seen some papers by Brazas, Biss, Cannon and Conner, but I couldn't see how to especially use their results in finding such an example. I'd expect such an example to be in the literature somewhere. Could somebody give me a reference in this case?
One idea is to find a non semilocally simply connected space $X$ with finite fundamental group, e.g. $\mathbb{Z}_2$. In this case, it might be possible that $X$ itself acts as a universal covering space.


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Clarksville TN Online is the voice of the people of Clarksville Tennessee.Clarksville Online takes you beyond the ordinary in local news and gives the Extras: political coverage, opinion pieces and editorial work, local and regional arts and theater, municipal and county news and events, and more.
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Clarksville, TN – In a room filled with family, friends, coworkers and public officials, Sgt Johnny Ferguson, Clarksville Police Department, was presented with a Lifesaver Award for his quick and decisive actions which saved a 51 year old man's life.
On September 10th, 2012, Sergeant Ferguson responded to 422 Parker Drive where Tommy Bowles had collapsed and was not breathing. When he arrived he found the man was lying in the doorway, with no pulse, and he had turned blue.
Tommy and Mary Bowles congratulating Sgt. Johnny Ferguson after he received the award for saving his Tommy Bowles' life.
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Josh Beckett hammered, booed off field at Fenway after golf uproar
(AP) BOSTON - Josh Beckett must have lasted longer on the golf course than he did on the mound.
The embattled Red Sox ace was booed off the field at Fenway Park when he was pulled after just 2 1-3 ineffective innings Thursday night against Cleveland.
Hours earlier, Boston manager Bobby Valentine downplayed the uproar over Beckett's golf outing last week, which came a day after he was scratched from his scheduled start because of stiffness.
Already in hot water with Red Sox fans when the story surfaced that Beckett was hitting the links with his sore lat, Beckett was jeered early and often Thursday as the Indians tagged him for seven runs and seven hits, including two homers, while building a 7-1 lead.
One fan yelled "FORE!" when Michael Brantley lined a foul ball down the right-field line, but all the chuckles quickly subsided when Brantley doubled to left-center. It was the second straight double for the Indians, ending Beckett's night.
Fans cheered when Valentine came out of the dugout and immediately signaled to the bullpen for lefty Andrew Miller.
Beckett's off-the-field decisions and commitment to the team have come into question before.
After last season, it was revealed that he was among a group of pitchers who ate fried chicken and drank beer in the clubhouse during games on days they didn't pitch.
It is common for players to golf during the season, but typically not when recovering from an injury.
Valentine said before the game that Beckett was scratched from a start last week with stiffness, which he didn't think would be made worse by golfing. Had Beckett been sidelined with an injury, Valentine might have felt differently.
"I didn't think he was injured when he was skipped," Valentine said.
Fans haven't been so forgiving since the story surfaced earlier this week. The Red Sox were off to a 12-18 start and were last in the AL East going into Thursday night's game.
Beckett entered 2-3 with a 4.45 ERA in five starts.
Valentine, speaking before the Red Sox opened a homestand against the Indians, said he understands why fans were outraged that Beckett was golfing instead of resting for his return to the rotation.
"I understand the frustration for sure," he said. "I understand the desire for excellence. I have the same frustration and anger at myself for not meeting the standard."
A sour mood in Boston still lingers over the team's record collapse at the end of last season, when the Red Sox slumped through September and were knocked out of playoff contention in the final game.
"I was told there was a lot of negative feelings about last year. The first month of play, we haven't done anything to erase those feelings," Valentine said. "We have to play better and I think it will get better."
As for Beckett, a few good outings would probably restore a positive outlook among the fans who are angered by his golf outing. A few bad starts, however, and the pressure on him is only going to increase.


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Abstract and Keywords
Acculturation is the process of bidirectional change that occurs when two ethnolinguistic groups come in sustained contact with one another. Acculturation usually occurs between groups of unequal power, status, and demographic background. At stake for the unity of multilingual states are intergroup relations between language minorities and majorities that yield harmonious to conflictual outcomes. The Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM) is adapted to intergroup relations between language communities in four parts. The first part of the model provides an overview of the ethnolinguistic vitality framework accounting for the strength of minority/majority language communities as they struggle to gain the institutional support they need to develop as distinctive and thriving language communities. The second part of the IAM offers an analysis of the pluralist, civic, assimilationist, and exclusionist ideologies that underpin language policies regulating the co-existence of minority/majority language communities. The third part examines the acculturation orientations endorsed by majority and minority language group speakers. The fourth part of the IAM proposes that the interaction of majority and minority acculturation orientations yield intergroup communication outcomes that may range from harmonious, problematic, to conflictual. Taken together, the IAM model offers a conceptual tool for analyzing the fate of linguistic minorities as they seek to survive in the dominant majority group environments of post-modern globalizing states.
Keywords: acculturation, Interactive Acculturation Model, language ideologies, minorities, vitality groups, intergroup communication
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