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A new interrogation unit arrives at the Bagram Collection Point (BCP), the improvised interrogation and holding facility at Bagram Air Force Base (see October 2001). The unit is headed by Lieutenant Carolyn Wood (see January 22, 2003-May 8, 2003), who leads a 13-man unit from the 525th Military Intelligence Brigade at Fort Bragg, NC. Wood's unit is augmented by six Arabic-speaking reservists from the Utah National Guard. Many in the group, consolidated under Company A of the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion, are counterintelligence specialists with no background in interrogation. Only two of the soldiers have ever questioned actual prisoners. The training they receive is ad hoc and minimal. The noncommissioned officer in charge of the interrogators, Staff Sergeant Steven Loring, will later tell investigators, "There was nothing that prepared us for running an interrogation operation" like the one at Bagram. Nor are the rules of engagement clear. The platoon uses the standard interrogations guide, Section 34-52 of the Army Fleld Manual, and an order from Defense Secretary Rumsfeld to treat prisoners "humanely" and, when possible, within the strictures of the Geneva Conventions. But when President Bush determines in February 2002 that the Conventions do not apply to Taliban and al-Qaeda captives (see February 7, 2002), the interrogators decide they "could deviate slightly from the rules," in the words of Utah reservist Sergeant James Leahy. "There was the Geneva Conventions for enemy prisoners of war, but nothing for terrorists," Leahy will tell Army investigators. And the detainees, senior intelligence officers say, are to be considered terrorists until proved otherwise. One group of soldiers is later dubbed "the Testosterone Gang"; they decorate their tent with a Confederate flag, spend large amounts of time bodybuilding, and quickly earn a reputation as some of the most brutal of the soldiers at Bagram. [New York Times, 5/20/2005]
Entity Tags: US Department of the Army, Carolyn A. Wood, Donald Rumsfeld, Steven Loring, George W. Bush, James Leahy
Timeline Tags: Torture of US Captives
Habibullah. [Source: CBS]Mullah Habibullah, a 30-year-old Afghan from the southern province of Oruzgan, dies of complications related to "blunt force trauma" while in detention at the US base at Bagram. [Washington Post, 3/5/2003; BBC, 3/6/2003; Guardian, 3/7/2003; New York Times, 9/17/2004] Habibullah was captured by an Afghan warlord on November 28, 2002, and delivered to Bagram by the CIA on November 30. Habibullah is identified as the brother of a former Taliban commander, and later described as portly, well-groomed, and, in the words of American military police officer Major Bobby Atwell, "very confident." [New York Times, 5/20/2005] Injured When Delivered into US Custody - When Habibullah arrived at the US air base, he was reportedly already severely hurt. Despite his condition, according to one account, he was isolated "in a 'safety' position [stress position], with his arms shackled and tied to a beam in the ceiling." He was left in that position for days, but regularly checked on. [Knight Ridder, 8/21/2004] Targeted for Abuse - Though battered and ill, Habibullah's defiance makes him a target for physical abuse, with the MPs and guards repeatedly attacking his legs. (Some guards will later claim Habibullah's injuries were received when he tried to escape.) Most of the Americans will later describe Habibullah as insubordinate; one will recall being kneed in the groin by Habibullah after subjecting the prisoner to a rectal examination. Habibullah's interrogations produce little of worth, in part because the MPs who interrogate him usually have no interpreters available. Sometimes the MPs demand that another prisoner translate for them; usually the interrogation sessions contain no more than physical restraints or beatings. [New York Times, 5/20/2005] At some point, Sgt. James P. Boland, a guard from the Army Reserve's 377th MP Company from Cincinnati, allegedly watches as a subordinate beats Habibullah. [New York Times, 9/17/2004] The beating of Habibullah was likely witnessed by British detainee Moazzam Begg, who will later say he witnessed the death of "two fellow detainees at the hands of US military personnel" while at Bagram (see July 12, 2004). [Guardian, 10/1/2004; New York Times, 10/15/2004] Complaints of Chest Pains Mocked - During his last interrogation session, on December 2, Habibullah spends the entirety of the session coughing and complaining of chest pains. His right leg is stiff and his right leg swollen. The interpreter for the session, Ebrahim Baerde, later recalls the interrogators "laughing and making fun of" Habibullah "because he was spitting up a lot of phlegm." Habibullah is still defiant; when one interrogator asks if he wants to spend the rest of his life in handcuffs, Baerde will recall the prisoner retorting, "Yes, don't they look good on me?" [New York Times, 5/20/2005] Found Dead, Hanging from Shackles - On December 3, Habibullah is found dead, still hanging in his shackles. [Washington Post, 3/5/2003; BBC, 3/6/2003; Guardian, 3/7/2003; New York Times, 9/17/2004] Boland sees Habibullah hanging from the ceiling of his cell, suspended by two sets of handcuffs and a chain around his waist. His body is slumped forward and his tongue is protruding. Boland, along with Specialists Anthony Morden and Brian Cammack, enters the cell. Cammack puts a piece of bread in Habibullah's mouth; another soldier puts an apple in Habibullah's hand, and it falls to the floor. According to Cammack, Habibullah's spit gets on Cammack's chest. Later, Cammack will acknowledge, "I'm not sure he spit at me," but now he screams, "Don't ever spit on me again!" and knees Habibullah in the thigh "maybe a couple" of times. Habibullah makes no response; his body swings limply from the chains. Twenty minutes later, the guards unchain Habibullah and lay him on the floor. He has no pulse. Cammack, according to another guard, "appeared very distraught" and "was running about the room hysterically." An MP is sent to wake a medic, who refuses to respond, telling the MP to call an ambulance instead. By the time a second medic arrives at the cell, Habibullah is laid spreadeagled on the floor, eyes and mouth open. "It looked like he had been dead for a while, and it looked like nobody cared," the medic, Staff Sergeant Rodney Glass, will later recall. Atwell will later recall that Habibullah's death "did not cause an enormous amount of concern 'cause it appeared natural." The autopsy, completed five days later, will show bruises and abrasions on Habibullah's chest, arms, and head. The body has severe contusions on the calves, knees, and thighs, and the sole print of a boot is on his left calf. The death will be attributed to a blood clot, probably caused by the severe injuries to his legs, which traveled to his heart and blocked the blood flow to his lungs. [New York Times, 5/20/2005] His legs have been struck so forcefully, according to one death certificate, it complicated his coronary artery disease. Another certificate will say the beating led to a pulmonary embolism, which is a blockage of an artery in the lungs, often caused by a blood clot. [USA Today, 5/31/2004] Commanding Officer Able to Hear Screams, Moans of Detainees - In charge of the military intelligence interrogators at Bagram at this time is Capt. Carolyn A. Wood. According to an anonymous intelligence officer, Wood should be aware of what is happening to prisoners at Bagram since interrogations take place close to her office. The intelligence officer will recall hearing screams and moans coming out from the interrogation and isolation rooms. [Knight Ridder, 8/21/2004]
Entity Tags: Carolyn A. Wood, Anthony Morden, Bobby Atwell, Brian Cammack, James P. Boland, Rodney Glass, Ebrahim Baerde, Mullah Habibullah, Moazzam Begg, Taliban
Timeline Tags: Torture of US Captives, War in Afghanistan
A sketch by MP Sergeant Thomas Curtis showing how Dilawar was chained to the ceiling of his cell. [Source: New York Times]Dilawar, a 22-year-old Afghan farmer and part-time taxi driver from the small village of Yakubi in eastern Afghanistan, is picked up by local authorities and turned over to US soldiers. Dilawar is described as a shy, uneducated man with a slight frame, rarely leaving the stone farmhouse he shares with his wife and family. He is captured while driving a used Toyota sedan that his family bought him to use as a taxi. He has three fares, men headed back towards his village, and is stopped by Afghan militiamen loyal to the guerrilla commander Jan Baz Khan. (Khan will later be taken into custody himself for allegedly attacking US targets and then turning over innocent villagers to US forces, accusing them of carrying out the attacks.) The militia confiscates a broken walkie-talkie from one of the passengers, and an electric stabilizer used to regulate current from a generator in the trunk of the Toyota (Dilawar's family later says the stabilizer is not theirs; they have no electricity). All four men are turned over to American soldiers at Bagram Air Force Base as suspects in a recent rocket attack on the US base at Khost. They spend the first night handcuffed to the fence to deprive them of sleep. Dilawar is then examined by the base doctor, who pronounces him healthy. Passengers Shipped to Guantanamo, Say Bagram Treatment Far Worse - Dilawar's three passengers are eventually shipped to Guantanamo for a year, before being released without charge. The three will describe their ordeal at Bagram as far worse than their treatment at Guantanamo. All will claim to have been beaten, stripped in front of female guards, and subjected to repeated and harsh rectal exams. Abdul Rahim, a baker from Khost, will recall: "They did lots and lots of bad things to me [at Bagram]. I was shouting and crying, and no one was listening. When I was shouting, the soldiers were slamming my head against the desk." Another of Dilawar's passengers, Parkhudin, later recalls that Dilawar "could not breathe" in the black cloth hood pulled over his head. Running Joke - Though Dilawar is shy and frail, he is quickly labeled "noncompliant." One US military policeman, Specialist Corey Jones, reports that Dilawar spat on him and tried to kick him. Jones retaliated by giving him a number of "peroneal knee strikes" (see May 20, 2005). As Jones will later recall: "He screamed out, 'Allah! Allah! Allah!' and my first reaction was that he was crying out to his god. Everybody heard him cry out and thought it was funny. It became a kind of running joke, and people kept showing up to give this detainee a common peroneal strike just to hear him scream out 'Allah.' It went on over a 24-hour period, and I would think that it was over 100 strikes." Several other guards will later admit to striking Dilawar. While most MPs deny any knowledge of Dilawar being injured by the physical assaults, Jones will remember seeing Dilawar's legs when his orange drawstring pants fell off of him while he was shackled. "I saw the bruise because his pants kept falling down while he was in standing restraints," Jones will later recall. "Over a certain time period, I noticed it was the size of a fist." Dilawar's repeated cries and pleas for his release do little besides annoy his captors. Fourth Interrogation Marked by Beatings - Dilawar's fourth interrogation, on December 8, turns sour. Lead interrogator Specialist Glendale Walls will contend that Dilawar is hostile and evasive. Sergeant Selena Salcedo, another interrogator, will say that Dilawar smiled, refused to answer questions, and refused to stay kneeling on the ground or in his ordered "chair-sitting" posture against the wall. But the interpreter present, Ahmad Ahmadzai, has a different recollection. According to Ahmadzai, Dilawar denies launching any rockets at the Americans. He is unable to hold his cuffed hands above him while kneeling, and Salcedo slaps them back up whenever they begin to droop. "Selena berated him for being weak and questioned him about being a man, which was very insulting because of his heritage," Ahmadzai will tell investigators. Both Salcedo and Walls repeatedly slam Dilawar against the wall: "This went on for 10 or 15 minutes," Ahmadzei will say. "He was so tired he couldn't get up." Salcedo begins stamping his foot, yanking his head by grabbing his beard, and kicking him in the groin. Ahmadzai will state: "About the first 10 minutes, I think, they were actually questioning him, after that it was pushing, shoving, kicking and shouting at him. There was no interrogation going on." Salcedo orders the MPs to keep him chained to the ceiling of his cell until the next shift comes on. [Knight Ridder, 8/21/2004; New York Times, 5/20/2005] Chained to the Ceiling - The next morning, Dilawar is still chained to his ceiling. He begins shouting during the morning, and is ignored until around noon, when MPs ask another interpreter, Ebrahim Baerde, to see if he can calm Dilawar. Baerde will tell investigators: "I told him, 'Look, please, if you want to be able to sit down and be released from shackles, you just need to be quiet for one more hour.' He told me that if he was in shackles another hour, he would die." A half-hour later, Baerde returns to the cell to find Dilawar slumped in his chains. "He wanted me to get a doctor, and said that he needed 'a shot,'" Baerde will recall. "He said that he didn't feel good. He said that his legs were hurting." Baerde tells a guard, who checks Dilawar's circulation by pressing down on his fingernails. According to Baerde, the guard says: "He's okay. He's just trying to get out of his restraints." [New York Times, 3/4/2003; Guardian, 3/7/2003; Independent, 3/7/2003; Knight Ridder, 8/21/2004; New York Times, 9/17/2004; New York Times, 5/20/2005] Dead Days Later - Dilawar will be found dead in his cell days later (see December 10, 2002).
Entity Tags: Ebrahim Baerde, Glendale Walls, Jan Baz Khan, Dilawar, Abdul Rahim, Ahmad Ahmadzai, Corey Jones, Selena Salcedo, Parkhudin
Dilawar. [Source: CBS]Dilawar, an Afghan farmer turned taxi driver who was detained by US troops on December 5 (see December 5-9, 2002), is found dead in his cell at Bagram. Earlier that day, he was taken to the interrogation room for what will be his last interrogation. An interpreter will later describes him with legs uncontrollably jumping and numbed hands; Dilawar had been chained by his wrists to the top of his cell for four days and suffered repeated beatings from guards. He is agitated and confused, crying that his wife is dead and complaining of being beaten by his guards. Interpreter Ali Baryalai will later tell investigators, "We didn't pursue that." Making Sure the Prisoner is Hydrated - Dilawar is interrogated by two MPs, Specialists Glendale Walls and Joshua Claus. Though Walls is the lead interrogator, the more aggressive Claus quickly takes control of the proceedings. "Josh had a rule that the detainee had to look at him, not me," the interpreter will tell investigators. "He gave him three chances, and then he grabbed him by the shirt and pulled him towards him, across the table, slamming his chest into the table front." Both Walls and Claus slam Dilawar against the wall when he tries and fails to kneel; he begins to either fall asleep or pass out. Baryalai will later state, "It looked to me like Dilawar was trying to cooperate, but he couldn't physically perform the tasks." As Baryalai will later tell investigators, Claus grabs Dilawar, shakes him, and tells him that if he does not cooperate, he will be shipped to a prison in the United States, where he would be "treated like a woman, by the other men" and face the wrath of criminals who "would be very angry with anyone involved in the 9/11 attacks." Dilawar asks for a drink of water, and Claus responds by taking a large plastic water bottle and, instead of giving Dilawar the water, punching a hole in the bottom of the bottle. As Dilawar fumbles with the bottle, the water pours over his orange prison garb. Claus then snatches the bottle back and begins spraying the water into Dilawar's face. As Dilawar gags on the spray, Claus shouts: "Come on, drink! Drink!" A third interrogator, Staff Sergeant Christopher Yonushonis, enters the room and, as he will recall, finds a large puddle of water, a soaking wet Dilawar, and Claus standing behind Dilawar, twisting up the back of the hood that covers the prisoner's head. "I had the impression that Josh was actually holding the detainee upright by pulling on the hood," Yonushonis will recall. "I was furious at this point because I had seen Josh tighten the hood of another detainee the week before. This behavior seemed completely gratuitous and unrelated to intelligence collection." When Yonushonis demands an explanation, Claus responds, "We had to make sure he stayed hydrated." Dies While Chained to the Ceiling - An interrogator, presumably Yonushonis, promises Dilawar that he can see a doctor after the interrogation session concludes, but Claus tells the guards not to take him to a doctor. Instead, Claus tell the guards to chain him to the ceiling again. "Leave him up," one of the guards will later quote Claus as saying. Dilawar dies while chained up; hours later, an emergency room doctor sees Dilawar's body already dead and stiffening. Yonushonis reports the abusive interrogation to his superior officer, Staff Sergeant Steven Loring, but Dilawar is already dead. Autopsy Report: Legs 'Pulpified' - An autopsy will find Dilawar's death caused by "blunt force injuries to the lower extremities." At a pre-trial hearing for one of the guards involved in Dilawar's abuse, a coroner will say the tissue in the prisoner's legs "had basically been pulpified." Major Elizabeth Rouse, another coroner and the one who termed Dilawar's cause of death to be "homicide," will add, "I've seen similar injuries in an individual run over by a bus." Walls and Claus will both be charged with assault and maltreatment of a prisoner. [New York Times, 5/20/2005] Changes Implemented - After Dilawar's death, the second in a matter of days (see November 30-December 3, 2002), some changes are implemented at Bagram. A medic is assigned to work the night shift. Interrogators are prohibited from physical contact with the detainees. Chaining prisoners to fixed objects is banned, and the use of stress positions is curtailed. Yonushonis will not be interviewed until August 2004, when he contacts an agent of the Army's Criminal Investigation Command on his own initiative to discuss his knowledge of Dilawar's death. "I expected to be contacted at some point by investigators in this case," he will say. "I was living a few doors down from the interrogation room, and I had been one of the last to see this detainee alive." Of the last interrogation, Yonushonis will tell investigators, "I remember being so mad that I had trouble speaking." He also adds one extra detail: by the time Dilawar was interrogated the final time, "most of us were convinced that the detainee was innocent." [New York Times, 3/4/2003; Washington Post, 3/5/2003; BBC, 3/6/2003; Guardian, 3/7/2003; Independent, 3/7/2003; New York Times, 9/17/2004; New York Times, 5/20/2005]
Entity Tags: Joshua Claus, Dilawar, Steven Loring, Glendale Walls, Criminal Investigation Command, Elizabeth A. Rouse, Ali Baryalai, Christopher Yonushonis
The US military responds to recent media stories about the torture and abuse of suspected al-Qaeda detainees in Afghanistan by denying that any such treatment takes place. Recent articles in the Washington Post have claimed that detainees held at Bagram Air Force Base were subjected to "stress and duress" techniques (see December 26, 2002). These techniques include "stress positions," where detainees are shackled or strapped into painful positions and kept there for hours, and sleep deprivation. US military spokesman Major Steve Clutter denies the allegations. "The article was false on several points, the first being that there is no CIA detention facility on Bagram; there is a facility run by the US Army," he says (see October 2001). "However, there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that persons under control of the US Army have been mistreated. The United States Army is treating enemy combatants under government control, humanely, and in conditions that are generally better than they were experiencing before we placed them under our control" (see December 2001 and After, Late 2002, January 2002, March 15, 2002, April-May 2002, April-May 2002, Late May 2002, June 4, 2002-early August 2002, June 5, 2002, July 2002, August 22, 2002, November 30-December 3, 2002, Late 2002-February 2004, Late 2002 - March 15, 2004, December 2002, December 2002, December 1, 2002, December 5-9, 2002, December 8, 2002-March 2003, and December 10, 2002). Clutter also denies that detainees have been subjected to "rendition"—being turned over to foreign governments who routinely torture prisoners. Instead, he says, most prisoners held at Bagram were released after being interrogated in a process overseen by the International Committee of the Red Cross. "I would like to point out that persons under US government control who come to Bagram are not automatically deemed to be terrorists or enemy combatants," Clutter says. "When they arrive, they go through an interview process to determine whether they are enemy combatants or have information that can help us prevent terrorist attacks against Americans or attacks against US forces. If they are deemed to be enemy combatants or pose a danger, they become detainees. If they are not, they are ultimately released." [Agence France-Presse, 12/29/2002]
Entity Tags: US Department of the Army, Central Intelligence Agency, International Committee of the Red Cross, Stephen Clutter, US Department of Defense
Carolyn Wood. [Source: CBC]On January 22, 2003, Capt. Carolyn A. Wood receives a Bronze Star for "exceptional meritorious service" as the head of military intelligence interrogators at Bagram. She and her small platoon of 15 interrogators from the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion returned from Afghanistan to their base at Fort Bragg, North Carolina earlier in the month. On May 8, 2003, Wood receives her second Bronze Star. [Knight Ridder, 8/21/2004] Wood was previously in charge of the US air base at Bagram, where detainees have alleged torture and where at least two detainees died as a result of physical abuse (see November 30-December 3, 2002)
(see December 26, 2002)
(see December 5-9, 2002). Wood and her battalion will be redeployed to Iraq and handle interrogations at the Abu Ghraib prison while abuses go on there (see July 15, 2003). She will implement nearly the same interrogation rules used in Bagram (see July 15, 2003).
Entity Tags: Carolyn A. Wood
Lt. Gen. Daniel McNeill, the commander of US forces in Afghanistan (Commander of Joint Task Force 180), announces an investigation into the deaths of Bagram prisoners Dilawar (see December 10, 2002) and Mullah Habibullah (see November 30-December 3, 2002). Nevertheless, he claims both prisoners died of natural causes. Dilawar, according to McNeill had an advanced heart condition with his coronary arteries 85 percent blocked. "We haven't found anything that requires us to take extraordinary action," McNeill says. "We are going to let this investigation run its course." But military pathologists have already determined both deaths were caused by beatings. Dilawar's death certificate, signed by Maj. Elizabeth A. Rouse, a pathologist with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in Washington, stated that Dilawar's cause of death was "blunt-force injuries to lower extremities complicating coronary artery disease." [Guardian, 6/23/2004] When McNeill is asked whether the dead prisoners suffered injuries during detention, he denies this. "Presently, I have no indication of that," he says. Later, McNeill claims that the prisoners had already suffered injuries before arriving at Bagram. When asked about the use of chains, he replies: "We are not chaining people to the ceilings. I think you asked me that question before." [New York Times, 9/17/2004]
Entity Tags: Elizabeth A. Rouse, Dilawar, Daniel K. McNeill
When an Associated Press reporter asks the US military to comment on the accounts of two former Afghan detainees (see December 10, 2002)
(see November 30-December 3, 2002), spokesman Roger King claims their accounts are mostly untrue. "Some of the stuff they are saying sounds like partial truths, some of it's completely bogus," he says. "They were stripped naked probably to prevent them from sneaking weapons into the facility. That's why someone may be stripped…. We do force people to stand for an extended period of time…. Disruption of sleep has been reported as an effective way of reducing people's inhibition about talking or their resistance to questioning….They are not allowed to speak to one another. If they do, they can plan together or rely on the comfort of one another. If they're caught speaking out of turn, they can be forced to do things—like stand for a period of time—as payment for speaking out." [Associated Press, 3/14/2003; Amnesty International, 8/19/2003]
Entity Tags: Roger King
The platoon of 15 interrogators led by Capt. Carolyn A. Wood is sent to Iraq together with another 15 fellow soldiers from Company A of the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion. [Knight Ridder, 8/21/2004] Wood had been involved in detainee abuses in Afghanistan (see November 30-December 3, 2002) and will be involved in the Abu Ghraib detainee abuse scandal in Iraq (see (Early August 2003)).
The 519th Military Intelligence Battalion produces a memo laying down new "Interrogation Rules of Engagement" (IROE), for use in its new mission in Iraq. [US Department of the Army, 3/9/2004] The person apparently mostly responsible for writing the memo is Cpt. Carolyn A. Wood, formerly in charge of military intelligence interrogators at Bagram, which serves as the main screening area in Afghanistan. [Guardian, 6/23/2004] Col. Billy Buckner, the chief public affairs officer at Fort Bragg, home to the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion, later says that Wood brought the interrogations rules used at Bagram with her to Iraq. [Associated Press, 5/24/2004] But the rules are also adapted and made somewhat less aggressive. "Those rules were modified," according to Buckner, "to make sure the right restraints were in place."
[Guardian, 6/23/2004] The modifications nevertheless fall outside normal military doctrine. According to a classified portion of the later Fay report (see August 25, 2004), the memo allows the "use of stress positions during fear-up harsh interrogation approaches, as well as presence of military working dogs, yelling, loud music,… light control," sleep management, and isolation. [New York Review of Books, 10/7/2004] The memo is adopted from interrogation procedures known as "Battlefield Interrogation Team and Facility Policy," in use by a secretive unit called Joint Task Force (JTF) 121 , that is active in both Iraq and Afghanistan. The 519th Military Intelligence Battalion worked in close cooperation with Special Operations Forces like JTF-121 during its tour in Afghanistan, and "at some point," according to the Fay report, it "came to possess the JTF-121 interrogation policy."
[New York Times, 8/27/2004] Cpt. Wood adopts the JTF-121 policy "almost verbatim."
[New York Times, 8/27/2004] Like the highest US command in Iraq, the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion apparently believes the standard Army Field Manual is an insufficient guideline for interrogations. Interrogation techniques falling outside the scope of standard military doctrine have already been devised at the Pentagon, but only for use in Afghanistan and Guantanamo Bay. These "non-doctrinal approaches, techniques, and practices," according to Gen. George R. Fay, nevertheless, become "confused at Abu Ghraib."
[US Department of the Army, 3/9/2004] JTF-121 consists of CIA officials and Special Operations troops, including soldiers from the Army's Delta Force and Navy Seals. The unit is later alleged to have been instrumental in the capture of Saddam Hussein. [New York Times, 5/17/2004]
Entity Tags: Troy Armstrong, George R. Fay, Saddam Hussein, Carolyn A. Wood
When Cpt. Carolyn A. Wood and the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion move to Abu Ghraib, the interrogation policy Wood used at the Baghdad airport facility (see July 15, 2003) needs to be adapted once again, and Capt. Wood is again responsible for devising the rules of engagement. In May 2004, Pentagon officials will give a description to the Senate Armed Services Committee of the instructions for interrogating prisoners used by Cpt. Wood at Abu Ghraib. They say that the rules of engagement Wood employed at Abu Ghraib included stress positions, use of dogs, sleep and sensory deprivation and dietary manipulation. Those rules of engagement would have had to have been authorized by higher levels in the military. A person of Cpt. Wood's rank, explains a former member of the 205th Military Intelligence Brigade to the Guardian, would not have been free to set interrogation policy herself. [Guardian, 6/23/2004]
British detainee Moazzam Begg, being held in Guantanamo, manages to send a handwritten four-page letter uncensored by US authorities. Begg's lawyers in Britain describe this as an "oddity." His solicitor Stafford Smith says the letter must have been released either "by mistake or because someone in the US has a conscience." In the letter, Begg describes having been subjected to "pernicious threats of torture, actual vindictive torture, and death threats, amongst other coercively employed interrogation techniques." This happened "particularly, though unexclusively in Afghanistan." Interviews, Begg writes, "were conducted in an environment of generated fear, resonant with terrifying screams of fellow detainees facing similar methods. In this atmosphere of severe antipathy towards detainees was the compounded use of racially and religiously prejudiced taunts. This culminated, in my opinion, with the deaths of two fellow detainees (see November 30-December 3, 2002)
(see December 10, 2002) at the hands of US military personnel, to which I myself was partially witness." [Guardian, 10/1/2004]
Entity Tags: Moazzam Begg, Stafford Smith
Side profiles of Habibullah (left) and Dilawar (right). [Source: CBS]More than one-and-a-half years after the deaths of the Afghan detainees Mullah Habibullah (see November 30-December 3, 2002) and Dilawar (see December 10, 2002), the US Army Criminal Investigation Command completes its investigation of the two cases. It finds that 28 military personnel, including two captains, were involved in the incident. The perpetrators could be charged with involuntary manslaughter, assault, and conspiracy. A Pentagon official says five or six of the soldiers will likely be charged with the most serious offenses. The investigation concludes that "multiple soldiers" beat Dilawar and Habibullah, using mostly their knees. It is likely, according to Pentagon officials, that the beatings were concentrated on the legs of the detainees, so that wounds would be less visible. Amnesty International severely criticizes the long duration of the investigation. "The failure to promptly account for the prisoners' deaths indicates a chilling disregard for the value of human life and may have laid the groundwork for further abuses in Abu Ghraib and elsewhere," says Jumana Musa of Amnesty International USA. [New York Times, 10/15/2004]
Entity Tags: Jumana Musa, Mullah Habibullah, Dilawar, Patrick J. Brown
The New York Times obtains a copy of a classified file of the Army criminal investigation into a number of detainee deaths at Bagram Air Force Base in Afghanistan. The report focuses on two Afghan detainees, Mullah Habibullah (see October 2004 and November 30-December 3, 2002) and a taxi driver known as Dilawar (see December 10, 2002), both of whom were in essence tortured to death; other detainees are also covered in the report. The Army report follows up on the official inquiry conducted in late 2004 (see October 2004). Torture to Extract Information, Punish Detainees, and Alleviate Boredom - The Times writes: "Like a narrative counterpart to the digital images from Abu Ghraib, the Bagram file depicts young, poorly trained soldiers in repeated incidents of abuse. The harsh treatment, which has resulted in criminal charges against seven soldiers, went well beyond the two deaths. In some instances, testimony shows, it was directed or carried out by interrogators to extract information. In others, it was punishment meted out by military police guards. Sometimes, the torment seems to have been driven by little more than boredom or cruelty, or both." One female interrogator has what a colleague in a sworn statement calls a taste for humiliation; that interrogator is described as having stood on the neck of one prostrate detainee, and having kicked another detainee in the genitals. Another statement tells of a shackled prisoner being forced to kiss the boots of his interrogators. A third tells of a detainee forced to pick plastic bottle caps out of a drum mixed with excrement and water. Overall, the Army report concludes that many of the tactics used by interrogators and guards amounts to criminal assault. Pentagon spokesman Larry Di Rita says: "What we have learned through the course of all these investigations is that there were people who clearly violated anyone's standard for humane treatment. We're finding some cases that were not close calls." Seven soldiers, all interrogators and guards of low rank, have been charged with crimes ranging from dereliction of duty to maiming and involuntary manslaughter; two others received reprimands, and 15 others named in the original report were cited as bearing probable criminal responsibility in the deaths. One of the interrogators charged with assaulting Dilawar, Sergeant Selena Salcedo, says: "The whole situation is unfair. It's all going to come out when everything is said and done." Many Interrogators Redeployed to Iraq; Bagram Tactics Used at Abu Ghraib - The Army criminal investigation was conducted slowly. During the course of the investigation, many of the Bagram interrogators, including their operations officer, Captain Carolyn Wood, were redeployed to Iraq (see Mid-March 2003). Wood took charge of interrogations at Abu Ghraib prison and, according to Army inquiries, began using tactics "remarkably similar" to those employed at Bagram (see July 15, 2003 and (Early August 2003)). She received the Bronze Star for her actions (see January 22, 2003-May 8, 2003). Serious Disparities between Investigative Results and Personnel Statements - In the aftermaths of the deaths, military officials made a number of unsupported claims. The deaths of both Dilawar and Habibullah were originally listed as due to natural causes even as military coroners ruled the deaths homicides. The American commander in Afghanistan at the time, Lieutenant General Daniel McNeill, said that he had no indication that the deaths were caused by abuses carried out by US soldiers; the methods used in the detainees' interrogations were, McNeill said, "in accordance with what is generally accepted as interrogation techniques." Poorly Trained Interrogators - The report focuses on one group of poorly trained interrogators from the Army's 519th Military Intelligence Brigade (see July 2002). After Bush's decree that terror suspects have no rights under Geneva, the interrogators began pushing the envelope of acceptable interrogation techniques. They began employing "stress positions" that cause pain and suffering but not, presumably, actual injury. They began experimenting with longer and longer periods of sleep deprivation. One of the more popular methods is called in military jargon "Fear Up Harsh," or as one soldier called it, "the screaming technique." The technique is based on verbally and physically intimidating detainees, and often degenerates into screaming and throwing furniture. The noncommissioned officer in charge of the interrogators, Staff Sergeant Steven Loring, sometimes tried to curb his interrogators' excesses, but, contradictorily, often refused to countenance "soft" interrogation techniques, and gave some of the most aggressive interrogators wide latitude. Sergeant James Leahy recalled, "We sometimes developed a rapport with detainees, and Sergeant Loring would sit us down and remind us that these were evil people and talk about 9/11 and they weren't our friends and could not be trusted." One of Loring's favorites was Specialist Damien Corsetti, nicknamed "Monster," a tall, bearded interrogator Loring jokingly nicknamed "the King of Torture." One Saudi detainee told Army investigators that during one session, Corsetti pulled out his penis, shoved it in the Saudi's face, and threatened to rape him. (The earlier investigation found cause to charge Corsetti with assault, maltreatment of a prisoner, and indecent acts; no charges were filed. Corsetti was fined and demoted for brutalizing a female prisoner at Abu Ghraib.) By August 2002, the 519th interrogators, joined by a group of reservists from a military police company, were routinely beating their prisoners, and particularly favored the "common peroneal strike," a potentially disabling blow to the side of the leg just above the knee. The MPs later said that they never knew such physical brutality was not part of Army interrogation practices. "That was kind of like an accepted thing; you could knee somebody in the leg," one of the MPs, Sergeant Thomas Curtis, later told investigators. 'Timmy' - Specialist Jeremy Callaway told investigators of one Afghan prisoner with apparently severe emotional and mental problems. The detainee would eat his own feces and mutilate himself with concertina wire. He quickly became a favorite target for some of the MPs, who would repeatedly knee him in the legs and, at least once, chained him with his arms straight up in the air. The MPs nicknamed him "Timmy" after an emotionally disturbed child in the "South Park" animated television show. According to Callaway, one of the guards who beat the prisoner also taught him to screech like the cartoon character. Eventually, "Timmy" was sent home. [New York Times, 5/20/2005]
Entity Tags: US Department of the Army, Jeremy Callaway, James Leahy, Dilawar, Daniel K. McNeill, Damien Corsetti, Carolyn A. Wood, Lawrence Di Rita, Mullah Habibullah, New York Times, Steven Loring, US Department of Defense, Selena Salcedo, Thomas Curtis
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) releases previously classified documents that contain excerpts from a government report on harsh interrogation tactics used by US personnel against detainees in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Guantanamo Bay. The excerpts document repeated instances of abusive behavior, sometimes resulting in the deaths of prisoners. The documents, obtained under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), contain a report by Vice Admiral Albert Church, who compiled a comprehensive report on the Defense Department's interrogation operations. Church terms the interrogations at Bagram Air Force Base in Afghanistan as "clearly abusive, and clearly not in keeping with any approved interrogation policy or guidance." Only two pages from the Church report were released without redactions. Deaths at Bagram - A portion of the document reports on the deaths of two prisoners at Bagram (see December 5-9, 2002 and November 30-December 3, 2002), who were, the document states, "handcuffed to fixed objects above their heads in order to keep them awake." The report continues: "Additionally, interrogations in both incidents involved the use of physical violence, including kicking, beating, and the use of 'compliance blows,' which involved striking the [prisoners] legs with the [interrogators] knees. In both cases, blunt force trauma to the legs was implicated in the deaths. In one case, a pulmonary embolism developed as a consequence of the blunt force trauma, and in the other case pre-existing coronary artery disease was complicated by the blunt force trauma." Both detainees died from pulmonary embolisms caused by, the ACLU writes, "standing chained in place, sleep deprivation, and dozens of beatings by guards and possibly interrogators." Deaths at Other Facilities - The documents also report on torture conducted at Guantanamo and several US-Afghan prisons in Kabul; the death of prisoner Dilar Dababa in Iraq in 2003 at the hands of US forces; the torture and beating of an Iraqi prisoner at "The Disco," a detention facility located in the Special Operations Force Compound at Mosul Airfield in Iraq; an investigation into torture and abuse at Abu Ghraib prison near Baghdad; and the murder of prisoner Abed Mowhoush. Process Flowed Through Undersecretary Cambone - Columnist Scott Horton writes: "A large portion of the torture, maiming, and murder of detainees occurred under authority issued under secret rules of engagement in the Pentagon. Much of this flowed through Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence Stephen Cambone, a figure who has so far evaded scrutiny in the torture scandal.… Even the Senate Armed Services Committee review fails to get to the bottom of Dr. Cambone, his interrogations ROEs for special operations units he controlled, and the death, disfigurement, and torture of prisoners they handled. This is one of many reasons why a comprehensive investigation with subpoena power is urgently needed. But full airing of the internal investigations already conducted by the Department of Defense is an essential next step." [Raw Story, 2/12/2009; American Civil Liberties Union, 2/12/2009]
Entity Tags: Senate Armed Services Committee, American Civil Liberties Union, Albert T. Church III, Bush administration (43), Dilar Dababa, Stephen A. Cambone, US Department of Defense
Karen Greenberg, the executive director of the Center on Law and Security at the New York University School of Law, asks when the Obama administration intends on closing down the detention facility at Bagram Air Force Base (see October 2001). The facility has been the site of repeated torture and brutalization of prisoners (see January 2002, March 15, 2002, April-May 2002, Late May 2002, June 4, 2002-early August 2002, June 5, 2002, July 2002, August 22, 2002, Late 2002-February 2004, Late 2002 - March 15, 2004, December 2002, December 2002, December 1, 2002, December 5-9, 2002, December 8, 2002-March 2003, December 26, 2002, Beginning 2003, February 2003, Spring 2003, October 2004, and May 20, 2005). Greenberg calls it a "far grimmer and more important American detention facility" than Guantanamo. Little Information on Prisoners - Greenberg is unable to elicit specific information about how many prisoners are currently incarcerated at Bagram, who they are, where they are from, how they are classified—prisoners of war, enemy combatants, "ghost" detainees—how they are being treated, what human rights organizations have access to them, or what, if any, legal proceedings they have been put through. "It turns out that we can say very little with precision or confidence about that prison facility or even the exact number of prisoners there," she writes. "News sources had often reported approximately 500-600 prisoners in custody at Bagram, but an accurate count is not available. A federal judge recently asked for 'the number of detainees held at Bagram Air Base; the number of Bagram detainees who were captured outside Afghanistan; and the number of Bagram detainees who are Afghan citizens,' but the information the Obama administration offered the court in response remains classified and redacted from the public record. We don't even know the exact size of the prison or much about the conditions there, although they have been described as more spartan and far cruder than Guantanamo's in its worst days. The International Committee of the Red Cross has visited the prison, but it remains unclear whether they were able to inspect all of it. A confidential Red Cross report from 2008 supposedly highlighted overcrowding, the use of extreme isolation as a punishment technique, and various violations of the Geneva Convention." Plans to Expand Facility - Greenberg says that the government is planning a large expansion of the Bagram facility, which is envisioned as holding up to 1,100 prisoners. She recommends: The administration stop being secretive about Bagram and release complete information on the prisoners being held there, or at the very least admit why some information cannot be released. "Otherwise, the suspicion will always arise that such withheld information might be part of a cover-up of government incompetence or illegality." The reclassification of all detainees as "prisoners of war" who are protected under the Geneva Conventions. "Currently, they are classified as enemy combatants, as are the prisoners at Guantanamo, and so, in the perverse universe of the Bush administration, free from any of the constraints of international law. The idea that the conventions are too 'rigid' for our moment and need to be put aside for this new extra-legal category has always been false and pernicious, primarily paving the way for the use of 'enhanced interrogation techniques.'" The rejection of the idea of "ghost prisoners" at Bagram or anywhere else. "The International Committee of the Red Cross must be granted access to all of the prisons or prison areas at Bagram, while conditions of detention there should be brought into accordance with humane treatment and standards." The re-establishment of a presumption of innocence. "The belief that there is a categorical difference between guilt and innocence, which went by the wayside in the last seven years, must be restored. All too often, the military brass still assumes that if you were rounded up by US forces, you are, by definition, guilty. It's time to change this attitude and return to legal standards of guilt." Greenberg concludes: "In the Bush years, we taught the world a series of harmful lessons: Americans can be as cruel as others. Americans can turn their backs on law and reciprocity among nations as efficiently as any tribally organized dictatorship. Americans, relying on fear and the human impulse toward vengeance, can dehumanize other human beings with a fervor equal to that of others on this planet. It's time for a change. It's time, in fact, to face the first and last legacy of Bush detention era, our prison at Bagram Air Base, and deal with it." [TomDispatch (.com), 3/5/2009]
Entity Tags: Bush administration (43), Geneva Conventions, Obama administration, Karen Greenberg
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text:
According to IMARC Group's new report, titled "Pectin Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2017-2022", the global pectin market reached a volume of around 103 Thousand Tons in 2016, exhibiting a CAGR of 6% during 2009-2016. Pectin is a naturally occurring polysaccharide which is generally used as a gelling and thickening agent. It is found in pears, apples, plums, guavas, quince, gooseberries, oranges and other citrus fruits, and is extracted using hot dilute acids. Citrus peels are the richest source of pectin, followed by apple peel, apricots, oranges and others. Pectin offers certain health benefits and, apart from the food and beverage industry, it is also used in the pharmaceutical sector. Owing to the increasing applications of pectin in these sectors, the global pectin market is further expected to reach a volume of around 144 Thousand Tons by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 5.7% during 2017-2022.
Request sample of the report: http://www.imarcgroup.com/request?type=report&id=644&flag=B
Highlights of the global pectin market:
- The global demand for pectin has increased substantially as a result of rising health consciousness.
- Food and beverage industry is the leading end-use industry, with drinkable and spoonable yogurt as the leading segment.
- Europe represents the largest producer of pectin globally.
Pectin is used in jams or jellies to impart a gel-like texture, and in yogurts as thickener. Due to rising demand for low-fat and low-calorie food products among health conscious consumers, the demand for pectin has increased as it is used in low sugar jams and carbonated beverages. Besides food and beverage industry, pectin finds applications in the cosmetic sector. It is used in the formulation of personal care products, makeup foundations, as well as in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair gels, and other hair products. In the pharmaceutical sector, it is used for controlled release of drugs, treating allergies and as an anti-diarrhoeal agent. It is also used in ostomy devices and wound dressings. Moreover, it fights high cholesterol and triglycerides levels, prevents colon and prostate cancer, and combats diabetes and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
On the basis of end-use, drinkable and spoonable yogurt is the leading segment, followed by jams and preserves, other milk drinks and fruit beverages. On the regional basis, Europe represents the largest market for pectin, accounting for more than a third of the global production. Other major regions include Asia, North America and Latin America. Some of the key players operating in the global pectin market are CP Kelco, Dansico, Cargill, Herbstreith & Fox Corporate group, Yantai Andre Pectin and Naturex.
Browse full report with TOC: http://www.imarcgroup.com/pectin-technical-material-market-report
The report by IMARC Group has examined the global pectin market on the basis of:
- Drinkable and Spoonable yogurt
- Jams and preserves
- Other milk drinks
- Fruit beverages
- Europe
- Asia
- North America
- Latin America
Major Manufacturers:
- CP Kelco
- Danisco
- Cargill
- Herbstreith & Fox Corporate Group
- Nature
- Yantai Andre Pectin
Browse related reports:
Caustic Potash Market: http://www.imarcgroup.com/caustic-potash-technical-material-market-report
Copper Sulphate Market: http://www.imarcgroup.com/copper-sulphate-technical-material-market-report
About Us
IMARC Group is a leading market research company that offers management strategy and market research worldwide. We partner with clients in all sectors and regions to identify their highest-value opportunities, address their most critical challenges, and transform their businesses.
IMARC's information products include major market, scientific, economic and technological developments for business leaders in pharmaceutical, industrial, and high technology organizations. Market forecasts and industry analysis for biotechnology, advanced materials, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, travel and tourism, nanotechnology and novel processing methods are at the top of the company's expertise.
Media Contact
Company Name: IMARC Group
Contact Person: Jim Clarke
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
ALLEN PARK, Mich. (AP) The Detroit Lions may have finally hit rock bottom for 2012.
Sunday's 38-10 loss to the woeful Arizona Cardinals was Detroit's sixth in a row, and at this point, the goal is simply to salvage some pride in a spoiler role against Atlanta and Chicago, and possibly set a better tone for the offseason.
The Lions host the Falcons on Saturday night.
``You have something to prove every week regardless of winning streak, losing streak, what happened the previous week,'' coach Jim Schwartz said. ``This is a week-to-week business. The people that keep their eyes on that, that are consistent from week to week, are the people that are successful in this league.''
Detroit made the playoffs last season, but at 4-10, there's no chance of a repeat visit.
In fact, the Lions may end up with premium position in the first round of the draft - a spot they occupied for several years but figured they'd left behind.
Detroit took Calvin Johnson with the second pick in 2007, Matthew Stafford at No. 1 two years later and Ndamukong Suh at No. 2 in 2010.
That looked like the nucleus of a rising power in the NFC, especially after the Lions won 10 games a year ago and made the playoffs for the first time since the 1999 season.
But now they've taken a step back, and it's fair to wonder what the offseason could look like. Detroit has certainly been unlucky, losing late leads against Green Bay, Houston and Indianapolis, but there were no real redeeming factors last weekend.
Arizona had dropped nine straight and was coming off a 58-0 loss to Seattle - and still, the Cardinals handled the Lions.
Now it's Detroit's turn to reflect after an embarrassing defeat.
``People are competitive, people have pride. People have confidence in themselves,'' Stafford said. ``I think that's what helps people bounce back from stuff like this.''
The only hint of a bright spot right now is Johnson's pursuit of Jerry Rice's single-season record for yards receiving. Johnson needs 182 yards to break Rice's mark of 1,848, set 17 years ago.
``I'm trying to win games, and he's a big part of our offense,'' Stafford said. ``Him getting yards and touchdowns is what we're trying to do.''
Johnson, however, is the only offensive player having a truly great season. Stafford has thrown for 17 touchdowns and 15 interceptions, after posting 41 and 16 a season ago.
The receiving group - besides Johnson - has been a bit of a mess because of injuries to Nate Burleson and Ryan Broyles. Second-year receiver Titus Young was essentially put in exile a few weeks ago, with Schwartz citing behavioral problems.
``Obviously, actions are louder than words right now. It's part of being a professional - seeing how people prepare this week,'' Stafford said. ``Honestly, I have no qualms about it. I know our guys are going to be preparing has hard as they can.''
Suh has 6 1/2 sacks, but the defense has been far from dominant, especially late in games when the Lions have failed to hold on.
With Detroit bottoming out and facing the possibility of a 4-12 finish, about the only way to leave any kind of positive impression would be to pull off an upset in one or both of these final two games.
Atlanta (12-2) is on its way to the playoffs, while Chicago (8-6) still has a berth to play for. The Lions have played other teams of that caliber tough this season.
``You always want to have something positive going into the next season,'' Suh said. ``We're going to definitely see Chicago twice next year. We're going to see, possibly, Atlanta, hopefully next year in the playoffs or some situation like that. You want to play as best as possible and get used to these teams.''
Online:http://pro32.ap.org/poll andhttp://twitter.com/AP-NFL


text:
Malloy participating in ALS ice bucket challenge
STRATFORD >> Gov. Dannel P. Malloy is the latest Connecticut politician to get doused with ice water to increase awareness about a debilitating disease.
Lt. Gov. Nancy Wyman was expected on Saturday to pour the frigid mixture over Malloy's head after he finishes the MADD Dash 5K road race. It's part of the "ice bucket challenge," launched by the ALS Foundation to raise money to fight ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
After winning last week's Republican gubernatorial primary, Greenwich businessman Tom Foley had a bucket of ice water poured over his head by his primary rival, Senate Minority Leader John McKinney. McKinney previously participated in the challenge.
Foley called on Malloy to also take part in the ice bucket challenge. A Malloy campaign spokesman said the governor received multiple challenges.


text:
Play Areas Final Guidelines
Published in the Federal Register October 18, 2000 and amended November 20, 2000.
36 CFR Part 1191
[Docket No. 98-2]
AGENCY: Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board.
ACTION: Final rule.
SUMMARY: The Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (Access Board) is issuing final accessibility guidelines to serve as the basis for standards to be adopted by the Department of Justice for new construction and alterations of play areas covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The guidelines include scoping and technical provisions for ground level and elevated play components, accessible routes, ramps and transfer systems, ground surfaces, and soft contained play structures. The guidelines will ensure that newly constructed and altered play areas meet the requirements of the ADA and are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities. The Department of Justice must adopt the guidelines as standards for them to be enforceable under the ADA.
DATES: The guidelines are effective November 17, 2000. The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the guidelines is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of November 17, 2000.
Availability of Copies and Electronic Access
Single copies of this publication may be obtained at no cost by calling the Access Board's automated publications order line (202) 272-5434, by pressing 2 on the telephone keypad, then 1, and requesting publication S-39 (Play Areas Final Rule). Persons using a TTY should call (202) 272-5449. Please record a name, address, telephone number and request publication S-39. This document is available in alternate formats upon request. Persons who want a copy in an alternate format should specify the type of format (cassette tape, Braille, large print, or ASCII disk). This document is also available on the Board's Internet site.


text:
Salvador de Bahia has urban energy in a charming, old-world Portuguese- settled city. Its historic heart is full of colourful, colonial and neoclassical architecture that will wow you! Explore this Brazilian jewel when you fly to Salvador with TAP Air Portugal. Our hospitality, modern comforts, and OnAir Wi-Fi will have you rested and ready to explore when you land in Brazil!
The beautiful and history city of Salvador has many special spaces worth visiting:
As you are in Brazil, check out the nightlife along the shores. The clubs around the area are very fun and lively. Hire a sailing charter to explore the city from a different perspective. For the best in comfort, luxury, and pricing, book your flights to Salvador with TAP Air Portugal today!


text:
Property Sales - 17086215 - Maisonette in Italy, Liguria, Savona, Bergeggi
Two bedroom apartment with private entrance from its own garden, and an exceptional sea views. Available fully furnished or finished to your own specifications.Easy access to the Resort amenities like indoor and heated outdoor pools, sauna, turkish bath, relax area and gym as well as to the large 4 hectares panoramic park that is part of the Dominio MARE resort. Walking distance to the village of Bergeggi and the private beach (spiaggia privata in concessione) complete the luxurious living style.The minute you arrive at Resort Dominio MARE, admiring the spectacular sea view, you'll feel a million miles away from it all.The Resort enjoys a professionally organized management service available to owners and guests, which include a proper letting system to promote the Resort internationally and to welcome the guests in the complex.All Villas and apartments have been designed (and constructed) with stringent eco-contruction criteria for every highly efficient energy performances. Solar thermal and photovoltaic implants provide renewable energy production too, to achieve a high level of sustainability.Bergeggi is easily accessible from the airports of Genoa (35min) and Nice/Milan (90min).There are two golf courses nearby, the Finlanda and the championship Garlenda Golf Club. Local diving conditions are excellent, particularly from scenic Bergeggi Island, just off the coast. You can even go whale-watching.Mountain biking, trekking, birdwatching and watersports are all available close by, with a ski resort just an hour's drive away. The village enjoys the wonderful climate of the Italian Riviera, with warm summers and mild winters providing around 300 days of sunshine a year - so there'll be plenty of chances to dine alfresco, either at your holiday home or one of Bergeggi's delightful restaurants.Portofino, Cinque Terre, Monaco, Nizza, Genoa, Milan and Turin can all be visited for day trips.Realitalia is a UK company specialised in restoring old properties and using eco construction methods for building new properties in Italy and has won many international awards. You buy directly from us so no agent fees need to be paid and we offer you detailed information of the project a third person could never provide. Our assistance can be in English, Italian, German and French and we offer the possibility of personalisation of your future home, interior design and furnishing. We have 15 years experience in helping foreigners buy in Italy providing guidance throughout the whole process.
IMPORTANT NOTICE Please note that:
1. We have no authority to make or give any representations or warranties in relation to the Properties. These particulars do not form any part of an offer or contract and must not be relied upon as statements or representations of fact.
2. All areas, measurements and distances are approximate (if square meters indications are supplied they normally refer to gross floor areas). All texts, photographs and plans are for guidance only and are not necessarily comprehensive.
3. Properties are delivered in accordance with the Standard Specifications. Fitting and furniture as well as the Realitalia Interior Design Solutions and the Realitalia Premium Specifications are not included in the prices shown, which are pricing guidelines.
4. The pricing guidelines are expressed in euros, do not include VAT or transaction costs, and do not include parking spaces and/or garages. All informations is subject to change at any time without notice.
Please arrange for a currency company to contact me about saving money on international
transfers when I purchase
I'm interested to find out more about mortgage finance options in this country -
please arrange for contact about this
I will need to use a lawyer to represent me when I buy - please put me in touch
with a specialist in this country
Date added: 02 Apr 2015
Date added: 31 Mar 2015


text:
Little Pioneer Children
1. Little bare feet kicking dust on the way,
Walking along by the wagon all day,
Then in the firelight, kneeling to pray,
Little pioneer children.
2. Carrying water and gathering wood,
Building a campfire and cooking the food,
Learning and helping the best that they could,
Little pioneer children.
3. We can be good little pioneers, too,
Willing and cheerful in all that we do,
Walking the pathway with heaven in view,
Little pioneer children.
Text: Virginia Kammeyer
Music: Lynn Shurtleff
Artist: Kammeyer/Shurtleff
Album: Music Published in the Church Magazines: Friend
Composition Date: 1985-07-01
More Info: Friend


text: This Forum or Message Board should be of interest to all Bass anglers, especially those based or fishing in South Africa. Please let's try to keep things polite and orderly whilst sharing Bass fishing information, ideas, experiences and reports which would be of interest or inspiration to others. Questions are most welcome and anyone may post answers or responses. To see your message after you have posted it, just click on the "Refresh" button on your browser. Let's make this Forum work for us!


text:
Almost one in 10 Floridians on food stamps
**email@example.com **
Unemployed and strapped for cash, Floridians are asking for state assistance to feed their families in record numbers.
In the last two years, the number of Floridians on food stamps has increased more than 40 percent to 1.7 million. That increase is the highest in the nation, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. And it's the second-largest jump in the state's history, surpassed only during the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew, said an analyst at the Center of Budget and Policy Priorities, a Washington-based think tank.
Almost one in 10 Floridians is now on food stamps, and state managers say many more qualify.
Evidence of the unprecedented rise was on display at the Florida Department of Children & Families office in Miami recently, where the line of people waiting for help snaked out the door and around the corner.
One of them was Hardy Prado, who held his 22-month-old daughter in his arms while he waited to check on the status of his application.
As a handyman, his work is irregular and his paycheck isn't enough to pay the bills. And Prado said it has been almost impossible for his partner, Ana Camacho, to find work since she left her job at a Doral flower shop on maternity leave in February 2007.
With every increase of the unemployment rate, drop in the housing market and tightening of credit, food stamp lines have lengthened, said Stacy Dean, a director at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
People ''lose income, and they need help buying food,'' she said.
Dean said it's no surprise that Florida's increase surpasses the rest of the nation. Nationally, states hit hard by the housing downturn have experienced the largest increases, such as Nevada.
Excerpt: http://www.miamiherald.com/news/breaking-news/story/829187.html


text:
Recap: Top Chef DC, Episode 12, Gastro-nauts
Another week, another episode of Top Chef! This time, the final five paired food and wine before heading to NASA to prepare meals for astronauts. And in case that wasn't exciting enough, Padma and Tom were joined by Eric Ripert, Anthony Bourdain, and Buzz Aldrin. Who got kicked off the show? How many corny space puns did the hosts drop? Who won a car? And how many times did Bourdain and Ripert look like they wanted to kill each other? It's all ahead in this week's recap!
[Warning: Spoilers ahead!]
The Quickfire
This week, the chefs had to create a dish based on a wine pairing for Padma and Dana Cowin, the editor of Food & Wine magazine. And yes, it was as boring as it sounds. I haven't heard so many references to "beautiful notes" and "subtle nuances" since Kenny G released his last CD.
With seven minutes left to go, Kevin realized his pork was still totally raw. He opted to use quail instead, which was a huge mistake because it doesn't pair well with Merlot. Sorry, Kevin—the FAILBOAT just arrived in port, and you're its only passenger.
Not surprisingly, Dana wasn't a fan of Kevin's dish and noted that the Merlot completely overpowered the delicate quail. She enjoyed Angelo's foie gras with Evolution white wine, and ultimately named him the winner of the challenge. As an additional prize, Angelo won a trip to London. Hopefully, his Russian girlfriend/wife/whatever will have her "paperwork" worked out in time to join him.
Padma then told the chefs that for the first time in Top Chef history, the final four would be going to Singapore to compete in their final challenges. This news caused Angelo to utter two of the most asinine sentences I've ever heard in my life: "I feel Asian inside 100%. I mean I tingle when I think about it." Hey Chandler, you wanna take this one for me buddy?
Elimination Challenge
For this week's elimination challenge, Top Chef sent the finalists to NASA to prepare a dish that could be freeze-dried and taken into space. I, like Kelly, am a huge space nerd and was very excited to see what they would come up with. Say, did you know the light hitting the Earth right now is about 30 thousand years old? Coincidentally, that's about how long this season of Top Chef feels like it has been airing.
Once they got to the NASA control room, they were forced to watch an episode of Semi-Homemade. Just kidding. Actually, they had to watch an equally corny video of two astronauts floating around at the space station. "You have to create a dish that's (dramatic pause) OUT OF THIS WORLD," they said, as if they had just come up with the most hilarious pun we Earthlings had ever heard. "Good luck. SHOOT FOR THE STARS!" Um, guys, you might just want to quit while you're ahead.
The chefs were then given a few bits of advice from a peculiar woman with braces that made her look like she just arrived on Earth from a distant planet: "Don't use too much sugar, and don't prepare large pieces of food because they don't freeze well," she warned. That, my friends, is called foreshadowing, and it will come into play later.
I would totally have my blogger card revoked if I didn't mention how Angelo rudely crashed his cart into some poor unsuspecting woman who was minding her own business while shopping at Whole Foods. He didn't even turn his head around to apologize or see if he hurt her. What's that? The universe revolves around Angelo? Sorry, I forgot. Moving on.
Tom Colicchio showed up while everyone was cooking, and stuck around long enough to mock Angelo's short ribs and call Kelly nerdy because she liked space stuff. Things were going swimmingly until the very end, when Tiffany noticed the mussels she put in the refrigerator had frozen. This upset her immensely, and caused her to frown for the rest of the episode. It was awful to watch. It was then that I realized the cold, hard truth: A day without Tiffany's smile is like A DAY WITHOUT SUN.
The next morning, the chefs got a note that said they'd be driving to the NASA kitchen in a brand new car, which would then be awarded to the winner of the challenge as an additional prize. Of course, they ran outside faster than Anthony Bourdain could crack a joke about Sandra Lee's Kwanzaa cake, and they found a boring, black Toyota Avalon waiting for them. In true Top Chef fashion, they proceeded to drool over the car for the next 10 minutes: "It has leather," they excitedly swooned. Yeah, so does the seat on my exercise bike, but you don't see me foaming at the mouth about it.
The most entertaining parts of the episode came during judging, when Anthony Bourdain and Eric Ripert expressed staggeringly different opinions about some of the dishes. First, Eric said that Ed's Moroccan inspired rack of lamb was too complicated. Bourdain immediately disagreed, and did what any of us would have done when we were seven: He teased him by mocking his last name. "I wanna disagree with my colleague Mister RIP IT," Bourdain said. "Ed nailed it. And I've been to Morocco." Well then. I guess you'd know, Mr. BORE-Dain. (Har, har, har. See what I did there?)
Anthony playfully lashed out at Eric again over Angelo's dish. Ripert felt that it was way too acidic, and Bourdain disagreed again. "I'm shocked by Ripert's dark, cynical, snarky, and negative world view because it's all about love and optimism for me now," he said. Wow. Bourdain's really turning into a softie in his old age. Either that, or Angelo had a fruit basket sent to his green room. Hey, it worked for Rachael Ray.
Oh, by the way, Buzz Aldrin was eating with them too, but they didn't give him much camera time. Padma and Tom asked him what it felt like to walk on the moon, and I just rolled my eyes. I bet he's never been asked that one before! Way to bring your interview A-game, guys!
In the end, and with very little fanfare, Angelo was named the winner of the challenge—even though he smothered his shortribs with enough sugary candied ginger to choke a mule, one of the two things they were told not to do. He got the car and a copy of Anthony Bourdain's new book, and his food will be sent to outer space where it probably belongs. He then disappeared into the back room to congratulate himself and stroke his car key in private. True story.
Tom said the judges were really splitting hairs to find flaws, because the remaining dishes were all so great. And after deliberating, they ultimately sent Tiffany home. I must say I am really disappointed to see her go. She was a great competitor and her food was rock solid. She excelled over the past few weeks, and I think the judges made a huge mistake by keeping her over Kevin, who simply prepared a boring sirloin and called it a day.
Sorry, Tiffany. I was rooting for you. But look on the bright side: at least you won't have to witness Angelo "tingling" when he gets to Singapore.
What did you think of the episode, Serious Eaters? Should Tiffany have gone home?
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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The Walt Disney Company recently unveiled a massive overhaul of their Test Track high-speed driving simulator at EPCOT center in Orlando. None of the famous cartoon characters make an appearance, but the ride does feature an unlikely new star: CAD software.
The original version of the ride focused on the rigorous testing process GM cars go through. Visitors would endure an hour-long wait in line while watching videos of crash tests, enjoy 5 minutes of high-speed fun on the Test Track, and then get dumped into a showroom where they could sit in a brand new Chevy Malibu. Not exactly Disney's finest magic, and they knew it — so they set out to upgrade things.
The notes for the redesign were simple. Core ride mechanics couldn't change, but the wait in line, the look of the ride, and the post-ride experience had to be reimagined for videogame-era attention spans.
GM tapped design manager Jeff Mylenek and his team to oversee the overhaul in partnership with Disney Imagineers. Instead of focusing on exciting Department of Transportation regulations, he wanted to get a new generation excited about design.
Now, when riders first enter the building sketches, clay models, and other tools of the designers trade surround them. He says "The goal is that guests have an idea of what it's like to be a designer – this is their initiation. We wanted to give the guest a feeling about how the design process works."
Using a proprietary CAD program, each rider gets to design his or her own virtual car on a 42-inch touchscreen. Designs start as a simple line, drawn with a finger. Budding designers can tweak the curve and see their sketch become a 3-D model with the push of a button. Wheels can be tricked out and engines can be tuned, but at each step designers see how their decisions impact the car's performance. For instance, bigger wheels give a car more control, but lower miles per gallon. Designs are saved and each creator gets an RFID card associated with their design.
After a few minutes of design time, the wannabe Harley Earls enter the ride, scan their RFID cards, and are whipped around corners at high speed. Everyone experiences the same physical ride, but at four checkpoints on the track, a leader board shows pictures of each of the cars the riders designed, along with stats about how their virtual cars would have fared on that section. After a final 65 MPH burst, riders get to see how their design performed in the simulation overall. They also see the highest scoring designs of the day, sparking ideas for new modifications and repeat rides.
"The old post-show experience encourages the guest to watch; the new show invites them to participate," says Mylenek. Now, after the ride, designers scan their RFID cards and craft commercials featuring their cars, lean up against their virtual model for a green screen photo, and race their creations on a giant video game track. In the future, the hope is that a young designer could have their car 3-D printed as a souvenir.
Melissa Jeselnick, a Disney Imagineer who previously overhauled the Star Wars themed "Star Tours" attraction believes integrating technology into the parks is an important trend as attention spans shrink in today's Angry Birds era. She says "Technology lets us bring stories to parts of the parks that didn't have story originally." She also points to a recently launched Phineas and Ferb-themed, cell phone-driven virtual scavenger hunt as a way to get guests interacting with the park, without having to wait in a line.
There were also more pedestrian design challenges. This revamp was expected to last a decade or more, so the look and feel shouldn't seem dated by next model year. Mylenek says "We didn't want the story to get old as soon as it was installed. We chose technology that could be swapped out so that we can go back and replace elements, as things get better." With 17 million people visiting the Disney Parks in Orlando every year, the systems had to be durable at able to withstand plenty of foot traffic.
Walt Disney was a perfectionist, but famously said he hoped that Disneyland would never be complete, so it could always be improved on. The Test Track revamp is a great example of creative reinvention, but also has the opportunity to imprint the fun of STEM education on young minds in a way a textbook never could.
Photos Courtesy of The Walt Disney Company


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05 December, 2012 | (01 hr)
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China is an extremely difficult environment to navigate for corporate donors. Financial and operational data of charities in China is hugely limited. Readily available data for grant makers, needed for benchmarking purposes or to help identify and vet potential domestic beneficiary or partner organizations, do not exist. What is more, the structure and regulatory environment governing the charity sector in China is vastly different from the West, making it very difficult for foreign companies to navigate it and gain comfort.
This webcast will provide insights and guidance for effective decision making on corporate philanthropy in China. It will detail what is currently known about the size, scale, and composition of the nonprofit sector and philanthropic giving in China, and will provide an overview of the unique features, key stakeholders, and major challenges the Chinese nonprofit sector faces. It will also provide practical guidance to corporate donors on how to address China-specific challenges about how to give, whom to work with, and what causes to support.
Audience: Corporate foundation, community engagement, corporate giving, and corporate social responsibility managers and executives
Lorrie G. Foster
Lorrie Foster is vice president of foundation relations for The Conference Board. In this role, she is responsible for securing new sources of project funding for the organization. She also leads The Conference Board Initiative on Corporate Philanthropy, which covers the development of a service ...Full Bio


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The NEMO® SY progressing cavity pump is used for demanding applications in every branch of industry around the globe. In bearing block design with free shaft extension, this pump can be run with any type of drive, such as servo motors, diesel motors or hydraulic drives.
The pump can also handle high-pressure applications. Four rotor/stator geometries are available, enabling the pump to be customized perfectly to your application case. The NEMO® SY is suitable for all branches of industry where low- to mid- viscosity and/or shear-sensitive, abrasive or adhesive media must be safely and gently conveyed.
Features of the NEMO® SY progressing cavity pump
- Continuous low-pulsation conveyance unaffected by fluctuations in pressure and viscosity
- Conveyance volume in proportion to rotation speed with high dosing precision over a broad rotational-speed range
- High pressure capability without valves
- Mechanical seal is located at the front of the product flow, making flushing unnecessary in many applications.
- Flange bearing separate from foot, making stator replacement easy
The NEMO® SY progressing cavity pump offers you:
- Conveying pressure up to 72 bar
- Gentle product conveyance
- Pump connections in accordance with national and international standards, as well as in specially designed models
- Easy serviceability
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- Variable modular system
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- The right joint for any application
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2 Stator
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3 Drive Chain
Coupling rod and two gimbal joints for the transmission of power from the drive to the rotor.
4 Shaft Seals
Standard with single-acting, bi-directional, wear-resistant mechanical seal. Upon request, with single- or double-acting mechanical seals of varied designs and from various manufacturers, cartridge and special seals as well as packed glands.
5 Suction and Discharge Housing
Flange and threaded connections in accordance with DIN and international standards. Materials in cast iron, steel, chrome-nickel-steel rubberized; also special materials upon request.
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Large double bearing ensures a high level of shaft stability and thereby ideal conditions for a great variety of mechanical seals. The free shaft extension makes it possible to use any drive type including diesel and hydraulic drives.
The NETZSCH NEMO® SY progressing cavity pump is available...
- in various sizes for flow rates up to 500 m3/h
- for differential pressures up to 48 bar
- in various materials, from steel to chrome-nickel-steel to highly acid-resistant materials such as duplex, Hastelloy and titanium
- with various stator elastomers, from highly abrasion-resistant natural rubber, to oil-, acid-, and alkali-resistant elastomers, to Aflas and Viton.
- in S/L-Geometry for optimal adjustment to the application
- with a variety of mechanical shaft seals and packed glands as well as special seals
The SY will conveys your substance too! Any application in the environmental, food, chemical or oil industry can be handled effortlessly. The NEMO® SY progressing cavity pump is employed in all branches of industry due to its ability to provide continuous, pressure-stable, gentle and low-pulsation conveyance and to dose nearly any substance in proportion to rotation speed. The NEMO® SY progressing cavity pump has a wide spectrum of applications is used primarily for substances with the following properties:
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- Substances with solid content
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- Abrasive
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… such as wastewater, activated sludge, plaster and cement mortar, acids, lime water, emulsion paints, soaps, adhesives, etc.
The following accessories are available for NETZSCH NEMO® bearing block pumps:
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- Application-specific baseplates
- A great variety of drive systems


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About the Author:
Jen teaches parents practical ways they can protect their kids from bullying. Using techniques she learned from her mother as well as from her experience as a dolphin trainer in Hawaii. These skills are so easy to learn even a kindergartner can understand them.
As a mother herself, Jen taught these skills to her son when he was a kindergartener and he was easily able to put them into practice the very next day. And, yes, they worked, he even endorsed her book, The Bully Vaccine.
Raising the Next Generation of Ethical, Compassionate and Responsible Adults
To learn more about how Jennifer can help parents help their kids, or to make volume purchases of her books, contact her at: email@example.com or visit her business incentives page for more information
Programs and Presentations
If you are interested in having Jen come speak to your group or business, please check out her programs page for more information
If you are interested in purchasing books to give away for your business or for your non-profit group, please contact Jennifer directly to receive a volume discount


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Summer is the season of lists. Best Burgers. Best Ice Cream. Best Place To Drink Beer And Ogle Pretty Girls And Hot Boys In The Noon-Day Sun.
This newspaper's website is even in on the act, frequently featuring lists such as our recent B.C.'s Best Beaches, should you have trouble finding your way down the cliff side to the nude-fest at Wreck.
These lists tend to be summer-centric, no surprise, initiated by the mass exodus off our couches and away from our electronic diversions and small screens, where we've parked our duffs for much of the year awaiting those few weeks when our pale bodies seek the warmth.
We probably like lists because they don't require much deep thinking, which is perfect for the season, and, if they're done right, they bring out the competitive nature of the reader, whose job it is to digest and then disagree.
If Maclean's magazine offers 99 Reasons Why It's Better to Be Canadian, as it did in a Canada Day issue, chances are you'll not only dispute the choices but have a few of your own to add.
Another recent cover story, Maclean's Book of Lists, Vol. 2, contains all manner of fascinating facts, including where Canadians have the best sex and Don Cherry's tips for would-be peacocks.
News stories often spur the list-making machinery. For instance, actor Johnny Depp's latest camp-fest he's a ridiculous looking Tonto in the new Lone Ranger bomb prompted one journalist to offer up the Best Westerns: 10 Cowboy Classics and Icons of the Old West, a list that did not include Tombstone with Val Kilmer's charming Huckleberry and is therefore not to be taken seriously.
All of which brings us to Icons: The 50 Most Stylish Canadians Of All Time, Flare magazine's "Collector's Edition" on newsstands and featuring on its front an unflattering shot of model Linda Evangelista, her head in a bandana as she wrests herself out of a car.
VIEW MORE PHOTOS HERE, or if you're using a mobile app, tap the story image and swipe.
Flare's list of 50 Canadian style icons, you'll be shocked to discover, does not contain one reference to Cherry or his hideous haberdashery, for which we are grateful. But it, inexplicably, gives the nod, in a back-of-the-magazine sidebar, to only six Canadian men, an egregious oversight to which we'll return in a moment.
The list's editors, perhaps intentionally, have concluded that style is akin to beauty and fashion and not necessarily panache or smarts or mien. Oh, and iconic style seems to exists largely east of the Rockies, where the most of the chosen 50 hail from, which can only mean that Lululemon and North Face flunked the fashion test.
Of the 50, seven are fashion models, 13 are in the music industry, four are "wordsmiths," seven are actors, seven are artists, and 12 are "fashion worlders," the latter clearly synonymous with socialites and/or philanthropists.
There are some worthy choices, such as Joni Mitchell and Deepa Mehta, whose respective iconic beauty is buried deep in their ethereal Prairie roots and ethnic sensibilities. And there's Celia Franca, the graceful and poised founder of the National Ballet of Canada. And Jane Jacobs, whose modest black turtlenecks and darn-rimmed glasses oozed intellectual chic.
And then things go downhill.
Pamela Anderson? Engineered boobs, unkempt clothing and bed head are the new holy trinity of style? Kim Cattrall? Love Samantha, but no. And Carly Rae Jepsen? Call me a maybe.
And, hey Flare, where are the men? Your six-pack of iconic male choices, found at the back of the editorial bus, is an afterthought without thought. (The only man among the top 50 is Joe Mimran, the creator of Joe Fresh, pictured with his wife Kimberley Newport-Mimran as part of a designing worlder couple.)
And those six afterthoughts? Ryan Gosling, Drake, Bryan Adams, Donald Sutherland, Joe Zee (who is Joe Zee?) and Tim Blanks.
With all due respect, "the best of all time?" Maybe if time is measured only in the 21st century.
Where, for instance, are those stylish prime ministers of yore, the quaintly-cravatted John A. Macdonald, and the uber-rakish Pierre Elliott Trudeau? How about Glenn Gould? And if it has to be recent history, how about a few westcoasters, like the retro cool Michael Bublé, or Ryan Reynolds? And where is David Suzuki, who was never so environmentally magnetic as when he was photographed wearing nothing but a strategically-placed maple leaf. What about Vancouver's own condo marketing whiz Bob Rennie, whose slim suits paired with Converse sneakers have become the new urban uniform.
As for Joe Zee, he is the Toronto-raised creative director of American Elle, which clearly qualifies him for the list, as does his sartorial credo that black is the new black.
Like the list, we could go on.
VIEW MORE PHOTOS HERE, or if you're using a mobile app, tap the story image and swipe.


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Risk management
Safeguarding trust and stability
Risk management is one of the key factors in our economic stability. We safeguard our future through effective management of capital, liquidity and risk.
We identify, value and monitor the relevant risks and manage our capital in such a way that our risk capacity is always guaranteed. We do this in the framework of our risk policy, which is determined by the Board of Directors of VP Bank Group. The risk policy subsumes the risk strategy and regulates the relevant principles, structures, methods and tools as well as the Group's targets and limits. In this way we handle each group of risks separately.
Capital management and asset and liability management
- Monitoring of capital and asset/liability structures to comply with regulatory requirements and cover operational needs
- Simulation and analysis of stress situations by way of defining an adequate level of capitalisation
Liquidity management
- Monitoring of liquidity to comply with regulatory requirements and cover operational needs
- Simulation of stress situations and analysis of their impact on liquidity
Credit risks
- Monitoring and management of credit risks with regard to their significance for client lending business
Market risks
- Securing comfortable levels of liquidity and capitalisation to guarantee risk capacity
- Monitoring and management of market risks
Operational risks (OpRisks)
- Ongoing development of the systematic management of operational risks
- Conduct of risk assessments at the parent company and expansion and optimisation of the existing internal control system (ICS)


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MacroSystem (US & Germany): Casablanca
Image of Rev 1.2 Casablanca Motion with labels - 2920 x 2220, 1139K
|Case Type:
|Set Top Box
|Bus Controller:
|Expansion Slots:
|Standard CHIP RAM:
|Unknown, but probably has a unified memory bus
|RAM sockets:
|2 x 72pin SIMM Slots (EDO appears to be supported)
|Hard Drive Controllers:
|Drive Bays:
|Expansion Ports:
|Floppy Drive:
|1.44MB PC Floppy Drive
|Motherboard Revisions:
|Rev 1.2 Casablanca Motion
|Battery Backed Up Clock:
The Casablanca was designed as a complete video editing solution and was the successor to the Draco with a cheaper price tag of around $3,500. Many models of Casablanca exist, but only the first model or the first few models were clones of the Amiga. Newer models are largely based around PC hardware. It made use of the Amiga's ROMs and operating system with various patches to drive the hardware. The Casablanca probably isn't too practical to run traditional Amiga software because it is a highly integrated device and in fact, may even be largely incompatible with most Amiga software. The Casablanca makes uses of proprietary hardware such as flash cards for updates (to prevent piracy), custom hard drive mechanisms and DVD burners.
|Contributions to this page by:
Bohus Blahut, Jean Baudrand
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Letzte Änderung des Artikels: 2010-02-28 22:46
Revision: 1.1
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We are conducting training programmes focused on imparting knowledge on cyber forensics, generally done for Law Enforcement Agencies.
We are successful in carrying out various levels of training from Awareness to Advanced level
courses to personnel from agencies like Kerala Police, CBI, Army, Judicial Officers and
Forensic Science Labs.
Training will be provided if the total number of participants exceeds Ten.


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Dear brother/sister in Christ,
First thing about me : I am a sinner. But, thanks GOD, I decided to get rid of the sins and to get my freedom back. To get my heart cleanned up of any passion, of any bad thinking or judgement, of any bad will. GOD is everywhere to help me. GOD is the Beauty from everyone and from everything. I do believe in this Beauty! GOD came for the sinners like me to help recover from my powerless to defeat the death.
May GOD bless and save you all !
Mircea, a sinner