text:
In your answer concerning "carry your cross," you say concerning abortion that "God made mankind in His own image and to take a human life is murder because the Commandment says 'You shall not murder.'" Doesn't the same apply to sending young men and women in the armed forces to kill and to die? Shouldn't we be opposed to war?
If I am following you correctly, you are asking whether the taking of life in war is murder, and if so whether Christians ought to oppose it.
The Bible does not teach us that all taking of human life is murder. Our Shorter Catechism sums up the Scriptures' teaching on the taking of human life in questions 68 and 69:
Q68: What is required in the Sixth Commandment?
A68: The Sixth Commandment requireth all lawful endeavours to preserve our own life, and the life of others.
Q69: What is forbidden in the Sixth Commandment?
A69: The Sixth Commandment forbiddeth the taking away of our own life, or the life of our neighbour unjustly, or whatsoever tendeth thereunto.
Note the words "lawful" in 68 and "unjustly" in 69. Human life, while precious to the Lord, is not an absolute value, and its preservation ought not overturn justice. It is to be preserved in accordance with God's Law, and if it is to be taken, it must be taken in accordance with God's Law. But it may be taken under certain circumstances.
In Genesis 9:6, God establishes capital punishment as a just punishment for murder: "Whoever sheds man's blood, by man his blood shall be shed; for in the image of God he made man."
In Romans 13:1-7, we are told that rulers (governments) "bear the sword" in order to execute God's wrath on the evildoer and to keep safe those who do good. Clearly, in the New Testament era during which we live, the power to use capital punishment, or to take human life more generally, is reserved to governments in accordance with God's Law in Scripture.
Abortion is wrong because it is taking human life unjustly. The aborted child has committed no crime which warrants death, and so abortion is murder. A murderer, on the other hand, has committed a crime warranting death, and so his execution (by the government) is not murder, but capital punishment.
It is therefore appropriate for governments to wage war ("bearing the sword" against foreign evildoers) if their intent is to protect the lives and preserve the peace of their own people. Thus, Christian members of the U.S. Congress are not obliged by their faith to oppose each and every war. If, however, they believe a particular war is being waged for reasons which are not in accord with God's Law, they would be obliged to oppose it.
I hope this clarifies what has thus far confused you. Please let me know if I can be of further help. I pray the Lord will lead you as you study His Word for His will in all things.
"Questions and Answers" is a weekly feature of the OPC website. The answers come from individual ministers in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church expressing their own convictions and do not necessarily represent an "official" position of the Church, especially in areas where the Standards of the Church (the Scriptures and the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms) are silent.
The questions come from individuals like yourself. If you have questions about biblical and theological matters, you are invited to send them by e-mail by using the "Pose a Question" link on the OPC home page or by clicking here.
At least one new question is posted each week, so there should always be something new here for you to read. (For those people who would like to look at previous questions and answers, they will continue to be available as well.)
The purpose of the OPC website's "Questions and Answers" is to respond to biblical and theological questions. Matters of church discipline, disputes, or debates go beyond the scope of our work. We recommend that you present your concerns in these areas to the appropriate judicatory. In most cases this will be to a local pastor, elder, or session. We do not want the website to replace personal involvement in, or commitment to, the local, visible church.
While we will respond to every serious questioner, we are not bound to give a substantive answer to every question, should we deem the question to be beyond the scope of our purpose or our own ability to answer.
You will receive an answer by e-mail. Please be patient as many of our respondents are busy pastors. The response to your question may take up to two (2) weeks. Some of the questions submitted will be chosen to be posted here, along with the corresponding answers.
Note that the "Questions and Answers" posted on the site have been editedall personal references are removed, Scripture references or from some source may be added, and sometimes portions are expandedto make the questions and answers more useful to a larger audience.
|© 2020 The Orthodox Presbyterian Church
Chaplains and Military Personnel


text:
Robert Kelly
Robert Kelly has overcome many hardships in his life, all of which have made him the actor/comedian he is today. From his early days as a kid growing up in Boston in and out of Juvenile Hall, Kelly's unique, honest take on his own life and his relationships makes his comedy clever, abrasive, funny, but yet refreshingly vulnerable.
He has been winning over audiences for the last 18 years. In addition to clubs and colleges nationwide, Kelly has traveled across the country in the "Tourgasm Live" tour with Dane Cook and Gary Gulman and has performed at the Just For Laughs Festival (Montreal 2010)
He was recently seen as Louie CK's brother Robbie on FX's "Louie" and will soon be seen on CBS's new drama "The 2-2. His other credits include Comedy Central Special "Comics Anonymous," "Comedy Central Presents Robert Kelly," "Tourgasm" on HBO, "Jimmy Kimmel Live" on ABC, "Premium Blend" on Comedy Central, "Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn" on Comedy Central, "The Carson Daly Show" on NBC, " "Law & Order," "Awesomely Oversexed" on VH1 and "The Jim Breuer Show" on MTV.
His movie credits include "Ghost Town," "What Doesn't Kill You," "Children of Invention", "Bachelor No. 2" and "Good Luck Chuck." He also produced and starred in his first short film "Cheat " which will debuted at The Tribeca Film Festival in New York. He also has a book coming out based on the movie. He also has a top rated podcast called "You Know What Dude?" that can be found on iTunes or riotcast.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We've heard reports of a season ticket waiting list 17k strong. We've heard rumors that BMO Field will be a grass surface in 2010. Now comes a report that TFC has been named the 2009 "Brand of the Year" by Canadian Business Magazine "Strategy"The magazine cites TFC's marketing efforts, brand awareness and fan experience. The award is an important recognition of TFC's strong marketing effort. For more on "Strategy" and to read the article, click here.
In Philadelphia, the Union have announced a partnership with youth program with YSC Academy. The arrangement creates a four stage junior academy that starts at age 8 and hopefully brings players up through the Union system into the senior team. Importantly, the Team will afford players from underprivileged areas the opportunity to participate. These are the types of programs that will enable MLS to improve domestic talent while increasing its profile in the various communities. The League has been undergoing a substantial effort to improve its youth programs by the creation of various academies.
One final note; the CBA is coming up on its date of expiration and negotations between the League and Players' Union are continuing. We will be covering the story in depth as negotiations move forward, but for now, we recommend the recent piece in Major League Soccer Talk as a Primer.
Filed under: Uncategorized | Tagged: MLS CBA, YSC Academy |


text:
Frequent Links
|This article is outdated. (February 2014)
PageRank works by counting the number and quality of links to a page to determine a rough estimate of how important the website is. The underlying assumption is that more important websites are likely to receive more links from other websites.[2]It is not the only algorithm used by Google to order search engine results, but it is the first algorithm that was used by the company, and it is the best-known.[3][4]
- 1 Description
- 2 History
- 3 Algorithm
- 4 Variations
- 5 Other uses
- 6 nofollow
- 7 Deprecation
- 8 See also
- 9 Notes
- 10 References
- 11 Relevant patents
- 12 External links
PageRank is a link analysis algorithm and it assigns a numerical weighting to each element of a hyperlinked set of documents, such as the World Wide Web, with the purpose of "measuring" its relative importance within the set. The algorithm may be applied to any collection of entities with reciprocal quotations and references. The numerical weight that it assigns to any given element E is referred to as the PageRank of E and denoted by <math>PR(E).</math> Other factors like Author Rank can contribute to the importance of an entity.
A PageRank results from a mathematical algorithm based on the webgraph, created by all World Wide Web pages as nodes and hyperlinks as edges, taking into consideration authority hubs such as cnn.com or usa.gov. The rank value indicates an importance of a particular page. A hyperlink to a page counts as a vote of support. The PageRank of a page is defined recursively and depends on the number and PageRank metric of all pages that link to it ("incoming links"). A page that is linked to by many pages with high PageRank receives a high rank itself.
Numerous academic papers concerning PageRank have been published since Page and Brin's original paper.[5] In practice, the PageRank concept may be vulnerable to manipulation. Research has been conducted into identifying falsely influenced PageRank rankings. The goal is to find an effective means of ignoring links from documents with falsely influenced PageRank.[6]
Other link-based ranking algorithms for Web pages include the HITS algorithm invented by Jon Kleinberg (used by Teoma and now Ask.com),[citation needed] the IBM CLEVER project, the TrustRank algorithm and the hummingbird algorithm.
The idea of formulating a link analysis problem as an eigenvalue problem was probably first suggested in 1976 by Gabriel Pinski and Francis Narin, who worked on scientometrics ranking scientific journals.[7] PageRank was developed at Stanford University by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1996[8] as part of a research project about a new kind of search engine.[9] Sergey Brin had the idea that information on the web could be ordered in a hierarchy by "link popularity": a page is ranked higher as there are more links to it.[10] It was co-authored by Rajeev Motwani and Terry Winograd. The first paper about the project, describing PageRank and the initial prototype of the Google search engine, was published in 1998:[5] shortly after, Page and Brin founded Google Inc., the company behind the Google search engine. While just one of many factors that determine the ranking of Google search results, PageRank continues to provide the basis for all of Google's web search tools.[11]
The name "PageRank" plays off of the name of developer Larry Page, as well as the concept of a web page.[12] The word is a trademark of Google, and the PageRank process has been patented (U.S. Patent 6,285,999). However, the patent is assigned to Stanford University and not to Google. Google has exclusive license rights on the patent from Stanford University. The university received 1.8 million shares of Google in exchange for use of the patent; the shares were sold in 2005 for $336 million.[13][14]
PageRank was influenced by citation analysis, early developed by Eugene Garfield in the 1950s at the University of Pennsylvania, and by Hyper Search, developed by Massimo Marchiori at the University of Padua. In the same year PageRank was introduced (1998), Jon Kleinberg published his important work on HITS. Google's founders cite Garfield, Marchiori, and Kleinberg in their original papers.[5][15]
A small search engine called "RankDex" from IDD Information Services designed by Robin Li was, since 1996, already exploring a similar strategy for site-scoring and page ranking.[16] The technology in RankDex would be patented by 1999[17] and used later when Li founded Baidu in China.[18][19] Li's work would be referenced by some of Larry Page's U.S. patents for his Google search methods.[20]
The PageRank algorithm outputs a probability distribution used to represent the likelihood that a person randomly clicking on links will arrive at any particular page. PageRank can be calculated for collections of documents of any size. It is assumed in several research papers that the distribution is evenly divided among all documents in the collection at the beginning of the computational process. The PageRank computations require several passes, called "iterations", through the collection to adjust approximate PageRank values to more closely reflect the theoretical true value.
A probability is expressed as a numeric value between 0 and 1. A 0.5 probability is commonly expressed as a "50% chance" of something happening. Hence, a PageRank of 0.5 means there is a 50% chance that a person clicking on a random link will be directed to the document with the 0.5 PageRank.
Simplified algorithm
Assume a small universe of four web pages: A, B, C and D. Links from a page to itself, or multiple outbound links from one single page to another single page, are ignored. PageRank is initialized to the same value for all pages. In the original form of PageRank, the sum of PageRank over all pages was the total number of pages on the web at that time, so each page in this example would have an initial value of 1. However, later versions of PageRank, and the remainder of this section, assume a probability distribution between 0 and 1. Hence the initial value for each page is 0.25.
The PageRank transferred from a given page to the targets of its outbound links upon the next iteration is divided equally among all outbound links.
If the only links in the system were from pages B, C, and D to A, each link would transfer 0.25 PageRank to A upon the next iteration, for a total of 0.75.
- <math>PR(A)= PR(B) + PR(C) + PR(D).\,</math>
Suppose instead that page B had a link to pages C and A, page C had a link to page A, and page D had links to all three pages. Thus, upon the first iteration, page B would transfer half of its existing value, or 0.125, to page A and the other half, or 0.125, to page C. Page C would transfer all of its existing value, 0.25, to the only page it links to, A. Since D had three outbound links, it would transfer one third of its existing value, or approximately 0.083, to A. At the completion of this iteration, page A will have a PageRank of 0.458.
- <math>PR(A)= \frac{PR(B)}{2}+ \frac{PR(C)}{1}+ \frac{PR(D)}{3}.\,</math>
In other words, the PageRank conferred by an outbound link is equal to the document's own PageRank score divided by the number of outbound links L( ).
- <math>PR(A)= \frac{PR(B)}{L(B)}+ \frac{PR(C)}{L(C)}+ \frac{PR(D)}{L(D)}. \,</math>
In the general case, the PageRank value for any page u can be expressed as:
- <math>PR(u) = \sum_{v \in B_u} \frac{PR(v)}{L(v)}</math>,
i.e. the PageRank value for a page u is dependent on the PageRank values for each page v contained in the set Bu (the set containing all pages linking to page u), divided by the number L(v) of links from page v.
Damping factor
The PageRank theory holds that an imaginary surfer who is randomly clicking on links will eventually stop clicking. The probability, at any step, that the person will continue is a damping factor d. Various studies have tested different damping factors, but it is generally assumed that the damping factor will be set around 0.85.[5]
The damping factor is subtracted from 1 (and in some variations of the algorithm, the result is divided by the number of documents (N) in the collection) and this term is then added to the product of the damping factor and the sum of the incoming PageRank scores. That is,
- <math>PR(A) = {1 - d \over N} + d \left( \frac{PR(B)}{L(B)}+ \frac{PR(C)}{L(C)}+ \frac{PR(D)}{L(D)}+\,\cdots \right).</math>
So any page's PageRank is derived in large part from the PageRanks of other pages. The damping factor adjusts the derived value downward. The original paper, however, gave the following formula, which has led to some confusion:
- <math>PR(A)= 1 - d + d \left( \frac{PR(B)}{L(B)}+ \frac{PR(C)}{L(C)}+ \frac{PR(D)}{L(D)}+\,\cdots \right).</math>
The difference between them is that the PageRank values in the first formula sum to one, while in the second formula each PageRank is multiplied by N and the sum becomes N. A statement in Page and Brin's paper that "the sum of all PageRanks is one"[5] and claims by other Google employees[21] support the first variant of the formula above.
Page and Brin confused the two formulas in their most popular paper "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine", where they mistakenly claimed that the latter formula formed a probability distribution over web pages.[5]
Google recalculates PageRank scores each time it crawls the Web and rebuilds its index. As Google increases the number of documents in its collection, the initial approximation of PageRank decreases for all documents.
The formula uses a model of a random surfer who gets bored after several clicks and switches to a random page. The PageRank value of a page reflects the chance that the random surfer will land on that page by clicking on a link. It can be understood as a Markov chain in which the states are pages, and the transitions, which are all equally probable, are the links between pages.
If a page has no links to other pages, it becomes a sink and therefore terminates the random surfing process. If the random surfer arrives at a sink page, it picks another URL at random and continues surfing again.
When calculating PageRank, pages with no outbound links are assumed to link out to all other pages in the collection. Their PageRank scores are therefore divided evenly among all other pages. In other words, to be fair with pages that are not sinks, these random transitions are added to all nodes in the Web, with a residual probability usually set to d = 0.85, estimated from the frequency that an average surfer uses his or her browser's bookmark feature.
So, the equation is as follows:
- <math>PR(p_i) = \frac{1-d}{N} + d \sum_{p_j \in M(p_i)} \frac{PR (p_j)}{L(p_j)}</math>
where <math>p_1, p_2, ..., p_N</math> are the pages under consideration, <math>M(p_i)</math> is the set of pages that link to <math>p_i</math>, <math>L(p_j)</math> is the number of outbound links on page <math>p_j</math>, and N is the total number of pages.
The PageRank values are the entries of the dominant left eigenvector of the modified adjacency matrix. This makes PageRank a particularly elegant metric: the eigenvector is
- <math>
\mathbf{R} = \begin{bmatrix} PR(p_1) \\ PR(p_2) \\ \vdots \\ PR(p_N) \end{bmatrix} </math> where R is the solution of the equation
- <math>
\mathbf{R} =
\begin{bmatrix} {(1-d)/ N} \\ {(1-d) / N} \\ \vdots \\ {(1-d) / N} \end{bmatrix}
+ d
\begin{bmatrix} \ell(p_1,p_1) & \ell(p_1,p_2) & \cdots & \ell(p_1,p_N) \\ \ell(p_2,p_1) & \ddots & & \vdots \\ \vdots & & \ell(p_i,p_j) & \\ \ell(p_N,p_1) & \cdots & & \ell(p_N,p_N) \end{bmatrix}
where the adjacency function <math>\ell(p_i,p_j)</math> is 0 if page <math>p_j</math> does not link to <math>p_i</math>, and normalized such that, for each j
- <math>\sum_{i = 1}^N \ell(p_i,p_j) = 1</math>,
i.e. the elements of each column sum up to 1, so the matrix is a stochastic matrix (for more details see the computation section below). Thus this is a variant of the eigenvector centrality measure used commonly in network analysis.
Because of the large eigengap of the modified adjacency matrix above,[22] the values of the PageRank eigenvector can be approximated to within a high degree of accuracy within only a few iterations.
As a result of Markov theory, it can be shown that the PageRank of a page is the probability of arriving at that page after a large number of clicks. This happens to equal <math>t^{-1}</math> where <math>t</math> is the expectation of the number of clicks (or random jumps) required to get from the page back to itself.
One main disadvantage of PageRank is that it favors older pages. A new page, even a very good one, will not have many links unless it is part of an existing site (a site being a densely connected set of pages, such as Wikipedia).
Several strategies have been proposed to accelerate the computation of PageRank.[23]
Various strategies to manipulate PageRank have been employed in concerted efforts to improve search results rankings and monetize advertising links. These strategies have severely impacted the reliability of the PageRank concept,[citation needed] which purports to determine which documents are actually highly valued by the Web community.
Since December 2007, when it started actively penalizing sites selling paid text links, Google has combatted link farms and other schemes designed to artificially inflate PageRank. How Google identifies link farms and other PageRank manipulation tools is among Google's trade secrets.
PageRank can be computed either iteratively or algebraically. The iterative method can be viewed as the power iteration method[24][25] or the power method. The basic mathematical operations performed are identical.
At <math>t=0</math>, an initial probability distribution is assumed, usually
- <math>PR(p_i; 0) = \frac{1}{N}</math>.
At each time step, the computation, as detailed above, yields
- <math>PR(p_i;t+1) = \frac{1-d}{N} + d \sum_{p_j \in M(p_i)} \frac{PR (p_j; t)}{L(p_j)}</math>,
or in matrix notation
- <math>\mathbf{R}(t+1) = d \mathcal{M}\mathbf{R}(t) + \frac{1-d}{N} \mathbf{1}</math>, (*)
where <math>\mathbf{R}_i(t)=PR(p_i; t)</math> and <math>\mathbf{1}</math> is the column vector of length <math>N</math> containing only ones.
The matrix <math>\mathcal{M}</math> is defined as
- <math>\mathcal{M}_{ij} = \begin{cases} 1 /L(p_j) , & \mbox{if }j\mbox{ links to }i\ \\ 0, & \mbox{otherwise} \end{cases}
</math> i.e.,
- <math>\mathcal{M} := (K^{-1} A)^T</math>,
where <math>A</math> denotes the adjacency matrix of the graph and <math>K</math> is the diagonal matrix with the outdegrees in the diagonal.
The computation ends when for some small <math>\epsilon</math>
- <math>|\mathbf{R}(t+1) - \mathbf{R}(t)| < \epsilon</math>,
i.e., when convergence is assumed.
For <math>t \to \infty</math> (i.e., in the steady state), the above equation (*) reads
- <math>\mathbf{R} = d \mathcal{M}\mathbf{R} + \frac{1-d}{N} \mathbf{1}</math>. (**)
The solution is given by
- <math>\mathbf{R} = (\mathbf{I}-d \mathcal{M})^{-1} \frac{1-d}{N} \mathbf{1}</math>,
with the identity matrix <math>\mathbf{I}</math>.
The solution exists and is unique for <math>0 < d < 1</math>. This can be seen by noting that <math>\mathcal{M}</math> is by construction a stochastic matrix and hence has an eigenvalue equal to one as a consequence of the Perron–Frobenius theorem.
Power Method
If the matrix <math>\mathcal{M}</math> is a transition probability, i.e., column-stochastic with no columns consisting of just zeros and <math>\mathbf{R}</math> is a probability distribution (i.e., <math>|\mathbf{R}|=1</math>, <math>\mathbf{E}\mathbf{R}=\mathbf{1}</math> where <math>\mathbf{E}</math> is matrix of all ones), Eq. (**) is equivalent to
- <math>\mathbf{R} = \left( d \mathcal{M} + \frac{1-d}{N} \mathbf{E} \right)\mathbf{R} =: \widehat{ \mathcal{M}} \mathbf{R}</math>. (***)
Hence PageRank <math>\mathbf{R}</math> is the principal eigenvector of <math>\widehat{\mathcal{M}}</math>. A fast and easy way to compute this is using the power method: starting with an arbitrary vector <math>x(0)</math>, the operator <math>\widehat{\mathcal{M}}</math> is applied in succession, i.e.,
- <math> x(t+1) = \widehat{\mathcal{M}} x(t)</math>,
- <math>|x(t+1) - x(t)| < \epsilon</math>.
Note that in Eq. (***) the matrix on the right-hand side in the parenthesis can be interpreted as
- <math> \frac{1-d}{N} \mathbf{E} = (1-d)\mathbf{P} \mathbf{1}^t</math>,
where <math>\mathbf{P}</math> is an initial probability distribution. In the current case
- <math>\mathbf{P} := \frac{1}{N} \mathbf{1}</math>.
Finally, if <math>\mathcal{M}</math> has columns with only zero values, they should be replaced with the initial probability vector <math>\mathbf{P}</math>. In other words
- <math>\mathcal{M}^\prime := \mathcal{M} + \mathcal{D}</math>,
where the matrix <math>\mathcal{D}</math> is defined as
- <math>\mathcal{D} := \mathbf{P} \mathbf{D}^t</math>,
- <math>\mathbf{D}_i = \begin{cases} 1, & \mbox{if }L(p_i)=0\ \\ 0, & \mbox{otherwise} \end{cases}</math>
In this case, the above two computations using <math>\mathcal{M}</math> only give the same PageRank if their results are normalized:
- <math> \mathbf{R}_{\textrm{power}} = \frac{\mathbf{R}_{\textrm{iterative}}}{|\mathbf{R}_{\textrm{iterative}}|} =
PageRank MATLAB/Octave implementation
% Parameter M adjacency matrix where M_i,j represents the link from 'j' to 'i', such that for all 'j' % sum(i, M_i,j) = 1 % Parameter d damping factor % Parameter v_quadratic_error quadratic error for v % Return v, a vector of ranks such that v_i is the i-th rank from [0, 1] function [v] = rank(M, d, v_quadratic_error) N = size(M, 2); % N is equal to half the size of M v = rand(N, 1); v = v ./ norm(v, 2); last_v = ones(N, 1) * inf; M_hat = (d .* M) + (((1 - d) / N) .* ones(N, N)); while(norm(v - last_v, 2) > v_quadratic_error) last_v = v; v = M_hat * v; v = v ./ norm(v, 2); end endfunction function [v] = rank2(M, d, v_quadratic_error) N = size(M, 2); % N is equal to half the size of M v = rand(N, 1); v = v ./ norm(v, 1); % This is now L1, not L2 last_v = ones(N, 1) * inf; M_hat = (d .* M) + (((1 - d) / N) .* ones(N, N)); while(norm(v - last_v, 2) > v_quadratic_error) last_v = v; v = M_hat * v; % removed the L2 norm of the iterated PR end endfunction
Example of code calling the rank function defined above:
M = [0 0 0 0 1 ; 0.5 0 0 0 0 ; 0.5 0 0 0 0 ; 0 1 0.5 0 0 ; 0 0 0.5 1 0]; rank(M, 0.80, 0.001)
This example takes 13 iterations to converge.
The following is a proof that rank.m is incorrect. It is based on the first graphic example. My understanding is that rank.m uses the wrong norm on the input, then continues to renormalize L2, which is unnecessary.
Depending on the framework used to perform the computation, the exact implementation of the methods, and the required accuracy of the result, the computation time of these methods can vary greatly.
PageRank of an undirected graph
The PageRank of an undirected graph G is statistically close to the degree distribution of the graph G,[26] but they are generally not identical: If R is the PageRank vector defined above, and D is the degree distribution vector
- <math>
D = {1\over 2|E|} \begin{bmatrix} deg(p_1) \\ deg(p_2) \\ \vdots \\ deg(p_N) \end{bmatrix} </math> where <math>deg(p_i)</math> denotes the degree of vertex <math>p_i</math>, and E is the edge-set of the graph, then, with <math>Y={1\over N}\mathbf{1}</math>, by:[27]
<math>{1-d\over1+d}\|Y-D\|_1\leq \|R-D\|_1\leq \|Y-D\|_1,</math>
that is, the PageRank of an undirected graph equals to the degree distribution vector if and only if the graph is regular, i.e., every vertex has the same degree.
Distributed Algorithm for PageRank Computation
There are simple and fast random walk-based distributed algorithms for computing PageRank of nodes in a network.[28] They present a simple algorithm that takes <math>O(\log n/\epsilon)</math> rounds with high probability on any graph (directed or undirected), where n is the network size and <math>\epsilon</math> is the reset probability (<math> 1-\epsilon</math> is also called as damping factor) used in the PageRank computation. They also present a faster algorithm that takes <math> O(\sqrt{\log n}/\epsilon)</math> rounds in undirected graphs. Both of the above algorithms are scalable, as each node processes and sends only small (polylogarithmic in n, the network size) number of bits per round. For directed graphs, they present an algorithm that has a running time of <math> O(\sqrt{\log n/\epsilon})</math>, but it requires a polynomial number of bits to processed and sent per node in a round.
Google Toolbar
The Google Toolbar's PageRank feature displays a visited page's PageRank as a whole number between 0 and 10. The most popular websites have a PageRank of 10. The least have a PageRank of 0. Google has not disclosed the specific method for determining a Toolbar PageRank value, which is to be considered only a rough indication of the value of a website.
PageRank measures the number of sites that link to a particular page.[29] The PageRank of a particular page is roughly based upon the quantity of inbound links as well as the PageRank of the pages providing the links. The algorithm also includes other factors, such as the size of a page, the number of changes, the time since the page was updated, the text in headlines and the text in hyperlinked anchor texts.[10]
The Google Toolbar's PageRank is updated infrequently, so the values it shows are often out of date.
SERP Rank
The search engine results page (SERP) is the actual result returned by a search engine in response to a keyword query. The SERP consists of a list of links to web pages with associated text snippets. The SERP rank of a web page refers to the placement of the corresponding link on the SERP, where higher placement means higher SERP rank. The SERP rank of a web page is a function not only of its PageRank, but of a relatively large and continuously adjusted set of factors (over 200),.[30] Search engine optimization (SEO) is aimed at influencing the SERP rank for a website or a set of web pages.
Positioning of a webpage on Google SERPs for a keyword depends on relevance and reputation, also known as authority and popularity. PageRank is Google's indication of its assessment of the reputation of a webpage: It is non-keyword specific. Google uses a combination of webpage and website authority to determine the overall authority of a webpage competing for a keyword.[31] The PageRank of the HomePage of a website is the best indication Google offers for website authority.[32]
After the introduction of Google Places into the mainstream organic SERP, numerous other factors in addition to PageRank affect ranking a business in Local Business Results.[33]
Google directory PageRank
The Google Directory PageRank was an 8-unit measurement. Unlike the Google Toolbar, which shows a numeric PageRank value upon mouseover of the green bar, the Google Directory only displayed the bar, never the numeric values. Google Directory was closed on July 20, 2011.[34]
False or spoofed PageRank
In the past, the PageRank shown in the Toolbar was easily manipulated. Redirection from one page to another, either via a HTTP 302 response or a "Refresh" meta tag, caused the source page to acquire the PageRank of the destination page. Hence, a new page with PR 0 and no incoming links could have acquired PR 10 by redirecting to the Google home page. This spoofing technique was a known vulnerability. Spoofing can generally be detected by performing a Google search for a source URL; if the URL of an entirely different site is displayed in the results, the latter URL may represent the destination of a redirection.
Manipulating PageRank
For search engine optimization purposes, some companies offer to sell high PageRank links to webmasters.[35] As links from higher-PR pages are believed to be more valuable, they tend to be more expensive. It can be an effective and viable marketing strategy to buy link advertisements on content pages of quality and relevant sites to drive traffic and increase a webmaster's link popularity. However, Google has publicly warned webmasters that if they are or were discovered to be selling links for the purpose of conferring PageRank and reputation, their links will be devalued (ignored in the calculation of other pages' PageRanks). The practice of buying and selling links is intensely debated across the Webmaster community. Google advises webmasters to use the nofollow HTML attribute value on sponsored links. According to Matt Cutts, Google is concerned about webmasters who try to game the system, and thereby reduce the quality and relevance of Google search results.[35]
The intentional surfer model
The original PageRank algorithm reflects the so-called random surfer model, meaning that the PageRank of a particular page is derived from the theoretical probability of visiting that page when clicking on links at random. A page ranking model that reflects the importance of a particular page as a function of how many actual visits it receives by real users is called the intentional surfer model.[36] The Google toolbar sends information to Google for every page visited, and thereby provides a basis for computing PageRank based on the intentional surfer model. The introduction of the nofollow attribute by Google to combat Spamdexing has the side effect that webmasters commonly use it on outgoing links to increase their own PageRank. This causes a loss of actual links for the Web crawlers to follow, thereby making the original PageRank algorithm based on the random surfer model potentially unreliable. Using information about users' browsing habits provided by the Google toolbar partly compensates for the loss of information caused by the nofollow attribute. The SERP rank of a page, which determines a page's actual placement in the search results, is based on a combination of the random surfer model (PageRank) and the intentional surfer model (browsing habits) in addition to other factors.[37]
Other uses
The mathematics of PageRank are entirely general and apply to any graph or network in any domain. Thus, PageRank is now regularly used in bibliometrics, social and information network analysis, and for link prediction and recommendation. It's even used for systems analysis of road networks, as well as biology, chemistry, neuroscience, and physics.[38]
Personalized PageRank is used by Twitter to present users with other accounts they may wish to follow.[39]
Swiftype's site search product builds a "PageRank that's specific to individual websites" by looking at each website's signals of importance and prioritizing content based on factors such as number of links from the home page.[40]
A version of PageRank has recently been proposed as a replacement for the traditional Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) impact factor,[41] and implemented at Eigenfactor as well as at SCImago. Instead of merely counting total citation to a journal, the "importance" of each citation is determined in a PageRank fashion.
A similar new use of PageRank is to rank academic doctoral programs based on their records of placing their graduates in faculty positions. In PageRank terms, academic departments link to each other by hiring their faculty from each other (and from themselves).[42]
PageRank has been used to rank spaces or streets to predict how many people (pedestrians or vehicles) come to the individual spaces or streets.[43][44] In lexical semantics it has been used to perform Word Sense Disambiguation,[45] Semantic similarity,[46] and also to automatically rank WordNet synsets according to how strongly they possess a given semantic property, such as positivity or negativity.[47]
A Web crawler may use PageRank as one of a number of importance metrics it uses to determine which URL to visit during a crawl of the web. One of the early working papers [48] that were used in the creation of Google is Efficient crawling through URL ordering,[49] which discusses the use of a number of different importance metrics to determine how deeply, and how much of a site Google will crawl. PageRank is presented as one of a number of these importance metrics, though there are others listed such as the number of inbound and outbound links for a URL, and the distance from the root directory on a site to the URL.
The PageRank may also be used as a methodology to measure the apparent impact of a community like the Blogosphere on the overall Web itself. This approach uses therefore the PageRank to measure the distribution of attention in reflection of the Scale-free network paradigm.
In any ecosystem, a modified version of PageRank may be used to determine species that are essential to the continuing health of the environment.[50]
For the analysis of protein networks in biology PageRank is also a useful tool.[51] [52]
In 2005, in a pilot study in Pakistan, Structural Deep Democracy, SD2[53][54] was used for leadership selection in a sustainable agriculture group called Contact Youth. SD2 uses PageRank for the processing of the transitive proxy votes, with the additional constraints of mandating at least two initial proxies per voter, and all voters are proxy candidates. More complex variants can be built on top of SD2, such as adding specialist proxies and direct votes for specific issues, but SD2 as the underlying umbrella system, mandates that generalist proxies should always be used.
In early 2005, Google implemented a new value, "nofollow",[55] for the rel attribute of HTML link and anchor elements, so that website developers and bloggers can make links that Google will not consider for the purposes of PageRank—they are links that no longer constitute a "vote" in the PageRank system. The nofollow relationship was added in an attempt to help combat spamdexing.
As an example, people could previously create many message-board posts with links to their website to artificially inflate their PageRank. With the nofollow value, message-board administrators can modify their code to automatically insert "rel='nofollow'" to all hyperlinks in posts, thus preventing PageRank from being affected by those particular posts. This method of avoidance, however, also has various drawbacks, such as reducing the link value of legitimate comments. (See: Spam in blogs#nofollow)
In an effort to manually control the flow of PageRank among pages within a website, many webmasters practice what is known as PageRank Sculpting[56]—which is the act of strategically placing the nofollow attribute on certain internal links of a website in order to funnel PageRank towards those pages the webmaster deemed most important. This tactic has been used since the inception of the nofollow attribute, but may no longer be effective since Google announced that blocking PageRank transfer with nofollow does not redirect that PageRank to other links.[57]
PageRank was once available for the verified site maintainers through the Google Webmaster Tools interface. However on October 15, 2009, a Google employee confirmed that the company had removed PageRank from its Webmaster Tools section, saying that "We've been telling people for a long time that they shouldn't focus on PageRank so much. Many site owners seem to think it's the most important metric for them to track, which is simply not true."[58] In addition, The PageRank indicator is not available in Google's own Chrome browser.
The visible page rank is updated very infrequently. It was last updated in November of 2013. In October of 2014 Matt Cutts announced that another visible pagerank update would not be coming.[59]
PageRank is now one of 200 ranking factors that Google uses to determine a page's popularity. Google Panda is one of the other strategies Google now relies on to rank popularity of pages. Even though PageRank is no longer directly important for SEO purposes, the existence of back-links from more popular websites continues to push a webpage higher up in search rankings.[60]
See also
- EigenTrust — a decentralized PageRank algorithm
- Google bomb
- Google Search
- Google matrix
- Google Panda
- VisualRank - Google's application of PageRank to image-search
- Hilltop algorithm
- Link love
- Methods of website linking
- Power method — the iterative eigenvector algorithm used to calculate PageRank
- Search engine optimization
- SimRank — a measure of object-to-object similarity based on random-surfer model
- Topic-Sensitive PageRank
- TrustRank
- Webgraph
- CheiRank
- Google Penguin
- Google Hummingbird
- ^ "Google Press Center: Fun Facts". www.google.com. Archived from the original on 2009-04-24.
- ^ "Facts about Google and Competition". Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
- ^ http://www.google.com/competition/howgooglesearchworks.html. Missing or empty
- ^ Sullivan, Danny. "What Is Google PageRank? A Guide For Searchers & Webmasters". Search Engine Land.
- ^ a b c d e f doi:10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by hand
- ^ Gyöngyi, Zoltán; Berkhin, Pavel; Garcia-Molina, Hector; Pedersen, Jan (2006), "Link spam detection based on mass estimation", Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB '06, Seoul, Korea) (PDF), pp. 439–450.
- ^ Gabriel Pinski and Francis Narin. "Citation influence for journal aggregates of scientific publications: Theory, with application to the literature of physics". Information Processing & Management 12 (5): 297–312. doi:10.1016/0306-4573(76)90048-0.
- ^ Raphael Phan Chung Wei (2002-05-16). New Straits Times (Computimes; 2 ed.). Missing or empty
|chapter=ignored (help)
- ^ Page, Larry, "PageRank: Bringing Order to the Web" at the Wayback Machine (archived May 6, 2002), Stanford Digital Library Project, talk. August 18, 1997 (archived 2002)
- ^ a b 187-page study from Graz University, Austria, includes the note that also human brains are used when determining the page rank in Google
- ^ "Google Technology". Google.com. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
- ^ David Vise and Mark Malseed (2005). The Google Story. p. 37. ISBN 0-553-80457-X.
- ^ Lisa M. Krieger (1 December 2005). "Stanford Earns $336 Million Off Google Stock". San Jose Mercury News, cited by redOrbit. Retrieved 2009-02-25.
- ^ Richard Brandt. "Starting Up. How Google got its groove". Stanford magazine. Retrieved 2009-02-25.
- ^ Page, Lawrence; Brin, Sergey; Motwani, Rajeev and Winograd, Terry (1999). "The PageRank citation ranking: Bringing order to the Web". , published as a technical report on January 29, 1998 PDF
- ^ Li, Yanhong (August 6, 2002). "Toward a qualitative search engine". Internet Computing, IEEE (IEEE Computer Society) 2 (4): 24–29. doi:10.1109/4236.707687.
- ^ USPTO, "Hypertext Document Retrieval System and Method", U.S. Patent number: 5920859, Inventor: Yanhong Li, Filing date: Feb 5, 1997, Issue date: Jul 6, 1999
- ^ Greenberg, Andy, "The Man Who's Beating Google", Forbes magazine, October 05, 2009
- ^ "About: RankDex", rankdex.com
- ^ Cf. especially Lawrence Page, U.S. patents 6,799,176 (2004) "Method for scoring documents in a linked database", 7,058,628 (2006) "Method for node ranking in a linked database", and 7,269,587 (2007) "Scoring documents in a linked database"2011
- ^ Matt Cutts's blog: Straight from Google: What You Need to Know, see page 15 of his slides.
- ^ Taher Haveliwala and Sepandar Kamvar. (March 2003). "The Second Eigenvalue of the Google Matrix" (PDF). Stanford University Technical Report: 7056. Bibcode:2003math......7056N. arXiv:math/0307056.
- ^ Gianna M. Del Corso, Antonio Gullí, Francesco Romani (2005). "Fast PageRank Computation via a Sparse Linear System". Internet Mathematics. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2 (3): 118. ISBN 978-3-540-23427-2. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30216-2_10.
- ^ Arasu, A. and Novak, J. and Tomkins, A. and Tomlin, J. (2002). "PageRank computation and the structure of the web: Experiments and algorithms". Proceedings of the Eleventh International World Wide Web Conference, Poster Track. Brisbane, Australia. pp. 107–117.
- ^ Massimo Franceschet (2010). "PageRank: Standing on the shoulders of giants". arXiv:1002.2858 [cs.IR].
- ^ Nicola Perra and Santo Fortunato.; Fortunato (September 2008). "Spectral centrality measures in complex networks". Phys. Rev. E, 78 (3): 36107. Bibcode:2008PhRvE..78c6107P. arXiv:0805.3322. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.78.036107.
- ^ Vince Grolmusz (2012). "A Note on the PageRank of Undirected Graphs". ArXiv 1205 (1960): 1960. Bibcode:2012arXiv1205.1960G. arXiv:1205.1960.
- ^ Atish Das Sarma, Anisur Rahaman Molla, Gopal Pandurangan, Eli Upfal (2012). "Fast Distributed PageRank Computation". arXiv:1208.3071 [cs.DC,cs.DS].
- ^ Google Webmaster central discussion on PR
- ^ Fishkin, Rand; Jeff Pollard (April 2, 2007). "Search Engine Ranking Factors - Version 2". seomoz.org. Retrieved May 11, 2009.[unreliable source?]
- ^ Dover, D. Search Engine Optimization Secrets Indianapolis. Wiley. 2011.
- ^ Viniker, D. The Importance of Keyword Difficulty Screening for SEO. Ed. Schwartz, M. Digital Guidebook Volume 5. News Press. p 160–164.
- ^ "Ranking of listings : Ranking - Google Places Help". Google.com. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
- ^ Google Directory#Google Directory
- ^ a b "How to report paid links". mattcutts.com/blog. April 14, 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
- ^ Jøsang, A. (2007). "Trust and Reputation Systems". In Aldini, A. Foundations of Security Analysis and Design IV, FOSAD 2006/2007 Tutorial Lectures. (PDF) 4677. Springer LNCS 4677. pp. 209–245. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74810-6.
- ^ SEOnotepad. "Myth of the Google Toolbar Ranking".
- ^ Gleich, David F. (18 July 2014). "PageRank beyond the Web". arXiv. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
- ^ Pankaj Gupta, Ashish Goel, Jimmy Lin, Aneesh Sharma, Dong Wang, and Reza Bosagh Zadeh WTF: The who-to-follow system at Twitter, Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web
- ^ Ha, Anthony (2012-05-08). "Y Combinator-Backed Swiftype Builds Site Search That Doesn't Suck". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2014-07-08.
- ^ Johan Bollen, Marko A. Rodriguez, and Herbert Van de Sompel.; Rodriguez; Van De Sompel (December 2006). "Journal Status". Scientometrics 69 (3): 1030. Bibcode:2006cs........1030B. arXiv:cs.GL/0601030. doi:10.1145/1255175.1255273.
- ^ Benjamin M. Schmidt and Matthew M. Chingos (2007). "Ranking Doctoral Programs by Placement: A New Method" (PDF). PS: Political Science and Politics 40 (July): 523–529. doi:10.1017/s1049096507070771.
- ^ B. Jiang (2006). "Ranking spaces for predicting human movement in an urban environment". International Journal of Geographical Information Science 23 (7): 823–837. arXiv:physics/0612011. doi:10.1080/13658810802022822.
- ^ Jiang B., Zhao S., and Yin J. (2008). "Self-organized natural roads for predicting traffic flow: a sensitivity study". Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment. P07008 (7): 008. Bibcode:2008JSMTE..07..008J. arXiv:0804.1630. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2008/07/P07008.
- ^ Roberto Navigli, Mirella Lapata. "An Experimental Study of Graph Connectivity for Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI), 32(4), IEEE Press, 2010, pp. 678–692.
- ^ M. T. Pilehvar, D. Jurgens and R. Navigli. Align, Disambiguate and Walk: A Unified Approach for Measuring Semantic Similarity.. Proc. of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2013), Sofia, Bulgaria, August 4–9, 2013, pp. 1341-1351.
- ^ Andrea Esuli and Fabrizio Sebastiani. "PageRanking WordNet synsets: An Application to Opinion-Related Properties" (PDF). In Proceedings of the 35th Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Prague, CZ, 2007, pp. 424–431. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
- ^ "Working Papers Concerning the Creation of Google". Google. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ Cho, J., Garcia-Molina, H., and Page, L. (1998). "Efficient crawling through URL ordering". Proceedings of the seventh conference on World Wide Web (Brisbane, Australia).
- ^ Burns, Judith (2009-09-04). "Google trick tracks extinctions". BBC News. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
- ^ G. Ivan and V. Grolmusz (2011). "When the Web meets the cell: using personalized PageRank for analyzing protein interaction networks". Bioinformatics (Vol. 27, No. 3. pp. 405-407) 27 (3): 405–7. PMID 21149343. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq680.
- ^ D. Banky and G. Ivan and V. Grolmusz (2013). "Equal opportunity for low-degree network nodes: a PageRank-based method for protein target identification in metabolic graphs". PLoS One (Vol. 8, No. 1. e54204) 8 (1): 405–7. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...854204B. PMID 23382878. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054204.
- ^ "Yahoo! Groups". Groups.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
- ^ "CiteSeerX — Autopoietic Information Systems in Modern Organizations". Citeseerx.ist.psu.edu. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
- ^ "Preventing Comment Spam". Google. Retrieved January 1, 2005.
- ^ "PageRank Sculpting: Parsing the Value and Potential Benefits of Sculpting PR with Nofollow". SEOmoz. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
- ^ "PageRank sculpting". Mattcutts.com. 2009-06-15. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
- ^ Susan Moskwa. "PageRank Distribution Removed From WMT". Retrieved October 16, 2009
|chapter=ignored (help)
- ^ Bartleman, Wil (2014-10-12). "Google Page Rank Update is Not Coming". Managed Admin. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
- ^ "So...You Think SEO Has Changed". 19.03.14. Check date values in:
- Altman, Alon; Moshe Tennenholtz (2005). "Ranking Systems: The PageRank Axioms" (PDF). Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Electronic commerce (EC-05). Vancouver, BC. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
- Cheng, Alice; Eric J. Friedman (2006-06-11). "Manipulability of PageRank under Sybil Strategies" (PDF). Proceedings of the First Workshop on the Economics of Networked Systems (NetEcon06). Ann Arbor, Michigan. Retrieved 2008-01-22.
- Farahat, Ayman; LoFaro, Thomas; Miller, Joel C.; Rae, Gregory and Ward, Lesley A. (2006). "Authority Rankings from HITS, PageRank, and SALSA: Existence, Uniqueness, and Effect of Initialization". SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 27 (4): 1181–1201. doi:10.1137/S1064827502412875.
- Haveliwala, Taher; Jeh, Glen and Kamvar, Sepandar (2003). "An Analytical Comparison of Approaches to Personalizing PageRank" (PDF). Stanford University Technical Report.
- Langville, Amy N.; Meyer, Carl D. (2003). "Survey: Deeper Inside PageRank". Internet Mathematics 1 (3).
- Langville, Amy N.; Meyer, Carl D. (2006). Google's PageRank and Beyond: The Science of Search Engine Rankings. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12202-4.
- Richardson, Matthew; Domingos, Pedro (2002). "The intelligent surfer: Probabilistic combination of link and content information in PageRank" (PDF). Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14.
Relevant patents
- Original PageRank U.S. Patent—Method for node ranking in a linked database—Patent number 6,285,999—September 4, 2001
- PageRank U.S. Patent—Method for scoring documents in a linked database—Patent number 6,799,176—September 28, 2004
- PageRank U.S. Patent—Method for node ranking in a linked database—Patent number 7,058,628—June 6, 2006
- PageRank U.S. Patent—Scoring documents in a linked database—Patent number 7,269,587—September 11, 2007
External links
- Our Search: Google Technology by Google
- How Google Finds Your Needle in the Web's Haystack by the American Mathematical Society


text:
1) Adhesive Type Coin Holder
– These coin holders are of Adhesive Type ( This is similar to a sticker)
Meaning the coin holder's inside surface has an adhesive coating.
When you remove the silicone, you have to place the coin in the middle of the holder and fold it.
So the cardboard will stick to the cardboard on the other side while the coin remains at the center.
-As these coin holders are of adhesive type, these need not be stapled like ordinary coin holders
2)These coin holders are made up of High quality white board.
3)Thick plastic film at center of the coin holder to prevent it from any type of dust, dirt & finger oils from direct contact.
4) Extra Strong cohesion between plastic & the white board holds the coin firmly.
5) Coin holders have nice round cornered smooth edges.
6) The coin holder has a Perforation (a dotted partition if you check the pics) at the middle so that the coin holder can be folded equally and easily when a coin is being placed.
7) A Single Pack contains 50 pcs.
The measurement 18 mm refers to the diameter of the coins.
Following coins can be used in this coin holder size:
British India Coins
– George V 1/12 Anna
– George VI 1/12 Anna
– Two Annas (Silver)
Republic & Commemorative Coins
– 1 Naya Paisa
– 1 Paisa
– 10 Paise (Stainless Steel)
All coins with diameter less than 18 mm.
In case we haven't listed the coin you have, then measure the diameter of your coin and choose the Coin Holder size accordingly.


text:
University News
24-Hour 6thFan Vote Marathon Begins Feb. 22
February 20, 2014
MACOMB, IL – If Kiefer Sutherland can do it in 24 hours, so can Western Illinois University.
Tim Hallinan, director of Western's Annual Fund and a WIU alumnus, is putting out a call to action for students, faculty, staff, alumni and friends to vote, vote and vote some more – as many times as possible in a 24-hour period – for WIU in the NCAA's 6th Fan Contest. The Leathernecks have advanced to the Sweet 16 of the competition, and as a result of the top-16 finish, WIU has already earned $10,000 toward the University's general scholarship fund. The winner of the overall competition will win $100,000, which will go to the University's general scholarship fund.
Western is currently battling the New Mexico Lobos for a spot in the Elite Eight. At present, WIU is ahead, 51 percent to 49 percent. When Western advances, they will most likely be battling for a Final Four spot against arch rival, the South Dakota State Jackrabbits. Elite Eight voting will be held Feb. 24-March 2.
Hallinan is challenging others to vote as many times as possible from noon Saturday through noon Sunday (and beyond), and to put his money (or his vote) where his mouth is, he will set up camp in WIU's phonathon lab in Morgan Hall 124 for 24 hours where he will be spearheading the "marathon voting." Other University faculty and staff are encouraged to join Hallinan in the lab, or they can stay put in the comfort of their own home and vote the day and night away for Western.
"Our Leatherneck pride across both campuses, as well as from friends and alumni across the country, has already allowed us to win $10,000 in scholarship funding for our students. I want a spotlight on our commitment to our University and to our students on a national stage as we battle for the championship prize of $100,000 in scholarship support," Hallinan said. "Our current and future students deserve this, and there's no reason why we should not beat New Mexico and move forward in the contest. I'm looking forward to being on campus Saturday and voting all day and all night, and I hope others, both near and far, will join me in voting for Western."
Fans are encouraged to continue voting for WIU's advance to the Elite Eight and beyond via Facebook, Twitter (by using #6thFan #WILL) and ncaa.com/6thFan.
Posted By: WIU News (firstname.lastname@example.com)
Office of University Relations


text:
Leonardo DiCaprio Discusses Shark Survival Story on 'Ellen'!
Leonardo DiCaprio flashes his signature smile while making an appearance on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, which airs today on NBC.
On the show, the 39-year-old actor detailed some behind the scenes tidbits about filming the infamous ham scene in The Wolf of Wall Street.
"It all resulted in this insane sequence in the end where Jonah [Hill] decides to stuff ham into his mouth as well and crashes into a plate glass table and we were doing this CPR sequence and you know the big challenge that day we had to do 70 takes because they couldn't get this ham to stick on my face and they had to put K-Y Jelly and there's literally a guy there behind this giant window with a plastic spoon just flicking ham on my face all day long as I'm doing this insane sequence," Leo said. "But it was almost, it was one of the most surreal things I've ever done in my entire career.
Also check out a video below, where Leonardo discusses surviving being in a shark tank with a Great White!
"I went scuba diving looking for sharks and I had a huge fear of sharks and when I did Blood Diamond in 2006 I actually got stuck in a cage with a great white, which was awesome," Leo said. Find out what happened below!
FYI: Leo is wearing a Shamballa Jewels 10mm Black Onyx Bracelet


text:
I saw two movies more or less by accident that turned out to be two of my favorites here (at the Venice Film Festival). When I was first here I tried to get into the new Kelly Reichardt movie, but it was sold out, so I looked in the catalog to see what was close — and starting soon. There was one choice — MAY IN THE SUMMER, written, directed by and starring Cherien Dabis, about an American Jordanian woman who goes to see her mother in Amman in the weeks leading up to her wedding. It's a very appealing film, a comedy drama with several good women's roles, and if it doesn't get a distribution deal to allow it to be seen all over the USA (Dabis is American, by the way), then something is really wrong. But maybe it has a deal already. I haven't checked.
The other one is sort of light years from MAY IN THE SUMMER in terms of mood, but, in its own way, just as good: Ti West's THE SACRAMENT. This I didn't even know about. A friend of mine from the US, who happened to be here, thought it would be fun to see a movie about a religious cult, and at the last minute I decided to go. Two things are particularly notable about the film: One is the amazing performance by Gene Jones as the cult leader, particularly in the astonishing interview scene. He allows himself to be interviewed before his congregation (out in Guyana or something) by a visiting reporter, and the energy at that interview is so strange. At no point does the cult leader threaten the interviewer, but the threat is there.
The second remarkable thing about THE SACRAMENT is it's willingness to the edge and past it, in terms of shocking the audience — not with ugly visuals, which would be easy, but with intense, extreme situations rooted in character. When I saw it at the Pala Biennale, it was a whole audience of 1000 people gasping and saying "Holy s—" in about six different languages.
The movie isn't perfect. The second act should be longer. Jones deserves more to work with. But the first and third acts are very much THERE, and they make for a memorable experience, to say the least.


text:
Sleep Strip 30 Pack$39.99
Our unique IDLife Sleep Strips help bring your body into balance so you can enjoy restful, restorative, deep sleep. The fresh-tasting mint-flavored strips melt in your mouth, and deliver a complex of nutrients, including melatonin, L-Theanine and 5HTP, in a tri-phasic approach that supports all three phases of the sleep cycle. You'll wake up refreshed, relaxed and rejuvenated, but won't have the lingering after-effect that so many sleep aids leave you with.
DNA Bundle$249.99
What you don't know about your health could be keeping you from the results of your dreams. Finally, you can connect the dots from your DNA to your personalized nutrition program!*
Slim+ 15 Pack - Berry Lemonade$40.99
15 Sticks of individually wrapped Slim + powder in Berry Lemonade. Slim+ is a delicious formula designed to help you manage weight, control your hunger and curb those unwanted sugar cravings while providing focus and energy to power through your day.
New Energy 15 Pack - Tropical Fruit$34.99
1 Bag of Energy Drink Powder in Orange or Mixed Berry Flavor, containing 15 single serving sticks. Through a unique and proprietary blend of natural energy boosters, IDLife's Energy is a 20 calorie nutritional supplement that provides up to 6 hours of sustained energy without the jitters, over-stimulation, or crash experienced with other energy products that helps you get through a tough training session, provide a quick pick-me-up during a slow afternoon at the office, and support a balanced diet.
Collagen+ Jar$49.99
Shop Now!


text:
Cranky Tanya's Review of "well, at least we got to see Mark Pellegrino."
I know I've lucked out before and got to recap some really fun episodes of Supernatural. This was not one of those episodes (not that the title "Repo Man" particularly suggested a romp...) Anyway, if you don't mind major SPOILERS for the episode, stick around and I'll tell you what I did and didn't like.
(But first, random anecdote! Mark Pellegrino, the show's recurring Lucifer, recently turned up on the Castle episode "The Blue Butterfly." I said, "Hey, it's that guy from--" "Practically everything?" my husband joked. Like the show's recurring demon Crowley (played by Mark Sheppard) Pellegrino does turn up on several of the shows we like, including a vampire on Being Human and mystical island guardian dude on Lost. My husband and I cracked up at a reference to Pellegrino "not aging" on Castle since he's played some sort of immortal on pretty much everything we've seen him in.)
The show opens in Idaho "four years ago" when the boys were exorcising a serial killing demon from a local guy named Jeffrey, a sensitive postal employee. Unfortunatley, they had to torture Jeffrey's body to get info from the demon within but the upside of that was, since the demon squealed on higher-ups, they felt confident it wouldn't be allowed topside any time soon. It would be in hell for a good long while. The flashback included a white magic practicing Wiccan who helped them track down Jeffrey and ended with Dean dropping Jeffrey off at the hospital.
Flash forward... Bad news for the Winchesters (and Idaho in general), the killings have started again. Since Sam and Dean can't get a new lead on Leviathan leader Dick Roman, they decide to return to Idaho on what they consider unfinished business. The Wiccan is their first stop and she says she has to take care of a few things and then she's getting out of town (since the demon threatened her last time) and asks if they've checked on Jeffrey.
We then go to some sort of group therapy session where a guy is complaining about no access to Cinemax and discover that Jeffrey is in a halfway house but is doing better. He's just received permission to care for his very own pet and as soon as he went to get the dog, I turned to my husband. "If the dog doesn't survive this episode, I am going to be upSET." My husband waved away my concerns.
Sam and Dean nab Jeffrey and ascertain that he is not possessed again. (My CW was a bit on the blink, but I think they did this by pressing a magical blade to his skin.) Then Jeffrey tries to recall what he "heard" while the demon was living in his head to give them clues.
What I probably should have mentioned sooner is that Sam has been hallucinating the devil again for this whole episode. Mark Pellegrino's Lucifer is both playfully disturbed and truly scary. He's angry that Sam won't talk to him and acts out for attention not unlike a middle school boy (only, you know, way more gruesomely). When he stuck out his tongue at Sam, I was utterly repulsed (the tongue was forked) but may have also laughed out loud accidentally.
Jeffrey says that he thinks he knows who the next victim his (town librarian) and Sam goes to check on her, with pretend-Lucifer working as his creepy, unwanted but ultimately helpful sidekick. You know how Sam presses on his old wound to ground himself in reality and make Lucifer disappear? He did this several times and my favorite moment was when he reached to do that and Lucifer groused, "Oh, don't bother" and winked out.
Meanwhile, Jeffrey and Dean go to the demon's old nesting grounds. When they get there, Dean is surprised to find a young guy with a bloody wound on his head chained to a chair. (To date, the demon's killings have all been women.) Then we see a hand behind Dean inject him with something and realize...this can't be good. As soon as Dean and Jeffrey walked into the creepy place, I told my husband I did NOT have a good feeling about Jeffrey. He told me he thought Jeffrey would get a chance to help destroy the demon and find closure that way after the last few troubled years. (No, dear, that would be what we in the biz call a happy ending.)
Sam realizes that he's been sent on a wild goose choice and his subconscious (played by Lucifer) points out an inconsistency between the recent killings and those four years ago--the victims now have been tranqued. They also discover a summoning spell written in familiar handwriting and go to see the Wiccan for answers. She greets them by trying to bop Sam upside the head--but have you seen Sam? Tough for a woman to get the drop on him like that and he thwarts her pretty quickly. She tells him that Jeffrey took her son (the wounded college kid) and was holding him hostage for the summoning spell. He wants to bring BACK the demon who possessed him. But he needs the blood of the demon's exorciser (Dean) and the heart of his pet and, I ain't gonna lie, I pretty much checked out in disgust at that point.
Turns out Jeffrey had only been a wishy-washy WANNABE serial killer before his possession, which gave him the power to act on his darkest thoughts. And he misses that power. So he brings back the demon. But the demon inhabits the Wiccan's son and Jeffrey doesn't get what he was after. (Oh, boo hoo for Jeffrey.)
In the end, the demon is vanquished and the woman and her son are reunited but it's hard to feel like this was a victory for the good guys. Especially when Sam tries to banish his hallucinated Lucifer at the end...he won't go. Sam made the mistake of interacting with the devil in head throughout the episode and now he appears stuck with him.
Maybe this episode just seemed so flat and despairing after last week's fairly funny one, and maybe I'm just still bitter (really bitter) about the dog, but I really disliked it. What about you guys? Did you find the moments of genius in it that I haven't done justice here?


text:
It's slow, it's pink, and it's piloted by an innocent looking stuffed animal wearing goggles. But that doesn't make YouTube user prallplatte's remote control trike any less badass. Better still: the trike is actually powered by steam, courtesy of a large boiler running down its spine. That's crazy.
It isn't going to win any races, or pull off any amazing jumps, but I'm happy that it slowly chugs along because it gives you plenty of time to take in all the pistons, gears and mechanical magnificence that make it run. I'm going to assume that the onboard electronics, like teddy's console, the flashing light, and the servos that turn the front wheels are powered by a battery of some sort, but bonus points will be awarded if that miniature boiler also powers an on-board generator. [YouTube via OhGizmo! via Technabob]


text:
Hi all,
We've been following your comments about the change to the forum mods' badge - from green "Moderators" to orange "Supercell Moderators" - which includes the Supercell stamp on any post they make. We did this for a few good reasons, but first let me begin with some context...
Each year we invite the mods to join us in Helsinki for a week, to meet and catch up with us, but most importantly get to know one another. The value of this is huge. We get to know each other better and consequently work together better throughout the rest of the year. Additionally, the mods meet all of the game teams and get to bounce ideas off them, primarily bringing up your concerns and hopefully getting some good answers!
This year one of the big topics was about giving the mods more 'ownership' of the forums - inspiration coming from how our game teams operate. If you didn't know, each game team truly owns their game. All decisions are made by the game team, without any external pressure from "execs", "business people", or whoever. This level of ownership means that every member of the team feels empowered and passionate about what they do, and ultimately responsible for the direction of the game. After discussing this as a group, we all felt that the mod team could really benefit from this sense of ownership.
Ownership, in practice, means giving the mods access to more of the admin tools, allowing them to do more stuff on the forums without needing to ask us - such as creating new subforums, adding post prefixes, etc. Simply put, anything that the forum needs, we want them to be able to just do!
The mods are here with you way more than we, as a small community team, can be (there are a bunch of other responsibilities that we each have within our respective game teams). So to us it makes perfect sense that the mods are the owners of the forum - they know it best after all, and are here every day out of passion for the games and the community.
In addition to this, and perhaps most pertinently, we're in contact with the mods on a daily (hourly!) basis. Each community manager at Supercell is a part of a game team, sitting in the team space; therefore, the mods are very much up to speed with what's going on development wise.
So, given that the mods know what's going on inside the game teams, and they know what's going on on the forums, we figured their posts really should reflect this and hold the same weight as any of ours (staff) would. We trust them implicitly and so should you!


text:
Rubén Darío Poetry: World Poets Analysis
(World Poets and Poetry)
Download Rubén Darío Study Guide
Rubén Darío is remembered as one of the first poetic voices of postcolonial Latin America, enormously influential as a founder of Modernismo. His work, however, underwent constant change, and no single school can claim him. He was acclaimed a Prometheus who brought modern trends of European art to newly independent Latin America; at the same time, he was an innovator in poetic form who exercised a major influence on the poetry of twentieth century Spain. In his later years, Darío retreated from the exotic imagery of Modernismo and returned to more traditional Latin American themes, including patriotism and religion.
The birth of Modernismo in Latin America coincided with South America's transition from colonialism to independence. The declining influence of Spanish culture made way for new literary sources. Latin American intellectuals had long recognized French culture as the navigational star for their society, which was throwing off the control of monarchies. Thus, in the late nineteenth century, with much of Latin America freed from the cultural sway of Spain, the influence of France was everywhere ascendant, particularly in the universities and in the world of the arts. Darío's work in particular and Modernismo in general derived primarily from the interplay between French and Spanish culture, with a rich diversity of other foreign influences.
At its heart, Modernismo was an assertion of artistic freedom—the manifesto of those whom Darío described as a "new generation of American writers [with] an immense thirst for progress and a lively enthusiasm." The Modernistas idealized art, seeking to range freely for symbolic images in the worlds of the fantastic, the mysterious, and the spiritual. Emphasizing the eclectic internationalism that characterized the movement, Darío spoke of a "close material and spiritual commerce with the different nations of the world."
Darío's work spanned thirty-five years. It consists of thousands of poems, most of them short and many of them in sonnet form. Darío's best-known works also include longer pieces, and his shorter works are sometimes grouped as suites of poems with common themes.
The most common subjects of Darío's poetry are the members of his international family of friends, his romantic loves, and the world of nature. In the tradition of French Parnassianism, he portrayed his subjects through dramatic ideals, using lavish symbolic imagery. Whatever the subject, Darío's portraits are rich in exotic imagery and symbolism. The world of his images is European as much as it is American. In places real and imagined, the reader finds unusual animals and woodland flora, and characters plucked from myth and history. Darío's poetry abounds in allusion, and he often arrays his poetic portraits of the most commonplace themes with the exotic trim of myth and history.
"A Víctor Hugo"
Early evidence of Darío's debt to French art and literature appears in the 1884 poem "A Víctor Hugo" (to Victor Hugo), a paean directed not only to the French master but also to an enumerated multitude of figures who inspired the seventeen-year-old Darío: authors, scientists, and philosophers from Europe and the United States as well as figures from mythology and the Bible. The poem describes the explosion that Hugo touched off in the heart of the self-proclaimed "sad troubadour from the New World." Throughout the work, Darío blends his pious attention to the noise and movement of nature with the voices of myth and history. The influential Spanish critic Juan Valera acknowledged the obvious: The poetry of the young Darío was marked by an immersion in the images and ideas of centuries of Western civilization. Throughout his literary life, Darío wore his new religion proudly.
"A Víctor Hugo" explodes with pithy tributes to Darío's Olympus of heroes. Venus smiles. Apollo discourses with Erato, the Muse of love poetry, and with her sister Muses. Christ preaches and dies....
(The entire section is 2,124 words.)


text:
|FreeBSD General Other questions regarding FreeBSD which do not fit in any of the categories below.
|Thread Tools
|Display Modes
How to set1000base with full-duplex ?
This works all day long!
ifconfig_re0="DHCP" defaultrouter="192.168.1.100"
On connection to my DSL I want my ETHERNET card to be 1000base(whatever) with Full-Duplex. They are all gigabyte cards and I remember that they show as 1000base(something) on Windows-7 last year, but not on FreeBSD now that I'm trying.
After a full day of trial-and-error I learned that it's important to keep your lease { interface "re0"; fixed-address 192.168.1.220 so that you can keep using it and if you change your hostname you can change the fixed-address and it will work today, or you can wait until it expire and use the same number tomorrow.
</var/db/dhclient.leases.re0> I did it like a hundred times but using the wrong stuff when it was time to bump it up to 1000base (whatever)
I tried this:
ifconfig_re0="DHCP" ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.1.220 netmask 255.255.255.0 media 1000baseTX mediaopt full-duplex" defaultrouter="192.168.1.100"
ifconfig_re0="DHCP media 1000baseTX mediaopt full-duplex" defaultrouter="192.168.1.100"
How do I make this work on FreeBSD 9.0 ?
Thanks in advance
Don't disable auto-negotiation, if it is unable to obtain the maximum rate is a problem with the driver, the cable, or the remote side (..switch/router).
Investigate those before forcing it, also, 1000baseTX exists but is not popular nor is it widely supported.. 1000BASE-T however is, it is possible that your interface actually supports 1000BASE-TX but perhaps none of your other network equipment does, opting to instead support the former.
It is also possible that the FreeBSD man page for re(4) is full of shit, and they can't tell the difference.
Thanks BSDfan666,
As usual, I been googling and reading like crazy and nowhere had I found the information you provided. Nothing even came close. This is what got me started with static IP. School did not work! In one ear, out the other. It was mostly about Win Servers, I lost instrest.
Now that you broke it down, i'm sure it's the cheap cards I brought at Fry Computers for $9.99. They said the only difference was the material, (packed mud vs the standard stuff I guest). Good to know the code is good and that even cheap hardware can be an issue.
Anyway, may I ask an additional question here. I been looking to install ntop-4.0.1_1.tbz on my (gw) but it has 51 dependencies and I bet some of those packages has even more dependencies... All I need is something for a command-line (gw). I had something like this "OR" an older version on a i386 running pf back when I first got started. It allowed me to I watch the lan and INTERNET pass through the (gw) just like the old Sygate Firewall (PSPF.EXE) do for Windows.
Or is there something more lightweight to use or is it worth installing ntop-4.0.1_1.tbz on a system with no windows managers and do it really work.
All of those GNOME type dependancies makes it seems so window like.
I have no qualms with static IP addressing, read what I said again.
After over 40/50/75 google threads, no one broke it down like you. I think I already understood what you said the first time. Bottom-line, you said "you can't squeeze mustard from A turnip" and best of all, the T-factors. A one-gig card wont pump 1000Mbps if it's hook to a cat-3 cable, etc, etc.
Static IP Addressing was not the question, yet. It was what lead me to this question "How to set 1000base with full-duplex" because since I'm doing things from scratch and just learning jail, I'm doing all I can before-hand/as i go.. This way I don't have to go backward to learn/include what I want or missed.
Sorry for the confusion. Now I "KNOW WHY" for sure set 1000base don't work because of my other hardware and the best part is I can move on to the next step with confidence. But now I'm trying to get some ntop clues with-out starting a new thread. I guest so many questions and comments by the OP can be mis-leading inside one thread.
Last edited by sharris; 22nd May 2011 at 01:08 AM.
While cleaning up of my machines, I found this buried deep and I almost deleted the directory it was in. Lite and beautiful. It was pftop not ntop. So many tops no one could have guest what I was talking about.
|Thread Tools
|Display Modes
Linear Mode
|Similar Threads
|Thread Starter
|Last Post
|/usr became full while updating via cvs
|OpenBSD Installation and Upgrading
|6th January 2010 01:08 PM
|Full disk encryption with Loop-AES
|OpenBSD Security
|23rd November 2009 12:51 AM
|/usr is full (OpenBSD 4.5 current)
|OpenBSD Packages and Ports
|10th June 2009 01:28 PM
|/ is full, can't installkernel
|FreeBSD General
|18th August 2008 06:33 AM
|gem Collisions, duplex mismatch?
|FreeBSD General
|8th July 2008 02:32 AM


text:
Gyroplane FAQs
- By Kerry Cartier
1. What does the Popular Rotorcraft Association do?
The PRA (pronounced P – R – A) is a worldwide organization of rotorcraft enthusiasts. PRA includes anyone interested in rotorcraft, and rotorcraft designers, builders, pilots, and instructors. PRA chapters offer camaraderie and rotorcraft experience, welcoming anyone interested in gyro or helicopter flight. The PRA magazine, Rotorcraft, goes to all members and is published 6 times per year.
2. What is a rotorcraft?
In the Popular Rotorcraft Association, "rotorcraft" includes anything that uses rotor blades to produce the lift needed to fly, such as helicopters and gyroplanes. A "rotorcraft" is a specific US FAA "category" of aircraft. "Helicopters" and "Gyroplanes" are specific U.S. FAA "classes" of rotorcraft. "Autogyro" or "autogiro" is often the official or colloquial term for gyroplanes in many countries. "Gyroplane" is the U.S. official term for gyros, and is often used to indicate gyroplanes that meet improved standards of safety and stability.
3. Why are they called "gyros?"
"Gyro" (pronounced Ji-row) is slang for "gyroplane," which covers all gyro types. "Autogyro" or "autogiro" sometimes refers to "tractor" configuration gyroplanes with the propeller in the front. "Gyrocopter" refers to gyro kits made by Igor Bensen, whose gyros with propellers in back introduced gyro flying to Experimental aircraft builders in the mid 1950s. [A gyro (pronounced guy-row) is a Greek sandwich.]
(The term "gyrocopter" is often used to represent all gyroplanes. The terms "gyro" and "gyrocopter" commonly connotes the small and simple Bensen Gyrocopter and its derivatives. However, the terms "gyro" and "gyrocopter", among many people, often unfavorably connotes the less than admiral safety reputation of early "gyrocopters" and it's sometimes unsafe derivatives. The proper terms "gyroplane" or "autogyro" more favorably connote versions that apply safer structural, control and stability designs.)
4. What is a gyro?
"Gyro" is a commonly used term to represent all "gyroplanes" and/or "autogyros". A gyro usually refers to a very small gyroplane with unpowered rotor blades, usually built from a kit or from plans. Agile in the air, they're flown mostly for fun. The more proper term in the U.S. is "gyroplane". Most of the questions in this FAQ are about gyroplanes.
5. How big is a gyroplane?
A typical single-seat gyroplane is about 14 feet (4.25 m) long and 8 feet (2.4 m) high, with wheels spanning 6.5 feet (2 m). Empty weight is about 500 lbs (227 kg). For travel, the rotor blades are disassembled into a box 11 feet (3.35 m) long.
6. Can a gyroplane take off vertically or hover?
Most gyroplanes require a runway for takeoff but can land with a zero to 20 foot (6 m) landing roll. A few custom-built gyroplanes have "jump takeoff capability," meaning they can jump 25 to 50 feet (7.5 to 15 m) high to t ake off. No gyroplanes can hover because their rotor blades are not powered.
7. How fast do gyroplanes fly?
Most gyroplanes cruise at 45 mph to 60 mph (72.5 to 96.5 kph). Andrew Keech's Little Wing LW-5 holds the 2006 world speed record of 168.29 kph (104.6 mph).
8. How high do gyroplanes fly?
Most gyroplanes fly under 3,000 feet above the ground because their pilots like the scenery at the lower altitudes. Specially modified gyroplanes have gone almost 20,000 feet (6,096 m) high.
9. Can gyroplanes do aerobatics?
Most gyroplane pilots fly sensibly without trying aerobatics. With a well-trained pilot, a gyroplane is capable of doing most positive-G aerobatic maneuvers. Negative-G maneuvers which can slow or stop the rotor blades should be avoided.
10. What makes a gyroplane fly?
Thrust from a propeller driven by an engine moves the gyroplane forward. Air coming in under the free-spinning rotor blades makes them rotate and produce lift. This is called "autorotation," meaning they turn on their own.
11. What do rotor blades do?
Rotor blades are really wings that turn about an axis. Small gyroplanes have rotor blades about 20 feet (6 m) in diameter and about 6 inches (15 cm) front-to-back. When these rotor blades are turning several hundred RPM, they produce lift enough for sustained flight.
12. Are gyroplanes hard to fly?
Flying some older generation, less stable gyroplanes may be considerably more difficult to fly than an airplane or helicopter. Gyroplane models employing safer aerodynamic stability designs may be as easy to fly as an airplane or helicopter. More stable gyroplanes may be considerably less sensitive to wind turbulence than other aircraft. Gyroplanes fly differently than airplanes or helicopters, and flight training is required, whether you are a pilot or not.
13. How do gyroplane flight controls work?
A gyroplane has a joystick and rudder pedals. Visualize the rotor disc as a pie tin with the rotorhead under its middle. Pushing the joystick to the right tilts the rotorhead to the right. This tilts the rotor disc to the right, and the gyroplane fuselage follows it. Same idea for going left. To go faster, the pilot pushes the joystick forward. Pushing the right rudder pedal yaws the fuselage to the right. Rudder pedals are used in turns and to line up the gyroplane with the runway in taxiing, takeoffs, and landings. To climb, add power.
14. Are gyroplanes safe to fly?
Gyroplanes will not stall, as airplanes can, making them safer at low speeds. Aerodynamically stable gyroplanes designs are much safer in turbulent winds. Landings are typically made at very slow airspeeds and can be made safely in very short distances. See "Why Rotors Instead of Wings". Rotorcraft are typically much safer structural designs as their structures are compact and do not rely on cantilever wings. Historically gyroplanes have one of the worst safety records because gyroplane pilots often taught themselves to fly in less stable designs. Today, pilots who fly more stable designs and earn their gyroplane pilot ratings with professional gyroplane flight instructors fly much safer.
15. What happens if the engine quits in midair?
The pilot eases the control stic k forward to keep his airspeed and glides to a landing. Because the gyroplane flies in autorotation, the pilot doesn't have to do anything to the rotor blades. A gyroplane has a steeper glide ratio than an airplane, typically four or five feet forward for every one foot downward.
16. How much does a gyroplane cost?
Gyroplanes can be built from plans, built from kits, or purchased used. It is possible to build a gyroplane from plans for under $10,000 US. Single-place gyroplane kits cost about twice as much. Used gyroplanes range from about $5,000 and up, usually with several thousand dollars more needed to get a cheap gyroplane into safe flying condition. Two-place gyroplanes may cost much more – similar to comparable airplanes. To all these prices, add $3,000 or more for gyroplane flight training.
17. Can I buy a ready-to-fly gyroplane?
Not in the U.S. In the U.S. as of 2/2008, all gyroplanes are built from kits or plans or are original designs. No companies presently produce a ready-to-fly gyroplane that can be licensed to fly in the US. In most other countries, gyroplanes can be purchased as ready-to-fly from the producer.
18. How difficult is it to build a gyroplane kit?
One gyroplane instructor's wife built his kits for him. Most gyroplane kits use seamless aluminum tubing with aluminum plates and fittings held together with aircraft-grade nuts, bolts, and washers. No welding is required. Time to build can be as low as 100 hours.
19. What are the advantages of owning and flying a gyroplane?
-- A feeling of real flying, just like flying used to be
-- Flies like a baby fighter plane, very maneuverable in the air
-- Amazing view from front seat/open cockpit
-- Very low kit prices, compared to airplanes/helicopters
-- Low fuel costs, using unleaded auto fuel
-- Low maintenance costs, compared to airplanes/helicopters
-- No hangar needed, keep gyroplane in your garage
-- Take gyroplane to the airport on a small trailer
-- In emergency, land on a 50 x 50-foot spot (15 m square)
-- Pride in flying a unique aircraft you built yourself
20. If there was just one thing I should learn from this gyroplane FAQ list, what is it?
Gyroplane Flight training! Get some before you decide to build anything, to see if you like gyroplane flying. Get an instructor to test-fly your gyroplane. Get flight training through solo before you even taxi your new gyroplane. Complete flight training for an FAA gyroplane rating to fly safely. This idea holds true for helicopter flight training, too.


text:
Several injured as Southwest flight's landing gear collapses
Southwest Airlines says eight people have been hurt when a jet's front landing gear collapsed as it arrived at New York's LaGuardia Airport.
The Dallas-based airline says in a statement that initial information indicated five passengers and three flight attendants have reported injuries in the landing Monday evening.
There were 150 people aboard the flight from Nashville, Tenn.
The Federal Aviation Administration says the nose gear collapsed just after the plane landed Monday.
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey says four people suffered anxiety attacks.
The FAA says the Flight 345 landed at 5:45 p.m. safely came to a stop on the tarmac.
The nose of the plane could be seen on the ground. The plane was surrounded with emergency vehicles.
The airport was temporarily closed, but one of two runways was operating shortly after 7 p.m.
"Emergency responders at New York's LaGuardia airport are assisting with an evacuation of flight 345 after the Boeing 737 arrived this evening from Nashville," Southwest said in a statement, without giving further details.
Televised images of the plane, which CNN reported was carrying more than 100 passengers, showed it surrounded by emergency vehicles.
The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.


text:
S&P: Brighter Outlook for China Property Market
Despite rising property prices in China, ratings firm Standard & Poor's upgraded its outlook on residential property in the country. Christopher Lee, managing director of S&P, tells us why things may be looking up for Chinese developers.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the the ... by its outlook for China's residential property market from negative to stable and ever con joining me now ... is Christopher Lee managing director at standard for ... good if you ... sale contrary to expectations at least adds a new now actually said this is a better time in China's property market despite rising prices why is that ... both few few reasons one this time we've seen from the CEOs include them since the middle of last year ... after the government to improve its ... credit ... has to the markets ... that's one to ... buy a sentiment from the rounds ... so we've seen transactions includes soul wrong ... we have seen better sales and so improve liquidity conditions would come over so overall the credit quality ... of property developers in China has improved and that is one of the key reasons ... why we and ... changing the outlook to stable from negative ... after the bubble I mean and a bubble diluting bubble that people are talking about given the fact that property prices despite ... government measures such as introducing capital gains and tax ... prices just continue to go up in first year cities I mean that how how do you factor that it's your airport ... and isn't there still a risk of a bubble in China ... some two once it is for example there are um ... I would say ... the purchasing power of disconnect its ... time and well wishes in property prices and is connected to the local purchasing power in other words ... it is beyond me into most people to buy ... properties into cities ... and we need to bear in mind for example two once it is shown in Bejing bezel ... major capital few major cities attracted capital for ... not just China but for all of the world's opium to them by themselves they are U S markets ... so there is an element of ... the huge investment demand driving the market and as the results you know those priced fuel prices are disconnected from ... from the local people's purchasing power ... at a Philly look at our first year mark its first is second third share markets ... what what the differentiation then Inter for dinner investment risk ... thus when risk is that in the first to markets of diesel investment in the markets ... as results they are more sensitive to policy risk ... and also to ... changes in financing conditions for sale for interest rates or ... availability of finance ... um what the two cities I think the roses more in terms of supply these cities tend to have ... a very large projects ... coming online and ... the of ... the buying power of ... buyers in these markets tend to be much ... smaller ... because the economic base tends to be weaker so it's a different kind of risk ... are we talking about took good care supply ... the first year ... fiscal policy ... ok and of course about it ... with ... the least I developers had a hard time in twenty twelve with less liquidity in the markets are going for do you expect ... I'm you get the Fed pays a development path ... to the overall we are much more comfortable with developers critical fall on because we have seen a lot of the vote has come to the markets ... and the refinance ... loans he said ... the trade isn't coming due in two thousand fourteen partly two thousand fifteen ... some refinancing risk Hansmann tears ... and of the same time we've seen sales improve in the last ... half year or so and we expect this momentum continues overall ... when looking at some of the Constable credible file for ... developers in two thousand and ... eight K Christopher and a managing director at standard imports expenditure joining me ... for more on China Property indebted Des beest dot com and ever con


text:
Discussion of offroading relating to Ford Diesel Trucks & Excursions
There are currently 1 users browsing this forum. (0 members & 1 guests)
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


text:
TEKA Vita Shower Mixer 242320200
-Single lever shower mixer-With Avant Shower Set (1318600)-Equipped with noise reductors-Chrome-Item no. 242320200
Free delivery in 3-5 working days
5 years guarantee
Founded in 1924, Teka is a multinational firm of German origin, engaged in manufacturing and marketing kitchen and bathroom appliances, porcelain products and industrial containers.
In addition to being a benchmark in Europe in the manufacture of built-in home appliances, especially ovens, cooktops, hoods and sink units, it is also at the forefront of global beer keg production.
The firm currently boasts 27 factories spread across three continents,which enable it to market its products in over 110 countries and to serve more than 100 million consumers worldwide.Teka has at its disposal a powerful logistics platform with distribution hubs across Europe, Asia and America.Throughout its track record, this industrial group has invested in R&D&I on an on-going basis, enabling it to create cutting-edge products that anticipateits customers' needs.
The hallmark of our professional path has been the study, knowledge and production of differentstyles. These skills have helped us to develop our own theories and techniques, where ideasand creativity combine with good tools to yield excellent results. We have devoted many years todeveloping new concepts in taps, with ideas evolving at the rate of society and its needs.Pieces of high visual impact and elaborate finishes have given way, over time, to a taste fordiscretion and utmost reduction of aesthetic detail. Today, fully immersed in recovering thekitchen and bathroom as meeting and body-care places, we must provide new trendsetting andtechnically sound solutions with new features, not forgetting the principal aim of designs in taps:to tame water and channel it through our designs to its intended destination.
(Alfonso Martinez - Designer)
This Teka Taps range exhibits a unique style that sets it apart from the rest. This is not a one off: each project involves intense study, sketches, issues, effort, prototype production, etc., but above all else, passion and a constant endeavour to improve. One of our most recent works – the Vita series – has been the product of teamwork, experience, youth and a fresh approach. The expressivity and softcontours of this collection are the features that have infused life into this series, thus marking a new course for our company.
(Aida Pastor - Designer)
MA Bath Ltd
The Courtyard
Call us on: 0756 290 7028
Registered in England and Wales.
Registration number: 8854876
The Courtyard
Call us on: 0756 290 7028
Registered in England and Wales.
Registration number: 8854876