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California Cannabis Business License Compliance Manufacturer Infusions Adult Use Recreational A Type N, 2020 Important News, Attorney Information & Updates
California Cannabis Manufacturers
Frequently Asked Questions
Regarding quantity, what is the cannabis license limit a person can have?
Unless otherwise prohibited, there is no limit on the number of licenses a person can have.
How much information regarding my Cannabis Manufacturing business is publicly available?
The Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch (MCSB) website includes a public Licensee Lookup Tool which contains the business name, license type, license number, city and county, and license expiration date. Additional information will be available to members of the public through a Public Records Act request.
If a local jurisdiction has not yet ruled on a cannabis activity, can a cannabis business still apply for a cannabis temporary license or annual license?
By state law, temporary licenses require local authorization to operate a cannabis business. If your local jurisdiction is not providing authorization, you will not be able to apply for a temporary license. If the city or county does not have any ordinances in place specific to cannabis, you must comply with all other rules that would apply to a similar business or facility in order to hold an annual license for cannabis manufacturing.
How does a cannabis business acquire a cannabis local authorization and where can it be obtained?
Local authorization comes from the city or county that has jurisdiction where you have your manufacturing facility. If you are located within an incorporated city's limits, the city will likely have jurisdiction. If you are located in an unincorporated area of the county, the county will likely have jurisdiction.
What is a temporary license?
A temporary license is valid for 120 days and is a MCSB conditional license allowing for a cannabis business to conduct commercial cannabis activity.
For the newly regulated cannabis market in California, what is the licensing transition period?
The three licensing authorities have outlined a six-month transition period to address existing product and support a smooth transition into a newly regulated market. The transition period allows for existing product to move though the commercial cannabis market if it meets basic requirements.
What is a cannabis local authorization and who issues it?
A local authorization is a document from your local city or county that permits you to operate a cannabis business. This documentation will look different in every jurisdiction but may be a cannabis business permit, temporary cannabis license or letter of authorization to operate a cannabis business. Contact your city or county government office for more information about the procedures in your jurisdiction.
For cannabis pre-rolls, what are the labeling and packaging requirements?
Pre-rolls that only contain flower must follow all packaging and labeling standards outlined in the California Business and Professions Code. Pre-rolls that contain both flower and concentrates (infused pre-rolls) must meet all packaging and labeling required of manufactured products, as outlined in the MCSB regulations for cannabis manufacturers.
What types of cannabis licenses exist for the state of California?
MCSB will offer four license types for cannabis manufacturers:
Type 7 – for extraction using a volatile solvent (ex: butane, propane and hexane)
Type 6 – for extraction using a mechanical method or non-volatile solvent (ex: CO2, ethanol, water, or food-grade dry ice, cooking oils or butter)
Type N – for infusions
Type P – for packaging and labeling only
Each license type is inclusive of the types in the list below it. For example, a Type 7 licensee would be able to perform Type 6, N or P tasks. A Type 6 license could perform Type N or P tasks. A Type N licensee would be able to perform Type P tasks.
In addition to these four licenses, MCSB is developing a fifth license type, Type S, for shared-use manufacturing facilities. This license type will be for businesses and facility owners that alternate use of a manufacturing premises. More information on this license type will be available soon.
More information about licenses for retailers, distributors, third-party testing laboratories and microbusinesses can be found on the Bureau of Cannabis Control's website. More information about licenses for cultivators can be found on the CalCannabis Cultivation Licensing website.
To manufacture cannabis products, does the business have to be licensed?
Yes, the business must be licensed with MCSB (Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch) in order to legally manufacture cannabis goods.
For a commercial cannabis manufacturing business, what is the criteria to determine if a cannabis product is considered edible or non-edible?
Edible cannabis products are products that are similar to traditional food products, such as cakes, cookies, beverages and juices, tea and coffee, chocolates, gummies, gum, and mints. Edible products have a THC limit of 10 milligrams per serving and 100 milligrams per package for both the medicinal and adult-use markets. Cannabis concentrates are not classified as edible products. Concentrates include products like tinctures, capsules, extracts, butter, cooking oils and vape cartridges. Concentrates have a THC limit of 1,000 milligrams per package for the adult-use market and 2,000 milligrams per package for the medicinal market. If you have a question about how your product is classified, email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Regarding Manufactured Cannabis Products, what is a Concentrate?
Concentrates are cannabis products that contain concentrated THC/CBD. Concentrates include resin, wax and oil.
Where can a cannabis business get forms that are required for the Live Scan background checks?
The Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch is currently finalizing the information needed for this process and will post the required "Request for Live Scan" form on the website soon.
What are the requirements for cannabis products manufactured during the transition period?
Products manufactured during the transition period, from January 1 until prior to July 1, 2018, must meet THC limits, product standards and basic packaging and labeling requirements. Cannabis products must be in child-resistant packaging, and the label must contain the government warning statement and amount of THC/CBD per serving and per package.
Regarding commercial cannabis manufacturing, can the public search and view a list of local jurisdictions?
The Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch does not have a list of local jurisdictions that permit commercial cannabis manufacturing.
Can a cannabis business operate prior to being issued and approved for a cannabis temporary license?
Beginning January 1, 2018, you must have a license to operate a cannabis business within the state of California.
What are the requirements for cannabis packages and cannabis labels?
Cannabis product packaging cannot resemble traditionally available food packages and must be tamper-evident, re-sealable if the product includes multiple servings, and child-resistant. In addition, packaging for edibles must be opaque. All manufactured products must be packaged according to regulatory standards before they are released to a distributor. Cannabis product labeling may not refer to the product as a candy, be attractive to children, make health claims or include cartoons. The labeling requirements fall into two categories: primary panel requirements and informational panel requirements. The primary panel is the portion of the label that is most likely to be displayed to the consumer at retail. Primary panel labeling must include: • The identity of the product • The amount of THC/CBD in the package • The CDPH-issued universal symbol • The net weight or volume In addition, primary paneling for edible products must include the words cannabis-infused and contain the amount of THC/CBD per serving. The informational panel can be located anywhere else on the package. Informational panel labeling requirements include: • The manufacturer's name and contact information (website or phone number) • The date the product was manufactured • The government warning statement • The ingredient list • Instructions for use • The expiration date • The unique ID/batch number In addition, the informational panel for edible products must also contain allergen information, a list of artificial food colorings and basic nutritional information (the amount of sodium, sugar, carbohydrates and fat per serving). Medicinal products must be labeled For Medicinal Use Only.
What does the California MCSB do?
The Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch (MCSB), housed within the California Department of Public Health, licenses and regulates manufacturers of commercial cannabis products.
What are the cannabis packaging requirements for child-resistant packaging?
Our regulations require that packaging be child-resistant, as defined in section 1700 of the federal Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970 (PPPA). The Consumer Product Safety Commission, which administers the PPPA, has an online guide to child-resistant packaging. The PPPA outlines testing procedures for determining whether your product meets the standard of "child resistant." Testing procedures can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1700, Poison Prevention Packaging. If your product packaging meets the guidelines in the PPPA, it can be used for child-resistant packaging.
How does a Cannabis business apply for a cannabis temporary license?
A cannabis business can access the temporary license application on the CDPH website. The completed application and a copy of the business's local city or county authorization can be emailed to email@example.com or mailed to the following address:
CDPH – Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch
Attn: Licensing Unit
PO Box 997377, MS 7606
Sacramento, CA 95899-7377
Regarding Manufactured Cannabis Products, what is an Edible?
Edibles are cannabis products that can be taken orally. Edibles include vape cartridges, extracts, capsules, and tinctures.
What's the difference between cannabis exit packaging and cannabis secondary packaging?
No. Exit packaging is the package that a consumer's purchased product is placed into by a retailer so it is ready to leave the store after the sale is complete. The Bureau of Cannabis Control has outlined requirements in their regulations for exit packaging used by retailers. Manufacturers are responsible for packaging and labeling their products in its final form, prior to release to a distributor as a finished product. This includes ensuring that the packaging of the finished product is child resistant. Secondary package is a child-resistant outer package, such as a bag, that a manufacturer can place their product in to fulfill the child-resistant packaging requirement.
For A-licenses and M-licenses applications, does a cannabis business have to pay a fee for each if it applies for both types of licenses?
A (adult-use) and M (medicinal use) are two different categories of license. If you apply for both A- and M- annual licenses, you will pay two separate license application fees, and annual license fees – one for each license. The license fees are based on the gross annual revenue of the product produced under each license. For example, the license fee paid for the M-License is based on the gross annual revenue of the medicinal-use product manufactured at the licensed premises; the license fee paid for the A-License is based on the gross annual revenue of the adult-use product manufactured at the licensed premises.
Does a Cannabis business need a manufacturing license if it produces Cannabidiol (CBD) products?
If the CBD in your products comes from a cannabis plant, you will need a license from our office to conduct commercial cannabis manufacturing. However, CBD from industrial hemp is not regulated under the state's cannabis regulatory framework. The California Department of Food & Agriculture's Industrial Hemp Advisory Board has some information on the current state laws surrounding industrial hemp and a list of FAQs on their website.
What is the limit to the number of Cannabis licenses the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) can issue?
No limit is in place for the number of licenses that CDPH will issue.
Does a Manufacturing business need to obtain a license from CDPH?
Yes, any person or business must obtain a manufacturing license in order to engage in commercial cannabis manufacturing. Each license must have one category and one type.
When are cannabis businesses required to pay for the cannabis annual license application and fess for licensing?
The application fee is paid when the annual license application is submitted. The licensing fee is paid when the annual license application is approved.
What is an annual license?
An annual license is valid for 1 year allowing for a cannabis business to conduct commercial cannabis activity.
Is there a place to view a list of recognized cannabis manufacturers?
A Licensee Lookup Tool is available on the Licensing page of the CDPH website.
How much is the CDPH fees for a cannabis temporary license?
There is no fee to apply for a temporary license.
Is there any application fee or licensing fee for MCSB's temporary licenses?
No, there is no application fee or licensing fee for MCSB's temporary licenses.
For how long can a cannabis business operate under a cannabis temporary license?
A temporary license is valid for 120 days from the date of the license. MCSB may approve 90-day extension periods if the holder of the temporary license submits a complete annual license application prior to the expiration date of the temporary license.
During the regulatory transition period, what are the requirements for the packaging and labeling?
During the transition period, which lasts from January 1 until July 1, 2018, cannabis products may enter the commercial cannabis market if they have child-resistant packaging and the label contains the government warning statement and the amount of THC per serving. If the primary packaging is not child-resistant, the product may be placed in secondary packaging that is child-resistant to fulfill this requirement.
If the cannabis labeling does not fit on the package, how should the information be added?
The primary panel labeling information and the government warning statement must be on the package itself. If your product packaging is small, and you cannot fit all of the informational labeling on the package, you can use a supplemental label for those additional requirements. Examples of supplemental labels include a paper inserted into the packaging, a hang tag or a peel-back label.
What does MCSB stand for?
Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch
For MAUCRSA, if a cannabis business does not yet know what the gross annual revenue shall be for the initial year of operation, what should be listed?
For the first year of operations, the gross annual revenue is an estimate. In subsequent years, the gross annual revenue is based on the prior year's taxes. A good-faith attempt must be made to create an accurate first year estimate. When you submit your annual license application, you will attest under penalty of law that the information in your application is true and accurate.
Regarding Manufactured Cannabis Products, what is an Infusion activity?
Infusion means putting THC/CBD concentrates directly into a product.
If the cannabis business has multiple locations, will the cannabis temporary license cover each location of the cannabis business?
Temporary licenses are only valid for one premises. If your business has multiple premises where cannabis manufacturing occurs, you will need to apply for a temporary license for each premises. Beginning January 1, 2018, only licensed businesses will be able to conduct commercial cannabis activity and may only do business with other licensees. If a business is cited for operating without a license, the business might not be able to obtain a license in the future.
Can a Cannabis Manufacturer manufacture cannabis products in a commercial kitchen?
At this time, the use of commercial kitchens, in which multiple businesses share use of a single manufacturing space, is not permitted. The Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch is working diligently to develop a regulatory framework which would allow for shared-use manufacturing facilities. Until this new regulatory language is released and approved, we are not able to issue licenses or accept applications for shared spaces.
Regarding Manufactured Cannabis Products, what is an Extraction activity?
Extraction is removal of THC/CBD from cannabis plants via a mechanical method or chemical solvent method.
Are cannabis oils classified as an edible product or a concentrate?
The Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch has classified infused butters and oils as concentrates.
Can a business extend their MCSB temporary license?
Yes, a business can extend their MCSB temporary license by 90 days if submitted with a complete annual license application, subject to the discretion of MCSB.
After a cannabis business receives a cannabis temporary license, how does it apply for the cannabis annual license?
Annual licenses are being accepted through our online system, the Manufactured Cannabis Licensing System (MCLS). MCLS is available to access now on the Licensing page of the CDPH website.
Does a cannabis business need to also apply for a temporary license if it applies for an annual license?
Beginning January 1, 2018, you must have a license to operate a cannabis business within the state of California. You can apply for an annual license whether or not you have a temporary license.
Can a Cannabis Manufacturer manufacture both adult-use and medicinal cannabis products on the same premises?
Yes, a business can hold licenses for both medicinal and adult-use cannabis manufacturing at the same premises. During the transition period, which is in effect from January 1 to July 1, 2018, products will be able to cross between the medicinal and adult-use markets. Beginning on July 1, 2018, the supply chains for medicinal and adult-use cannabis products must be kept separate.
Are butters classified as an edible product or a concentrate?
The Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch has classified infused butters and oils as concentrates.
What are the Cannabis state licensing authorities?
There are three state licensing authorities that each regulate a different aspect of the commercial cannabis market:
• Bureau of Cannabis Control, CA Department of Consumer Affairs – responsible for licensing cannabis retailers, distributors, third-party testing laboratories and microbusinesses.
• Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch, CA Department of Public Health – responsible for licensing manufacturers of cannabis products
• CalCannabis Cultivation Licensing, CA Department of Food & Agriculture – responsible for licensing cannabis cultivators and operating the state's Track-and-Trace system
For a cannabis A-license, would a cannabis manufacturer be allowed to purchase from and sell to cannabis M-license businesses?
During the transition period, which lasts from January 1 until July 1, 2018, you can do business with adult-use licensees or medicinal use licensees, regardless of whether you have an A- or M- license. Beginning July 1, 2018, A-licensees can only do business with A-licensees, and M-licensees can only do business with M-licensees.
During the transition period, what are cannabis product requirements for THC limits?
All cannabis products manufactured on or after January 1, 2018 must meet regulatory THC limits. Edible products cannot contain more than 10 milligrams per serving or 100 milligrams per package. Non-edible cannabis products cannot contain more than 1,000 milligrams per package (adult-use) or 2,000 milligrams per package (medicinal).
What does cannabis local authorization mean?
Both Proposition 64 and the Medicinal and Adult-Use Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act (MAUCRSA) established a dual licensing structure in which both the state and local governments play a role in setting guidelines and public health standards for cannabis businesses. For temporary licenses, you must have local authorization to operate a cannabis business. This may be a cannabis permit, letter of acknowledgement, or another form of local authorization. You are required to submit a copy of this local authorization with your temporary license application. For annual licenses, you must be in compliance with all local ordinances. If your local jurisdiction has passed an ordinance allowing for cannabis manufacturing, you must comply with any rules established by these ordinances. If the city or county does not have any ordinances in place specific to cannabis, you must comply with all other rules that would apply to a similar business or facility. If the local jurisdiction has banned commercial cannabis manufacturing, you will not be able to obtain a state cannabis license.
Can a Cannabis business package pre-rolls or flowers if a Cannabis business is a licensed manufacturer?
Yes, manufacturers may package flower or pre-rolls. Flower and pre-rolls that only contain flower must meet the packaging and labeling standards outlined in the California Business and Professions Code. Pre-rolls that also contain concentrates ("infused" pre-rolls) must meet the packaging and labeling requirements for manufactured products that are outlined in the MCSB regulations for cannabis manufacturing.
Does a Cannabis business need two separate licenses to do two (Medicinal and recreational Adult-use) types of manufacturing?
You will only need two types of manufacturing licenses for the same premises if you plan to create both adult-use and medicinal products. If you are conducting manufacturing for both the medicinal and adult-use markets, you will need both M- and A-licenses to operate in both of those markets. However you do not need two licenses to conduct different types of manufacturing operations within one of those markets at the same premises, as long as all activities are disclosed on the application. A Type 7 licensee can also conduct Type 6, N & P activities on the same premises. A Type 6 licensee can conduct Type N & P activities on the same premises. A Type N licensee can conduct Type P activities on the same premises.
For cannabis products during the regulatory transition period, can the exit packaging be the same as the secondary packaging?
No. Exit packaging is the package that a consumer's purchased product is placed into by a retailer so it is ready to leave the store after the sale is complete. The Bureau of Cannabis Control has outlined requirements in their regulations for exit packaging used by retailers. Manufacturers are responsible for packaging and labeling their products in its final form, prior to release to a distributor as a finished product. This includes ensuring that the packaging of the finished product is child resistant. Secondary package is a child-resistant outer package, such as a bag, that a manufacturer can place their product in to fulfill the child-resistant packaging requirement.
Where can the cannabis universal symbol be downloaded?
Links to download the universal symbol are on the Regulations page of the state website. It is available in hi-res JPG, PNG and PDF files.
For how long does it take to process a cannabis temporary license application?
MCSB is committed to processing applications for temporary licenses as quickly as possible to minimize disruption to the market. Once an application is received, it will be reviewed for completeness and the city or county office will be contacted to verify the local authorization. The local office will be given up to 10 days to respond. If the local office confirms that the business is authorized to conduct commercial cannabis activities, MCSB will issue the license. No licenses will have an effective date prior to January 1, 2018. If commercial cannabis activity is banned in the city or county where your premises is located, you will not be able to obtain a state cannabis license.
Does a temporary license or annual license require a local authorization?
If any criminal history exists, would that produce an automatic denial of the cannabis annual license business application?
There are no mandatory denials for criminal history. The Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch will be evaluating each applicant's history on a case-by-case basis. Convictions that are considered "substantially related" and possibly could lead to denial are serious and violent felonies, drug offenses involving minors, and violations of food safety laws. If you have this type of conviction, you can submit evidence of rehabilitation and a description of circumstances. This information will be considered during the application review process.
Where can a Cannabis Manufacturer find more information on cannabis' health issues?
The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) is leading a campaign called Let's Talk Cannabis, which serves as a resource for Californians seeking fact-based information about cannabis and its effects on their health. More information about the health impacts of cannabis can be found on the CDPH Let's Talk Cannabis website.
Are only cannabis edible products required to have the cannabis universal symbol?
All manufactured cannabis products – both edible and non-edible – must have the universal symbol on the label's primary panel.
Do cannabis products require Proposition 65 language on the labeling?
Cannabis businesses must follow all applicable state laws, just like any other business operating in the state. Therefore if the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) requires your product to contain the Proposition 65 warning statement, then you must follow state law and include that information. OEHHA can provide more information about whether or not it is required for your product.
To receive a cannabis temporary license, is the business required to have the adult use licenses (A-license) AND the medicinal (M-license)?
During the transition period, which lasts from January 1 until July 1, 2018, you can do business with adult-use licensees or medicinal use licensees, regardless of whether you have an A- or M- license. Beginning July 1, 2018, A-licensees can only do business with A-licensees, and M-licensees can only do business with M-licensees.
State Authority & Contact:
Manufactured Cannabis Safety Branch (CA Department of Public Health)
PO Box 997377, MS 7606, Sacramento CA 95899-7377
Email: email@example.com
Phone: 855-421-7887
Scope of Licenses:
MCSB will offer four license types for cannabis manufacturers (7, 6, N, P):
A-Type 7 – for extraction using a volatile solvent (ex: butane, propane and hexane)
M-Type 7 – for extraction using a volatile solvent (ex: butane, propane and hexane)
A-Type 6 – for extraction using a mechanical method or non-volatile solvent (ex: CO2, ethanol, water, or food-grade dry ice, cooking oils or butter)
M-Type 6 – for extraction using a mechanical method or non-volatile solvent (ex: CO2, ethanol, water, or food-grade dry ice, cooking oils or butter)
A-Type N – for infusions
M-Type N – for infusions
A-Type P – for packaging and labeling only
M-Type P – for packaging and labeling only
Type S, for shared-use manufacturing facilities. This license type will be for businesses and facility owners that alternate use of a manufacturing premises. More information on this license type will be available soon.
Each license type is inclusive of the types in the list below it. For example, a Type 7 licensee would be able to perform Type 6, N or P tasks. A Type 6 license could perform Type N or P tasks. A Type N licensee would be able to perform Type P tasks.
Written statement, signed by the landlord, allowing cannabis manufacturing on the property
Diagram of the premise
Closed loop system certification, signed by a licensed engineer (for manufacturers using volatile solvents or CO2 extraction methods)
Proof of $5000 surety bond
Local authorization
Live Scan
California Tax Permit
Written Procedures for inventory control
Written Procedures for quality control
Written Procedures for transportation
Written Procedures for security
Written Procedures for cannabis waste disposal
Compliance with THC Limits
Compliance with Packaging & Labeling
Compliance with Product Standards and Prohibited Products
Licensing Fees:
The licensing fees are scaled based on maximum revenue and they range from $2,000 to $75,000 for each licensed premises.
Annual Gross Revenue up to $100,000 (Tier I): Fee of $2,000
Annual Gross Revenue $101,000 to $500,000 (Tier II): Fee of $7,500
Annual Gross Revenue $500,001 to $1,500,000 (Tier III): Fee of $15,000
Annual Gross Revenue $1,500,001 to $3,000,000 (Tier IV): Fee of $25,000
Annual Gross Revenue $3,000,001 to $5,000,000 (Tier V): Fee of $35,000
Annual Gross Revenue $5,000,001 to $10,000,000 (Tier VI): Fee of $50,000
Annual Gross Revenue over $10,000,001 (Tier VII): Fee of $75,000
Application Fee - Processing fee of $1,0000 per license
Annual License Application Checklist
Online Licensing for New Users
Online Licensing for Returning Users
Temporary License Application
Temporary License Application Instructions
Green Trusted
Cannabis Licensing
A-Type 1
Specialty outdoor; Small
M-Type 1
Specialty outdoor; Small
A-Type 1A
Specialty indoor; Small
M-Type 1A
Specialty indoor; Small
A-Type 1B
Specialty mixed-light; Small
M-Type 1B
Specialty mixed-light; Small
A-Type 1C
Specialty cottage; Small
M-Type 1C
Specialty cottage; Small
A-Type 2
Outdoor; Small
M-Type 2
Outdoor; Small
A-Type 2A
Indoor; Small
M-Type 2A
Indoor; Small
A-Type 2B
Mixed-light; Small
M-Type 2B
Mixed-light; Small
A-Type 3
Outdoor; Medium
M-Type 3
Outdoor; Medium
A-Type 3A
Indoor; Medium
M-Type 3A
Indoor; Medium
A-Type 3B
Mixed-light; Medium
M-Type 3B
Mixed-light; Medium
A-Type 4
M-Type 4
A-Type 5
Outdoor; Large
M-Type 5
Outdoor; Large
A-Type 5A
Indoor; Large
M-Type 5A
Indoor; Large
A-Type 5B
Mixed-light; Large
M-Type 5B
Mixed-light; Large
A-Type P
Packaging & Labeling Only
M-Type P
Packaging & Labeling Only
A-Type N
M-Type N
A-Type 6
Manufacturer 1;
Extraction: Non-volatile Solvents, Mechanical Methods
M-Type 6
Manufacturer 1;
Extraction: Non-volatile Solvents, Mechanical Methods
A-Type 7
Manufacturer 2;
Extraction: Volatile Solvents
M-Type 7
Manufacturer 2;
Extraction: Volatile Solvents
Type 8
Testing Laboratory
A-Type 9
Non-Storefront Retailer
M-Type 9
Non-Storefront Retailer
A-Type 10
Storefront Retailer
M-Type 10
Storefront Retailer
A-Type 11
M-Type 11
Type 12
A-Type 13
Distributor Transport Only
M-Type 13
Distributor Transport Only
Type 14
Event Organizer
California Universal Symbol for Cannabis
Download PNG file
Download JPG file
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In addition, infused butters and oils as concentrates Wet weight Pest Flowering Package Personnel Actual yield Specialty Cottage Outdoor gross annual revenue for first year in operation under MAUCRSA Unique identifier Type 1 (Cultivation; Specialty outdoor; Small) Nonvolatile solvent Extraction Type 3A (Cultivation; Indoor; Medium) Type 2B (Cultivation; Mixed-light; Small) Manufacture Commercial cannabis activity Dried flower Specialty Cottage Indoor Informational panel Ingredient DPH-17-010E Type 3 (Cultivation; Outdoor; Medium) Mixed-light cultivation Type 7 (Manufacturer 2) Extraction: Volatile Solvents cakes, cookies, beverages and juices, tea and coffee, chocolates, gummies, gum, and mints list of cannabis manufacturers Adulterated Outdoor cultivation Specialty Cottage Mixed-Light Tier 2 alternate use of a manufacturing premises Manufacturer licensee Type 2A (Cultivation; Indoor; Small) Type 3B (Cultivation; Mixed-light; Medium) Mixed-light Tier 1 Licensee Request for Live Scan Limited-access area Process Type 1C (Cultivation; Specialty cottage; Small) Type P Packaging & Labeling Only Allergen Environmental pathogen Specialty Mixed-Light Tier 2 Product Identity Cannabis product Department Premises Qualified individual Type 12 (Microbusiness) Infusion Sanitize Type P – for packaging and labeling only UID Adult-use Market Specialty Mixed-Light Tier 1 Watts per square foot Mature plant Type 6 (Manufacturer 1) Extraction: Non-volatile Solvents, Mechanical Methods Quality products similar to traditional food products prohibited In-process material Medium Mixed-Light Tier 2 Type 5A (Cultivation; Indoor; Large) Commercial-grade, non-residential door lock Microorganisms Medium Outdoor Holding Track and trace system Type 9 (Non-Storefront Retailer) Type 5 (Cultivation; Outdoor; Large) Primary panel Canopy Hazard Type 1A (Cultivation; Specialty indoor; Small) Type 4 (Cultivation; Nursery) Component Nonmanufactured cannabis product Preventive controls Processing Lot Medium Mixed-Light Tier 1 Type 10 (Retailer) Type 1B (Cultivation; Specialty mixed-light; Small) MCSB 90-day extension periods Specialty Outdoor Type N – for infusions Quality control personnel Small Outdoor Nursery Track-and-trace systems Volatile solvent Type 2 (Cultivation; Outdoor; Small) Quality control operation Bureau Theoretical yield Immature plant track and trace system Serving Processor Specialty Cottage Mixed-Light Tier 1 Cultivation Universal symbol adulteration Specialty Indoor Allergen cross-contact THC Batch Type 5B (Cultivation; Mixed-light; Large) Medium Indoor Validation Type 6 – for extraction using a mechanical method or non-volatile solvent (ex: CO2, ethanol, water, or food-grade dry ice, cooking oils or butter) Pre-roll Edible cannabis product Type S (coming soon, shared-use manufacturing facilities) Indoor cultivation Pathogen Net weight Type 11 (Distributor) Monitor Type 7 – for extraction using a volatile solvent (ex: butane, propane and hexane) package flower or pre-rolls CBD from industrial hemp Type N Infusions (optional packaging and labeling) THC limit of 10 milligrams per serving and 100 milligrams per package CBD Small Mixed-Light Tier 1 Raw material Small Mixed-Light Tier 2 Proposition 65 warning statement Type 13 (Distributor Transport Only) Kief Labeling Verification Small Indoor Finished product Cultivation site Type 8 (Testing Laboratory) Adequate Type 14 (Cannabis Event Organizer) Distribution Contact surface Topical cannabis product Mixed-light Tier 2 Quarantine Processing aid cannabis concentrates Applicant Harvest Batch M-license infused pre-rolls and more.
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text: Sijun Forums :: View topic - Well, dang. Log in to check your private messages Sijun Forums Forum Index >> Random Musings View previous topic :: View next topic Author Topic : "Well, dang." faustgfxmemberMember #Joined: 15 Mar 2000Posts: 4833Location: unfortunately, very near you. Posted: Tue Mar 20, 2012 9:14 pm Hey. This might be a bit.. self-serving at least, but I can't help myself as I just randomly remembered my password. I'd just like to say HEY to the old guard if anyone remembers. Hope you lot are doing good. :>_________________"hey, wanna dance?" "do i look like kevin costner to you? "..no you don't" "i don't dance with wolves either." Back to top SumalethAdministratorMember #Joined: 30 Oct 1999Posts: 2898Location: Australia Posted: Tue Mar 20, 2012 9:41 pm Do you have any new art to post? _________________Art Links Archive -- Artists and Tutorials Back to top balisticmemberMember #Joined: 01 Jun 2000Posts: 2599Location: Reno, NV, USA Posted: Wed Mar 21, 2012 8:57 pm omg it's faust_________________brian.prince|light.comp.paint Back to top [Shizo]memberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 3938 Posted: Mon Mar 26, 2012 9:57 pm OMG!!!!! Back to top TomasismemberMember #Joined: 19 Apr 2002Posts: 813Location: Sweden Posted: Wed Mar 28, 2012 12:50 am OMG it is you, shizo! _________________out Back to top eyewoomemberMember #Joined: 23 Jun 2001Posts: 2662Location: Carbondale, CO Posted: Wed Mar 28, 2012 8:52 am WOWzir_________________HonePie.com tumblr blog digtal art Back to top [Shizo]memberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 3938 Posted: Sat Mar 31, 2012 8:50 am Tomasis wrote: OMG it is you, shizo! Mos def, it is! And I've married a Swedish woman since the last time I visited this forum. We had a child and I became a naturalized Swedish citizen. Tack så mycket! No, just kidding. hehe! What's faustgfx up to now? Are you still wearing a trench coat and cut your hair in a weird way? Back to top watmoughmemberMember #Joined: 22 Sep 2003Posts: 779Location: Rockland, ME Posted: Sun Apr 01, 2012 6:50 pm hahahah man. Back to top balisticmemberMember #Joined: 01 Jun 2000Posts: 2599Location: Reno, NV, USA Posted: Mon Apr 02, 2012 8:54 am if spoogedemon shows up next I will probably faint_________________brian.prince|light.comp.paint Back to top LemurmemberMember #Joined: 22 Apr 2010Posts: 318Location: NYC Posted: Mon Apr 02, 2012 7:45 pm ahh, the warm fuzzies of the good ol' days...or the angsty confusion, as i wuz a stoopid highschooler then Back to top BrainmemberMember #Joined: 26 Oct 1999Posts: 662Location: Brisbane, Australia Posted: Fri Apr 13, 2012 3:19 am Crikey, you lot still kickin'? @:-D_________________Brain http://www.artofbrain.com/ Back to top AwetopsymemberMember #Joined: 04 Oct 2000Posts: 3028Location: Kelowna Posted: Mon Apr 16, 2012 1:15 pm Im still around here and there too... just not actively posting all that much. Back to top FrancismemberMember #Joined: 18 Mar 2000Posts: 1155Location: San Diego, CA Posted: Sun Jun 03, 2012 1:08 pm Man I'm old._________________Francis Tsai TeamGT Studios Back to top SumalethAdministratorMember #Joined: 30 Oct 1999Posts: 2898Location: Australia Posted: Wed Jun 06, 2012 2:26 am Francis: I was just clicking links on YouTube and come across this: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYZrY-a6LP8 _________________Art Links Archive -- Artists and Tutorials Back to top FrancismemberMember #Joined: 18 Mar 2000Posts: 1155Location: San Diego, CA Posted: Fri Jun 08, 2012 8:59 am Aha! One of my most consistently ripped off pieces..._________________Francis Tsai TeamGT Studios Back to top Petri.JmemberMember #Joined: 04 Dec 2003Posts: 437Location: Helsinki, Finland Posted: Sun Jun 10, 2012 9:25 am Back to top cheneymemberMember #Joined: 12 Mar 2002Posts: 419Location: Grapevine, TX, US Posted: Fri Jul 20, 2012 12:23 pm Dude, how is Tampere?_________________http://prettydiff.com/ Back to top gLitterbugmemberMember #Joined: 13 Feb 2001Posts: 1340Location: Austria Posted: Thu Sep 20, 2012 7:55 pm Oh wow, I just discovered this through googling while talking to someone about the olden days and couldn't believe my eyes. Back to top AnthonymemberMember #Joined: 13 Apr 2000Posts: 1577Location: Winter Park, FLA Posted: Wed Jan 02, 2013 10:51 am Man I miss this place. Had the most growth as an artist here of anywhere, even in person tutoring. Love you guys, and thanks for all the tips 10 years ago ;P Maybe I can get my life calmed down enough to come back and keep learning again!_________________-Anthony Carpe Carpem http://www.anthonyfransella.com Back to top FreddioAdministratorMember #Joined: 29 Dec 1999Posts: 2078Location: Australia Posted: Tue Feb 12, 2013 9:58 pm Very nostalgic thread guys! So amusing reading through the archives!_________________Design portfolio Back to top B0bmemberMember #Joined: 14 Jul 2002Posts: 1807Location: Sunny Dorset, England Posted: Tue Jun 11, 2013 2:16 pm i was talking to a friend who's started art and said that this was a good source (lucky for me my forum passwords are 1 of 3 different ways of spelling) Back to top TinuschmemberMember #Joined: 25 Dec 1999Posts: 2757Location: Rhode Island, USA Posted: Thu Jun 27, 2013 3:05 pm it's astounding to me the amount of beautiful, brilliant work that's been posted here over the years, buried within thousands and thousands of pages, much of which are only broken links by now. i don't think it's much of a stretch to say this place was truly foundational to the evolution of digital art. i remember a time when the great dilemma was whether we could ever convince the rest of the world of the merits and legitimacy of digital art - ethical and philosophical arguments on what constitutes "real" art - which seems silly now that digital and traditional have become so intertwined that few even care to make the distinction anymore. it's really amazing to think back on how much this forum has impacted so many artists, how much has been learned here and how generously the lessons were taught. world-class illustrators, painters, animators, modelers, demoscene pixelers, etc. sharing invaluable knowledge and first-hand experience and asking nothing in return. i wouldn't be an illustrator/designer today if it hadn't been for this place, it's that simple. i would know nothing of "speedpainting," matte painting, cubes and spheres, lost edges, or who the hell this loomis guy is. even if i go years between visits, my password to this forum will be burned into my psyche until the day i die. Back to top [Shizo]memberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 3938 Posted: Mon Jul 01, 2013 11:48 am What's that long tirade about, Tinusch? I can't comprehend so many words at once you know. But I DO know that that Korean boy Dzah-Bee Ying should get off his ass and promote this forum to his co-workers! That way, we'll get 20-30 valve employees on here. PS: I'm still waiting for the second tutorial that he promised. It's been liek, 13 years. Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Sijun Forums Forum Index -> Random Musings All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Digital Art----------------Digital Art DiscussionWork in ProgressGallery/Finished Work Miscellaneous----------------Random MusingsArchive : Sep99 - Dec00 You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2005 phpBB Group

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue strikes again!
In addition to using people as props in their 2013 edition, they apparently required one of the models to wax (?) completely hairless and then cover herself in (apparently) toxic paint. Uh, OK?
[Model] Alyssa Miller wore nothing but paint for one spread, which made her hurl. "Within 15 minutes, I had thrown up twice from the powerful chemical fumes," she says in an interview with fashion site Modelinia. And the challenging shoot lasted another 15 hours. She adds of the intimate painting process: "You have to make sure you are completely hairless, which is harder than it sounds. You know all that baby fuzz that covers your body? That has to go."
Don't they have body paint that isn't comprised of chemical death for situations like this? And that completely hairless thing is not only creepy; I'm guessing it was painful. And all so men can masturbate to a magazine that's ostensibly about sports.
Can anyone tell me what the fucking point of the swimsuit issue is (besides sales)? Is there some other explanation for this bullshit? There are about 10 billion ways to access freebie nudes these days, why does anyone pay actual money this bullshit? Sports Illustrated isn't even a men's magazines — sports are enjoyed by everyone! And yet, every cover that's isn't for the swimsuit issue almost exclusively features men. The only women awarded the honor aren't even sports celebrities, they're models in bikinis.
[NY Post]


text:
With one listen, I was hooked. I was a 15-year-old suburban New Jersey nerd, racked with teenage lust but too timid to ask for a date. When I came across Boléro among the LPs in my parents' record collection, I put it on the turntable. It hit me like a neural thunderstorm, titanic and glorious, each cycle building to a climax and waiting but a beat before launching into the next.
I had no idea back then of Boléro's reputation as one of the most famous orchestral recordings in the world. When it was first performed at the Paris Opera in 1928, the 15-minute composition stunned the audience. Of the French composer, Maurice Ravel, a woman in attendance reportedly cried out, "He's mad … he's mad!" One critic wrote that Boléro "departs from a thousand years of tradition."
I sat in my living room alone, listening. Boléro starts simply enough, a single flute accompanied by a snare drum: da-da-da-dum, da-da-da-dum, dum-dum, da-da-da-dum. The same musical clause repeats 17 more times, each cycle adding instruments, growing louder and more insistent, until the entire orchestra roars in an overpowering finale of rhythm and sound. Musically, it was perfect for my ear. It had a structure that I could easily grasp and enough variation to hold my interest.
It took a lot to hold my interest; I was nearly deaf at the time. In 1964, my mother contracted rubella while pregnant with me. Hearing aids allowed me to understand speech well enough, but most music was lost on me. Boléro was one of the few pieces I actually enjoyed. A few years later, I bought the CD and played it so much it eventually grew pitted and scratched. It became my touchstone. Every time I tried out a new hearing aid, I'd check to see if Boléro sounded OK. If it didn't, the hearing aid went back.
And then, on July 7, 2001, at 10:30 am, I lost my ability to hear Boléro - and everything else. While I was waiting to pick up a rental car in Reno, I suddenly thought the battery in my hearing aid had died. I replaced it. No luck. I switched hearing aids. Nothing.
I got into my rental car and drove to the nearest emergency room. For reasons that are still unknown, my only functioning ear had suffered "sudden-onset deafness." I was reeling, trying to navigate in a world where the volume had been turned down to zero.
But there was a solution, a surgeon at Stanford Hospital told me a week later, speaking slowly so I could read his lips. I could have a computer surgically installed in my skull. A cochlear implant, as it is known, would trigger my auditory nerves with 16 electrodes that snaked inside my inner ear. It seemed drastic, and the $50,000 price tag was a dozen times more expensive than a high-end hearing aid. I went home and cried. Then I said yes.
For the next two months, while awaiting surgery, I was totally deaf except for a thin trickle of sound from my right ear. I had long since become accustomed to not hearing my own voice when I spoke. It happened whenever I removed my hearing aid. But that sensation was as temporary as waking up without my glasses. Now, suddenly, the silence wasn't optional. At my job as a technical writer in Silicon Valley, I struggled at meetings. Using the phone was out of the question.
In early September, the surgeon drilled a tunnel through an inch and a half of bone behind my left ear and inserted the 16 electrodes along the auditory nerve fibers in my cochlea. He hollowed a well in my skull about the size of three stacked quarters and snapped in the implant.
When the device was turned on a month after surgery, the first sentence I heard sounded like "Zzzzzz szz szvizzz ur brfzzzzzz?" My brain gradually learned how to interpret the alien signal. Before long, "Zzzzzz szz szvizzz ur brfzzzzzz?" became "What did you have for breakfast?" After months of practice, I could use the telephone again, even converse in loud bars and cafeterias. In many ways, my hearing was better than it had ever been. Except when I listened to music.
I could hear the drums of Boléro just fine. But the other instruments were flat and dull. The flutes and soprano saxophones sounded as though someone had clapped pillows over them. The oboes and violins had become groans. It was like walking color-blind through a Paul Klee exhibit. I played Boléro again and again, hoping that practice would bring it, too, back to life. It didn't.
The implant was embedded in my head; it wasn't some flawed hearing aid I could just send back. But it was a computer. Which meant that, at least in theory, its effectiveness was limited only by the ingenuity of software engineers. As researchers learn more about how the ear works, they continually revise cochlear implant software. Users await new releases with all the anticipation of Apple zealots lining up for the latest Mac OS.
About a year after I received the implant, I asked one implant engineer how much of the device's hardware capacity was being used. "Five percent, maybe." He shrugged. "Ten, tops."
I was determined to use that other 90 percent. I set out on a crusade to explore the edges of auditory science. For two years tugging on the sleeves of scientists and engineers around the country, offering myself as a guinea pig for their experiments. I wanted to hear Boléro again.
Helen Keller famously said that if she had to choose between being deaf and being blind, she'd be blind, because while blindness cut her off from things, deafness cut her off from people. For centuries, the best available hearing aid was a horn, or ear trumpet, which people held to their ears to funnel in sound. In 1952, the first electronic hearing aid was developed. It worked by blasting amplified sound into a damaged ear. However it (and the more advanced models that followed) could help only if the user had some residual hearing ability, just as glasses can help only those who still have some vision. Cochlear implants, on the other hand, bypass most of the ear's natural hearing mechanisms. The device's electrodes directly stimulate nerve endings in the ear, which transmit sound information to the brain. Since the surgery can eliminate any remaining hearing, implants are approved for use only in people who can't be helped by hearing aids. The first modern cochlear implants went on the market in Australia in 1982, and by 2004 approximately 82,500 people worldwide had been fitted with one.
When technicians activated my cochlear implant in October 2001, they gave me a pager-sized processor that decoded sound and sent it to a headpiece that clung magnetically to the implant underneath my skin (see "Reprogramming the Inner Ear," page 154). The headpiece contained a radio transmitter, which sent the processor's data to the implant at roughly 1 megabit per second. Sixteen electrodes curled up inside my cochlea strobed on and off to stimulate my auditory nerves. The processor's software gave me eight channels of auditory resolution, each representing a frequency range. The more channels the software delivers, the better the user can distinguish between sounds of different pitches.
Eight channels isn't much compared with the capacity of a normal ear, which has the equivalent of 3,500 channels. Still, eight works well enough for speech, which doesn't have much pitch variation. Music is another story. The lowest of my eight channels captured everything from 250 hertz (about middle C on the piano) to 494 hertz (close to the B above middle C), making it nearly impossible for me to distinguish among the 11 notes in that range. Every note that fell into a particular channel sounded the same to me.
So in mid-2002, nine months after activation, I upgraded to a program called Hi-Res, which gave me 16 channels - double the resolution! An audiologist plugged my processor into her laptop and uploaded the new code. I suddenly had a better ear, without surgery. In theory, I would now be able to distinguish among tones five notes apart instead of 11.
I eagerly plugged my Walkman into my processor and turned it on. Boléro did sound better. But after a day or two, I realized that "better" still wasn't good enough. The improvement was small, like being in that art gallery again and seeing only a gleam of pink here, a bit of blue there. I wasn't hearing the Boléro I remembered.
At a cochlear implant conference in 2003, I heard Jay Rubinstein, a surgeon and researcher at the University of Washington, say that it took at least 100 channels of auditory information to make music pleasurable. My jaw dropped. No wonder. I wasn't even close.
A year later, I met Rubinstein at another conference, and he mentioned that there might be ways to bring music back to me. He told me about something called stochastic resonance; studies suggested that my music perception might be aided by deliberately adding noise to what I hear. He took a moment to give me a lesson in neural physiology. After a neuron fires, it goes dormant for a fraction of a second while it resets. During that phase, it misses any information that comes along. When an electrode zaps thousands of neurons at once, it forces them all to go dormant, making it impossible for them to receive pulses until they reset. That synchrony means I miss bits and pieces of information.
Desynchronizing the neurons, Rubinstein explained, would guarantee that they're never all dormant simultaneously. And the best way to get them out of sync is to beam random electrical noise at them. A few months later, Rubinstein arranged a demonstration.
An audiologist at the University of Iowa working with Rubenstein handed me a processor loaded with the stochastic-resonance software. The first thing I heard was a loud whoosh - the random noise. It sounded like a cranked-up electric fan. But in about 30 seconds, the noise went away. I was puzzled. "You've adapted to it," the technician told me. The nervous system can habituate to any kind of everyday sound, but it adjusts especially quickly to noise with no variation. Stochastic-resonance noise is so content-free that the brain tunes it out in seconds.
In theory, the noise would add just enough energy to incoming sound to make faint details audible. In practice, everything I heard became rough and gritty. My own voice sounded vibrato, mechanical, and husky - even a little querulous, as if I were perpetually whining.
We tried some quick tests to take my newly programmed ear out for a spin. It performed slightly better in some ways, slightly worse in others - but there was no dramatic improvement. The audiologist wasn't surprised. She told me that, in most cases, a test subject's brain will take weeks or even months to make sense of the additional information. Furthermore, the settings she chose were only an educated guess at what might work for my particular physiology. Everyone is different. Finding the right setting is like fishing for one particular cod in the Atlantic.
The university loaned me the processor to test for a few months. As soon as I was back in the hotel, I tried my preferred version of Boléro, a 1982 recording conducted by Charles Dutoit with the Montréal Symphony Orchestra. It sounded different, but not better. Sitting at my keyboard, I sighed a little and tapped out an email thanking Rubinstein and encouraging him to keep working on it.
Music depends on low frequencies for its richness and mellowness. The lowest-pitched string on a guitar vibrates at 83 hertz, but my Hi-Res software, like the eight-channel model, bottoms out at 250 hertz. I do hear something when I pluck a string, but it's not actually an 83-hertz sound. Even though the string is vibrating at 83 times per second, portions of it are vibrating faster, giving rise to higher-frequency notes called harmonics. The harmonics are what I hear.
The engineers haven't gone below 250 hertz because the world's low-pitched sounds - air conditioners, engine rumbles - interfere with speech perception. Furthermore, increasing the total frequency range means decreasing resolution, because each channel has to accommodate more frequencies. Since speech perception has been the main goal during decades of research, the engineers haven't given much thought to representing low frequencies. Until Philip Loizou came along.
Loizou and his team of postdocs at the University of Texas at Dallas are trying to figure out ways to give cochlear implant users access to more low frequencies. A week after my frustratingly inconclusive encounter with stochastic resonance, I traveled to Dallas and asked Loizou why the government would give him a grant to develop software that increases musical appreciation. "Music lifts up people's spirits, helps them forget things," he told me in his mild Greek accent. "The goal is to have the patient live a normal life, not to be deprived of anything."
Loizou is trying to negotiate a trade-off: narrowing low-frequency channels while widening higher-frequency channels. But his theories only hinted at what specific configurations might work best, so Loizou was systematically trying a range of settings to see which ones got the better results.
The team's software ran only on a desktop computer, so on my visit to Dallas I had to be plugged directly into the machine. After a round of testing, a postdoc assured me, they would run Boléro through their software and pipe it into my processor via Windows Media Player.
I spent two and a half days hooked up to the computer, listening to endless sequences of tones - none of it music - in a windowless cubicle. Which of two tones sounded lower? Which of two versions of "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" was more recognizable? Did this string of notes sound like a march or a waltz? It was exacting, high-concentration work - like taking an eye exam that lasted for two days. My responses produced reams of data that they would spend hours analyzing.
Forty minutes before my cab back to the airport was due, we finished the last test and the postdoc fired up the programs he needed to play Boléro. Some of the lower pitches I'd heard in the previous two days had sounded rich and mellow, and I began thinking wistfully about those bassoons and oboes. I felt a rising sense of anticipation and hope.
I waited while the postdoc tinkered with the computer. And waited. Then I noticed the frustrated look of a man trying to get Windows to behave. "I do this all the time," he said, half to himself. Windows Media Player wouldn't play the file.
I suggested rebooting and sampling Boléro through a microphone. But the postdoc told me he couldn't do that in time for my plane. A later flight wasn't an option; I had to be back in the Bay Area. I was crushed. I walked out of the building with my shoulders slumped. Scientifically, the visit was a great success. But for me, it was a failure. On the flight home, I plugged myself into my laptop and listened sadly to Boléro with Hi-Res. It was like eating cardboard.
It's June 2005, a few weeks after my visit to Dallas, and I'm ready to try again. A team of engineers at Advanced Bionics, one of three companies in the world that makes bionic ears, is working on a new software algorithm for so-called virtual channels. I hop on a flight to their Los Angeles headquarters, my CD player in hand.
My implant has 16 electrodes, but the virtual-channels software will make my hardware act like there are actually 121. Manipulating the flow of electricity to target neurons between each electrode creates the illusion of seven new electrodes between each actual pair, similar to the way an audio engineer can make a sound appear to emanate from between two speakers. Jay Rubinstein had told me two years ago that it would take at least 100 channels to create good music perception. I'm about to find out if he's right.
I'm sitting across a desk from Gulam Emadi, an Advanced Bionics researcher. He and an audiologist are about to fit me with the new software. Leo Litvak, who has spent three years developing the program, comes in to say hello. He's one of those people of whom others often say, "If Leo can't do it, it probably can't be done." And yet it would be hard to find a more modest person. Were it not for his clothes, which mark him as an Orthodox Jew, he would simply disappear in a roomful of people. Litvak tilts his head and smiles hello, shyly glances at Emadi's laptop, and sidles out.
At this point, I'm rationing my emotions like Spock. Hi-Res was a disappointment. Stochastic resonance remains a big if. The low-frequency experiment in Dallas was a bust. Emadi dinks with his computer and hands me my processor with the new software in it. I plug it into myself, plug my CD player into it, and press Play.
Boléro starts off softly and slowly, meandering like a breeze through the trees. Da-da-da-dum, da-da-da-dum, dum-dum, da-da-da-dum. I close my eyes to focus, switching between Hi-Res and the new software every 20 or 30 seconds by thumbing a blue dial on my processor.
My God, the oboes d'amore do sound richer and warmer. I let out a long, slow breath, coasting down a river of sound, waiting for the soprano saxophones and the piccolos. They'll come in around six minutes into the piece - and it's only then that I'll know if I've truly got it back.
As it turns out, I couldn't have chosen a better piece of music for testing new implant software. Some biographers have suggested that Boléro's obsessive repetition is rooted in the neurological problems Ravel had started to exhibit in 1927, a year before he composed the piece. It's still up for debate whether he had early-onset Alzheimer's, a left-hemisphere brain lesion, or something else.
But Boléro's obsessiveness, whatever its cause, is just right for my deafness. Over and over the theme repeats, allowing me to listen for specific details in each cycle.
At 5:59, the soprano saxophones leap out bright and clear, arcing above the snare drum. I hold my breath.
At 6:39, I hear the piccolos. For me, the stretch between 6:39 and 7:22 is the most Boléro of Boléro, the part I wait for each time. I concentrate. It sounds … right.
Hold on. Don't jump to conclusions. I backtrack to 5:59 and switch to Hi-Res. That heart-stopping leap has become an asthmatic whine. I backtrack again and switch to the new software. And there it is again, that exultant ascent. I can hear Boléro's force, its intensity and passion. My chin starts to tremble.
I open my eyes, blinking back tears. "Congratulations," I say to Emadi. "You have done it." And I reach across the desk with absurd formality and shake his hand.
There's more technical work to do, more progress to be made, but I'm completely shattered. I keep zoning out and asking Emadi to repeat things. He passes me a box of tissues. I'm overtaken by a vast sensation of surprise. I did it. For years I pestered researchers and asked questions. Now I'm running 121 channels and I can hear music again.
That evening, in the airport, sitting numbly at the gate, I listen to Boléro again. I'd never made it through more than three or four minutes of the piece on Hi-Res before getting bored and turning it off. Now, I listen to the end, following the narrative, hearing again its holy madness.
I pull out the Advanced Bionics T-shirt that the team gave me and dab at my eyes.
During the next few days I walk around in a haze of disbelief, listening to Boléro over and over to prove to myself that I really am hearing it again. But Boléro is just one piece of music. Jonathan Berger, head of Stanford's music department, tells me in an email, "There's not much of interest in terms of structure - it's a continuous crescendo, no surprises, no subtle interplay between development and contrast."
So now it's time to try out music with sophistication, innovation, grace, and depth. But I don't know where to begin. I need an expert with first-rate equipment, a huge music collection, and the ability to pick just the right pieces for my newly reprogrammed ear. I put the question to craigslist - "Looking for a music geek." Within hours, I hear from Tom Rettig, a San Francisco music producer.
In his studio, Rettig plays me Ravel's String Quartet in F Major and Philip Glass' String Quartet no. 5. I listen carefully, switching between the old software and the new. Both compositions sound enormously better on 121 channels. But when Rettig plays music with vocals, I discover that having 121 channels hasn't solved all my problems. While the crescendos in Dulce Pontes' Canção do Mar sound louder and clearer, I hear only white noise when her voice comes in. Rettig figures that relatively simple instrumentals are my best bet - pieces where the instruments don't overlap too much - and that flutes and clarinets work well for me. Cavalcades of brass tend to overwhelm me and confuse my ear.
And some music just leaves me cold: I can't even get through Kraftwerk's Tour de France. I wave impatiently to Rettig to move on. (Later, a friend tells me it's not the software - Kraftwerk is just dull. It makes me think that for the first time in my life I might be developing a taste in music.)
Listening to Boléro more carefully in Rettig's studio reveals other bugs. The drums sound squeaky - how can drums squeak? - and in the frenetic second half of the piece, I still have trouble separating the instruments.
After I get over the initial awe of hearing music again, I discover that it's harder for me to understand ordinary speech than it was before I went to virtual channels. I report this to Advanced Bionics, and my complaint is met by a rueful shaking of heads. I'm not the first person to say that, they tell me. The idea of virtual channels is a breakthrough, but the technology is still in the early stages of development.
But I no longer doubt that incredible things can be done with that unused 90 percent of my implant's hardware capacity. Tests conducted a month after my visit to Advanced Bionics show that my ability to discriminate among notes has improved considerably. With Hi-Res, I was able to identify notes only when they were at least 70 hertz apart. Now, I can hear notes that are only 30 hertz apart. It's like going from being able to tell the difference between red and blue to being able to distinguish between aquamarine and cobalt.
My hearing is no longer limited by the physical circumstances of my body. While my friends' ears will inevitably decline with age, mine will only get better.
Michael Chorost (firstname.lastname@example.com) is the author of Rebuilt: How Becoming Part Computer Made Me More Human.
credit CT scan: Valley Radiology; Matt Hoyle
The author spent years tweaking the software on his cochlear implant.
credit Bryan Christie
Reprogramming the Inner Ear


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Masterson cleared to return as reliever
CLEVELAND -- When Justin Masterson was swiftly removed from his last start at the beginning of September because of what was later diagnosed as a strained left oblique, many believed his season was over. Now, just over three weeks later, the Indians are on the verge of using him once again.
Masterson impressed the organization during a simulated game on Sunday. On Tuesday, before the Indians opened a two-game home set against the White Sox, manager Terry Francona said Masterson would be available as a reliever as soon as Wednesday or Thursday.
"He did terrific," Francona said, referring to Masterson's effort in the simulated game. "I actually got to stand behind him, which you never get to do, and his stuff was really good. He makes the point, he wasn't down that long. And it shows. He's worked really hard."
In all likelihood, Masterson will not start any of the Indians' remaining regular-season games. He could return to the rotation at some point in the American League Division Series, if the Indians make it that far.
"We'd have to play for awhile, I would say," Francona said.
Masterson, a first-time All-Star this season, has a 14-10 record and 3.52 ERA in 29 starts. Over 189 1/3 innings, he has 188 strikeouts and 75 walks, with a .224 opponents' average and 1.21 WHIP.
Since joining the Indians in 2009, Masterson has primarily been a starter. But when he played for Francona's Red Sox in 2008-09, only 15 of his 67 regular-season appearances were starts. Masterson came out of the bullpen nine times during the '08 postseason and allowed just three runs (two earned) in 9 2/3 innings, with nine strikeouts and five walks.
"It's been quite some time, especially with any significance," Masterson said of relieving. "And we have like 100 guys down there, too. I might have to sit in the bathroom.
"I'm not above anything that would take place -- however we can help the team. We want to make sure that, although I feel good, will we still be great over three, four, five, seven, eight innings. That's ultimately how I like to do things, go as deep as I can. So we want to make sure we're in the right position for that, so we're not hurting our team when it comes time for something like that."
Whatever Masterson's role will be, the Indians are happy to be able to throw him back out on the mound. He has played a pivotal part in the success of a club that entered Tuesday in possession of the second AL Wild Card spot, and the club is hopeful he will continue to contribute.
"What ended up possibly being a big negative for us -- having Masty not around -- all of a sudden has a chance to be a big weapon for us moving forward," Francona said. "So that's kind of how we'll view it."


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Fishing and Hunting Licenses to Expire June 30
The Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries would like to remind the state's recreational hunters and anglers that their 2005/06 licenses will expire on June 30. Licenses for the 2006/07 seasons will become available for purchase beginning June 1 and will be valid until June 30, 2007.
Sportsmen now have several different ways to purchase or renew their licenses. They may be purchased with a Visa or MasterCard credit card either by visiting www.wlf.louisiana.gov and clicking on "Online Sales" from the "Licenses/Permits" dropdown menu or calling 1-888-765-2602. Local license vendors also offer recreational hunting and fishing licenses. Accepted forms of payment may vary according to the location. Licenses are also available at the LDWF Headquarters building in Baton Rouge, and at LDWF field offices in Opelousas and Monroe.
"Hunting or fishing without a valid license carries a $50 minimum fine," said LDWF License Director Janis Landry. "LDWF wants to make sure that everybody is reminded that all recreational licenses expire on June 30."
For more information, contact Janis Landry at 225-765-2881 or [email protected].


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Hermes Case Study - Online Retailing
The Otto Group is the world's second largest online retailer. The secret in their success lies in fully coordinated processes and cost savings along the 30 kilometers conveyor line. Retrofit is the magic word. Learn more in the video case study about a step-by-step upgrade during running operations.
A retrofit project with 24 Volt RollerDriveWatch video
Handling of returns: Retrofit Project
The Popken Fashion Group successfully distributes its products in more than 30 countries around the world, in stores and internet sales. The returns center today is the decisive factor for customer satisfaction in many ways. It requires maximum flexibility while reducing complexity where possible.
A retrofit project with MCP - Modular Conveyor PlatformWatch video
The Interroll Crossbelt Sorter
Superior sortation accuracy, high throughputs (from 2,000 items up to 16,000 per hour) and low operating costs are just a few of the many features of this outstanding device. On top of that, ease of use and high availability provide our customers with peace of mind: they know Interroll is someone they can trust and rely on.
Sortation in E-Commerce: Delivery on time
E-commerce and online shopping have grown tremendously in the recent years, at constant double-digit growth rates in economies around the world. If you can deliver faster, you get the business. In this complex and demanding market environment, logistics has become a key competitive factor. Considering that sorting, next to order picking, is the most cost-intensive area of logistics, it pays to invest in best-in-class sortation solutions.
Interroll Crossbelt Sorter
Economical Sorter Technology
Interroll is one of the world's leading specialists for sortation systems based on Crossbelt Sorter technology. They are used in a variety of industries, ranging from courier-express-parcel (CEP) to third-party logistics (3PL) and the booming e-commerce markets. Among our customers are leading companies like:
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Interroll is in a unique position as neutral provider of sorters and our unmatched product line of highly flexible horizontal and space-saving vertical Crossbelt Sorters. They assure maximum uptime in day-to-day production thanks to its simple, mechanical drive mechanism. According to the unit loads conveyed, performance targets and spatial conditions, Crossbelt Sorters with either a horizontal configuration (i.e. circular structure) or vertical configuration (i.e. linear structure) can be employed as sortation systems.Download Interroll Crossbelt Brochure
Interroll Horizontal Crossbelt Sorters are characterized by their flexible, space-utilizing routing with curves that also conquer inclines and declines. Infeeds and destinations can be arranged in various ways and be optimized to increase the system's performance.
The main feature of the Interroll Vertical Crossbelt Sorter with linear, straight routing ("over – under") is the distinctive space-saving, compact modular design. For example, a width of just 1.7 m (5.5 ft) is sufficient to install a vertical Crossbelt Sorter with 400 x 400 mm (15 x 15 in) crossbelt carriers. This configuration can save valuable space by transporting full trays inside the Crossbelt Sorter. And that is unique in the market.
The management of returns – so-called reverse commerce or recommerce – is tightly linked to the booming e-commerce and online shopping markets. Depending on the type of product, the percentage of returned goods can reach 50 percent and more, as in the case of online shopping of textiles. Firms must content with this trend on top of the regular order fulfilment operations. It is paramount to find effective ways to deal with this additional flow of goods, be it through internal process optimization or through outsourcing to 3PL providers.
Discover Interroll's unique position as neutral provider of sorters and our unmatched product line of highly flexible horizontal and space-saving vertical Crossbelt Sorters. Here's how we can support you:
- Highly versatile sorting system guarantees safe handling of your product mix
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Amazon.com founder and CEO Jeff Bezos once said:
"If you make customers unhappy in the physical world they might each tell six friends. If you make customers unhappy on the internet they can each tell 6,000 friends."
The key success factors for high-speed sortation are:
- Availability
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Today, the remote retail sector is heavily dependent on a sound logistics solution. Companies in the e-commerce and online shopping sectors rely on Interroll Crossbelt Sorters in their daily operations. Postal and courier services use Crossbelt Sorters and conveyor modules to increase the productivity of their logistics chain.
The Interroll Center of Excellence in Sinsheim (Germany) concentrates on subsystems and modules implemented at key internal logistics points in e-commerce. These include Crossbelt Sorters, belt curves, roller conveyors and belt conveyors. In this product sector, the company is responsible within the global Interroll Group for all technical concerns ranging from development and application engineering to production and support for local Interroll companies and customers. The 15,700 square-meter (169,000 square feet) center is where the in-house design and manufacture of the entire product range takes place. This vertical integration allows us to control the quality of our products from A to Z and offer custom engineering support for our customers.
The Interroll Portec Belt Curve
Whenever reliability, performance and simplicity are called for
With more than 60 years of experience, Interroll Portec Belt Curves are highly persuasive: Customers specifically value the reliability and robustness of the solution, which contributes daily to on-time delivery of parcels and shipments in more than 80,000 installations throughout the world.
With the Interroll Portec Belt Curve, the positive drive requires only low belt tension, thereby ensuring excellent reliability and low overall operating costs. The fact that they require significantly less maintenance than any other Belt Curve persuades all plant engineers and operating companies. In principle, belts are wear parts and have to be replaced from time to time. The open belt, combined with the positive drive, enables a belt change of the Interroll Portec Belt Curve in only 30 minutes.Brochure
Interroll Portec Belt Curve
Let's get ready to rumble!
Suitable products for Courier, Express, Parcel
We have more than 60.000 conveyor rollers types. Each individual roller is made to order, even in very small lot sizes. View products
Learn more about the RollerDrive, a 24 VDC brushless motor integrated in a conveyor roller. Or about our belt drives, which have been specifically designed for belt conveyors. We also provide a range of solutions of controls. View products
Conveyors & Sorters
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Pallet & Carton Flow
Intelligent flow storage systems (Dynamic Storage) offer a multitude of advantages in the area of internal warehouse logistics with high turnover levels. View products


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Ian McConnell fired his second-best career NCAA Regional round on Friday, posting a three-over par 73 at the Eugene Country Club.
No. 6 seed Liberty was poised to make a move up the leaderboard as it made the turn during Day Two of the NCAA Eugene Regional. However, the Flames struggled down the stretch and currently stand in 10th place with 18 holes left to play.
For the second day in a row, the Flames started play on the more difficult back nine and used their experience from yesterday to better their scores the second time around the Eugene Country Club's holes No. 10-18.
Following nine holes of action, Liberty was seven-over par, three shots better than the opening nine holes of play from yesterday's first round. With most of the leaders heading to the nine holes the Flames had just completed, Liberty was in position to move up the leaderboard.
However, the Flames' counting four golfers were 10-over par during the last nine holes, doubling up their score from yesterday's round on the Robert Trent Jones redesigned course.
If the Flames could have replicated or bettered their score from yesterday's final nine holes of play, Liberty could have moved closer to a top five standing, with 10 of the 13 teams in the regional field posting a double-digit over par score today.
The Flames carded a 17-over par 297 for the day and enter tomorrow's final round in 10th place with a 32-over par 592 (295-297).
With the top five teams in the regional field moving on to next week's NCAA Men's Golf National Championship event in Hutchinson, Kan., Liberty will now need to leapfrog five teams tomorrow to make their second trip to nationals in three years.
No. 2 seed Houston (290-293) and No. 9 seed North Florida (286-297) currently hold the coveted fifth-place position. The two teams are nine shots ahead of the Flames with a 23-over par 583 (286-297).
No. 1 seed Stanford widened its overall lead, posting the second-best team score of the day with a two-over par 282. The Cardinal is currently nine shots clear of the field, leading the 13-team tournament with a two-under par 558 (276-282).
No. 3 seed Oklahoma is in second place with a seven-over par 567 (280-287), followed by No. 7 seed and host Oregon. The Ducks carded the best round of the day on their home course, an even par 280, to move into third place with a nine-over par 569 (289-280).
Stanford's Patrick Rodgers, the No. 3 ranked player in the country by Golfstat, widened his individual overall lead thanks to his second sub-par round at the par-70, 6,990-yard course.
Rodgers leads the 75-man field as he is six shots clear of his next competitor with his seven-under par 133 (66-67).
A dozen golfers are currently within three shots of each other and will be vying for a runner-up position during tomorrow's final round.
Among the 12 players in the mix is Liberty's Niklas Lindstrom, who is tied for 10th place with a two-over par 142 (70-72).
The senior overcame back-to-back bogeys to open the day to make the turn at one-over par after a birdie on the short par-4, No. 17 hole (347 yards).
For the second day in a row, Lindstrom birdied the par-5, No. 6 hole to get back to one-over par. However, he dropped his sixth shot of the round with a three-putt bogey at No. 9.
Lindstrom's fellow seniors Chase Marinell (74-75) and Ian McConnell (76-73) share 37th place with a nine-over par 149.
Marinell was able to overcome a four putt at No. 16, the course's No. 1 hardest hole today, and had an opportunity to get back to level par with a 10-foot birdie try from pin high at the par-3, No. 5 hole (192 yards).
However, the senior pulled the putt and the 2014 Big South Men's Golfer of the Year pushed during his last four holes to make something happen where he posted a double bogey, two bogeys and a pair to slide down the individual leaderboard with his five-over par score today.
Marinell struggled during the day to find the shorter grass off the tee, hitting just 4-of-14 fairways. He still managed to hit 11-of-18 greens in regulation and finished his round with 33 total putts.
McConnell had his second-best round in three career NCAA Regional showings despite a par of double bogeys on the par-3, No. 12 and 5 holes. The senior came up short on his shot over the water at No. 5 to drop back to three-over par for the day.
Mathieu Fenasse, who is currently tied for 55th place with a 12-over par 152 (75-77), found similar struggles as McConnell at No. 5. The junior opened his back nine with a birdie at the shorter par-4, No. 1 hole (395 yards) to get back to three-over par for the day.
However, Fenasse had consecutive shots at No. 5 come up short and roll back into the water to post a quadruple bogey on his second-to-last par-3 hole of the day.
Liberty's final golfer in the field is senior Jacob Mast, who is tied for 72nd place with a 23-over par 163 (83-80). The senior made the turn at four-over par thanks to his first regional birdie at No. 17, but he had four more bogeys and a double bogey during his closing holes to post his second score in the 80s.
The Flames will return to the Eugene Country Club tomorrow morning, starting at 8:25 a.m. (PST) to once again tee off from the par-4, No. 10 hole (401 yards).
Liberty will be paired with golfers from No. 5 seed Baylor for the third-straight day and No. 12 seed Wichita State. Golfstat.com will continue to provide hole-by-hole scoring updates throughout the round tomorrow, while @LUGameDay will be on the course to provide more details updates on one of Liberty's five golfers.


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DR. KATZ: Sandy and Sandy Hook: Where do we draw the line?
LEADING up to this year's season of glad tidings and good cheer, we've had more than our share of the opposite. First, Hurricane Sandy; then, the overwhelming atrocity at Sandy Hook school in Newtown. As we recover from both, in some blend of solidarity, solace and stoic resolve --we have cause to reflect on all that sand, and where we choose to draw our lines.
Among the many post-Hurricane Sandy ruminations are nascent plans for how best to mitigate the next such catastrophe. Experts have begun to look around the world at strategies used to interrupt storm surges, divert floodwaters or defend infrastructure. Those reflections continue, and may or may not lead to better defenses next time depending in part on resource availability, in part on our attention span.
There is, as well, more prevalent discussion of climate change, although widespread denial of our contributions to it still persists. What matters more, perhaps, is that another storm like Sandy could come along, whether or not we hold ourselves accountable, and at this point, no matter how seriously we take the issue of far-advanced climate change. We will simply be left to deal with it, and either be better prepared, or not. The time to make the relevant decisions, and draw the corresponding lines in the sands of our shores, is before the next climate calamity, not after.
It is, of course, a shame that we only seem to focus our attention on disaster prevention in the immediate aftermath of disasters. But if that is our nature, those wanting to get anything done are well advised to proceed accordingly.
Since we are constitutionally better at crisis response than crisis prevention, the aftermath of the Sandy Hook tragedy is exactly the right time to talk about what it will take to prevent the next such event. We'll get back to the Constitution shortly.
Yes, we need better mental health care.
And yes, as I argued last week, we need a greater cultural focus on human connections and, in particular, on the bonds of family.
And yes, it's true: no degree of gun control short of eliminating guns from the planet could guarantee that a lunatic will never again shoot an unarmed innocent.
But that no more obviates discussion of sensible gun laws than the fact that no degree of shoreline protection can guarantee we will never again suffer any damage from a monster storm. In defending ourselves, and our children, from monster storms or monstrous people, we are foolish to make an unattainable perfect the enemy of the good we can do. And there is good we can do.
Other than in the hands of military and law enforcement personnel, semiautomatic and assault weapons, and the gear that goes along with them serve the purposes of carnage and devastation almost exclusively. Access to them should be regulated accordingly.
As for the Constitution: this really has nothing whatsoever to do with the Second Amendment, and certainly doesn't infringe on it. The Second Amendment doesn't say anything about what kind of "arms." We are left, as a modern society with weapons unimagined in the days of our Founding Fathers, to figure that out for ourselves.
However we interpret the right of private citizens (having nothing to do with a "well regulated militia," for what it's worth) to bear arms, we are left to decide: what arms?
We seem to agree that private citizens should not bear nuclear arms, nor chemical or biological weapons capable of destroying entire populations, either. Assuming so, then we all agree: We have to draw a line somewhere. The remaining question is where.
If we are safer for having semiautomatic weapons accessible routinely, then we should all get our hands on them. If not, then we shouldn't. We would still have the right to bear arms, just not the ones used preferentially to take an entire classroom of first-graders out of the loving arms of their parents, forever.
Something bad could have happened in Newtown without semiautomatic firepower. But it would have been much less bad. Less bad is better.
We have borne witness to our vulnerability, from the sands of our coastline, to the innocent lives, full of promise, convened each day in the Sandy Hook school. We should examine the resources at our disposal accordingly. and draw our lines in the sand.