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What is now the UEFA European Under-21 Championship has it roots in the late 1960s but there have been many stages in its evolution to the high-profile biennial tournament of today.
The continent's most exciting young players offer a tantalising glimpse into what the future of European football might hold. A curling free-kick from Andrea Pirlo in the 2000 final, a diving penalty save from Petr Čech to help the Czech Republic win the trophy two years after that; the stars of tomorrow did it here first. Italy have triumphed a record five occasions; in 2013 Spain secured their fourth victory.
The format has changed down the years, but the competition's raison d'être has remained the same: to provide a stepping stone from youth football up to the full international stage. The roll call of great players who have graduated from European football's élite finishing school is testament to its enduring success. Roberto Mancini, Zinédine Zidane, Rudi Völler, Davor Šuker, Luís Figo, Raúl González and Frank Lampard to name but a few have all played their part in making the UEFA European U21 Championship one of the highlights on the football calendar.
Today's prestigious eight-team final tournament enjoys worldwide acclaim, but it has evolved considerably since UEFA first put the idea to its member associations in January 1967. The concept then was for a 'Challenge Cup for national representative teams aged under-23'. Seventeen associations signed up, from which Bulgaria and East Germany were drawn to play the first match. It was held in Stara Zagora on 7 June 1967, with Bulgaria winning 3-2 to become the first champions. Like in boxing, they were simply required to defend their title against a series of challengers and Bulgaria then Yugoslavia dominated the early years. The foundations for today's competition had been laid.
It was not until 1976 that the age limit was changed to U21, when UEFA decided the gap between U18 and U23 levels was too great. By now the Challenge Cup format had given way to qualifying groups followed by a knockout competition from the quarter-finals onwards. Yugoslavia prolonged the early eastern dominance by winning that first final in Mostar. Italy, though, would leave the greatest mark on the competition, winning the U21 championship on five occasions, most recently in 2004 when they defeated Serbia and Montenegro 3-0 in Bochum.
Italy were first crowned champions in 1992 and successfully defended their title two years later when for the first time the semi-finals and final were played as a single tournament in France. Pierluigi Orlandini scored the extra-time winner for Italy in Montpellier in the first final to be decided by a single match. The final tournament was expanded to eight teams in Romania in 1998, when Spain interrupted Italy's run of success, but the Azzurrini were back on top in 2000, the year the group stage was introduced in the final tournament. The current format came into place in 2002 when the Czech Republic triumphed in Switzerland.
In 2007 the event was switched to odd years to avoid clashing with the UEFA European Championship and FIFA World Cup. So, with the U21 Championship taking centre stage, the Netherlands put on a show on home soil beating Serbia 4-1 in the final to lift the crown. They failed to make it a hat-trick two years later as Switzerland knocked them out in qualifying and it was Germany's time to shine, Horst Hrubesch's team avenging the 1982 final defeat by England with a record 4-0 triumph in Malmo.
The 2010s was Spain's decade. The Roja won in 2011 and 2013, echoing the nation's success at senior and youth level. Sweden triumphed in 2015 in the Czech Republic but Spain reached the final again in 2017, defeated by Germany. Spain did not have to wait long for revenge and a record-equalling fifth title, though, turning tables on Germany in the 2019 final in Italy.
©UEFA.com 1998-2017. All rights reserved.


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Meeting set in New York next week on possible NHL deal for Sochi Olympics
NEW YORK, N.Y. - NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman will try to wrap up a deal Monday allowing NHL players to compete in the Sochi Olympics.
He says the league will meet in New York with the players' association, the International Olympic Committee and International Ice Hockey Federation.
Bettman spoke Thursday after a session with the Board of Governors. He says the board has given him the authority to finish the deal. Bettman said "that's something we will try and conclude an agreement with."
Having the NHL players compete in the games would mean a break in next year's NHL regular season of about two weeks in February.

subset: commoncrawl


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Scorching might be the only way to describe it. In the seven months since its release, PIMCO Total Return ETF (BOND) has attracted $3 billion in assets, making it the fastest growing and largest actively managed ETF in the short history of the space.
In fact, the fund run by legendary bond manager Bill Gross is among "the 10 top-selling ETFs this year even though it wasn't launched until March," according to ETF Trends' John Spence.
And that's not all. PIMCO, with $1.8 trillion in total assets under management also has the No. 2 actively managed ETF by assets, PIMCO's Enhanced Short Maturity Strategy. That ETF rings in with about $2 billion in assets. WisdomTree's Emerging Markets Local Debt ETF is the third largest actively managed ETF with $1.4 billion in assets.
As one might expect, analysts describe PIMCO's actively managed ETFs as validation for the actively managed argument overall.
"But it's no more than a validation now than it was when it reached $2 billion in assets," said Morningstar ETF analyst Tim Strauts. "Even then it was the largest actively-managed ETF. It helps to have a star manager attached to it and the strong performance of the corresponding Total Return mutual fund."
"This is a watershed event. You're taking the largest actively managed mutual fund and making it more accessible, more transparent and cheaper, which is appealing to many potential investors," Todd Rosenbluth, an ETF analyst with Standard & Poor's Capital IQ, told AdvisorOne when the ETF was launched back in March. "Smartphones come out on a regular basis, but they don't get the same buzz as when a new iPhone comes out. There's a cachet behind this because of the strong brand name and the track record that Bill Gross and his team have established."
PIMCO Total Return ETF switched ticker symbols from TRXT to BOND on the NYSE Arca in April and has a gross expense ratio of 0.55%, which is notably cheaper than the 0.85% charged for the more established PIMCO Total Return A (PTTAX), according to Rosenbluth. PTTAX underperformed intermediate investment grade bond fund peers in the past 12 months ended Feb. 24, but has an above-average five- and 10-year annualized record.


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Delivery: 5-10 daysThe style comes up a little large. If you are between two sizes, it is better to take a size down. This information is an estimation based on our customers' feedback.Please not that Veja cannot be held responsible for your choice.
- Upper in B-mesh: made from recycled plastic bottles- Panels made out of suede and leather- Logo V made of rubber- Lining in Jersey of recycled polyester- Insole made out of expanded P.U. and organic cotton- Sole made of wild rubber from the Amazonian forest - Made in Brazil, in the region of Porto Alegre
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Where Does Crime Go After Public Housing Projects Are Demolished?
As critics have lamented for years, the mega American public housing projects built during the 1960s and '70s were often so flawed in their design as to harm residents – and the neighborhoods around them – more than they helped anyone. They were designed on super blocks that cut residents off from the surrounding community and that kept police from easily accessing the grounds. They were built in shoddy barracks and imposing towers, neither of which gave residents any control over the safety of their communal outdoor spaces. They were, in a sense, dangerous by design (although no one thought of it that way at the time).
"There's this combination of all of these issues serving to perpetuate that stereotype about people who live there, that public housing itself were bad areas, and they were havens for crime," says Meagan Cahill, a researcher at the Urban Institute. "But in a way, they did become havens for crime. It's hard for police to police them, you had a lot of low-income people living there, a lot of people who might have been marginalized economically, and not a lot of job opportunity in neighborhoods where the housing was built."
Eventually, cities started razing a lot of the worst projects, many under the Hope VI federal grant program that offered financing for a new generation of public housing that wasn't supposed to look like public housing at all. Hope VI called for rebuilding mixed-income communities on shorter blocks with less institutional town homes and designing streets, lawns, and porches that people would want to cherish and protect.
Above: D.C.'s old Capitol Gateway housing project during demolition in 2005 (DC Housing Enterprises). Below: Capitol Gateway today. (Henson Development).
It wasn't clear though what would happen to all that crime when old public-housing fortresses were demolished. Would it move with the residents when they were dispersed? Would it just cross the street? And would any improvements really last over time?
Cahill and several researchers at the Urban Institute have tried to answer these questions in a series of fascinating case studies in Washington, D.C. and Milwaukee, and the results of their research speak to the power of design to potentially alter the course of even crime statistics.
They looked at two of the worst projects in Washington, in the Capper/Carollsburg and Capitol Gateway areas of the city, and a third site on the north side of Milwaukee. All three had been exemplars of the old, flawed public-housing model, and they were all redeveloped under Hope VI over the last decade, on the same sites, into communities that wouldn't be easily recognized as public housing today. In Washington, the redevelopment took so many years that a mostly new population moved in. In Milwaukee, the residents remained in place throughout the construction and make up a similar group today to the one that lived in the project before.
In both cities, the researchers watched crime fall – at the sites themselves and in the neighborhoods around them.
"I actually honestly was pretty surprised that it was that dramatic," Cahill says of the results. "I think they are pretty impressive."
This is what the diffusion of crime looked like over time at the Capper/Carollsburg site:
And this is how it appeared around Capitol Gateway:
The crime, in other words, didn't just relocate. Much of it disappeared. This process took longer in Milwaukee, but the fact that it eventually happened there, too – when the population of residents largely remained the same – underscores the impact of changing the places themselves. Hope VI didn't make these projects safer merely by breaking up the concentration of crime that had developed in them.
"I think the biggest thing they did was think about the design of the new places," Cahill says.
Of course, all of this decline in crime likely can't be traced back to the renewed housing itself. These areas have seen other redevelopment as well. And Hope VI included other reforms, such as increasing the social services in these communities. But Cahill's maps are telling, and they raise intriguing questions about exactly how a community changes when its built environment does.
Did these neighborhoods become safer because better housing telegraphed to the residents that their communities were valuable?
"If there is crime in an upscale neighborhood, everybody would come together, people would be up in arms, they'd demand the police pay attention, they'd say 'let's get more patrols in here!'" Cahill says. "Low-income residents in a lot of poor areas, they've just given up on the police, they're not treated well by the police. They feel like the problems are too large for them to address. This is returning that sense of power to the residents, increasing the community's capacity to do something about their situation."


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So, after a couple of days of niggly chest pain, and feeling a bit light headed today as well, Dr Google told me not to be an arse, and get it checked out. F**k, f**k, f**k, f**k!
Anyway, three hours, an ECG, the most comprehensive blood test I've ever had, and assorted other tests - the doc was confidently able to tell me that it definitely wasn't a cardiac problem.
Cost me $90, at an after-hours clinic. Damn that socialised health care!


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If this video wasn't made for the viral Web, we don't know what is.
In the clip, Mercedes-Benz shows off a nifty trick involving a 571-hp SLS AMG convertible. Pro driver David Coulthard and pro golfer Jake Shepherd combine for a world record for the longest golf shot caught by a moving vehicle.
Now, we're not sure what the previous record was, or whether one even existed. The trick does get high marks, though, for degree of difficulty.
The video shows Coulthard and Shepherd practicing a few times before the ball lands comfortably in the cabin after traveling nearly 300 yards. We'd bet it took a few more attempts than that.
Coulthard, wearing a helmet and glasses, tracks the ball through the sky before settling under it for the snag. The car needed to travel at about 120 mph as it passed the ball, which took off at nearly 180 mph.
Judges from Guinness World Records were on hand to witness the event.
Stay tuned next week when a BMW attempts catches a javelin to celebrate the London Olympic Games. We hope.


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Jason Aldean says his real life is actually pretty relaxed.
Carrie Underwood's husband says she likes horror movies more than he does.
Little Big Town balance raising kids on a bus with new success.
Dierks Bentley adds Kix Brooks to his Miles & Music for Kids lineup.
Kathleen Edwards survives a scary ordeal with a yellow jacket.


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It is fashionable to have short-term mission trips. I am suspicious of some (not all) short-term missions because they look like "christianised" overseas holidays. I have two questions: (a) What should be the biblical characteristics of short-term missions? (b) To what extent should a church fund those lay people who want to go on short-term missions?
There are valid concerns in the church today regarding the misuse of short-term mission (STM) opportunities. As in all areas of our Christian walk, we need to carefully and prayerfully examine our motives for those things we do that, at the surface, may appear to be good things, but could be done poorly or for the wrong motives. STMs ought not to escape this examination.
Without claiming to be an authority on "biblical characteristics" of STMs (particularly since the topic is not directly addressed in the Bible), I would suggest three (of many) aspects that should be a part of a short-term missions opportunity properly executed.
First, since the purpose of missions in general is to expand the kingdom of Christ through the gospel preached and applied, STMs ought to assist or enable that purpose in some fashion. This could happen directly so that the team is teaching or evangelizing those with whom it comes into contact. This could be indirectly through a team relieving full-time missionaries of diaconal concerns or technical problems, further enabling them to carry out the preaching of the gospel. Or that team could also set the stage for the full-time evangelist to carry out the gospel ministry.
Second, STMs ought to be performed in connection with a full-time missionary or local indigenous church. Gospel recipients need to be further nurtured over the long haul. They need to have a local church to join themselves to or a missionary who can help establish a church in that area.
Third, as in all of life, STMs need to be done to bring glory to God. At every moment, team members need to ask themselves how they can bring glory to God in what they are doing, in how they are acting and in the words they use. Prior to the trip, the participants need to prayerfully examine their own attitudes and motives for becoming part of the team.
Your second question is a question of stewardship. We need to examine the uses of all the funds (church or personal) that the Lord has entrusted to us to see whether that is the best use of those funds, and often this is a matter that is just between us and the Lord. Some questions we might ask ourselves might be: Is this expense within the scope of the church's budget? Might there be benefit in each participant raising some outside support and/or paying some of his own expenses so that he has invested more into the opportunity? Does the potential blessing of the opportunity outweigh the financial cost? How does the duration of the trip affect its potential benefit vs. cost? Might God use this overseas mission trip to whet a person's appetite for future long-term service as a missionary? Will this trip promote greater partnership between the local church at home and the church abroad? Is the participant spiritually mature enough to benefit from the trip to a degree that justifies the cost?
These are only a sample of many questions that might be asked and considered. I hope that you find these answers helpful to you as you wrestle with considering what role short-term missions should have in Christ's church. May God bless your quest for what is right with wisdom from above.
"Questions and Answers" is a weekly feature of the OPC website. The answers come from individual ministers in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church expressing their own convictions and do not necessarily represent an "official" position of the Church, especially in areas where the Standards of the Church (the Scriptures and the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms) are silent.
The questions come from individuals like yourself. If you have questions about biblical and theological matters, you are invited to send them by e-mail by using the "Pose a Question" link on the OPC home page or by clicking here.
At least one new question is posted each week, so there should always be something new here for you to read. (For those people who would like to look at previous questions and answers, they will continue to be available as well.)
The purpose of the OPC website's "Questions and Answers" is to respond to biblical and theological questions. Matters of church discipline, disputes, or debates go beyond the scope of our work. We recommend that you present your concerns in these areas to the appropriate judicatory. In most cases this will be to a local pastor, elder, or session. We do not want the website to replace personal involvement in, or commitment to, the local, visible church.
While we will respond to every serious questioner, we are not bound to give a substantive answer to every question, should we deem the question to be beyond the scope of our purpose or our own ability to answer.
You will receive an answer by e-mail. Please be patient as many of our respondents are busy pastors. The response to your question may take up to two (2) weeks. Some of the questions submitted will be chosen to be posted here, along with the corresponding answers.
Note that the "Questions and Answers" posted on the site have been editedall personal references are removed, Scripture references or from some source may be added, and sometimes portions are expandedto make the questions and answers more useful to a larger audience.
|© 2020 The Orthodox Presbyterian Church
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Following the computer mishap that spewed orders through stock exchanges on Wednesday and led to a $440 million loss at market maker Knight Capital Group, the SEC is speeding efforts to require exchanges and other market centers to ensure the "capacity and integrity of their systems."
Securities and Excnage Commission Chairwoman Mary Schapiro said in a statement on Thursday that she has directed SEC staff to convene a roundtable in the coming weeks to discuss "further steps that can be taken to address these critical issues."
The apparent trading error by Knight Capital Group on Wednesday "reflects the type of event that can raise concerns for investors about our nation's equity markets—markets that I believe are the most resilient, efficient and robust in the world," Schapiro said.
While Wednesday's event was "unacceptable," Schapiro said, "I would note that several of the measures we instituted following the flash crash helped to limit its impact. Recently adopted circuit breakers halted trading on individual stocks that experienced significant price fluctuations, and clearly defined rules guided the exchanges in determining which trades could be broken, giving the marketplace certainty."
Existing rules also "make it clear that when broker-dealers with access to our markets use computers to trade, trade fast, or trade frequently, they must check those systems to ensure they are operating properly," Schapiro continued. "And, naturally, we will consider whether such compliance measures were followed in this case."
Bloomberg reported Monday that Knight Capital had received a $400 million cash infusion through the sale of convertible securities after trading losses spurred by the software failure "drove the market maker to the brink of bankruptcy."
Investors agreed to buy preferred stock that will be convertible into about 267 million common shares, Bloomberg reported the company as saying. Getco, an automated trading firm, Blackstone Group, brokerages Stifel Nicolaus & Co. and TD Ameritrade Holding Corp., and the investment banks and Stephens and Jefferies Group are investing.


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Do the Cubs intend on winning the World Series in 2015 or just starting to compete that particular year? I am anxious to see what the game plan is. -- George V, Lombard, Il.
The master plan is to build sustained success. I just wonder about the fans' patience if there aren't improvements next year on the field and in the National League Central standings, where the big three of St. Louis, Pittsburgh and Cincinnati should be competitive through at least 2015.
And if you're building sustained success, can you accept division and league titles without winning the World Series?
On more than one occasion, Pedro Strop has been touted as next year's closer. Yet, instead of auditioning him for the job, the Cubs continue to allow the soon-to-be-gone Kevin Gregg to close games. Why? -- Alan Koufer, Nashville, Tenn.
About 10 days ago Sveum said that Pedro Strop would get a chance to close games in September. Since then, all save chances have still gone to Gregg. Do you see Strop getting a chance over the remaining weeks? I have him on my fantasy team and I need saves! -- Jim, Morris Plains, N.J.
First, the Cubs haven't enjoyed many comfortable victories, let alone wins. I'm not sure that next season's closer will be determined by what Strop does with one or two save chances.
But I'd like to see him get a chance to save a game. We saw Tuesday night where Justin Grimm entered the ninth inning of a tie game. The results weren't great, but at least Grimm got his feet wet in that situation after spending most of his career as a starter.
Jim, I hope you have a closer for a playoff contending team on your fantasy roster.
Do you think Anthony Rizzo will amount to anything? I haven't been impressed with what he's done so far. He doesn't seem to be a good clutch hitter. He's hitting for a low average and seems to be an average fielder. Is he the future of the Cubs? -- John Ptaszynski, Austin
He has to be part of the future for the Cubs. They gave him a seven-year, $41 million contract in May, and he's accompanied general manager Jed Hoyer on his stops at Boston, San Diego and now the Cubs.
I think he's a pretty good fielder. He's only 24, and I chalk this season up to a learning process. He's got to adjust quicker to the pitchers, but I think he's capable of doing that.
Rizzo is at a point in his career somewhat like Will Clark in 1988. Clark had a much better average (.282), but it dipped 26 points and he struck out a career-high 129 times from the result of not adjusting to pitchers.
Clark made the proper adjustments and hit a career-high .333 and cut his strikeouts down by 26, and you Cubs know what he did in the playoffs.
The lack of clutch hitting, however, is disturbing, since he hit .338 with runners in scoring position in 2012. There will be a lot to assess this winter, but I think he can bounce back the way his Miami Dolphins have so far.
Can you please tell me why we are waiting so long to call up our top prospects? This year will be the second year in a row I have not attended a Cubs game. Before then, I went to 15 or so a year. This product on the field is not a good product or a chance to see the future. -- Josh, Lexington, Ken.
The last thing the Cubs want to do is rush their prospects as well as start their service time clocks. I think they're taking the proper approach with Baez in that when he's shown he's dominated Triple-A pitching, then they'll move him around at second base and third base as the final steps to his minor league development.
Soler and Almora missed some valuable time because of injuries, so they need plenty of at-bats. Kyle Edwards threw a career high 166 1/3 innings in the minors, and there were no innings for him on the major league level.
When I think of this talk about Kris Bryant being the Cubs' opening day third baseman in 2014, I'm reminded of a recent conversation I had with Pat Hughes about the 1971 San Francisco Giants and a rookie named Dave Kingman who was promoted to the majors slightly a year after he was drafted.
Kingman batted .278 in the final two months and helped the Giants win the NL West, but the opposing pitchers caught up to him the following seasons and he never completely rebounded as a complete hitter until his 1979 season with the Cubs.
I've seen Bryant play in person once as a sophomore and was very impressed. But I think he's got some seasoning ahead of him before he forces the issue at the major league level. The Cubs also have done the right thing in adding depth in the outfield (moving Vitters) and third base because there are no assurances that their marquee players will become bonafide stars.
I don't know why the Cubs aren't playing Logan Watkins more. I would like to see what he can do. I think of Darwin Barney as more of a utility guy. What do you think? -- Jim Pedigo, Chicago
Barney has played Gold Glove caliber defense at second base for the second consecutive season. His average has been disappointing, but he's been asked to handle the bat in the second and eight spots, the latter not an easy task in the NL.
I thought Watkins would get more than three starts since being promoted on Aug. 4, but Barney is young and a solid defender, as his unpaid advisers point out frequently. This could be an interesting situation with Baez potentially moving around at different positions – including second base.
How long will the owners put up with Sveum? His choice of players and plays make it impossible to win a game. He is also scruddly-looking and needs to clean himself up. Tatoos, unshaven, red eyes, makes me long for Dusty Baker. The Cardinals' manager is always neat and clean and looks the part. -- Norma Stasi, Iowa City
The decision on Sveum will be left up to the team president, who has stressed that he won't evaluate the manager on wins and losses.
I don't think Lou Piniella was the most frequently groomed man, and Joe Maddon bleached his hair. I don't think that stopped them from leading teams to the World Series.
This is no knock on Mike Matheny, the Cardinals' manager. Managers, like players, come in different shapes and styles. Whitey Herzog stretched the Cardinals' polyester uniforms very well and is a Hall of Fame manager.
With just under two weeks to go, it looks like the Sox are going to edge the Cubs for the third pick in next year's draft. Who are the Cubs taking with the fourth pick? --J.B., Chicago
August was a huge month for planning for the 2014 draft with the annual Area Code Games in Long Beach, Calif., the Perfect Game All-America Classic in San Diego, and the Under Armour All-America Game at Wrigley Field.
There's a deeper track record with college players, but the Cubs have found promise through the high school route with Albert Almora and Javier Baez with their recent first picks.
The consensus No. 1 pick is North Carolina State left-hander Carlos Rodon. One scouting director told me that the quality of the draft among the first 20 picks is deeper than it was last June.
The Cubs would like to improve their catching depth, and Alex Jackson from Rancho Bernardo High School in San Diego could be available. I'm sure that Jason McLeod, the Cubs' senior vice president of player development/scouting who grew up in San Diego, is familiar with Jackson.
However, I believe the Cubs will take the best player available, regardless of need.
In 2012, the Cubs drafted at least 15 pitchers in the amateur draft. We haven't heard anything about them. Are any of them projected to be major league pitchers? -- Dennis Butler
I wrote about the playoff performances of Pierce Johnson and Paul Blackburn, the Cubs' sandwich picks, last week.
Duane Underwood and Ryan McNeil, the Cubs' second and third round pick in the 2012 draft, were selected out of high school. So there's no urge to advance them until they've proven they're ready.
Underwood had a 3-4 record and 4.97 ERA at short-season Class-A Bosie, and McNeil was 1-0 with a 1.35 ERA with 18 strikeouts (but 10 walks) in 20 innings for the Cubs' Arizona League affiliate.
While all signs created by current management point toward a bright future, I'm extremely disappointed by the product they put on the field THIS season and the lack of attention to players signed to play in 2013. Edwin Jackson had a losing record prior to coming to Chicago, had played for seven teams and had a losing record. Teams don't give up on winners easily. Brent Lillibridge is a .205 career hitter. Ian Stewart? Dave Sappelt?
Those are just a few of the names from the opening day roster -- and take a look at the guys on the team, now and you'll continue to scratch your head.
My question is: Who is the brainiac responsible for this roster? Is anyone accountable? I'm not a huge Dale Sveum fan, but he sure got a pathetic opening day roster. Will there be more emphasis on the product on the field to start next season? -- Steve Monroe, Chicago
Sveum isn't the president of baseball operations, nor is he the general manager. And consider that the 13 players on the opening day that are no longer with the Cubs were either traded, outrighted off the 40-man roster or granted their unconditional release.
The offense has suffered gradually since Alfonso Soriano and David DeJesus were dealt. That hasn't helped Anthony Rizzo, although he's been terrible with runners in scoring position. If you're going to have a competitive offense, it takes more than two players to carry the team at various junctures of the season. I don't think it's fair to squarely put the blame on a manager when a successful player like Starlin Castro is asked to be more selective and be barbecued when he struggles, but that's where we're at right now.
He is accountable for some managing decisions, but you can only do with what you have to work with. And that's presented by the team president and general manager.


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Video: Behind the Scenes at Arirang Kimchi
"Artisan, hand-made kimchi, straight out of your mom's kitchen.. except this really is my mom's kitchen," says Vicky Oh, general manager of Arirang Kimchi. In the latest Food Curated video from Liza de Guia, we meet Vicky and her mom Kyung Oh, who started experimenting with kimchi recipes about 30 years ago when she moved to the United States from Korea on her honeymoon.
Based in Englewood, New Jersey, the company now goes through 500 to 600 boxes of Napa cabbage a week. If you like seeing cabbage en masse being mixed with lots of garlic, scallions, ginger, and that magical red pepper kimchi sauce (the family's secret recipe!), you will like this video. You can find jars of Arirang Kimchi (including Chongkak Kimchi, the baby radish kimchi) at select markets across New York City.


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football fever is still going – it's the netherlands vs brazil in just 15 minutes time, and ghana vs urugay tonight. as you may have guessed i'm rooting for holland (my extended family are kaaskoppe hehe) and ghana (viva afrika). i'm also supporting germany because of even more familial connections; they'll be playing argentina in cape town on saturday, what a game that's going to be! i would be a bit disappointed if it ended up being just south american teams in the world cup… but i'm still going to enjoy this tournament to the very end no matter what the outcome.
images from the daily maverick


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Bots are complicated. They're made to process repetitive actions autonomously and can be fairly easy to build, but they aren't always working on the side of good. Here's what you need to know.
Each year, EContent magazine compiles a list of the 100 companies that matter most in the digital content industry.
Voting is now closed. We'll announce the results of the first-ever EContent 100 list chosen by the people!
David Spark
Sep 17, 2003
Looking for a solution to manage all your digital assets? EContent looks at two companies that took divergent paths in building a DAM solution.
Company: Martha Stewart Living Omnimediawww.marthastewart.comAssets: 97,000DAM Solution: WebWare's ActiveMedia Enterprisewww.webware.com
So three years ago, Martha Stewart Living had a bake off. Bushane and crew sampled more than a dozen digital asset management (DAM) applications, and settled on WebWare's Mambo (later renamed ActiveMedia Enterprise) for its breadth of handling many different kinds of file types, especially video. Upon initial adoption, MSL quickly realized that its demands actually exceeded Mambo's capabilities. There was an initial growth period for both companies as the application had to be reprogrammed to better handle certain file types, like Quark documents, plus the volume of content MSL needed to import.
Three Stages There are three stages to a DAM solution: production, management, and distribution. During the production phase, the WebWare solution integrates with development tools like Adobe Photoshop to create a traceable media asset. An asset can be incorporated into the DAM system during its creation allowing for an approval process within WebWare; or it can be batch ingested after all the assets have been produced and approved. MSL chose the latter.
Upon collecting the initial content, Bushane quickly realized that she needed to hire a content librarian to define metadata for these assets. "We needed someone within our team that was going to own the language by which we would define all these assets." That person met with all the business units to determine which fields should be tracked, like whether a photo had been published or if the image included Martha.
Meta searches become important, especially in the development of catalogs and "Best of" issues. When editors search for articles, they can see all the associated assets—used and unused. For example, a multitude of photos are usually shot for a single article, but only a handful are actually published. Instead of having to commission another photo shoot for the new issue, an editor has the option of choosing to use some of the unpublished photos.
Benefits Inside and Out Even though MSL only makes its WebWare database available to company employees, customers also see benefits, like when they call customer service and ask, "Could you send me that apple pie recipe that was published sometime last year?" Customer service can now locate these types of assets without a problem. Bushane also says the company is looking for a business case to extend the WebWare content directly to the customer.
Carlos Montalvo, WebWare's chief marketing officer, is impressed with MSL's initiative. "Most [media companies] concerned about the repurposing of assets and the ability to assign multiple rights to multiple users of assets are in fact not repurposing media," he says. While most companies talk about leveraging the benefits of asset management, Martha Stewart Living is actually doing it.


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Cruz to report to Rangers on Friday
SURPRISE, Ariz. -- General manager Jon Daniels said the Rangers expect outfielder Nelson Cruz to be in camp on Friday when position players are scheduled to report.
The Rangers have acknowledged Cruz is part of an MLB investigation into a Miami wellness clinic that allegedly sold performance-enhancing drugs. Cruz is one of the players who has been linked to the clinic as a possible customer.
But Daniels said the Rangers have heard very little from MLB on the subject.
"It's my sense that it's not something we'll hear about until something actually happens," Daniels said. "We have no other choice but to act as business as usual."


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This edition of Name That Council features a patch that has two simple clues. If you can identify them, you shouldn't have much trouble figuring out which council wears this shoulder patch. Send us your guess, and we'll take all of the correct answers and randomly pick
one to win the patch shown above.
Here are the rules:
- Submit
your guess by e-mail.
- Make sure the subject line reads "Name That Council June 18"
- Only one entry is allowed per household.
Include the following information with your entry:
- Your name.
- Your unit number.
- Your council name.
- Your mailing address (so we know where to send your patch if you
The contest closes at 12:01 a.m. ET on Friday, June 25.
We'll announce the winner and the correct answer on Monday, June 28.
Good luck!


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Long Beach Island: Open For Business [AUDIO]
More than two months have passed since Superstorm Sandy made landfall in New Jersey, destroying homes and businesses all over the shore.
Many communities have come together to work on the cleanup and recovery effort, which promises to be a long and arduous task. The 18-mile stretch known as Long Beach Island continues to rise from the rubble the October storm left behind as officials work to bring back residents and tourists. The good news? LBI is open.
That's the message members of the Southern Ocean County Chamber of Commerce is working to spread. In the days and weeks following the storm, many of the businesses went into cleanup mode quickly so they can get up and running again. According to Lori Pepenella, the Destination Marketing Director with the chamber, hundreds of stores and eateries are open for business and are trying to drive traffic back to the island.
Pepenella says, "We are a year round destination. It's not just the Summer months we're concerned about. There's lots to see and do on the island in the Winter, Spring and Fall too."
Hours after the storm, the chamber's website was updated with links and facts for rebuilding and recovery on the Surviving Sandy Newsletter, with info from consumer fraud tips, FEMA, SBA and NJ Business Action Center information.
Pepenella has attended several meetings to encourage an increase in tourism marketing budget to help state counteract the post storm publicity that the entire shore line has received.
"LBI is open, the mainland is open and this is our mantra everyday," stated Pepenella.
A series of ads have been placed locally and out of state, as well as long standing initiatives such as February Chocolate Week, April 21 Wedding Road Show and June Art and Film Festivals are already being promoted. Business events are also being scheduled on a regular basis.
The chamber has planned a dynamic breakfast meeting on January 8. The annual State of the Chamber at Sea Oaks Country Club featuring Assemblywoman DiAnne Gove, Rockport Analytics Researcher Ken McGill, Kelly Schulz, VP Public Relations of New Orleans CVB and Joel Naroff nationally accredited economist all to give their insight and suggestions on upcoming year.
The event begins at 8:30 and is $35. The Southern Ocean County Chamber of Commerce is located at 265 West Ninth Street and offers SBA and other crucial information for businesses to begin to rebuild.
Contact them at 609-494-7211 or visit their website.


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Your Comments Are Welcome
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Abstract photography, sometimes called non-objective, experimental or conceptual photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.
Rendition photography is the processing of an existing photograph using photographic equipment, materials, processes or software to render an image which differs in varying degrees from, while still resembling, the original image.
Origin Each of the following images were taken and/or created solely by Nelson Brace Photography.
If you click on any photo it increases in size and full screen viewing gives the best results. ENJOY!Read More


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Posted 9 years ago
(1 item)
I received this beautiful porcelain doll of a little boy 29 years ago as a gift. It is 17 inches in height...in perfectly pristine & clean condition.
Can any doll collector give me any information about this doll...the only info tagged is on the bottom of one of the shoes is: happy collection 5.
Would really appreciate any info you can provide and approximate value would also be very much appreciated.
Thank you!


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Websites to visit
See thousands of diamonds glittering in the Imperial State Crown
The Imperial State Crown is part of the Crown Jewels.
Spot diamonds, rubies and other jewels on St. Edward's Crown
Click on the zoom tools or choose a different view.
View a spectacular replica of Henry VIII's Tudor Crown
Examine Queen Mary's stunning "Ladies of India" Necklace
Use the zoom tools or for more jewels click on "previous" or "next object".
Browse photos of brightly painted crests of Knights of the Garter
Websites to visit
Explore the decorations on Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation Dress
You can also see other uniforms, robes and dresses worn at the Coronation.
The royal family wearing the blue Garter Robe and Garter Badge
Their blue robes are similar to the Garter Robe worn by Edward III in the 1300s.
See the Gold Stage Coach, used at every coronation since 1821
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This clip introduces three kings named George - George I, George II and George III, and their queens.
Watch a video about Henry VIII's magnificent clothes
Watch a re-enactment of an entertainment called a masque
This masque was written for Charles I in 1634.
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The picture was painted in the 1470s. (Click on the image then click on "Zoom in" at the top right.)
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Use the zoom tools, or for a closer view of Henry VIII click on an arrow button.
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Lennox has over a century of history producing some of the greatest heating and air conditioning systems available anywhere. Your Grandma and Grandpa likely had Lennox equipment in their home—and in some cases they may still have the same system!
If you have Lennox equipment to meet your heating and cooling needs, you can count on Abbey Air Service Experts in Oakville to provide factory-authorized professional service and repair.
We are a licensed, highly qualified, nationally certified heating and air conditioning contractor, with the skills and know-how to keep your Lennox HVAC equipment purring away in top form. And with utility costs that help your bank account.
Call Abbey Air Service Experts in Oakville today at for a Precision Tune-Up. That's what we call our routine maintenance service to help assure reliable, energy-efficient operation of your Lennox furnace or AC system.
Or, if your Lennox heating and cooling equipment should ever need repair, call us anytime, we're always open for you.


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With schools restricting play-time and play-space, and kids spending more time doing homework and sports activities, it's harder and harder for kids to just play. And it's exactly this free, outdoor play that they really need.
"Movement through active free play, especially outside, improves everything from creativity to academic success and emotional stability," says Angela Hanscom, pediatric occupational therapist and author of "Balanced and Barefoot: How Unrestricted Outdoor Play Makes for Strong, Confident, and Capable Children".
A friend of mine with a tiny London garden figured this one out: when her boys have had enough of homework, screens and toys, she pushes them into their jackets and out into their tiny London 'garden'. At first they complained, banged on the door, shouted at her to 'free' them. But when she returned an hour later they were engrossed in making a mini-Star Wars Jedi camp using bits of leaves and twigs.
So just let them get out and get on it with it, however you can.
The more nature you have around you, the luckier you are: use it. And, where possible, go barefoot. Bare feet grow stronger and more flexible to develop the arches of the feet as well as a strong big toe for balanced, skilful movement. Bare feet also send more sensory messages to growing, curious brains.
And if it's hard to get out of your big smoke, find pockets of nature. Urban playgrounds are pits of parental paranoia. I once watched a smart-looking dad at the top of a rope monkey-bar yelling "come on, Graciella, put some effort into it" at his (sobbing) 6-year-old stuck half way up. The toddler area sandpit is no better. I'm done with the cooing chorus of, 'share, Otis, share' and, 'don't climb up the slide Bella' or 'wait your turn Oscar, gentle….'. There is so much more to urban parks: find the forgotten corners, open a book and let them go wild.
Risk is good for kids. Doing something on their own with a whiff of danger about it – from whittling with a knife, to lighting a fire or building a fort from large sticks and branches – boosts kids' confidence and teaches team-work. We wouldn't stop kids learning to ride bikes, right? It's risky, but we all know it's a valuable skill. Same goes for other so-called dangerous activities.
Through trying and failing and learning to trust their capabilities kids learn patience, perseverance and resilience, skills I certainly find I need to keep working on as an adult. So if you can't get into the wild for some danger, bring it home. Let kids whittle with sticks collected from the park. Get them cooking. Give them a DIY project to get on with. Recently, I told my five-year-old son he needed to stay outside while I finished off some work, without being harangued for TV. When I heard the sound of a hammer coming from the treehouse, I knew he'd 'borrowed' some tools. I felt like shouting at him to put the hammer down, but I stopped myself. An hour later he came in to tell me he wanted to show me the shelf he built. Wonky and with some very dodgy nails sticking out, he balanced a small plant pot on his 'shelf'. He was beaming. I'm glad I didn't yell at him for nicking the hammer. Now he has his own place for 'his' tools.
School and park playgrounds are becoming ever more padded, and while this might placate worried parents: it's no good for kids. While a parents' instinct is to protect kids, when it comes to how they want to move their bodies, on a neurological level, we're doing them more harm than good. To quote Angela Hanscom again, "Children with healthy neurological systems naturally seek out the sensory input they need on their own. They determine how much, how fast, and how high works for them. They do this without even thinking about it. If they are spinning in circles, it is because they need to. If they are jumping off a rock over and over, they are craving that sensory input. They are trying to organize their senses through practice and repetition." So let them hang upside down from a tree branch, sled down hills in the snow, spin wildly in circles and get down on their hands and knees: it's good for their bodies and their growing, curious brains.
I know how lucky I am to have two able-bodied children who do not have to spend time in hospitals because of medical conditions. I have endless admiration for the parents whose family situations are different, and much, much tougher than mine. And I know they would love for their medical problems to come in the form of cuts and bruises, scrapes and stings. So don't freak out when kids get hurt: turns out it's the kids who get hurt who are less likely to have accidents later on.
Kids who fall when they climb trees don't get traumatized and wind up with vertigo – it's the ones who don't climb the trees at all who grown up too scared to even try.
And kids can teach each other: I adore my sons' cautious friend who is a much better break on his excesses than I will ever be. And his parents were delighted the day my son finally helped him climb the big tree on his own. Way, way more valuable than me standing there yelling 'stop' at my son at the top of my lungs while my friend cajoles, 'come on, give it a shot' at hers. There are enough studies of childhood psychology now that show children who are hurt in a fall before the age of 9 are less likely to fear heights as teenagers.
The Americans have started popping up on the OtillO circuit (the original and best Swimrun series in Europe originating on the idyllic island of Uto in the Stockholm archipelago) and they are fast and enthusiastic to 'blow the sport up' Stateside.
Kids need to live nature: they need to feel at home in it's surroundings, be happy to play in it's mud, climbs its trees, dig in it's sand and make dens from it's rocks, branches and leaves.
It is not enough to watch nature videos and be herded from plastic playground to plastic playground by watchful parents concerned about dirt and injury.
Use these key tips to improve on flexibility the healthy way. Remember, A smile is a helpful cue! A grimacing face indicates a forceful, unnatural movement - always work with your body, not against it. Working to enhance your physical capability should be a joyful process, not a miserable one!
I started running seriously 7 years ago. After realizing my technique was all wrong from getting shin splints and landing heel first, I investigated barefoot running, learned the technique and found Vivo barefoot shoes! My first pair were Evo pures
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The Medical Messiahs:
A Social History of Health Quackery
in Twentieth-Century America
Chapter 15: Medicine Show Impresario
James Harvey Young, PhD
"What's Hadacol? Well, basically, it's a patent medicine—a little honey, a little of this and that, and a stiff shot of alcohol hyped up with vitamin B. Actually it's a great deal more. It's a craze. It's a culture. It's a political movement."
—Newsweek, 1951 [1]
One of the Federal Trade Commission's "customers" during the summer of 1950 was a Louisiana state senator named Dudley J. LeBlanc. Pausing briefly to sign a stipulation which promised to tone down his advertising claims, LeBlanc quickly turned his amazing energies to promoting the gaudiest comet to flash across the nostrum sky in the 20th century. Hadacol was, as Morris Fishbein said, the "apotheosis of nostrums." [2]
LeBlanc, during the heyday of his fame, was fond of telling inquiring reporters how it had all begun. In 1943, he said, he got a bad pain in his right big toe. The pain spread to his knees, his arms, his neck. Three different doctors gave him three different diagnoses—gout, arthritis, beriberi. Each treated him without success. While in a New Orleans hospital, he overheard his wife say: "He really is sick. I never saw Dudley so bad. I just don't know if I'll ever see him alive again." [3]
LeBlanc sought to escape from the hospital. As he hobbled out he met an old friend, another doctor, who told him he looked like "walking death." Hearing LeBlanc's symptoms, the doctor offered to cure them. So LeBlanc went with him to his office for an injection. Like magic the medication began to cure his condition. Each shot brought further improvement. LeBlanc was naturally curious. So he asked: "Doc, whazzat stuff you got in dat l'il ole bottle?"
"Dude, you crazy?" the doctor answered. "You think I give away my secrets to a man in the patent medicine business?"
Several days later the doctor was busy and told his nurse to give LeBlanc his shot.
"She wasn't so smart as him," LeBlanc later reminisced. "Nor so careful either. She left the bottle on the table. When she finished I gave her that old Southern Chivalry, you know, ,after you, Gertrude.' As soon as she turned her back I shoved the bottle in my pocket."
Taking the bottle to his hotel, LeBlanc read the label, then got some books to find out what the label meant. His injections, be found, were mostly B vitamins. "Then I figured to myself," LeBlanc said, "this is it."
It—as he shortly worked things out—proved to be an elixir of 12 per cent alcohol, plus some of the B complex vitamins, iron, calcium, and phosphorus, dilute hydrochloric acid, and honey. LeBlanc mixed the first batches in big barrels behind his Abbeville, Louisiana, barn, nearby farmers' daughters stirring it with boat oars. Everybody sampled it, and the ailing felt improved. LeBlanc put his product on the market. It took hold fast [4].
"They came in to buy Hadacol," recalled a Lafayette pharmacist, "when they didn't have money to buy food. They had holes in their shoes and they paid $3.50 for a bottle of Hadacol." [5]
"From Down on the Delta"—so ran a later advertisement—"Came the Thrilling News! First to try HADACOL . . . first to see with their own eyes how this unknown new health formula marches into the battle against the pain and suffering of disease . . . were the plain-living hard-to-convince families of Louisiana's romantic delta land, direct descendants of the famed Acadians who settled there 200 years ago. The wonderful news of HADACOL traveled fast. Along the fantastically twisted shores of the lonely bayous . . . across the sweltering sugar plantations into the tangled backwoods . . . in the picturesque settlements of Labadieville, Bayou Goula, Lafourche and Grand Conteau the French-speaking natives passed the word until the whole delta country knew about HADACOL." [6]
LeBlanc himself was a Cajun who traced his ancestry back nine generations to Acadia and France. Indeed, he was a professional Acadian, once penning a booklet about the great 18th-century migration from Nova Scotia to Louisiana, once escorting a group of Cajun girls dressed like Evangeline back to Grand Pré, stopping off at the White House to say hello to President Hoover. Born in 1895, the son of a blacksmith, LeBlanc spoke only the Cajun patois until he was almost ten. Poor but ambitious, be paid for some schooling by organizing a pants-pressing service. He served a while in World War I, then went on the road as salesman for shoes, tobacco, patent medicines. LeBlanc also launched a burial insurance company. And, playing up his Cajun heritage, he entered politics [7].
In 1926 LeBlanc beat a Huey Long-backed candidate for the post of public service commissioner for southern Louisiana, and soon he was representing two Cajun parishes in the state senate. In 1932 LeBlanc made his first race for governor, opposing a candidate hand-picked by the Kingfish from his Senate seat in Washington. (Huey, incidentally, had once served part of his apprenticeship as traveling salesman for Wine of Cardui.) The race was bitter. LeBlanc tried to outdo Long's social welfare promises, offering a $30-a-month pension to all Louisiana citizens over 60. And charges of disloyalty to the white race flew thick and fast. Huey termed Dudley's Thibodeaux Benevolent Association "a nigger burial lodge and shroud and coffin club," accusing its promoter of putting dead Negroes in expensive coffins and later transferring them to pine boxes for burial. Long also circulated pictures of LeBlanc and his Negro associates in the burial association. LeBlanc responded with pictures of Long distributing tax-bought textbooks to Negro children. At the end of this mudslinging campaign, Long's candidate beat LeBlanc handily in the primary [8].
Selling out his burial association, LeBlanc began to manufacture patent medicines: Dixie Dew Cough Syrup and Happy Day Headache Powders. Three factors brought this venture to an end. First, competition was keen and profits not suitably rewarding. Second, in 1941, the Food and Drug Administration seized some of the Powders. The mixture of aspirin, acetanilid, caffeine, milk sugar, and the laxative phenolphthalein, the libel said, was dangerous to health when used according to directions and certainly not efficacious for the long list of ailments listed in the labeling. No claimant appearing in court, the Powders were condemned and destroyed. And third, LeBlanc built a better mousetrap. As a result of his big-toe crisis, he formulated Hadacol. The name was a contraction of Happy Day Company plus the "L" for LeBlanc's own initial [9].
The senator boosted sales for his own product throughout the
Cajun country by reading testimonials in French over a radio station.
Shortly he expanded to printing testimonials in both French and
English newspaper advertising. And what testimonials they were!
"I no longer suffer from asthma," wrote a man from Iowa,
Louisiana. "Crippling rheumatism for 10 years long . . .
now I walk again," wrote a woman from St. Martinsville. "Was
suffering terribly from disease of the blood . . . now back to
work," wrote a man from New Orleans. "I do not have
heart trouble any more," wrote a woman from Port Arthur,
Texas. "This is to certify", wrote a man from Arnaudsville,
"that I . . . was. suffering from ulcers of the stomach .
. . . One doctor told me that I was suffering from cancer . .
. . I decided to be operated on and my wife persuaded me to take
HADACOL. . . . I can now eat almost everything
. . . even pork. In fact, I feel perfectly well. I work hard in
the field with no ill effect." In 1948 LeBlanc gathered up
his glowing crop of testimonials and reprinted them in a pamphlet
called Good Health Life's Greatest Blessing-replete with pictures
of the testimonial givers. In sections on anemia, arthritis, asthma,
diabetes, epilepsy, heart trouble, high and low blood pressure,
gallstones, paralytic stroke, tuberculosis, and ulcers, LeBlanc
cited his grateful customers who praised Hadacol for curing them
of these serious ailments [10].
The Hadacol bubble began to expand enormously, growing out from the romantic delta land to cover the broader South. Lafayette became a boom town, as LeBlanc tore down houses and a school to enlarge his plant. Experts at promotion were hired from major proprietary concerns in the East. And as sales grew fast, LeBlanc's advertising campaign grew faster. Toward the end of 1949, he found he owed a tremendous tax bill which be did not have the ready cash to pay. So LeBlanc told his advertising manager to wipe out the bill by plunging the whole sum in new advertising. During the last two months of the year over $300,000 carried the Hadacol message far and wide [11].
In entering the Atlanta market, for example, LeBlanc blanketed the area with newspaper ads and radio spots before he shipped any of his tonic to the city. He ran a radio contest, which required the listener to identify "Dixie," and winners were sent coupons good for a bottle of Hadacol. Going from drugstore to drugstore, recipients found no Hadacol in stock. Then LeBlanc sent in trailer trucks loaded with the medicine. His salesmen, however, would let each drugstore operator have only a single case, saying that Hadacol was in short supply, but would be available through wholesalers. Some druggists ordered from every wholesaler. In two days the Hadacol trucks were empty [12].
In 1950 Hadacol grossed at least $20 million within its sales area of 22 states, by far the largest sum spent for any proprietary in the world. And both sales and advertising were still expanding. Toward the close of the year, LeBlanc's advertising bill ran to a million dollars a month, taking in about 700 daily papers and 4,700 weeklies and 528 radio stations. For various reasons, the style of his ads became, if not less subdued than earlier in the bayous, at least more circumspect. For one thing, LeBlanc was aware that the Food and Drug Administration was observing his operations with suspicious interest. Whereas the Hadacol package labeling made no undue claims, FDA inspectors had noted what might be construed as misleading promises painted on LeBlanc's fleet of white trucks. Chief Inspector George Larrick, indeed, had notified the FDA office in New Orleans to trail a truck laden with Hadacol and, when it crossed a state line, to seize the cargo, alleging the truck slogans as mislabeling. Somehow LeBlanc became aware his truck was being followed. He phoned Larrick in Washington to report that all trucks were being repainted. For another thing, there was the FTC stipulation which LeBlanc had signed. Although the trade press commented on the mildness of this restraint, the senator had promised to stop saying that Hadacol would "restore youthful feeling and appearance," that it would ensure "good health," indeed, that it possessed any therapeutic value other than that resulting from a dietary deficiency of the ingredients it contained. So gone from LeBlanc's advertising were any references to asthma and to cancer. As far as promises went, Hadacol was now good for what ailed you, if what ailed you was what Hadacol was good for [13].
This message was, of course, more subtly phrased. One ad depicted a man laboriously climbing from a swamp over almost insurmountable boulders atop which shone a glorious sun. The boulders bore labels—fatigue, vague aches and pains, nervousness, tiredness, stomach bloat. Who among the readers had not suffered from one or another of these assorted ailments? And who would not yearn to escape such a "rocky road' through life?" Yet, in deference to the FTC, LeBlanc added to each boulder, in addition to the big-print name of its malady, a small legend reading: "When due to lack of Vitamins B,, B2, Niacin and Iron." [14]
If heart trouble and epilepsy were gone from printed testimonials, tributes of gratitude involving lesser ailments still formed the backbone of Hadacol advertising. Hundreds of men, women, and children lauded the tonic from the pages of the press and over the airwaves. A septuagenarian minister who could neither eat with comfort nor sleep with ease noted "a wonderful change" before he had taken half a bottle. A lad of 13 who lacked energy even to ride his bicycle took Hadacol and became center on his football team. A rundown housewife who couldn't keep up with her housework began with the first bottle to regain her pep, and 15 bottles later was going strong. Names and addresses and photographs of these satisfied customers—most of them smiling buoyantly—accompanied their testimony. LeBlanc had aides who went out to follow up the letters that came pouring in. These letters came not from men and women of distinction, but from America's millions whose names seldom appeared in newspaper headlines. They worked on railroads, in retail stores, in pottery factories. Some were veterans of military service. Now and then a writer held local governmental responsibility, like the post of chairman of a county parole board. The reader who perused the testimonials found them penned by humble people like his neighbors and himself. If he was of religious bent, be might be pleased to note the devout praise of Hadacol. from a clergyman. If he was awed by the health professions, he might find persuasive commendations from an apprenticed pharmacist and a nurse. If he held education in esteem, the happy Hadacol experience of college students might seem impressive [15].
As he refurbished the testimonial, so too did LeBlanc exploit other stock techniques of the old-time nostrum vendor. He boastfully cited for all to read the statistics of Hadacol sales. Twenty million bottles in ten months. Twenty-seven million bottles in a year. Three great new factories. An endless caravan of white Hadacol-distributing trucks, each emblazoned "For a Better Tomorrow." Admitting his own amazement at a success outreaching his "wildest dreams," LeBlanc let his reader draw the inevitable conclusion: so many millions can't be wrong. But should a potential customer still remain skeptical, LeBlanc was willing to let him be the final judge. "You have to be satisfied," his ads assured; if you should find that Hadacol fails to help, take comfort in the fact that LeBlanc "will gladly send back your money." So had promised the maker of Dr. William Judkin's Patent Specific Ointment in 1826 [16].
LeBlanc also resurrected the old-time medicine show and built it to gargantuan proportions. In the summer of 1950 a caravan of 130 vehicles, including steam calliopes, toured 3,800 miles through the South, LeBlanc's medicine troupe playing one-night stands in 18 cities. Heavy advertising heralded the show's approach, and each night, on the average, 10,000 fans brought their Hadacol box tops as admission fees to bear a Dixieland band play "Hadacol Boogie" and "Who Put the Pep in Grandma?," to watch Chicago chorus girls illustrate the history of the female bathing suit, and to observe the antics of such big-name performers as Connie Boswell, Carmen Miranda, Roy Acuff, Minnie Pearl, Mickey Rooney, Chico Marx, George Burns, and Gracie Allen. LeBlanc himself served as master of ceremonies, posing with his show girls, joshing with his customers, and lauding in stentorian tones the virtues of the South [17].
"I spent a cool half million for talent and stuff on this tour," LeBlanc boasted, "but I sold more than three million bucks' worth of Hadacol along the way." He also showed to tens of thousands of his fellow Southerners the brash, earthy, self-confident extrovert who made the Hadacol. they paid for. A short, round man, wearing rimless glasses, a Texas hat, and black-and-white shoes, LeBlanc's bragging and chuckling and gaudy showmanship turned him into a celebrity, and this sold medicine. Those who saw the shows and read of LeBlanc's antics in the press knew him to be a man of humble origin, like themselves, who, in the great American tradition, had climbed the ladder of financial success by the exercise of native shrewdness [18].
The senator followed up his Southern tour with an assault on the West Coast citadel of show business. Bolstered by Groucho Marx and Judy Garland, LeBlanc wound up his gigantic carnival with a month's stand in Los Angeles. All this was calculated to open up the Western market [19].
The next summer LeBlanc began again with an even bigger show, traveling in a 17-car special train. Clowns kept the assembling crowds happy, taking long drinks from bottles of Hadacol, which lit up their false eyes and noses. Cesar Romero ran the performers through their paces, and—was something for almost everyone—a beauty contest for hometown talent, pony and bicycle prizes for the kids, both a sweet band and Dixieland, dancing girls, tumblers, comedians, songs from Carmen Miranda and Minnie Pearl, a midget and a man over nine feet tall ("before" and "after" taking Hadacol). Even Jack Dempsey took the stage, making a pitch for war bonds [20].
What the youngsters, hoping to win a pony, thought of the Hadacol jokes that kept cropping up would be hard to guess. These tall and raw tales all aimed in one therapeutic direction—to imply that Hadacol. possessed great merits as an aphrodisiac and as a sustainer and restorer of both male and female potency. Even before the shows, this legend had begun to spread across the South. Any and all old jokes, decent and indecent, which related to sexual prowess were dug up and revamped with the Hadacol label. The senator told them himself. It was reported that he had hired gagsters to accelerate the process. At any rate, Hadacol humor became a national sensation, approaching the epidemic proportions of jokes about the Model T or WPA. This triumph of folk culture, whatever his role in creating it, LeBlanc could not but welcome. In none of his printed advertising could Hadacol's claims rival its miraculous properties as circulated by word of mouth. And the FTC could not interfere. Potency appeal may well have provided a bigger market for Hadacol than the dread diseases of the abandoned testimonials [21].
Another kind of "potency" concerning Hadacol also became the subject of widespread talk. Could the popularity of the tonic be due in some measure to the 12 per cent of alcohol that it contained? Was Hadacol a descendant of the long line of "boozers" and "bracers" with which patent medicine history was replete? LeBlanc laughingly brushed this possibility aside. Himself a devotee of Old Forester, he could not see anyone's using Hadacol as a drink. It was just about as alcoholic as wine, and any drugstore had on its shelves a number of patent tonics of higher proof. Hadacol's label asserted that the alcohol was present "as a Preservative." It was hard to imagine a customer feeling the slightest titillation if he used Hadacol according to directions, spreading an ounce of alcohol over 16 doses taken during a period of four days [22].
Nonetheless there was evidence that upon ossasion the label directions were honored in the breach. In some areas of the South, dry by local option, druggists sold Hadacol by the shot. In certain Midwestern communities, where minors were forbidden to purchase liquor, Hadacol flowed freely at parties of the high school set. "Teen-agers," the executive of an Illinois village asserted, "can get plastered on Hadacol." [23]
Insofar as it was used as a beverage, Hadacol must have been a drink of desperation. It was not cheap: depending on whether one bought the eight-ounce $1.25 bottle or the 24-ounce $3.50 "family economy size" jug, the "recommended adult daily intake" cost 31 or 29 cents, and the faithful disciple would spend over $100 a year. Wine, as LeBlanc was fond of pointing out, cost less. And Hadacol was not palatable in any usual sense. LeBlanc, who knew that the common citizen expected his medicine to taste somewhat nasty, thought Hadacol tasted like "dirt." "It contained vitamins," he explained, "and they come from dirt and that's how it tasted." Other samplers variously described the flavor as "musty," "metallic," "fishy," as similar to "weak iodine," "bilge water," "emasculated wine." The odor of the murky brown brew called forth remembrance of liniments and horse medicine. Indeed, one would suppose after a gingerly experimental sip, that inveterate users conditioned themselves to the flavor not for the sake of pleasure but from the sternest sense of duty [24].
Despite LeBlanc's disclaimer and the handicaps of price and flavor, some steps were taken to treat the tonic as a liquor. The suburban village of Northbrook, near Chicago, banned the sale of Hadacol by any retail outlets except licensed liquor stores. An ordinance to the same effect, proposed in the Atlanta city council, brought Roland LeBlanc, Hadacol's chief chemist, to oppose the resolution. The committee, according to the minutes, "assured Mr. LeBlanc that the co-authors of the proposed resolution were not serious in their intent when they presented the ordinance." It did not become law, of course. More in earnest was the House of the Illinois General Assembly, which did pass a resolution entreating LeBlanc, in view of the alcohol in his product, to stop using testimonials of children. Citation of letters like that from the mother asserting that her daughters, aged two and three, "indulge in an occasional nip for their stomach's sake," the legislators decided, was advertising "of doubtful propriety." [25]
If some governmental figures regarded Hadacol with skepticism, the same was more markedly true of members of the medical profession. This must have disappointed LeBlanc, for he strove diligently to win the approval of doctors just as he sought in his advertising to convey the impression that Hadacol possessed the sanction of orthodox medicine. The phrase kept reappearing, "HADACOL is recommended by many doctors." LeBlanc explained that all efforts at "improving" his tonic were undertaken under the control of a medical director, Dr. L.A. Willey, who supervised the "clinical" activity of "20 other medical experts throughout the country." [26]
By means of letters bearing Willey's facsimile signature, LeBlanc appealed to physicians in many areas to give consideration to Hadacol as an "ethical proprietary." He would gladly send samples. "We cordially invite you," his research director wrote, "to conduct clinical tests, among a group of your own patients, With HADACOL ... on a fee basis per patient." [27]
If LeBlanc won any recruits from the ranks of physicians by his stratagem, the doctors enlisted against the counsel of the American Medical Association. "It is to be hoped," reported the AMA's Bureau of Investigation in the pages of the Journal, "that no doctors of medicine will be uncritical enough to join in the promotion of Hadacol as an ethical preparation. It is difficult to imagine how one could do himself or his profession greater harm, from the standpoint of the abuse of the trust of a patient suffering from any condition. Hadacol is not specific medication. It is not even a specific preventive measure. It could not be eligible for serious consideration by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry." [28]
The Bureau of Investigation had other stern things to say. The only L.A. Willey for whom a record could be found was a man who had been convicted in California of calling himself a doctor though he had no medical degree and of practicing medicine though he had no license. As to the dangers of Hadacol, the Bureau had in its files a letter from an Arkansas doctor, telling of a diabetic patient who gave up insulin to treat herself with Hadacol; she immediately went into a diabetic coma and almost died. As to Hadacol's therapeutic merits, the Bureau made the significant statement, "Although Hadacol has been advertised to the laity as being a more assimilable form of administration for the vitamins, neither the U.S. Pharmacopeia nor the Council [on Pharmacy and Chemistry] recognizes alcoholic elixirs containing these substances as a dosage form."
What then was Hadacol good for? One answer was that which occurred to LeBlanc himself when the question was put to him by Groucho Marx on television. Hadacol, replied its maker smilingly, "was good for five and a half million for me last year." [29]
So, into 1951, the Hadacol bandwagon rolled on. There seemed no bottom to LeBlanes promotional bag of tricks. He circulated Captain Hadacol comic books loaded with advertising. He lured children into salesmanship with such prizes as luminescent T-shirts. He sponsored theater parties, admission by box top. He installed in railroad terminals three-dimensional displays of healthy, well-molded maidens beside the familiar Hadacol package. He let it be widely known he was looking for a parrot who could repeat clearly and often "Polly wants Hadacol." When found, Polly would travel about the country to drugstores and sales conventions in a limousine bearing her name in gold [30].
As sales mounted and LeBlanc's fame spread, the senator looked covetously again at the Louisiana governorship. Some of his advertising, perhaps, had been subtly aimed in that direction all along. Once again following in the tradition of his predecessors, LeBlanc presented himself to the nation as a great humanitarian. In his advertising ventures, he exploited both his own colorful personality and his political career. LeBlanc the man, LeBlanc the humanitarian, and LeBlanc the statesman stood before the public as a mighty three-in-one. "Senator" was invariably prefixed to LeBlanc's name in Hadacol. promotion. His legislative achievements were included in the advertising record to validate his claim to the title "Humanitarian Statesman, and Great Friend of the People." He had .always championed the cause of the oppressed, the poor and the underprivileged." He was, he said, "the first candidate for governor to advocate Old Age Pensions." He claimed credit for the $50 monthly pension then being paid to "the deserving senior citizens of Louisiana." He was a proponent of legislation for veterans and "successfully enacted into law a measure providing for the selection of a service commissioner to ensure justice for Louisiana veterans from the state and national governments. Moreover, "during his entire political career, he . . . never cast a ballot or vote against a man or woman who must toil to earn his or her livelihood." [31]
How was LeBlanc's humanitarian statesmanship related to Hadacol? It was "because his heart has always beat in sympathy with the cause of the oppressed, the infirm, the lame and the sickly, [that] through endless effort and study he has developed today's great HADACOL, one more addition to his long record of service to humanity." [32]
Other incidents reveal LeBlanc's shrewdness in associating with his remedy the forces of political power and prestige. When General Douglas MacArthur was called home from Korea and his name was dominating headlines, LeBlanc reaped headlines of his own by offering MacArthur a Hadacol vice-presidency. Earlier LeBlanc, even though a Southerner, reached back into history and came up with Abraham Lincoln. A large ad presented the faces of both Lincoln and LeBlanc, with quotations from them both. The Lincoln citation, it happens, was a garbled version of the statement which historians have not been able to establish that Lincoln ever made, the one about fooling the people. After the quotation there followed this line: "'You were right, Mr. Lincoln,' says Senator Dudley J. LeBlanc." [33]
LeBlanc forged yet one more link between patent medicine and politics. On his grand excursions through the South, he had himself photographed in animated conversation with other political figures. An issue of Look carried pictures of the Louisiana state senator conferring separately with the mayor of Baton Rouge, the mayor of New Orleans, and the governor of Alabama. "Senator," Governor "Kissin' Jim" Folsom was saying, "that sure is some medicine business you got." [34]
To LeBlanc, then, politics and patent medicines were a reversible reaction. He used his political career to promote Hadacol; be also used Hadacol to promote his political career. Defeated twice for the Louisiana governorship by Long machines, LeBlanc looked toward another try against another Long machine in 1952. The senator's friends worked hard at building up draft-Dudley sentiment, and after some pretense of coyness LeBlanc yielded. Spreading the gospel through his advertising that he was "the best friend the poor people ever had," LeBlanc also insisted he would be good for business. The state's greatest need, be said, was a sure-fire promoter to persuade the outside world, skeptical of Longism, that Louisiana was a pretty fine place for industrial investment. And what better promoter than the millionaire state senator? LeBlanc, a shrewd observer noted, was "widely respected as a money maker, a man who built something out of nothing," and at the same time was regarded as "a slightly comic figure, which doesn't hurt him here." Commentators began to predict that LeBlanc had a chance to win. The Longs got worried. They determined to fight fire with fire. They started a patent medicine of their own [35].
It's a pity, in a way, that the campaign could not have been fought out in this pseudo-medical atmosphere, between Hadacol and Vita-Long, up to the day of the voting. But in midstream LeBlanc sold his horse. The senator had claimed shortly before that Hadacol sales might reach $75 million for 1951. He was in the midst of his second fabulous summer medicine show tour. So his announcement, in August, that he had let Hadacol go took the nation by surprise. It soon became known that the price was $8 million, of which a quarter million was in cash, the rest to be paid from profits through the years, and LeBlanc was to stay on as sales manager at an annual salary of $100,000. The buyer was the Tobey-Maltz Foundation of New York, organized for cancer research by a plastic surgeon, which quickly leased the tonic to a syndicate of Northern businessmen [36].
Within a very short time the Yankee purchasers let it be known they had been stung. Hadacol's books were not what they had seemed to be to the New York accountants who had examined them before the sale. LeBlanc, the new owners charged, had concealed two million dollars in unpaid bills, and more than another two million, listed as assets under "accounts receivable," was really Hadacol out on consignment, a great deal of which was flowing back. The whole enterprise had become vastly overextended. Even while the senator had continued his flamboyant drumbeating, the market had passed the saturation point. The new owners went into bankruptcy; the creditors organized. LeBlanc had shrewdly wriggled out just in the nick of time. "If you sell a cow," he told the press, and the cow dies, you can't do anything to a man for that." [37]
But the senator had other troubles. The FTC, believing his latter-day advertising had violated his earlier stipulation, issued a complaint. The Bureau of Internal Revenue charged him with owing some $650,000 in income taxes. And, despite the glee Louisiana voters took in the trick he had pulled on Yankee city slickers, the bursting Hadacol bubble killed his gubernatorial hopes. LeBlanc sought to secure the post of lieutenant-governor on the ticket of several of his rivals and, failing, campaigned manfully for governor until the end. When the votes were counted, Cousin Dud wound up in seventh place [38].
The Hadacol trade name lived on but never recouped an iota of its erstwhile fame. LeBlanc himself sought to carry on. After a time, indeed, he launched a new tonic, and Kary-On was its name. But it did not carry the senator either to his former fortunes or to the governorship [39].
Hadacol. in its heyday, however, and its colorful promoter,
penetrated Southern folklore, and the myth of both is still widely
remembered with a certain amused fondness. The millions needlessly
expended, or spent for Hadacol instead of proper medical care,
tend to be forgotten.
- 37 (Apr. 16, 1951), 32.
- In the Matter Of The LeBlanc Corporation a corporation, and Dudley J. LeBlanc, an individual, Stipulation 8634, Aug. 17, 1950, FTC; Fishbein, "Hadacol—Apotheosis of Nostrums," Postgraduate Medicine, 9 (Feb. 1951), 175-77.
- The story exists in a number of versions containing some contradictions in details. This account is a composite taken from Norma Lee Browning's Chicago Tribune series, Feb. 18, 19, 20, 1951; Newsweek, 37 (Apr. 16, 1951), 32-33; Maynard Stitt, "Cousin Dud's Hadacol," Amer. Mercury, 73 (Sep. 1951), 7-15.
- Hadacol bottle label; Chicago Tribune, Feb. 18, 1951.
- Clayton Kirkpatrick in ibid., Nov. 5, 1951.
- New Orleans Item, Oct. 14, 1948.
- LeBlanc, The True Story of the Acadians (n.p., 1932); on p. 90 is a photograph of the Louisiana party and President and Mrs. Hoover. Biographical data in souvenir program for 1951 Hadacol Caravan Show; Chicago Tribune, Feb. 18, 19, 20, 1951; Stitt, "Cousin Dud's Hadacol," 7-15; David Nevin, "The Brass-Band Pitchman and His Million-Dollar Elixir," True, Mar. 1962, 16-28, 114.
- Allan P. Sindler, Huey Long's Louisiana: State Politics, 1920-1952 (Baltimore, 1956), 51, 76-78; Huey Long as salesman, Standard Remedies, 21 (July 1935), 14.
- Chicago Tribune, Feb. 18, 1951; Newsweek, 37 (Apr. 16, 1951), 33; DDNJ 434 (the seizure took place Mar. 21, 1941).
- Interview with Wallace F. Janssen of FDA, June 19, 1956; New Orleans Item, Oct. 14, 1948; Atlanta Constitution, Sep. 21, 1948; Baton Rouge Advocate, Apr. 11, 1945; the Hadacol folder in the AMA's Dept. of Investigation contains a copy of Good Health Life's Greatest Blessing,
- Chicago Tribune, Nov. 5, 1951; FDC Reports, Oct. 6, 1951; Stitt, "Cousin Dud's Hadacol," 7-15.
- Nevin, "The Brass-Band Pitchman," 24.
- Business Week, Jan. 6, 1951, 72; PI, 232 (Sep. 1, 1950), 77; interview with George Larrick, Aug. 4, 1965; FTC stipulation 8034. Drug Trade News, 29 (Aug. 30, 1956), 6, gave Hadacol's 1950 gross as $24,000,000.
- Atlanta Journal, Apr. 12, 1951.
- Ibid., Mar. 13 and Apr. 24, 1951; Emory (Univ.) Wheel, Mar. 27, 1951; Chicago Tribune, Mar. 13, 1951; Nevin, "The Brass-Band Pitchman," 26.
- Atlanta Journal, Nov. 11, 1950, Mar. 13, 1951.
- Time, 55 (June 19, 1950), 81-82; R. Raynolds and T. G. Harris, "Yahoo Hadacol!," Life, 29 (Sep. 18, 1950), 23-24 passim; Joseph Roddy, "Million-Dollar Medicine Man," Look, 14 (Dec. 5, 1950), 34-43.
- Ibid.
- Time, 57 (Jan. 22, 1951), 60, 62; Newsweek, 37 (Apr. 16, 1951), 32-33; Los Angeles Times, Jan. 16, 1951.
- Atlanta Journal, Aug. 12, 1951; Atlanta Constitution, Aug. 24, 1951; Hadacol Caravan Show souvenir program. The author attended the Atlanta show, Aug. 23, 1951.
- Ibid.; Stitt, "Cousin Dud's Hadacol," 13; Nevin, "The Brass-Band Pitchman," 26; Herbert Halpert, "Hadacol. Stories," Kentucky Folklore Record, 2 (Jan.-Mar. 1956), 13-14.
- Chicago Tribune, Mar. 28, 1951; Stitt, "Cousin Dud's Hadacol," 12-13; Newsweek, 37 (Apr. 16, 1951), 32.
- Ibid.; Chicago Tribune, Mar. 15 and 28, 1951.
- Nevin, "The Brass-Band Pitchman," 26; friends of the author are responsible for the descriptions.
- Chicago Tribune, Mar. 28, 1951; Police Committee of Atlanta Council minutes, Apr. 11, 1951, cited in letter to author from H. T. Jenkins, Chief of Police, May 11, 1951; Chicago Tribune, Mar. 14, 1951; JAMA, 146 (June 9, 1951), 566; Atlanta Journal, Mar. 29, 1951.
- New Orleans Item, Dec. 17, 1950; "Hadacol-the Ethical(?) Proprietary," JAMA, 145 (Jan. 13, 1951), 107-108.
- Ibid.; copy of Willey letter, Nov. 6, 1950, in Hadaeol folder in the AMA's Dept. of Investigation.
- JAMA, 145 (Jan. 13, 1951), 107-108.
- Martin Gardner, In the Name of Science, 229.
- Business Week, Jan. 6, 1951, 76; Chicago Tribune, Oct. 1, 1950, Feb. 19, 1951; the railroad station display was seen in Cincinnati.
- Atlanta Journal, Mar. 13, 1951.
- Ibid.
- Chicago Tribune, Apr. 16, 1951; Atlanta Journal, Nov. 11, 1950. The same fooling-the-people quotation had been used 50 years before to promote Hale's Honey of Horehound and Tar for the Cure of Coughs and Colds. Amer. Messenger, 58 (Mar. 1900), 47.
- Roddy, "Million-Dollar Medicine Man," 34-43.
- Sindler, Huey Long's Louisiana, 186, 234-35; Perry H. Howard, Political Tendencies in Louisiana, 1812-1952 (Baton Rouge, 1957), 163; T. Harry Williams to author, May 6, 1951. The Food and Drug Administration eventually brought a seizure action against Vita-Long, which was uncontested. DDNJ 3811.
- Business Week, Jan. 6, 1951, 72, 74; N.Y. Times, Aug. 28 and 31, 1951.
- Chicago Tribune, Sep. 21 and Nov. 5, 1951; N.Y. Times, Sep. Z7 and Oct. 4, 1951; FDC Reports, Oct. 6, 1951. The financial aftermath of the Hadacol crash dragged on for nearly a decade. Chicago Daily News, May 6, 1960; Chicago Tribune, May 7, 1960.
- Complaint, Sep. 28, 1951, in FTC Docket 5925 (this was eventually dismissed on the grounds that LeBlanc no longer had a voice in the control of the business, 50 FTC Decisions 1028); N.Y. Times, Sep. 21, 1951; Sindler, Huey Long's Louisiana, 234-35, 238.
- Several efforts were made to revive Hadacol sales. FTC Docket 5925; PI, 248 (Nov. 19, 1954), 108; FDC Reports, Dec. 24, 1962; Drug Trade News, Aug. 15, 1966. On Kary-On: FDC Reports, Feb. 20, 1954; May 23 and July 18, 1955; Jan. 23, 1956; 52 FTC Decisions 607; Newsweek, 55 (Feb. 22, 1960), 84.
This page was posted on January 5, 2002.


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Lewis Carroll#50 on top 500 poets
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You Are Old Father William
"You are old, father William," the young man said,
"And your hair has become very white;
And yet you incessantly stand on your head --
Do you think, at your age, it is right?
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Things we love: "(500) Days of Summer," downtown LA, Google Maps, s'mores.
The LA Times has managed to combine three of those things into a nice treat for film lovers.
Despite s'mores not being involved, we're smitten with the newspaper's latest Google map charting the architecture from "(500) Days of Summer."
The Times points out the movie omits some LA classics: Frank Gehry, Thom Mayne, Rafael Moneo. That's OK. We're still fans.
Google Maps: "Los Angeles in (500) days of Summer"
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