text:
7Up with antioxidants to be discontinued amid health claims lawsuit
Fans of 7Up with antioxidants may want to stock up. Amid a lawsuit filed by a consumer group arguing the drinks' antioxidant claims are misleading and illegal, Dr Pepper Snapple Group said Thursday the antioxidant line will be off the market by 2013.
The Plano, Texas company however said the decision has nothing to do with the lawsuit, for consistency across its brands.
Dr Pepper Snapple Group commented about the decision after the Center for Science in the Public Interest on Thursday filed a lawsuit saying the drink's claims are misleading because they give the impression that the antioxidants come from fruits pictured on the label, when in reality they came from added vitamin E. The CSPI, which advocates for food safety and nutrition, also argued that the Food and Drug Administration prohibits companies from fortifying candies and soft drinks with nutrients.
The lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court in California on behalf of a California man who bought the drinks but says he didn't know the antioxidants didn't come from juices.
"Non-diet varieties of 7UP, like other sugary drinks, promote obesity, diabetes, tooth decay, and other serious health problems, and no amount of antioxidants could begin to reduce those risks," CSPI executive director Michael F. Jacobson said in a written statement. "Adding an antioxidant to a soda is like adding menthol to a cigarette -- neither does anything to make an unhealthy product healthy."
7Up Cherry Antioxidant, Mixed Berry Antioxidant, and Pomegranate Antioxidant were launched in 2009. Despite the pictures of cherries, blackberries, cranberries, raspberries and pomegranates on various 7Up labels, the drinks do not contain any fruit or juice.
Although there are many packaged foods that tout antioxidants, Jacobson said this was a particularly egregious example because regulations prohibit companies from fortifying junk foods.
Even if added antioxidants provided any benefit, Jacobson noted that people "shouldn't be getting them from a soda."
In a statement issued Thursday, Dr Pepper said its 7Up Cherry is a "cherry-flavored soda that does not contain juice ... and it says so right on the label." The company says it had decided to reformulate the 7Up drinks in 2011 and had met with the Center for Science in the Public Interest over the matter this summer.
The FDA did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
It's not the first time a soft drink maker has run into trouble for nutritional claims.
In 2007, the CSPI dropped a planned lawsuit against Cadbury-Schweppes (which later became a part of the Dr Pepper Snapple Group) when it stopped marketing 7Up as "all natural."
In 2008, the FDA sent The Coca-Cola Co. a warning letter for placing inappropriate nutritional claims on its Diet Coke Plus soft drink. The agency had objected to the product's labeling, which described the drink as "Diet Coke with Vitamins and Minerals." The FDA said at the time that it is inappropriate to add extra nutrients to "snack foods such as carbonated beverages."
A Coca-Cola representative said the drink was taken off the market in 2010 because it wasn't performing well.
In 2009 the CSPI also sued Coca-Cola for what it said were deceptive claims about its Vitaminwater. The group said Coca-Cola was selling what it said is basically sugar water by claiming it has vitamins that boost immunity and reduce the risk of disease. That case is still pending, according to Steve Gardner, litigation director for the center.
In 2010, the FDA warned the makers of Canada Dry ginger ale and Lipton tea (Dr. Pepper Snapple Group and Unilever ) over unsubstantiated nutrition claims.


text:
Products & Galleries
- Screen Porches
- Sunrooms
- Pergolas
- Decks
- Enclosures
- Patio Covers
- Express Porch Panels
- Retractable Awnings
- Adjustable Patio Covers
- Pavers
- Windows
- LifeRoom
- Underdecking
- Services
- Warranty
- Galleries
In one word: quality. We hired Express Sunrooms to install a backyard patio and cabana sitting area. The shape of the house, however, made...
We love our new sunroom. It is beautiful! Opening the wall into the house was a great design suggestion. We have received numerous compliments...
Eric was chosen for my project because he presented himself very professionally. It was evident I was dealing with a company that is dedicated...
Thanks for the great job on the new screen room. The custom fit compliments the existing area on the front porch well. All of...
© 2020 ExpressSunrooms.All rights reserved.
Each Express Sunrooms location is independently owned and operated. All products
on this website are not available in all locations. Contact your local dealer for details.
Fill Out the
Form Below

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It's a morning to unreservedly celebrate Justin Tucker, because how often do we get the chance? How rarely is the kicker the one proudly jogging off the field with his helmet held high? Tucker—who appears to have wrestled the "Legatron" nickname away from Greg Zuerlein—accounted for all of the Ravens' points, including a 61-yarder with 38 seconds remaining to keep Baltimore in the playoff picture.
The Ravens' offense couldn't find the end zone, and that's concerning, but the worry can wait until our field goal intoxication subsides. With kicks good from (in order) 29, 24, 32, 49, 53, and 61, the 24-year-old Tucker has announced himself as perhaps the NFL's best. He's now made 33 straight dating back to Week 2, the longest current streak in the league. That's the sort of track record that makes a coach do crazy things—like run the ball on 3rd and 10 from the 45 to gain a couple extra yards for a game-winning kick.
Tucker said as soon as the Ravens crossed midfield, he sidled over to John Harbaugh and made sure to be in his line of sight. He had hit the crossbar from 70 in warmups, and "wanted [Harbaugh] to know, just by looking at me, that he shouldn't have any reservations about sending me out there."
Harbaugh said Tucker basically made the choice for him:
"He told me when we got the ball, I think at the 45-yard line, I said, 'hey, are we kicking this?' or should I go for it on fourth-and-10? And he said, "I got it." He kind of ordered me to kick it. So we got him two more yards."
Here's what it looked like from the stands. Anticipation, denial, dejection:
And the view from a Ravens fan's seat, complete with disbelieving Lions fan reactions:
How about a little historical perspective?
- Tucker made field goals from 20-something, 30-something, 40-something, 50-something, and 60-something, an NFL record that may someday be equaled, but will almost certainly never be surpassed.
- His 61-yarder is the longest FG in Ravens history, and his six are a team record.
- His winner tied for the longest field goal ever in a domed stadium.
- His was the third-longest go-ahead field goal in the last minute of a game in the history of the sport. Ahead of him are Matt Bryant's 62-yarder to beat the Eagles in 2006, and Tom Dempsey's 63-yarder in 1970—which also came against Detroit.
The victory means that if the Ravens win out, they'll be in the playoffs. But after the game, Tucker acknowledged that his night might have been just as big for fantasy teams around the country. His 23 points in standard scoring no doubt swung many a semifinal match-up (like that of NFL.com writer Mike Silver's son, who came into the night trailing by 22), and the highest-scoring fantasy kicker over the whole of the season gave a shout-out to all his owners.
"I'm glad I could come through, of course, for my reality team as well as for my fantasy owners. Thank you for picking me up, it means a lot to me. And hopefully I can continue to contribute to the successes of your respective teams."
Amazing. We are through the looking glass, where a professional athlete refers to his team as his "reality team" to differentiate it from fantasy, and a kicker is a conquering hero. It's no one's platonic ideal of football, but for one game we'll happily take the odd over the orthodox.


text:
Seoul, South Korea — A bombing that killed three South Koreans and an Egyptian driver on the Sinai Peninsula targeted a bus filled with Korean Christians who had saved for years to visit Biblical sites on their church's 60th anniversary, officials said Monday.
The bus was carrying 33 South Koreans, an Egyptian guide and an Egyptian driver, said a woman working in South Korea's Foreign Ministry press office. She spoke on condition of anonymity because office rules prevented her from giving her name to reporters. One church member, two South Korean guides and the Egyptian driver died and 14 were injured, according to government and church officials and media reports.
The bus was carrying 31 parishioners from Jincheon Jungang Presbyterian Church, which is south of Seoul, and was attempting to travel from Egypt into Israel, Choe Gyu-seob, a curate at the church, told reporters. He said the church had been saving money for a long time to commemorate the 60th anniversary of its founding with a trip to Biblical sites. According to an itinerary provided to local media by the church, the sightseers left South Korea last Monday and were to visit Turkey, Egypt and Israel over 12 days.
"My mother was a devout Christian," the dead church member's daughter, surnamed Yoon, was quoted as saying by South Korea's Yonhap news agency. "I don't know how such a thing could happen. I don't know how to react to this."
Other church members cried as they sat in a car in front of the church on Monday.
"We never imagined such a thing could happen. We are shocked and miserable," a male parishioner in his fifties said in a phone interview with The Associated Press. The parishioner declined to give his name, saying the church has told its approximately 800 members not to speak to news media about the attack.
On Sunday, the bus had gone to an ancient monastery in Sinai and was about to enter Israel from the border town of Taba, Egyptian security officials said.
No one has claimed responsibility for the blast, which bore the hallmarks of attacks blamed on al-Qaida-linked militant groups that have been battling government forces in Sinai's restive north for years.
Nearly 30 percent of South Koreans are Christian, and many are active in overseas mission work, with more than 25,000 missionaries dispatched to 169 countries, according to the Korea World Missions Association's 2013 report.
That mission work came in for sharp criticism in 2007 when a group of 23 South Korean Christians was taken hostage by the Taliban in Afghanistan. Two male hostages were killed during a standoff, while the rest were eventually released. The church that sent its parishioners to Afghanistan has insisted that the trip was only to provide humanitarian aid and not to perform mission work.
Sunday's bombing was the first attack against tourists in Sinai's southern region since a spasm of bloodshed in 2004-6 that killed about 120 people.


text:
- High Quality Design
- Images are Smart Objects
- Easy editable text
- CMYK @ 300 DPI – Print-ready.
- Perfectly Aligned
- Organised layers and grouped
- 0.25 inch Bleed Area and Guideline
- Help file included
All the elements of these flyers are included. What you see is what you get!
If you have some questions, please contact me through my profile page.
If you like this file please rate it, thank you.


text:
Welcome to the monthly meeting of the io9 Book Club. In January, we read Gun Machine, the second novel from comic book writer Warren Ellis. Jump into comments to get started talking about it!
For those unfamiliar with the io9 book club, here's how it works: You read the book. We create a special book club post on io9 when the meeting is in session. That would be the post you're reading right now. Then everybody talks about the book in comments for a few days, starting right now.
Ellis will stop by on Monday 2/11 talk with us about the book. I'll post a call for questions for him on Friday.
So, what did you think of Gun Machine?
Want to get a head start on our next book?
This month, we'll be reading Karen Lord's brand-new novel The Best of All Possible Worlds, which you'll be able to get when it comes out on Feb. 12 (I'll post a reminder on that date). Yes, that means you have a little less time to read the book, but it's a fast ride so we know you can do it. We'll meet on March 5 to discuss it — and we hope to have Lord join us later that week for a discussion


text:
Sioux or Dakota, confederation of Native North American tribes, the dominant group of the Hokan-Siouan linguistic stock, which is divided into several separate branches (see Native American languages). The Sioux, or Dakota, consisted of seven tribes in three major divisions: Wahpekute, Mdewakantonwan, Wahpetonwan, Sisitonwan (who together formed the Santee or Eastern division, sometimes referred to as the Dakota), the Ihanktonwan, or Yankton, and the Ihanktonwana, or Yanktonai (who form the Middle division, sometimes referred to as the Nakota), and the Titonwan, or Teton (who form the Western division, sometimes referred to as the Lakota). The Tetons, originally a single band, divided into seven sub-bands after the move to the plains, these seven including the Hunkpapa, Sihasapa (or Blackfoot), and Oglala.
Sections in this article:
- Introduction
- Migration toward the Southwest
- The Sioux Today
- Relations with White Settlers
- Bibliography
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: North American indigenous peoples


text:
Corporate actors are now playing an important role in international development and contributing new ideas to development aid.
UNU-WIDER / Nov 2013
Strong economic growth has not turned into poverty reduction in Mozambique due to stagnation in job creation.
UNU-WIDER / Nov 2013
Official development assistance to women's equality organizations and institutions is effective in increasing women's political empowerment.
UNU-WIDER / Nov 2013
When intervening, international actors should we wary of undermining state capacity by disincentivizing national leaders from investing in institutions that provide public goods.
UNU-WIDER / Oct 2013
Forest degradation remains a leading environmental problem, given the scale of forest loss and the crucial role of forests to both climate change mitigation and adaptation.
UNU-WIDER / Oct 2013
Development of green cities is one way to help address problems associated with climate change.
UNU-WIDER / Oct 2013
Popular now
Decentralization in South Africa: the role of politics
Delivering aid through religious organizations
The development process - escaping the capability trap


text:
We don't know…
how to file a subpoena, design an air conditioning system, or safely land a jet.
Our customers do amazing things. Our job is to make technology work for them.
Some technology vendors would like you to believe that the knowledge they have about computers and networks makes them very, very special. We don't understand this approach. The way we look at it, you're good at some things, and we're good at other things, and that means we should be friends.
When you're looking for an IT managed service provider, it's worth considering the tools and methods that they use (we are definitely proud of ours) but make sure you also meet some of the people who will be supporting you. We think you will find our technical competence and lack of arrogance refreshing.
We help people support, acquire and defend technology. That's the thing that we're good at, but it's not the reason why we're good at it. It's not the blinking lights and SQL queries that drive us. The reason why we get out of bed in the morning? It's you. We hope it shows. Thanks for visiting our website. Let us know if we can help.
At Bright Bear we use technology to move information to help people.


text:
Cervical Insufficiency
An "insufficient" cervix is a weakened cervix that predisposes a woman to mid-term miscarriage or early (premature) delivery. This has also been called cervical incompetence.
The cervix is the narrow point at the base of the uterus. In a healthy pregnancy, the cervix begins to dilate or open at the very end of pregnancy, before labor begins. When the cervix has been weakened, it may open too early in the pregnancy, threatening miscarriage or early (premature) delivery.
Miscarriages that result from an insufficient cervix generally occur four months into the pregnancy or later. About 25% of miscarriages that occur after the 14th week of pregnancy are attributed to cervical insufficiency.
The exact cause of an insufficient or weakened cervix is unknown. It is sometimes associated with a previous traumatic birth (during which the cervix was torn), a cone biopsy, pregnancy with multiple gestations (twins, triplets), or repeated late-term abortion. It is also associated with an abnormally developed cervix.
How Do I Know I Have It?
If you have a history of miscarriages in the second trimester or other indicators of an insufficient cervix, talk to your doctor about your cervical health. You should also let your doctor know if you have had a surgical procedure on your cervix, such as a cone biopsy.
Generally, there are no symptoms of an insufficient cervix, so few women realize they have the condition until they miscarry. Symptoms of a miscarriage due to an insufficient cervix include abdominal pressure and feeling a "lump" in the vagina. Generally, a woman with an insufficient cervix never feels contractions.
If your doctor suspects an insufficient cervix, he or she may suggest an ultrasound to examine the thickness of your cervical tissue. The ultrasound may be performed when you are planning a pregnancy or are in the early stages of a pregnancy. A hysterosalpingogram, or HSG, may also help determine the appearance of the cervical canal in a nonpregnant state.
How Can I Treat It?
If you have a history of cervical insufficiency, or if your cervix appears short on an ultrasound, you may be offered a cerclage. A cerclage is a surgical procedure that involves stitching the cervix closed with a strong thread for the full-term of the pregnancy. After having a cerclage, a woman is usually prescribed medication to prevent a surgery-related miscarriage. The stitches are removed around the ninth month of pregnancy, or sooner if labor commences, to prepare for delivery.
Cerclages seem to work well – 70 to 90 percent of women who have a cerclage deliver a viable baby.
Many women with short cervices opt not to have surgery, and still deliver healthy babies. Sometimes, doctors may offer a drug called progesterone. There are no good studies to show which women, if any, really benefit from cerclage. Be sure you talk to your doctor in detail about the risks and benefits of surgical and medical options before making your decision.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Will I have to worry about cervical insufficiency in my next pregnancy?
A: Yes. Generally, a woman who has this condition will need to take precautions in subsequent pregnancies.
Review Date:
Reviewed By: Irina Burd, MD, PhD, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.


text:
A Great Clean LLC
A Great Clean, LLC in Heber City
AGreatClean.com, Your 1 Stop Textile Cleaning Destination!
Hello and thank you for viewing our first WordPress Blog entry! First, let me introduce myself and tell a little bit about what we do. My name is Michael Will and I am the Owner of A Great Clean, LLC. We offer services to all of Summit County, Wasatch County, Salt Lake City, Utah County. Our services include: Carpet and Rug Cleaning, Upholstery and Leather Cleaning, Tile and Stone Cleaning, Pressure Washing and Water Damage Restoration. We also Repair and Stretch carpet. Continue reading


text:
Official Charity
Music-making is life-changing
We are the National Foundation for Youth Music. Every year, we provide more than 75,000 young people with the opportunity to make music, helping them to overcome the challenges they face in their lives. Our music projects support young people to develop their creative and social skills, make positive contributions to their community and improve their wellbeing.
Our ongoing research allows us to identify the best ways to engage young people and drive fresh thinking in music education. We also provide a growing online community for thousands of music education professionals.
We know that many young people still need our help. Join us in our mission to give every child the chance to make music. Please donate today.
– See more at: http://www.youthmusic.org.uk


text:
If politics makes strange bedfellows, it also makes for strange adversaries.
One day after former Citigroup chairman Sanford Weill's startling remarks on CNBC that U.S. financial conglomerates should be broken up, former Sen. Christopher Dodd—one of the sponsors of Dodd-Frank—says a return to Glass-Steagall would be impractical.
"Just breaking up the banks is not the solution," Dodd told CNBC's Squawk Box.
He called for giving his signature legislation, which turned 2 years old last week, a chance to work.
Dodd-Frank takes a regulatory approach to oversight of the nation's largest financial institutions, rather than seeking to reduce their size. In fact, the nation's five largest financial institutions are bigger today than they were before the financial crisis, with assets equal to about 56% of the nation's GDP compared with about 43% in 2007.
So Dodd (left), who along with his legislative partner, Rep. Barney Frank, D-Mass., was thought to be the scourge of Wall Street, wants to keep banks big, while Weill, who oversaw the formation of the then-unprecedented banking giant Citigroup, says we ought to reverse course.
Weill played a key role in the repeal of Glass-Steagall, the Depression-era law that kept deposit institutions separate from investment banking and insurance. He personally lobbied former President Bill Clinton to support repeal, which was effected in legislation enacted in 1999.
On Wednesday, Weill was repentant:
"What we should probably do is go and split up investment banking from banking, have banks be deposit takers, have banks make commercial loans and real estate loans, have banks do something that's not going to risk the taxpayer dollars, that's not too big to fail," he told CNBC's Squawk Box.
In contrast, Dodd has long backed Wall Street's notion that it is competitively important for U.S. banks to maintain their size and scope. In 2010, before Dodd-Frank's passage, he promised his proposed legislation would not reduce banks' global footprint: "We are not going to strangle or suffocate or cause the United States to lose world leadership and financial services," he told CNBC at the time.
That sentiment was echoed by the banking titan Jamie Dimon, CEO pf JPMorgan Chase & Co., who earlier this month answered Credit Agricole analyst Mike Mayo's question about whether JPMorgan shareholders would be better served by a breakup of the firm. "I beg to differ," was Dimon's response on the investor call.
Today, Mayo, reacting to Weill's idea on Bloomberg TV, said a breakup of financial conglomerates would unlock enormous value for shareholders. Those shorting Morgan Stanley, for example, would be "blown to Neptune" if the firm got split up, Mayo said.
Speaking on Squawk Box, Weill hearkened to the days when banks traded at five times book value and said that today's banks are trading at just a third to a half of book value, saying financial institutions would be much more profitable broken up.
Weill's new breakup stance puts him in the rarified company of longtime critics of banking behemoths, including former FDIC chairwoman Sheila Bair, author and former IMF chief economist Simon Johnson, Dallas Fed president Richard Fisher and Bank of England Governor Mervyn King.


text:
Discover for free which first names would suit you or your baby !
Meaning of name Eua
Etymology : Form of (Chawwah) (see EVE) used in the Greek translation of Old Testament
Saint :
Origin : Biblical Greek
Rate this first name :
Gender : girl
Country :
Numbers :
Meaning of those numbers?
Share this page :
Who is she?
Two master numbers indicate that Eua is a strong character who is deeply humane and altruistic, as well as acutely sensitive and extraordinarily intuitive. These elevated vibrations drive her to advocate a better world and help the most underprivileged souls on this planet. Material contingencies are not her area of predilection, however she is capable of great inspiration and creativity... However, these powerful vibrations cannot always be lived at such a high octave, and are often experienced at a more simple level; in which case Eua will make do with building castles in the sky, combining hypersensitivity and emotional fragility with dependence; suggestibility and selflessness with a more passive nature. Her nervous equilibrium can sometimes be fragile because her high aspirations and ideals are poorly adapted to everyday reality. As a little girl, Eua is adorable and very endearing, eager to please and particularly receptive to the atmosphere at home. It only takes an upheaval or dissension to knock her off kilter, and no longer able to live fully in the present she could become withdrawn, lost in her inner world of daydreams. It is therefore strongly recommended for her parents to encourage her to become autonomous from an early age.
What does she like?
Eua cultivates her ideology, which includes noble humanitarian and altruistic values. Her remarkable inner strength allows her to take an interest in social and associative movements, the social sciences, spirituality and the occult. If she commits herself to one of these areas of predilection she should beware of the dangers of dogmatism and fanaticism... She is willing to collaborate and cooperate with others with a completely open mind and unshakeable faith. When it comes to love, she´s a sentimental and romantic soul who tends to idealize her sweetheart by putting him on a pedestal, with the risk of disappointment that this entails... She is quite feminine and motherhood is likely to bring her great fulfilment, however she will undoubtedly need to continue her personal development and contribute to humanity in other ways other than through her role as a parent. Affective values are fundamental, as far as she is concerned; however the purely concrete and material domain is far from being her forte...
Get your free Personality test card now !!
What does she do?
With 47 as her active number, Eua has a real chance to achieve tremendous success, and her royal roads tend to be those of a social or artistic orientation. She could therefore choose a career as a teacher, psychologist, sociologist, counsellor, social worker, children´s nurse, midwife or devoted secretary..., artist, musician..., astrologist, graphologist or medium... religion could be of interest to her as could any occupation of a philanthropic or voluntary nature, or even a career in politics. Of course, she could simply decide to dedicate herself to her family and would make a loving and attentive mother.
Discover others girls first names : Eua Euadne Euanthe
*To note: :
It sometimes happens that two different first names have the same meaning. This has nothing surprising: both first names have the same figures of numerology. It is as in astrology: two persons belonging to the same sign present the same characteristic...
Names compatibility
Test the compatibility of your names to know if your love relation is lucky to succeed. Friendship, love or passion?
Discover fast what waits for you...
Verify now if your names are compatible!
The last comments about "Eua "
Post your comment
Your Name Horoscope !
Thanks to the numerology, we propose you daily a horoscope personalized for your first name. Love, money , Shape: discover what waits for you for today. In Bonus every day find your daily lucky figure .. Horoscope of the first names
Love :Couples: The complicity between the two of you will be reinforced. Singles: An admirer will make themselves known.
Money :You are trying to decide whether or not to make a property investment. Take your time.
Health:You won't see any results without some effort Eua .
Your Lucky number : 80


text:
We didn't see this coming but it's time to say goodbye to Keisha, Raquel and April.
According to reports, VH1 recently canceled its hit drama "Single Ladies," which is currently in the midst of it's third season.
MUST READ: Denise Vasi Tells Single Ladies To Stop Looking For Mr. Right!
"We've been proud to deliver three seasons of the drama, romance and style that engaged viewers in each episode of Single Ladies," the cable network said in a statement. "Although we've decided not to move forward with another season, we hope to work again with the talented cast, creatives and producers as well as our partners at Flavor Unit Entertainment in the near future. We also thank the show's fans for their support since the premiere in 2011."
Queen Latifah, who produced the series under her Flavor Unit Entertainment company, has yet to respond to the bad news. It appears the network wanted to go out on top, seeing as the third season premiere of "Single Ladies" drew in 2.6 million viewers, and a 1.74 rating.
MUST READ: VH1 Releases 'Single Ladies' Season 3 Sneak Peek [VIDEO]
The decision came just two days after the network picked up its third original scripted drama "Hindsight," following recently-renewed "Hit the Floor."
LIKE HelloBeautiful On Facebook!
Queen Latifah Will Officiate 33 Same-Sex Marriages At The Grammys!
Nicki Minaj Pays Homage To Queen Latifah: 'You've Opened So Many Doors For Me'
Check Out This Gallery


text:
The Vulcan mind meld (or mind touch) was a telepathic technique employed exclusively by Vulcans in which the minds of two individuals become a single entity. In the Vulcan language, it was known as taroon-ifla. (TOS episode: "Dagger of the Mind", Last Unicorn RPG module: The Way of Kolinahr: The Vulcans)
Overview[edit | edit source]
Typically, physical contact was required for a meld, however particularly powerful melders, such as Spock or Slovaak, are capable of performing melds remotely. (ST video game: Away Team, TOS episode: "A Taste of Armageddon", TOS episode: "By Any Other Name", TOS episode: "The Omega Glory")
As Vulcans were touch telepaths, they normally conducted a mind meld by touching the bioelectrical focal points on the face which in the Vulcan language was known as the "qui'lari". (ENT novel: Beneath the Raptor's Wing, DS9 episode: "The Muse") Vulcan poets referred to these points as being portals to the mind. (TOS novel: Ex Machina)
Melding was a deeply personal experience, as the two minds of the meldees were entirely open to each other. (TOS episode: "Dagger of the Mind", TOS novel: Assignment: Eternity) Every mind meld left a trace signature due to subtle alteration of the synapse and neural pathways. Furthermore, the Vulcans developed a code where one did not initiate mind-melds without the consent of the other party and they never entered the mind of another without permission. (TOS novel: Burning Dreams)
However, melding can be used as an interrogation technique in which case the melder can block the meldee's access to their own mind. Those that learnt this discipline on Vulcan were required to take an oath that they would rather die before violating the privacy of another's consciousness against their will. (TOS novel: Mindshadow)
Melding can be dangerous, particularly so when conducted with a non-Vulcan but it can also be a useful tool; some neurological conditions can be cured by a mind meld. Further, melds often result in part of each of the participant's knowledge and mental state being transferred to each other and are also the manner in which someone can deposit or obtain a katra. (TOS movie: Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, VOY episode: "Meld")
In addition, it meant that memories from generations of Vulcans were capable of being passed down to their descendants and was partly responsible for the retention of ancient Vulcan traditions. (TOS novel: Captain's Glory) By the mid-23rd century, evidence obtained through the use of mind melds were acceptable by the courts of the Federation. (TOS novel: The Patrian Transgression)
Surak's teachings on the sanctity of an individual governed much of Vulcan mind meld rules. As such, except in cases of mutual consent, Vulcans never mind melded with rare exceptions for those suffering from mental illness. Even though the Federation under their agreement allowed Vulcans to use mind-melds to read the thoughts of alien races, such a practice was never done. (TOS novel: Crisis on Vulcan)
History[edit | edit source]
The practice of melding dated at the least back to the time of Surak. Around the turn of the 20th century Romulan sleeper agents managed to have falsified medical studies published suggesting that mind melding was neurologically and psychologically harmful, with the goal of getting Vulcan society to reject the use of mind melds in order to nullify the telepathic advantage the Vulcans held over their Romulan cousins. (ENT - Rise of the Federation novel: Uncertain Logic)
As a result by the mid-22nd century, a stigma had developed around melding. Those who were capable of or practiced melding were seen as an undesirable minority. As a consequence Pa'nar Syndrome, a condition contracted by inexperience melding also became taboo subject. Ironically, Pa'nar Syndrome can easily be cured by a meld with an experienced melder. Fortunately following reforms on Vulcan in 2154, melding once again became socially acceptable. (ENT episodes: "Fusion", "Stigma", "Kir'Shara")
Whilst the minority group of melders were now socially acceptable, the earlier generations felt that the openness of their telepathic procedures were uncouth or perverted. This was because the non-melders had been raised to believe that a limited mind-touch was acceptable only in the case of establishing the mating bond. This was because they felt that melding risked compromising the identity of the individual as well as violated privacy and mental balance. This pattern of thinking still existed with some older Vulcans in the mid-23rd century. (ENT - Rise of the Federation novel: Uncertain Logic and TOS novel: Ex Machina)
In 2248, a Marathan rebel by the name of Wurnall assaulted Amanda Grayson at the Sarek estate. This led to Sarek petitioning to the House of Justice to conduct a mind meld on the Marathan to discover his reasoning. The act was an issue as Maratha was not a Federation world. Thus, the trio of female Vulcan Justices had to decide on the legal issue but were reluctant to create a legal precedent on the matter. (TOS novel: Crisis on Vulcan) Among notable opponents to mind melds was Soreth, who found the practice distasteful in 2273. (TOS novel: Ex Machina)
Kelvin timeline[edit | edit source]
In 2263 of the Kelvin timeline, at the Babel Conference on Babel, Starfleet Cadet T'Laan was a able to use a mind meld with Romulan Ambassador Joltair's corpse to discover the real culprit behind his murder. (TOS - Boldly Go comic: "Issue 8")
Alternate realities[edit | edit source]
In the mirror universe, T'Pol used a mind meld to interrogate Charles Tucker regarding the prefix code of the ISS Nobunaga. T'Pol was also able to use a mind meld to plant a mental suggestion to make him sabotage the ISS Enterprise's cloaking device. (Mirror Universe short story: "Nobunaga"; ENT episode: "In a Mirror, Darkly")
In an alternate timeline where Montgomery Scott rescued James T. Kirk before he could be absorbed into the Nexus, Scott offered to allow Supreme Arbiter of the Alliance Sarek to mind meld with him to verify their claims of coming from an alternate reality. Sarek refused, due to both the inherent danger in melding with a non-Vulcan and the suspicion that Kirk might be a spy for the Borg and a meld would reveal Alliance secrets. Kirk offered as well, suspecting that since he had melded with that universe's Sarek, it would be easier, but Sarek pointed out he was not that person and thus it was irrelevant. (ST novel: Engines of Destiny)
External link[edit | edit source]
- Mind meld article at Memory Alpha, the wiki for canon Star Trek.


text:
You can find our user documentation at docs.cpanel.net.
(WHM >> Home >> Clusters >> DNS Cluster)
A DNS cluster is a group of nameservers that share records, which allows you to physically separate nameservers that handle the DNS requests from your web servers. This interface allows you to configure a DNS cluster and add servers to an existing DNS cluster.
For more information about the types of DNS cluster configuration and why you may wish to use a DNS cluster, read our Guide to DNS Cluster Configurations documentation.
DNS cluster requirements
To configure your DNS cluster, you must meet the following minimum requirements:
- Clusters must include at least two servers.
- You must have at least one web server with cPanel & WHM installed. A DNS cluster that includes multiple cPanel DNSONLY™ servers and cPanel & WHM servers is also acceptable.
- All machines in the DNS cluster must have cPanel & WHM or cPanel DNSONLY version 11 or higher installed. Some features may not work with older versions of cPanel & WHM.
- All machines configured with PowerDNS must have DNSSEC disabled.
- WHM's DNS Cluster feature only provides redundancy for DNS. It does not add Apache or any other services to a DNS cluster configuration.
- If you set a server in a DNS cluster to the write-only role, WHM will not check whether a DNS zone exists before you create an account. Because of this, it is possible to create the same domain name on two or more of these servers. If this occurs, the servers compete for updates to that domain.
- cPanel DNSONLY software allows you to run a dedicated physical nameserver. It is essentially the "bare-bones" version of cPanel & WHM, which only replicates DNS zones to your other servers. Only install cPanel DNSONLY on nameservers that have no previous content on them. You can download the cPanel DNSONLY software for free.
cPanel & WHM does not support DNSSEC in DNS clusters.
- Servers with domains that have DNSSEC configured will be unable to configure DNS clusters.
- Servers with DNSSEC do not transmit DNSSEC data to cluster members in any form. This means DNS responses from the cluster members will not have the DNSSEC signatures. This can cause DNS resolution errors.
DNS Clustering
To modify DNS cluster settings, log in as the
root user. If you log in as a reseller, you will not see the DNS Clustering section of this interface.
Modify Cluster Status
To enable or disable DNS clustering in WHM, perform the following steps:
- Select the desired option under the Modify Cluster Status heading:
- Select Enable DNS clustering to enable DNS clusters.
- Select Disable DNS clustering to disable DNS clusters.
- Click Change. A confirmation message will appear.
- Click Return to Cluster Status.
After you enable the DNS Cluster feature, specify which servers you wish to include in the DNS cluster.
- You must sync each web server to its DNS servers.
- You do not need to link dedicated DNS servers to each other, or link dedicated web servers to each other.
Global Cluster Options
The Failure threshold for cluster members setting allows you to specify the number of
dnsadmin commands that may fail before WHM disables an unresponsive DNS cluster member.
- We recommend that you disable unresponsive DNS cluster members in order to improve the performance of your server.
- You must enable DNS clustering in order to view the Global Cluster Options section of this interface.
To configure the Failure threshold for cluster members setting, perform the following steps:
- Select an option from the Global Cluster Options section:
Select 10 (Default) to use the default option, which allows cluster members to fail up to ten
We recommend that you use this option.
Select the second option to enter a custom failure threshold.
If server down times or network interruptions are common in your hosting environment, we recommend that you increase the failure number count so that the system does not mark certain cluster members as offline. This may also increase server and network load because the system may repeatedly send some DNS requests.
- Select Keep all cluster members online at all times if you wish to keep all of the servers in your DNS cluster continuously online, regardless of the number of failed
If you wish for WHM to notify you when it disables an unresponsive member in your DNS cluster, select Receive a notification when WHM disables an unresponsive cluster member.
You must manually reenable a disabled cluster member.
- Click Change. A confirmation message will display.
- Click Return to Cluster Status.
If a cluster member in the sync role is offline for an extended period of time, resynchronize the other server's zones. This ensures that the cluster member is up-to-date.
Servers in your DNS cluster
This section allows you to view, add, and delete servers from your DNS cluster.
The Servers in your DNS cluster table displays the following information about each server in your DNS cluster:
|The server's hostname.
|IP address
|The server's IP address.
|The WHM username that you used when you configured this server in the DNS cluster. Typically, this is either
root or the username of a reseller account.
|The type of server: cPanel, SoftLayer, or VPS.NET.
|The version of cPanel & WHM that the server currently runs, and an icon that indicates the server's status.
|DNS role
The server's DNS role. You can choose from the following options:
You can use the menu in this column to change a server's DNS role.
|You can use the icons in this column to modify a DNS cluster server or to delete a server from the DNS cluster.
Add a new server to the cluster
To add a a cPanel & WHM or cPanel DNSONLY server to the DNS cluster, perform the following steps:
Select the server type from the Backend Type menu.
To enable DNS clustering with SoftLayer or VPS.NET, you must first obtain an API username and key from VPS.net or SoftLayer. Then, choose SoftLayer or VPS.NET from the Type menu.
- Click Configure. The cPanel DNS Remote Configuration interface will appear.
- Enter the hostname or IP address of the nameserver that you wish to link in the Remote cPanel & WHM DNS host text box.
- Enter the WHM username for the nameserver in the Remote server username text box.
Enter the nameserver's API token hash or remote access key in the Remote server access hash text box.
Enter an API token hash that you saved on your workstation or create a new API token in WHM's Manage API Tokens interface (WHM >> Home >> Development >> Manage API Tokens).
Make certain that after you create an API token, you save the token hash a safe location on your workstation so that you can use it with other features. The API Tokens table in WHM's Manage API Tokens interface (WHM >> Home >> Development >> Manage API Tokens) only displays the API tokens' names, rather than the tokens' hashes.
You can find the server's remote access key in WHM's Remote Access Key interface (WHM >> Home >> Clusters >> Remote Access Key).
Note:We deprecated WHM's Remote Access Key feature in cPanel & WHM version 64. We strongly recommend that you use API tokens instead.
Select Setup Reverse Trust Relationship for WHM to automatically configure the DNS cluster on the remote server.
- If you select this option, you will not need to log in to WHM's DNS Cluster interface on the remote server. However, you may do so if you wish to modify the remote server's DNS cluster configuration.
- This option automatically sets the remote server's DNS role to Standalone.
- Select Debug mode if you want WHM to record DNS clustering transactions in the
Select an option from the DNS Role menu to specify the server's DNS role.
- Click Submit to save your settings. When you return to the DNS Cluster interface, the remote server will appear in the Servers in your DNS Cluster table.
After you add the server to the cluster, synchronize the new DNS server with the other servers in the DNS cluster in WHM's Synchronize DNS Records interface (WHM >> Home >> DNS Functions >> Synchronize DNS Records)
To confirm that the new server functions, run the following command, where
example.com represents the server name, and
ip represents the server's IP address:
dig +short example.com @ip
We do not recommend that you set up the nameserver to synchronize data to a web server, because this creates extraneous zones on the web server. This means that you do not need to log in to WHM on the nameserver and set the web server's DNS role to Synchronize changes.
Delete a server from a DNS cluster
- You must delete a server from a DNS zone before you add a replacement server to the DNS cluster. You cannot have two servers with the same hostname in a DNS cluster.
- If you remove a server from a DNS cluster, the records will no longer synchronize with the other servers in the DNS cluster. The records on the deleted server will also no longer exist on the servers that remain in the DNS cluster.
To remove a cPanel & WHM or cPanel DNSONLY server from a DNS cluster, perform the following steps:
- Log in to the server that you wish to remove from the DNS cluster.
- Navigate to the DNS Cluster interface.
- In the Modify Cluster Status text box, select Disable DNS Clustering.
- Click Change.
- Click Return to Cluster Status.
- Log in to the servers that remain in the cluster.
- Navigate to the DNS Cluster interface (WHM >> Home >> Clusters >> DNS Cluster).
- Locate the server that you wish to delete.
- Click the x icon ( ) under the Actions heading.
When you return to the DNS Cluster interface, the server will no longer appear in the list of servers in the DNS cluster.
Edit a server in a DNS Cluster
You can change a server's DNS role or edit the server's configuration settings at any time.
To edit a server's DNS role, perform the following steps:
- Locate the server that you wish to edit.
- In the DNS Role menu, select a new role for the server.
- Click the save icon ( ) to save your changes.
To edit a server's configuration settings, perform the following steps:
- Locate the server you wish to edit.
- Click the edit icon ( ) under the Actions heading. The cPanel DNS Remote Configuration interface will appear.
- After you make your changes to the server's settings, click Submit.
Additional documentation
Content by label
There is no content with the specified labels
Content by label
There is no content with the specified labels
Content by label
There is no content with the specified labels


text:
Search the Community
Showing results for tags 'no cheese please'.
Found 1 result
Your perfect Muse Setlist
Ollie of Symmetry posted a topic in ToursHey guys i know there was a thread bout this last time but i though it was very kewl so here we go again this time you can pick 20 songs, 18 and the 2 encore songs, here is my perfect muse setlist let me kknow what your perfect setlist is! (wats he building intro) Dead Star Newborn Hysteria Thoughts Of A Dying Athiest Showbiz Microcuts Shrinking Universe Sunburn(guitar) The Groove Butterflies & Hurricanes Citizen Erased Bliss In Your World Cave Time Is Running Out Muscle Museum Blackout Plug In Baby Apocalypse Please Stockholm Syndrome i bet i have missed out one or 2 songs which should be in there but they proberly slipped my mind anyway wats ur setlist gonna b?


text:
Disclaimer: The content of this NetBeans development wiki page is intended for pre-planning purposes ONLY. The development, release, and timing of any feature or functionality described here should not be treated as final, and is subject to change at any time at the sole discretion of Oracle. For information about NetBeans software releases please visit the NetBeans Roadmap.
Plan for the upcoming release is here: EditorPlan80. This page serves as placeholder for items for future releases.
Features for future releases
More Hints
From IDEA, Eclipse
OSGi bundles support
The main question here whether we want to support bundles without using Maven. If so the following would have to be implemented:
OSGi bundle project type
Platform manager changes
Library Manager
Debugger, Profiler
Handled by the respective teams --- but almost no changes required there.
Dependency Viewer
From Maven.
More refactorings
Replace Temp with Query
Extract Method Object
Introduce Parameter Object
Issue 72059 Make Method Class Static
197190 Issue 197190 Implement Replace Constructor With Factory Method/builder
Issue 55762, Issue 56726 Generify
Copy Clone Move
Move: Issue 154900
Issue 57715 Replace Method Code Duplicates
- Find Usages for methods (relates to Call Hierarchy too)
- Mimetype registration for actions and plugins
Stabilize editor APIs
Issue 130487 Provide replacements for API/SPIs from org.netbeans.editor (Mila,Vita)
Issue 130488 Provide better supports for particular editor API/SPIs (Mila,Vita)
(B) Issue 120357 Rework and stabilize Indentation API - this in particular means to (Vita 5)
- isolate old formatting API to a deprecated autoload module (in progress)
- cleanup GSF formatting related API
- improve the new API, documentation, usecases, etc.
(B) Issue 102406 Stop using and deprecate Syntax (Vita 10)
- get rid of Syntax based java indenter
- rewrite or make Marian Petras to lexerify properties module
- isolate all Syntax related classes to a deprecated autoload module
Make Parsing and Indexing API stable (??)
JNLP and WebStart improvements
Issue 181260 Do not add Class-Path attribute into applet jar
Issue 181261 Provide a way to mark JNLP jars as eager or lazy.
Issue 181262 Add "indexMetaInf" attribute into jar task
Issue 181263 Provide UI to manage certificates to sign the JNLP application
Issue 181264 Add more sophisticated customizer of VM options
Issue 181265 Add filter warnings possibility into the output window
PelMel (?)
- extended support for closure-like anonymous innerclasses (anonymous innerclasses with one method):
- folding of the anonymous innerclass class into a closure-like format
- code completion shows a closure-like entry when possible, that generates the appropriate anonymous innerclass
- folding of constructor and method type parameters
Integrated search (???)
We have many issues with Search dialogs (details) We should work on integration of those features: Find, Replace, Find in Projects, Replace in Projects, Find Usages
Misc Features
Issue 105927 Support for Class-Path attribute in manifest (Tomas 5)
Issue 174506 Run File for any java file with main methods should accept command line parameters (Tomas 3)
Various fixes/improvements in indexing (eg. Issue 170521, Issue 177511, Issue 170939, Issue 176271, Issue 159756, Issue 170915, etc.) (Vita 10) (Tomas 5)
Issue 101843 Up-to-date status in error stripe (Lahoda 3)
Top Voted Enhancements
Paste Formatted improvements
Issue 122100 Analyze framework (tool for static analysis) (Honza P., Honza L.)
Issue 60941 Javadoc Formatter (Honza P. 7)
(E) Issue 152749 Scanning of sources and compiling should be removed (Scan On Demand) (Vita 5 (evaluation))
Issue 47507 Transitively required libraries not automatically added to runtime classpath
General Infrastructure Improvements
Issue 135492 Simplify Coloring Profiles creation (Vita)
Usability Improvements
Issue 138794 - Redesign "Javadoc Index Search" GUI
Issue 164601 Expansions improvements
Quality Feedback
- Dusan
- Issue 74806 Code completion for method/variable/class names should offer used but undeclared identifiers
- Couple of simple changes in code completion:
- Issue 75503 Cross deprecated constructors in pop-up menu invoked by Ctrl-P
- Issue 80733 Ctrl-P should work for generics type parameters
- Issue 96008 Use simple name for inner classes
- Issue 112742 Simple return value for methods returning wildcard generic
- Mila
- Issue 86511 Create syntax coloring guide for Lexer
- Issue 122856 Eliminate non-read/write-locked use of TokenHierarchy's methods
- Issue 150197 Switch off Lexer's Token Hierarchy during formatting
- Max
- There was also an idea of hardcoding lists of the most common shortcut that are used by various OSes and to warn a user when they try to assign them to Netbeans actions.
- Issue 133145 - Surround with try-catch needs user options
- Issue 131873 - "add parameter to constructor" hint
- Issue 148751 - Provide change type hint when there are incompatible generic type


text:
Otto Preminger's "Anatomy of a Murder," from 1959, is still the best courtroom drama ever made in this country, and, in its occasional forays out of the court, among the finest evocations of place—an Upper Peninsula Michigan resort area in the off-season, leafless, underpopulated, alcoholic, and forlorn. James Stewart, in one of his wonderful melancholy "late" performances, plays a former county prosecutor named Biegler, a lifelong bachelor who now spends his time with a non-practicing lawyer (Arthur O'Connell) and an unpaid secretary (Eve Arden), who sticks around for the wisecracks. The movie is leisurely, detailed, realistic, intensely companionable; you get a sense of how people exist at the margins of a profession without losing their dignity. It's my favorite Preminger movie, edging out the celebrated "Laura" (1944), a suave murder mystery set in a studio-built Manhattan. "Laura" is sly and haunting—a Park Avenue ghost movie that anticipates the dark-shadowed noir style that blossomed in Preminger's work later in the forties. The light in "Anatomy," on the other hand, is not shadowy but gray and even: in that world, good and evil are not easily identifiable. And the music, in contrast to David Raksin's lush popular romanticism for "Laura," is pure mockery—a tickling jazz score by Duke Ellington that suggests something unruly going on beneath the surface.
As it turns out, "Anatomy of a Murder" is stunningly ambiguous. Rousing himself from his lethargy, Biegler defends an Army lieutenant (Ben Gazzara) who has killed a local man—a hotel owner and saloonkeeper—after the guy has mauled and raped the lieutenant's wife (Lee Remick). Or at least that's what the wife says; the medical evidence is inconclusive, and the bruises she has on her body may have come from her husband knocking her around. As played by the young Lee Remick, the wife is almost haplessly flirtatious. She flirts even with the disconcerted Biegler, who disapproves of her but also feels a certain chagrin: she's young, she's sexual, and, looking at her, he feels that he missed the party. What's going on with this surly Army lieutenant and his enticing but anxious wife? Are they playing their lawyer for a sucker? We wait for the trial to make things clear.
"Anatomy of a Murder" is Preminger at his finest—intelligent, intricate, utterly unillusioned, and evenhanded. Preminger was fair-minded about many things, and particularly so in the late fifties and early sixties, when, in a rather odd career move, he came to specialize in enormous fictions about the interior workings of major public institutions. He re-created the legal proceedings in "Anatomy" with something like love; he afforded the same meticulous attention to the British quandary in Palestine and the Jewish nationalist cause in "Exodus" (1960), the deliberations of the United States Senate in "Advise and Consent" (1962), the power plays within the Curia in "The Cardinal" (1963), and the demotions and promotions of Navy officers in "In Harm's Way" (1965). In all, Preminger is a strange case. At his peak, for more than twenty years he created sophisticated entertainments in many different styles for an audience that was composed largely of grownups. But was he a great director or just an inquisitive and urbane fellow who respected the audience's intelligence? (A retrospective of Preminger's work running at Film Forum through January 17th may serve to straighten some of this out.)
Preminger rarely spoke like a man driven to bring formal or expressive pleasure to moviegoers or even to himself. He spoke of daring subjects, of projects. By the early fifties, he was working independently, producing as well as directing his own pictures—two functions that he saw as continuous. Before shooting, he shaped the script with his writers, and, on the set, he practiced a ruthless economy, finishing his pictures on time and on budget. He then delivered much of the publicity himself. Preminger was a master of high-minded ballyhoo—the taboo-breaking story, the battle with obtuse censors, the overflowing press banquet, the chartered plane to Cannes for a screening (those were the days). Tall, bald, fearless, and charming in a slightly menacing way, he spoke a German-accented English that was a delight to hear and to make fun of. By the late fifties, he was a director second only to Hitchcock as a Hollywood public figure. At the same time, rumors circulated about his spectacular rudeness and his bullying treatment of actors, especially less experienced actors. This highly intelligent man was capable of grabbing a young performer by the shoulders and screaming "Relax! Relax!" into his face. "Sort of a Jewish Nazi," Joan Crawford called him, and she was a fan.
The first notable claim for Preminger as an artist was advanced in 1954 by Jacques Rivette, then a critic and later one of the New Wave directors. Yet Rivette's article, appearing in Cahiers du Cinéma during the seedbed years of auteur theory, is a strange affair. Such directors as Howard Hawks, Alfred Hitchcock, and Fritz Lang, Rivette says, "first believe in their themes and then build the strength of their art upon this conviction. Preminger believes first in mise en scène, the creation of a precise complex of sets and characters, a network of relationships, an architecture of connections, an animated complex that seems suspended in space." In other words, he had no overriding thematic obsessions or visual poetry or dramatic motifs—the usual hallmarks of a director given the auteur honorific. It was the physical realization of the movie in space that mattered to him—the manipulation of characters as the camera met, joined, and accompanied actors down streets, along walls, up and down staircases, through passageways. These particular qualities, and Rivette's limited way of praising Preminger, might have deterred exegesis. On the contrary, they spurred it. Preminger the craftsman of genius was a puzzle that needed to be solved, and he was taken up in the sixties by English and American auteur critics. Film magazines devoted special issues to him. Stylistic consistencies were discovered, and claims were made; "Advise and Consent," a shrewd, scrupulous, but very prosy movie, was hailed as a masterpiece. All of this led to Preminger's being attacked, even contemptuously dismissed, by anti-auteurists like Pauline Kael and Dwight Macdonald. "Otto Preminger is a great showman who has never bothered to learn anything about making a movie," Macdonald wrote in 1964.
Preminger the man without aesthetic passions had become a cause of passion in others, an irony that he no doubt enjoyed. But, twenty-one years after his death, the irony seems a little stale, and the question of his importance remains irritatingly difficult to settle. In a forthcoming critical biography, "The World and Its Double: The Life and Work of Otto Preminger" (Farrar, Straus & Giroux; $30), Chris Fujiwara picks up where the sixties auteurists left off, finding patterns of narrative strategy, physical detail, and characterization. But, in the course of much formal analysis, Fujiwara seems to be straining to stack up similarities, and, reading him, one is reminded of the old complaint against auteurism—that the mere finding of patterns doesn't guarantee that the movies are any good. In another new book, "Otto Preminger: The Man Who Would Be King" (Knopf; $35), Foster Hirsch, a professor of film at Brooklyn College, takes a more commonsense approach. Hirsch, who has a warmer sense of a movie's human and dramatic meanings (and failings) than Fujiwara, sorts out the good films from the bad and is eager to present a fully developed portrait of a man often reviled as a brute. Yet while Hirsch wants to praise Preminger as an artist, what impresses him most is the vaunting authority of Preminger as a personality. The book inadvertently raises a curious question: Can technical skill and craft, combined with worldliness and urbanity, and presented in a distinct style, rise to the level of art?
Otto Preminger always passed himself off as Viennese, but he was born (in 1905) in Wiznitz, Poland, an obscure corner of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Premingers were Ostjuden—East European Jews—and therefore suffered from the status chagrins of provincials as well as from the usual Austrian anti-Semitism. A formidable appearance and manner became central to the family's sense of itself; in an early portrait, Otto's father, Markus, a distinguished lawyer, appears with waxed mustaches pointing upward like raised swords. The family moved to Vienna when Preminger was ten, and Markus Preminger quickly became the chief state prosecutor. A privileged and much indulged youth, Otto read the drama classics and attended the theatre. At the age of seventeen, he presented himself as an apprentice actor to Max Reinhardt, the founder of the Salzburg Festival and the most celebrated theatrical producer and director in Vienna. Preminger never amounted to much as an actor (early baldness ended any thought of a career as a leading man); he was always more the impresario-in-the-making. He left Reinhardt after only a year, acted and directed elsewhere, and, while attending university, helped start two new theatre companies. By the age of twenty-five, he was a seasoned theatrical professional who had also (to appease his father) earned a law degree from the University of Vienna. A few years later, he inherited Reinhardt's position as manager of the prestigious Theater in der Josefstadt. There Preminger let other directors do the classics while he staged the farces—which seems odd, since his movies, though often witty in a sardonic way, never demonstrate much feeling for physical comedy.
Having received offers from both Broadway and Hollywood, Preminger left Vienna in October, 1935, a time when a Jew could still depart from, rather than escape, the city. Hirsch records that Preminger sailed on the Normandie, hobnobbed with swells and aristos, and then checked into the St. Regis in New York. Though still in his twenties, Preminger radiated success and authority, and many Americans were eager to be impressed; in those years, appreciation of a cultivated European somehow raised their own status. Others may have merely been vanquished by Preminger's implacable desire to receive the best treatment, even when he couldn't pay the bill. On his first day in New York, he was taken to lunch at "21" and was conducted by the co-owner, Jack Kriendler, on a personal tour of the restaurant, which, along with the St. Regis, remained his favorite haunt in New York for years afterward. Throughout his life, he was a connoisseur of hotels, restaurants, mistresses, art works, furnishings—the luxurious paraphernalia of the big time.
Yet his artistic success in the early years was mixed. After directing a single play in New York, he wound up working at Twentieth Century-Fox for Darryl Zanuck, a vibrantly self-assured and often shrewd lowbrow from Nebraska. Zanuck put him to work as an apprentice, then gave him some B movies to direct. By 1937, Preminger, having proved himself capable, was assigned to direct a big-budget adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's "Kidnapped." Zanuck thought the early rushes looked stiff. He and Preminger began to argue in Zanuck's office; Preminger, neck veins bulging, blew up, and Zanuck quickly froze him out at Fox. This appears to have been the first notable instance of what became famous as the Preminger tantrum—an empurpled complexion followed by a seeming loss of control and shrieking insults.
Preminger returned to the more comforting milieu of New York theatre and café society, where he remained for five years, directing plays, until, in 1942, Zanuck left Fox to oversee production of training films for the Army Signal Corps. Preminger jumped back to the studio and was working with three writers on an adaptation of Vera Caspary's suspense novel "Laura" when, in 1943, Zanuck abruptly returned, took the reins again, and immediately assigned "Laura" to the distinguished film and theatre director Rouben Mamoulian; Preminger was allowed only to produce. After three weeks of shooting, however, Mamoulian's work displeased everyone—the style was melodramatic, the actors were florid, and Zanuck, taking it out on Preminger, wired him that "you should have stayed in New York or Vienna, where you belong." Despite this sally, Zanuck listened to Preminger when he argued for a cooler, drier style, and, in the end, Zanuck dropped Mamoulian and gave complete control of the movie to Preminger, who began all over again with the actors and technicians and created "Laura" as we know it.
From his years in New York, Preminger had developed an acid sense of the city's upper classes. "Mamoulian is a nice man, isn't he?" he said to Vincent Price, who plays a svelte, predatory gigolo. "I'm not, and most of my friends are these kind of people"—by which he meant not only Price's character but Judith Anderson's vampiric socialite and Clifton Webb's primly snotty columnist, a middlebrow with a boutonnière who manufactures maudlin sentiment for the masses. "Laura" has been subjected to endless formal analysis, but the movie's fascination has always relied on the outrageous bitchiness of the dialogue and the almost comical coldness of its approach to murder. Laura (Gene Tierney), the beauty who is the object of everyone's obsession, has apparently been killed, but then turns out not to be dead—the girl found in Laura's apartment was a model whose face was destroyed by a shotgun blast. No one, including Laura, mourns the actual victim. As the truth is revealed, all the characters calibrate their next move in the game of power, money, and sex. Even the hero—Dana Andrews's police detective, a tough guy in an effete milieu—comes off as both neurotic and calculating. Preminger's candor about what he brought to the material, and the coolness that allowed him to see what people are really up to, is what keeps "Laura" alive and biting after all these years.
"Laura" was nominated for five Oscars, and Preminger won Zanuck's respect. As a Fox contract director, he had to take assignments that didn't much interest him, but, when you look at his work from the forties and the early fifties, you find, amid many other films, a series of noir dramas that are among the best movies of the period. So many pictures now are bloated with unnecessary spectacle and backstory that the economy and decisiveness of the noirs—violent, saturnine, dark-city crime narratives driven by strongly motivated characters—seems more miraculous than ever. Like many noir heroes, Preminger's are tormented, sleepless men pursuing women, money, and respect. The underrated Dana Andrews, anguish festering under a self-assured surface, worked for Preminger in four other movies, notably "Fallen Angel" (1945), in which he played a failed public-relations man and con artist who becomes obsessed with a sullen beauty (Linda Darnell) working in a Pacific Coast coffee shop; and "Where the Sidewalk Ends" (1950), in which he's a troubled New York police detective with a propensity for violence. Yet if the characters are violent and half crazy, Preminger holds back from obsession. The virtuoso moving camera—always miraculously easy and fluent—doesn't take the point of view of one character or another. Nor does Preminger rely on frequent closeups, which often define characters in isolation as morally pure or damned—the common technique of melodrama. As Andrew Sarris and many other critics have pointed out, he prefers the two-shot, with the actors facing each other, or positioned side by side or one behind the other, an arrangement that forces us to balance conflicting arguments or emotions. Almost everyone in Preminger's noir movies has jumbled motives, or mixed qualities of good and evil, and his refusal to sort out and judge makes these films, for all their period rhetoric of shadow and lust, feel modern and open-ended. Preminger was a dramatist, not a melodramatist, and, as his later career suggested, a dramatist of a particularly dialectical sort; he was an autocrat who believed that differing points of view needed to be honored, or at least listened to.
An overbearing nature, flourished like a sword, was standard equipment among the German and Austrian directors who had come to Hollywood in the teens and twenties. Before Preminger, there was Josef von Sternberg, wearing boots and carrying a riding crop on the set; Erich von Stroheim, reportedly demanding monogrammed underwear for the Imperial Army extras in "The Wedding March"; F. W. Murnau, after his initial success here, loudly proclaiming his sufferings as an artist in philistine America, and so on. In Central Europe, manners could be authoritarian in ways unknown in America, but, still, some of the carrying-on was sheer imposture. Von Sternberg and von Stroheim were born middle-class Austrian Jews, so the "von" and some of the hauteur were concocted for the occasion—in a new country, these men wanted to be impressive. Was Preminger also acting a part? On several occasions, both onstage and in the movies, he played a Nazi, most famously in Billy Wilder's "Stalag 17," from 1953, in which he was the bullying camp commandant. As a director, he seems to have been eager for people to think of him as nasty: fear of his brutal candor kept actors and technicians in line, discouraging most of them from arguing with him or trying out ideas of their own.
The targets of his outbursts were, for the most part, highly selective; his rage at Zanuck was an anomaly. He did not blow up at Frank Sinatra, Laurence Olivier, John Wayne, Deborah Kerr, or the other big stars who appeared in his movies. He reserved his wrath, instead, for the largely untested Tom Tryon, the leading man in "The Cardinal," or for Jean Seberg, the seventeen-year-old high-school graduate he plucked out of small-town Iowa and made into a leading lady in "St. Joan" (1957) and "Bonjour Tristesse" (1958). Tryon, Seberg, and many others were reduced to tears by his hectoring and became so rattled they couldn't remember their lines; that night, he would take them out to the best restaurant in town, only to humiliate them again the next morning. With one exception, he was always the one dealing out pleasure and pain. On the set of another terrific noir movie, "Angel Face" (1952), he demanded so many takes of a scene that required Robert Mitchum to slap Jean Simmons across the face that Mitchum finally turned around and slapped Preminger.
Did his way with actors work? As both Hirsch and Fujiwara insist, the old pros who knew their lines got along with him easily and performed well (and, for the record, the red-faced Simmons is quite good). Even Joan Crawford, often so stiff and humorless, gave a spontaneous and likable performance as a professional woman unable to choose between lovers (Andrews, again, and Henry Fonda) in "Daisy Kenyon" (1947), Preminger's sole, and very engaging, venture into the modern-woman's-picture genre. But Preminger lacked the patience to coax a good performance out of unformed actors—or actors formed by Method training, which required them to connect the emotions of a scene to past personal experience. He cared only for what an actor could do on the spot. Still, his inability to teach could lead to sterling results. To my ears, Jean Seberg's performances for him are excruciating, yet her callow, just-off-the-farm quality was exactly what Godard wanted for the conscienceless American girl in "Breathless" (1959). Inadvertently, Preminger delivered her intact to a modernist master.
Preminger's annoyance with Jean Simmons may have been exacerbated by the way "Angel Face" was made—as a favor to Zanuck, who, in turn, wanted to do a favor for his pal Howard Hughes, who had Simmons under contract. This sort of seignorial trading of talent—the last remnant of a fading studio system, with its exclusive contracts—infuriated Preminger, and in 1954, anticipating a trend toward independence by a number of years, he bought out his own contract with Fox. A free man, he arranged for the financing and distribution of most of his films himself, and he dealt with controversial subjects that challenged the traditional Hollywood squeamishness. We have long taken for granted the liberties he fought for all through the fifties, so the issues may now seem musty, even absurd: for instance, the right to make lighthearted jokes about virginity and seduction, in the harmless comedy "The Moon Is Blue" (1953); the right to portray heroin addiction with a decent amount of candor, in "The Man with the Golden Arm" (1955), a film now remarkable mainly for Frank Sinatra's touching performance as an addict. But such issues were not absurd at the time. The two films were refused a seal of approval by the industry-backed Production Code, but Preminger, forging ahead, opened them without the seal, hastening both the death of the Code and the liberation of movie content.
Preminger's independent productions in the fifties and early sixties often featured jazz scores, along with chic title design by Saul Bass, who animated solid blocks of color—the titles were aggressively informal and cool, almost hip. Preminger had become a kind of high-bourgeois modernist, relinquishing a Bel Air mansion for an austere, white-walled East Side town house furnished with Eames chairs, curved marble tables, and art by Picasso, Chagall, and Dufy. Liberal in his social attitudes, he enjoyed shocking a country that was both easy to shock and quick to recover from shock, rewarding a creator who stayed just ahead of the curve. He hired the blacklisted screenwriters Ring Lardner, Jr., Albert Maltz, and Dalton Trumbo; he made two musicals with all-black casts, "Carmen Jones" (1954), an adaptation of Bizet's opera set in the contemporary Deep South and featuring a stunning Dorothy Dandridge, who was Preminger's girlfriend at the time, and "Porgy and Bess" (1959), a noble but surprisingly stiff-jointed version of the Gershwin opera. He had become an enlightened citizen, a flamboyant show-business equivalent of, say, Eleanor Roosevelt or Joseph N. Welch, the anti-McCarthy lawyer, who, in a shrewd bit of casting by Preminger, played the judge in "Anatomy of a Murder." No one has been able to separate the opportunist from the man of principle in Preminger, and perhaps there's no need to—the two sides of him combined to set his work apart from the doughy liberal films of the period directed by Stanley Kramer and Martin Ritt.
In a familiar typology, the sociologist Max Weber distinguished among three kinds of leaders—the charismatic, the traditional, and the rational-legal embodiment of authority produced by the modern bureaucratic state. In the United States, there wasn't much tradition to draw on, or, at least, none that mattered to Preminger, but he partook of the two other kinds in paradoxical combination—he became an instance of overwhelming personal charisma operating in a society that prized rationality and legality. What Preminger admired about America was the openness of its culture; he disdained ideologues and took seriously the notion of civil discourse and the exchange of opinion. Here was a man who forbade disagreement on the set and humiliated dozens of people, yet he put tyranny in the service of its opposite: his "institutional" films are all about argument, debate, mutual respect, and compromise. In "Exodus," a half-naked Paul Newman, emerging like a Jewish Triton from the Mediterranean, excited teen-age girls from Scarsdale to Shaker Heights, but a significant part of the film is given over to detailed wrangling between Newman's relatively moderate Haganah and the more radical Irgun. Preminger had refashioned the epic as disputation; celebrating the birth of Israel, he also gave the British and the Arabs their due. "Advise and Consent" is an enormously articulate structure of warring points of view, in which the most appealing character is the Senate Majority Leader (played by Walter Pidgeon), who is willing to make all sorts of deals to push the President's nomination for Secretary of State through the Senate; the least appealing character is a liberal demagogue who uses blackmail as a tactic. In "The Cardinal," which chronicles the rise of an American priest named Stephen Fermoyle, Preminger obviously loves the spectacle of vulpine cardinals jostling one another amid the Vatican's frescoes, stairways, and antechambers. Out of piety, Fermoyle betrays several women, but Preminger dramatizes the personal issues with such rigorous dialectical balance that one has trouble telling if the man is supposed to be a victim of Church law or just an insensitive fool.
Preminger was perhaps too refined and modulated in his sophistication to achieve more than occasional greatness as a director. He doesn't compare, for instance, with his fellow-émigrés Fritz Lang and Billy Wilder. It's hard to think of a heartbreaking or truly exhilarating moment in his work. Yet, at his best, he raised civil discourse to the level of subtle entertainment: one can get caught up in the intricately choreographed give-and-take of "Advise and Consent" without caring whether the nominee gets confirmed or not. And, in at least one case, he was enough of an artist to know that discourse could not be enough. In "Anatomy of a Murder," the conclusion of the trial settles nothing—the verdict is announced, but we still don't know if the wife was violated. The moral chaos of the Army lieutenant and his wife overwhelms the hyperrationality of the legal process, and truth recedes into mazelike corridors of doubt. The movie ends with Ellington's pointed ironies—a muted trumpet shrieking and then gasping in mock anguish. And the light remains gray. ♦


text:
While we're over here, yammering on and on about sexting and the best ways to do it, things are moving in a bit of a different direction in South Korea. The country's government is currently rolling out a plan to block swearing and pornography on all its teenagers' phones.
Championed by country's Ministry Of Gender Equality And Family, the censorship would come in the form of mandatory filtering software installed on teenagers' phones designed to block "illegal [and] harmful information." Such information includes swear words and slang—the removal of which is intended to curb cyber-bullying—as well as pornography and nudity.
At the moment it's unclear exactly when this net-scrubbing software would be rolling out and whether or not it would include tablets, but it'd be sure to cripple a whole lot of phones with a pretty slim chance of being helpful. I mean these are tech-savvy teenagers we're talking about. They'll find a way. [Newsis via The Verge]
Image by AISPIX by Image Source/Shutterstock


text:
Do you have an electric car and need an EV charger installed in your garage or driveway right away? Don't look any further than SERVIZ, the number one provider of professional services in town. With our recommended EV charging station installation in Los Angeles, you can have your car ready for the road in no time.
The number of electric vehicles in the United States is increasing every year, due to their environmental benefit. Yet, this means that you need an EV charger at home so you can conveniently charge up your car before your drive. For an easy and quick connection at your garage or driveway, choose our professional EV charging station installation services. Our trained and experienced Pros can set up your new EV charger before you know it. We provide same-day appointments, which means you won't have to wait around forever for our services. We will provide you with a two-hour appointment went so you always know when we will arrive. We find a solution that suits your schedule.
To enjoy our fast and easy charging station installation, all you have to do is book your service. If you prefer your EV charger to be connected away from your garage or driveway, SERVIZ can also help you out. All you have to do is book your free estimate to see how you can benefit from our services. If you need any help repairing your EV charger, our Pros can fix it in no time.


text:
Board Games
Librarian and educator resources for using board games in teaching literacy.
Harris, Christopher. Meet the New School Board: Board Games Are Back—and They're Exactly What Your Curriculum Needs. School Library Journal, May 2009 (Vol. 55, No. 5), p. 24-6. May 2009 School Library Jounal Cover story.
Johnson, Wayne L. and Yvette C. Johnson. Summer Reading Program Fun: 10 Thrilling, Inspiring, Wacky Board Games for Kids. Chicago: ALA, 1999.
Mayer, Brian and Christopher Harris. Libraries Got Game: Aligned Learning through Modern Board Games. Chicago: ALA, 2010. More book info at Board gaming the library way (November 3, 2009).
Online Resources
ALA Web Extras for Libraries Got Game: Aligned Learning through Modern Board Games (book noted above) - Also, authors/librarians Chris Harris and Brian Mayer appear in a couple of videos in which they discuss the two board games donated to libraries for 2009 National Gaming Day, Say Anything and Wits & Wagers.
- Christopher Harris's blog, Infomancy
- Brian Mayer's blog, Library Gamer
Board Games With Scott. /www.boardgameswithscott.com/. January 5, 2009. Videocast of tabletop game reviews: how to play, why it's great, and how to use it in a variety of gaming experiences.
Internet Public Library: Board Games
Summer Reading Program Fun - Companion website for Summer Reading Program Fun: 10 Thrilling, Inspiring, Wacky Board Games for Kids (book noted above)


text:
It might take another run to the MLS Cup if the Los Angeles Galaxy want to see David Beckham back on the field in 2010.
Beckham told The View's Barbara Walters on Monday that he won't be fit again to play until November, likely damning any hopes he'll return by the regular-season finale and jeopardizing his chances for a postseason comeback.
The English midfielder -- who suffered a torn Achilles tendon while on loan with AC Milan in March -- also admitted that he won't resume training for at least three months.
Carrying crutches and saddled with a boot cast on perhaps the world's most closely watched left foot, Beckham made several media appearances in New York on Monday. He let the news slip of his November return to Walters during a backstage conversation before a taping of the ABC talk show The View.
"I won't be running for another three months, so I will be playing again in, probably, November,'' Beckham said in a video posted Monday on ABC's website.
The last time Beckham appeared in a Galaxy uniform was last November, when he teamed with Landon Donovan to pilot the Galaxy to the MLS Cup. He left empty-handed, however, as Real Salt Lake won the league title in a shootout and postponed Beckham's shot at a first MLS title until 2010.
Then came the Achilles injury that both crippled Beckham's shot at a World Cup appearance for England this summer and extinguished hopes that he could shine again this season in MLS. During an appearance on ABC's Good Morning America on Monday, he likened the injury to "being hit by a hockey puck," and admitted he knew the severity of the injury as soon it as it had occurred.
The former Manchester United star also told MLSsoccer.com on Monday that he's trying to regain mobility in the ankle after the injury.
"At the moment, it's just getting the motion back into the ankle, the tendon, because it's still repairing,'' Beckham said. "I'm trying to get mobilization back into the ankle.''
Also on GMA, Beckham expressed his disappointment with missing the opportunity to play for England at the World Cup in South Africa.
"It's frustrating," he added. "It's obviously disappointing because I've been working for the last two years to get into the English squad [for the World Cup]."
Beckham also praised the play of his Galaxy teammates, who have surged to a league-best 4-0-1 start to the season in his absence.
"We've got stability," Beckham told MLSsoccer.com. "It's great to have stability. We've also brought in a few new players. The three Brazilians look impressive. But most important, we have team spirit. That's why we went so far last year. Now we want to improve. We've done well, but we need to continue it."


text:
Stefi and her friends around the world
After almost two weeks of disappearance we are back again! We have been busy with work and life… So today to cheer everybody up here comes a funny post. Continue reading
Portogruaro: a tiny piece of Venice
Do you remember our adventure by boat in the Marano lagoon? Yes, it was ages ago, almost a 'throwback Thursday'…
In that same period, on one of the many gloomy and crispy days when we couldn't go to the beach we visited Portogruaro. Continue reading
Sealinthefog.com blogiversary #2
Oh yes, you read that right: it's the second anniversary of this tiny blog!
And guess what… it's also post number 100!!! Continue reading
The new life of a thrifted dresser as a media console Pt. II
Here we are, back with the never-ending story of the soon-to-be media console.
Part I of this post was very long, but the preparation steps were quite hard and time-onsoleonsuming. This time though I'll promise I'll be quick. Continue reading
The new life of a thrifted dresser as a media console Pt. I
As you might have realised by now each time we stay in Italy for a bit we put ourselves in the position of doing some huge diy project that we manage to finish just few days before leaving. I am not complaining, at all: we love the things that come up like that, at the very end, without planning, just hard work and fun.
So before moving to Australia one of the various projects we tackled was a media console for Matteo's mum. Continue reading
Melbourne: 15 new veggies and fruit to try
You might have noted by now that we have a passion for markets and food. When you combine our love for walking between the stalls and peaking in each of them and our impulse to trying new food and plates, you can imagine what were and still are our emotions when we moved to our new house in Melbourne, not far from the central Queen Victoria Market. Continue reading
From antique manger to magazine holder
It's been ages since we last shared something here on sealinthefog.com. We have been slightly 'trapped' between works and new life in Melbourne and weeks passed by without even noticing!
But it is finally time for another DIY!!! Continue reading
Camberwell Sunday flea market
Yes, you read it: we went to a flea market!!
Well, actually this is not the entire truth: since we arrived in Australia we have been to more than one flea market. It's a sort of attraction for us.
Anyway here is the testimony of the first Australian flea market we visited! Continue reading
Guacamole recipe
It's been very long since we last shared a post on food. Although eating out, trying new-to-us cuisines and different food are some of our favorite things, another important aspect in our relationship with food involves the process of making a dish.


text:
Top 10 Players in World Cup 2010
The ultimate goal of soccer is to be a World Cup champion, and every player dreams of holding the iconic trophy of FIFA World Cup. Italy won the Cup in 2006, and this year 32 teams consisting of 736 players will vie to be champions in South Africa from June 11 to July 11.
While the World Cup is a team achievement, it is also the biggest stage for individuals to display their talents. Here is our look at the top 10 players who are competing in the World Cup:
|PowerPoint: Top 10 Players in World Cup 2010
|Video: Top 10 Players in World Cup 2010
|Download PowerPoint Presentation
|Watch on Youtube


text:
A drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis could help asthma patients, scientists said on Friday, as they identified two mutant genes that may predispose a person to asthma.
Over 235 million people worldwide suffer from asthma and it is the most common chronic disease among children, according to the World Health Organisation.
In a paper published in The Lancet medical journal, researchers in Australia said they had identified the two rogue genes after comparing 58,000 DNA samples of people living in Australia, Europe and the United States with and without asthma.
"We found two regions of the DNA that are consistently different between asthmatics and non-asthmatics," lead author Manuel Ferreira at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research in Brisbane told Reuters by telephone.
One of the genes is also known to be linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the researchers suggested that the drug tocilizumab, which is used to treat RA, may also work for asthma.
Tocilizumab, marketed under the brand Actemra by Roche Holding AG , targets a certain molecule in the body called "interleukin-6 receptor" and reduces inflammation in RA patients.
"Targeting interleukin-6 receptor may be a good strategy to reduce or prevent inflammation (in asthma) in the same way that it is used to prevent or reduce inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis," Ferreira said, adding that more research should be carried out to confirm if the drug may help asthma patients.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the airways in the lungs become inflated, narrowed and obstructed, causing breathing difficulty.
Apart from genetic reasons, other risk factors for asthma are inhaled substances that may provoke allergic reactions or irritate the airways, such as tobacco smoke, chemical irritants in the workplace and polluted air.
ReutersLast Mod: 09 Eylül 2011, 10:22