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Random Questions With: Delia Ephron
You're listening to ASK ME ANOTHER from NPR and WNYC. I'm Ophira Eisenberg. And let's welcome our Very Important Puzzler Delia Ephron.
EISENBERG: Now, I've been saying your last name as Ephron and I feel like that's how I know it but that is not how you pronounce it. Is that correct?
DELIA EPHRON: That's true. I pronounce it Eph-run.
EISENBERG: Eph-run.
EPHRON: And about five months ago I found that it wasn't pronounced that way.
EPHRON: A girlfriend of mine told me that. She said you're pronouncing your name wrong. I can't even explain this. Then I started calling my sisters - how do you pronounce our name? And they were all pronouncing it wrong. So, no, this is not...
EISENBERG: So are they all pronouncing it differently?
EPHRON: Well, we are the Ephron sisters.
EISENBERG: OK. Well, we're going Eph-run...
EPHRON: All right.
EISENBERG: ...going forward.
EPHRON: OK. Yes. OK.
EISENBERG: And you are part of a powerhouse family of writers. Parents successful screenwriters. You and all of your sisters are writers. Some writers go oh, I feel into writing or some say, oh, I discovered it but I love that you had said that you were basically programmed.
EPHRON: Yes. Both my parents were writers and every time I said something funny my father shouted: That's a great line, write it down. And the dinner tables were constant reinforcement of bring your stories here, tell them. And I don't think I would've been rewarded for anything else, you know. It's just - I mean, my sister Nora was born knowing she wanted to be a writer.
I was so frightened of the family destiny that I didn't become a writer till 29, Amy 39 and Hallie 49. So it's weird, right? Yeah.
EISENBERG: Right. And when everyone discovered it...
EPHRON: Yeah. Well, no, everybody just knew they had to do it but they couldn't face it.
EISENBERG: Now you wrote a very funny manners quiz for the New York Times.
EPHRON: Thank you.
EISENBERG: With multiple choice answers on how to deal with different family situations. And we took inspiration from that so right now, Delia, you're going to help us with a phone game. So let's hear from our caller. Hello, caller. You're on ASK ME ANOTHER.
STEPHANIE MARTINEZ: Hi, Ophira, hi, Delia. This is Stephanie Martinez in Grand Prairie, Texas.
EISENBERG: Hello, Stephanie.
EPHRON: Hello, Stephanie.
EISENBERG: So you recently got married. Congratulations.
MARTINEZ: I did. Thank you.
EISENBERG: How would you think your family would describe you? Are you the pragmatic one or are you the wild one?
MARTINEZ: I think we're still trying to get accustomed to one another. My daughter and I are a blended family with my husband and his three kids. So as wild as a pragmatic person can get, I'm probably right there in the middle.
EISENBERG: All right. Undecided. I like that. Undeclared. So Stephanie, this game is called Family Manners. We al have to navigate challenging relationships with our family members and Delia's made a career of exploring those relationships, so before the show we gave her some hypothetical family conflicts and asked her to pick one of several choices. And all you have to do is tell us how you think she answered.
MARTINEZ: Got it.
EISENBERG: And if you get enough right, we're going to send you a signed copy of Delia's book, "Sister, Mother, Husband, Dog, Etc."
MARTINEZ: Yes!
EISENBERG: Yes. Are you ready?
MARTINEZ: Super ready.
EISENBERG: OK. Here we go. Your foodie sister-in-law insists that everyone elevate the next family potluck dinner by bringing fancier dishes. Do you, A, buy something with fennel or quinoa in it at Whole Foods and pass it off as your own, or...
JONATHAN COULTON: B, bring your usual tuna casserole but tell her the ingredients were locally sourced and that you sous vided the tuna for a better mouth feel?
MARTINEZ: I like the words mouth feel. (unintelligible)
COULTON: I like that word too.
EISENBERG: Yes.
EPHRON: Yes, I like it.
EISENBERG: So what do you think? How do you think Delia answered that?
MARTINEZ: I'm going to go with B.
EISENBERG: B? Delia, how'd she do?
EPHRON: Absolutely. She's absolutely right. I could not - well, in both cases I have to lie so that's, like, not great. OK?
EPHRON: But the first one I'm passing something off that's not my own so that was like not happening for me.
EISENBERG: Absolutely not.
EPHRON: Right. And in the second case, I mean, I'm making a tuna casserole? I've never even made it. Who makes tuna casserole? I mean, I just don't even - you know. So, like, I was a little thrown by that but it seemed to me that it was better. At least I was claiming it as my own although I was lying about how I made it.
EISENBERG: You were correct.
EISENBERG: You're going great, Stephanie. Here's your next one. Your mother always commandeers the remote and makes you watch four hour marathons of "NCIS." Do you subtly suggest something not starring a gravely-voiced Mark Harmon might on? Or...
COULTON: B, tell her Mark Harmon has 12 kids by 10 different mothers and doesn't pay child support but if she wants to spend her time watching him, that's her decision?
MARTINEZ: That's funny. I'm going to go with...
EPHRON: It's true. No, I'm just kidding.
MARTINEZ: Let's see. I'm going to with A.
EPHRON: Yes. Absolutely. Because actually I do that kind of binge watching all the time and I have great respect for it. I am now obsessed with "Law and Order SVU" which I call...
EPHRON: Yes. So, yeah. SUV. And can't get enough. So, you know, yes.
EISENBERG: Your parents want to wait to celebrate your birthday until all of your siblings arrive from out of town a week later. Do you suck it up and wait? It's not a birthday without family.
COULTON: B, volunteer to pick up your sisters at the airport, then blow them off and stay home with a bottle of Riesling and a seven layer cake? Or...
GREG PLISKA: C, use the birthday party to announce that Angelina Jolie has just optioned your tell-all novel about your dysfunctional family?
MARTINEZ: I'm going to go with A.
EISENBERG: A, suck it up and wait. You're a good person, Stephanie. Delia, how did you answer?
EPHRON: You see, I wrote a novel about my dysfunctional family and it was optioned and it was made into a movie, so.
MARTINEZ: Oh, yes.
EPHRON: But not with Angelina Jolie, of course, but nevertheless. So I felt I had to be honest and answer it that way.
EISENBERG: Stephanie, you've got enough right to win a signed copy of Delia's book.
MARTINEZ: Whoo-hoo!
EISENBERG: So congratulations.
MARTINEZ: Thank you.
EISENBERG: And we got to learn so much about you, Delia. And we're going to have you later back in the show for your own challenge. Another hand for Delia Ephron.
EPHRON: Thank you.
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text:
270cm Bali Oval Dining Table with 8 Brighton Dining Armchairs
270cm Bali Oval Dining Table with 8 Brighton Dining Armchairs
- Product Description
Product Description
This beautiful and substantial garden furniture set comfortably seats 8 people in the grandest of style and comfort. The set consists of a 270cm oval dining table and tempered glass with 8 Brighton dining armchairs. To give that extra level of comfort, the armchairs come complete with fully waterproof seat and back cushions.
The furniture is manufactured using the highest grade synthetic rattan material over aluminium frames, making it ideal for use in a conservatory, but equally at home in the garden.
Bridgman's All Seasons furniture has been formally tested to withstand temperatures ranging from -70°C - +80°C and is highly resistant to all weather conditions, so it is perfect for outdoor use and requires little maintenance, just simple cleaning when necessary. Bridgman also offers a large range of matching lounging and poolside furniture.
Key features
- 10 Year Guarantee
- Waterproof Cushions
- All Weather Furniture
- Free Premium 2 Man Delivery
View in a Showroom
- Technical Details
Technical Details
- Guarantee & Returns
30 Day Money Back Guarantee
At Bridgman we pride ourselves on the quality of our products. We are aware that consumers are comprehensively covered by statutory rights, but for extra peace of mind we offer our customers a 30 Day Money Back Guarantee on Bridgman All Seasons furniture - no hassle and no questions asked. If you are not 100% happy with your purchase or no longer want it, simply return it in its original condition within 30 days of delivery for a full refund.
10 year Product Guarantee
To underline the confidence that we have in the quality of Bridgman All Seasons furniture, this product benefits from an extended 10 year domestic guarantee.
- Customer Reviews (0)
As a business with strong family values we put you at the heart of everything we do, offering you the advice that's right for you, every step of the way.
For over 40 years, the hallmark and heritage of the Bridgman name has been evident in every single piece of handcrafted, luxury furniture we make.
From our flair for innovative design to the materials we use, we promise that our furniture will be enjoyed in comfort and beauty, for generations to come.
Whether online, in our showrooms or over the phone, our staff are passionate about keeping up the high standards for which we are known.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Chiston Surname Ancestry Results
Our indexes 1000-1999 include entries for the spelling 'chiston'. In the period you have requested, we have the following 1 record (displaying 1 to 1):
Try these...
chisseworth chissey chissholm chissholme chissick chissin chissledine chisslet chissnall chissold chissum chissus chistall chistelden chistenhurst chister chistian chistie chistis chistmas chistopher chistrepeny chisui chisulden chisulle chiswell chisweye chiswick chiswicke chiswill' chiswille chisworth chit chita chitale chitaley chitcheley chitchen chitcott chitecroft
These sample scans are from the original record. You will get scans of the full pages or articles where the surname you searched for has been found.
Your web browser may prevent the sample windows from opening; in this case please change your browser settings to allow pop-up windows from this site.
Research your ancestry, family history, genealogy and one-name study by direct access to original records and archives indexed by surname.


text:
ADVANCED-RESEARCH Mailing List
For the discussion and sharing of information regarding genealogy research techniques for the intermediate to advance researcher. Discussion topics will include techniques and methodologies used to resolve brick wall problems, as well as exploring the use of difficult original sources, such as tax rolls and similar types of documents. Archives: browse or search.
For chatting about genealogy including why we love it; how it feels when you find yet another ancestor; what do you do now and how do you do it; requests for lookups; new lists, resources, and URLs; and most anything else related to genealogy.
Gatewayed with the alt.genealogy newsgroup. For general genealogical discussions. Archives: browse or search.
For anyone who wants to post their brickwalls, those most elusive ancestors you can find nothing on, and queries on where to go for further information.
For members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to share ideas and helpful hints on the how-to's of genealogy.
Genealogy Resources on the Internet - General Information / Discussion Mailing Lists
Most of the mailing list links here point to this site, wonderfully maintained for years by John Fuller. This site indexes links for all known genealogy mailing lists, including RootsWeb and others.
For genealogy help and anything else related to genealogy.
Gatewayed with the soc.genealogy.misc newsgroup for general genealogical discussions that don't fit within one of the other soc.genealogy.* newsgroups. Archives: browse or search.
Gatewayed with the soc.genealogy.methods newsgroup for the discussion of genealogy research techniques and resources. Archives: browse or search.
For anyone who has an interest in genealogy. This list hopes to provide tips about obtaining genealogy records and is useful for both beginning genealogists and experts. Archives: browse or search.
More than 100 mailing lists for history and social science. For historical research, not to post surname queries.
Internet_Genealogy Mailing List
For students of Marthe Arends' Practical Internet Genealogy series of courses at Virtual University. Archives: browse or search.
A continuation of the oldest genealogical email list on the Internet, ROOTS-L, formerly hosted at RootsWeb. Historical archives (1987-2020) can be still be found on RootsWeb: https://lists.rootsweb.com/hyperkitty/list/roots.rootsweb.com/.
Yahoo! Groups - Ancestor Hunters
We promote free genealogy. Bringing people together to help them find their roots, explore common family history and discover distant ancestors. A center for genealogical information exchange and a forum for family research. Are you looking for them, are you interested in how they lived.
Mailing Lists » General Mailing Lists
17 Links


text: Beatrice the Turkey Thursday, March 31, 2011 Beatrice: Note how she was debeaked at the factory Beatrice came from a commercial turkey farm, but was spared the usual fate when she was purchased live and given as a Thanksgiving gift to a man on Staten Island, NY. Unable to care for this rapidly-growing bird, he passed her to Carolyn, a local wildlife rehabber. In the two weeks that Carolyn cared for Beatrice, she followed her around everywhere and loved to be showered with attention. "It was like having another dog!" she said. Carolyn called WFAS in search of a loving home for Beatrice and we were thrilled that we had room for her. Since Beatrice arrived less than a week ago, staff and volunteers have been charmed by her friendly and affectionate nature. She loves to be around people and often sits to have her beautiful, white feathers stroked. After spending some time with Beatrice, one of our new volunteers proclaimed, "I'll never eat turkey again. I'll probably become vegan after this experience." Welcome home Beatrice!


text:
When recording audio or playing a software instrument in Logic Pro X, you might experience a slight delay between playing or singing a note and when you hear the sound from your speakers or headphones. This delay is called input monitoring latency. A variety of factors contribute to input monitoring latency, including:
- The input and output (I/O) buffer size setting in Logic Pro
- The analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion processes
- Any audio interface software that you're using
- The sample rate of your project
- Plug-ins inserted on tracks in your project
Though you can't change the amount of input monitoring latency produced by the A/D and D/A conversion processes or by your audio interface's software, you can set the sample rate of your project and adjust the I/O buffer size to minimize latency. You can also manage latency caused by plug-ins using Low Latency Mode while recording.
Set the sample rate of your project
Set the sample rate for your project when you first create it. Higher sample rates result in less input monitoring latency. However, projects with higher sample rates create larger audio files, which can increase the load on the processor and the disk in your Mac. Plug-ins also require more processing power at higher sample rates.
You can't change the sample rate of a project after you've created it.
Adjust the I/O buffer size
The I/O buffers temporarily store some of the incoming and outgoing audio data to protect against audible dropouts, clicks, or pops. You can change the I/O buffer size at any time to minimize latency.
In Logic Pro, smaller I/O buffer sizes reduce input monitoring latency. However, smaller buffer sizes require more processing power, which can cause system overload alerts. Larger I/O buffer sizes require less processing power, but increase latency.
When recording, set the I/O buffer to the lowest setting. If you encounter system overload alerts, increase the I/O buffer size to the next setting. Projects with many tracks or a lot of software instruments require higher I/O buffer sizes, depending on the amount or RAM and the speed of the processor in your Mac.
To change the I/O buffer size:
- Choose Logic Pro X > Preferences > Audio.
- Click Devices.
- Choose the buffer size from the I/O Buffer Size pop-up menu. If you're using a USB interface, set the I/O buffer size to no less than 128 samples. For Thunderbolt interfaces, you can set the I/O buffer size to the lowest setting.
Logic Pro shows the resulting latency under the I/O Buffer Size menu. Roundtrip latency is the total amount of input monitoring latency you'll experience from audio input to audio output.
Turn Low Latency Mode on to manage plug-in latency
Certain plug-ins can contribute to input monitoring latency, particularly dynamics plug-ins with look-ahead functions. If you're using these kinds of plug-ins in a project, you can minimize the latency they produce while recording using Low Latency Mode.
Low Latency Mode bypasses plug-ins as needed, so the amount of latency doesn't exceed the Limit setting in the Plug-in Latency section of the General Audio preferences of Logic Pro. Low latency mode is especially useful when you want to record a software instrument in a project that includes latency-inducing plug-ins.
To turn Low Latency Mode on, choose Record > Low Latency Mode.


text:
Part I Overview Information
Department of Health and Human Services
Participating Organizations
National Institutes of Health (NIH), (http://www.nih.gov)
Components of Participating Organizations
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), (http://www.nida.nih.gov)
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), (http://www.nimh.nih.gov)
Title: Health Disparities in HIV/AIDS: Focus on African Americans (R01)
Announcement Type
This is a reissue of PA-06-069, which was previously released November 10, 2005.
Update: The following update relating to this announcement has been issued:
NOTICE: Applications submitted in response to this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) for Federal assistance must be submitted electronically through Grants.gov (http://www.grants.gov) using the SF424 Research and Related (R&R) forms and the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
This FOA must be read in conjunction with the application guidelines included with this announcement in Grants.gov/Apply for Grants (hereafter called Grants.gov/Apply).
A registration process is necessary before submission and applicants are highly encouraged to start the process at least four weeks prior to the grant submission date. See Section IV.
Program Announcement (PA) Number:
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Number(s)
93.279, 93.242
Key Dates
Release/Posted Date: December 7, 2006
Opening Date: January 5, 2007 (Earliest date an application may be submitted to Grants.gov).
Letters of Intent Receipt Date(s): Not Applicable.
NOTE: On time submission requires that applications be successfully submitted to Grants.gov no later than 5:00 p.m. local time (of the applicant institution/organization).
Application Submission/Receipt Date(s): Standard dates apply, please see http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm
AIDS Application Submission/Receipt Date(s): Standard dates apply, please see http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm#AIDS.
Peer Review Date(s): Standard dates apply, please see http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm#reviewandaward
Council Review Date(s): Standard dates apply, please see http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm#reviewandaward
Earliest Anticipated Start Date(s): Standard dates apply, please see http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm#reviewandaward
Additional Information To Be Available Date (URL Activation Date): Not Applicable
Expiration Date: January 3, 2009 (now January 8, 2009 per NOT-OD-07-093)
Due Dates for E.O. 12372
Not Applicable
Additional Overview Content
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
Part I Overview Information
Part II Full Text of Announcement
Section I. Funding Opportunity Description
1. Research Objectives
Section II. Award Information
1. Mechanism of Support
2. Funds Available
Section III. Eligibility Information
1. Eligible Applicants
A. Eligible Institutions
B. Eligible Individuals
2. Cost Sharing or Matching
3. Other-Special Eligibility Criteria
Section IV. Application and Submission Information
1. Request Application Information
2. Content and Form of Application Submission
3. Submission Dates and Times
A. Submission, Review, and Anticipated Start Dates
1. Letter of Intent
B. Submitting an Application Electronically to the NIH
C. Application Processing
4. Intergovernmental Review
5. Funding Restrictions
6. Other Submission Requirements
Section V. Application Review Information
1. Criteria
2. Review and Selection Process
A. Additional Review Criteria
B. Additional Review Considerations
C. Sharing Research Data
D. Sharing Research Resources
3. Anticipated Announcement and Award Dates
Section VI. Award Administration Information
1. Award Notices
2. Administrative and National Policy Requirements
3. Reporting
Section VII. Agency Contacts
1. Scientific/Research Contact(s)
2. Peer Review Contact(s)
3. Financial/Grants Management Contact(s)
Section VIII. Other Information - Required Federal Citations
Part II - Full Text of Announcement
Section I. Funding Opportunity Description
1. Research Objectives
Supporting research to advance understanding of the development and progression of diseases and disabilities that contribute to minority health and other health disparities is a major goal of National Institutes of Health's strategic research plan to reduce and ultimately eliminate health disparities. There are few areas that are more critical to improving the Nation's health than understanding the disparities in HIV/AIDS in minority populations. Furthermore, high rates of new HIV infections among African Americans and differences in survival rates for HIV infected African Americans require focused research to understand the factors leading to disparities and to develop interventions to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS and its consequences.
African Americans in the U.S. are greatly over-represented among persons affected by HIV/AIDS and other infections (e.g., hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections). The purpose of this Program Announcement is to encourage drug abuse and mental health research on HIV/AIDS among African Americans. Drug abuse research is encouraged on: 1) the relationship between drug abuse and the incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS and AIDS-related morbidity and mortality among African Americans; 2) effective HIV prevention, intervention and treatment programs and services for African Americans; 3) the nexus of criminal justice involvement, drug abuse, and HIV/AIDS among African Americans. Mental health research is encouraged on: 1) co-occurring psychosocial health problems or psychological cofactors and HIV risk; 2) mental illness risk for HIV infection; (3) mental health correlates to substance abuse in HIV infection; 4) impact of severe mental illness and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities in the context of HIV; 5) best practices for prevention, behavioral intervention and treatment of HIV/AIDS based on research evidence; 6) effective service delivery for mental health and for HIV disease. Topics of interest include but are not limited to studies to characterize the extent and nature of the disparities in the rates HIV infection and occurrence of co-infections and comorbid conditions among drug using African Americans (taking into account age, gender, education, sexual identity, geographic region, socio-economic status, etc.). In addition studies investigating progression of disease, including the relationship to treatment and services availability and utilization by African Americans are encouraged. Studies are also needed to characterize risk and protective factors in order to develop culturally sensitive prevention interventions to reduce acquisition and transmission of HIV and to minimize health consequences associated with HIV infection and comorbid conditions.
Background and Significance:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV/AIDS surveillance data have identified HIV/AIDS as a health crisis for African Americans. In 2001, HIV/AIDS was among the top three causes of death for African American men 25-54 years of age and among the top four causes of death among African American women 25-54 years of age. HIV/AIDS was the leading cause of death among African American women aged 25-34 years compared to being the sixth leading cause of death in all women aged 25-34. Of persons diagnosed with AIDS since 1995, a smaller percentage of African Americans (60%) were alive after nine years compared with whites (70%). This difference in survival for African Americans may in part be accounted for by data that African Americans predominate among late testers; 56% of those receiving an AIDS diagnosis within one year of testing positive for HIV were African American. Late testers represent lost opportunities for treatment and prevention. Although African Americans comprise approximately 12% of the U.S. population, they account for a growing number of HIV/AIDS cases. In 2003, fifty percent of estimated new HIV/AIDS cases were African Americans. Through 2001, African American youth aged 12-24 accounted for 56% of HIV infections ever reported in this age group.
Since the AIDS epidemic began, drug abuse has fueled the epidemic. Injection drug use (IDU)-associated AIDS has affected racial and ethnic minorities disproportionately. Injection drug use is the second leading cause of HIV infection for African American women and third leading cause of infection for African American men. Non-injection drug use is also strongly associated with HIV/AIDS in inner-city communities. In addition, substance abusers are more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors such as unprotected sex when they are under the influence of drugs. Furthermore, African Americans experience disproportionate rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and the presence of certain STDs can increase the likelihood of contracting HIV by 3-5 fold and can also increase the risk of transmitting HIV. Sexual network analysis has shown that the higher prevalence of STDs in African Americans is a function of intraracial sexual network effects, i.e., high numbers of sexual contacts between those in the core and periphery, as well as interracial effects, i.e., African Americans are relatively segregated from other racial and ethnic groups.
Since the start of the AIDS epidemic through 2003, men who have sex with men (MSM) have accounted for two thirds of AIDS diagnoses in men. Approximately one third of MSM living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2003 were African American. There is a high prevalence of HIV among young African American MSM--a CDC survey in seven cities during 1994-1998 found an HIV prevalence rate of 14% in African American MSM aged 15-22. A recent study found that young MSM are unlikely to be aware of their HIV status. This is especially true for young African American MSM; 9 out of 10 HIV+ young African American MSM compared to 6 out of 10 HIV+ white MSM were unaware of their HIV infection. African American MSM are also much more likely to have sex with women than other MSM, and their female partners are usually unaware that these men are MSM because African American MSM may not self-identify as gay or bisexual despite having sex with other men. The link between drug use and HIV risk behavior among MSM is well established, but more research is needed to better understand substance use and HIV risk behavior among African American MSM.
Moreover, the criminal justice system has an over representation of African Americans, as well as a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases, including HIV, hepatitis, STDs, and tuberculosis (TB). Arrestees have been found to have a high prevalence of substance abuse. Of juveniles arrested in 1999, approximately 72% were white, 25% African American, and 3% other racial/ethnic groups. However, minority youth were much more likely to be detained; residential placement was 40% African American and 18% Hispanic. Adult jail and prison populations also have an over representation of minorities. In 2000, the adult incarcerated population was 46% African American, 36% white, 16% Hispanic, and 2% other. All adults and the majority of juveniles lose access to usual public and private health care and disease prevention systems upon being incarcerated. Many also experience restrictions to public health care services upon release of their incarceration. Thus, incarcerated populations present unique challenges and unique opportunities for public health interventions to prevent and/or treat substance abuse, HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases as well as other comorbid conditions.
These and other findings highlight the need for better understanding of the epidemiology, prevention and treatment service needs related to drug abuse, mental health, and HIV/AIDS among African Americans.
Specific Areas of Research Interest
Applicants are encouraged to consider multidisciplinary approaches, as appropriate, in their study designs, drawing from the behavioral, biomedical, and social sciences, and utilizing both qualitative and quantitative measures and methods. Research sought under this PA is organized under four broad headings: cross-cutting issues, HIV/AIDS and drug abuse issues, intersection of HIV/AIDS and criminal justice involvement, and HIV/AIDS and mental health issues. Suggested research topics on priority areas are listed under each heading, but research supported under this PA is not limited to these topics
Cross-cutting Issues—A number of broad research topics on the disparities in HIV/AIDS seen in African Americans, the bases for these disparities, and interventions to reduce these disparities are of interest to both the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National institute of Mental Health:
HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse Issues—African Americans, particularly those of lower socioeconomic status, drug users, and those with HIV/AIDS have frequently been marginalized by society. Given the changing demographics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, it is imperative that research efforts be devoted to addressing HIV/AIDS in African Americans who use drugs of abuse.
HIV/AIDS and Related Mental Health Issues--The Center for Mental Health Research on AIDS of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/dahbr/dahbr.cfm) has a long history of concern and action related to health disparities in African-Americans as well as in other racial/ethnic populations and underrepresented groups (i.e., women, children, disabled) for both its mental health and HIV/AIDS research agendas. As HIV continues to spread, important mental health issues that have arisen in African American populations need urgently to be addressed by mental health researchers, health care practitioners and policy makers, especially the behavioral research needs and challenges of new treatments relating to AIDS as a chronic illness. There is a critical need for mental health data to help guide the development of evidence-based programs for the African American population in HIV prevention, treatment and service provision. Specific topics of research interest that address these priority areas include, but are not limited to the following:
Special Considerations:
HIV/AIDS Counseling and Testing Policy for the National Institute on Drug Abuse: Researchers funded by NIDA who are conducting research in community outreach settings, clinical, hospital settings, or clinical laboratories and have ongoing contact with clients at risk for HIV infection, are strongly encouraged to provide HIV risk reduction education and counseling. HIV counseling should include offering HIV testing available on-site or by referral to other HIV testing services for persons at risk for HIV infection including injecting drug users, crack cocaine users, and sexually active drug users and their sexual partners. For more information see https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-DA-01-001.html.
National Advisory
Council on Drug Abuse Recommended Guidelines for the Administration of Drugs
to Human Subjects: That National Advisory Council on Drug Abuse recognizes
the importance of research involving the administration of drugs to human
subjects and has developed guidelines relevant to such research. Potential
applicants are encouraged to obtain and review these recommendations of Council
before submitting an application that will administer compounds to human subjects.
The guidelines are available on NIDA's home page at http://www.nida.nih.gov under Funding, or may be obtained by calling (301) 443-2755.
See Section VIII, Other Information - Required Federal Citations, for policies related to this announcement.
Section II. Award Information
1. Mechanism
of Support
This FOA will use the NIH will use the Research Project Grant (R01) award mechanism.
The applicant will be solely responsible for planning, directing, and executing the proposed project.
This FOA uses "Just-in-Time" information concepts. It also uses the modular as well as the non-modular budget formats (see https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/modular/modular.htm).
Specifically, if you are a U.S. organization and are submitting an application with direct costs in each year of $250,000 or less (excluding consortium Facilities and Administrative [F&A] costs), use the PHS398 Modular Budget component provided in the SF424 (R&R) Application Package and SF424 (R&R) Application Guide (see specifically Section 5.4, "Modular Budget Component," of the Application Guide).
U.S. applicants requesting more than $250,000 in annual direct costs and all foreign applicants must complete and submit budget requests using the Research & Related Budget component found in the application package for this FOA. See NOT-OD-06-096, August 23, 2006.
2. Funds Available
Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. Although the financial plans of the ICs provide support for this program, awards pursuant to this funding opportunity are contingent upon the availability of funds and the submission of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.
NIH grants policies as described in the NOT-OD-05-004, November 2, 2004.
Section III. Eligibility Information
1. Eligible Applicants
1.A. Eligible Institutions
You may submit an application(s) if your institution/organization has any of the following characteristics:
1.B. Eligible Individuals
Any individual(s) with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research as the PD/PI is invited to work with his/her organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support.
More than one PD/PI, or multiple PDs/PIs, may be designated on the application for projects that require a "team science" approach that clearly does not fit the single-PD/PI model. Additional information on the implementation plans and policies and procedures to formally allow more than one PD/PI on individual research projects is available at https://grants.nih.gov/grants/multi_pi. All PDs/PIs must be registered in the NIH eRA Commons prior to the submission of the application (see http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/preparing.htm for instructions).
The decision of whether to apply for a single PD/PI or multiple PD/PI grant is the responsibility of the investigators and applicant organizations and should be determined by the scientific goals of the project. Applications for multiple PD/PI grants will require additional information, as outlined in the instructions below. The NIH review criteria for approach, investigators, and environment have been modified to accommodate applications involving either a single PD/PI or multiple PDs/PIs. When considering multiple PDs/PIs, please be aware that the structure and governance of the PD/PI leadership team as well as the knowledge, skills and experience of the individual PD/PIs will be factored into the assessment of the overall scientific merit of the application. Multiple PDs/PIs on a project share the authority and responsibility for leading and directing the project, intellectually and logistically. Each PD/PI is responsible and accountable to the grantee organization, or, as appropriate, to a collaborating organization, for the proper conduct of the project or program, including the submission of required reports. For further information on multiple PDs/PIs, please see https://grants.nih.gov/grants/multi_pi.
2. Cost Sharing or Matching
This program does not require cost sharing as defined in the current NIH Grants Policy Statement.
3. Other-Special Eligibility Criteria
Applicants may submit more than one application, provided each application is scientifically distinct.
Section IV. Application and Submission Information
To download a SF424 (R&R) Application Package and
SF424 (R&R) Application Guide for completing the SF424 (R&R) forms
for this FOA, link to http://www.grants.gov/web/grants/applicants/apply-for-grants.html
and follow the directions provided on that Web site.
A one-time registration is required for institutions/organizations at both:
PDs/PIs should work with their institutions/organizations to make sure they are registered in the eRA Commons.
Several additional separate actions are required before an applicant institution/organization can submit an electronic application, as follows:
1) Organizational/Institutional Registration in Grants.gov/Get Registered
3) Project Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) Registration in the NIH eRA Commons: Refer to the NIH eRA Commons System (COM) Users Guide.
Both the PD/PI(s) and AOR/SO need separate accounts in the NIH eRA Commons since both are authorized to view the application image.
Note that if a PD/PI is also an NIH peer-reviewer with an Individual DUNS and CCR registration, that particular DUNS number and CCR registration are for the individual reviewer only. These are different than any DUNS number and CCR registration used by an applicant organization. Individual DUNS and CCR registration should be used only for the purposes of personal reimbursement and should not be used on any grant applications submitted to the Federal Government.
Several of the steps of the registration process could take four weeks or more. Therefore, applicants should immediately check with their business official to determine whether their organization/institution is already registered in both Grants.gov and the Commons. The NIH will accept electronic applications only from organizations that have completed all necessary registrations.
1. Request
Application Information
Applicants must download the SF424 (R&R) application forms and the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide for this FOA through Grants.gov/Apply.
Note: Only the forms package
directly attached to a specific FOA can be used. You will not be able to use
any other SF424 (R&R) forms (e.g., sample forms, forms from another FOA),
although some of the "Attachment" files may be useable for more
than one FOA.
For further assistance, contact GrantsInfo: Telephone 301-710-0267, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Telecommunications for the hearing impaired: TTY 301-451-5936.
2. Content and Form of Application Submission
Prepare all applications using the SF424 (R&R) application forms and in accordance with the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide for this FOA through Grants.gov/Apply.
The SF424 (R&R) Application Guide is critical to submitting a complete and accurate application to NIH. There are fields within the SF424 (R&R) application components that, although not marked as mandatory, are required by NIH (e.g., the "Credential" log-in field of the "Research & Related Senior/Key Person Profile" component must contain the PD/PI's assigned eRA Commons User ID). Agency-specific instructions for such fields are clearly identified in the Application Guide. For additional information, see "Frequently Asked Questions – Application Guide, Electronic Submission of Grant Applications."
The SF424 (R&R) application has several components. Some components are required, others are optional. The forms package associated with this FOA in Grants.gov/APPLY includes all applicable components, required and optional. A completed application in response to this FOA includes the data in the following components:
Required Components:
SF424 (R&R) (Cover component)
Research & Related Project/Performance Site Locations
Research & Related Other Project Information
Research & Related Senior/Key Person
PHS398 Cover Page Supplement
PHS398 Research Plan
PHS398 Checklist
PHS398 Modular Budget or Research & Related Budget: Select one, as appropriate (See Section IV.6., "Special Instructions," regarding appropriate required budget component. Research & Related Budget is required for foreign applications.)
Optional Components:
PHS398 Cover Letter File
Research & Related Subaward Budget Attachment(s) Form
Foreign Organizations (Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity)
NIH policies concerning grants to foreign (non-U.S.) organizations can be found in the NIH Grants Policy Statement at: https://grants.nih.gov/archive/grants/policy/nihgps_2003/index.htm#_Toc54600260.
Applications from foreign organizations must:
Proposed research should provide special opportunities for furthering research programs through the use of unusual talent, resources, populations, or environmental conditions in other countries that are not readily available in the United States or that augment existing U.S. resources.
Applications with Multiple PDs/PIs
When multiple PDs/PIs are proposed, NIH requires one PD/PI to be designated as the "Contact" PI, who will be responsible for all communication between the PDs/PIs and the NIH, for assembling the application materials outlined below, and for coordinating progress reports for the project. The contact PD/PI must meet all eligibility requirements for PD/PI status in the same way as other PDs/PIs, but has no other special roles or responsibilities within the project team beyond those mentioned above.
Information for the Contact PD/PI should be entered in item 15 of the SF424(R&R) Cover component. All other PDs/PIs should be listed in the Research & Related Senior/Key Person component and assigned the project role of "PD/PI." Please remember that all PDs/PIs must be registered and be assigned the PI role in the eRA Commons prior to application submission. The Commons ID of each PD/PI must be included in the "Credential" field of the Research & Related Senior/Key Person component. Failure to include this data field will cause the application to be rejected.
All projects proposing Multiple PDs/PIs will be required to include a new section describing the leadership of the project.
Multiple PD/PI Leadership Plan: For applications designating multiple PDs/PIs, a new section of the research plan, entitled "Multiple PD/PI Leadership Plan" (Section 14 of the Research Plan Component in the SF424 (R&R)) must be included. A rationale for choosing a multiple PD/PI approach should be described. The governance and organizational structure of the leadership team and the research project should be described, including communication plans, process for making decisions on scientific direction, and procedures for resolving conflicts. The roles and administrative, technical, and scientific responsibilities for the project or program should be delineated for the PDs/PIs and other collaborators.
If budget allocation is planned, the distribution of resources to specific components of the project or the individual PDs/PIs should be delineated in the Leadership Plan. In the event of an award, the requested allocations may be reflected in a footnote on the Notice of Award.
Applications Involving a Single Institution
When all PDs/PIs are within a single institution, follow the instructions contained in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
Applications Involving Multiple Institutions
When multiple institutions are involved, one institution must be designated as the prime institution and funding for the other institution(s) must be requested via a subcontract to be administered by the prime institution. When submitting a detailed budget, the prime institution should submit its budget using the Research & Related Budget component. All other institutions should have their individual budgets attached separately to the Research & Related Subaward Budget Attachment(s) Form. See Section 4.8 of the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide for further instruction regarding the use of the subaward budget form.
When submitting a modular budget, the prime institution completes the PHS398 Modular Budget component only. Information concerning the consortium/subcontract budget is provided in the budget justification. Separate budgets for each consortium/subcontract grantee are not required when using the Modular budget format. See Section 5.4 of the Application Guide for further instruction regarding the use of the PHS398 Modular Budget component.
3. Submission Dates and Times
See Section IV.3.A. for details.
3.A. Submission, Review, and Anticipated Start Dates
Opening Date: Janaury 5, 2007 (Earliest date an application may be
submitted to Grants.gov)
Application Submission/Receipt Date(s): Standard dates apply, please see https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm
AIDS Application Submission/Receipt Date(s): Standard dates apply, please see http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm#AIDS
Peer Review Date(s): Standard dates apply, please see http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm#reviewandaward
Council Review Date(s): Standard dates apply, please see http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm#reviewandaward
Earliest Anticipated Start Date(s): Standard dates apply, please see http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm#reviewandaward
3.A.1. Letter of Intent
A letter of intent is not required for the funding opportunity.
3.B. Submitting an Application
Electronically to the NIH
To submit an application in response to this FOA, applicants should access this FOA via http://www.grants.gov/web/grants/applicants/apply-for-grants.html and follow steps 1-4. Note: Applications must only be submitted electronically. PAPER APPLICATIONS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED.
3.C. Application
Applications may be submitted on or after the opening date and must be successfully received by Grants.gov no later than 5:00 p.m. local time (of the applicant institution/organization) on the application submission/receipt date(s). (See Section IV.3.A. for all dates.) If an application is not submitted by the receipt date(s) and time, the application may be delayed in the review process or not reviewed.
Once an application package has been successfully submitted through Grants.gov, any errors have been addressed, and the assembled application has been created in the eRA Commons, the PD/PI and the Authorized Organization Representative/Signing Official (AOR/SO) have two business days to view the application image.
Upon receipt, applications
will be evaluated for completeness by the Center for Scientific Review, NIH.
Incomplete applications will not be reviewed.
There will be an acknowledgement of receipt of applications from Grants.gov and the Commons. The submitting AOR receives the Grants.gov acknowledgments. The AOR and the PI receive Commons acknowledgments. Information related to the assignment of an application to a Scientific Review Group is also in the Commons.
Note: Since email can be unreliable, it is the responsibility of the applicant to check periodically on their application status in the Commons.
The NIH will not accept any application in response to this FOA that is essentially the same as one currently pending initial merit review unless the applicant withdraws the pending application. The NIH will not accept any application that is essentially the same as one already reviewed. This does not preclude the submission of an application already reviewed with substantial changes, but such application must include an "Introduction" addressing the previous critique. Note such an application is considered a "resubmission" for the SF424 (R&R).
4. Intergovernmental Review
This initiative is not subject to intergovernmental review.
5. Funding Restrictions
All NIH awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Pre-award costs are allowable.
A grantee may, at its own risk and without NIH prior approval, incur obligations
and expenditures to cover costs up to 90 days before the beginning date of
the initial budget period of a new or competing renewal (formerly "competing
continuation") award if such costs: are necessary to conduct the project,
and would be allowable under the grant, if awarded, without NIH prior approval.
If specific expenditures would otherwise require prior approval, the grantee
must obtain NIH approval before incurring the cost. NIH prior approval is
required for any costs to be incurred more than 90 days before the beginning
date of the initial budget period of a new or competing renewal award.
The incurrence of pre-award costs in anticipation of a competing or non-competing award imposes no obligation on NIH either to make the award or to increase the amount of the approved budget if an award is made for less than the amount anticipated and is inadequate to cover the pre-award costs incurred. NIH expects the grantee to be fully aware that pre-award costs result in borrowing against future support and that such borrowing must not impair the grantee's ability to accomplish the project objectives in the approved time frame or in any way adversely affect the conduct of the project. See the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
6. Other Submission Requirements
PD/PI Credential (e.g., Agency Login)
The NIH requires the PD/PI(s) to fill in his/her Commons User ID in the "PROFILE – Project Director/Principal Investigator" section, "Credential" log-in field of the "Research & Related Senior/Key Person Profile" component.
Organizational DUNS
The applicant organization must include its DUNS number in its Organization Profile in the eRA Commons. This DUNS number must match the DUNS number provided at CCR registration with Grants.gov. For additional information, see "Frequently Asked Questions – Application Guide, Electronic Submission of Grant Applications."
PHS398 Research Plan Component Sections
Items 2-5 of the PHS398 Research Plan component are limited to 25 pages. While each section of the Research Plan component needs to be uploaded separately as a PDF attachment, applicants are encouraged to construct the Research Plan component as a single document, separating sections into distinct PDF attachments just before uploading the files. This approach will enable applicants to better monitor formatting requirements such as page limits. All attachments must be provided to NIH in PDF format, filenames must be included with no spaces or special characters, and a .pdf extension must be used.
All application instructions outlined in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide are to be followed, incorporating "Just-in-Time" information concepts, and with the following additional requirements:
Special Instructions for Modular Grant applications
R01 applications from U.S. institutions/organizations requesting up to $250,000 per year in direct costs (excluding consortium F&A costs) must be submitted in a modular budget format. Additional information on modular budgets is available at https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/modular/modular.htm. When submitting a modular budget, the applicant organization will include only the PHS398 Modular Budget component. See Section 5.4 of the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide for further instructions regarding the use of the PHS398 Modular Budget component.
Foreign organizations may not submit modular budgets. See NOT-OD-06-096.
Special Instructions for Applications Requesting $500,000 (direct costs) or More Per Year
Applicants requesting $500,000
or more in direct costs for any year (excluding consortium F&A costs)
must carry out the following steps:
1) Contact the IC program staff at least 6 weeks before submitting the application, i.e., as you are developing plans for the study;
2) Obtain agreement from the IC
staff that the IC will accept your application for consideration for award;
3) Include the PHS398 Cover Letter component with the application to identify the staff member and IC who agreed to accept assignment of the application.
This policy applies to all new applications, competing renewal (formerly "competing continuation") applications, resubmission (formerly "revised/amended") applications, and revision (formerly "competing supplemental") applications. See NOT-OD-02-004, October 16, 2001.
IMPORTANT NOTE: NIH has published new limitations on grant application appendix materials to encourage applications to be as concise as possible while containing the information needed for expert scientific review.
Applicants must follow the specific instructions on Appendix materials as described in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide (See https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/424/index.htm).
Do not use the Appendix to circumvent the page limitations of the Research Plan component. An application that does not observe the required page limitations may be delayed in the review process.
Note: While each section of the PHS398 Research Plan component needs to be uploaded separately as a PDF attachment, applicants are encouraged to construct the Research Plan component as a single document, separating sections into distinct PDF attachments just before uploading the files. This approach will enable applicants to monitor better formatting requirements such as page limits. All attachments must be provided to NIH in PDF format, filenames must be included with no spaces or special characters, and a .pdf extension must be used.
Foreign Applications (Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entity)
Plan for Sharing Research Data
The precise content of the data-sharing plan will vary, depending on the data being collected and how the investigator is planning to share the data. Applicants who are planning to share data may wish to describe briefly the expected schedule for data sharing, the format of the final dataset, the documentation to be provided, whether or not any analytic tools also will be provided, whether or not a data-sharing agreement will be required and, if so, a brief description of such an agreement (including the criteria for deciding who can receive the data and whether or not any conditions will be placed on their use), and the mode of data sharing (e.g., under their own auspices by mailing a disk or posting data on their institutional or personal Web site, through a data archive or enclave). Investigators choosing to share under their own auspices may wish to enter into a data-sharing agreement. References to data sharing may also be appropriate in other sections of the application.
Applicants requesting more
than $500,000 in direct costs in any year of the proposed research must include
a plan for sharing research data in their application. The funding organization
will be responsible for monitoring the data sharing policy (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing).
The reasonableness of the data sharing plan or the rationale for not sharing research data may be assessed by the reviewers. However, reviewers will not factor the proposed data sharing plan into the determination of scientific merit or the priority score.
The reasonableness of the data sharing plan or the
rationale for not sharing research data will be assessed by the reviewers.
However, reviewers will not factor the proposed data sharing plan into the
determination of scientific merit or the priority score.
Sharing Research Resources
NIH policy expects that grant
recipients make unique research resources readily available for research purposes
to qualified individuals within the scientific community after publication
(See the NIH Grants Policy Statement https://grants.nih.gov/archive/grants/policy/nihgps_2003/index.htm#_Toc54600131).
Investigators responding to this funding opportunity should include a sharing
research resources plan addressing how unique research resources will be shared
or explain why sharing is not possible.
The adequacy of the resources sharing plan and any related data sharing plans will be considered by Program staff of the funding organization when making recommendations about funding applications. The effectiveness of the resource sharing will be evaluated as part of the administrative review of each Non-Competing Grant Progress Report (PHS 2590). See Section VI.3., "Reporting."
Section V. Application Review Information
1. Criteria (Update: Enhanced review criteria have been issued for the evaluation of research applications received for potential FY2010 funding and thereafter - see NOT-OD-09-025).
Only the review criteria described below will be considered in the review process.
2. Review and Selection Process
Applications submitted for this funding opportunity will be assigned to the ICs on the basis of established PHS referral guidelines.
Appropriate scientific review groups convened in accordance with the standard NIH peer review procedures (http://www.csr.nih.gov/refrev.htm) will evaluate applications for scientific and technical merit.
As part of the initial merit review, all applications will:
Applications submitted in response to this funding opportunity will compete for available funds with all other recommended applications. The following will be considered in making funding decisions:
The goals of NIH supported research are to advance our understanding of biological systems, to improve the control of disease, and to enhance health. In their written critiques, reviewers will be asked to comment on each of the following criteria in order to judge the likelihood that the proposed research will have a substantial impact on the pursuit of these goals. Each of these criteria will be addressed and considered in assigning the overall score, weighting them as appropriate for each application.
Note that an application does not need to be strong
in all categories to be judged likely to have major scientific impact and
thus deserve a high priority score. For example, an investigator may propose
to carry out important work that by its nature is not innovative but is essential
to move a field forward.
Significance: Does this study address an important problem? If the aims of the application are achieved, how will scientific knowledge or clinical practice be advanced? What will be the effect of these studies on the concepts, methods, technologies, treatments, services, or preventative interventions that drive this field?
Approach: Are the conceptual or clinical framework, design, methods, and analyses adequately developed, well-integrated, well-reasoned, and appropriate to the aims of the project? Does the applicant acknowledge potential problem areas and consider alternative tactics? For applications designating multiple PDs/PIs, is the leadership approach, including the designated roles and responsibilities, governance, and organizational structure, consistent with and justified by the aims of the project and the expertise of each of the PDs/PIs?
Innovation: Is the project original and innovative? For example: Does the project challenge existing paradigms or clinical practice; address an innovative hypothesis or critical barrier to progress in the field? Does the project develop or employ novel concepts, approaches or methodologies, tools, or technologies for this area?
Investigators: Are the PD/PIs and other key personnel appropriately trained and well suited to carry out this work? Is the work proposed appropriate to the experience level(s) of the principal investigator(s) and other researchers? Do the PD/PIs and investigative team bring complementary and integrated expertise to the project (if applicable)?
Environment: Do(es) the scientific environment(s) in which the work will be done contribute to the probability of success? Do the proposed studies benefit from unique features of the scientific environment(s), or subject populations, or employ useful collaborative arrangements? Is there evidence of institutional support?
2.A. Additional Review Criteria
In addition to the above criteria, the following items will continue to be considered in the determination of scientific merit and the priority score:
Resubmission Applications (formerly "revised/amended" applications): Are the responses to comments from the previous scientific review group adequate? Are the improvements in the resubmission application appropriate?
Protection of Human Subjects
from Research Risk: The involvement of human subjects and protections from research
risk relating to their participation in the proposed research will be assessed.
See the "Human Subjects Sections" of the PHS398 Research Plan component of
the SF424 (R&R).
Inclusion of Women, Minorities and Children in Research: The adequacy of plans to include subjects from both genders, all racial and ethnic groups (and subgroups), and children as appropriate for the scientific goals of the research will be assessed. Plans for the recruitment and retention of subjects will also be evaluated. See the "Human Subjects Sections" of the PHS398 Research Plan component of the SF424 (R&R).
Care and Use of Vertebrate Animals in Research: If vertebrate animals are to be used in the project, the adequacy of the plans for their care and use will be assessed. See the "Other Research Plan Sections" of the PHS398 Research Plan component of the SF424 (R&R).
Biohazards: If materials or procedures are proposed that are potentially hazardous to research personnel and/or the environment, determine if the proposed protection is adequate.
2.B. Additional Review Considerations
Budget and Period of Support: The reasonableness of the proposed budget and the appropriateness of the requested period of support in relation to the proposed research may be assessed by the reviewers. The priority score should not be affected by the evaluation of the budget.
Applications from Foreign Organizations: Whether the project presents special opportunities for furthering research programs through the use of unusual talent, resources, populations, or environmental conditions in other countries that are not readily available in the United States or that augment existing U.S. resources will be assessed
2.C. Sharing Research Data
Data Sharing Plan: The reasonableness of the data sharing plan or the rationale for not sharing research data may be assessed by the reviewers. However, reviewers will not factor the proposed data sharing plan into the determination of scientific merit or the priority score. The funding organization will be responsible for monitoring the data sharing policy. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing
2.D. Sharing Research Resources
NIH policy expects that grant recipients make unique research resources readily available for research purposes to qualified individuals within the scientific community after publication (See the NIH Grants Policy Statement https://grants.nih.gov/archive/grants/policy/nihgps_2003/index.htm#_Toc54600131). Investigators responding to this funding opportunity should include a sharing research resources plan addressing how unique research resources will be shared or explain why sharing is not possible.
Program staff will be responsible for the administrative review of the plan for sharing research resources.
The adequacy of the resources sharing plan and any related data sharing plans will be considered by Program staff of the funding organization when making recommendations about funding applications. The effectiveness of the resource sharing will be evaluated as part of the administrative review of each Non-Competing Grant Progress Report (PHS 2590), See Section VI.3., "Reporting."
Model Organism Sharing Plan: Reviewers are asked to assess the sharing plan in an administrative note. The sharing plan itself should be discussed after the application is scored. Whether a sharing plan is reasonable can be determined by the reviewers on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the organism, the timeline, the applicant's decision to distribute the resource or deposit it in a repository, and other relevant considerations.
3. Anticipated Announcement and
Award Dates
Not Applicable.
Section VI. Award Administration Information
1. Award Notices
After the peer review of the application is completed, the PD/PI will be able to access his or her Summary Statement (written critique) via the NIH eRA Commons.
If the application is under
consideration for funding, NIH will request "just-in-time" information
from the applicant. For details, applicants may refer to the NIH Grants
Policy Statement Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart
A: General.
A formal notification in the form of a Notice of Award (NoA) will be provided to the applicant organization. The NoA signed by the grants management officer is the authorizing document. Once all administrative and programmatic issues have been resolved, the NoA will be generated via email notification from the awarding component to the grantee business official.
Selection of an application for award is not an authorization to begin performance. Any costs incurred before receipt of the NoA are at the recipient's risk. These costs may be reimbursed only to the extent considered allowable pre-award costs. See Section IV.5., "Funding Restrictions."
2. Administrative and National Policy Requirements
All NIH grant and cooperative agreement awards include the NIH Grants Policy Statement as part of the NoA. For these terms of award, see the NIH Grants Policy Statement Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart A: General and Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart B: Terms and Conditions for Specific Types of Grants, Grantees, and Activities.
3. Reporting
When multiple years are involved, awardees will be required to submit the Non-Competing Grant Progress Report (PHS 2590) annually and financial statements as required in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
We encourage your inquiries
concerning this funding opportunity and welcome the opportunity to answer
questions from potential applicants. Inquiries may fall into three areas:
scientific/research, peer review, and financial or grants management issues:
1. Scientific/Research Contact(s):
NIDA Contact
Lynda Erinoff, Ph.D.
AIDS Research Program
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Room 5274, MSC 9581
6001 Executive Blvd.
Bethesda, MD 20892-9581
Telephone: (301) 402-1972
Fax: 301-594-5610
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
NIMH Contact
David Stoff, Ph.D.
Center for Mental Health Research on AIDS
National Institute of Mental Health/NIH/DHHS
6001 Executive Blvd., Room 6210, MSC 9619
Bethesda, MD 20892-9619
Telephone: (301) 443-4625
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
2. Peer Review Contact(s):
Not applicable.
3. Financial/Grants Management Contact(s):
NIDA Contact
Deborah S. Wertz
Senior Grants Management Specialist
Grants Management Branch/OPRM
National Institute on Drug Abuse/NIH/DHHS
6101 Executive Blvd., Room 270
Bethesda, MD 20892
Telephone: (301) 443-6710
Fax: (301) 443-6710
Email: email@example.com
NIMH Contact
Rita V. Sisco
Supervisory Grants Management Specialist
National Institute of Mental Health/NIH/DHHS
6001 Executive Blvd., Room 6120
Rockville, MD 20892
Telephone: (301) 443-2805
Fax: (301) 443-6885
Email: email@example.com
Section VIII. Other Information
Required Federal Citations
Human Subjects Protection:
Federal regulations (45 CFR 46) require that applications and proposals involving human subjects must be evaluated with reference to the risks to the subjects, the adequacy of protection against these risks, the potential benefits of the research to the subjects and others, and the importance of the knowledge gained or to be gained (http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/45cfr46.htm).
Data and Safety Monitoring Plan:
Data and safety monitoring is required for all types of clinical trials, including physiologic toxicity and dose-finding studies (Phase I); efficacy studies (Phase II); efficacy, effectiveness and comparative trials (Phase III). Monitoring should be commensurate with risk. The establishment of data and safety monitoring boards (DSMBs) is required for multi-site clinical trials involving interventions that entail potential risks to the participants ("NIH Policy for Data and Safety Monitoring," NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not98-084.html).
Sharing Research Data:
Investigators submitting an NIH application seeking $500,000 or more in direct costs in any single year are expected to include a plan for data sharing or state why this is not possible (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing).
Investigators should seek guidance from their institutions, on issues related to institutional policies and local IRB rules, as well as local, State and Federal laws and regulations, including the Privacy Rule. Reviewers will consider the data sharing plan but will not factor the plan into the determination of the scientific merit or the priority score.
Access to Research Data through
the Freedom of Information Act:
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-110 has been revised to provide access to research data through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) under some circumstances. Data that are (1) first produced in a project that is supported in whole or in part with Federal funds and (2) cited publicly and officially by a Federal agency in support of an action that has the force and effect of law (i.e., a regulation) may be accessed through FOIA. It is important for applicants to understand the basic scope of this amendment. NIH has provided guidance at https://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/a110/a110_guidance_dec1999.htm. Applicants may wish to place data collected under this funding opportunity in a public archive, which can provide protections for the data and manage the distribution for an indefinite period of time. If so, the application should include a description of the archiving plan in the study design and include information about this in the budget justification section of the application. In addition, applicants should think about how to structure informed consent statements and other human subjects procedures given the potential for wider use of data collected under this award.
Sharing of Model Organisms:
NIH is committed to support efforts that encourage sharing of important research resources including the sharing of model organisms for biomedical research (see https://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/model_organism/index.htm). At the same time the NIH recognizes the rights of grantees and contractors to elect and retain title to subject inventions developed with Federal funding pursuant to the Bayh Dole Act (see the NIH Grants Policy Statement. Beginning October 1, 2004, all investigators submitting an NIH application or contract proposal are expected to include in the application/proposal a description of a specific plan for sharing and distributing unique model organism research resources generated using NIH funding or state why such sharing is restricted or not possible. This will permit other researchers to benefit from the resources developed with public funding. The inclusion of a model organism sharing plan is not subject to a cost threshold in any year and is expected to be included in all applications where the development of model organisms is anticipated.
Inclusion of Women And Minorities in Clinical Research:
It is the policy of the NIH that women and members of minority groups and their sub-populations must be included in all NIH-supported clinical research projects unless a clear and compelling justification is provided indicating that inclusion is inappropriate with respect to the health of the subjects or the purpose of the research. This policy results from the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Section 492B of Public Law 103-43). All investigators proposing clinical research should read the "NIH Guidelines for Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research" (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-02-001.html); a complete copy of the updated Guidelines is available at https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/guidelines_amended_10_2001.htm. The amended policy incorporates: the use of an NIH definition of clinical research; updated racial and ethnic categories in compliance with the new OMB standards; clarification of language governing NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials consistent with the SF424 (R&R) application; and updated roles and responsibilities of NIH staff and the extramural community. The policy continues to require for all NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials that: a) all applications or proposals and/or protocols must provide a description of plans to conduct analyses, as appropriate, to address differences by sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic groups, including subgroups if applicable; and b) investigators must report annual accrual and progress in conducting analyses, as appropriate, by sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic group differences.
Inclusion of Children as Participants in Clinical Research:
The NIH maintains a policy that children (i.e., individuals under the age of 21) must be included in all clinical research, conducted or supported by the NIH, unless there are scientific and ethical reasons not to include them.
All investigators proposing research involving human subjects should read the "NIH Policy and Guidelines" on the inclusion of children as participants in research involving human subjects (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/children/children.htm).
Required Education on the Protection of Human Subject Participants:
NIH policy requires education on the protection of human subject participants for all investigators submitting NIH applications for research involving human subjects and individuals designated as key personnel. The policy is available at https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-00-039.html.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC):
Criteria for federal funding of research on hESCs can be found at http://stemcells.nih.gov/index.asp and at https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-02-005.html. Only research using hESC lines that are registered in the NIH Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry will be eligible for Federal funding (http://escr.nih.gov/). It is the responsibility of the applicant to provide in the project description and elsewhere in the application as appropriate, the official NIH identifier(s) for the hESC line(s) to be used in the proposed research. Applications that do not provide this information will be returned without review.
NIH Public Access Policy:
NIH-funded investigators are requested to submit to the NIH manuscript submission (NIHMS) system (http://www.nihms.nih.gov/) at PubMed Central (PMC) an electronic version of the author's final manuscript upon acceptance for publication, resulting from research supported in whole or in part with direct costs from NIH. The author's final manuscript is defined as the final version accepted for journal publication, and includes all modifications from the publishing peer review process.
NIH is requesting that authors submit manuscripts resulting from 1) currently funded NIH research projects or 2) previously supported NIH research projects if they are accepted for publication on or after May 2, 2005. The NIH Public Access Policy applies to all research grant and career development award mechanisms, cooperative agreements, contracts, Institutional and Individual Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards, as well as NIH intramural research studies. The Policy applies to peer-reviewed, original research publications that have been supported in whole or in part with direct costs from NIH, but it does not apply to book chapters, editorials, reviews, or conference proceedings. Publications resulting from non-NIH-supported research projects should not be submitted.
For more information about the Policy or the submission process, please visit the NIH Public Access Policy Web site at http://publicaccess.nih.gov// and view the Policy or other Resources and Tools, including the Authors' Manual.
Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information:
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued final modification to the "Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information", the "Privacy Rule", on August 14, 2002. The Privacy Rule is a federal regulation under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 that governs the protection of individually identifiable health information, and is administered and enforced by the HHS Office for Civil Rights (OCR).
Decisions about applicability and implementation of the Privacy Rule reside with the researcher and his/her institution. The OCR website (http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/) provides information on the Privacy Rule, including a complete Regulation Text and a set of decision tools on "Am I a covered entity?" Information on the impact of the HIPAA Privacy Rule on NIH processes involving the review, funding, and progress monitoring of grants, cooperative agreements, and research contracts can be found at https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-03-025.html.
URLs in NIH Grant Applications or Appendices:
All applications and proposals for NIH funding must be self-contained within specified page limitations. For publications listed in the appendix and/or Progress report, Internet addresses (URLs) or PubMed Central (PMC) submission identification numbers must be used for publicly accessible on-line journal articles. Publicly accessible on-line journal articles or PMC articles/manuscripts accepted for publication that are directly relevant to the project may be included only as URLs or PMC submission identification numbers accompanying the full reference in either the Bibliography & References Cited section, the Progress Report Publication List section, or the Biographical Sketch section of the NIH grant application. A URL or PMC submission identification number citation may be repeated in each of these sections as appropriate. There is no limit to the number of URLs or PMC submission identification numbers that can be cited.
Healthy People 2010:
The Public Health Service (PHS) is committed to achieving the health promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy People 2010," a PHS-led national activity for setting priority areas. This PA is related to one or more of the priority areas. Potential applicants may obtain a copy of "Healthy People 2010" at http://www.health.gov/healthypeople.
Authority and Regulations:
This program is described in the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance at http://www.cfda.gov/ and is not subject to the intergovernmental review requirements of Executive Order 12372 or Health Systems Agency review. Awards are made under the authorization of Sections 301 and 405 of the Public Health Service Act as amended (42 USC 241 and 284) and under Federal Regulations 42 CFR Part 52 and 45 CFR Parts 74 and 92. All awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
The PHS strongly encourages all grant recipients to provide a smoke-free workplace and discourage the use of all tobacco products. In addition, Public Law 103-227, the Pro-Children Act of 1994, prohibits smoking in certain facilities (or in some cases, any portion of a facility) in which regular or routine education, library, day care, health care, or early childhood development services are provided to children. This is consistent with the PHS mission to protect and advance the physical and mental health of the American people.
Loan Repayment Programs:
NIH encourages applications for educational loan repayment from qualified health professionals who have made a commitment to pursue a research career involving clinical, pediatric, contraception, infertility, and health disparities related areas. The LRP is an important component of NIH's efforts to recruit and retain the next generation of researchers by providing the means for developing a research career unfettered by the burden of student loan debt. Note that an NIH grant is not required for eligibility and concurrent career award and LRP applications are encouraged. The periods of career award and LRP award may overlap providing the LRP recipient with the required commitment of time and effort, as LRP awardees must commit at least 50% of their time (at least 20 hours per week based on a 40 hour week) for two years to the research. For further information, please see: http://www.lrp.nih.gov/.
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A state senator who was attacked by his son before the young man killed himself says Virginia will be a model for mental health services.
"We're going to remake the system," Sen. Creigh Deeds said to the group of local mental health workers and emergency service providers Thursday in Charlottesville, The Daily Progress reported.
On Nov. 19, Austin "Gus'' Deeds repeatedly stabbed his father, then killed himself with a rifle at the family's rural Bath County home.
The younger Deeds had been released 13 hours earlier from an emergency custody order after a mental health clinician failed to find a psychiatric bed so that he could undergo further evaluation.
Last month, Gov. Terry McAuliffe signed legislation Monday that extends the length of time allotted for finding a psychiatric bed for those under an emergency custody order from six to 12 hours. And after eight hours of searching, if no private beds can be found, a state hospital will now be required to admit those under an emergency custody order.
But according to the The Daily Progress, Deeds called this year's bill "simple". Deeds added the mental health legislation is just a start.


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Cloning glitches
Cloning glitches are glitches in the Pokémon games that enable a player to make an exact copy or "clone" of a Pokémon. While a cloning glitch has been found in at least one game of each generation so far (except Generation V), the methods to achieve it vary from game to game. Most of these methods involve exploiting the relatively long save times of the Pokémon games to interrupt the saving process when only a portion of data have been saved successfully. Like most glitches, there are negative side effects, such as the potential loss of the Pokémon to be cloned or even corruption of the saved data.
| This glitch is in need of research.
Reason: Is the lost box in gen 2 VC fixable? Also, what happens if Box 1 is empty upon transporting?
You can discuss this on the talk page.
Generations I and II
There are two different methods for cloning Pokémon in the games from Generations I and II, one involving a Pokémon trade, and the other the use of the Storage System. Even though both are possible in all of the handheld games of these two generations, the trading method is mostly associated with Generation I, and the storage system method with Generation II.
Trading method
The cloning glitch most popular in Generation I involves the interruption of the trading process. As Game Link Cables for the Game Boy are unable to send and receive data simultaneously, one game cartridge first sends its traded Pokémon's data while the other receives it, and then vice versa for the second traded Pokémon. Interrupting the trade after one Pokémon was sent and the other wasn't causes the first Pokémon to be present on both games and the second one not present on either, essentially making two of the same Pokémon while making the other disappear. The interruption can be either accidental—because of dirty connectors or damaged Game Link Cables—or on purpose—by disconnecting the Game Link Cable or turning the Game Boy off.
In the Generation I games, this glitch is potentially very hazardous to the save file, because in the period of time between sending and receiving a Pokémon (or vice versa) the game saves the player's party. If the glitch is performed wrong and the game has not finished saving, the saved data will be corrupted. In Generation II this process was changed, and thus this method is not hazardous for the save file.
Box change method
Another cloning method present in the early Pokémon games involved the exploit of the Pokémon Storage System and the fact that the game needed to save every time a Box was changed. During the saving that takes place when switching the Box, first the Pokémon data on all the PC Boxes is saved, and then the Pokémon data on the player's party. In Pokémon Gold and Silver if some Pokémon are deposited in the PC before switching the Box, interrupting the saving process (turning the power off or reseting using the Virtual Console menu) at the right moment (ideally, after the "Yes/No" box disappears and before the "A" in "Saving" appears in the dialog Box, but after the Box has appeared) causes said Pokémon to be present both in the Box and the player's party. This method, unlike the trade method, allows the player to clone up to five Pokémon at the same time, as well as in Generation II, clone items by making the cloned Pokémon hold items before cloning it. In Pokémon Crystal instead the player must interrupt the saving shortly after the period in "Power" appears out in the dialog box, but before saving sound effect plays.
If the glitch is used with a game attached to Pokémon Stadium 2, there is a chance of getting strange glitch Pokémon. If the player withdraws a Pokémon and continues the cloning glitch, if the game is turned off at the right time, the cloned Pokémon will vanish and be replaced by a Pokémon with the same name, attack, and level as the Pokémon removed. Its sprite will be identical to the cloned Pokémon, but if sent into battle, it will appear as the withdrawn Pokémon. Its species name will be the same as the cloned Pokémon's and it will be able to learn all the TMs/HMs as the cloned Pokémon. However, it will evolve as the withdrawn Pokémon does.
This glitch may be used at the beginning of a game to obtain all three starter Pokémon.
|This video is not available on Bulbapedia; instead, you can watch the video on YouTube here.
If this glitch is done on the Virtual Console, and then the player uses Poké Transporter, the game will transfer Pokémon from the box the player swapped to, but the Pokémon will remain in the Virtual Console, essentially cloning them again. However, this will glitch Box 1 and make it unusable. Depositing Pokémon inside will disappear, and PokéTransporter will detect the box as empty. Moving a Pokémon into Box 1 will change its nickname to its OT (but without the first character), and delete the OT.
Storage system move method
The player can also exploit the move function within a box to clone a Pokémon. The box must not be full or it will cause the Pokémon to disappear. The player should select the Pokémon they wish to clone, select "move" and move it to somewhere else within the box. During the time that it is saving, the player should count three to five seconds then disconnect the power. This will result in a clone.
Generation III
Battle Tower
Due to improvements of the games and hardware such as the capability of the Game Boy Advance Game Link Cable to send and receive data at the same time, the auto-canceling of trades if something goes wrong, the lack of need to save while changing PC Boxes and new data corruption protection, both methods exploited in the first two generations to clone Pokémon were essentially removed for the third. While Pokémon cloning was completely absent on most games of this generation, the glitch returned in a different form in Pokémon Emerald, where the Link-Battle mode of the Battle Tower saved only the party and Bag of the player, even if they chose "no" when the game asks to; this was due to the game's need to save a massive amount of data and check connections. Like in the methods from the previous generation, if the save is interrupted at the right moment, up to six Pokémon can be cloned at one time. However, unless the player is willing to lose a Pokémon, up to five of them can be cloned at once. It is also possible to clone numerous items at once.
|This video is not available on Bulbapedia; instead, you can watch the video on YouTube here.
Generation IV
In Generation IV, a cloning method reminiscent of the methods from the first two generations appeared, involving the use of the GTS. If the Pokémon is deposited in the GTS and the connection were to be interrupted at the right time, the Pokémon in question would be both in the player's party or PC Box and in the GTS, requiring the player only to withdraw the Pokémon from the GTS to obtain the clone. In Pokémon Platinum Version, however, the glitch of cloning via GTS was removed; if attempted, the game simply reported a communication error and returned the player back to the main desk.
Due to the Wi-Fi shutdown, this method is no longer possible.
In Generation IV, if a player is trading Pokémon and one of the Nintendo DS systems is turned off at a certain time, the Pokémon that was traded to the game that was not turned off will appear in both player's parties. However, this glitch is very difficult to perform and quite commonly corrupts save data. There are reports that this method is effective in the Generation V games, but such reports are unconfirmed.
Corrupted save file
Sometimes, when a game's save file gets corrupted, the Pokémon in that save file are kept. When this happens, the game can still be saved, but the save file will be unable to be loaded. With the assistance of another Nintendo DS and Generation IV game, the Pokémon can be traded from the corrupted game. After the trade is completed, if the game is reset, the Pokémon traded from the corrupted game will be in both games, but the other traded Pokémon will be lost.
DNS abuse
In Generations IV and V, by manually specifying the DNS address so as to connect to a server other than the GTS, it was possible to clone Pokémon using features on that server. However, online services for these games were ended on May 20, 2014, thus making this method impossible.
Generation VI
The cloning glitch in Generation VI works much the same as the method in Generation I, by breaking off a trade between two nearby Nintendo 3DS systems connected via infrared connection. Depending on the timing, the first Pokémon may be cloned, the trade may complete, or the Pokémon will be erased. However, the chance of a Pokémon being erased is small and this method is not known to pose any harm to the player's save data. Most Pokémon will clone at about three seconds, although it has been observed that some held items impact the time taken to clone.
|This article is part of Project GlitchDex, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on glitches in the Pokémon games.