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Visual Studio 2010 Released
It's a big day at Microsoft today as Visual Studio 2010 officially releases. There's a lot going on with this release and I thought I'd do a big rollup post with lots of details and context to help you find your way to the information and downloads you're looking for.
Download Visual Studio 2010
First, if you want it, go download Visual Studio 2010 now. If you're an MSDN Subscriber or WebSiteSpark/BizSpark member, you can download the final release now. If not, you can download a free trial or one of the free Express editions.
- Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Professional
- Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate
- Microsoft Visual Studio Team Foundation Server
I'm running the free Visual Web Developer 2010 Express on my netbook. You can install ASP.NET 4, ASP.NET MVC 2, and Visual Web Developer 2010 Express really quickly with the Web Platform Installer.
There's an excellent page on MSDN that's cherry-picked and categorized the best VS2010 content, but I've included my own list below.
What's new in Visual Studio 2010 and .NET 4?
Buttloads. Here's the things I'm digging most.
- What's new in Visual Studio 2010 - The IDE and Editor has really shaped up nicely. I've got it installed side-by-side with by existing VS2008 with no problems. There's hundreds of new things that I can't fit here, although some favorite IDE features of mine are:
- Multimonitor support - You can drag documents or toolboxes out of the IDE and onto other monitors.
- Zoom - You can "ctrl+scroll" (press the Ctrl key while scrolling your mouse wheel) to zoom in editors or diagrams. The editor has been totally rewritten using WPF.
- Navigate To - Hit "ctrl+comma" to navigate around your files, code, variables or methods much faster than Ctrl-F.
- Code-First Intellisense - You can hit Ctrl+Alt+Spacebar to tell toggle intellisense between regular Intellisense and a more TDD-friendly style that lets you create new classes and methods without getting hassled by the editor.
- Multi-Targeting Support - You can use VS2010 to create (target) .NET 2.0, 3.0, 3.5 or 4 applications. That means you can work on existing applications and get all the new IDE features while also working on new .NET 4 apps, all with the same IDE.
- ASP.NET 4 and ASP.NET MVC 2 are included in the box. WebForms now lets you create clean markup (no more tables) that's semantically correct and CSS-friendly, even for "legacy" controls and clientids that you control. ViewState is way smaller and can be turned on and off with greater granularity. Chart controls are included as well. On the MVC 2 side, we've got Areas, Strongly-typed helpers, Templated Helpers, field validation in models, and more. Both MVC and WebForms get all the core ASP.NET 4 improvements like a smaller web.config, the new <%: %> encoding syntax, extensible output caching, preloading of web apps, session state compression and routing for SEO-friendly URLs.
- Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) gets easier with a better configuration experience for services (bothSOAP and REST) as well as new functionality around routing and discovery.
- Windows Workflow (WF) gets a massive speed increase, the flowchart services, and it's way easier to make custom services than before. It's all in System.Activities.
- Entity Framework 4 and WCF Data Services 4 (OData) - Lots of improvements in the Data space, particularly in the Entity Framework 4. There's POCO support for Self-Tracking Entities, a DDL Generation Provider for creating databases based on a model, as well as lots of improvements to the designer. Don't forget WCF Data Services, I blogged about how easy it is to implement OData recently when I made an API for StackOverflow.
- What's new in C# 4 - C# gets a lot of new features in version 4 (or Visual C# 2010 if you like) like Dynamic Support (that's the DLR, built right in), Type Equivalence, and Covariance and Contravariance which makes generics much more flexible.
- What's new in Visual Basic 2010 - Jonathan Aneja discusses the coevolution strategy, and new features like Implicit Line Continuation, Statement Lambdas, Auto-Implemented Properties, Collection Initializers and how VB uses the DLR (Dynamic Language Runtime).
- New C++ and MFC Features - What? C++? Oh, yes. Pete Brown recently dipped his feet back into C++ with VS2010 and was shocked to find how easy it was to make a Ribbon Application with MFC. In this article, Samit Kumar talks about some of the new C++0x (that's see plus plus oh ex) core language features as well as major improvements in the standard library. VS 2010 enables lambda expressions, the auto keyword, rvalue references, static_assert, nullptr and decltype. It's not your father's C++. Well, maybe it is, if your dad is a ninja.
- What's new in WPF - Pete Brown has a fantastic and deep blog post on all the new WPF4 features. There's speed updates, a better designer, Windows 7 and touch support, text is crystal clear (not blurry!), a new datagrid, pixel shaders, the Visual State Manager, WPF Tracing support in VS2010 and more.
- MEF, the Managed Extensibility Framework comes with .NET 4. You use MEF to create extensible, compose-able applications. You don't need to download anything, it's integral to the framework and it works anywhere you like, including WinForms, WPF, ASP.NET or Silverlight.
- F# is in the box - F# ships with Visual Studio 2010. There's a good Introduction to Functional Programming for .NET Developers you should check out to see how you can use F# and how it will augment and complement your current language of choice.
- Concurrency, Threading and Parallelism - Check out the Parallel Computing Dev Center and how PLinq, the Task Parallel Library and the Coordination Data Structures work. Understand how to apply parallel patterns with .NET 4 with this awesome whitepaper. There's also major improvements in the Profiling Tools, including a Concurrency Visualizer for seeing how Multithreaded apps really behave. View their threads and how those threads migrate across cores.
- Team Foundation Server - Previously, installing TFS was, ahem, challenging. Today, I've seen people install TFS in 6 minutes with VS2010. Some say they can do it in 3. The point is, it's easy to install now along with lots more new features.
Also, there's a FREE e-Book called "Moving to Visual Studio 2010" that you might want to check out. It's an excerpt of a larger book that'll be coming from MSPress later this summer. It takes a interesting approach as it has three parts, moving from VS2003, moving from VS2005, and moving from VS2008. It's clever, actually. You start in the book on the version that you're currently on. If you're not familiar with versions like VS2008, you start at the beginning. Otherwise, you jump ahead. When you're done, you're ready to move to VS2010.
MSDN and Visual Studio 2010
When a new product launches, MSDN launches with updates and new features of its own. Here's a few things the folks at MSDN have been doing to support the launch.
- Better MSDN Search - Most people likely use a search engine to search MSDN, but if you do search from within MSDN, there are a number of new improvements. You can refine by source, saying only search blogs, or only search the library. There's also an OpenSearch provider so you can search the MSDN Library directly from within Windows itself.
MSDN Search also includes Metadata from the results to help you find right thing. For example, if a search turns up a CodePlex project, I can see type-specific details within search results:
- MSDN Subscriber Downloads Improvements - There's been lots of UX improvements including as-you-type filtering as well as filtering by platform (x64, etc) and language. I will very likely not need to download Quechua Windows, so now I don't need to see it.
- MSDN Library in Lightweight and ScriptFree - You can choose between three flavors of MSDN Library, Classic (the one with the treeview on the side), Lightweight (what I use) or ScriptFree. ScriptFree is great for mobile devices, and it's lightning fast anywhere. Lightweight is the new default and I like it because it features community annotations made to the library prominently on the left side as well as a tabbed interface for code sample languages. I blogged a preview of this work last year and included some charts and graphs showing the improvements in speed worldwide.
- Integration of all VS sites - There were too many developer "centers" on MSDN and folks were getting lost. Many centers have been conflated into a clearer, more logical layout. The Visual Studio, Team System, and VS Extensibility Centers were merged into the single Visual Studio Center. There's a lot more focus on discoverability in the Visual Studio Center.
- Video Improvements - There's thousands of How Do I? videos on MSDN and they tell me they are improving the backend, the player and the metadata around them. The player is larger now, you can share videos from MSDN on your favorite social networking site, rate them, leave comments, and explore related videos.
- Profile Activities - User Profiles are integrated between sites and you can see your activity and points as you move through the system. For example, here's Arnie Rowland's profile. You can see his activity in the forums and galleries as well as his ranking and points as a community contributor.
Other Cool Stuff Happening Today
I'd hate to have this little nugget get buried in the deluge of VS2010 goodness.
- The Surface Toolkit for Windows Touch BETA goes out today. Check out http://www.surface.com under Technical Resources and the Surface Blog for more details. This toolkit is a set of controls and sample code that let WPF developers create cool multi-touch enabled experiences with the cool "Surfacey" controls that the only folks with Big Ass Tables have been able to use. This is exceedingly cool because it not only makes it WPF devs can make better multi-touch apps for Windows Touch PCs but it acts as a jump-start for the next version of Microsoft Surface. It will integrate with Visual Studi0 2010 and give you new project and item templates and a dozen new controls like the ScatterView and SurfaceInkCanvas. This is a cool thing, so I'll be talking about it soon, as will Pete Brown.
Lots of great stuff going on today. Have fun!
About Scott
Scott Hanselman is a former professor, former Chief Architect in finance, now speaker, consultant, father, diabetic, and Microsoft employee. He is a failed stand-up comic, a cornrower, and a book author.
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Making it in Massachusetts
Reports of the death of manufacturing here, and across the country, have been greatly exaggerated.
|Barry Bluestone (left), dean of the Center for Urban and Regional Policy at Northeastern University,
and Michael Tamasi (right), owner of AccuRounds and a leading manufacturing industry voice.
when the great recession battered employment across the country, manufacturing jobs—already on a decades-long slide—took a big hit. In Massachusetts, of the 300,000 manufacturing jobs the state had in 2007, nearly 50,000 disappeared. But a new report on manufacturing in Massachusetts has some good news amidst the recession gloom.
The study, commissioned by The Boston Foundation and led by Barry Bluestone, dean of the Dukakis Center for Urban and Regional Policy at Northeastern University, found that manufacturing employment in the state has largely stabilized since 2009, while the sector's productivity and output have increased markedly. Add to that an aging manufacturing workforce, and the report projects that there will be 100,000 job openings in the sector over the next decade. Indeed, one of the major conclusions of the study, based on a survey of about 700 manufacturing firms and interviews with nearly 60 company CEOs and managers, is that the state must ramp up its education and training pipeline to ensure an adequate supply of skilled labor to meet the looming employment demand.
The report is a follow-up to a 2008 study, titled "Staying Power," which was completed just before the recession began pummeling manufacturing. "Manufacturing in Massachusetts has survived the Great Recession and, if anything, appears to be in a better position today than in 2007 to prosper into the future," says the new report, "Staying Power II: A Report Card on Manufacturing in Massachusetts 2012."
The federal government has launched an advanced manufacturing initiative, and the state followed suit last year with a Massachusetts-focused effort aimed at boosting the state's high-end manufacturing industry. In September, in conjunction with the release of the new Northeastern University report, state officials announced a new promotional campaign to make young people, schools, and families aware of opportunities in manufacturing, where the average worker earns $75,000 a year.
The report was released in September at an event attended by Gov. Patrick and other state leaders at AccuRounds, an Avon-based precision manufacturing firm. The company is owned by Michael Tamasi, a leading industry voice involved in efforts to sustain and grow manufacturing in Massachusetts. Bluestone, meanwhile, has more than just an academic interest in American manufacturing. He grew up in Detroit and his father was top official in the United Auto Workers union.
I sat down to talk about the future of manufacturing in the state with Bluestone and Tamasi at the Dukakis Center offices. What follows is an edited transcript of our conversation. — MICHAEL JONAS
commonwealth: When talking about the manufacturing sector here in Massachusetts some people might say, "What manufacturing sector?" Give us a sense of manufacturing here today.
barry bluestone: During World War II, Massachusetts had over 800,000 workers in manufacturing, about 43 percent of the workforce. It was actually a greater share of jobs in Massachusetts than in Michigan. After the war, of course, much of that employment declined, and then we had a sharp decline until the mini-computer boom [in the 1970s and 1980s]. For about 15 years, we were able to maintain our employment. After that we had a sharp, sharp decline, to the point where in the early part of the last decade, from 2000 to 2006, we were losing 15,000 manufacturing jobs a year. Nonetheless, today we still have a quarter of a million people in manufacturing. And, indeed, we've had about that level for the last two-and-a-half years, despite the Great Recession. In fact, this is one of the longest periods of time with no decline in manufacturing since the 1970s. Those 250,000 workers are all over the state. They're in a range of industries. It's not just high tech, it's plastics extrusion, it's metal cutting, metal bending, it's medical devices. It's still food, beverages, and, of course, aerospace, computers, and electronics. So it's a broad-based industry. The way I like to say it is that there was no doubt that we're going to lose a lot of manufacturing that simply couldn't compete any longer in a global economy. What's left here, however, is very competitive and very solid, and will survive for the long run and possibly even grow.
cw: You've studied manufacturing in the US for many years, and for much of that time hasn't it been a pretty grim story?
|Tamasi, right, with Gov. Deval Patrick and Lt. Gov. Tim Murray.
bluestone: I wrote a book in 1982 with my late colleague Ben Harrison, called The Deindustrialization of America. It was written by a kid who grew up in Detroit and a kid who grew up in Jersey City, and we were watching our cities fall apart. That was a sobering experience, and most of my academic work has been about the decline in manufacturing. When we started our first report on manufacturing in Massachusetts in 2007, I fully expected to find an industry that continued to decline and that might disappear in the next two decades. So I was more surprised than most with what we found. The research for the original "Staying Power" report was completed in November 2007. The report suggested that after decades of declining employment and shrinking of shared state output, manufacturing in Massachusetts was gaining strength. But only four weeks after the research for the report was completed, America slipped into a recession. By July 2008, the economy was shrinking and unemployment was rising rapidly. Led by the auto industry, manufacturing was in free fall. Our forecast of a manufacturing renaissance very soon looked way too sanguine. We considered offering the advice of [Saturday Night Live character] Emily Litella —"never mind". When we did this new assessment, I wasn't sure what we'd find. Employment had fallen much faster than we thought. The Great Recession in many parts of the country continues, though things are a little bit better here. Then we looked at all the data and we come to the conclusion that we were not that far off in 2008: Though manufacturing was hit hard in the meantime by a very bad recession, it has largely stabilized and there are some very healthy signs about its future.
bluestone: Absolutely. It's been a continuous shake-out with the exception of that mini-computer boom.
cw: You wrote in the new report that the manufacturing industry has not only survived the recession, but it's in a better position today in some ways to prosper than in 2007. What's that based on?
bluestone: We've had tremendous improvements in technology. The firms that have survived are using the latest technology and are creating state-of-the-art products. Those products not only have a market here but, increasingly, a national and international market. And so they're in a good competitive position, both nationally and internationally.
cw: So in some ways we're in a strong position because there's been kind of a Darwinian culling of the herd in manufacturing?
bluestone: Exactly. Those who couldn't make it, didn't. The report says if we had continued to decline at the rate taking place from 2000 to 2006, the last manufacturing job in the state would disappear in the spring of 2025 or something like that. That's not going happen.
michael tamasi: More recently, in the last two to three years, we've started to see a reshoring effort, believe it or not. Work is coming back to this country. In my company we've seen work come back from Europe to the United States. Also, the cost of living increases in China are accelerating at a much faster pace than we ever anticipated. A report last year stated that by 2015 they're going to be on par wage-wise with the US. That's decades sooner than we ever thought. And our innovativeness and our creativity has taken over. In the first manufacturing report [in 2008], Barry said manufacturing had the "Rodney Dangerfield syndrome."
cw: Meaning what?
bluestone: Meaning that we just didn't get any respect. People really didn't truly understand what manufacturing was all about. You know: dirty, dark, dingy, oily. Those days are gone, long gone. If you have that type of environment, you're out of business.
cw: So what's the picture today?
tamasi: The picture today is state-of-the-art technology, ultra-clean facilities, with technical talent far superior to most places in the world. And we have a lean manufacturing system that overlays our production facilities. By integrating all those activities and having involvement and empowerment and teamwork, you're able to do great things. You can outperform the rest of the world if you attack it the right way. And we've been successful doing it. We've tripled revenue and doubled employment in the last 10 years at AccuRounds.
cw: How many people do you employ?
tamasi: Right now we're at 72. We're generating revenue at a rate of $11 million a year right now, and our target is to double that over the next five years.
bluestone:: Our best estimate of what has happened to productivity in the Massachusetts' manufacturing sector between 2007 and 2011 has been almost 9 percent growth in output per person-hour, per year. And so what you have is rising wages abroad [principally in China], rising productivity here. Rising productivity offsets your wage costs. In terms of employment levels, it's a race between how rapidly you get productivity increases and how fast you're increasing your sales. So if you can triple your sales, you can have that kind of boost in productivity and still increase employment. That is what is very exciting. In the past, I think what happened is we were boosting our productivity, but we were not boosting our revenue, our sales. And therefore we just needed fewer workers. Speaking as an economist, the productivity is absolutely critical in order to remain competitive. But in order to not just boost revenue and the share of output in the manufacturing sector in Massachusetts, but to boost employment, you need to have a real significant national and international sales effort. And that's what we're seeing.
tamasi: But because there hasn't been attention on manufacturing, and a lack of people interested in being trained to come into our industry, a huge number of replacement workers are going to be needed over the next decade or two.
bluestone: 100,000 just in Massachusetts over the next ten years.
cw: The report talked about a graying of the manufacturing workforce.
bluestone: In 2000, 40.5 percent of the manufacturing workforce in Massachusetts was age 45 or above. In 2010, it was 54 percent. So you've got a huge number of people who are going to retire soon. You also have people who are in the industry for awhile and then leave for other sectors. So we estimated that, between retirements and normal turnover, about 98,000 jobs will open up between now and 2022, or about 9,800 jobs per year.
cw: There's now a need for a really robust training and talent pipeline. How can companies address that?
tamasi: Companies need to be involved. Our company and a lot of companies in our associations have gotten into the middle schools, high schools, voc-tech schools, and tried to get the word out that there's a great opportunity for a nice living if you like to work with your hands or you have an engineering mind. The governor appointed me to the STEM advisory council for the state a couple years ago. We're very focused. I'm the co-chair of the public awareness subcommittee. We're focused on 5th to 8th grade students. There's a STEM [Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics] summit at Gillette Stadium this fall. We're getting respect finally. There are stories almost on a daily basis that I read locally and nationally that are positive about manufacturing, versus the negative that we've been reading about for the last 20 years.
bluestone: From the point of view of somebody who's concerned about the workforce, you have, on the one hand, this recruitment challenge that Mike and virtually all of the other manufacturers face. And it's a little harder here than in the rest of the country because our manufacturing sector is more technologically savvy. If you take a look at the US versus Massachusetts, in the US, 16 percent of the people in manufacturing work as managers of some kind. In Massachusetts, it is 21 percent. Nationwide, about 55 percent of the manufacturing workforce is classified as blue collar. It's only 42 percent here. So we're using more people with engineering and science backgrounds. But at the same time, unlike some other sectors that have been growing, where everybody says, well you have to go to Northeastern or Harvard, most people in manufacturing don't need to do that. In fact, our best estimate is that in Massachusetts, close to half of the [manufacturing] workforce will require no more than a high school degree, about 14 percent will require some college but less than a BA, while about 20 percent of the jobs will require a four-year degree or more. That's very different than finance or advertising or other fields. About half of young people in this state don't get a four-year college degree, so here is a chance for young people to get very good jobs at good pay with good benefits. Manufacturing is our fifth largest employer. But if you look at total payroll, it's second to health care because the pay is so high—an average of about $75,000 a year.
cw: In terms of the talent and training pipeline, President Obama, in his State of The Union speech in January, made a big pitch for the revival of manufacturing in the country.
bluestone: He mentioned manufacturing eight times.
cw: And then in July, there was a report on advanced manufacturing issued by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. In terms of this challenge of training the next generation of workers, the report refers to the country's community colleges as the "sweet spot" for this. Your report raises some troubling indicators about that for Massachusetts. When firms here were asked where they look for this talent, 38 percent cited the state's vocational-technical schools, but only 13 percent cited community colleges. Are they more of a sour spot than a sweet spot?
bluestone: As we know, the governor's got a commission looking into this. Richard Freeland, who's the commissioner of higher education, has focused his attention on this issue. We need to rethink what the role of the community college is. And it could play a much bigger role in this industry. I think in the past, community colleges were thinking, well, this industry is dying or dead. We don't want to waste our time training people for this industry, we'll train them to be health care workers or whatever. I hope our report wakes people up. Even some vocational high schools have closed down some of their manufacturing, and we need to suggest to them that's a mistake. I think the governor is on board with that. I think the Department of Education understands that now.
tamasi: The community colleges are a huge opportunity. Quinsigamond Community College [in Worcester] put together a great program years ago, and they did it with the collaboration of local industry. A need existed specifically for precision machining talent and engineers. They took their engineering enrollment from under 200 to over 600. So they addressed a need, they put a program together in three different languages—in English as well as Vietnamese and Spanish. The Advanced Manufacturing Collaborative, which I'm on the executive committee of, is taking that model and looking at the seven different STEM networks across the state, and kind of partnering that up and tailoring it to each region with the community colleges and local businesses. So we're pretty excited about that.
bluestone: Part of the reason I'm so excited about manufacturing is it's employing people who are new to Massachusetts. Twenty-six percent of the workforce in manufacturing in Massachusetts is foreign-born. That's compared with 18 percent in the rest of the economy. So this is a sector which has provided tremendous opportunities for people who are coming here. Massachusetts is booming around Greater Boston, but the area outside of [Interstate] 495 still has some real problems. The Springfields, the Worcesters, the North Adamses, the Holyokes. The other thing that is exciting about manufacturing is a large part of it is outside of 495. This is part of the way these older industrial cities, or the Gateway Cities we talk about, are coming back. What's exciting is these were older industrial cities that were declining because of the decline in manufacturing. If we're correct, and manufacturing is coming back the way we see it, this is a great opportunity for the growth of parts of the state that have been left behind relative to Greater Boston.
cw: But it's not going to be textile and paper mills.
bluestone: It will be some of that. Down in New Bedford you've got some very high-end textiles and some apparel. It's not going to be all biotech. It's going to be the kinds of things that Mike builds in his shop. Plastics extrusion is growing rapidly as companies move from, as I like to say, making plastic flamingos for your lawn to medical devices that you see in every hospital. This is what excites me.
cw: So the guy was right who told Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate that was the future?
bluestone: That's right, plastics. When I look back and I see what built the middle class in America, it was manufacturing. And the reason for it is you can take people with modest education but often reasonably good skills and get them jobs that pay them a middle-class living. In the 1950s, Detroit was the single richest city in America because of that.
cw: But we've been told—and we've been telling our kids —there's no future in factories, and there's been this huge college push …
bluestone: You have to go to college, and if you don't you're life is ruined.
cw: Right.
bluestone: That's not true. It's terrific that I have tenure at Northeastern and they can't easily fire me. As a result, I feel fairly safe saying we sometimes spend too much time thinking about Northeastern and Harvard and Brandeis and BU. We have to think a lot more about our vocational schools and our community colleges. Because they can play a critical role in the next era of economic growth in the state.
tamasi: We all want our children to do well and go on to college and do great things. But there's a large population that will never go to college, so what are they going to do? We have to pay attention to them. There's a huge opportunity in manufacturing. Most of the people that work at AccuRounds right now came out of a voc-tech high school education. And they're doing tremendous work. They're working overtime, they're getting paid quite well, they have good benefits.
cw: You've said there won't necessarily be growth in manufacturing employment. Walk me through why you think that.
bluestone: In 1900, something like 30 percent of all Americans were farmers. Today, because of enormous productivity advances, it's 3 percent, feeding a population that is three times larger. In manufacturing, we're still projecting that, despite very rosy expectations that productivity will continue to grow at a rapid rate, there will be only slight reductions in the size of employment. On the other hand, we saw actually an increase in the share of total economic output in the state attributed to manufacturing. It's up to about 12 percent from 10 percent. It was falling, falling, falling, and in the last two or three years it's been growing again. Nonetheless, unless there is an absolute explosion in sales and revenue, it's hard to see a huge net increase in employment. But if we're roughly correct, that we are going to open up 100,000 job openings, our problem is not going to be unemployment in the manufacturing sector. Our problem is going to be finding enough well-trained, appropriately-skilled workers to fill those positions.
cw: We've talked about the talent pipeline. Mike, what are other concerns in terms of costs of doing business, whether it's employee costs, taxation, regulation?
tamasi: Other than finding skilled labor, which is our number one concern, the next one on the docket is health care costs. As a small manufacturer, we see double-digit increases in health care costs. Right now, we're paying 65 percent of our workers' health insurance costs, so our employees pick up 35 percent, so I think what we pay is a little better than the norm.
cw: Where do things like corporate income tax, corporate excise tax, and things like that fit in?
tamasi: Workers' comp and some of those things—they're part of doing business. We'd all like to see them be less. We understand the state's fiscal responsibility to every resident, so we want to do our part. But when things don't get used for what they're supposed to get used for, that becomes a concern. For example, the workforce training fund grant. We contribute to that, and thankfully it still is in place and funded. But when there's talk about stopping that or using it for other things, well, the employees pay for that, a small percentage of every wage paid. That should come right back to us. And we just received a workforce training fund grant to the tune of $70,000, which we'll match with $100,000 towards wages and other compensation for people coming in to train our workers.
cw: Along with the federal government, state government has launched an advanced manufacturing initiative. What role can the state play in this? Is it mostly a cheerleader, bringing people together, or are there specifics in terms of economic development programs?
tamasi: There are five major points under the state's advance manufacturing collaborative: promoting manufacturing, workforce education training, access to capital, technical assistance and innovation, and cost of doing business.
bluestone: The state actually does a lot for manufacturing. But it's often very difficult for the smaller firms, the firms not as big as Mike's, but with 10 employees, 20 employees, to access these things. If you look at the workforce training grants that Mike has just accessed, 67 percent, or two-thirds, of all firms with more than 100 employees have accessed these. But only 10 percent of firms with under 20 employees have. Using R&D tax credits, over half of firms with more than 100 workers have done so, and 30 percent of those with 20 to 100 workers have, but only 7 percent of the small firms have done this. I think part of the problem is it's cumbersome. If you have a larger company you have some staff that you can set aside, and say, hey, fill out all of this paperwork. We have to figure out a way of making those kinds of programs more easily accessible to the small or middle-size firm. That will allow them to improve their productivity, to do the training, to create new products and so forth.
cw: One thing I found interesting in the report was that Massachusetts manufacturers are much more dependent on the European market than manufacturers nationally. It accounts for 40 percent of Massachusetts sales versus 18 percent nationally, so more than double the national share. What makes Europe a much bigger market for us, and does it mean manufacturers here are much more vulnerable to convulsions in the European economy, of which there have been a few lately?
tamasi: I think people are a bit skittish about what's going on in Europe right now.
cw: Why is our market so much more Euro-centric?
bluestone: It's across our pond. Our manufacturers are closer to Europe than any other part of the United States, and so we've taken advantage of that. Europe's problems will have some impact on us, more so than the rest of the country. When you look at some of the European sectors that are very strong, they're aerospace-related because of the Airbus, they're related to autos, a lot of machining, machine tool, metal working, plastics extrusion. That's what we're very good at.cw: If we're at a point now where we're seeing that the remaining firms are more technologically intensive, paying higher wages, but mostly keeping pace in employment levels even with these huge productivity gains, does that qualify as a glass half-full situation?
bluestone: I think the way to think about it is, can manufacturing be a critical and significant and substantial part of the Massachusetts economy? Yes. Will other sectors grow faster? Absolutely. But no one should sneeze at a quarter of a million jobs in an economy with three million.

subset: commoncrawl


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From Disaster Response to the Lab: The Art and Science of Film Preservation
The 2013 Jefferson Lecturer, Martin Scorsese, is renowned for his contributions as a director, screenwriter, and producer of films. Less well known is his important work to protect and preserve motion picture history by providing support for preservation and restoration film projects. Scorsese has sponsored efforts at leading film archives to rescue hundreds of motion pictures and to raise awareness for the need for film preservation.
Recognizing that film constitutes an unrivaled resource for the study of the history and culture of the last century, the National Endowment for the Humanities has also lent its support to film preservation efforts. Film history is not confined to commercial studio productions. Some of our most precious historical materials are early educational and documentary films, industrial films, or amateur films that remain some of the only records of a particular time and place. Given the fragility of all moving image materials, the Division of Preservation and Access has made the preservation of audiovisual materials a priority.
NEH has supported the preservation of moving image collections through the process of reformatting fragile, deteriorating materials onto more stable media. It is estimated that less than 20 percent of American silent films survive and most that do are on highly flammable nitrate film stock. Consequently, an important part of our heritage has been—until recently—difficult to access. Because of the extra expense of providing sound tracks for these films and because of their limited sales potential, commercial video distributors and broadcasters rarely venture into silent film.
To help uncover this hidden part of America's cultural heritage, the NEH has supported the National Film Preservation Foundation (NFPF) in San Francisco in its efforts to produce sets of DVDs of American silent films made between 1894 and 1936. With three NEH awards beginning in 2002, the NFPF has digitally reformatted and reissued some 32 hours of silent-era documentaries, serials, shorts, and feature films through a series known as Treasures. Among the 138 rare and inaccessible works represented in the Treasures DVDs are films dealing with crime, immigration, child labor, alcoholism, and women's suffrage. Other films portray aspects of life in the American West including tourism, water, women, and Native Americans. The reformatted silent films are accompanied by newly recorded musical scores and include illustrated print volumes of scholarly commentaries by critics, film historians, and preservationists. To date, more than 15,000 copies of the Treasures DVD sets have been sold. The NFPF has also distributed hundreds of free sets to libraries and archives, including copies to all state libraries.
The Treasures series has enjoyed considerable press coverage, including more than 130 reviews and articles for Treasures 5: The West, 1897-1935, the 3-DVD set issued in 2011. Treasures 3: Social Issues in American Film, 1900-1934 (2007) was covered on websites and radio programs that rarely discuss archival publications, including ABCnews.com and NPR's Morning Edition. David Kehr of the New York Times concluded in his review that Treasures "reminds us again what a rich and wondrous body of work is the American cinema and how little of it we actually know."
Treasures has also garnered awards and inspired national and international film screenings and exhibits. Treasures 2: More Treasures from American Film Archives, 1894-1930, a survey of the first four decades of the motion picture, was honored with the National Society of Film Critics' Film Heritage Award in 2004. Two screening programs of Treasures 5: The West, 1897-1935 were featured at a 2011 festival of Le Giornate del Cinema Muto, in Pordenone, Italy, which honored the NFPF with a Le Giornate del Cinema Muto award. In order to represent the best of early American film, as well as demonstrate American commitment to film preservation, none other than Martin Scorsese recently presented copies of Treasures DVDs to French president Jacques Chirac.
Disaster Response
The recent devastation caused by Hurricane Sandy reinforced the urgency of film preservation and the need for continued support in reformatting deteriorating film onto more stable media, education and training, research and development, and disaster preparedness. At the 2012 conference of the Association of Moving Image Archivists, a plenary panel of volunteer first responders discussed the heroic effort to preserve the audiovisual materials of one small institution, Eyebeam Technology Center, located in New York City. The Center had been flooded in over three feet of toxic water. Volunteers rushed onsite to save the content stored on CDs, DVDs, and other digital media. They set up triage on the second floor that included washing and drying stations.
Many of the volunteers were students at the nearby New York University's Moving Image Archiving and Preservation (MIAP) program, which has received three awards from the Division of Preservation and Access's Education and Training grant program since 2004. MIAP is one of only three graduate-level programs in the United States devoted to training the next generation of audiovisual archivists.
NEH support has gone towards the development of the MIAP's curriculum and to the funding of student internships at moving image archives around the country. Through their internships, MIAP students have already made significant contributions to the access and preservation of humanities collections. They have brought attention to many neglected audiovisual collections where there is no audiovisual expertise and have worked on collections in institutions as diverse as the Brooklyn Botanical Garden, University of Alaska Archives, the National September 11th Memorial and Museum, Northeast Historic Film, and many others.
Staff from Eyebeam praised NYU's graduate program and acknowledged that the successful salvage effort would not have been successful were it not for the volunteer students.
Research and Development
Finally, NEH is dedicated to supporting research and development into new methods for preserving historic film. The University of Wisconsin, Madison, received an award in 2011 to conduct scientific research to create guidelines for the handling and long-term storage of nitrate motion picture film, the same format used for the silent films preserved in the Treasures series. Due to chemical degradation, nitrate film is highly combustible. Improved standards would provide a breakthrough in preserving the primary medium for motion pictures from the 1890s to 1952, as well as documentaries, early newsreels, television news, and industrial, educational, and other non-theatrical film.
In 2010, NEH gave a Research and Development award to the University of South Carolina to develop a software tool that would enable the reproduction of optical sound tracks of motion picture films directly from digital scans. Typically, the digitization of film requires a time-intensive two-step scanning process, one for image content and one for audio content. The software developed by the University of South Carolina will cut that process in half by allowing digital scans of image and audio content to occur simultaneously. The one-pass system will significantly reduce preservation costs of humanities film for large and small archives, museums, and libraries alike. These two R&D projects, and others supported by NEH, will ensure that our nation's film history will be preserved and enjoyed for generations to come.


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Mix It Up: The Leona Helmsley at Hearth
I had long heard that Hearth had a fantastic cocktail program. This came as no surprise, knowing the team behind both Hearth and Terroir, Marco Canora and Paul Grieco, and their commitment to well-sourced ingredients, hospitality, and creativity.
I was browsing the Hearth website in search of some background information and stumbled across a listing for a weekly Presidential Cocktail Party each Wednesday night. Stopping by this past week, I hoped to sample one of the several cocktails that bartender Kelley Slagle developed in honor of our former presidents, but when I inquired, she laughed and told me that the listing was from last year.
But she was undaunted.
Undaunted, Kelley pointed me to her cocktail list, which she updates seasonally, and we settled on a cocktail named after "a bitter New Yorker," Leona Helmsley, as a presidential substitute.
The bar at Hearth is small, fewer than ten seats, and the full restaurant menu is available there as well as in the dining room. Most of the patrons at the bar seemed to be dining there or waiting to be seated for dinner, but it is a calming and comfortable perch just to sip on a drink and watch the muted hustle of the restaurant move around you.
The Leona Helmsley
2 ounces Knob Creek Bourbon 1/2 ounce Aperol 1/2 ounce Amaro Nonino 3 dashes Reagan's Orange Bitters
Stir over ice, and strain into a rocks glass, with either one large rock (Kelley suggested making one with a muffin tin if your glasses will fit it), or regular ice. Garnish with a slice of apple.
403 East 12th Street, New York NY 10003 (map)
Although I didn't get my presidential cocktail, my timing was quite fortunate. Hearth hosts a series of regular wine dinners, and I learned that this coming Monday, March 1st at 7 p.m., they're hosting A Spirited Dinner, where each of the four courses (three savory and one dessert) will be served with a perfectly paired cocktail. Kelley is even making her own house Vermouth just for the occasion. Call 646-602-1300 or e-mail to reserve a seat. Cost is $95, all-inclusive.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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The BioShock Infinite Season Pass includes three DLC packs:
BioShock Infinite: Clash in the Clouds
This first add-on pack puts an intense focus on BioShock Infinite combat. Combine weapons, Vigors, Gear, Tears, and Sky-Lines in ways you never thought possible as you square off against impossible odds. This pack features 60 challenges in four brand-new environments.
BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea – Episode 1
On the eve of Rapture's fall from grace, Elizabeth enlists Booker DeWitt's services in locating a lost girl. Who is this girl Sally, what does Booker know of her supposed fate, and what is Elizabeth's connection to this mysterious child?
BioShock Infinite: Burial at Sea – Episode 2
See the world through the eyes of Elizabeth after the dramatic events of Burial at Sea - Episode One as she continues her journey through Rapture in an effort to rescue Sally. Explore new areas of Rapture built almost entirely from scratch in the BioShock Infinite engine.
As well as the instant bonus of four pieces of exclusive gear:
Please note: If you own the Season Pass, to avoid being charged twice, you must access all content from within the in-game store and must not download this content from PlayStation®Store.
Features List


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Helsinki-Vantaa Airport is located 19km (11.5 miles) north of Helsinki.
Flughafen Helsinki-Vantaa
01531 Vantaa
Dialling code: +358
Tel: +358 200 14636
Lufthansa at the airport
Lufthansa Lounges
You can relax, take forty winks or get down to some work before your next flight in the Lufthansa and Star Alliance partner lounges at all major international airports.
To the loungefinder
How to get there
Driving Directions
From Helsinki city centre, drive north along the Helsinki to Tuusula motorway (motorway 45) and follow signs for the airport.
From the west and the east, travel on motorways E18 or 50 respectively, and turn onto the northbound motorway 45, before following signs for the airport.
HSL (tel: (09) 4766 4444; www.hsl.fi) bus 615 departs from outside both terminals and runs to the city centre (journey time: 40 minutes; fare €3). Bus 620 also connects the airport to the city centre at night. Additional services run to other destinations in and around the city.
The express Finnair City Bus (tel: (09) 818 503; www.finnair.fi) links to Helsinki city centre (Central Railway Station) from outside the terminals (journey time: 30 minutes; fare: €6.30).
Taxi ranks are located in front of both terminals and include Airport Taxi (tel: 0100 4800) and Yellow Line (tel: 0600 555 555) – a full list of providers is available on the airport's website. The journey time to Helsinki is about 30 minutes, while the fare is around €50.
Car Parking
There are three parking options at the airport: Lomaparkki (long-stay parking), Pikaparkki (short-stay parking) or Bisnesparkki (parking for business travellers). The airport's website has full details on prices and booking methods.


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As an opinion writer of nearly twenty years now, thousands of reader responses over those years taught me one thing above all else, that Americans are nothing if not opinionated. No matter what side you take on any issue, you will find those who agree and those who disagree, as well as those who admittedly just don't know.
Best I can tell after years of engagement with readers all across the country and around the globe, our society breaks down into only a few categories…
- Those who think self-serving global Marxism is the future
- Those who think self-indulgent anarchy is the future
- Those who aren't aware of the present, much less the future
- Those who know history and are frightened of our future
- Those who are ready to fight for our future, driven by our past
People who think government is responsible for their happiness are not happy. People who know it is government that is stealing their right to pursue happiness are not happy either. But is anyone really good and pissed off yet?
No matter which group someone resides in, they are not happy with our current government. Congress is at an all-time low 6% public approval rating with Republicans controlling the House and Democrats controlling the Senate. Over 70% of Americans have no faith in the U.S. Supreme Court as defender of Constitutional Law and the vast majority of Americans can't even figure out who the guy is sitting in our White House "fundamentally changing America" into something it was never intended to be, part of some left-wing global Marxist experiment.
Yet, there are no real signs of any significant uprising by the American people, who still outnumber the global Marxists and illegal aliens, at least for the moment.
Divided by childish turf wars and competing pet agendas, the so-called patriotic resistance is quite frankly, a joke. No one has been able to muster even a coffee clutch march on Washington DC since 2009 and most patriot groups around back then aren't even around anymore.
In short, Americans are more focused on America's Got Talent than America's Got Freedom. Americans appear war weary before the real battle for freedom even begins, and they seem all too ready to forfeit their future, if you buy the current whining and sniveling about how "there is nothing we can do" which floods the blogosphere and email chains these days.
Are Americans really ready to forfeit?
I have been trying not to say this for five years now… hoping that at some point, all so-called patriot groups would drop their turf wars and pet agendas and unite behind the simple fundamental cause of decency, honor, freedom, liberty and justice under the rule of constitutional law. That has not happened…
There is ONE place where YOU can join with others in an effort to work together, multiplying your power in peaceful tangible strategies aimed entirely at the fundamental cause of freedom, liberty and the rule of law, not scumbag Ivy League attorney's. There are not many places, but there is at least ONE place where you can find these things if you only choose to join the ranks.
While it is true that all of the things we used to be able to rely upon, honorable statesmen, real courts that provide equal justice under the law and a pro-American administration, are absent today, it is not true that there is nothing we can do about it…
While it is true that many competing groups are driven by pet agendas, turf wars and even profit motives, it is also true that there are people in this country who are ready to stand together for freedom and liberty.
While it is true that there are retired high-ranking military officers more concerned with their pensions and tee times than the future of this country, it is also true that there are some who will give all for the cause of freedom.
While it is true that some veterans are perfectly happy to sit it out on the sidelines as long as the beer is flowing at the local VFW, there are other veterans who live by the oath they took to protect and defend the U.S. Constitution and the American people from all enemies, foreign and domestic.
The question is… where do you stand?
If you are ready to forfeit, to throw in the towel on American freedom and liberty, then you can sit it out anywhere you like. All the way back at the first American Revolution, 1/3 sat it out perfectly fine with British rule, and another 1/3 was completely unaware. The last 1/3 paid the price of freedom and liberty for all…
I suspect that not much has changed since then… Real Americans don't take an oath to stand down in the face of illegal orders — they accept an oath to rise up against all enemies, foreign and domestic. Real Americans aren't shackled by political or legal processes run amok — they toss off their chains and right their ship.
At best — only 1/3 of Americans will pay the price of freedom and liberty for all again. Are you one of them? Are we still the home of the brave? — Because if we aren't, then we are no longer the land of the free.
With more than 300 million Americans in this country today, we should have 100 million (1/3) ready to determine the future of this country peacefully and if we do, then less than a thousand corrupt politicians and lawyers in Washington DC don't have a chance. There is much we can do!
Because the broad patriot movement has been moving in opposite directions, focused on competing pet agendas and stacking up defeat after defeat for better than five years now, a very different kind of organization was formed by the type of Americans who still believe in freedom, liberty and justice for all.
This group is self-funded – very focused – totally united – capable and determined to win. It was formed by and is run by true patriots, the kind of veterans willing to give all for freedom and legal experts ready to fight evil on all fronts. All we need is more like us…. Is that you?
Most Americans will not answer any call to join the ranks of anything they suspect to be real and they will have a plethora of excuses. Some will directly attack this column for being so bold as to distinguish between sunshine patriots and real patriots. We are not looking for those kind of Americans… we are looking for a special kind of American. — The kind that founded and built the greatest nation ever known to mankind.
Is there really nothing we can do? Or are most Americans just not willing to do the things that must be done peacefully, before violent alternatives are all that remain?
Thousands of Americans have taken to the streets over the sad and tragic death of one teenager in the wrong place at the wrong time. Where are the millions of Americans who have seen the death of three thousand Americans on September 11, 2001 – or the four Americans left defenseless by our government in Benghazi – or the members of SEAL TEAM 6 that died with a target painted on their backs by Joseph Biden, Barack Obama and Leon Panetta?
What difference does it make?
Contrary to Hillary Clinton's proclamation that none of these people or incidents matter, they matter very much. They make all the difference in the world…
Are YOU the type of American who will join with others who demand answers and solutions? Or are you the type of American afraid to be associated with this type of Americans?
Are you the type of American who sits around wondering what's happening, or ignoring what's happening with a sense of defeat? Or are you the type of American committed to making the right things happen, no matter the odds? Are you the "only violence can save America" type, or the "we must do all we can before the violence" type?
Not every American is well-suited for freedom and liberty and as a result, many are willing to live in bondage rather than pay the price of freedom. What type of American are you?
I didn't bother attacking the overtly anti-American media here, because if we still had Americans in America, they would be completely irrelevant by now.
If you are sick and tired of being sick and tired, JOIN ME! We work tangible strategies at the local, state and federal level, from the legislative, legal and military sides. We are NOT a PAC because individuals should give political donations only directly to the candidates of their choice.
Our members are doing everything they can. But as Lee states it quite well, we are too few! If you are the type of American that will pay the price of freedom and liberty for all those who will never even thank you, please JOIN US! We need YOU and America needs YOU more than ever before…
Time is growing short… Be the hero you were born to be. The alternative is horrific. Don't forfeit our future… Help us decide our own destiny.
JB Williams is a business man, a husband, a father, and a writer. A no nonsense commentator on American politics, American history, and American philosophy. He is published nationwide and in many countries around the world. He is also a Founder of The United States Patriots Union and a staunch conservative actively engaged in returning the power to the right people in America. Patriots Union |·Veteran Defenders |·Archives E-Mail: email@example.com


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CraftKitsandSupplies has a large selection of Mother's Day Crafts and Supplies. Mother's Day Crafts like, Mother's Day Foam Photo Frame, Mother's Day Suncatchers, and much more.
We also carry a complete line of Beads, Birdhouse Kits, Christmas Crafts, Craft Supplies, Kids Crafts, Misc Crafts, Wood Craft Kits, and much more.


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October 22, 2012
Comfort Zone: Seat Technology Aims to Cut Fatigue
Nissan is developing "fatigue-free seats" to cut driver and passenger fatigue and make long periods of driving a pleasant experience.
Research and analysis on the human body and cars led to the "neutral posture", which humans take on in a weightless environment.
The "Comfortable seat with spinal support" has been developed utilizing ergonomic technology.
The first challenge in development was how to maintain the neutral posture achieved in a weightless environment on the seat. Through a joint research program with Yamazaki Laboratory at Keio University, using a seat simulator and a musculo-skeletal model for seating analysis, Nissan reduced loads to the smallest amount on each muscular and spinal area from the seated position.
Nissan used control of the distribution of local deformation characteristics around the seat back in its initial shape to help realize optimal support. The "Neutral Posture Concept" provides continuous support from the pelvis to the chest, working to reduce muscular and spinal loads and improve blood flow, thereby reducing fatigue over long periods.


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OS X Server is the next generation of Apple's award winning server software. Designed for OS X and iOS devices, OS X Server makes it easy to share files, schedule meetings, synchronize contacts, host your own website, publish wikis, configure Macs, iPhones and iPads, remotely access your network, and more.
Server is now an application you can add to Mavericks right from the Mac App Store. Anyone can quickly and easily turn a Mac running Mavericks into a server that's perfect for home offices, businesses, schools, and hobbyists alike.
File Sharing
- File sharing for Mac, PC, and iPad
- Standards-based AFP, SMB, and WebDAV file services
- Flexible file permissions
- Spotlight searching
Wiki Server
- Point-and-click page editor to change formatting and insert images, movies, and attachments
- Access controls
- Tags and comments
- Revision history
- Document sharing
- Quick Look previews
Profile Manager
- Configuration and management for OS X and iOS
- Over-the-air enrollment
- Mobile device management
- Web-based administration console
- Self-service user portal for clearing passcodes, remote lock and wipe
Time Machine
- Provide a backup destination for Mac computers on your network
- Deliver backup support for OS X
Mail Services
- Standards-based SMTP, IMAP, and POP server
- Push notifications
- SSL encryption
- Adaptive junk mail filtering
- Virus detection and quarantine
Calendar Server
- Share calendars, schedule meetings and events, and book conference rooms
- Standards-based CalDAV server for access from Mac, iPad, iPhone, and PC
- View availability with free/busy lookups
- Email invitations and notifications
- Push notifications
Contacts Server
- Synchronize contacts with Mac, iPad, and iPhone
- Allow multiple users to access and update contacts
- Standards-based CardDAV server
- Push notifications
Messages Server
- Secure encrypted instant messaging for your organization
- Persistent chat rooms
- Store-and-forward for sending messages to buddies who are offline
Virtual Private Network
- Highly secure remote access for your network services
- Encrypted VPN connections for Mac, iPad, iPhone, and PC
- Block-level SAN file sharing with concurrent read/write access
- Xsan volume hosting and configuration
- Volume management, storage pools, stripping, and volume mapping
- Real-time monitoring, graphs, and event notifications
- Metadata controller failover and file system journaling
Server App
- Local or remote setup
- Users and groups settings
- View real-time graphs of server usage and activity
Other great OS X Server features
- NetInstall to automate OS X installations and upgrades across your network
- Web server for hosting multiple websites
- Software Update Server automatically downloads Mac software updates and cache them locally
What's New
Version 3.1:
- Profile Manager support for the Device Enrollment Program
- Management of Fonts, AirPrint and Wi-Fi Hotspot 2.0 settings
- Improved Profile Manager scalability when syncing with large directories
- Management of Activation Lock on supervised iOS 7.1 devices
- Enhanced permissions for accessing My Device portal and for device enrollment
Intel, OS X 10.9.2 or laterUtilities
Download Now


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You might be aware that microwave ovens have hot and cold spots (thats why many of them have little turntables that spin around while your food heats), but have you ever wondered what they look like? Luckily, some folks from Robots & Dinosaurs were thinking about it as well, and decided to measure the effects once and for all.
Detecting waves in space can be pretty complicated, but luckily they happened to have a thermal camera on hand to use. To image the hot spots, they placed a wet piece of paper in the microwave, and trained the camera on it. When they turned on the oven, the hot and cool spots (caused by standing waves in the heating chamber) heated different portions of the paper differently, which the thermal camera could easily pick up. Cool stuff!
Of course, you can't really do much with this knowledge- it would be neat to know exactly where to place food to heat it the fastest, however just the act of putting different things in the chamber will completely change where the spots are. Still, it's neat to see that the phenomenon does exist!


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Hello guy i appreciate if some one can help.
i downoad djnativeswing in The DJ project
and i already run it but my simple problem are, i dont know how to modify it i want only to get the component that display the webrowser content so that i can use it in my GUI application and also i dont know where to find that controll navigation url of this djnativeswing.
this is verry usefull because if this is solve it is easy to embed webbrowser on our GUI application. it will become easy to embed flash,pdf, and video.
1)where is the code that controller of address bar? i dont want to display this in my GUI
2)where can i get the commponent that display the webbrowser?
here is the image


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New images from the Cassini spacecraft reveal rogue kilometre-sized objects punching through Saturn's F-ring as the source of 'mini-jets' seen emanating from the ring.
Saturn's narrow F-ring is already known to host a variety of dynamic features including channels, ripples and 'snowballs' that are created by the gravitational influence of nearby moon Prometheus. While some snowballs are likely broken up by collisions and tidal forces, the new images reveal five hundred separate cases where small surviving fragments punch through the F-ring, dragging icy ring particles with them.
The objects collide with the ring at low speeds of around two metres per second, resulting in 'mini-jets' that extend between 40 and 180 kilometres from the ring. In some cases the snowball impacts occur in groups, creating exotic patterns as they drag through the ring.
The new results were presented today on 24 April 2012 the European Geosciences Union meeting in Vienna, Austria.


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Life can be difficult and confusing. Sometimes the circumstances of life just don't make sense. Where is Jesus during these times? Is He speaking? He is. And He has a message for us, if we are willing to listen.
Hear the message here.
Download the accompanying outline here.
Hearing Jesus Through Circumstances
Posted: Thursday, September 08, 2016 – 11:37 AM
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Report Ad
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$896 One bedroom Apartment for rent
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San Antonio, Bexar
Texas, USA
Sublet.com Listing ID 3331611 Northwest 11 for just 896 Images are representative of the property, not necessarily the unit. Pricing and availability change daily. Call for the most updated information. 25261 San Antonio Apartments Now
- Posted on: 2017-06-26 07:05:33
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- Item ID: 8936707
Map location: 78240, San Antonio, Bexar, Texas, USA
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