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Best Carpet Cleaning Company in Blue Haven
Carpet Cleaning Blue Haven – We are providing excellent discounts on Carpet Steam/Dry Cleaning Services & Pre-Treatment, book today! ☎ on 0488 850 862. Back 2 New Cleaningprovides you best solutions for carpet cleaning in Blue Haven. With our dedicated and experienced crew, you can get not just carpet cleaning but also carpet sanitization and carpet fire and smoke restoration services from us. We provide efficient and punctual services at affordable prices. Moreover, the quality of services with an efficient pricing system makes us a leader in carpet cleaning services.
We have a wide reach covering the whole of northern, eastern, southern and western suburbs of Blue Haven. Moreover, we cover both domestic and commercial carpet cleaning Blue Haven services. We are flexible and reach your place as per your requirement. Additionally, we use eco-friendly cleaning solutions which are 100% non-toxic. Hence, we are a Back 2 New Cleaning you can rely upon.
Importance of Carpet Cleaning Blue Haven
- Carpet forms the top layer of our floor. We walk over them, our pets keep on treading over those and kids of our home keeps on rushing over them. Additionally, dust from the base of your shoes, fur and dandles from your pets keep on accumulating over them. Dust from the outdoors also adds on to the nasty factor in the same fashion.
- Excessive accumulation of dust, fur and dandles and pollens from the indoor plants can be a source of various diseases. Moreover, the dust and other contaminants take the form of allergens, which can pose a potential threat to not just to your health, but also the hygiene of your family. This makes keeping the carpet clean very important.
- A dirty carpet can be home for bugs and mites. They reduce the life of the carpet. They are vectors of various allergic and infectious diseases. However, clean carpets can never attract such unwanted creatures to your home.
- Dirty carpet releases a characteristic stinky and unpleasant odour. This can make not just you but also your visitors feel uncomfortable.
- Dirty carpet spoils the elegance of the beauty of your interiors.
Carpet Sanitization Blue Haven
Cleaning carpet cannot be the complete solution for getting a fresh and healthy carpet back. Sanitization is necessary. Moreover, carpet cleaning just agitates and dodges the dust and particles from the surface of your carpet. However, many a time it cannot cleanse your carpet deeply. Allergens, contaminants, and microorganisms can stay within the inner layers of your carpet even after cleaning.
Local Carpet Cleaning Blue Haven
Back 2 New Cleaning provides the best team of local carpet cleaners so that our customers get the best services at their comfort. The local customers understand the customers need better and they can easily communicate with them. If they can get services of the same standard from local cleaners then why to think for any other option. We will provide you with the best carpet cleaning services.
This makes Carpet Sanitization Important. By Carpet Sanitization you can –
- Remove allergens and hence contaminants from the inner layers of your carpet.
- Decrease the risks and threats not just of infection but also allergies for your family and pets.
- Prevent the carpet from being contaminated by microorganisms for the nearest future.
- Remove all odour and smell from your carpet in the same fashion.
- Restore and preserve not just the quality but also the shape of your carpet.
- Make the interior look not just fresh but also deodorized.
Need for Carpet Fire and Smoke Restoration Blue Haven
We invest a substantial amount of money for carpeting our homes. It is one of the major investments afforded by us to decorate our interiors. Hence, in case of accidental cases of fire damage, it is very painful to see the devastated look of the carpet. Carpet Fire and Smoke Restoration process can take you out of such setback.
By using this Method you can –
- Remove soot and odour from your carpet.
- Prevent soot and moisture combine with each other. On this combination, acids are formed which can ruin your caret along with the furniture and upholsteries over it.
- Restore your carpet to its previous look.
The areas of Expertise Covered by Back 2 New Cleaning
Our carpet cleaners provide 24 hours of carpet steam cleaning services in Blue Haven. Call us for the same day service !!!
- Carpets stain removal service.
- Carpet steam cleaning.
- Fast carpet drying service.
- Carpet mould removal.
- Hot water extraction service.
- Anti-allergic treatment.
- Carpet odour removal.
- Carpet stairs cleaning services.
- Wet carpet cleaning.
- Carpet hallway cleaning services.
- Carpet dry cleaning service.
- Flooded carpet cleans up.
- Carpet water removal.
Carpet Steam Cleaning Blue Haven
We at Back 2 New Cleaning know all the possible ways to clean your carpets with excellence. We have the right tools and cleaning solutions to carry out Carpet Steam Cleaning with the best results. Having the right tools for a particular procedure is important and we understand that completely thus possess all the right tools. The steam cleaning procedure includes applying hot pressurized water into the carpet fibre along with cleaning solutions and then extracting them with the help of heavy-duty vacuums that pulls all the dirt and contaminants along. This is the proven and widely used method, that bring satisfactory results out of your carpets.
Carpet Dry Cleaning Blue Haven
Dry cleaning is a quick and effective way to deal with a dirty carpet, carpet dry cleaning process involves thorough cleaning session in which dust and dirt are addressed properly. We at Back 2 New Cleaning owns the quality cleaning equipment in which we take care of everything. We deal with the dust, dirt, stain or any other unwanted thing on the carpet. We have the best team who does the cleaning in a proper manner, we have provided them with the best dry cleaning solvents and dry cleaning machine. To book our carpet dry cleaning service, contact us.
Carpet Stain Removal Service
Stains are considered a common problem which our carpets have to face anytime. Common sources of stains can be either organic or inorganic, chemical in nature. Therefore stains can lead to damage and discolouration of the carpets and can also cause germs and pathogens to flourish. BACK 2 NEW CLEANING provides its customers with Carpet stain removal service round the clock. Our professional carpet cleaners are equipped with safe and effective solvents that can remove the stain completely. A thorough vacuum cleaning and wet carpet cleaning is carried out depending upon the need. Hire us today and get the best Carpet Stain Removal service at your doorstep.
Carpet Mould Removal Service
Carpet is very common in very commonly attacked by mould. Mould is a fungus that looks like a black layer on the carpet. Mould can pose a negative impact on your family's health and is known to cause many kinds of allergies and irritations. BACK 2 NEW CLEANING team provides professional carpet cleaners that can deal with mould formation. Carpet mould removal is carried out by using effective chemicals and then followed by a deep carpet cleaning and carpet sanitization service. After getting through a complete carpet mould removal, we thoroughly inspect your carpets to make sure no spores of mould are left behind.
Carpet Shampooing Blue Haven
One of the major services we offer for carpet cleaning Blue Haven including carpet shampooing. When the carpet is heavily stained and stinky, carpet shampooing can simply do the trick. Back 2 New Cleaning professionals make the use of quality shampoos and advanced tools to make your carpets back to new. Once, we are done with the cleaning process, we also, quick dry and deodorise your carpets. No matter how bad the condition of your carpet is, take the pride in it. So, wait no more, contact us for the best carpet cleaning and restoration services.
Commercial Carpet Cleaning Blue Haven
Carpets used in Commercial areas need to be cleaned by the experts in the cleaning. To get cost-effective services, you can come to Back 2 New Cleaning. Here, you will get the experienced and trained cleaners team who are professionals of Commercial Carpet Cleaning. Our team can manage even though the area is very large. We have already benefitted customers with commercial carpet cleaning and they shared that had new kind of cleaning service experience.
Residential Carpet Cleaning Blue Haven
Cleaning the carpet is a bit of tedious work to get them cleaned with the professional's help. A clean carpet is healthy as well as it feels good when you see clean things around yourself. To get the genuine expert cleaners team you can keep faith on Back 2 New Cleaning. We are rendering with the expert cleaners to our customer for 15 years. Our dedication and honesty in the service have made ourselves a reliable name for Residential Carpet Cleaning Service.
Get Anti-Allergic Treatments for your Carpets at the most Affordable Prices
Back 2 New Cleaning service also includes anti-allergic treatments for your carpets. It depends on the customer chooses to get anti-allergic treatments for carpets post cleaning. The anti-allergic treatments keep your carpet safe from the attacks of microbes as they can flourish themselves in any condition. The dirty environment is best for their growth. The anti-allergic treatments for your carpets do not add on much to the service charge as this service is kept in an affordable price range. The anti-allergic treatments to your carpets increase the lifespan of it.
Same Day Carpet Cleaning Blue Haven.
Same day carpet cleaning services are very rare these days, people don't have a choice to have the carpet cleaning services on short notice. Well. not any more, at Back2New Cleaning we are providing same day carpet cleaning services, in which accept booking on the same day and provide services on the very next day. If you want the best carpet cleaning services in less time, then reach out to us, we will be happy to serve you. For bookings dial, our numbers our representative will answer you and book the service for you. For any queries and information about quotes, feel free to write to us.
Eco-Friendly Carpet Cleaning Services in Blue Haven
Back 2 New Cleaning not only clean your carpet but also keep in mind the environment. We know that the use of harsh washing solutions can be bad for the environment because the chemicals remain active for several years balancing the natural conditions. We only use eco-friendly cleaning solution until some other suggested or selected by our customers. We let them know the bad effects which can have on the carpet as well as the environment. We are certified by the green authority that our service is eco-friendly in nature.
Carpet Repair Blue Haven
We at Back 2 New Blue Haven also offer the best services for carpet repairs at the most affordable prices. The professionals of our team are equipped with the best tools and expertise to restore your damaged carpets. Whether you want restretching services, pet damage repair services, seam repair services, carpet burn repair services or carpet torn repair services, we can help. Our professionals can reach your place on the same day of booking and make your carpets better than the best. So, wait no more and hire us for carpet repair Blue Haven. For more details call now.
Our Carpet Cleaning Procedure
- Our experts reach your place after you confirm your order at a time and date decided by you.
- They then inspect your carpets to make a decision regarding the type of treatment they require.
- Our experts move your furniture or any other things which may be lying on your carpet so that the entire carpet can be cleaned well.
- A high-quality vacuum is then used to remove dirt, dust and other particles from the carpet.
- Depending upon the type of treatment, we start off with the process. Hot water extraction, steam cleaning or whatever suits your requirement.
- We use efficient chemicals to remove all the stains as well.
- After this, we use highly efficient dryers to dry the carpet.
- The next step involves sanitization of carpets to ensure there are no germs or bacteria on the carpet.
- After this, we deodorize the carpet to leave it fresh and hence smelling nice.
- Finally, we restore your furniture to its original place.
Why Choose us?
- Expert services at your doorstep.
- Flexibility and availability as per your requirement.
- Highly trained and efficient staff with international certifications.
- 24*7*365 days availability.
- Eco-friendly cleaning procedure and chemicals.
- Careful handling of your carpet and furniture.
- Easy procedure.
- All types of carpet cleaning services in one place.
Get In Touch Now For Same Day Carpet Cleaning Blue Haven
Give us a call now on 0488 850 862 to get in touch with our experts and fix an appointment right now for best offers and deals. We value your time and hence our staff will reach your place on time without any delay. Moreover, with our same day service option, you won't have to wait too long to give your carpets a new clean look. Additionally, we never compromise with quality and look forward to a long term association with our clients.
The skill, experience, and expertise of our dedicated cleaning crew are your one stop solution to get your carpets clean. Back 2 New Cleaning with its team of trained and skilled crew members can provide one of the best carpet cleaning services in the area. We specialize in providing deft and on-time services for your home, office, business places, schools, clubs and other commercial places.
Frequently Asked Questions on Carpet Cleaning Blue Haven:
You need to remove everything from the surface of the carpet and make it clear. So that when our professionals will reach your place, they will start with the work without wasting any time here and there.
Yes, pet odours can be completely removed from the carpet. We have the best professionals for the service and they are experienced in it. We first clean the spot of the odour and then deodorize it for the proper odour removal.
Use our contact us platform or call on our number. Our customer care service will help you with the best possibilities and you will get to know the promised details.
Yes, Back 2 New Cleaning services in all the niches of carpet cleaning in Blue Haven. Mould on the carpets is a dangerous scenario that can lead to many health problems in the home and close exposure to it while treating it can lead to severe issues. Whereas it is a part of our services, and professionals are trained to eradicate mould infestations from your carpets safely.
Location: Blue Haven, NSW, Australia


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Preschool in Katy, TX 77494
25950 Cinco Ranch Blvd
Katy, TX 77494
View on Map »
Is this your business? Claim it!
Kids `R` Kids is a locally owned and operated franchise. We are very proud to provide the most innovative facilities and effective educational programs for children 6 weeks through 12 years of age.
Our sincere love for children and strong belief that they should have a solid foundation in combination with Kids `R` Kids the absolute leader in its industry make the perfect choice for your family`s childcare needs. Our center is approximately 17000 square feet with 10 classroom suites a cafeteria a resource room a large activity gym for before and after school students and four large play areas separated for age groups.
At Kids `R` Kids we share a common desire with parents which is to provide the absolute best for the children. Our high quality teachers creative and fun educational programs and of course our state-of-the-art facility make us stand high above our competitors.
Please read through our information; if you have any additional questions feel free to contact us.
We love children and are dedicated to making our school a great success. Our door is always open for parents to come and discuss their needs ask questions give suggestions and comments. We encourage you to come take a tour and meet the staff. We are confident that you will agree with us this is the best environment for your child!
Want more information?
Click the button below and we will send an automated message to the provider to let them know that someone is interested & would like to see more information.Request Information

subset: commoncrawl


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Taken From here
This is always a huge topic and it seems simple to many of us but the fact of the matter is we have a lot of "new" people so we need to be clear about this sort of thing. (Note all commands should be run as root or with sudo)
1. To start networking in Backtrack 4 final issue the following command.
/etc/init.d/networking start
This will attempt to start all the interfaces in the /etc/network/interfaces file.
root@bt:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet dhcp
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet dhcp
auto ath0
iface ath0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
If you don't have or don't want some of these interfaces then simply remove the from this file and they will not start.
If you need to set a static IP just set the variables in the /etc/network/interfaces file
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1
You will also need to make sure you set a nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf
root@bt:~# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.0.1
So for example if all you have is eth0 and wlan0 on your system and you want them both to get a adress via DHCP then remove every thing else for the file with the exception of the lo interface. Here is a example.
root@bt:~# cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
Now if are lazy and want all this to start at boot you can simply issue this command as root
update-rc.d networking defaults
This will create all the proper sym-links
What about ssh?
So while I am on the subject I may as well go over ssh. In order to use ssh on backtrack 4 final you need to generate the keys first.
after that you can start ssh like this:
/etc/init.d/ssh start
or you can add it to the boot sequence like this:
update-rc.d ssh defaults
Well thats enough to get up and running. I hope this was somewhat helpful to any one just getting started with backtrack.


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Relax Gummies - CBD Full Spectrum Sour Gummy Bears - 2500mg
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Relax Gummies CBD Full Spectrum Sour Gummy Bears 2500mg are natural, THC free CBD edibles sourced from hemp. Add these premium gummy edible infused with CBD from hemp plants to your daily wellness … Read more
Total CBD
Weight/ Volume
Key Facts
Relax Gummies CBD Full Spectrum Sour Gummy Bears 2500mg are natural, THC free CBD edibles sourced from hemp. Add these premium gummy edible infused with CBD from hemp plants to your daily wellness routine.
A fun and easy way to consume high-quality CBD, Relax Sour Gummy Bears are the sweet and tangy, CBD edible treats that let you snack with a purpose.
It has never been so sweet and delicious to get all the benefits of high-quality CBD than with Relax Gummies CBD Full Spectrum Sour Gummy Bears.
Get Relax Gummies CBD Full Spectrum Sour Gummy Bears and get ready to Relax.
Corn Syrup, Sugar, Gelatin, Fumaric Acid, White Grape Juice from concentrate, Citric Acid, Lactic Acid, Calcium Lactate. Glycerin, Natural & Artificial Flavors, Titanium Dioxide (for color), Silicon Dioxide (Anticaking Agent), Artificial Colors (Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 1). Proprietary Blend and CBD.
There are no reviews yet.
Common Questions
What is CBD Isolate?
CBD isolate is a CBD product where all other cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids have been removed from the compound, leaving only pure, unadulterated CBD oil. It is the purest form of CBD oil.
What is Full spectrum CBD oil?
Full-spectrum CBD oil is a CBD oil or other CBD product that contains all of the other cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids found in the hemp plant. Together they work in a synergistic way to produce the entourage effect in your body.
What are flavonoids?
As we noted in one of our blog postings recently, "Flavonoids consist of groupings of polyphenolic compounds that perform as secondary metabolites to countless fungi and plants. With well over 6,000 different varieties of flavonoids already discovered, their effects and functions span across a diverse spectrum." One of the primary purposes of flavonoids is to provide color to plants, among other things.
Which type of products can be considered full spectrum?
Many of our CBD products are full-spectrum products, including CBD oil, CBD edibles, CBD gummies, CBD creams, CBD topicals, CBD capsules, CBD drinks, and so many more.
Is it safe to travel with CBD?
Yes! The 2018 Farm Bill made hemp-derived CBD completely legal, meaning it is safe to travel with CBD wherever you go. You can take it on a train, a plane, in a car, or anywhere else. There's no need to hide your CBD oil. You can proudly carry it with you out in the open.
Can I use too much of your CBD Sauces and Salad Dressings?
Our CBD Sauces and Salad Dressings are some of our most popular edibles to date. They can be used when you grill, in the kitchen, or as a snack all on their own in some cases. These products are low-dose CBD products, so you can feel comfortable taking a second helping.
How many CBD Gummies should I take?
This answer depends on the CBD Gummies' strength, but generally, you can take 1-2 CBD Gummies every 4-6 hours. If you find you need more, increase your dose by one gummy every 4-6 hours as needed until you reach your optimal dose. Never exceed more than 6 CBD Gummies at a time.
A good rule to follow when determining an optimal CBD dose is to take anywhere from 1-6mg for every 10 pounds of body weight based upon the consumer's needs. For example, a great starting dose for someone who weighs 150lbs would be somewhere between 15-25mg, and a 200lbs patient would range from 20-33mg.
Can I view all of your lab results online?
Yes, you can. Being that we're one of the most transparent CBD companies in the industry, we pride ourselves on making all of our certificates of analysis available online for everyone to see. All of our lab results can be found here.
Do Diamond CBD products expire?
We continue to research this question so that you can have the optimal use of your products. If your CBD oil products are stored properly, they should be good to use for at least one year.
What is the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)?
The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is a group of cell receptors within the body. It is a vast system of receptors that accepts our bodies' own endocannabinoids as well as the phytocannabinoids found in hemp. The ECS supports a variety of different bodily functions. When our naturally produced cannabinoids aren't enough to help maintain the ECS, phytocannabinoids like CBD can help give it a boost.
Are Diamond CBD's products organic?
All of our products are cultivated in nutrient-rich soil on organic, non-GMO farms right here in the US. It's our way of guaranteeing that only the best CBD oil makes its way to our store and your home. At Diamond CBD, when we say all-natural hemp, we mean all-natural hemp.
What type of CBD products do you have?
We offer everything you could want in the CBD market, including CBD oil, CBD pet products, CBD edibles, CBD drinks, CBD lotions and creams, and CBD vapes. Within these categories, we have hundreds of products, including gummies, capsules, creams, and more, to provide you with seemingly endless product options for your business needs.
How are CBD edibles different than CBD oil?
CBD edibles are usually found in something sweet, like CBD gummies. There's also delicious CBD honey that can be put on food or mixed with hot tea. It's a simple way to take the CBD you need to help you through the day. Just one or two CBD gummies can give you the CBD you need to put you back on track. For those looking for something a bit simpler, there are also CBD capsules. CBD oils can be flavorless or flavored and can be taken alone or added into your favorite foods and beverages, if designed in tincture form.
Is the source of my CBD important too?
When purchasing CBD, you also want to make sure that you know from where it is sourced. We source all of our CBD oil from soil rich hemp farms in Kentucky, Colorado, and Scandinavia. Also, the best CBD oil is extracted with a process called supercritical CO2 extraction which retains all of the naturally occurring beneficial molecules found in the hemp plant.
Is CBD Psychoactive?
No. Hemp oil contains CBD, the non-psychoactive compounds of the cannabis plant. Hemp oil does not have the psychoactive qualities found in THC, and while using it you can maintain a clear mind and active lifestyle.


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Are you familiar with Wisconsin author Michael Perry? He's written several bestselling books including Population 485 and Truck: A Love Story. He also builds snow tunnels! Watch him dig one while also providing insightful narration in this WPT "In Wisconsin" video.
Watch Michael Perry: Snow Tunnel on PBS. See more from In Wisconsin.
Find more of this week's Wordless Wednesday (or Wordful) posts at 5 Minutes for Mom.


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I recently wrote about the the 15th birthday of the Internet browser, mentioning the accomplishments of the browser over the past 15 years, and it got me thinking about what I'm thankful for because of access to the Internet through the browser.
I'm thankful that my family and friends and I can stay in touch very easily. Even ten years ago when I was living in my home town near Seattle, people would shake their heads at the kinds of conversations my mother and I would have in their presence.
"Did you get the email I sent?"
"That was silly. Did you get my reply?"
"Not yet. Haven't been home this afternoon."
"But you did get the date and time for the theater tickets on Friday, right? I emailed that two days ago."
"Yes. I got that. Oh, I emailed you the pictures I took of the grandchildren. You got them, right?"
"Yes, but could you make the images a little smaller in size next time? You filled up my email inbox."
"I will but you're going to have to come over and show me how to do that. You know I'm not technically inclined."
Yes, that was my mother. Not technically inclined and yet she can whip through email at a furious rate, emailing everyone and anything, even writing scathing letters to the editor of the local newspaper. She can scan photographs and email them, and track her stock portfolio through a spreadsheet she developed herself in Microsoft Excel. She is very technically inclined without ever attending a computer class. People would say, "You talk on the phone and see each other all the time. Why bother with email?" My mother would look at them and say, "Why not?" Email has become a critical part of our lifestyle and goes beyond just talking to each other. Many things are said in an email, like a letter, that may never be said verbally.
I'm thankful to the Internet for my work. Yes, I am a writer and nature/travel photographer and without the Internet, my work would take longer and be much harder. I worked for many years before the Internet and my mailing costs were huge. Now, instead of carefully packaging up my precious original images and mailing them with plenty of insurance coverage, I can scan them and send them via email or upload them to the client. Instead of waiting weeks or months for a reply to a submission query, I get an email sometimes within hours. While I get few rejections, it is tough on the ego to get an immediate rejection. Waiting a few weeks or months between rejections was a bit easier, I have to admit. 😉
I'm thankful to the Internet for the much larger audience I have than if I didn't have a website or Internet access. We have fans of our writing and photography all over the world, from Russia to China and I've even gotten email from a fan in Antarctica. While this is great for our business, it is even more special to know that what our work helps people around the world as they learn more about nature and nature photography, as well as travel, encouraging them to explore the world around them and afar.
I'm thankful to the Internet for the awesome people we've met. We've met incredible people in our travels that we would have never encountered if we hadn't "met" them through the Internet. Through our websites, teaching online workshops and programs, and volunteering for online projects, we have gotten to know people all over the world and occasionally we've taken them up on their offer to come visit.
Ten years ago, one Denver woman I got to know online gave me contact information and "orders" to invite ourselves to stay with her brother and family in Florida. He was open and willing to allow these two strangers in a huge trailer stay in his yard for a week. Told by his sister to treat me like I was a sister "because I've adopted her so be nice! She's family now!", he asked me how long I'd known Laura. I had to admit that we'd never met, but it didn't matter because we were the bestest of friends. When I finally did get to meet her, we had the best time and stayed with her and her husband several times in Denver as we crossed North American. She is indeed like a sister to me.
Traveling across the country long before wireless Internet, we'd beg, borrow, and steal any telephone connection to reconnect with the world. In Santa Fe, New Mexico, we stayed with another couple we'd met online but not in person. They told us that they might be out when we arrived but gave us information on where to park and to make ourselves at home. When Brent and I arrived, a telephone cord was hanging out the window at the back of the house right by where we were to park. We cried with joy and were connected back to the Internet within minutes of parking our trailer, picking up our email. Now, that is true friendship. They understood our desperate need to stay connected to the Internet.
I'm thankful to the Internet for the information I can access within minutes. While it wasn't always this way, there is more and more information on the Internet every day, increasing its value. I can find movie theater times, flight arrivals and departure times, weather reports, news, encyclopedias, dictionaries, and so much information, its overwhelming. News doesn't happen to someone else now. It happens before my eyes as I watch the news on the Internet, read the stories and blogs from those who where "there" and saw it happen. As frustrating as too much information can be, I love that I have access to the information, something once only gathered from newspapers, radio, television, or the library.
I'm thankful to the Internet for the development of the blog. While I don't blog to share my personal opinion on the politics of the day, I blog about my travels and life on the road, and about the work that I do. By blogging, I get to share my writing with many people all over the world. My gratefulness includes the joy and freedom that blogging brings to so many people who do get an opportunity to share their personal views and opinions on the world around them with the rest of the world. It's a fabulous way to not only share your writing, but to get to know all kinds of people from all walks of life, how they think, what they care about, and what their world is like.
There is so much more, but now I want to know what you are thankful for about the Internet. Does it help you with your work? Your life? Your social life? What kinds of information do you rely upon via the Internet? How do you use the Internet to communicate? How has it changed your life? Has it improved it or merely added to the stress and frustration? What are you thankful for and why when it comes to the Internet?
Site Search Tags: internet, web, browser, thank, thankful, information
Copyright Lorelle VanFossen


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I feel this even more acutely at this time of year because I've inherited many of Mom's homemade ornaments and Christmas decor. This pinecone and nut wreath is one of my favorites, as I can remember her making it—not with a glue gun, but with grey linoleum paste slapped on with a trowel. (She would have loved glue guns!)
Mom also made her own gift bows. She had some kind of a jig that one threaded ribbon through. My clumsy child hands never mastered it, but I do remember the principle and put it to use this year.
Most of the seasonal advertising inserts are printed on glossy paper with predominantly red ink. So I cut them into 1" strips (with a $10 paper cutter—Mom would have loved paper cutters!) and taped them together as needed.
Start by turning the paper around like a little cone. You can tape it in place if you like.
Make another cone in the exact same way (flipping the paper strip under, not over). The points will not be exactly opposite each other, but will be slightly offset. This allows you to continue the pattern around, much like drawing with a Spirograph.
Continue around until you have created a full rotation, then staple the piece in the center and cut off any excess. This bow is made with five points, but you may have more or less, depending on how big your bow is and how sharply you wrap.
Make your second piece slightly smaller and place it at a slight rotation to the first. Staple it all together and cut a third strip to make the center loop. For my 4" diameter bow, I cut a 3" long strip.
Tape the loop in the center, and stick the bow to your package with another piece of tape. This is the package wrapped in the previous post. Not too fancy, but it was quick and used nothing but the contents of this morning's delivery.


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Vosper Thornycroft (UK) Ltd
The individual origins of both Vosper & JI Thornycroft can be found on different pages of the website but for the purposes of this page we begin at the time of the merger.
Centred on the South Coast of England, warship design and construction company Vosper Thornycroft (UK) Limited were formed in 1966 through the merger of leading shipbuilders Vosper Limited and J.I. Thornycroft & Company. This combination of over 100 years of ship and boat building brought together the largely complementary technical resources and shipbuilding facilities of 2 these major companies, globally-renowned in the world of marine vessel for both military and private customers.
The new organisation could consolidate its design and construction facilities, allowing it to compete for business with a wide range of vessels from small Patrol and pleasure craft to large, modern Frigates and warships. It also promoted other activities including ship repair in Southampton and an assortment of engineering work in various fields along the South Coast. This included some of the formwork to be found on Southend Pier following the restoration from fire during the 1970s.
Reorganisation after the merger saw sustained technical development and the steady modernisation and improvement of existing facilities and Vosper Thornycroft emerged as one of the world's leading designers and builders of advanced warships.
Operating from its head office at Fareham, Hampshire and from five other main establishments in the area. Vosper Thornycroft gathered together under the new heading of British Shipbuilders with the main activities being divided into two groups, each with its own Managing Director.
The Southampton group operated predominantly from the Woolston Shipyard on the River Itchen at Southampton, which was Vosper Thornycroft's largest single establishment.
Woolston, which sat alongside the former site of Vickers Supermarine Limited, employed over 3,000 people and specialised in the construction of Frigates of up to 4,000 tonnes as well as other warships of comparable size. It also became world-renowned for the building of glass-reinforced plastics mine countermeasures vessels.
The Woolston Yard underwent substantial modernisation after the 1966 merger including a covered building with internal berths for two ships of up to frigate size. Later developments also included a completely new production facility with a floor area of 15,000 square metres.
Portsmouth-based shipbuilding was concentrated at a small shipyard on the Camber at Old Portsmouth, with land access from Broad Street and from a much a larger facility known as The Portchester Yard, (on the northern shore of Portsmouth Harbour) close to the boundary of the City of Portsmouth and the Borough of Fareham.
The Portchester Shipyard was extensively modernised under a £6 million development scheme making it one of the most modern shipyards in the country for the construction of ships of up to around 800 tonnes. These Portsmouth Yards specialised in building large, Fast Patrol Boats and Corvettes as well as the completion of glass reinforced plastics hulls, moulded elsewhere before completion as patrol craft.
The company also entered the hovercraft business in 1968 and it was Portchester that was chosen as the centre for this specialist work.
Vosper Thornycroft prided themselves on building advanced and elegant warships of their own design and they were hugely successful in export markets. They established a base in Singapore with Vosper Thornycroft Uniteers Ltd where they produced a wide range of patrol and utility vessels for both industry and foreign government customers.
Meanwhile back in the UK, an outstanding example of Vosper Thornycroft's growing success was the production of the Mark 10 Frigates for Brazil, under a contract spanning ten years and valued at over £200 million. Vosper Thornycroft were the only shipbuilding company in the world (amongst those approached by the Brazilian Navy) who were prepared to invest the time and effort in producing an original design ready to meet the very specific Brazilian requirements.
This design work had to be done on a very tight time limit and it placed them in a strong competitive position to secure the contract, which was signed in September 1970.
The programme provided for the building of 4 of these large, modern and heavily armed frigates at The Woolston Yard, with two more being constructed in the Naval Dockyard in Rio de Janeiro all with the materials, equipment and services being supplied by Vosper Thornycroft.
The contract was an outstanding success with the last British-built ship 'The Liberal' leaving port in late 1979, most significantly within a couple of days of its original delivery date as planned at the contract signing in 1970.
The company also completed a batch of Type 21 Frigates which were launched during the early part of the1970's, whilst another major export contract was won for the design and construction at the Portsmouth Yards of 2 Mark 9 corvettes for Nigeria in 1975.
The whole shipbuilding industry was to change however when the Labour Government instigated The Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977 which saw Vosper Thornycroft become part of the nationalised British Shipbuilding Group, which initially joined together 27 major shipbuilding concerns. Thankfully, the Vosper Thornycroft name remained although sadly by 1982 all was not well within the industry and over half of the 32 shipyards had been closed to reduce what was said to be 'over-capacity'. The Portsmouth Yards survived however and went on to build 6 x 52-metre Missile-Armed Fast Patrol Boats of the Ramadan Class for Egypt, under a contract worth £150 million and of which some are still in service today.
Vosper Thornycroft had also produced both the expertise and machinery for 6 Fast Patrol Boats of the October Class for the Egyptian Navy and although the vessels were originally built in Alexandria they were modernised, re-equipped and fitted with new weapons at Porchester.
These export contracts only represent as small fraction of the work done by Vosper Thornycroft for overseas navies and in all over 140 vessels of several types have been built for 27 different countries in the period which began in 1966.
Obviously, the company built several ships for the Royal Navy in the same period and their close association with the RN is a crucial factor in winning export contracts.
Significant RN work had included the construction at Woolston of the Hunt Class MGMV's of glass-reinforced plastics construction. The first of these, HMS Brecon, was handed over to the Royal Navy in December 1979.
At the time, these ships were the largest vessels built in GRP anywhere in the world and Vosper Thornycroft worked closely with the Ministry of Defence (Navy) on the use of GRP for vessels of this class for many years. They built the pioneering experimental Minehunter HMS Wilton which played an important part in the operations to clear the Suez Canal of mines after the 1973 Arab-Israeli war.
The Woolston Yard also played a substantial role with the Royal Navy and 3 Type 42 destroyers: HMS Southampton and HMS Nottingham - both fitting out, and HMS Gloucester, one of the 'stretched' Type 42 destroyers.
Vosper Thornycroft's South Coast facilities (in its various guises), have built numerous types specifically for the Royal Navy since 1966, producing over 30 vessels including 7 Frigates, a minelayer (HMS Abdiel), the prototype VT2 Hovercraft, 3 Fast Training Boats (to the company's own design), 8 GRP MCMV's and the Fast Patrol Boat HMS Tenacity.
At Portchester, they also completed the major task of fitting out the Royal Navy's first Boeing-built hydrofoil, HMS Speedy.
A source of immense pride during the history of Vosper Thornycroft was that it was largely responsible for the design of the Type 21 Amazon Class Frigates, under a Ministry of Defence contract for which it later become Lead Yard for the class. Vosper Thornycroft had a big stake in the international warship market and many other successful fields of operation. Its sustained technological progress and financial success enabled it to make a large contribution to British Shipbuilders since nationalisation.
In 1983 however, the various facets of British Shipbuilding were 're-privatised' under the British Shipbuilders Act 1983 and Vosper Thornycroft Ltd re-emerged after a management buy-out in 1985.
During the 1980s and despite the fading threat of the Cold War years, the company continued to win orders and with tensions in the Middle East, particularly in the Persian Gulf region, Vosper Thornycroft were awarded many orders from that part of the world. The end of the Cold War cut severely into the company's military-related orders and in the 1990s Vosper Thornycroft diversified successfully reduced its reliance on military and other shipbuilding orders. It extended operations into Marine Products / Support Services and Integrated Logistics.
Much of the company's diversification effort was completed by a series of acquisitions which allowed it to develop its support services into Training and Administration roles within the Royal Navy.
A major rationalisation of Vosper Thornycroft in 2002 lead to the formation of the VT Group which, although no longer involved directly in shipbuilding, still exists today in various forms and industries. The final steel ship to be launched at a Vosper Thornycroft Yards was HMS Mersey (P283), a River Class Patrol Boat launched on 25th January 2003.
VT Shipbuilding relocated shortly after into Her Majesty's Naval Base, Portsmouth, alongside its famous Naval Dockyard. The Woolston Yard was sadly closed in 2004 whilst Porchester was later sold to Trafalgar Wharf Ltd and still accommodates a wide variety of marine activities.
In 2008, VT Shipbuilding was then merged with BAE Systems Glasgow-based Surface Fleet Solutions and subsequently created BVT Surface Fleet, which also incorporated the Govan and Scotstoun Yards. The remaining sectors of the VT Group were acquired by The Babcock International Group who retained its UK operations before selling the remaining sectors to The Jordan Company, a Private Equity Group.
When, on 30th October 2009, BAE Systems acquired the VT shareholding in the venture, they renamed the organisation to BAE Systems Surface Ships Limited before eventually joining forces with BAE Systems Submarine Solutions to create BAE Systems Maritime, the current incarnation of the former Vosper Thornycroft shipbuilding activity.
|John I Thornycroft & Company
|Vosper Company / Vosper Limited of Portsmouth
|Vosper Thornycroft
|British Shipbuilders
|Vosper Thornycroft
|VT Group
|BVT Surface Fleet
|BVT Surface Ships Limited
|BAE Systems Maritime
More information
National Maritime Museum - Greenwich, London www.nmmc.co.uk
National Maritime Museum - Falmouth, Cornwall www.nmmc.co.uk
National Museum of the Royal Navy - Portsmouth, Hampshire www.historicdockyard.org.uk


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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)—also called irritable or spastic colon—is a common functional intestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal discomfort and abnormal bowel function. The discomfort often begins after eating and goes away after a bowel movement. The symptoms can include cramps, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and a feeling of incomplete emptying.
IBS occurs in about one in five Americans, more commonly in women, and more often at times of emotional stress. It usually begins in late adolescence or early adult life and rarely starts after the age of 50. In severe cases, it can result in missed work days and curtailment of social activities. Although effective help is available, many people with IBS are too embarrassed, pessimistic, or afraid to seek medical care. Even worse, some people who consult a doctor receive insufficient guidance and conclude that nothing further can be done for them.
Why Symptoms Occur
During normal digestion, foods are broken down in the stomach and small intestine so that their nutrients can be absorbed into the body. Undigested or partially digested portions—mostly in liquid form—then enter the large intestine (colon) where most of the water is reabsorbed. Movement through the intestines results from peristalsis, a wavelike contraction of muscles in the intestinal walls that propel their contents forward. When all is well, the end result is stool that is solid but soft enough to be excreted easily.
Diet, eating habits, stress, and various environmental factors can disrupt the normal function of the intestines. If the intestines squeeze too hard or not enough, the partially digested food can travel too rapidly or too slowly through the digestive system. Movement that is too fast will result in diarrhea, because not enough water is reabsorbed. Movement that is too slow can result in constipation, because too much water is absorbed. Overly hard squeezing (spasm) can result in cramps. However, the diarrhea of IBS can also occur without pain.
IBS symptoms occur after eating because of the gastrocolic reflex—increased movement of the intestinal contents in response to food entering the stomach. The strength of this reflex can be influenced by the volume and temperature of the food and the number of calories. Large meals (particularly high-fat meals) and large amounts of cold beverages can trigger IBS attacks.
Medical Evaluation
A thorough history and physical examination should be obtained. The extent of further evaluation depends on the patient's age, general health, and symptoms. If symptoms have been present a long time and have a typical pattern, the doctor may rely mainly on the patient's description to diagnose IBS. If symptoms are recent in origin, testing may be needed to be certain that an infection, inflammation, or tumor is not responsible for the symptoms. The tests may include blood tests, stool tests, x-ray examinations, and endoscopy (examination of the colon with a hollow tubular instrument inserted from below).
Management Tips
The first step in managing IBS should be to identify what triggers the symptoms. The factors to consider include food intolerances, eating habits, dietary factors, emotional stress, exercise habits, use of laxatives, and vitamin C intake. It may help to keep a diary that relates symptoms to daily activities.
Many people with IBS have difficulty digesting lactose (milk sugar). This results from a shortage of lactase, an enzyme normally produced by cells lining the small intestine. Lactase breaks down milk sugar into simpler substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream. When there is not enough lactase, undigested lactose can ferment in the large intestine and cause nausea, cramps, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea that begin about 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming lactose-containing foods. The severity of symptoms varies with the amount of lactose the individual can tolerate. To determine whether lactose intolerance is a factor in IBS, the patient can experiment to see whether symptoms are related to milk intake. Laboratory testing may also be useful. If lactose intolerance is significant, lactase drops or tablets can be added to ordinary milk, low-lactose products can be substituted, or dairy products can be avoided (in which case the patient should take calcium supplements).
Bloating or excessive gas can also be related to eating habits and diet. Drinking carbonated beverages can introduce gas into the intestines and cause abdominal pain. Eating or drinking rapidly, chewing gum, smoking, nervously gulping air, or wearing loose dentures can cause some people to swallow a large amount of air, some of which reaches the large intestine. Gas can also be produced by such foods as beans, onions, broccoli, and cabbage. Eating more slowly or minimizing gas-forming foods may help.
Since caffeine can increase intestinal motility, people with IBS should avoid or minimize the use of caffeine-containing beverages such as coffee and caffeinated colas. Fructose or sorbitol (a sugar substitute) can induce diarrhea in some people. Since vitamin C supplements of 1 gram/day or more can cause diarrhea, patients with chronically loose stools should be advised to stop taking them.
Unnecessary delay in defecation should be avoided. When an urge is felt, leaving the stool in the colon may contribute to constipation because the longer the contents remain, the more fluid may be absorbed. Use of certain laxatives can perpetuate constipation because the large intestine can become dependent on them. People with IBS should not take strong laxatives.
Increasing the fiber content of the diet or taking a stool softener such as methylcellulose or psyllium may help regulate bowel movements and reduce both constipation and diarrhea. Increasing dietary fiber should be done gradually to give the body time to adjust. Prescription drugs are available to slow the movement of food through the intestines or to relieve intestinal spasm.
In patients with abdominal pain, medication, a hot bath, or a hot water bottle applied to the abdomen may relieve an acute attack. Antispasmodics can also prevent attacks. If a certain type of activity is known to trigger an attack, taking an antispasmodic drug beforehand may prevent trouble. If modifiable sources of stress can be discovered, resolving them may help. Regular exercise can also help to normalize bowel action.
This article was posted on June 7, 2000.


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Data Privacy Notice Marketing
Information about the processing of your personal data
1. Processing of Your Personal Data within the SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH Group
1.1. The protection of your privacy during the processing of your personal data and the security of business data are very important to us. Controller regarding the processing of your personal data is
Schmolz+Bickenbach Baltic OÜ
Betooni 26 a
Tallinn 11415
(in the following "Controller").
1.2. The Controller is member of the SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH Group (in the following "SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH"), which includes group companies in 40 countries worldwide.
1.3. Our data protection officer is available to answer any questions you may have on the subject of data protection per E-Mail under: dpo(at)schmolz-bickenbach.com.
2. Type and Origin of Data Processed by the Controller
2.1. We process your personal data. "Processing" for example means that we collect, store (see 6.), delete (see 6.) or transmit (see 4.) your personal data.
2.2. The data processed by us include:
- Your name and professional contact data.
- The products and services in which you expressed your interest to us or (if your company is an existing customer) which you have already ordered.
- Your preferred communication channels.
- Your statements during visits (discussed business units, your customer satisfaction, comments).
We receive these personal data directly from you, e.g. via the consent form used by us, by post, by e-mail or personally, for example at a trade fair, during a visit or a telephone call. You are not obliged to provide your personal data to us. Without providing your contact information and your interests, however, we cannot contact you with regard to your interests.
2.3. In addition, we process your following personal data:
Data about the business relationship with you, such as
- Your status (active/inactive).
- Activities in which you were involved (e.g. communication by e-mail, telephone or visits).
- Attachments which were uploaded to you (e.g. your consent).
- Target group to which you belong (e.g. for trade fair invitations).
- Your relationship with our business partners (assignment of your individual contact person).
We do not receive these personal data directly from you, but it is entered into our systems by our employees. Our employees receive such information from personal communications with you from the sources listed under 2.2.
2.4. We also receive your personal data mentioned under 2.2. and 2.3. for the purposes mentioned under 3 from those SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH companies,
- To whom you have provided your consent to the transmission, or
- Whose customer your company is, as soon as your company has also become our customer.
This transfer to us will only take place under the conditions mentioned in 4.2.
2.5. If you receive an e-mail from us for direct marketing purposes, we will, in addition to your professional e-mail address, process the following personal data from you to remind you of this e-Mail if you do not open it:
- Delivery time, and
- Retrieval time.
These personal data are collected by our system on which the e-mail is stored for retrieval.
3. Purpose and Legal Basis of the Processing by SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH
3.1. We process your personal data only for permissible purposes and in accordance with the applicable statutory provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") and the applicable national data protection laws.
3.2. If you have given us your consent, we process your personal data in accordance with Article 6 Paragraph 1 Sentence 1 a) GDPR for direct marketing purposes. You may withdraw your consent at any time. Please note, however, that the data processing remains permissible until the moment of your withdrawal.
3.3. We also process your personal data without your consent on the basis of Article 6 Paragraph 1 Sentence 1 f) GDPR, insofar as this is permissible after balancing your interests to pursue the legitimate interests of SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH and its group companies. You may object this data processing at any time with effect for the future. This includes the necessary data processing for the purpose of exercising, asserting or defending legal claims, as well as internal administrative purposes (e.g. intra-group analysis and agreements on corporate management). This also includes data processing for direct marketing purposes (including customer surveys)
- By post, unless you indicate that you do not wish to receive such advertising.
- By telephone, if special circumstances indicate your presumed consent.
- By e-mail if your e-mail address has been collected in connection with the sale of a product or service, which concerns advertising for similar goods or services and if you have not objected this processing. You may object this processing at any time with effect for the future without incurring any costs other than the transmission costs according to the basic tariffs.
3.4. We are obliged to process certain data in order to comply with our legal obligations. Such obligations may arise from certain provisions of national commercial, tax and social law as well as European legislation, e.g. in connection with regulations to avoid the financing of terrorism. This may result in individual obligations for SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH to secure, store, report and collect data, which are generally used for control purposes by the respective authorities. This data processing is carried out on the basis of Art. 6 Paragraph 1 c) GDPR.
3.5. If we should process your personal data in the future for a reason other than that for which we originally collected it, we will inform you of this new purpose in advance, insofar as this is legally permissible.
4. Recipients of Your Personal Data
4.1. Within the Controller, which is defined in 1.1, only those persons receive your personal data, who are in charge of you or who control or execute the marketing activities relevant to you (need-to-know principle).
4.2. Under certain circumstances, we transfer your personal data within the Group to the other companies of SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH. An up-to-date list of these companies can be found at https://www.schmolz-bickenbach.com/en/locations. Your personal data will only be made available to these companies if
- You have provided your consent,
- It is permitted on the basis of a balance of interests which takes your interests into account (e.g. in order to make intra-group administrative decisions), or
- We are legally obliged to do so.
4.3. As regards marketing, we work together with service providers within and/or outside of SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH. For example, in connection with the operation of the IT infrastructure or service providers who support us, for example, in the distribution of advertising or customer satisfaction surveys. Insofar as we involve service providers, this is always done within the framework of the applicable data protection regulations.
4.4. Moreover, we only transfer personal data to other recipients outside of the SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH Group if we are legally obliged to do so or if this serves to exercise, assert or distribute legal claims. In such cases, recipients of your data are e.g. authorities, lawyers or courts. In all other cases, we will only transfer your data to other third parties if you have provided your corresponding consent.
5. Date Transfer to Third Countries
We do not transfer your personal data to recipients in countries outside of the EU or the EEA.
6. Storage- and Retention Periods
6.1 We will stop processing your personal data for marketing purposes as soon as,
- You withdraw your consent, or (if we do not process your data on the basis of your consent)
- You object the data processing for the purpose of marketing or
- The further processing is no longer necessary, because
- According to our knowledge you are no longer employed by the company in whose context we store your data, or
- Five full calendar years have passed upon the last request or order from your company to a SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH company, or
- Five full calendar years have passed upon the collection of your contact data, if there was no request or order from your company to a SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH company during this period.
6.2 Furthermore, we will process your personal data only to the extent necessary for the purpose of asserting, exercising or defending legal claims, fulfilling our statutory obligations or for internal group administration purposes. For example, your data may be processed for the duration of legal proceedings or for the legally required retention period of commercial letters (six years) or accounting records (ten years). We will no longer process your personal data for group-internal administration purposes as soon as one of the cases mentioned under 6.1 occurs according to which the processing would no longer be necessary for marketing purposes.
7. Automated Decision-Making Including Profiling
We do not use automated decision-making for processes that have legal effects or similarly significant effects for you. No decision is made without further human consideration.
8. Your Rights Concerning Data Protection
8.1. In connection with the processing of personal data by SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH, all data subjects have the following rights according to Articles 15 to 21 GDPR:
- Right of access;
- Right to rectification;
- Right to erasure;
- Right to restrict processing;
- Right to data portability;
- Right to object.
8.2. In addition, you have the right to withdraw your consent to the processing of your personal data at any time with effect for the future. Such withdrawal has no effect on the past, i.e. it has no influence on the lawfulness of the data processing carried out until the withdrawal. Your withdrawal does not require any special form and can be sent e.g. by e-mail by clicking this link. Alternatively, you can select the opt-out option in any marketing e-mail you receive from us.
8.3. If you are of the opinion that the processing of personal data by SCHMOLZ + BICKENBACH does not comply with data protection regulations or that you are not satisfied with the information provided by us, you have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority (see Article 77 GDPR).
9. Information Regarding Your Right to Object
9.1. At any time, you have the right to object certain types of processing of your personal data for reasons arising from your individual situation. This right applies to data processing in the public interest and to data processing to pursuit legitimate interests. This right also applies to profiling insofar as it is based on one of these provisions.
9.2. In case of an objection, we will cease the processing of your personal data. However, this does not apply if we can prove compelling legitimate grounds, which outweigh your interests, rights and freedoms, or if the processing serves the assertion, exercise or defense of legal claims. If you object the processing of your data for purposes of direct marketing, we will nevertheless cease the processing of your personal data for these purposes without further preconditions.
9.3. Your objection does not require any special form and can be sent to us e.g. by e-mail to: click here to write e-mail. Alternatively, you can select the opt-out option in any marketing email you receive from us.


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Singing Dragon
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The brand that is synonymous with trendy and affordable clothes clearly has an eye for the chic bedding and bath market.
The store supplies everything you need to create the perfect bedroom from bedding and window curtains to small area rugs and accessories.
They also have a small, well-edited selection of tabletop and bath items.
If you have trouble creating a designer's look, Zara Home keeps it simple by creating a theme for each area according to color and decorating style.
The store is filled with inspiration where they make it easy to dress-up a bedroom with pretty bedding in florals, stripes, polka dots, animal prints, and solids.
They even have a children's department that has a better selection than Pottery Barn Kids. See for yourself.
- Conforama is similar to Target or Bed, Bath & Beyond. The huge Pont Neuf location will outfit your whole house with bedding, bath, electronics, furniture, mattresses, and home accessories.
- Tati is France's version of Walmart where you can find inexpensive bedding, bath, clothing, and toys.
- Maisons du Monde is just plain chic. The store also has well-priced classic furniture and bedroom basics for the whole family.
- If you like West Elm, you will appreciate Habitat. The prices are a bit higher for this modern home store. Those who love modern design will want to shop here for furniture, bedding, and lighting.
- Monoprix has a home section too. It's so convenient to have a store where you can pick-up flannel bedding, a coffee maker, laundry detergent, a bottle of wine, and a baguette all in one trip.


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Honda Scrambler Ideas23 is a part of Best 99+ Honda Scrambler Ideas For You pictures gallery. To download this Honda Scrambler Ideas23 in High Resolution, right click on the image and choose "Save Image As" and then you will get this image about Honda Scrambler Ideas23.
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Engineers and scientists at ESOC spend considerable time selecting orbits, developing procedures and building the ground segment infrastructure that supports a satellite in flight.
In the months prior to a launch, a 'team of teams' conducts intense training and simulations to be ready for any contingency. After lift-off, the satellite separates from its booster, and ESOC mission controllers assume command. During LEOP - the critical launch and early orbit phase - the operation of solar arrays and other on-board systems must be fully confirmed, followed by the check-out and switch-on of scientific payloads. Satellites travel to low-Earth orbit, geostationary orbit and deep into interplanetary space, orbiting the Sun, Mars and other celestial bodies. ESOC controls the Agency's ESTRACK network, a global system of tracking stations that transmit commands and receive valuable scientific data. ESOC is also responsible for tracking space debris, a growing threat to commercial and scientific exploitation of near-Earth orbits, and for developing new techniques and tools for mission operations.


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All Awards
Interactive Media Awards
|Outstanding Achievement for Medical / Science Web Design for Syntax
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|Interactive Web Design winner for Greenshore
You've viewed 146 of 146 awards
"Great, strong supporting numbers that indicated Cyber-Duck had a real impact on their client. They show clear passion and are constantly up there, while keeping a good work balance."
Wirehive 100 Judge,
Agency Team of the Year Award Winner (2017)
"We felt that this was a stand-out campaign. The UX Companion app strategy delivered an amazing level of awareness for Cyber-Duck and a high number of new business enquiries."
UK Agency Award Judge,
Best Mobile Campaign Winner (2015)
"The submission displayed a good transactional process and user experience. Fantastic KPIs have made something that could be a hard process both pleasant and empowering."
UXUK Award Judge,
Best Transactional Experience Winner (2014)
"Awesome. Benjamin Maugain is a great multidisciplinarian, who covers lots of complex projects. Plus, somehow still has time to push the industry forwards. Really impressive!"
Wirehive 100 Judges,
Techie of the Year Winner (2016)


text: Enjoy Extreme DX10.1 Gaming Experience with ASUS EAH3850 - Gigantic 512MB memory on board- ATI Avivo™ HD Technology- PCI Express & PCI Express 2.0 Shop Modal header Enjoy Extreme DX10.1 Gaming Experience with ASUS EAH3850 ASUS Exclusive Innovations ASUS Features Gigantic 512MB Video Memory on board! PCIE-2 Interface, backward compatible to PCIE ATI Avivo™ HD TechnologyEnjoy hardware based H.264/VC-1 decoding of Blu-ray™ and HD DVD movies on your computer ASUS Splendid: Watching movies on PC is as good as on Top-of-the-line consumer television ASUS Gamer OSD: Real-time overclocking, benchmarking and video capturing in any PC game! ASUS SmartDoctor: Your Intelligent hardware protection and overclocking tool ASUS Video Security Online: Keep an eye on your home at all times no matter where you are Graphics GPU Features Powered by ATI RADEON® HD3850 GPU HDCP Compliant: Allow playback of HD DVD, Blu-Ray Disc and other protected content at full HD resolutions Built for Microsoft® Windows Vista™ Full support for Microsoft DirectX10.1 and Shader Model 4.1 enables stunning and complex special effects ATI CrossFireX™:P lug-and-play ATI CrossFireX technology with up to quad-GPU support OpenGL®2.0 support One dual-link DVI output which supports 2560 x 1600 at 30Hz resolution displays I/O SpecificationsPCIE-2HDTV-outDual DVI-IVGAHDCP Compliant


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Land acquisition issues in setting up greenfield projects, delays in environmental clearances, logistics support and external financing remain major issues
- Steel consumption expected to increase further
- Increasing steel imports hurt local producers
- Payments take between 60 and 90 days on average
According to the Joint Plant Committee (a unit set up by the Indian Ministry of Steel), in fiscal year 2013-2014 (in India the financial year runs from 1 April to 31 March) India's steel production increased 7.9% year-on-year, to 88.12 million tonnes. The integrated steel plants (SAIL, RINL, TSL, Essar Steel, JSW Steel and JSPL) together produced 45.3 million tonnes in fiscal year 2014- 2015 (up 2.4%) while other producers accounted for 42.8 million tonnes (up 14.3%). Real consumption of steel increased 3.1%, to 76.3 million tonnes. Despite the increase in steel output, imports surged 71% to a record 9.32 million tonnes, with India becoming a net importer of total finished steel.
India's steel imports increased further in Q2 of 2015, by more than 53%, indicating that domestic producers continue to face pressure from cheap inbound shipments, mainly from China, Japan and South Korea. This has brought down capacity utilisation levels of domestic producers to about 80% and has eaten into the market share of established Indian companies, putting pressure on the balance sheets of hundreds of Indian steel companies. In order to stem rising imports, in June 2015 the Indian government raised basic customs duties on some long and flat steel products by 2.5%, to 7.5% and 10% respectively. Additionally, anti-dumping duties of up to USD 316 per tonne on imports of single steel products from certain countries, including China, were also imposed.
International iron ore prices have sharply decreased, mainly due to weaker demand from China and capacity expansions by large global mining companies in the past. However, India's domestic iron ore prices have remained stable, reflecting the continuing short supply situation in the country despite lifting bans for mines in Karnataka and Goa. Large Indian steel players will continue to import iron ore, given the steep decline in international prices and economies of scale associated with bulk imports. However, smaller players could find it more difficult to import at large scale. Therefore, their capacity utilisation is expected to remain affected in the near term.
Major challenges for the Indian steel and metal industry remain land acquisition issues in setting up greenfield projects, delays in environmental clearances for mining activities, logistics support and external financing at competitive conditions. Some of the top 10 private steel producing companies currently face severe problems due to delayed implementation of their projects – caused by land acquisition and environmental clearance issues.
India's steel consumption is expected to grow 7% in the fiscal year 2015-2016 on the back of increasing economic growth. At the same time, steel supply is expected to increase 10%. As a result, capacity utilisation may fall below 78%. Adding to the domestic steel industry woes the trend of rapidly increasing steel imports is expected to continue into 2016, despite the measures taken by the administration to curb them.
The Indian government plans to achieve the target of 300 million tonnes of annual steel production by 2025. To reach this target, Delhi has set up the Steel Research & Technology Mission of India(SRTMI) in order to promote collaborative research programmes and to enhance competitiveness, quality, R&D and production capacities. SRTMI is being promoted as the steel industry's contribution to the 'Make in India' initiative.
On average, payment periods in the Indian steel/metals industry have remained unchanged since last year, taking between 60 and 90 days. We have received just a few credit insurance claims in the last three years and, based on our experience to date, we do not plan any imminent major change in our underwriting approach as we do not expect any major increase in payment delays or insolvencies. Nevertheless, we remain prudent in underwriting this sector. To accurately assess credit limit applications we always require up-to-date financial information and, more importantly, details of up-to-date trading experience with buyers in order to assess actual requirements and monitor any changes in payment behaviour. We also assess the strength of the customer/buyer relationship.


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Micron Technology (NASDAQ:MU) Stock Consolidating
Overall, the bias in prices is: Sideways.
Short term: Prices are stalling.
Intermediate term: Prices are trending.
Note: this chart shows extraordinary price action to the upside.
By the way, prices are vulnerable to a correction towards 51.93.
The projected upper bound is: 57.64.
The projected lower bound is: 47.54.
The projected closing price is: 52.59.
A big black candle occurred. This is bearish, as prices closed significantly lower than they opened. If the candle appears when prices are "high," it may be the first sign of a top. If it occurs when prices are confronting an overhead resistance area (e.g., a moving average, trendline, or price resistance level), the long black candle adds credibility to the resistance. Similarly, if the candle appears as prices break below a support area, the long black candle confirms the failure of the support area.
During the past 10 bars, there have been 3 white candles and 7 black candles for a net of 4 black candles. During the past 50 bars, there have been 25 white candles and 25 black candles.
Three black candles occurred in the last three days. Although these candles were not big enough to create three black crows, the steady downward pattern is bearish.
Momentum Indicators
Momentum is a general term used to describe the speed at which prices move over a given time period. Generally, changes in momentum tend to lead to changes in prices. This expert shows the current values of four popular momentum indicators.
Stochastic Oscillator
One method of interpreting the Stochastic Oscillator is looking for overbought areas (above 80) and oversold areas (below 20). The Stochastic Oscillator is 15.1034. This is an oversold reading. However, a signal is not generated until the Oscillator crosses above 20 The last signal was a sell 10 period(s) ago.
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
The RSI shows overbought (above 70) and oversold (below 30) areas. The current value of the RSI is 46.61. This is not a topping or bottoming area. A buy or sell signal is generated when the RSI moves out of an overbought/oversold area. The last signal was a sell 3 period(s) ago.
Commodity Channel Index (CCI)
The CCI shows overbought (above 100) and oversold (below -100) areas. The current value of the CCI is -135.This is an oversold reading. However, a signal isn't generated until the indicator crosses above -100. The last signal was a sell 8 period(s) ago.
The Moving Average Convergence/Divergence indicator (MACD) gives signals when it crosses its 9 period signal line. The last signal was a sell 2 period(s) ago.
Rex Takasugi – TD Profile
MICRON TECH closed down -3.160 at 52.400. Volume was 100% below average (consolidating) and Bollinger Bands were 75% wider than normal.
Open High Low Close Volume___
55.060 55.470 51.680 52.400 46,159
Technical Outlook
Short Term: Oversold
Intermediate Term: Bullish
Long Term: Bullish
Moving Averages: 10-period 50-period 200-period
Close: 58.26 48.35 39.96
Volatility: 67 66 53
Volume: 64,002,880 52,471,768 39,205,524
Short-term traders should pay closer attention to buy/sell arrows while intermediate/long-term traders should place greater emphasis on the Bullish or Bearish trend reflected in the lower ribbon.
MICRON TECH is currently 31.1% above its 200-period moving average and is in an upward trend. Volatility is extremely high when compared to the average volatility over the last 10 periods. There is a good possibility that volatility will decrease and prices will stabilize in the near term. Our volume indicators reflect volume flowing into and out of MU.O at a relatively equal pace (neutral). Our trend forecasting oscillators are currently bullish on MU.O and have had this outlook for the last 25 periods.
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View from above
The single location where we can learn the most about our planet is found nowhere on Earth but high up above it.
The ability to fly satellites into space has changed all our lives in many ways, but the single greatest innovation has been the availability of new ways of seeing the world that satellites leave behind.
Early pictures of the Earth seen from space became icons of the Space Age, and encouraged an increased awareness of the precious nature of our common home. Today, images of our planet from orbit are acquired continuously; they have become powerful scientific tools to enable better understanding and improved management of the Earth and its environment.
Earth observation images show the world through a wide-enough frame so that complete large-scale phenomena can be observed to an accuracy and entirety it would take an army of ground-level observers to match.
A single satellite image has the potential to show the spread of air pollution across a continent, the precise damage done in a region struck by an earthquake or forest fires, or the entire span of a 500-km hurricane from the calmness of its eye to its outermost storm fronts.
Earth observation provides objective coverage across both space and time. The same space-based sensor gathers data from sites across the world, including places too remote or otherwise inaccessible for ground-based data acquisition.
And because Earth observation satellites remain in place for long periods of time, they can highlight environmental changes occurring gradually. Looking back through archived satellite data shows us the steady clearing of the world's rainforests, an apparent annual rise in sea level approaching 2 mm a year and the depletion of the ozone layer by atmospheric pollution.
In the long term, this monitoring of the Earth's environment will enable a reliable assessment of the global impact of human activity and the likely future extent of climate change.
With every sunrise, the Earth's surface is bathed in solar energy, some of which is absorbed and some of which is reflected back to space. One major class of Earth observation instruments are termed optical because they obtain data by recording this reflected energy across various wavelengths, including visible light and invisible infrared bands.
The number of bands available to an optical instrument is called its spectral resolution, and a higher resolution allows more accurate characterisation of different materials.
Other sensors known as radar instruments actively shine microwaves pulses down to Earth in order to record how these pulses get reflected back up to space.
These instruments measure surface roughness instead of light or heat energy, and have the advantage of being able to see through cloud and darkness. And by combining together different radar images of the same location – a technique known as interferometry – tiny millimetre-scale ground motion can be identified.
A different type of instrument named a altimeter records very precisely the time it takes for a microwave or laser pulse to be bounced back to the satellite, measuring both land and sea height to an accuracy of a few centimetres.
The make-up of the Earth's atmosphere is also the subject of Earth Observation monitoring. Atmospheric instruments work by detecting how the envelope of air surrounding our planet affects light, heat or radio energy passing through it. Certain 'signature' spectral wavelengths either absorbed or emitted by the atmosphere indicate the presence of associated chemicals and gases.
Depending on their orbit and intended function, different Earth observation satellite instruments have differing spatial resolutions, which means the minimum size of detail observable in an image.
Low spatial resolution instruments are best for the study of regional vegetation coverage or wide-area weather and cloud patterns. Intermediate resolution sensors are typically used for agriculture and resource mapping as well as assessing the impact of disasters, while the highest resolution sensors can show individual roads, buildings or even cars.
However, the higher the resolution of an Earth observation instrument the lower the overall area – termed the swath – covered, which generally means a longer revisit time for a given area as the satellite orbits the globe. But some Earth observation instruments have changeable resolutions or steerable sensors in order to reduce the revisit time to as low a wait as possible.
While satellite acquisitions are most often presented in the form of pictures, they are actually digital data. So the same raw data can be processed with computer software in many different ways to extract whatever information the particular end user requires.


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Banks are repossessing fewer homes, in fact the fewest since March of 2007, but in some states that may be about to change, according to a new report from RealtyTrac, an online foreclosure data and sale firm.
Bank repossessions, the final stage of the foreclosure process are down 29 percent from a year ago, but foreclosure starts, which are the first stage of the process, jumped 10 percent in February from the previous month. This after falling for three consecutive months.


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McDonald's MBTA Orange Line ads pulled after criticism
Arnold ad agency did not have McDonald's approval
A Boston advertising agency has pulled a McDonald's ad from the MBTA Orange Line after acknowledging that McDonald's had not approved the advertising which some saw as mocking those with mental illness.
The ad, done in the style of a public service campaign, showed a woman with her head buried in her hands. The text read "You're Not Alone. Millions of People Love the Big Mac," and gave an 800 number to call. Some interpreted it as making fun of people suffering from depression.
"The ad writers and executives in McDonald's high-priced marketing operation missed the boat badly on this one. I'm sorry, but the ad is just too close to the real thing to be funny," wrote Suffolk University Law professor David Yamada on his blog.
McDonald's Boston ad agency, Arnold Worldwide, said the ad was posted without the chain's approval.
"Arnold apologizes for its mistake to McDonald's and to anyone who was offended by the ad. McDonald's did not approve the ad, and its release was our unintended error," said Arnold president Pam Hamlin.
"As soon as we learned about it, we asked that it be taken down immediately," McDonald's spokeswoman Nicole DiNoia said.


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More and more camps are incorporating challenge courses into their activities offered to campers. As a tool for group development, personal development, and some good plain fun, the challenge course fits well in the camp environment.
Staffing a challenge course can be somewhat daunting because of the relative newness of the industry (as compared to waterfront activities, for example) and the lack of cohesion within the industry as to what constitutes appropriate training for facilitation of challenge course activities. Help is coming for this issue but probably not for this year's camp season!
Seeking Consistency
Many companies offer challenge course training. Some companies conduct a skills verification at the end of the session and offer a certificate. Others only offer the training with verification of attendance. A total lack of standardization in what is covered in the training and what skills are verified makes the training process even more complicated.
The challenge course field is served professionally by the Association for Challenge Course Technology (ACCT), a trade association that will be eleven years old this summer. As the association has matured, so has the sophistication and level of service within the industry. The next big project to be undertaken by the association is to create a set of standards governing certification of challenge course facilitators, so that a level of consistency can be developed among companies as to what should be covered in training and how the requirements should be defined to become "certified."
Because of the current inconsistencies in challenge course training programs, you should look at potential staff in terms of what training they bring with them. Ask for listings of training attended and the company giving the training. You can then follow up with the company in question and find out what was covered in the training.
Later this spring, ACCT will release the 6th edition of its Challenge Course Standards. Part of those standards cover challenge course operations and list specific competencies that must be held by all staff and competencies that must be held among the challenge course staff team. These lists should help you considerably when looking at staff for your challenge course.
First-Generation Training Versus Second-Generation Training
Unfortunately, training for facilitators does not come cheaply. It takes time and repetition for these skills to really be mastered. One temptation is to send only part of your camp staff to training and then expect those staff members to come back and train the rest of the staff. We know that those staff members who attend the actual training absorb only part of what is delivered — we are all only human. We also know that they will unintentionally omit even more when they are trying to train staff. This fact always reminds me of the game "Telephone" that I played as a child — to whisper a phrase into your neighbors' ear and see how distorted it gets as it travels around the circle.
Last summer, there were several incidents and near misses that seemed to be directly attributable to staff training that had been diluted in this second-hand training fashion — sometimes referred to as second- or third-generation training, where sending someone to be trained directly by a trainer would be first-generation training.
Training Recommendations
One Training for All
I often recommend that camps, which are geographically close, band together and hire a qualified training company to train all staff in one training program (I think this is a throwback to my 60s Food Co-op mentality!). If you do this, or if you send staff off site anywhere to be trained, you also want to ensure that they have site-specific training, which could be done by a fellow staff member.
Site-Specific Training
The purpose of site-specific training is to translate the general knowledge a staff member might have to specific knowledge to be used in camp — where is the emergency phone list? Where is the rescue bag? Where do we put damaged equipment for this facility? All facilities are in fact slightly different. Site-specific training helps you to create an awareness of all of those little things that can influence how you manage your camp surroundings and facilities. This also applies to the individual elements of a challenge course: how they are set up and taken down, where the trees and other environmental factors are, and what local operating procedures should be in place.
In many camps, the person directly responsible for the challenge course is a seasonal staff member. In these instances, it is critical to have a full-time staff member who also understands the issues involved in running the course and in hiring staff.
Have an incident-free season!
Originally published in the 2004 Spring issue of The CampLine.


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"Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown," the 1975 special produced and animated by the same team that gave us the now classic holiday specials and taken directly from the late cartoonist Charles M. Schulz's famed comic strip, will air with the classic "A Charlie Brown Valentine," SATURDAY,
FEBRUARY 11 (8:00-9:00 p.m., ET) on the ABC Television Network.
In "Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown" (OAD: 2/10/09), hearts are fluttering on Valentine's Day at Birchwood School, and Linus has brought a huge box of candy for his homeroom teacher. Thinking that the candy is for her, Sally reciprocates with a homemade card for Linus. Lucy meanwhile, demands some affection from Schroeder, and Charlie Brown waits for his cards in the mail� and waits� and waits�
This special stars Duncan Watson (Charlie Brown), Stephen Shea (Linus), Melanie Kohn (Lucy), Greg Felton (Schroeder), Lynn Mortensen (Sally) and Linda Ercoli (Violet). "Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown" was executive-produced by Lee Mendelson, produced by Bill Melendez and directed by Phil Roman. Music was composed and performed by Vince Guaraldi. It will air with Spanish audio via SAP.
"A Charlie Brown Valentine" (OAD: 2/14/02) marked the first newly created programming from the "PEANUTS" team in several years. In this special, Charlie Brown finally works up the courage to call the little red-haired girl to ask her to the Valentine's Day dance. But once again he ends up broken-hearted and empty-handed when he dials the wrong number and reaches Peppermint Patty instead.
Cast members include Wesley Singerman (Charlie Brown), Lauren Schaffel (Lucy), Corey Padnos (Linus), Emily Lalande (Peppermint Patty), Jessica D. Stone (Marcie) and Christopher Ryan Johnson (Schroeder). Lee Mendelson was executive-producer and Bill Melendez was producer and director of "A Charlie Brown Valentine."
On October 2, 1950 the PEANUTS comic strip launched in seven American newspapers. Who would have guessed the impact the brand would have around the world for decades to come. Nearly 60 years later, the comic strip appears in over 2,200 newspapers, in 75 countries and 21 languages. PEANUTS animated specials have become a seasonal tradition and thousands of consumer products are available in virtually all retail channels. Charlie Brown kicking the football, Linus and his blanket and Lucy leaning over Schroeder's piano are images to which everyone can relate. Such phrases as "Security Blanket" and "Good Grief" have become a part of the global vernacular. Lee Mendelson and Bill Melendez's association with Charles Schulz stretches back to 1965 with "A Charlie Brown Christmas," which debuted on CBS in 1965 with Mendelson as executive producer and Bill Melendez as animator and director. The three men continued their long-term association until Schulz's death, working together on 50 PEANUTS network specials and four feature films. The network specials won five Emmys, two Peabodys and 18 other Emmy nominations.
Iconix Brand Group in a joint venture with Charles M. Schulz Creative Associates has formed PEANUTS Worldwide, a new home to the global PEANUTS property. The PEANUTS characters and related intellectual property are owned by Peanuts Worldwide LLC, a joint venture owned 80% by Iconix Brand Group, Inc. and 20% by members of the Charles M. Schulz family. Iconix Brand Group,
Inc. (NASDAQ: ICON) owns, licenses and markets a growing portfolio of consumer brands including CANDIE'S�, BONGO�, BADGLEY MISCHKA�, JOE BOXER�, RAMPAGE�, MUDD�, LONDON FOG�, MOSSIMO�, OCEAN PACIFIC�, DANSKIN�, ROCA WEAR�, CANNON�, ROYAL VELVET�, FIELDCREST�, CHARISMA�, STARTER� and WAVERLY (R). In addition, Iconix owns an interest in the ARTFUL DODGER (R), ED HARDY�, ECKO�, MARC ECKO�, ZOO YORK�, MATERIAL GIRL� and PEANUTS� brands. The Company licenses its brands to a network of leading retailers and manufacturers that touch every major segment of retail distribution from the luxury market to the mass market in both the U.S. and worldwide. Through its in-house business development, merchandising, advertising and public relations departments, Iconix manages its brands to drive greater consumer awareness and equity.
These programs carry a TV-G parental guideline.


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MONTREAL — Bill 14, tabled last week with a view to amending Bill 101, is not as bad as it could have been. However, damning it with faint praise doesn't elevate it to an acceptable level of compliance with human-rights standards.
The formal title of Bill 14, "An act amend the Charter of the French language, the Charter of human rights and freedoms and other legislative provisions," helps us understand its prime mission, which is namely to modify rights and freedoms in Quebec's own rights Charter.
This proposed new law begins by asserting that French is the (read "only") common language and the "foundation of Quebec's identity."Actually, it isn't. At the risk of stating the obvious, English has been the other common language and another part of the foundation of Quebec's identity.
Chipping away at that legal status erodes the collective commons and this is precisely what Bill 14 aims to do. It targets a number of activities and interactions between the provincial government and Quebec residents, including the language of health records, businesses, work, government communications with English universities, municipalities and other aspects of public administration.
The specifics of the bill, however, are less troubling than its new and vague conceptual footings such as "common well-being" and "Quebec values,", all of which are deployed in service of the assertion that French is the language of this province, and that there is no other language. This legislative Humpty Dumptyism dispenses with the historic and contemporary realities of English with a wave of the PQ wand.
Undefined and highly problematic terms like "cultural communities" are deployed to buttress the bill's dubious claims. The first clause of Bill 14 replaces the term "ethnic minorities" with "cultural communities." This may seem innocuous, given that the term "cultural communities" is well-known in Quebec. However, "cultural communities" does not follow any accepted international usage, nor does it draw on human-rights principles and norms.
"Cultural communities" have no rights. Minorities do.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Canada ratified in 1976, specifically prohibits discrimination on the grounds of language. It guarantees equality before the law and "equal and effective protection" against discrimination on the ground of language. Article 27 says that where such a linguistic minority exists, "persons belonging to such a minority shall not be denied the right, in community with the other members of the group, to enjoy their own culture … or to use their own language."
Can an internal minority, or a minority within a minority, claim these rights?
In 1990, the UN Human Rights Committee (not to be confused with the Council) answered No in the context of an earlier legislative action to strengthen Bill 101. This was because the term "minorities" was taken to mean 'national minorities', so that English speakers in a majority English-speaking country could not claim minority status. Two decades later, however, things have changed and the definition of "minority" is more inclusive today. There is the real rub and the explanation for the frisson of fear that accompanies the word "minority."
In 2010, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights said: "It is now commonly accepted that recognition of minority status is not solely for the State to decide, but should be based on both objective and subjective criteria." The subjective criteria now include how minorities decide to identify and define themselves. In Quebec, this argument is particularly compelling since Quebec has defined itself as a "nation" – and that brings with it certain responsibilities.
Bill 14 also encourages laws and practices that aim to make one language the "normal" language, implying that other languages are "abnormal" and asserting that French is the proper language of the "public sphere," thus delegitimizing and stigmatizing public discourse in English.
This is a bill that continues the pattern of the failure of PQ governments to recognize, let alone affirm, the realities and rights of English speakers as a historic minority community. It fails to accord meaningful affirmation, let alone protection, to English speakers in contemporary Quebec and it seeks to shut down any possibility that this community will grow or flourish.
One can support both French and the compelling reasons to ensure its viability in Canada without resorting to these measures. Bill 14, as currently formulated, is not acceptable and should be opposed.
Pearl Eliadis is a human rights lawyer. She teaches law at McGill University and is a member of the law faculty's Centre for Human Rights and Legal Pluralism.