text:
A portlet mode that typically displays information such as copyright, version, and author of the portlet.
In the People Connections service, a feature for viewing the application activities tracked for you and other users.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides suggestions of people, items, and spaces that users may be interested in interacting with.
The engine used by the Activity Graph service to provide a central repository for actions that are collected by enterprise applications. The data stored in the activity graph is analyzed to calculate ranks for nodes, predict new actions, and make recommendations.
In the Spaces application there are two types of administrator:
Fusion Middleware administrator: Also referred to as systems administrator. A user with complete administrative capabilities. This administrator can perform the complete range of security-sensitive administrative duties, and all installation, configuration, and audit tasks.
Spaces administrator: A user responsible for customizing Spaces out of the box, managing and granting application roles, and maintaining the application when it is in use.
A WebCenter Portal service offers real-time usage and activity reporting for your portal. In the Spaces application, users can track and analyze Spaces traffic and usage.
A WebCenter Portal service that offers a quick, convenient way to create and widely distribute messages instantly or at a specific time.
Application Programming Interface. A set of exposed data structures and functions that an application can use to invoke services on an application object, such as a portlet.
Performed by an administrator, all users see the change. These are static changes to an application that affect a site or sites that do not involve changes to the application's code or schema.
See also user customization and personalization
Application Development Framework
See Oracle ADF.
Application Programming Interface
See API.
Roles that are specific to a particular application and are stored in an application-specific stripe of the policy store.
Specifies the application background color, screen fonts, and, with some skins, the shapes and images used for application buttons and icons. In the Spaces application, the administrator chooses the default application skin and Spaces users may change the application skin on the General tab of the Preferences dialog.
WebCenter Portal provides templates for creating two kinds of applications: Framework applications and Portlet Producer applications. Templates ensure that the right technology scopes are set, tag libraries added, and required Java classes are added to the class path. Once you do this, relevant components are included to the Component Palette and relevant context menus become available in JDeveloper.
See also Framework application template and Portlet Producer Application template.
A user who is logged into a WebCenter Portal application. Credentials of this user are verified against the identity store. By default, an authenticated user can access public information. To access secured information, such as pages and portlets, this user must be authorized through the policy and credential store.
Contrast with public users, who are not logged in, and can access public content only.
Identification of a user through an identity management system. You can require ADF authentication to enforce credentials for users to access the Framework application only (all ADF resources in the application remain accessible), or authentication and authorization to enforce credentials for users to access the Framework application and any ADF resources that have been secured in the application.
The policies that define the access rights of an individual or group to a secured resource. This resource may be a page or component within a page.
An individual who has access to a secured resource. For non-public resources, this individual is also an authenticated user.
AviTrust Portal Demonstration for WebCenter Portal
An enterprise banking application built using Oracle Fusion Middleware, including Oracle WebCenter Portal: Framework and WebCenter Portal: Spaces, used to provide examples of WebCenter Portal functionality.
A page that provides a personal record of an individual user's experience and opinions. There are two kinds of blog: personal blogs are written by an individual; group blogs are written by several users.
A layout component available through Oracle WebCenter Portal's Composer. A container that enables the placement of content on a page created in the Spaces application. In Composer, a Box is rendered as a rectangle comprised of dashed lines. In a Framework application, this is the runtime equivalent of a Panel Customizable component.
Business Process Execution Language. An XML-based markup language for composing a set of discrete web services into an end-to-end process flow.
A page, created by the administrators in the Spaces application, specifically provided for a given role in an organization. Business role pages provide a targeted environment for users of a particular role by delivering information that is timely and relevant to individual roles without the noise of irrelevant information from other lines of business. Business role pages appear in the Home space of users classified under the specified role.
The act of storing frequently accessed information, typically web pages, in a location where it can be accessed quickly to avoid frequent content generation.
See also expiry-based caching and validation-based caching.
In the Composer tag library that enables users to change from page View mode to page Edit mode.
A component provided in the Composer tag library that enables users to change from page View mode to page Edit mode.
A mechanism that enables a user to lock information, by checking it out, so that other users cannot modify that same piece of information. This prevents users from overwriting each other's changes. After making modifications, the user releases it by checking it back in, making it available again for other users to modify.
The components contained within a parent component. For example, the task flows contained within a Box layout component are the child components of the Box.
See also Box layout component and parent component.
Visual elements surrounding a portlet or task flow that provide an access point for actions, such as those on the Actions menu and those embedded in the chrome itself, such as the minimize icon or resize handles.
Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) standard defines a domain model and Web services and Restful AtomPub bindings that can be used by applications to work with one or more Content Management repositories or systems.
An individual piece of an application, for example, a task flow, portlet, page, or layout element such as a box or image.
A dialog, accessed from Composer, that provides access to all the content you can add to a WebCenter Portal application page.
The developer who builds components (such as portlets, JavaServer Faces components, and web services).
A dialog, accessed from Composer, that provides access to a component's parameters, display options, child components, style settings, and associated events.
In the People Connections service, a feature for establishing a social network with other application users.
A seamlessly integrated environment for populating, revising, and configuring portal pages. It enables users to easily build or revise page layout and content. It also provides the means of adding different components, such as task flows, portlets, content, and other objects, onto a page and then linking those components for a more relevant or personalized view of the information.
An application program or subsystem in which the program building block, known as a component, is run.
A JSR 286 feature that provides a way to customize the behavior of the portlet container and therefore customize the runtime environment.
Services provided by Oracle WebCenter Portal to enable developers to display content from a content repository, such as by creating data controls.
A feature of the Documents service that enables end users to select and search content items and then display those items using available display templates. Oracle WebCenter Portal provides out-of-the-box templates for displaying single and multiple content items on your pages. You can also define custom templates for the content that you want to display in your Framework application, or for selection by end users at runtime.
A specialized storage and management mechanism that provides such features as author-based versioning, full text searching, and content categorization and attribution. A content repository is optimized for storing unstructured information, which differentiates it from a data repository.
content repository data control
A data control sourced though a content repository. In a Framework application, you can create content repository data controls for the following content repositories: Oracle Portal, Oracle WebCenter Content, third-party repositories that support the Java Content Repository (JCR) standard, and your local file system.
*.jspx) page used for authenticating to an external application. At runtime, the Credential Provisioning page displays login data fields consisting of the data fields specified through external application registration. Login information is passed to the producer, which in turn passes the login values to the external application. The application provides the producer with the requested portlets.
After authentication, the user's login credentials are preserved in a credential store, which subsequently supplies that information at future sessions. Unless his information changes, the user supplies his credentials only one time.
Provides storage for login credentials for its associated domain. It also preserves the login credentials that a user provides for authentication to an external application. Credential store is usually combined with the policy store as a single logical store.
Although the credentials stored in the credential store are used during subsequent logins for authentication, the main function of this store is to provide authorization for those accounts.
Cascading Style Sheet. A simple mechanism for ensuring a consistent look and feel or adding style, such as fonts, colors, and spacing, to web documents.
Icons or menu items rendered on the header or the Actions menu of a Show Detail Frame component surrounding a task flow. Custom actions can represent actions that were defined in the task flow when it was created. For example, at design time a developer can build a task flow with custom personalization settings. At runtime, users can access these settings through icons or Actions menu items provided in the task flow's surrounding chrome (or Show Detail Frame).
In the Spaces application, custom attributes specify information in addition to that provided by the built-in attributes. Custom attributes can be used to determine the content of the components in a space based on the parameter passed in. For example, a component can display data for a specific customer by passing in the customer ID. A custom attribute is simply a name value pair, for example customerId=400, orderId=11, userName=Smith, and so on. Custom attributes are stored within the space template.
A Content Presenter display template is a JSFF file (JSF page fragment) that defines how Content Presenter renders content items on a Framework application page. WebCenter Portal provides several out-of-the-box display templates to get you started, or, you can create your own templates.
A resource catalog that has been customized to control the components that are visible to specific users.
Contrast with default resource catalog.
A user role created by an administrator or a space moderator to meet a specific Home space or space requirement.
A portlet mode that enables users to set the default values for portlet preferences for all users.
A WebCenter Portal component that can be added to a page at runtime to enable end users to perform personalizations such as move, minimize, restore, or remove on content within those components. Customizable components are the Panel Customizable component and the Show Detail Frame component.
A mechanism that provides an abstraction of the business service's data model. The ADF data controls provide a consistent mechanism for clients and web application controllers to access data objects, collections, methods, and operations.
default language (application-level)
A display language specified by the Spaces administrator that is used when users log in to the Spaces application. The Spaces administrator sets the application-level default language on the General tab of the Administration page. Individual users can set their own user-level default language on the General tab of the Preferences dialog.
default language (user preference)
A user-specified display language that is rendered when the user logs in to the Spaces application. This language selection lasts until the user specifies a different default language. It can be overridden by a session language, but returns as the default when the session cookie is purged or expires. This value is set on the General tab of the Preferences dialog.
The resource catalog that is provided by default for an application. It contains all of the Oracle ADF components and portlets available to the application.
Contrast with custom resource catalog.
See Integrated WLS.
Provides a mechanism for securing portal resources based on user roles. You apply delegated administration to a page hierarchy, and the specific security assignments are automatically propagated down through the hierarchy through pages and sub pages.
A file used in application deployment that specifies the following types of information:
The source files, deployment descriptors, and other auxiliary files that are packages
The type and name of the archive file to be created
Dependency information
Platform-specific instructions
Other information
Oracle WebCenter Portal services provides a special deployment profile, the Framework application WAR deployment profile, that includes an option to export project metadata.
A view, in Oracle JDeveloper, that provides a WYSIWYG representation of a file.
See also Source view (JDeveloper).
A view, in Composer, that provides a WYSIWYG representation of a page and its components.
See also Source view (Spaces).
A space that can be found by anyone logged into the Spaces application, for example through a search. Any Public or Private space is discoverable. Discoverable spaces are listed on the Spaces page when All Spaces is selected from the Show list. Users wishing to join the space can request membership through self-service (if enabled) or by contacting the space moderator.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides a means of creating and participating in discussion forums.
Controls the language in which application user interface elements, such as buttons, field labels, and screen text, are rendered in the browser. The order of precedence for Framework application display language settings from weakest to strongest is: browser setting, application setting, user preference setting, session setting, space setting.
A predefined page provided in every Spaces group and Home space that includes the Document Manager task flow for managing content.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides several task flows that offer a variety of formats to display folders and files on a page. You can choose the task flows appropriate for your application to provide features for accessing, adding, and managing folders and files; configuring and viewing file and folder properties; and searching file and folder content in the connected content repositories.
Any tree or subtree within the Domain Name System (DNS) namespace. Domain most commonly refers to a group of computers whose host names share a common suffix: the domain name.
A page that displays as the result of a user action, such as a search or a click on a tag. As the name suggests, dynamically-generated pages are not stored, but rather are created as and when needed.
Enterprise Archive file. A Java EE archive file that is used in deploying applications on a Java EE application server. Framework applications are deployed using both a generic EAR file, which contains the application and the respective runtime customization, and a targeted EAR file, which contains only the application for deployment to the application server. EAR files simplify application deployment by reducing the possibility of errors when moving an application from development to test, and test to production.
See also WAR.
A standardization of scripting programming languages, such as ECMAScript and JavaScript.
A scripting programming language, standardized by Ecma International according to the ECMA-262 specification. Frequently referred to as JavaScript or JScript, which are both extensions of the ECMA-262 specification.
(JSR 286 portlets only.) A portlet mode that enables personalization of a JSR 286 portlet. Edit Defaults mode is a display mode for the JSR 286 portlet's properties. In a Framework application, the Edit Defaults mode displays on the portlet's Actions menu as the Customize command.
See also Edit mode.
A portlet mode that enables personalization of the portlet for each user, for each instance.
See also Edit Defaults mode.
A view mode that enables users to modify the content, style, and layout of a page. Access edit mode by choosing Edit Page from the Page Actions menu.
Expression Language. Provides a shorthand way of working with web application data by providing operators for retrieving and manipulating application data residing in a Java EE web container. In a Framework application, EL expressions are encapsulated in the characters "#{" and "}" and typically come in the form #{object.data} where object represents any Java object or Oracle ADF component placed in the Java EE web container's page, request, session, or application's scope.
See EAR.
An application that enables users to bring all sorts of content and services together in a single place.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides calendars for scheduling meetings, appointments, and so on. In the Spaces application, it provides calendars to record events relevant to the specific space. You can also integrate the Events service with Microsoft Exchange Server to enable individual users to access their personal calendars in their Home space. Personal calendars are also available in Framework application.
A caching method that uses a retention period to specify how long the item is valid in the cache before a refresh is required. When there is a request for the item beyond the retention period, it is refreshed in the cache.
See also validation-based caching.
See EL.
Applications that do not delegate authentication to the single sign-on server. Instead, they display HTML login forms that ask for application user names and passwords. At the first login, users can choose to have the single sign-on server retrieve these credentials for them. Thereafter, they are logged in to these applications transparently.
A collection of components managed by Fusion Middleware Control. A farm can contain a Managed Server domain and other Oracle Fusion Middleware system components that are installed, configured, and running on the domain.
A personal list of links to favorite pages in the Spaces application and external web sites.
See FPA.
In the People Connections service, a feature for posting informal appraisals for and receiving informal appraisals from other application users.
Federated Portal Adapter. A component of Oracle Portal that enables Oracle Portal instances to share their database portlets through the web portlet interface. Using the FPA, Oracle Portal database portlets, including PL/SQL portlets, Portlet Builder portlets, and page portlets can be made available for use in Framework applications.
A Framework application is built on top of the ADF using the WebCenter Portal's Extension for Oracle JDeveloper. This application combines web content, portlets, content integration, and collaborative services for the end user. Developers and administrators can create a Framework application based on their roles and skill levels in the organization.
A portal also includes page hierarchies, navigation models, and delegated administration.
Framework application administrator
The administrator responsible for maintaining the Framework application. For example, in Spaces, the administrator performs tasks such as implementing the branding for the Framework application, making new content available, modifying pages, and granting and revoking privileges.
Contrast with systems administrator who has administrative rights for entire Fusion Middleware functions. The Fusion Middleware administrator is also responsible for deploying, setting up, and configuring the Framework application, and performing on-going administrative tasks for the Framework application and other WebCenter Portal components through Fusion Middleware Control.
Framework application developer
The developer who plans, builds, and maintains a Framework application using the Oracle Application Development Framework, Oracle JDeveloper, and Oracle WebCenter Portal.
Framework application end user
The runtime user of the Framework application, who accesses pages, portlets, and content, and personalizes portlets (assuming the appropriate privileges).
Framework application life cycle
The process of creating and testing a Framework application in a design time environment, deploying it to a production system, and then performing routine maintenance, such as monitoring performance and migrating customization data. The life cycle of an application also includes performing further enhancements, restaging, and then redeploying the application to the production system.
Framework application template
A JDeveloper template which includes WebCenter Portal: Framework features like site navigation, page hierarchies, delegated administration, and page templates.
See also application templates and Portlet Producer Application template.
A view mode that opens the space to occupy the entire screen, thus maximizing the display space. The Sidebar is not displayed in Full Screen Mode.
(PDK-Java portlets only.) A portlet mode that provides more content than can be shown in the portlet when it is sharing a page with other portlets.
A browser-based management application that is deployed when you install Oracle WebCenter Portal. From Fusion Middleware Control, you can monitor and administer a farm (such as Oracle WebCenter Portal).
High Availability. A collection of solutions to ensure that your applications meet the required availability to achieve your business goals, eliminating single points of failure with no or minimal outage in service.
A portlet mode that displays usage information about the functionality of the portlet.
See HA.
A work area within Spaces that provides individual users with a private space for storing personal content, keeping notes, viewing and responding to assignments, maintaining a list of online buddies, and performing many other tasks relevant to their unique working day. Users can also extend this environment by creating additional personal pages and custom content.
A layout component available through Composer. A simple HTML component that renders raw HTML and JavaScript mark-up inline on the page.
A layout component available through Composer. A link to an internal or external web page. For designers of Framework applications, this is the runtime equivalent of a Go Link component.
Integrated Development Environment. A visual application development tool containing editors, debuggers, screen painters, object browsers, and the like. Oracle JDeveloper is an example of an IDE.
For a Framework application and associated content repositories, selecting this option allows propagation of current user's identity across the application and processes. The propagated identity is verified on the receiver's side, and then it is used to make decisions such as assigning role based access control.
A layout component available through Composer. An illustration that can include a hyper link. For designers of Framework applications, this is the runtime equivalent of an Image Link component.
The parameters initialized upon the start-up of a standard JSR 286 portlet. Initialization parameters provide an alternative to JNDI (Java Naming and Directory Interface) variables. Use initialization parameters instead of JNDI to configure the behavior of all of the different components of the portlet—for example, servlets and other portlets—in a compatible way. In Oracle WebCenter Portal, initialization parameters are entered into the
portlet.xml file.
Instant Messaging and Presence service
A WebCenter Portal service that enables users to observe the presence status of other authenticated users and provides instant access to interaction options, such as instant messages and emails.
Integrated Development Environment
See IDE.
Integrated WebLogic Server. A WLS instance used as a platform for pretesting Framework application deployments on a local computer. Integrated WLS also contains preconfigured portlet producers and several useful prebuilt portlets.
Iterative development lets you make changes to your Framework application while it is running on the Integrated WebLogic Server and immediately see the effect of those changes simply by refreshing the current page in your browser. The iterative development feature works by disabling certain optimization features. Iterative development allows developers to work more quickly and efficiently when building a Framework application.
Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) is a Java package that enables applications to authenticate and enforce access controls upon users. JAAS is designed to complement Java 2 security and implements a Java version of the standard Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) framework. This enables an application to remain independent from the authentication service, and supports the use of custom authentication modules.
JAAS extends the access control architecture of the Java 2 Security Model to support subject-based authorization. It also supports declarative security settings in deployment descriptors instead of being limited to code-based security settings.
Java Authentication and Authorization Service
See JAAS.
See JCR 1.0.
Also known as Java EE 5. Java Enterprise Edition 5 Platform. A platform that enables application developers to develop, deploy, and manage multitier, server-centric, enterprise-level applications. The Java EE platform offers a multitiered distributed application model, integrated XML-based data interchange, a unified security model, and flexible transaction control. You can build your own Java EE portlets and expose them through web producers.
Java Enterprise Edition 5 Platform
See Java EE.
Standardizes how components for portal servers are to be developed. This specification defines a common portlet API and infrastructure that provides facilities for personalization, presentation, and security. Portlets using this API and adhering to the specification are product-agnostic, and can be deployed to any portal product that conforms to the specification. See also JSR 286.
See JSR 286.
See JSF.
See JSP.
Java Content Repository 1.0. Also known as JSR 170. It proposes a standard access and interaction API for content repositories, much like JDBC does for databases.
See Oracle JDeveloper.
JavaServer Faces. A standard Java framework for building web applications. It simplifies development by providing a component-centric approach to developing Java web user interfaces. JSF offers rich and robust APIs that provide programming flexibility and ensures that applications are well designed with greater maintainability by integrating the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern into its architecture. As JSF is a Java standard developed through Java Community Process, development tools like Oracle JDeveloper are fully empowered to provide easy to use, visual, and productive development environments for JSF.
JavaServer Faces JavaServer Page. JSF JSPs differ from plain JSPs through their support of Oracle ADF Faces components for the user interface and JSF technology for page navigation. JSF JSP pages leverage the advantages of the Oracle Application Development Framework (Oracle ADF) by using the ADF Model binding capabilities for the components in the pages.
JavaServer Page. An extension to servlet functionality that provides a simple programmatic interface to web pages. JSPs are HTML pages with special tags and embedded Java code that is executed on the web or application server. JSPs provide dynamic functionality to HTML pages. They are actually compiled into servlets when first requested and run in the servlet container.
See also JSP tags.
Tags that can be embedded in JSPs to enclose Java code. These tags use the
<jsp: syntax and enclose action elements in the JSP with
begin and
end tags similar to XML elements.
Java Specification Request (JSR) 286. Defines a set of APIs for building standards-based portlets using Java. Portlets built to this specification can be rendered to a portal locally or deployed to a WSRP container for rendering portlets remotely. For more information, see
See JCR 1.0
A file that provides information about available public and private keys that are used for authentication and data integrity. User certificates and the trust points needed to validate the certificates of peers are also stored securely in the keystore.
A container that enables placement of content on a page created in the Spaces application.
An object for enhancing the usefulness and appearance of a given page. Layout components include layout boxes, a rich text editor, images, hyperlinks, and so on.
A component provided in the Composer tag library that enables users to select from a set of predefined layouts (for example, two column, three column, two row, and so on) and apply it to the page. Users can apply these layouts to a particular area of the page or to the entire page.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. A standard, extensible directory access protocol. It is a common language that LDAP clients and servers use to communicate. The framework of design conventions supporting industry-standard directory products, such as the Oracle Internet Directory.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
See LDAP.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides a means of creating a bidirectional association between two objects, thus setting up easy access between those objects.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides a means of creating lists and exposing them for placement on application pages at runtime. At design time, you can make the Lists task flow available in your runtime Resource Catalog. At runtime, users can add the task flow from the Catalog to a page and use the task flow to create lists.
A look and feel file determines the appearance of your application, from the placement and behavior of elements on a portal page to the colors used in the portlet title bars. The look and feel is determined by skins, navigations, page templates, layouts, content display templates, and other similar components.
In a production environment, a Managed Server hosts applications and the resources needed by those applications. A domain, which is a logically related group of Oracle WebLogic Server resources, can have any number of Managed Servers. An Administration Server manages these servers.
A web application that enables end users to pull information from different sources to create a personalized application that exactly meets their individual requirements.
See also enterprise mashup.
In Fusion Middleware Control, MBean browsers enable the administrator to perform specific monitoring and configuration tasks and browse MBeans for an Oracle WebLogic Server or a selected application.
Oracle Metadata Services. A core technology of the Application Development Framework. MDS provides a unified architecture for defining and using metadata in an extensible and customizable manner.
An application server and Oracle relational database that keep metadata in these areas: a file-based repository, dictionary tables accessed by build-in functions, and a metadata registry. One of the primary uses of MDS is to store customizations and persisted personalization for Oracle applications.
In the People Connections service, a feature for posting messages to and receiving messages from other application users.
Information about a content item, such as title, author, or security group. Metadata is used to describe, find, and group content items. Also referred to as content information.
See MVC.
A Spaces user who is responsible for managing a particular space. A space moderator can add and remove members, invite new members, enable self registration, provide and update space metadata, and manage the services available to the space.
A layout component available through Composer. A container that enables the placement of content on a page created in the Spaces application. Movable Boxes, along with their content, can be moved around on the page. For designers of Framework applications, this is the runtime equivalent of Show Detail Frame component.
Model-View-Controller. A classic design pattern often used by applications that need the ability to maintain multiple views of the same data. The MVC pattern hinges on a clean separation of objects into one of three categories: models for maintaining data, views for displaying all or a portion of the data, and controllers for handling events that affect the model or views. Because of this separation, multiple views and controllers can interface with the same model. Even new types of views and controllers that never existed before, such as portlets, can interface with a model without forcing a change in the model design.
A predefined page that displays a list of all the spaces available to the currently logged in user. The user can select from the Show menu to display All Spaces, only spaces of which the user is a member (Joined by Me), or only spaces of which the user is the moderator (Moderated by Me).
WebCenter Portal provides three navigation components to create portal navigation. These components are: Breadcrumb navigation, menu navigation, and tree navigation.
Navigation models provide data to the navigation user interface and enable navigation to resources in your application, such as pages, page hierarchies, task flows, external sites, portlets, and other entities. You can configure navigation models at both design time and runtime.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides useful features for writing personal notes and reminders. This service is available only in Spaces, and not in Framework applications.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides an automated means of triggering notices across different messaging channels, such as phone, mail, Worklist, and so on. Messages are triggered when the spaces and application objects to which you have subscribed change.
Oracle Application Development Framework. A range of technologies aimed at making Java EE application development faster and simpler for developers while at the same time taking advantage of proven software patterns to ensure that the developed application is scalable, performant, and the like.
A component of Oracle WebCenter Portal that enables you to inject portal-like capabilities, such as portlets, content integration, and customization, into your Oracle ADF Faces applications.
Part of Oracle's enterprise class suite of products for identity management and security, Oracle Access Manager provides a wide range of identity administration and security functions, including several single sign-on options for Spaces and Framework applications. OAM is the recommended single sign-on solution for Oracle WebCenter Portal 11g installations.
Oracle Oracle ADF Faces is a rich set of user interface components based on the new JavaServer Faces JSR (JSR 127). Oracle ADF Faces provide various user interface components with built-in functionality, such as data tables, hierarchical tables, and color and date pickers, that can be customized and reused in an application.
Oracle WebCenter Content: Content Server
A content repository for building secure business libraries with check in and check out, revision control, and automated publishing in web-ready formats. Current information is available to authorized users anytime, anywhere.
Oracle WebCenter: Content Server is a component of Oracle WebCenter Content.
Oracle WebCenter Portal's Discussions Server
Backend discussions server for the Discussions and Announcements services.
A component that enables administrators to manage Oracle Fusion Middleware services through a single environment. The Fusion Middleware administrator uses Enterprise Manager to configure, manage, and monitor Framework applications.
Software that processes web transactions that use the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Oracle uses HTTP software developed by the Apache Group.
Oracle's LDAP V3 compliant LDAP server. It is used as a repository for provisioning users and groups. By default, the Oracle Single Sign-On (OSSO) authenticates user credentials against Oracle Internet Directory information about dispersed users and network resources. Oracle Internet Directory combines LDAP version 3 with the high performance, scalability, robustness, and availability of the Oracle database.
Oracle JDeveloper is an integrated development environment (IDE) for building applications and web services using the latest industry standards for Java, XML, and SQL. Developers can use Oracle JDeveloper to create Java portlets.
Based on and conforming to JSR 329, the Oracle JSF Portlet Bridge enables application developers to expose a JSF application or task flow as a JSR 286 portlet for consumption in another application.
See MDS.
A component used for the development, deployment, administration, and configuration of enterprise class portals. Oracle Portal incorporates a portal building framework with self-service publishing features to enable you to create and manage information accessed within your portal.
See also Oracle WebLogic Portal.
Oracle Secure Enterprise Search (SES)
Provides easy-to-use search for public and secure data, with unified ranking results. With Framework applications, Oracle SES is set as the default and preferred search platform.
With Spaces applications, WebCenter Portal's internal live search adapters are set as the default search platform; however, large-scale implementations should be configured to use Oracle SES for best performance.
A component that enables users to log in to all features of the Oracle Fusion Middleware product suite, and to other web applications, using a single user name and password.
Oracle WebCenter Content's Site Studio
A powerful, flexible web development application suite that offers a comprehensive approach to designing, building, and maintaining enterprise-scale web sites. Site Studio uses Oracle WebCenter Content: Content Server as the main repository for a web site.
In WebCenter, Content Presenter integrates with Site Studio to allow you to create, access, edit, and display Site Studio contributor data files in either a Site Studio region template or a custom Content Presenter display template.
A middleware component of Oracle Fusion Middleware. Oracle SOA Suite enables services to be created, managed, and orchestrated into SOA composite applications. Composites enable you to easily assemble multiple technology components into one SOA composite application. Oracle SOA Suite plugs into heterogeneous infrastructures and enables enterprises to incrementally adopt SOA.
See OTN.
Provides a flexible, secure, centralized, web-based repository that manages all phases of the content life cycle: from creation and approval to publishing, searching, expiration, and archival or disposition. It enables contributors to easily contribute content from native desktop applications, efficiently manage business content through rich library services, and securely access that content anywhere using a web browser. All content, regardless of content type, is stored in the web repository or database for management, reuse and access.
A suite of services that enables you to build Oracle WebCenter Portal applications. Oracle WebCenter Portal reduces the front-end labor historically required to bring necessary business components to the user by capitalizing on the notion of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). The suite includes a wide range of plug-and-play products, tools, and services that make it easy to build the applications your users need. Oracle WebCenter Portal includes:
Oracle WebCenter Portal: Framework
A set of features provided by Oracle WebCenter Portal that augments the Java Server Faces (JSF) environment by providing additional integration and runtime customization options. It integrates capabilities historically included in portal products, such as site navigation, page hierarchies, portlets, customization, personalization, and integration, directly into the fabric of the JSF environment. This eliminates artificial barriers for the user and provides the foundation for developing context-rich applications. You can selectively add only desired Oracle WebCenter Portal components or services to your framework application.
Oracle WebCenter Portal's Pagelet Producer
Provides a collection of useful tools and features that facilitate dynamic pagelet development.
Oracle WebCenter Portal services
A collection of Web 2.0 services that expose social networking and personal productivity features through various services.
Oracle WebCenter Portal: Spaces
A WebCenter Portal application built using JSF, Oracle ADF, WebCenter Portal: Framework, WebCenter Portal: Services, and Composer. In the production documentation, it is commonly referred as Spaces application (Spaces).
Oracle WebLogic Server Administration Console
A browser-based, graphical user interface to manage a WebLogic Server domain. Use to:
Configure, start, and stop WebLogic Server instances
Configure WebLogic Server clusters
Configure WebLogic Server services, such as database connectivity (JDBC) and messaging (JMS)
Configure security parameters, including creating and managing users, groups, and roles
Configure and deploy your applications
Monitor server and application performance
View server and domain log files
View application deployment descriptors
Edit selected run-time application deployment descriptor elements
Oracle Technology Network. The online Oracle technical community that provides a variety of technical resources for building Oracle-based applications. You can access OTN at
WebLogic Portal enables you to provide a user interface to integrate your applications. WebLogic Portal lets you surface application data and functionality from heterogeneous environments into an integrated, dynamic, and customizable web-based portal user interface that can simultaneously support multiple devices. In addition to a powerful portal framework and its J2EE security foundation, WebLogic Portal provides many business services, such as content management, communities, personalization, search, and user management. WebLogic Portal provides a virtual content repository that lets you federate external content management systems into a single management interface. You can then build portals using content in those external resource. WebLogic Portal also provides a WLP content repository for creating and managing content.
A component provided in the Composer tag library that defines the editable area of a page at runtime. Within this area, users can edit properties for a component, add content to the page, arrange content, and so on.
A model that associates pages in a parent-child relationship, where any page can have one or more sub pages. This parent-child model not only helps define the overall structure of the portal, but also allows child pages to inherit the security policies from their parent.
A parameter associated with a page that can be used to store values that can then be passed to the components on the page. It also enables your page to take values through its URL. Page parameters are defined using the
<parameter> tag at the top of your
PageDef.xml. You can bind page parameters to your page variables.
A dialog, accessed from Composer, that provides access to a page's display options, security settings, and parameters.
Determines the background image used in the page. The Spaces application provides several default page schemes and an option for specifying a custom page scheme.
Determines the initial page structure, for example one column or two column. Some default page styles also include the task flows, components, and page properties useful for a particular purpose. For example, a page created using the Text page style includes a Text layout component.
Lets you specify view elements that you intend to be common to all of your pages. A page template file is a JSPX file that includes ADF layout components and other elements. Typically, page templates define a page layout, with headers, footers, and content areas. In addition, the page template usually specifies the positioning and style of the navigation UI for your pages.
A variable that binds your public portlet parameter to the page. Page variables are defined within the
<variableIterator> of your
PageDef.xml. One page variable can be bound to multiple public portlet parameters.
A component provided in the Composer tag library that provides a container region for a group of Oracle ADF components and portlets that are customizable at runtime. Any Show Detail Frame components and portlets added as child components to a Panel Customizable component can be moved or maximized with the Panel Customizable component.
A variable that controls the default behavior of task flow content and facilitates the wiring of a task flow to page parameters and page definition variables.
A component that contains other components, such as a Box layout component that contains task flows. The Box is the parent component of the task flows. In contrast, the task flows are the Box's child components.
See also Child Components.
A Spaces user who can manipulate the content of a space. A participant can upload and share documents, initiate and take part in chats with other members, create discussion topics, create new or view existing lists.
Java Portlet Developer Kit. The development framework used to build and integrate web content and applications with Oracle WebCenter Portal. It includes toolkits, samples, and technical articles that help make portal development simple. You can take existing Java servlets, JSPs, URL-accessible content and web services and turn them into portlets. It is typically used by external developers and vendors to create portlets and services.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides social networking tools for creating, interacting with, and tracking the activities of one's enterprise connections.
See also, Activity Stream, Connections, Feedback, Message Board, and Profile.
Dynamic changes to an application's behavior based on user context, facilitated by Personalization for WebCenter Portal.
See also application customization and user customization
Personalization for WebCenter Portal
A WebCenter Portal service that enables you to deliver content within your application to targeted application users based on selected criteria. Personalization for WebCenter Portal also provides a declarative means for specifying dynamic application flow.
A page created by a user in his or her Home space. Personal pages are viewable by other users only if specifically granted access by the user who created the page.
A page that displays a user's personal information such as email address, phone number, office location, department, manager, direct reports, and so on.
See also, Profile.
A WebCenter Portal service that enables you to create, edit, and take online polls on your application pages. Polls let you survey your audience (such as their opinions and their experience level) and check whether they can recall important information, and gather feedback on the efficacy of presentations.
A common interface (that is, a web page) that provides a personalized, single point of interaction with web-based applications and information relevant to individual users or class of users.
See PDK-Java.
A reusable web component that can draw content from many different sources. Portlets can display excerpts of other web sites, generate summaries of key information, perform searches, and access assembled collections of information from a variety of data sources. Because different portlets can be placed on a common page, the user receives a single-source experience, even though the content may be derived from multiple sources. Portlet resources include the many prebuilt portlets available out of the box and programmatic portlets built through WebCenter's JSR 286, PDK-Java Portlet wizards, and other portlet building tools.
A JSR 286 feature that allows portlets to react to actions or state changes not directly related to an interaction of the user with the portlet.
A JSR 286 feature that allows on-the-fly transformations of information in both the request to and the responses from a portlet. A portlet filter is a reusable piece of code that can transform the content of portlet requests and portlet responses.
The ways by which a portlet can be called to display information. These methods include:
Portlet Producer Application template
An application template, provided by JDeveloper, for creating an application with the recommended projects and technology scopes required for developing portlets. The Portlet Producer Application template consists of a single project scoped for portlet creation (Portlets).
See also Framework application template and producer.
A page created by the Spaces application to perform a specific function. Examples of predefined pages include, Welcome pages, Search pages, and Documents pages.
A utility for Framework applications that assists you in configuring your target system with the new producer registrations you have added to your application in Oracle JDeveloper. You must run this utility before deploying your application. You can also use this utility after deployment to migrate metadata from stage to production, for example, to export and import your customizations. This tool also enables you to define the MDS repository location to allow run-time customizations to be migrated.
A portlet parameter that is known only to the portlet itself and has no connection to the page on which the portlet resides.
Contrast with public parameter.
A communication link between portlet consumers (such as a Framework application or a portal). When a consumer application renders a portlet, it calls the producer of that portlet, which in turn executes the portlet and returns the results in the form of portlet content. A producer can contain one or more portlets. A portlet can be contained by only one producer.
Oracle WebCenter Portal supports two types of producers:
Oracle PDK-Java producers: Deployed to a Java EE application server, which is often remote and communicates through Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) over HTTP.
Web Services for Remote Portlets (WSRP): A web services standard that enables the plug-and-play of visual, user-facing web services with portals or other intermediary web applications. Being a standard, WSRP enables interoperability between a standards-enabled container based on a particular language (such as JSR 286, .NET, Perl) and any WSRP portal. A portlet (regardless of language) deployed to a WSRP-enabled container can be rendered in any application that supports this standard.
In the People Connections service, a feature for viewing and managing information about yourself, such as your contact information, manager, and direct reports, and for viewing this information about other application users.
Portlets constructed in a non-declarative manner using APIs. Also referred to as hand- or manually-coded portlets.
A JSR 286 feature that enables portlets to share parameter values, allowing a form of interportlet communication.
A space that is available to all users, even those who are not logged in to the Spaces application.
A page within the Spaces application that is available to all users, even those who are not logged in to the application.
A portlet parameter that is known to the page and bound to it by way of a page variable.
Contrast with private parameter.
A user who can access, but is not logged into, a WebCenter Portal application. A public user can view any page that has been marked as public, but cannot personalize or edit any content, or view pages that have any form of access control.
Contrast with authenticated user.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides a means of tracking recent activities in a Framework application.
A weighted list of similarity calculations. The weighting of each calculation determines its significance in deciding the overall recommendation score. Recommendations are ordered by their total recommendation score.
A user interface element in a task flow chrome increasing or decreasing the height of the task flow.
Items users can manage through the Resource Manager, like page templates, skins, task flows, navigations, and so on. Spaces categorizes resources under the following categories: Structure, Look and Layout, and Mashups.
Resource Action Handling framework
Enables services that expose custom resources to be viewed, searched, and tagged.
A catalog that provides a federated view of one or more otherwise unrelated repositories in a unified search and browse user interface. Resources are created and published in their source repository and are then exposed to the developer in JDeveloper's Resource Palette and to the end user in the Resource Catalog Viewer. Resource catalogs can contain layout components, Oracle ADF components, portlets, service task flows, and documents.
The starting point for accessing WebCenter Portal REST APIs. Sending a GET request to the Resource Index URI returns a list of links to entry points for all available services.
Enables users with the appropriate privileges to continue developing the portal after the application has been deployed. Using the Resource Manager users can also download runtime portal resources (from Framework applications and Spaces) and import them into Oracle JDeveloper for further development. These resources can then be exported from JDeveloper and uploaded back into the deployed application.
Defines the type of resource that a WebCenter Portal REST API link identifies. Use resource types to determine the response bodies for GET requests and allowable request bodies for POST and PUT. Also use
resourceType attributes on entities to uniquely identify their type.
Oracle WebCenter Portal provides a set of web-based REST (REpresentational State Transfer) APIs for retrieving and modifying server data dynamically from the client. REST APIs are available for Discussions service, People Connections service, and Spaces application (Spaces).
A server process that hides the physical location of internal servers by exposing the servers as a single public site. Requests to the public site are routed to the appropriate internal server.
Round-trip development refers to features and techniques that allow you to retrieve resources from a deployed, runtime portal back to JDeveloper for maintenance or enhancement. After modifying a resource in JDeveloper, you can use the Resource Manager to upload the resource back to the deployed portal. WebCenter Portal's round-trip development features provide a simple, convenient way to modify portal resources without redeploying the entire application.
An RSS reader provided with the Spaces application that incorporates public news feeds from external sources onto application pages. This RSS reader is available only in Spaces, and not in Framework applications.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides a means of publishing content from other services as news feeds. The RSS service supports both RSS 2.0 and Atom 1.0 formats.
A WebCenter Portal service that enables the discovery of information and people in an application, returning only the results users are authorized to see
A predefined page where users can register with the Spaces application, thus creating themselves an identity store login account. Administrators can customize certain aspects of this page.
A predefined page where users can register to become members of a space. Moderators can customize certain aspects of this page.
In Expression Language, the string that identifies a particular service. For example, the string
oracle.webcenter.collab.announcement is the service ID for the Announcements service.
A PDK-Java producer's unique identifier. PDK-Java enables you to deploy multiple producers under a single adapter servlet. Different producers are identified by their unique service IDs. A service ID is required only when a service ID/producer name is not appended to the URL endpoint.
See SOA.
A Java program that usually runs on a Web server, extending the web server's functionality. HTTP servlets take client HTTP requests, generate dynamic content (such as through querying a database), and provide an HTTP response.
A display language specified by the user that remains in effect for the life of the session cookie (from log on to log off). If the user clears browser cookies, the display language reverts to the user-level default language, if specified, then to the application-level default language set by the Spaces administrator. Set the session language in the Change Language pop-up, accessible from the Welcome page.
A portlet mode that renders the body of the portlet and enables you to display a portlet on a page that can contain other portlets. Every portlet must have at least a Shared Screen mode.
See also View mode.
A component provided in the Composer tag library that renders a border or chrome around the child component. It provides a header with an Actions menu and thereby providers user interface (UI) controls to customize the display of the child component. However, to customize the display of the child component, the Show Detail Frame component must be included inside a Panel Customizable component.
A portlet mode that provides full-browser display of the portlet. For example, a portlet in Show Page mode could be limited to displaying only the ten most recently submitted expense reports, while the same portlet in Show Details Page mode could show all submissions.
Contrast with Show Page mode.
Types of portlet modes encompassing Show Page mode and Show Details Page mode.
A portlet mode that provides a smaller portlet display to allow space for additional portlets and other objects in the browser window. For example, a portlet in Show Page mode could be limited to displaying only the ten most recently submitted expense reports, while the same portlet in Show Details Page mode could show all submissions.
Contrast with Show Details Page mode.
Used by the Activity Graph service to provide a similarity score (a number between zero and one) that designates how similar two objects are to each other given a specific criterion. The weighting of each calculation determines its significance in deciding the overall recommendation score. Recommendations are ordered by their total recommendation score.
A style sheet based on the CSS 3.0 syntax specified in one place for an entire application. Instead of providing a style sheet for each component, or inserting a style sheet on each page, you can create one skin for the entire application.
Service Oriented Architecture. A design methodology aimed at maximizing the reuse of application services.
A view, in Oracle JDeveloper, that provides a way to directly edit the source code of a file.
A view, in Oracle WebCenter Portal's Composer, that provides a selectable structural representation of a page and its components.
See also Design view (Spaces).
A work area within Spaces that supports a group of people of any size that is organized around an area of interest or a common goal.
A web-based application that offers the very latest technology for social networking, communication, collaboration, and personal productivity. Spaces uses services and applications to bring everything together that users require to exchange ideas with others, keep track of personal and work-related tasks, interact with critical applications, and zero in on projects and interests; all within a single integrated environment.
An image displayed alongside space names on the Spaces page in My Spaces to help other users with identification and location.
An image displayed on the Home space page to provide a visual identity for the space. The Home space logos also display alongside the space name at the top of the page in Full Screen Mode.
A user who is participating in a space. Members can be added or invited to a space, or they can subscribe to a space themselves if self-registration is enabled.
A user who initially created a space. The space owner is automatically also a moderator of the space.
A starting point for creating a new space. Spaces includes several out-of-the-box templates to get you started, and you can create custom space templates using existing spaces as the basis.
A predefined page that displays when a space member tries to open a space that is temporarily offline. Moderators can customize this page.
Spaces application administrator
See administrator.
A menu showing three areas: Recent Spaces lists up to ten recently accessed spaces, followed by spaces to which current user most recently gained access. My Spaces lists all spaces to which the current user has access, in alphabetical order. A list of links provides direct access from the menu to the Home space, the Spaces browser page, and the Create a Space dialog.
A development framework for Java servlet applications based upon the MVC design paradigm.
Used to override the style information from the skin CSS to set specific instances of component display.
A WebCenter Portal service that enables users to apply their own terms to application objects, making it possible to search for those objects using personally meaningful terms.
A set of ADF Controller activities, control flow rules, and managed beans that interact to allow a user to complete a task. Task flows provide a modular approach for defining control flow in an application. Instead of representing an application as a single JSF page flow, developers can break it up into a collection of reusable task flows.
An area at the top of a task flow that displays the task flow name and various tools for interacting with the task flow.
See space template, application templates, and custom display template.
A layout component available through Composer. A rich text editor for providing static page text. For designers of Framework applications, this is the runtime equivalent of a Rich Text Editor component.
A predefined page that is shown when someone without access permission tries to open a page.
See private parameter.
Changes that affects only a user's own work space.
See also application customization and personalization
A caching method that uses a validation check to determine if the cached item is still valid.
Contrast with expiry-based caching.
Virtual Content Repository (VCR) enables you to plug in multiple, heterogeneous content repositories.
Spaces users who can look at the information in a space but cannot contribute any of their own.
(JSR 286 portlets only.) A portlet mode that enables you to display a JSR 286 portlet on a page that can contain other portlets. It is the only required mode for JSR 286 portlets.
See also Shared Screen mode.
Web application archive file. This file is used in deploying applications on a Java EE application server. WAR files encapsulate in a single module all of the components necessary to run an application. WAR files typically contain an application's servlet, JSP, and JSF JSP components.
See also EAR.
Technologies, such as wiki, RSS, and blogs, that enable the construction of highly interactive web applications.
See also Oracle WebCenter Portal services.
See WAR.
A browser-based declarative tool that enables you to integrate any web application with your Framework application. It is designed to give you quick integration by leveraging the web application's existing user interface. You can drag and drop Web Clipping portlets onto a
*.jspx page.
A layout component available through Composer. A means of embedding another web site, wiki, or blog within the context of a page which is created in the Spaces application. For designers of Framework applications, this is the equivalent of an Inline Frame component.
Web Services for Remote Portlets
See WSRP.
A WebCenter Portal application based on Oracle WebCenter Portal: Framework or Oracle WebCenter Portal: Spaces.
WebCenter Portal's Extension for Oracle JDeveloper
An extension available through the Oracle JDeveloper Update Wizard that installs the necessary libraries, templates, wizards, and dialogs needed to build and deploy Framework applications in Oracle JDeveloper.
WebCenter Portal systems administrator
See administrator.
See WLS.
There are two types of Welcome page:
Public Welcome page: A predefined page that users encounter before logging in to the Spaces application.
Personal Welcome page: A predefined page that introduces users to their Home space.
A page that provides in-place editing using HTML or a simple mark-up language. Any user with sufficient privileges can add, revise, and remove wiki content.
WebLogic Server. A scalable, enterprise-ready Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) application server. The WebLogic Server infrastructure supports the deployment of many types of distributed applications and is an ideal foundation for building applications based on Service Oriented Architectures (SOA).
See also Integrated WLS
WebLogic Scripting Tool. A command line tool for managing Oracle Fusion Middleware components, such as Oracle WebCenter Portal.
A WebCenter Portal service that provides access to notifications, alerts, and BPEL tasks assigned to the current user.
Web Services for Remote Portlets (WSRP) is a web services standard that allows the plug-and-play of visual, user-facing web services with portals or other intermediary web applications. Being a standard, WSRP enables interoperability between a standards-enabled container based on a particular language (such as JSR 286, .NET, Perl) and any WSRP portal. A portlet (regardless of language) deployed to a WSRP-enabled container can be rendered on any portal that supports this standard.


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Clarksville TN Online is the voice of the people of Clarksville Tennessee.Clarksville Online takes you beyond the ordinary in local news and gives the Extras: political coverage, opinion pieces and editorial work, local and regional arts and theater, municipal and county news and events, and more.
[Read more]
To submit Clarksville Tennessee area news, story leads, tips, or press releases send us an email
Written by Alan Buis
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA – An area of the Amazon rainforest twice the size of California continues to suffer from the effects of a megadrought that began in 2005, finds a new NASA-led study.
These results, together with observed recurrences of droughts every few years and associated damage to the forests in southern and western Amazonia in the past decade, suggest these rainforests may be showing the first signs of potential large-scale degradation due to climate change.
The megadrought in the Amazon rainforest during the summer of 2005 caused widespread damage and die-offs to trees, as depicted in this photo taken in Western Amazonia in Brazil. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
«Read the rest of this article»

subset: commoncrawl


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Let's meet up.
Aston International Office staff and colleagues regularly visit a number of countries around the globe, including the UK. During these visits, staff are available to meet Aston alumni, counsel and interview prospective students, give seminars and participate in a number of Higher Education Exhibitions and Fairs.
So if you want to find more about study opportunities at Aston, please come and see us. If you read about the exhibitions on this web page, mention it to the Aston representatives at the exhibition.
Forthcoming dates and locations are as follows:
Student Center Fair
Browser does not support script.


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|Leigh Spusta
|App Views
|2,788 views
|0 votes
|Google Rating
"Chakra Attunement Meditation" Attune to the music as you are guided through the meditation. Brought to you by internationally recognized brainwave audio entrainment expert and hypnotherapist Leigh Spusta.Allow yourself to relax into this highly acclaimed chakra music, designed to shift consecutively through the seven energy centers. As you move through this 21 minute program, Leigh's voice guides your focus to assist you in visualizing and experiencing each center, your awareness being directed to bring the chakras into harmonic balance. This is a powerful, synergistic program that combines the potent, resonant chakra attunement music with the benefits of having your consciousness guided through the meditation. According to ancient practice and wisdom in India, our bodies have a spiritual life force energy flowing through seven vortex centers, or wheels, each being associated with the seven endocrine glands in the physical body. When these centers are flowing properly, we are whole, harmonious and healthy, and when imbalanced or constricted, the result is a lack of energy, illness, and strife. We can bring balance and wellness into our lives by balancing our chakras, by the means of attunement – the use of specific sounds, and meditation … Leigh Spusta is a behavioral scientist, hypnotherapist, and Certified Therapeutic Imagery Facilitator specializing in the use of sound frequencies to produce deep, relaxing trance states. He has worked with several therapists in Los Angeles, producing a variety of therapeutic audio cds. Leigh combines his talents as a musician and his knowledge of hypnosis and related states, in an effort to pioneer new approaches in creating rich, resonant sound-scapes for greater efficacy in healing and meditative products. Leigh is the developer of the proprietary PsimatiX™ therapeutic approaches and technologies. Brainwave Entrainment / Binaural Beats / Isochronic Tones / Monaural Beats / Vibro-acoustics / Hemispheric Synchronization / Alpha State / Theta State / Delta State / Relaxation / Hypnosis / Hypnotic Music / Meditation / Stress Reduction / Tension Release / Chakra Alignment – Attunement – Balancing / Harmony / Schumann Resonance / Frequency / Mind Audio / Trance / Healing / Therapy


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Welcome to Roy R. Lederman's homepage.
I am an Assistant Professor at the Department of Statistics and Data Science at Yale University. I am also a member of the Quantitative Biology Institute (QBio) at Yale.
In 2015-2018 I was a postdoc in the Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics at Princeton University, working with Amit Singer. In 2014-2015 I was a Gibbs Assistant Professor in the Applied Mathematics Program at Yale University, where I also got my PhD, working with Vladimir Rokhlin and Raphy Coifman. I have a BSc in physics and a BSc in electrical engineering from Tel-Aviv University.
I am looking for extraordinary postdocs and extraordinary graduate students (at Yale, any graduate program).
For more information, please see positions and postdocs.
Interests and Recent work
- Mathematics of data science
- The combination of inverse problems and unsupervised learning
- Applied harmonics analysis
- Numerical analysis and signal processing: the truncated Fourier transform, prolate functions, the Laplace transform, decaying signals
- Empirical geometry of data: unsupervised learning, manifold learning, diffusion maps, multi-sensor problems
- Structural biology and cryo-EM: inverse problems and unsupervised learning, applications of representation theory, numerical analysis, and data organization to imaging of molecules
- Computational biology: fast search algorithms, statistics of DNA, sequencing, organization of biological data
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a method for imaging molecules without crystallization. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson "for the development of cryo-electron microscopy, which both simplifies and improves the imaging of biomolecules." I work on various problems of alignment, classification and signal processing that are motivated by application in cryo-EM with many other applications. I am particularly interested in heterogeneity, i.e. imaging of mixtures of different types of molecules.
I work on "hyper-molecules" which represent heterogeneous molecules as higher-dimension objects. The movie below is an example of a reconstruction of a continuously heterogeneous object, using the approach described in this paper and this paper.
Recent recorded talks:
NYC Computational Cryo-EM Summer Workshop, August 2019
Computational Harmonic Analysis and Data Science, October 2019
This is one of several approaches that I am developing for the heterogeneity problem in cryo-EM, and for other aspects of cryo-EM. For more information on my work in cryo-EM, see project page.
Preliminary results. See project page.
Acknowledgements: Adam Frost, Lakshmi Miller-Vedam, Joakim Anden
Numerical Analysis and Signal Processing
Prolate Functions
The Truncated Fourier Transform and its eigenfunctions, Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions (PSWF) and Generalized Prolate Spheroidal Functions (GPSF) (also known as Slepian Functions) are frequently encountered in mathematics, physics, signal processing, optics and other areas. Surprisingly, very few resources and code for the numerical computation of GPSFs and their eigenvalues are publicly available. Our sample implementation and associated paper are available at http://github.com/lederman/prol. The code also contains an experimental "open-source proof," which is code for analytical proofs of some of the results that appear in this paper.
The Laplace Transform and Grunbaum Functions
The Laplace transform is frequently encountered in mathematics, physics, engineering and other areas. However, the spectral properties of the Laplace transform tend to complicate its numerical treatment; therefore, the closely related "Truncated" Laplace Transforms are often used in applications.
The numerical and analytical properties of the Truncated Laplace Transform are discussed in this paper (dissertation), this paper (part I) and this paper (part II).
Bounds on Transforms
Lower bounds on the truncated Fourier transform and truncated Laplace transform: see paper.
Geometry of Data
Alternating Diffusion, a method for recovering the common variable in multi-sensor experiments, is discussed in this paper, this technical report and this project webpage.
A different approach to the common variable recovery problem, which also constructs representations that are invariable to unknown transformations, is discussed in this paper.
What's going on? Why is everything spinning? See project webpage,
this paper and in this report.
This experiment has nothing to do with the cryo-EM experiment above. Rotating animals are a very convenient visualization.
Computational Biology
Random Permutations Based Alignment
I have developed randomized algorithms for sequencing of DNA and RNA.
Paper: "A Random-Permutations-Based Approach to Fast Read Alignment" (RECOMB-SEQ 2013).
Also see this paper about the properties of DNA and sequencing.
The algorithm is also used to construct approximate overlap graphs. These graph are used for fast assembly. Unlike other algorithms, this algorithm allows errors in the reads, so no error-correction is necessary prior to the construction of the graph. See: paper.
Additional Computational Biology Algorithms
The repetitive nature of DNA strings is one of the challenges in read alignment. When one examines longer substrings of DNA, they appear less repetitive, or more unique; permutations-based algorithms benefit from this property. We describe a way of measuring the property in this paper and ways of using this property in reads with many "indels," in this paper.
Homopolymer Length Filters
Homopolymer length filters eliminate the mapping problem caused by homopolymer length errors (ionTorrent/454). See paper.
Select Teaching
|S&DS262/S&DS562 : Computational Tools for Data Science
|Yale, Spring 2020
|S&DS663 : Computational Mathematics for Data Science
|Yale, Fall 2019
|S&DS676 : Signal Processing for Data Science
|Yale, Spring 2019
|S&DS663 : Computational Mathematics for Data Science
|Yale, Fall 2018
|MATH555 / AMTH555 : Elements of Mathematical Machine Learning
|Yale, Spring 2015
|MATH 112 : Calculus of Functions of One Variable I
|Yale, Spring 2015


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14 Signs a Stripper Is Terrible at Her Job
Stripping isn't exactly the ideal vocational choice for most women growing up. Or maybe it is — who are we to say?
While we've all heard the sad story of the young woman who dances down to her lady bits to make money to pay for college, the truth is stripping isn't for everyone. Sure, you may have the body, but knowing how to shake your moneymaker for big bucks is another matter entirely. So, here are some ways you can tell if a stripper is so bad at her job that maybe she ought to consider a different career choice, like roadkill cleaner:
1. Her name is Kevin.
2. The only pole where she can dance is on a playground with a tetherball attached to it.
3. When a guy slips her a dollar, he asks for change.
4. She doesn't have daddy issues.
5. It's her day job. Seriously. She can't get any night shifts and has to work overnights as a waitress.
6. She can't afford one of the $12 Cokes that's sold at her club.
7. Her dream is to be a consultant on 'The Client List.'
8. She got her G-string at the dollar store, where it's sold as a "D-string."
9. When she comes out on stage, she excites men by dressing up as the seductive, enticing and alluring Kathy Bates.
10. She doesn't have chlamydia.
11. The music she plays during her routine is 'John Tesh Live at Red Rocks.'
12. The only magazine that will pay her to pose naked is 'Saggy Illustrated.'
13. She offers to pay you for a lap dance.
14. When she tells people she's looking for a sugar daddy, she's actually referring to the candy.


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Microsoft Outlook: Client versus OWA
categories: Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Outlook is available for students, faculty and staff both on campus and out of campus via Outlook Web Access (OWA).
OWA needs a browser (e.g., Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc.) to access email, calendar etc.
On campus, in the open labs, as well as on office computers, Microsoft outlook is also available through the Client Outlook. The Outlook client is software application installed on each particular computer on campus:
The advantage of OWA is that it allows email, calendar and contacts to be accessed from anywhere.
The advantage of the Outlook client is that allows greater productivity and additional features, compared to OWA.


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Red Eagle Hosting is a Norwegian based hosting company that prides itself on providing affordable services without compromising quality or support. Founded in 2014 by Jan Marius we strive to ensure maximum reliability and performance in every service we offer, and this would not be possible without quality hardware. Our machines use only high end enterprise components purchased from reliable wholesale suppliers to ensure affordability without compromising in performance. We am to maintain this level of quality as we move forward.
Date Founded: 2014-11-25
Coupon Codes:
Website: https://redeagle-servers.net/


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Zoo games are getting more popular by the minute. Millions of players take care of virtual animals in their very own zoo, cuddle them and make sure their loved ones have a comfy home, for instance by placing decorations in and around their enclosures. Take the game Free Aqua Zoo: here, players catch their own fish in nearby lakes, place them in their aquarium, feed, cuddle and level them up bit by bit. Additionally, players may breed cute baby fish here. Zoo games such as Free Aqua Zoo and My Free Zoo offer hours upon hours of gaming fun to the entire family. That's why players of all ages love zoo browser games. Young professionals or senior citizens - the intuitively understandable and highly diversified gaming principle games such as My Free Zoo and Free Aqua Zoo offer to their players attracts women and men likewise. And what's more: these zoo games can be played entirely for free! Why? Well, zoo games such as My Free Zoo are what is commonly known under the term browser games. Browser games are a special form of online games that can be played directly via your internet browser (for instance Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Google Chrome, Safari etc.): no downloads or installations necessary! This ensures countless hours of free gaming fun - on zoo games as My Free Zoo or Free Aqua Zoo.
Zoo games offer a variety of great features. Thrilling quests, interesting tasks, amazing rewards, allowing players to share their experiences with other players and guilds - zoo games are as diverse as their features. My Free Zoo or Free Aqua Zoo - the advantages of browser based zoo games manage to convince more and more players by the minute. These games can be played for free and are constantly updated with great new features. Entertainment and excitement guaranteed! And the technical requirements are minimal, too. Anyone who has internet access may sign up and play My Free Zoo and Free Aqua Zoo. All you need is a valid email-address and you can start playing right after having signed up. The game will start off with a special introduction. The introduction to the game, the tutorial, will explain the basic functions of zoo games such as Free Aqua Zoo or My Free Zoo to its players in a highly entertaining manner. New players take their first playful steps into the zoo browser game: how do I tend to my animals, where do I place them, how much attention do they need? All these questions will be answered in the tutorials of games as My Free Zoo and Free Aqua Zoo. This allows new players to learn how to handle the game, so they are able to entirely focus on the gaming fun Free Aqua Zoo and My Free Zoo are practically bursting with.
They are cute, cute, cute! Animals have always managed to fascinate humans. But not just in real life: the four-legged, finned or feathery companions are equally popular in virtual worlds. Look at zoo games such as MyFreeZoo and Free Aqua Zoo: here, players are able to take care of their animal friends, cuddle them and create a highly entertaining environment for them. If tended to on a regular basis, online animals, too, will grow up to become amazing personalities. Of course these games have been created with an ample dose of fun: players of zoo games such as Free Aqua Zoo will meet the planet's craziest fish: from sausage fish to torpedo trout or camel carp. The faunal biodiversity of zoo games is simply stunning and far from scientifically correct and boring. Zoo games manage to convince due to their game mechanics and manage to entertain players of all ages with their funny animals and their highly diversified game worlds - plus, they can be played entirely for free!


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Center for Scalable Application Development Software (CScADS)
The Center for Scalable Application Development Software (CScADS) was established in January 2007 as a partnership between University of Wisconsin at Madison. The mission of the center is to catalyze the development of software tools and libraries that enable applications to achieve scalable performance on the DOE's leadership computing platforms and increase the productivity of DOE computational scientists.
CScADS is pursuing an integrated set of activities including workshops to engage the research community in the challenges of leadership computing, research and development of open-source software, and work with computational scientists to help them develop codes for leadership computing platforms.
The figure above illustrates the relationships between the Center's activities. The flow of ideas originates from two sources: workshops for community outreach and vision-building, and direct involvement with application development. These activities focus research efforts on important problems. In turn, research drives the infrastructure development by identifying capabilities that are needed to support the long-range vision. Infrastructure feeds back into the research program, but also supports prototyping of software tools that support further application development. Finally, experiences by developers using prototype compilers, tools and libraries will spur the next cycle of research and development.
For more information about CScADS, see an an overview of CScADS research, information about the CScADS Summer Workshops, or the CScADS Executive Summary.
News & Events
- Nathan Tallent, a member of the HPCToolkit project team, was named one of two George Michael Memorial HPC Fellows for 2009.
- [Download a PDF copy of the paper]
- ZeptoOS version 2.0 is now available for the Blue Gene/P architecture!
- Center overview slides are available from an October 2008 DOE review meeting.
To contact CScADS, see our Contacts Page.


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Snowden Sounds Off on Obama, China, Tech Companies
Edward Snowden, the former NSA contractor behind a series of revelations about secret government surveillance programs, participated in an online forum Monday with the Guardian. Devlin Barrett has some of the highlights.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the ... former NSA contractor Edward Snowden answering questions in an online forum today that swirled ... in the public today since he leaked information about secret government surveillance from ... a few weeks ago here are the highlights right now is the beest reporter ... Devlin Barrett Devon thanks for being here ... I'm just ... a quick recap up for people who hear your coming late to the story ... of love what happens happen with Edward Snowden in the past few weeks ... well he ... did mention the outer themselves as being a source of a couple of major stories one about the phone ... records surveillance program ... that scooped up ... basically almost all of the phone ... record in United States ... any other called Prism which was about ... monitoring ... of ... Internet usage of ... people believed to be foreign ... to the United States ... and all those are pretty major revelations and even Tim Hortons and I'm that person can provide this information ... and today what you saw was that he did a Q A online ... the Guardian newspaper website ... and just describe or motivations ... and some pretty forceful I and and and colorful words from them ... but just talk a little bit about the highlights as you all been calling through this online conversation questions ... arising about whether he possibly was providing information to China when using Chinese informant ... had he addressed that that one ... he has adamantly deny the city the only people he spoke in Europe and journalists he he's not talking to China are interested in talking to China ... he said I was is red herring for him to try and discredit him ... he also takes ... describe a great deal of anger towards both present Obama ... or would you call failing to look up to campaign promises ... and to Vice President Dick Cheney said that it was an honor to have been called a traitor by those present that I can wear his Latina moments ago at some of his direct words saying you know after sell he said ask yourself if I were Chinese spy why what Naya flown ... directly into Beijing you in on the SEC could be ... living in a palace heading in ... the next bite now alright ... you mentioned earlier Devon Bet on ... about the prison for Prism program and how that ... I the connection between that and some of our big tech companies ... in the US who will Facebook ... aam tells about you know what he had alleged the link was there and what he said today about those companies' responses to his charges ... Brian and spur more interesting dynamic your because he has made assertions that the government essentially ... he's government spying programs have direct access ... to a ... systems like Google's system already up a system or Facebook says ... and those companies that have pre adamantly deny that ... and when she saw today was he really stuck to his guns he said look that's ... that's the de facto reality of what they can do ... there are plenty of people in the U S government to say that it's just an ... overstatement in an exaggeration of what's going on ... but you know part of the challenge of these stories is ... even when you have this one so much that it still remains us but remain secret ... that is sometimes hard to tell who's who's the most truthful ... and I think is going after them about their denials I basically violated widget and I'll say they withdraw the provisions in it became ... more and more clear that they were misleading included identical specific language across the company so ... I really is honing in on that ... you when it was a rear seat is where it is Edward Snowden right now what possible ... charges are in the future for him potentially demoing now ... I will as far as anyone tell you still in Hong Kong and he has said that he intends to fight ... his position from Hong Kong he's he's ... seems to send ... him he will stay there and its ... age the U S government charges that he will fight extradition ... did we know the US government is considering charges against him is ... doing an investigation putting together a criminal case ... but to our knowledge there's been no filing of actual charges against him yet ... if ... everything right now points to the notion that at some point ... this will be an extradition fight in the Hong Kong courts is ... tight Devlin Barrett thank you so much for being with this will contain a fall the story ... on WS J dot com and with everybody ... on YouTube appreciate it ...


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|This is the article on volume 35 of the manga. For chapter 313, head to The New Twosome!!.
|The New Twosome!!
|(新たなる二人組!!, Aratanaru Futarigumi!!)
|Volume Info
|The Time of Reunion…!!
|35 (Read Online)
|Team 10
|Release Date
|November 2, 2006 (ISBN 978-4-08-874273-1)
|February 3, 2009 (ISBN 978-1-4215-2003-2)
The New Twosome!! (新たなる二人組!!, Aratanaru Futarigumi!!) is volume 35 of the Naruto manga.
Chapter 310
- "Title" (タイトル, Taitoru)
Naruto and Sakura cry for failing once again to retrieve Sasuke. Sai cheers them up by pointing out that they still have time before Orochimaru can take Sasuke's body and adds that he will help them in the future. They return to Konoha. Sai reports to Danzō and, despite not killing Sasuke as he was instructed, asks to remain with Team 7. Danzō agrees, but warns him about growing attached to others. Later, Sai begins to work on a new painting, but decides to stop so he can spend time with his new friends.
Chapter 311
- "Nicknames" (あだ名, Adana)
Sai visits the library to learn about how to make friends. After reading about nicknames, Sai tries to put the concept into practice by calling Sakura "ugly". He and Naruto, who tries to keep Sakura at bay, are injured in her wrath. The three meet with Kakashi in the hospital and tell them about their encounter with Sasuke. Because Sasuke has become so much stronger than them, Naruto worries that they will only fail again the next time they try to retrieve him. Kakashi replies that Naruto will merely need to get stronger, and proposes a training method that only Naruto can undertake.
Chapter 312
- "The Creeping Threat!!" (忍び寄る脅威!!, Shinobiyoru Kyōi!!)
Kakashi says that Naruto will need to create a new technique, something he will be able to do in a very short period of time thanks to the training regiment Kakashi has come up with. Before Kakashi can elaborate they are interrupted by Team 10, who offers to take Team 7 out to lunch. Kakashi and Asuma stay behind while the others go out to mingle. Sai tries once again to use nicknames to make friends. He begins to call Chōji fat, but is advised against it by Naruto. Turning his attention to Ino, and remembering that Sakura did not like hearing how she actually appeared, Sai concludes that women prefer hearing the opposite of what is true. He therefore calls Ino "beautiful". Sakura becomes angry, having expected him to insult Ino. Elsewhere, Akatsuki members Hidan and Kakuzu attack Yugito Nii.
Chapter 313
- "The New Twosome!!" (新たなる二人組!!, Aratanaru Futarigumi!!)
Yugito, having lured Hidan and Kakuzu into a trap, seals the exits to prevent them from escaping. She transforms into the Two-Tails and attacks them, but they are not concerned. In Konoha, Asuma begins to speak with Kakashi about something when they are interrupted by Kurenai. Asuma leaves with her, saying he'll talk to Kakashi later. Hidan and Kakuzu manage to defeat Yugito, though quickly bicker over why it took so long to do so. They then prepare to go to the Land of Fire.
Chapter 314
- "Akatsuki Invades…!!" ("暁"侵攻…!!, "Akatsuki" Shinkō…!!)
Zetsu takes the unconscious Yugito while Hidan and Kakuzu continue on to the Land of Fire. They go to the Fire Temple to seek out the temple's head monk, Chiriku, in order to claim the bounty on his head. In Konoha, Kakashi explains to Naruto that creating a new technique requires combining nature transformation and shape transformation, concepts that Naruto pretends to understand. Asuma also visits his father's, the Third Hokage's, grave, and remarks that, despite their differences, the Third was a good father. Meanwhile, the Fire Temple has been destroyed and Chiriku killed. Hidan and Kakuzu take his body to the nearest bounty station.
Chapter 315
- "Special Training!!" (特別な修業!!, Tokubetsuna Shugyō!!)
Kakashi explains that, although combining shape transformation and nature transformation usually takes years, Naruto will be able to do so in a fraction of the time by training with shadow clones. Kakashi then demonstrates how shadow clones transfer what they learn during their existence back to the originator when they disperse. Having never noticed this before, Naruto asks if training with hundreds of clones to learn things a hundred times faster is how Kakashi became so strong. Kakashi replies that only Naruto can do this sort of training because he has access to the Nine-Tailed Demon Fox's chakra. Yamato joins them to help Naruto keep the fox in control. Before Naruto can start on his new technique, they must first determine his nature affinity; it is Wind Release.
Chapter 316
- "Training, Begin!!" (修業、始め!!, Shugyō, Hajime!!)
Kakashi and Yamato explain the different nature transformations to Naruto and how his nature, Wind Release, has the greatest offensive capabilities. In order to master wind, Naruto and hundreds of shadow clones must learn how to slice leaves with chakra, something they slowly begin to progress with. Meanwhile, Asuma plays shōgi with Shikamaru and they begin relating the various pieces to positions within Konoha. After Asuma makes an uncharacteristic move, sacrificing a knight to protect the king, Shikamaru suggests that the knight represents ninja like them while the king represent the Hokage. Asuma tells him that he has the identity of the king wrong, and that he'll learn someday.
Chapter 317
- "The Beginning of the Nightmare!!" (悪夢の始まり!!, Akumu no Hajimari!!)
Deidara and his new partner, Tobi, confront the Three-Tails. Although it is his assignment, Tobi runs away in fright, forcing Deidara to intervene. In Konoha, Naruto makes steady progress with his Wind Release training. He nevertheless asks if there is someone else in Konoha who can use wind and could give him pointers. Kakashi directs him to Asuma. Asuma explains to one of Naruto's shadow clones that wind has great piercing potential. Naruto suggests that ordinary weapons would be better for such a purpose, so Asuma demonstrates how superior wind is to every other possible weapon. The clone disperses and passes what it has learned to the others. Meanwhile, word reaches Tsunade of Akatsuki's attack on the Fire Temple. She orders the Nijū Shōtai be gathered.
Chapter 318
- "Smooth Training" (順調なる修業, Junchōnaru Shugyō)
Deidara and Tobi defeated the Three-Tails and started towing it to the nearest Akatsuki base. Tobi insisted that he did all the work, which Deidara disagreed with. Tobi fell asleep while he's arguing his case, prompting Deidara to attack him. In Konoha, Naruto was finally able to cut a leaf in two, completing the first phase of his Wind Release training. For the second step, Naruto must use wind to halt the flow of a waterfall that Yamato created. Meanwhile, Tsunade instructs the Nijū Shōtai to capture or eliminate Akatsuki members Hidan and Kakuzu before they leave the Land of Fire. When Asuma hears how they killed Chiriku, he decides to take his team to the Fire Temple.
Chapter 319
- "Driving Forces" (つき動かすもの, Tsukiugokasu Mono)
As Asuma and his team depart for the Fire Temple, they take a detour passed Kurenai's apartment, who sees them go. Meanwhile, Naruto and his small group of shadow clones are unable to affect the waterfall they are training with. Naruto says he needs to use more shadow clones and thus a larger waterfall if he is to make any progress, but Kakashi advises against it. Naruto insists that he needs to catch up to Sasuke, so Kakashi instructs Yamato to make the waterfall bigger. Naruto trains through the night, motivated by Sasuke, and is eventually able to stop the waterfall with his Wind Release.
Author's Note
|Curry rice or rice curry... I have no idea what the difference is...
—Masashi Kishimoto, 2006