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A collection of scholarly works about individual liberty and free markets. A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.
The Teachings of Zoroaster and the Philosophy of the Parsi Religion, ed. S.A. Kapadia (London: John Murray, 1905). https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1267,
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A collection of extracts of the most important writings and sayings of Zarathushstra the founder of the Zoroastrian religion.
The text is in the public domain.
This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit.
"Purity is for man, next to life, the greatest good—that purity is procured by the law of Mazda to him who cleanses his own self with Good Thoughts, Words, and Deeds.
"Make thyself pure, O righteous man! Any one in the world here below can win purity for himself, namely, when he cleanses himself with Good Thoughts, Good Words, and Good Deeds."
" . . . The law of Mazda cleanses the faithful from every evil thought, word, and deed, as a swift-rushing, mighty wind cleanses the plain.
"So let all deeds thou doest be henceforth good. . . . A full atonement for thy sin is effected by means of the law of Mazda."
The sage asked the Spirit of Wisdom thus: "How is it possible to seek maintenance and prosperity of the body without injury of the soul, and the preservation of the soul without injury of the body?"
The Spirit of Wisdom answered thus: "Him who is less than thee consider as an equal, and an equal as a superior, and a greater than him as a chieftain, and a chieftain as a ruler. And among rulers one is to be acquiescent, obedient, and true-speaking; and among accusers be submissive, mild, and kindly regardful.
"Commit no slander; so that infamy and Edition: current; Page: [59] wickedness may not happen unto thee. For it is said that slander is more grievous than witchcraft.
"Form no covetous desire, so that the demon of greediness may not deceive thee, and the treasure of the world may not be tasteless to thee.
"Indulge in no wrathfulness, for a man when he indulges in wrath becomes then forgetful of his duty and good works . . . and sin and crime of every kind occur unto his mind, and until the subsiding of the wrath he is said to be just like Ahareman.*
"Suffer no anxiety, for he who is a sufferer of anxiety becomes regardless of enjoyment of the world and the spirit, and contraction happens to his body and soul.
"Commit no lustfulness, so that harm and regret may not reach thee from thine own actions.
"Bear no improper envy, so that thy life may not become tasteless.
"Practice no sloth, so that the duty and good work, which it is necessary for thee to do, may not remain undone.
"Choose a wife who is of character, because Edition: current; Page: [60] that one is good who in the end is more respected.
"Thou shouldst be diligent and moderate, and eat of thine own regular industry, and provide the share of the sacred beings and the good; and thus the practice of this in thy occupation is the greatest good work.
"With enemies fight with equity. With a friend proceed with the approval of friends. With a malicious man carry on no conflict, and do not molest him in any way whatever. With a greedy man thou shouldst not be a partner, and do not trust him with the leadership. With an ill-famed man form no connection. With an ignorant man thou shouldst not become a confederate and associate. With a foolish man make no dispute. With a drunken man do not walk on the road. From an ill-natured man take no loan.
"In forming a store of good works thou shouldst be diligent, so that it may come to thy assistance among the spirits.
"Thou shouldst not become presumptuous through any happiness of the world; for the happiness of the world is such-like as a cloud that comes on a rainy day, which one does not ward off by any hill.Edition: current; Page: [61]
"Thou shouldst not become presumptuous through much treasure and wealth; for in the end it is necessary for thee to leave all.
"Thou shouldst not become presumptuous through great connections and race; for in the end thy trust is on thine own deeds.
"Thou shouldst not become presumptuous through life; for death comes upon thee at last, and the perishable part falls to the ground."
1. Zarathustra asked Ahura-Mazda: "Ahura-Mazda, Heavenly, Holiest, Creator of the corporeal world, Pure! when a pure man dies, where does his soul dwell during this night?"
2. Then answered Ahura-Mazda: "Near his head it sits itself down, reciting the Gâthâ Ustavaiti, praying happiness for itself: 'Happiness be to the man who conduces to the happiness of each. May Ahura-Mazda create, ruling after His wish.' On this night the soul sees as much joyfulness as the whole living world possesses."
3. "Where does the soul dwell throughout the second night?"Edition: current; Page: [62]
4. Then answered Ahura-Mazda: "Near his head it sits itself," etc. (as in verse 2).
5. "Where does his soul stay throughout the third night?"
6. Then answered Ahura-Mazda: "Near his head it sits itself," etc. (as in verse 2).
7. "When the lapse of the third night turns itself to light, then the soul of the pure man goes forward, recollecting itself at the perfume of plants. A wind blows to meet it from the mid-day region, a sweet-scented one, more sweet-scented than the other winds.
9. "In that wind there comes to meet him his own law in the figure of a maiden, one beautiful, shining, with shining arms; one powerful, well-grown, slender, with large breasts, praiseworthy body; one noble, with brilliant face, one of fifteen years, as fair in her growth as the fairest creatures.
10. "Then to her (the maiden) speaks the soul of the pure man, asking: 'What maiden art thou whom I have seen here as the fairest of maidens in body?'
11. "Then replies to him his own law: 'I am, O youth, thy good thoughts, words, and works, thy good law, thine own law of thine own body—which would be in reference to thee like in greatness, goodness, and beauty, sweet-smelling, victorious, harmless, as thou appearest to me.Edition: current; Page: [63]
12. " 'Thou art like me, O well-speaking, well-thinking, well-acting youth, devoted to the good law, so in greatness, goodness, and beauty as I appear to thee.
14. " 'Thou hast made the pleasant yet more pleasant to me, the fair yet fairer, the desirable yet more desirable, that sitting in a high place, sitting in a yet higher place, in these Paradises Humata, Hûkhta, Hvarsta (Paradises). . . .
15. " 'The soul of the pure man goes the first step and arrives in (the Paradise) Humata; the soul of the pure man takes the second step and arrives at (the Paradise) Hûkhta; it goes the third step and arrives at (the Paradise) Hvarsta; the soul of the pure man takes the fourth step and arrives at the Eternal Lights.' "
19. Zarathustra asked Ahura-Mazda: "Ahura-Mazda, Heavenly, Holiest, Creator of the corporeal world, Pure! when a wicked one dies, where does the soul dwell throughout this night?"
20. Then answered Ahura-Mazda, "There, O pure Zarathustra, near the head it runs about whilst it utters the prayer Ké mánm, etc., 'Which land shall I praise, whither shall I go praying, O Ahura-Mazda?' In this night the soul sees as much displeasing as the whole living world.Edition: current; Page: [64]
25. "When the lapse of the third night approaches towards light, O pure Zarathustra, then goes the soul of the wicked man to the impure place, recollecting itself continually by the stench. To it comes a wind blowing from the North Region, an evil-smelling one, more evil-smelling than other winds.
26. "When the soul of the wicked man receives this wind into the nose, it goes (saying), 'Whence comes this wind which I smell with the nose as the most evil-smelling wind?'
33. "The fourth step takes the soul of the wicked man and it arrives at the darknesses without beginning."
"The thirteenth question is that which you ask thus: Who should prepare the account of the soul as to sin and good works, and in what place should they make it up? And when punishment is inflicted by them, where is their place then?
"The reply is this, that the account about the doers of actions, as to good works and sin, three times every day whilst the doer of the actions is Edition: current; Page: [65] living, Vohûmano the archangel should prepare; because taking account of the thoughts, words, and deeds of all material existences is among his duties.
"And about the sin which affects accusers, which is committed by breakers of promises, even in the world Mitrô is said to be over the bodies, words, and fortunes of the promise-breakers; and as to the amount, and also as to being more than the stipulation when there is a period of time, Mitrô is the account-keeper. In the three nights' account Srôsh the righteous and Rashnû the just are over the estimate of the limits of the good works and sin of righteousness and wickedness. In the future existence, on the completion of every account, the Creator Aûharmazd Himself takes account, by whom both the former account of the three nights and all the thoughts, words, and deeds of the creatures are known through His omniscient wisdom.
"The punishment for a soul of the sinners comes from that spirit with whom the sin, which was committed by it, is connected; fostered by the iniquity practised, that punishment comes upon the souls of the sinful and wicked, first on earth, afterwards in hell, and lastly at the organisation of the future existence. When the punishment of the three nights is undergone the soul of the righteous attains to Heaven and the best existence, and the soul of the wicked to hell and the Edition: current; Page: [66] worst existence. When they have undergone their punishment at the renovation of the universe they attain, by complete purification from every sin, unto the everlasting progress, happy progress, and perfect progress of the best and undisturbed existence."
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright: when praise is to be offered, how shall I complete the praise of the One like You, O Mazda? Let the One like Thee declare it earnestly to the friend who is such as I, thus through Thy Righteousness within us to offer friendly help to us, so that the One like Thee may draw near us through Thy Good Mind within the soul.
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright: how, in pleasing Him, may we serve the Supreme One of the better world?
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright: who by generation was the first father of the Righteous Order? Who gave the recurring sun and stars their undeviating way? Who established that whereby the moon waxes, and whereby Edition: current; Page: [67] she wanes, save Thee? These things, O Great Creator! would I know, and others likewise still.
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright: who from beneath hath sustained the earth and the clouds above that they do not fall? Who made the waters and the plants? Who to the wind has yoked on the storm-clouds, the swift and fleetest too? Who, O Great Creator! is the inspirer of the good thoughts within our souls?
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright: who, as a skilful artisan, hath made the lights and the darkness? Who, as thus skilful, hath made sleep and the zest of waking hours? Who spread the Auroras, the noontides and midnight, monitors to discerning man, duties, true guides?
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright these things which I shall speak forth, if they are truly thus. Doth the Piety (which we cherish) in reality increase the sacred orderliness within our actions? To these Thy true saints hath she given the Realm through the Good Mind. For whom hast Thou made the Mother-kine, the producer of joy?
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright: who fashioned Âramaiti (our piety) the beloved, together with Thy Sovereign Power? Who, through his guiding wisdom, hath made the son revering the father? Who made him beloved? Edition: current; Page: [68] With questions such as these, so abundant, O Mazda! I press Thee, O beautiful Spirit, Thou maker of all!
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright, that I may ponder these which are Thy revelations, O Mazda! and the words which were asked of Thee by Thy Good Mind within us, and that whereby we may attain, through Thine Order, to this life's perfection. Yea, how may my soul with joyfulness increase in goodness?
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright that holy faith which is of all Things best, and which, going on hand in hand with Thy people, shall further my lands in Asha, Thine Order, and, through the words of Âramaiti (our piety), shall render actions just. The prayers of mine understanding will seek for Thee, O Ahura!
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright: who is the righteous one in that regard in which I ask Thee my question? And who is evil? For which is the wicked? Or which is himself the foremost wicked one? And the vile man who stands against me in this gain of Thy blessing, wherefore is he not held and believed to be the sinner that he is?
"This I ask Thee, O Ahura! tell me aright: how shall I banish this Demon-of-the-Lie from Edition: current; Page: [69] us hence to those beneath who are filled with rebellion?"
"The good, righteous, right religion which the Lord has sent to the creatures is that which Zarathustra has brought. The religion is the religion of Zarathustra, the religion of Ahura-Mazda, given to Zarathustra."
"I praise the well-thought, well-spoken, well-performed thoughts, words, and works.
"I lay hold on all good thoughts, words, and works.
"I abandon all evil thoughts, words, and works.
"I bring to you, O Amĕsha-çpĕntas,
"Praise and adoration,
"With thoughts, words, and works, with heavenly mind, the vital strength of my own body.
"I drive away the Daêvas, I profess myself a Zarathrustrian, an expeller of the Daêvas, a follower of the teachings of Ahura.
"A hymn-singer of the Amĕsha-çpĕntas, a praiser of the Amĕsha-çpĕntas.Edition: current; Page: [70]
"To Ahura-Mazda, the good, endued with good wisdom, I offer all good."
"Whom hast thou placed to protect me, O Mazda, while the hate of the fiend is grasping me? Whom but thy Atar and Vohumanô (Angels in charge of Heaven), by whose work the holy world goes on?
"Reveal to me the rules of thy law!"
"Who is he who will smite the fiend in order to maintain thy ordinances? Teach me clearly thy rules for this world and for the next, that Shros (Angel who fights Drug with an uplifted Club, and guards the Earth Night and Day) may come with Vohumanô and help whomsoever thou pleasest."
"And he who in this material world, O Spitama Zarathustra! shall recite and pronounce§ those names of mine either by day or by night;Edition: current; Page: [71]
"He who shall pronounce them, when he rises up or when he lays him down; . . . when he binds on the sacred girdle or when he unbinds the sacred girdle; when he goes out of his dwelling-place, or when he goes out of his town, or when he goes out of his country and comes into another country;
"That man, neither in that day nor in that night, shall be wounded by the weapons of the foe who rushes with anger and is Drug-minded;
"But those names shall come in to keep him from behind and to keep him in front, from the Drug unseen, . . . from the evil-doer bent on mischief, and from that fiend who is all death, Angro Mainyus."
"Praises, and songs, and adorations do we offer to Ahura-Mazda, and to Righteousness the Best; yea, we offer and we ascribe them, and proclaim them.
"And to Thy good kingdom, O Ahura-Mazda! may we attain for ever, and a good King be Thou over us; and let each man of us, and so each woman, thus abide, O Thou most beneficent of beings, and for both the worlds!Edition: current; Page: [72]
"So mayst Thou be to us our life, and our body's vigour, O Thou most beneficent of beings, and that for both the worlds!
"Aye, let us win and conquer long life, O Ahura-Mazda! in Thy grace, and through Thy will may we be powerful. Mayst Thou lay hold on us to help, . . . and with salvation, O Thou most beneficent of beings!
"What reward most meet for our deserving Thou hast appointed for the souls, O Ahura-Mazda! of that do Thou bestow on us for this life, and for that of mind. Of that reward do Thou Thyself grant this advantage, that we may come under Thy protecting guardianship, and that of Righteousness for ever."
Ahura-Mazda spake unto Spitama Zarathustra, saying:
"I have made every land dear to its dwellers, even though it had no charms whatever in it. Had I not made every land dear to its dwellers, even though it had no charms whatever in it, Edition: current; Page: [73] then the whole living world would have invaded the Airyana Vaêgô."
|1. Airyana Vaêgô by the good river Dâitya.
|1. The serpent and winter.
|2. The plains of Sughdha.
|2. The fly Skaitya, which stings and brings death to the cattle.
|3. The land of Mourn (Merv).
|3. Sinful lusts.
|4. Bâkhdhi with high-lifted banners (Balkh).
|4. Corn-eating ants.
|5. The land of Nisâya.
|5. The sin of unbelief.
|6. Harôyu with its lakes (Herat).
|6. The stained mosquito.
|7. Vaêkereta (Cabul).
|7. The Pairika Knāthaiti (meaning an evil creature or a pari who destroys mankind)
|8. Urva of the rich pastures (land in Khorasan).
|8. The sin of pride and tyranny.
|9. Khnenta in Vehrkâna.
|9. Unnatural sin.
|10. Harahvaiti the beautiful.
|10. Sin of defiling the virgin earth by burying corpses.
|11. The bright and glorious Haêtumant.
|11. Witchcraft and wizards.
|12. Ragha of the three races (Rai, the birthplace of Zoroaster).
|12. Sin of utter unbelief (atheism).
|13. Holy Kakhra.
|13. Sin of burning of corpses.
|14. The four-cornered Varena.
|14. Illness of women.
|15. Country of the Seven Rivers.
|15. Excessive heat.
|16. The land by the floods of the Rangha.
|16. Excessive frost.
"There are still other lands and countries, beautiful and deep, desirable and bright and thriving."
And Ahura-Mazda spake unto Yima, saying:
"O fair Yima, son of Vîvanghat! upon the material world the fatal winters are going to fall, that shall bring the fierce, foul frost; . . . that shall make snow-flakes fall thick, even an aredvî, deep on the highest tops of mountains.
"And all the three sorts of beasts shall perish, those that live in the wilderness, and those that live on the tops of the mountains, and those that live in the bosom of the dale, under the shelter of stables.
"Therefore make thee a vara,† long as a ridingground on every side of the square, and thither Edition: current; Page: [75] bring . . . sheep and oxen . . . men . . . dogs . . . birds and . . . red blazing fires.
"There thou shalt make waters flow in a bed a hâthra* long; there thou shalt settle birds, by the ever-green banks that bear never-failing food. There thou shalt establish dwelling-places, consisting of a house with a balcony, a courtyard, and a gallery.
"Thither thou shalt bring . . . men and women, of the greatest, best, and finest kinds on this earth; thither thou shalt bring . . . every kind of cattle, of the greatest, best, and finest kinds on this earth. Thither thou shalt bring the seeds of every kind of fruit, the fullest of food and sweetest of odour. All those . . . shalt thou bring, two of every kind, to be kept inexhaustible there, so long as those men shall stay in the vara.
"There shall be no hump-backed, none bulged forward there; no impotent, no lunatic, no poverty, no lying, no meanness, no jealousy, no decayed tooth, no leprous to be confined, nor any of the brands wherewith Angro Mainyus stamps the bodies of mortals."
Then Yima said within himself: "How shall I manage to make that vara which Ahura-Mazda has commanded me to make?"
And Ahura-Mazda said unto Yima: ". . . Edition: current; Page: [76] Crush the earth with a stamp of thy heel, and then knead it with thy hands . . ."
"He who would till the earth, . . . with the left arm and the right, . . . unto him will she bring forth plenty, like a loving bride, on her bed, unto her beloved; the bride will bring forth children, the earth will bring forth plenty of fruit.
"He who sows corn sows holiness: he makes the law of Mazda grow higher and higher.
"When barley is coming forth, the Daêvas start up; when corn is growing ripe, then faint the Daêvas' hearts; when the corn is being ground, the Daêvas groan; when wheat is coming forth, the Daêvas are destroyed. In that house they can no longer stay; from that house they are beaten away, wherein wheat is thus coming forth.
"He who tilling the earth, . . . would not kindly and piously give to one of the faithful, he shall fall down into the darkness . . . down Edition: current; Page: [77] into the world of woe, the dismal realm, down into the house of hell."
"It is the place whereon one of the faithful erects a house with a priest within, with cattle, with a wife, with children, and good herds within; and wherein afterwards the cattle go on thriving, holiness is thriving, fodder is thriving, the dog is thriving, the wife is thriving, the child is thriving, the fire is thriving, and every blessing of life is thriving.
"It is the place where one of the faithful cultivates most corn, grass, and fruit; . . . where he waters ground that is dry, or dries ground that is too wet.
"It is the place where there is most increase of flocks and herds."
"It is the place wherein most corpses of dogs and of men lie buried.Edition: current; Page: [78]
"It is the place whereon the wife and children of one of the faithful . . . are driven along the way of captivity (the dry, the dusty way, and lift up a voice of wailing.
"Unhappy is the land that has long lain unsown with the seed of the sower, and wants a good husbandman, like a well-shapen maiden who has long gone childless and wants a good husband."
". . . A year long shall the ground lie fallow whereon dogs or men have died."
"O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! if a worshipper of Mazda, walking, or running, or riding, or driving, come upon a corpse in a stream of running water, what shall he do?"
Ahura-Mazda answered: "Taking off his shoes, putting off his clothes, boldly, O Zarathustra! Edition: current; Page: [79] he shall enter the river, and take the dead out of the water. . . .
"He shall draw out of the water as much of the corpse as he can. . . . No sin attaches to him for any bone, hair . . . that may drop back into the water.
"As long as the corpse has not been taken out of the water, so long shall that water be unclean and unfit to drink.
"After the corpse has been taken out and the stream has flowed three times,* the water is clean. . . ."
"He shall learn on during the first part of the day and the last, during the first part of the night and the last, that his mind may be increased in knowledge and wax strong in holiness: so shall he sit up, giving thanks and praying to God and His angels that he may be increased in knowledge. He shall rest during the middle part of the day, during the middle part of the night, and thus shall he continue until he can say all the words which former Athrapaitis‡ have said."
Zarathustra asked Ahura-Mazda: "O thou all-knowing Ahura-Mazda, should I urge upon the godly man, should I urge upon the godly man, should I urge upon the godly woman, should I urge upon the wicked Daêva-worshipper who lives in sin, that they have once to leave behind them the earth made by Ahura, that they have to leave the water that runs, the corn that grows, and all the rest of their wealth?"
Ahura-Mazda answered: "Thou shouldst, O holy Zarathustra."
"O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! where are the rewards given? Where does the rewarding take place? Where is the rewarding fulfilled? Whereto do men come to take the reward that, in their life in the material world, they have won for their souls?"
Ahura-Mazda answered: "When the man is dead, when his time is over, then the hellish, evil-doing Daêvas assail him; and when the third night is gone, when the dawn appears and brightens up, and makes Mithra† . . . reach the all-happy mountains, and the sun is rising:
"Then the fiend named Vîzaresha carries off in bonds the souls of the wicked Daêva-worshippers who live in sin. The soul enters the way made by Time, and open both to the wicked and to the righteous. At the head of the Kinvad Edition: current; Page: [81] (chinvat) Bridge . . . they ask for their spirits and souls the reward for the worldly goods which they gave away here below.
"Up rises Vohumanô (Door-Keeper of Heaven) from his golden seat. Vohumanô exclaims: 'How hast thou come to us, thou Holy One, from that decaying world into this undecaying one?'
"Gladly pass the souls of the righteous to the golden seat of Ahura-Mazda, to the golden seat of the Ameshaspentas,* to Garodemana.† . ."
"The law of Mazda indeed, O Spitama Zarathustra! takes away from him who confesses it the bonds of his sin; it takes away the sin of breach of trust; it takes away the sin of murdering one of the faithful; it takes away the sin of burying a corpse; it takes away the sin of deeds for which there is no atonement; it takes away the heaviest penalties of sin; it takes away any sin that may be sinned."
Thus Zarathustra answered Angro Mainyus (the Evil Spirit): "O evil-doer, Angro Mainyus! I will smite the creation of the Daêva; I will smite the Nasu, a creature of the Daêva. . . ."
Again to him said the guileful one, . . . . Angro Mainyus: "Do not destroy my creatures, O holy Zarathustra! . . . Renounce the good law of the worshippers of Mazda, and thou shalt gain such a boon as Zohâk,† the murderer, gained, the ruler of the nations."
Thus in answer to him said Spitama Zarathustra: "No! never will I renounce the good law of the worshippers of Mazda, though my body, my life, my soul should burst!"
Again to him said the guileful one . . . Angro Mainyus: "By whose word wilt thou strike, by whose word wilt thou repel, by whose weapon will the good creatures strike and repel my creation?" . . .
". . . The words taught by Mazda, these are my . . . best weapons! By this word will I strike, by this word will I repel . . . O evil-doer, Angro Mainyus! To me Spenta Mainyus (Good Spirit) gave it; he gave it to me in the boundless time; to me the Ameshaspentas (Archangels), the all-ruling, the all-beneficent, gave it."Edition: current; Page: [83]
Zarathustra chanted aloud the (prayer of) Ahuna Vairya.
"The will of the Lord is the law of holiness. The riches of Vohumanô (Good Mind) shall be given to him who works in this world for Mazda, and wields according to the will of Ahura the power he gave to him to relieve the poor." . . . . . . They run away, the wicked, evil-doing Daêvas; they run away, casting the evil eye, the wicked, evil-doing Daêvas.
" 'Let us gather together at the head of Arezûra (the Gate of Hell). For he is . . . born, the holy Zarathustra, in the house of Pourushaspa. How can we procure his death? He is the stroke that fells the fiends.' . . .
"Down are the Daêva-worshippers, the Nasu made by the Daêva, the false-speaking lie! They run away, they rush away, the wicked, evil-doing Daêvas, into the depths of the dark, horrid world of hell."
"Away art thou driven, O mischievous Angro Mainyus! from the fire, from the water, from the earth, from the cow, from the tree, from the faithful man, and from the faithful woman . . . from all good things made by Mazda, the offspring of the holy principle."
"He who does not restore (a thing lent) when it is asked for back again, steals the thing; he robs the man. So he does every day, every night, as long as he keeps in his house his neighbour's property, as though it were his own."
"Ahura-Mazda, indeed, does not allow us to waste anything of value that we may have, not even so much as an Asperena's weight of thread, not even so much as a maid lets fall in spinning."
"Regarding wine, it is evident that it is possible for good and bad temper to come to manifestation through wine.
"It is not requisite for investigation, because he who is a good-tempered man, when he drinks wine, is such-like as a gold or silver cup which, however much more they burn it, becomes purer and brighter. It also keeps his thoughts, Edition: current; Page: [85] words, and deeds more virtuous; and he becomes gentler and pleasanter unto wife and child, companions and friends, and is more diligent in every duty and good work.
"And he who is a bad-tempered man, when he drinks wine, thinks and considers himself more than ordinary. He carries on a quarrel with companions, displays insolence, makes ridicule and mockery, and acts arrogantly to a good person. He distresses his own wife and child, slave and servant; and dissipates the joy of the good, carries off peace, and brings in discord.
"But every one must be cautious as to the moderate drinking of wine. Because, from the moderate drinking of wine, thus much benefit happens to him: since it digests the food, kindles the vital fire, increases the understanding and intellect, and blood, removes vexation, and imflames the complexion.
"It causes recollection of things forgotten, and goodness takes a place in the mind. It likewise increases the sight of the eye, the hearing of the ear, and the speaking of the tongue; and work, which it is necessary to do and expedite, becomes more progressive. He also sleeps pleasantly and rises light.
"And in him who drinks wine more than moderately, . . . himself, wife, and child, friend and kindred, are distressed and unhappy, and Edition: current; Page: [86] the superintendent of troubles and the enemy are glad. The sacred beings, also, are not pleased with him; and infamy comes to his body, and even wickedness to his soul.
"And even he who gives wine authorizedly unto any one, and he is thereby intoxicated by it, is equally guilty of every sin which that drunkard commits owing to that drunkenness."*
"We worship the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis‡ of the faithful, who come and go through the borough at the time of the Hamaspathmaêdha§; they go along there for ten nights, asking thus:
"Who will praise us? Who will offer us a sacrifice? Who will meditate upon us? Who will bless us? Who will receive us with meat and clothes in his hand and with a prayer worthy of bliss? Of which of us will the name be taken for invocation? Of which of you will the soul be worshipped by you with a sacrifice? To whom will the gift of ours be given, that he may have never-failing food for ever and ever?"
"And the man who offers them up a sacrifice, with meat and clothes in his hand, with a prayer worthy of bliss, the awful∥ Fravashis of the faithful, satisfied, unharmed, and unoffended, bless thus:Edition: current; Page: [87]
"May there be in this house flocks of animals and men! May there be a swift horse and a solid chariot! May there be a man who knows how to praise God and rule in an assembly, who will offer us sacrifices with meat and clothes in his hand, and with a prayer worthy of bliss!"
"I drive the Daêvas hence; I confess as a Mazda-worshipper of the order of Zarathustra, estranged from the Daêvas, devoted to the lore of the Lord, a praiser of the Bountiful Immortals; and to Ahura-Mazda, the good and endowed with good possessions, I attribute all things good, to the Holy One, the resplendent, to the glorious, whose are all things whatsoever which are good; whose is the Kine, whose is Asha (the righteous order pervading all things pure), whose are the stars, in whose lights the glorious beings and objects are clothed.
"And I choose Piety, the bounteous and the good, mine may she be! And therefore I loudly deprecate all robbery and violence against the (Sacred) Kine, and all drought to the wasting of the Mazdayasnian villages.
"Never may I stand as a source of wasting, never as a source of withering to the Mazdayasnian villages, not for the love of body or of life.Edition: current; Page: [88]
"Away do I abjure the shelter and headship of the Daêvas, evil as they are; aye, utterly bereft of good, and void of virtue, deceitful in their wickedness, of all beings those most like the Demon-of-the-Lie, the most loathsome of existing things, and the ones the most of all bereft of good.
"Off, off, do I abjure the Daêvas and all possessed by them, the sorcerers and all that hold to their devices, and every existing being of the sort; their thoughts do I abjure, their words and actions, and their seed that propagate their sin; away do I abjure their shelter and their headship.
"Thus and so in every deed might Ahura-Mazda have indicated to Zarathustra in every question which Zarathustra asked, and in all the consultations in the which they two conversed together. Thus and so might Zarathustra have abjured the shelter and the headship of the Daêvas in all the questions and in all the consultations with which they two conversed together, Zarathustra and the Lord.
"And so I myself, in whatsoever circumstances I may be placed, as a worshipper of Mazda, and of Zarathustra's order, would so abjure the Daêvas and their shelter, as he who was the holy Zarathustra abjured them.
"To that religious sanctity to which the waters appertain, do I belong, to that sanctity to which Edition: current; Page: [89] the plants, to that sanctity to which the Kine of blessed gift, to that religious sanctity to which Ahura-Mazda, who made both Kine and holy men, belongs, to that sanctity do I.
"A Mazda-worshipper I am, of Zarathustra's order; so do I confess, as a praiser and confessor, and I therefore praise aloud the well-thought thought, the word well spoken, and the deed well done.
"Yea, I praise at once the Faith of Mazda, the Faith which has no faltering utterance, the Faith that wields the felling halbert, the holy (Creed), which is the most imposing, best, and most beautiful of all religions which exist, and of all that shall in future come to knowledge, Ahura's Faith, the Zarathustrian creed. Yea, to Ahura-Mazda do I ascribe all good, and such shall be the worship of the Mazdayasnian belief!"
"I am wholly without doubt in the existence of the good Mazdayasnian faith, in the coming of the resurrection and the later body, in the stepping over the bridge Chinvat, in an invariable recompense of good deeds and their reward, Edition: current; Page: [90] and of bad deeds and their punishment, as well as in the continuance of Paradise, in the annihilation of Hell and Ahriman* and the Daêvas, that [God] Ahura-Mazda will at last be victorious and Ahriman will perish together with the Daêvas and the off-shoots of darkness.
"All that I ought to have thought and have not thought, all that I ought to have said and have not said, all that I ought to have done and have not done, all that I ought to have ordered and have not ordered, all that I ought not to have thought and yet have thought, all that I ought not to have spoken and yet have spoken, all that I ought not to have done and yet have done, all that I ought not to have ordered and yet have ordered; for thoughts, words, and works, bodily and spiritual, earthy and heavenly, pray I for forgiveness, and repent of it with Patet.†
"This heavenly Patet shall be a fast brazen wall . . . that it may keep the gate of Hell fast in bonds, and the way to Paradise open, the way to that best place:—to the shining Garothman which possesses all majesty, that our soul and the souls of the pure at the Bridge Chinvat, the great, may step over freed from trouble and Edition: current; Page: [91] easily, and may the pure Srosh,* the victorious, friend, protector, overseer, be the protector and the watcher of my soul. . . ."
"Do you both accept the contract for life with honourable mind, that pleasure may increase to ye twain?
"In the name and friendship of Ahura-Mazda. Be ever shining . . . Be increasing! Be victorious! Learn purity! Be worthy of good praise! May the mind think good thoughts, the words speak good, the works do good! . . . Be a Mazdayasnian, accomplish works according to thy mind . . . speak truth . . . and be obedient. Be modest with friends, clever, and well-wishing. Be not cruel. Be not wrathful-minded. Commit no sin through shame. Be not covetous. Torment not. Cherish not wicked envy, be not haughty, treat no one despitefully, cherish no lust. Rob not the property of others, keep thyself from the wives of others. Do good works with good activity. . . . Enter into no strife with a revengeful man. Be no companion Edition: current; Page: [92] to a covetous one. Go not on the same way with a cruel one. Enter into no agreement with one of ill-fame. . . . Combat the adversaries with right. . . . Enter into no strife with those of evil repute. Before an assembly speak only pure words. Before kings speak with moderation. In no wise displease thy mother. Keep thine own body pure in justice.
"May Ahura-Mazda (God) send you gifts, Bahman,* thinking with the soul; Ardibihist, good speech; Sharevar, good working; Çependarmat, wisdom; Khordat, sweetness and prosperity; Amertat, fruitfulness!
"May that come to you which is better than the good, may that not come to you which is worse than the evil. . . . "
They say that, once upon a time, the pious Zaratûsht (Zoroaster) made the religion which he had received current in the world; and till the Edition: current; Page: [93] completion of three hundred years the religion was in purity, and men were without doubts.
And this religion, namely all the Avesta and Zend, written upon prepared cow-skins and with gold ink, was deposited in the archives in Stâkhar Pâpâkân; and the hostility of the evil-destined, wicked Ashemôk, the evil-doer, brought onward Alexander, the Rûman who was dwelling in Egypt, and he burnt them up.
And after that there was confusion and contention among the people of the country of Iran, one with the other.
And afterwards there were other magi and Desturs* of the religion, and some of their number were loyal and apprehensive. And an assembly of them was summoned in the residence of the victorious Frôbaĝ fire; and there were speeches and good ideas of many kinds on this subject: that "it is necessary for us to seek a means so that some of us may go and bring intelligence from the spirits; that the people who exist in this age shall know whether these Yazashni and Drôn and Afrînagân ceremonies, and Nîran prayers, and ablutions and purifications which we bring into operation attain unto God or unto Edition: current; Page: [94] the demons, and come to the relief of our souls or not.
And from the seven, three were selected, and from the three, one only, named Vîrâf, and some called him the Nîshâpûrian. Then that Vîrâf, as he heard that decision, stood upon his feet, joined his hands on his breast, and spake thus, "If it please you, then give me not the undesired narcotic till you cast lots for the Mazdayasnians and me; and if the lot come to me, I shall go willingly to that place of the pious and the wicked, and carry this message correctly, and bring an answer truly.
"After I had drunk the consecrated wine, and I had reposed my body to rest, and given my mind up to the adoration of God, methought my soul took its flight towards the holy regions, where Serosh Izad* appeared unto me, and beckoned me towards him, when, after giving and receiving the customary salutations, Serosh Izad said to me, 'You have made a long journey in the faith. I am happy to see you in these blessed regions, and your escape from the world of wickedness gives one great pleasure; but, Ardâ-Vîrâf, you have come before your time. What is the occasion?' Ardâ-Vîrâf replied in accents of Edition: current; Page: [95] complacency, 'I have been sent, O Serosh Izad! by the king, by the priests, and by the voice of the nation in general, on this embassy, to know of heaven and hell, in order that heresy and schism be banished from the earth, and that the worship of the true God be restored to its wonted purity.'
" . . . On saying this, Serosh Izad took hold of me by the arm, and led me forward across the bridge, when the throne of Mehr Izad* came in view, with Roshni Izad† standing by him, holding in his hands the scales of justice, made of pure gold, and having on his right hand and on his left five thousand angels, and whose different petitions he can hear at once, and if written can see at one glance. Having saluted, and having my salutation returned, the attending angels surrounded me, and thus addressed me, 'O Ardâ-Vîrâf! your time has not yet come. How and by what means have you come thus far?' I answered, 'I have come thus far by the assistance of God, at the request of my king, Ardeshir Babegan, of the priests, and of the people, to collect and report the wonders of heaven and hell; that I may see that the truth may be these means be again restored to the earth, and heresy and wickedness banished for ever.'
". . . Afterwards arose Vohûmano,‡ the archangel, Edition: current; Page: [96] from a throne made of gold, and he took hold of my hand. With the words 'good thought' and 'good word' and 'good deed,' he brought me into the midst of Aûharmazd* and the archangels and other holy ones, and the guardian angels of Zaratûsht Spitâma, Kaî-Vishtâsp, Jâmâsp, Isâdvâstar, the son of Zaratûsht, and other upholders and leaders of the religion, than whom I have never seen any one more brilliant and excellent.
"And Vohûman said thus, 'This is Aûharmazd.' And I wished to offer worship before him.
"And he said to me thus, 'Salutation to thee, Ardâ-Vîrâf, thou art welcome; from that perishable world thou hast come to this pure bright place.' And he ordered Srôsh the pious, and Âtarô† the angel, thus, 'Take Ardâ-Vîrâf, and show him the place and reward of the pious, and also the punishment of the wicked.'
"And I saw the darkest hell, which is pernicious, dreadful, terrible, very painful, mischievous, and evil-smelling. And after further observation it appeared to me as a pit, at the bottom of which a thousand cubits would not reach; and though all the wood which is in the world were put on to the fire in this most stinking and gloomy hell, it would never emit a smell; and again also, as Edition: current; Page: [97] close as the ear to the eye, and as many as the hairs on the mane of a horse, so close and many in number the souls of the wicked stand—but they see not and hear no sound one from the other; every one thinks thus, 'I am alone!' And for them are the gloom of darkness and the stench and fearfulness of the torment and punishment of hell of various kinds; so that whoever is only a day in hell cries out thus, 'Are not those nine thousand years yet completed when they should release us from this hell?'
" 'Without trouble nothing can be attained,' said Serosh Izad; 'the poor day-labourer is worthy of his hire, and those who perform good works will have their reward in eternal life, according to their several merits.' He continued, 'The life of man is of short duration, and many troubles and anxieties fall to his lot; and a man, after fifty years of prosperity and happiness, may be, by some unforeseen accident, reduced to sickness and poverty. Many are tried by this criterion, and but few are found worthy. To suffer a day of pain, after fifty years of pleasure, is too much for them, and they complain in bitterness of spirit to the Creator of all good of His injustice and cruelty, without remembering the good they have so long enjoyed or calling to mind the eternity of punishment in reserve for the Edition: current; Page: [98] wicked. Therefore, O Ardâ-Vîrâf! walk yourself in the ways of righteousness, and teach others also to do so. Recollect that your body will return to dust, but your soul, if rich in good works, will mount to immortality, and partake of the happiness you have already witnessed. Take less care of your body and more of your soul; the pains and aches of the body are easily cured, but who can minister to the diseases of the soul? When you set out on a journey in the lower world, you provide yourselves, and take with you money, clothes, provisions, and are prepared against all the exigencies of the road, but what do you provide yourselves with for your last journey of the soul from the lower to the upper world, and whose friendship have you to assist you on the way? Hear, O Ardâ-Vîrâf! and I will describe to you the provisions requisite for the voyage to eternal life.
" 'In the first place the friend who will assist you is God; but to attain His friendship you must walk in His ways and place in Him the firmest reliance. The provisions must be faith and hope and the remembrance of your good works. The body, O Ardâ-Vîrâf! may be likened unto a horse, and the soul to its rider, and the provisions requisite for the support of both are good actions; but as with a feeble rider the horse is ill-managed, so with a feeble horse the rider is but ill accommodated. Care ought to be taken that both are Edition: current; Page: [99] kept in order; so, in a spiritual sense, the soul and body must be kept in order by a succession of good actions. Even in the world the multitude would sneer at a man who took more care of his horse than of himself; for this reason a man ought to take more care of his soul than of his body. God, O Ardâ-Vîrâf! requires only two things of the sons of men: the first, that they should not sin; the next, that they should be grateful of the many blessings He is continually bestowing upon them.
" 'Let the world, O Ardâ-Vîrâf! be taught not to set their hearts on the pleasures and vanities of life, as nothing can be carried away with them. You have already seen the rewards given to the good and deserving—how they have been repaid for all their trouble; the poor and the rich, the king and the peasant, here receive honours and distinctions according to their good works. The herdsman and shepherd, you have seen their condition.
" 'In youth and in the prime of manhood, when blessed with health and vigour, you suppose that your strength will never fail; that your riches, your lands, your houses, and your honours will remain for ever; that your gardens will be always green and your vineyards fruitful. But, O Ardâ-Vîrâf! teach them not to think so; teach them the danger of such a way of thinking: all, all will pass away as a dream!
" 'The flowers fade, and give lessons unto man Edition: current; Page: [100] that he is unwilling to profit by. Yea, the world itself will pass away, and nothing will remain but God!
"Therefore, O Ardâ-Vîrâf! turn your thoughts only towards Him. No pleasure but has its concomitant pain; roses have thorns, and honours fall into disgrace. It is pleasant to drink wine, but intoxication brings pain, if not disgrace; if you exceed in eating, this also brings its punishment, and you must have a doctor; even if you drink the purest water to excess, it engenders dropsy; therefore let the avoidance of excess in everything be most particularly inculcated—in wine or women, in eating and drinking: though they bring their own punishment in the world by the diseases they engender, yet they encourage the most deadly sins, and the soul so indulging will most assuredly be cut off from heaven. So you see, O Ardâ-Vîrâf! that the indulgence of our passions brings no pleasure of long duration, or impresses any good sentiment on the heart.
" 'If after praying to God for offspring, and He has granted your request, into what sea of trouble and anxiety are you plunged! Your son or daughter may grow up in vicious habits, and embitter your days by their undutiful conduct: the one may become a thief, the other a courtezan, and bring disgrace on your old age. The bee that produces honey has also a sting.
" 'The world is composed of lust, avarice, and Edition: current; Page: [101] of passions the most ungovernable; if God gives them one thing, even that for which they most desire, they are not satisfied, but are continually craving for more and more, to a hundredfold.
" 'Avarice and ambition deprive them of sleep, and prevent them from making a laudable exertion to subdue these dreadful passions, which will plunge them into everlasting misery.
" 'A king who has conquered all the surrounding countries sighs because he has no more worlds to subdue. Kai Kâus, after having conquered many countries, aspired to be a king in heaven, and was punished for his presumption by a dreadful fall, which made him sensible of his folly.
' "So you see, O Ardâ-Vîrâf! that content is the happiest condition of man and the most pleasing to the Creator: and treasure the advice I have given you; and as you return to the lower world, inculcate these precepts, and abide by the laws and walk in the way of truth and holiness, and continue in the worship of the true God.' "
"I pray with benedictions for a benefit, and for the good, even for the entire creation of the holy and the clean; I beseech them for the generation which is now alive, for that which is just coming into life, and for that which shall be Edition: current; Page: [102] hereafter. And I pray for that sanctity which leads to prosperity, and which has long afforded shelter, which goes on hand in hand with it, which joins it in its walk, and of itself becoming its close companion as it delivers forth its precepts, bearing every form of healing virtue which comes to us in waters, appertains to cattle, or is found in plants, and overwhelming all the harmful malice of the Daêvas, and their servants who might harm this dwelling and its lord, bringing good gifts, and better blessings, given very early, and later gifts, leading to successes, and for a long time giving shelter. And so the greatest, and the best, and most beautiful benefits of sanctity fall likewise to our lot for the sacrifice, homage, propitiation, and the praise of the Bountiful Immortals, for the bringing prosperity to this abode, and for the prosperity of the entire creation of the holy, and the clean, and as for this, so for the opposition of the entire evil creation. . . ."
"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda! . . . Perish, O fiendish Drug! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world of the fiend! . . . . Perish away to the regions of the north, never more to give unto death the living world of the holy spirit!"
Yima was known in the Shah Nameh* as Jamshid. Pride was the cause of his downfall. God conferred favours on him, and, according to the Vendidad, he became a mighty and prosperous king. Being elated by success, he disowned God, and in the words of Firdosi thus expressed himself:
This act of heresy caused his empire to crumble to pieces, and, mighty as he was, he was taken prisoner by the wicked Zohak and sawn in two between planks.
Zohak, according to Firdosi, was a son of an Arabian prince. Early in life he had sold his soul to the Devil. He started his infamous reign by murdering his father. At the time when he conquered Jamshid, the Devil had bestowed on him two serpents, one on each shoulder, who had to be fed with human brains. This curse of the Devil brought terrible ruins to the soil of ancient Iran. According to the old Persian legend, Zohak was chained Edition: current; Page: [104] up in a cave on Mount Demavend by Feridoon, who conquered and ascended the throne of Iran. Zohak is destined to remain there, a prey to anguish, till the day of judgment. Night and day he licks his iron fetters so as to thin the metal and break his bonds. A cock, placed there by the Guardian Angel, gives forth his clarion notes on the break of day, and the fetters of Zohak, rendered thin by hours of licking, with a clang and clatter immediately resume their original size. Thus once more the labour of Zohak has to be begun again. This will go on till the final trumpet call. It is the punishment to one who, in his early folly, sold his soul to the Evil One.
Gāo was a blacksmith during the reign of Zohak His son was captured by Zohak's retainers, and was destined to feed the serpents with his brains. Gāo, in his terrible anguish to save his child such a horrible and atrocious death, tore off his leathern apron, and, waving it aloft, raised a cry for freedom from his tyrant. The band of soldiers gathered around him under Feridoon, the conqueror of Zohak and liberator of Iran, adopted his apron as the royal standard, which was handed down from generations of rulers of ancient Iran bedecked with precious stones and which was carried aloft in the forefront of numerous battles of historical renown as "Gaviani Zoondo." It proudly floated and shared all the glories of the Persian Empire and veneration of its doughty warriors.
The Lord.
King Gushtasp.
Symbol of Life.
Free translation of Fargard V. of the Vendidad.
Ormuzd Yast. Tr. by Darmesteter
Dr. Haug.
For further information on this subject see extracts Yaçna XLIV.
Fargard I, of the Vendidad.
Dr. E. W. West's "Introduction to the Sacred Books of the East," Vol. 18.
Dînâ-î Maînôg-î Khirad.
Fargard X. of the Vendidad.
Yaçna XIV.
Yaçna LIII.
A prayer of repentance for sin.
Fargard III. of the Vendidad (Darmesteter).
Sad Dar LXXXIII.
Fargard XVIII. (Bleeck's Translation).
See Notes.
Means life or vitality.
Conduit, canal or water ways.
"Original Creation" (a book).
"Lalla Rookh" (Thomas Moore).
"House of hymns"—the highest Heaven.
Spiegel and Bleeck's translation.
Sacred Books of the East. Translation by J. Darmesteter.
Dînâ-î Maînôg-î Khirad. Sacred Books of the East. Translated by Dr. West.
The devil.
Dâdîstân-î-Dînîk. Sacred Books of the East. Translated by Dr. West.
Sacred Books of the East. Yaçna XLIV. Dr. L. H. Mills' translation.
See Introduction about the names of God.
Sacred Books of the East. Translation by Dr. L. H. Mills.
An enclosure.
About an English mile.
Probably tides.
A teaching priest.
God of Light.
Highest Heaven.
Max Müller's "Sacred Books of the East."
See Notes.
Dînâ-î Maînôg-î Khirad. Sacred Books of the East. Translated by Dr. West.
Sacred Books of the East.
The last ten days of the year.
Sacred Books of the East. Translated by Dr. L. H. Mills.
The devil.
The Guardian Angel.
Spiegel and Bleeck's translation.
See Ameshaspends, page 41.
Dr. Haug and Dr. West's "Ardâ-Vîrâf"; J. A. Pope's "Revelations of Ardâ-Vîrâf."
Chief priests.
The Guardian Angel of Souls.
Mithra: The Recording Angel.
Angel of Justice.
Good Mind.
God of Fire: The Angel of Life.
Sacred Books of the East. Translated by Dr. L. H. Mills.
History of Persian kings, by the great epic poet Firdosi.


text:
The above-pictured caps from Queen Mary are, from left to right, a steward's cap, a captain's cap, and a sailor's cap. I am not as knowledgeable about the caps from her majesty as other pieces of memorabilia but recognize them from the black and white footage of her at sea. The steward's cap has the double house flags of Cunard and White Star emblazoned above the bill. The captain's cap is identical to the one worn by Commodore Edgar Britten on the maiden voyage and seen in the interviews he gave upon arrival in New York. There is also an identical one displayed in the captain's suite in Long Beach today. The sailor's cap is not only captured in the black and white films but also in advertisements of sailors climbing the rigging or working on deck. The captain's cap is in the best shape of the three and is heavily embroidered. The attention to detail is remarkable on the caps as was everything on the liner. Craftsmanship was Cunard White Star's hallmark on Queen Mary. If anyone has more information on these spectacular pieces, please contact me.
Tag Archives: "New York Harbor"
QUEEN MARY Caps
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
SAN JOSE, Calif. - April 18, 2005 - Adobe Systems Incorporated (Nasdaq: ADBE) today announced a definitive agreement to acquire Macromedia (Nasdaq: MACR) in an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $3.4 billion.
The combination of Adobe and Macromedia will provide customers a more powerful set of solutions for creating, managing and delivering compelling content and experiences across multiple operating systems, devices and media. Together, the two companies will meet a wider set of customer needs and have a significantly greater opportunity to grow into new markets, particularly in the mobile and enterprise segments.
"Customers are calling for integrated software solutions that enable them to create, manage and deliver a wide range of compelling content and applications - from documents and images to audio and video," said Bruce Chizen, chief executive officer of Adobe. "By combining our powerful development, authoring and collaboration software - along with the complementary functionality of PDF and Flash - Adobe has the opportunity to bring this vision to life with an industry-defining technology platform."
Under the terms of the agreement, which has been approved by both boards of directors, Macromedia stockholders will receive, at a fixed exchange ratio, 0.69 shares of Adobe common stock for every share of Macromedia common stock in a tax-free exchange. Based on Adobe's and Macromedia's closing prices on Friday, April 15, 2005, this represents a price of $41.86 per share of Macromedia common stock. Upon the close of the transaction, Macromedia stockholders will own approximately 18 percent of the combined company on a pro forma basis.
In the combined company, Chizen will continue as chief executive officer and Shantanu Narayen will remain president and chief operating officer. Stephen Elop, president and chief executive officer of Macromedia, will join Adobe as president of worldwide field operations. Murray Demo will remain executive vice president and chief financial officer. Dr. John Warnock and Dr. Charles Geschke will remain as co-chairmen of the Board of Directors of the combined company and Rob Burgess, chairman of the Macromedia Board of Directors, will join the Adobe Board.
"Both Macromedia and Adobe are passionate about creating and enabling great experiences across a wide range of devices and operating systems," said Stephen Elop, president and chief executive officer of Macromedia. "Our combined teams will be a powerful force for innovation around cutting-edge platforms for delivering content and applications."
The two companies are developing integration plans that build on the cultural similarities and the best business and product development practices from each company. The companies will make additional details and information about the acquisition available at http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/invr...acromedia.html.
"While we anticipate the integration team will identify opportunities for cost savings by the time the acquisition closes, the primary motivation for the two companies' joining is to continue to expand and grow our business into new markets," said Chizen.
The acquisition, which is expected to close in Fall 2005, is subject to customary closing conditions, including approval by the stockholders of both companies and regulatory approvals. The transaction will be accounted for under purchase accounting rules.
Due to the absence at this time of estimates of the acquisition-related restructuring costs and the allocation of the purchase price between goodwill, in-process R&D, other intangibles and equity-based compensation expenses related to SFAS 123R, Adobe is currently unable to provide GAAP estimates on future earnings.
The transaction is currently expected to be break-even to slightly accretive to earnings in the first twelve months after closing on a non-GAAP basis. The company's target of break even-to-slightly accretive to earnings on a non-GAAP basis assumes no adverse impact from the loss of deferred revenue in the first twelve months following the close due to purchase accounting.
Stock Repurchase Program
Adobe also announced its Board of Directors has approved a post-acquisition stock repurchase program of $1 billion. "After a review of the combined companies' financial position, our Board concluded that the repurchase program is consistent with our overall commitment to deliver value to our stockholders," Chizen added.
The repurchase program is in addition to the Adobe's existing stock repurchase programs and is expected to commence following the completion of the acquisition. The repurchases will be funded from available working capital.
Conference Call
The management teams of both companies will host a financial analyst and investor conference call today at 8:00 a.m. ET (5:00 a.m. PT). The call can be accessed at 888-278-5324 (U.S.) or 706-643-3100 (outside U.S.) with conference call ID #5643249. A live Webcast of the call will also be provided at www.adobe.com/ADBE and www.macromedia.com/MACR. For those unable to listen to the live conference call, a telephone replay will be available at 800-642-1687 (U.S.) or 706-645-9291 (outside U.S.) with conference call ID #5643249. The telephone replay will be available beginning April 18, 2005 at 9:00 a.m. ET through April 20, 2005 at 12:59 p.m. ET. A Webcast archive will also be available on each company's investor relations Web site.
About Adobe Systems Incorporated
Adobe is the world's leading provider of software solutions to create, manage and deliver high-impact, reliable digital content. For more information, visit www.adobe.com.
About Macromedia
Experience matters. Macromedia is motivated by the belief that great experiences build great businesses. Our software empowers millions of business users, developers, and designers to create and deliver effective, compelling, and memorable experiences - on the Internet, on fixed media, on wireless, and on digital devices.
Forward Looking Statements
This press release includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as "expect," "estimate," "project," "budget," "forecast," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "may," "will," "could," "should," "believes," "predicts," "potential," "continue," and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this press release include, without limitation, forecasts of market growth, future revenue, benefits of the proposed merger, expectations that the merger will be accretive to Adobe's results, future expectations concerning available cash and cash equivalents, Adobe's expectations with respect to future stock repurchases following the merger, including the timing and amount of such repurchases, and other matters that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from results expressed or implied by this press release. Such risk factors include, among others: difficulties encountered in integrating merged businesses; uncertainties as to the timing of the merger; approval of the transaction by the stockholders of the companies; the satisfaction of closing conditions to the transaction, including the receipt of regulatory approvals; whether certain market segments grow as anticipated; the competitive environment in the software industry and competitive responses to the proposed merger; and whether the companies can successfully develop new products and the degree to which these gain market acceptance. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements in this press release. Additional information concerning these and other risk factors is contained in Adobe's and Macromedia's most recently filed Forms 10-K and 10-Q.
Adobe and Macromedia undertake no obligation and do not intend to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after this press release. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. All forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
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Adobe Systems Incorporated intends to file a registration statement on Form S-4, and Adobe and Macromedia, Inc. intend to file a related joint proxy statement/prospectus, in connection with the merger transaction involving Adobe and Macromedia. Investors and security holders are urged to read the registration statement on Form S-4 and the related joint proxy/prospectus when they become available because they will contain important information about the merger transaction. Investors and security holders may obtain free copies of these documents (when they are available) and other documents filed with the SEC at the SEC's web site at www.sec.gov. In addition, investors and security holders may obtain free copies of the documents filed with the SEC by Adobe by contacting Adobe Investor Relations at 408-536-4416. Investors and security holders may obtain free copies of the documents filed with the SEC by Macromedia by contacting Macromedia Investor Relations at 415-252-2106.
Adobe, Macromedia and their directors and executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from the stockholders of Adobe and Macromedia in connection with the merger transaction. Information regarding the special interests of these directors and executive officers in the merger transaction will be included in the joint proxy statement/prospectus of Adobe and Macromedia described above. Additional information regarding the directors and executive officers of Adobe is also included in Adobe's proxy statement for its 2005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on March 14, 2005. Additional information regarding the directors and executive officers of Macromedia is also included in Macromedia's proxy statement for its 2004 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on June 21, 2004 and Macromedia's proxy statement for a Special Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on October 6, 2004. These documents are available free of charge at the SEC's web site at www.sec.gov and from Investor Relations at Adobe and Macromedia as described above.


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The Fayette school board once again has five members.
After an extended closed session Monday, the board voted unanimously to appoint Fred Stockburger to the position Kim Winzeler resigned from last month. It is the same seat that Stockburger lost to Winzeler in the 2005 school board election.
SUPERINTENDENT—Also during the closed session, the board discussed candidates to replace school superintendent David Hankins, who will retire at the end of the calendar year. Hankins said the board has narrowed the field to three applicants—Thomas Taylor, treasurer of the Patrick Henry school district; Norm Glismann, principal of Bryan High School; and Russ Griggs, superintendent of the Stryker school district.
NEW SCHOOL—Architect Jim Price of the Buehrer Group architectural firm reported that construction of the new school is proceeding according to schedule, and that contractors had begun building walls earlier in the day.
He also reported a holdup in construction of the parking lot on the northwest side of the school, due to excessive ground softness. Builders are awaiting word from a consulting firm about how to proceed.


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High-Speed Wifi, regular cleaning, HDTVs – everything you need to do your best work.
Lounge, kitchen, breakout rooms, and more – with a mix of both work tables and lounge seating.
Stay for a few months or several years. No long-term commitments or hidden fees.
Located in the heart of the CBD (convenient to BART and Caltrain), this 30-40 person full-floor workspace is perfect for your growing team. Fully outfitted with two large conference rooms, two small conference rooms, several call booths, a lounge area, and a kitchenette, 111 New Montgomery is designed to encourage productivity and foster collaboration. With additional Breather spaces available nearby for both long-term and short-term rentals, your team also has the flexibility to expand within the Breather network as you grow and book meetings/offsites when they pop up.
No leases, memberships or minimums
Avoid the lock-in and hassles of traditional real estate leases – You decide where you want to be and how long you keep your space. Our pricing is simple, transparent, and all-inclusive.
Avoid coworking distractions
Build a company culture of your own without noisy neighbors and privacy concerns. Your Breather space is a true stand alone office and we'll work with you on a layout optimized for your team's productivity.
Seamlessly scale your team
As your team size and space needs change, we make it easy to move — or expand — across hundreds of locations in the Breather network.
We provide quick support to help you find the ideal space, and arrange tours of all locations in your city


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Designing customized compliance courses and certification programs for corporations, associations and educational institutions for more than a decade
Brigus Learning brings academic rigour to industry certification programs and compliance courses. Our consultants are experienced educators, who understand the principles of adult education and instructional design.
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Brigus Learning is a valued partner of The Canadian Institute of Financial Planning. CIFP has had the pleasure of working with Brigus on a variety of projects over the years. They never fail to deliver a high quality finished product be it an advanced financial planning course or a presentation at the CIFPs National Conference. Brigus Learning is knowledgeable, reliable, easy to work with and professional and can be counted on to meet tight deadlines. CIFP endorses Brigus Learning without reservation and we welcome an opportunity to work with them on future projects.
Anthony Williams
,Vice President, Academic Affairs, Canadian Institute of Financial Planning
Brigus Learningl provided us with instruction and a tool to transition a training course from a face-to-face format to an online format. It worked so well for us that we have used it several times for subsequent trainings as well. They helped to transform a process which initially seemed unwieldy, to one that was easily managed. Their expertise was invaluable!
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, Community Director, Centre for Research & Education on Violence against Women & Children, Faculty of Education, Western University
As adult education specialists, [Brigus Learning's] principal partners work closely with CPA staff and subject matter experts, using learning principles to design the programs, for both the classroom and on-line learning environments.We also often rely on them, in their capacity as educational specialists, to provide assessments and feedback on important initiatives related to education governance, standards, process and policy.
Patricia Glithero
, Excerpt from the presentation to Brigus Learning of the Canadian Payroll Association's Partner Award
Brigus Group worked with the Canadian Payroll Association (CPA) to redevelop its certification programs. Brigus provided professional experience, adult learning knowledge and academic rigour to the engagement. Their services were instrumental in turning market research into a syllabus, learning outcomes and course outlines for CPA's professional certification programs.
Cathy Cummings
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Brigus' work on the Financial Statements for Small Business courses was exemplary. I very much appreciated your collaborative approach in the design of the courses along with your well thought out, clean instructional design and your high level of quality control. This was difficult material and the course really looks good. Thank you Brigus team for all you hard work..."
Milana Todoroff
, Manager eLearning, Scotiabank
Having led hundreds of projects in educational and professional training, we've had the opportunity to work with a lot of professionals. Within the first minutes of working with Brigus Group, we knew they were highly skilled in developing course material. Brigus Group took charge of the content, the artwork and delivered on time, according to specification and within the initial budget
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It is a pleasure to work with Brigus as they always keep you involved in the creative process, listen to concerns or suggestions, and bring solutions to the table whenever problems arise. A great partner for any learning design and development project"
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Practicum in Masonry Technology/Extended Practicum in Masonry Technology
Extended Practicum in Masonry Technology is an occupationally specific course designed to provide classroom technical instruction or work-based learning experiences. Instruction may be delivered through laboratory training or through career preparation delivery arrangements. Safety and career...
- Grade Range: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Postsecondary


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Part #: P-CFBTEX02CL-G2LE
Price: $9.99
Take the field with your own OYO Sports college football minifigure! Bendable knees and elbows mean that your minifigure is ready to catch a pass or throw the game-winning touchdown. With details and accessories like authentic school uniform, football, helmet, removable face mask, NEW headphones and more_get ready to bring the superstars from your favorite college home to you. The perfect gift for the biggest (and littlest!) sports fan in your life.
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wish find the IMEI code on Android smartphone? When buying a smartphone or tablet for a used, check the IMEI, so as not to become a buyer of stolen mobile device.
IMEI – the unique identification number of your mobile device you via that identifies the mobile operator. To display the IMEI on the screen you need to know the secret codes Android engineering.
How to know IMEI
- Enter in the call menu * # 06 # and on the screen you will see the IMEI of your device;
- If you have a device with a removable battery you can pull it out and see the IMEI;
- IMEI can be viewed on a mobile device carton;
- visit at "settings" – "About phone" – "Identificational phone code".
Engineering Codes Android
With the help of these codes you can customize your Android smartphone or tablet with a single command.
There are 3 types of engineering codes on Android:
- information
- Test codes
- functional
Read more about the engineering codes you can click here.
Prepared by: Sitnikov Denis.


text:
- Description
Take a look at the new Glee 10.5kW Electric Shower. A fantastic new replacement for your old The New Team NT10.4 kW MK2 and MK3 showers now discontinued.
It is the closest replacement for your old The New Team NT 10.4 kW electric shower, the plumbing inlets and electric connection are in the same positions with one exception;
PLEASE NOTE: If your existing plumbing supply is coming through your wall on the bottom right hand side with the electric supply on the left hand side then you will need to undertake plumbing alterations. Please see the additional image above for details.
Features for this new model include an easy clean flat surface, push button control a smart new digital temperature display and phased shutdown. Take a look at all the features here.
IMPORTANT: The Newteam and Showerforce Brand names are owned by Bristan, as part of their ongoing streamlining of operations all brands are being amalgamated under the Bristan banner. Your new product will be boxed and badged as Bristan not Newteam or Showerforce.
If you need advice or help choosing your new shower? Please call the Tapstore.com helpline on 0843 658 0062.
- Additional Information
Additional Information
Installation Guide NT104TRWT,NT104TRMC, Approvals WRAS Approved EAN Number No Guarantee 2 Years Pipe Centres No Manufacturer New Team Minimum Recommended Pressure No Energy Rating No Ratings Technical No
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NEW YORK -- Not a hippopotamus. Not his two front teeth. All Elliot Shirback wanted for Christmas this year was cards.
It was a wish heard around the country.
A houseful of cards poured in for the 25-year-old New York man who has Down syndrome, according to his mother's Facebook pages.
More than 1,800 have arrived, coming from nearly every state, CNN affiliate YNN reported.
"I'm, like, blessed right now," Shirback told the network.
It all started because of his mother, Anne Daggett.
Shirback was sad one day. She wanted to make him feel better so she asked what he wanted for Christmas.
"A hundred Christmas cards," he said, according to his mother's Facebook post. "I said it might be a little too late for that and people have much things on the plate," his mother wrote, "If anyone can send him a card He would love it!!!!!"
She included the address. Friends and family put the word out on Facebook and it exploded from there.
"I thought maybe he might get 35 cards at best. Next thing I know, it's like a flurry and gone viral," Daggett told YNN.
Their home is now covered in cards. One reads: "Elliot, you are loved."
"It makes me happy," he said. "It's like a gift, like somebody loves and cares about you."


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The Associated Press reported yesterday that Beyonce will perform at the Super Bowl in New Orleans. Shortly after, B posted this picture on her Tumblr confirming the news. I'm sure, I'm sure it was a photo shoot that happened well in advance. But, you know, if Beyonce wanted to pull together a high quality shoot in an hour, that's not impossible either.
Super Bowl with Beyonce...
I am.
I know I keep saying it but if you'd get it if you've ever seen her on stage. The Beyonce holds nothing back. Kanye West is a dick, true. But he's not lying when he calls her the greatest entertainer we have right now.
F-CK YOU, says the Madonna fan.
Madonna can make it look great, all the lights and the staging and the spectacle and the costumes, yes. But the moves, the moves these days, the moves are...
Um, maybe an illustration would work better here:
I promise you Beyonce won't be offering up a leg to Redfoo for a jerky bicep curl.


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Is froot the same as fruit?
Roy Werbel thought the two words meant the same thing and now he is mad as hell at Toucan Sam for his treasure chest of deceit. The man filed a lawsuit against Kellog's Froot Loops cereal in San Francisco federal court for allegedly intentionally misleading breakfast eaters into believing those delicious colorful loops were actually made from fruit.
Werbel says in his court filing that he mistakenly ate the frooty cereal believing it was healthy for him. Now he is demanding unspecified punitive and actual damages to be paid to everyone else who was taken by the cunning Toucan Sam's friendly smile.
And the fruity plaintiff does not stop there. Werbel filed a separate suit against Pepsico, the maker of Cap'n Crunch Crunch Berries cereal, because again he thought there was real fruit in the box.
Man Sues Froot Loops for Not Being Frooty at All
Man files suit in San Francisco court alleging he was deceived by frooty moniker
Is froot the same as fruit?


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Bernanke: Bond Buying to Continue
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke gives his outlook on the U.S. economy during a news conference after interest rates were left unchanged. Photo: AP.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... as always my colleagues and I reviewed recent economic and financial developments to discuss the economic outlook ... today this is our January meeting of the generally consisted with our expectation ... the the fourth quarter because the recovery would prove temporary ... and a modern economic growth would resume ... spending by households and businesses continue to expand in the housing sector has seen further gains ... the jobs market has also shown signs of improvement over the past six months or so ... private payrolls are growing more quickly ... total hours of work has increased ... the rate of filings a new print run insurance unemployment insurance has fallen ... and the unemployment rate has continued to tick down ... however at seven point seven percent the unemployment rate remains elevated ... the committee also remains concerned ever stricter fiscal policies may slow economic growth and job creation ... in coming months ... we continue to monitor the recent increases in gasoline prices which appear to be due mostly to passing factors ... such as refinery shutdowns for me ... apart from temporary variations of energy prices inflation is running somewhat below the Committee's longer run objective of two percent ... importantly km inflation expectations remain stable ... overall still high unemployment in combination with relatively low inflation ... underscores the need for policies to support progress ... toward maximum employment ... in the context of price stability ... in conjunction with this meeting the Nikkei purchase if it's or policy discussion ... the seven board members and twelve Reserve Bank presidents ... submitted individual economic projections ... as always each persistence projections are conditioned on his or her own view ... of appropriate monetary policy ... to summarize the purchase of projections for economic growth ... have a central tendency of two point three to two point eight percent for twenty thirteen ... rising to two point nine to three point seven percent ... in twenty fifty ... the central Tennessee their projections of the unemployment rate for the fourth quarter of this year ... is seven point three to seven point five percent ... declining six Corio to six point five percent in the final quarter of twenty fifteen ... most are tested to see inflation gradually increasing toward the Committee's longer run target ... the central Tennessee their projections for inflation is one point three ... to one point seven percent this year ... and one point seven to two porno percent ... in twenty fifty ... as you Ardi know for the policy statement we are continuing the asset purchase program first announced in September ... this decision was supported by Revue at the meeting ... of the likely efficacy costs ... and risks of additional purchases ... the meat briefly summarize the cost benefit analysis supporting our decision ... although estimates of the efficacy of the Reserve's asset purchases are necessarily on certain ... most for dissident agreed these purchases ... by putting downward pressure on longer term interest rates including mortgage rates ... continue to provide meaningful support economic ... growth and job creation ... however most also agreed to the smart retool would likely not be able on its own ... the fully offset major economic headwinds ... such as those that might arise in significant near-term fiscal restraint ... or from a sharp increase in global financial stress ... we also have a thorough discussion of possible costs and risks of continued expansion of the Fed Reserve's balance sheet ... the risks include possible adverse implications of additional purchases ... for the functioning of securities markets ... and the potential effects under various scenarios ... the larger balance sheet and a Fed research earnings from its asset holdings ... and hands on its remittances to Treasury


text:
I have an Epiphone Les Paul and have noticed that when the pickup selector is set to both pickups, my guitar plays very softly from the neck pickup.
When I play from the pickups separately the volume is similar.
Is it designed to be this way? Or do I need to have this fixed?
If so can I fix this myself or is it complex?


text:
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A10 Fusion chip
iPhone 7's A10 Fusion chip makes it two times faster than iPhone 6. The four-core design features two cores working at high-performance, while the other two work at high-efficiency. So not only will your iPhone 7 be multitasking at blistering speeds, it'll be conserving energy in the process.
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The 7MP front-facing camera includes Retina Flash that matches the ambient light around you for simply gorgeous selfies.
Unlocked – compatible with all major Australian network providers.
This Product is offered and supplied by Kogan Australia Pty Ltd pursuant to the Terms and Conditions.
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Efficacy and Safety Study of Pegylated Interferon Lambda-1a With Ribavirin and Daclatasvir, to Treat naïve Subjects With Chronic HCV Genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 Who Are Co-infected With HIV (DIMENSION)
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01866930
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : June 3, 2013
Last Update Posted : March 23, 2017
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Results Submitted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
|Biological: Pegylated Interferon Lambda-1a Drug: Daclatasvir (DCV) Drug: Ribasphere (RBV)
|Phase 3
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|453 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Phase 3 Open Label Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Pegylated Interferon Lambda-1a, in Combination With Ribavirin and Daclatasvir, for Treatment of Chronic HCV Infection With Treatment naïve Genotypes 1, 2, 3 or 4 in Subjects Co-infected With HIV
|Actual Study Start Date :
|July 11, 2013
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|August 27, 2015
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|August 27, 2015
Experimental: Cohort A: GT-2 or -3 HCV Treatment Naïve Subjects
Pegylated Interferon Lambda 180 µg solution, injection subcutaneously once weekly for 24 weeks
Ribasphere 200 mg tablets (800 mg per day: two 200 mg tablets in the morning and two 200 mg tablets in the evening) by mouth twice daily for 24 weeks
Daclatasvir 30 mg, 60 mg, or 90 mg tablets (depending on concomitant HIV regimen) once daily for 12 weeks
Biological: Pegylated Interferon Lambda-1a
Other Name: BMS-914143
Drug: Daclatasvir (DCV)
Other Name: BMS-790052
Drug: Ribasphere (RBV)
Experimental: Cohort B: GT-1 or -4 HCV Treatment Naïve Subjects
Pegylated Interferon Lambda 180 µg solution, injection subcutaneously once weekly for 24 or 48 weeks
Ribasphere 200 mg tablets, (1000 mg per day: two 200 mg tablets in the morning and three 200 mg tablets in the evening for subjects weighing <75 kg and 1200 mg per day: three 200 mg tablets in morning and three 200 mg tablets in evening for subjects weighing ≥75 kg) by mouth twice daily for 24 or 48 weeks
Daclatasvir 30 mg, 60 mg, or 90 mg tablets (depending on concomitant HIV regimen) once daily for 12 weeks
Biological: Pegylated Interferon Lambda-1a
Other Name: BMS-914143
Drug: Daclatasvir (DCV)
Other Name: BMS-790052
Drug: Ribasphere (RBV)
- Antiviral activity, as determined by the proportion of subjects with SVR12, defined as HCV RNA <LLOQ (25 IU/mL), target detected or target not detected, for each treatment arm [ Time Frame: Post treatment Week 12 ]
SVR=Sustained virologic response
HCV=Hepatitis C virus
RNA=Ribonucleic acid
LLOQ=Lower Limit of Quantification
- Proportion of subjects with Rapid virologic response (RVR) and Extended Rapid Virologic Response (eRVR), where RVR is defined as <LLOQ target not detected at week 4 and eRVR defined as <LLOQ target not detected at Weeks 4 and 12 [ Time Frame: RVR at Week 4 and eRVR at Weeks 4 and 12 ]
- Proportion of subjects in each group/duration who achieve HCV RNA <LLOQ target detected or not detected, at end of therapy (SVR24) [ Time Frame: 24 weeks post treatment (SVR24) ]
- Proportion of subjects with treatment emergent cytopenic abnormalities (anemia as defined by Hb <10 g/dL, and/or neutropenia as defined by ANC <750 mm3 and/or thrombocytopenia as defined by platelets <50,000 mm3) during the treatment period [ Time Frame: Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20, and 24 (and Weeks 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 for subjects requiring those visits) ]
ANC=Absolute Neutrophil Count
- Proportion of subjects with the following on treatment IFN-associated symptoms: flu-like symptoms (as defined by pyrexia or chills or pain) and musculoskeletal symptoms (as defined by arthralgia or myalgia or back pain) [ Time Frame: Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20, and 24 (and Weeks 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 for subjects requiring those visits) ]IFN=Interferon
- Frequency of deaths, serious adverse events (SAEs), discontinuations due to Adverse Events (AEs), dose reductions, and severity Grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities [ Time Frame: From Day 1 until the end of treatment 24 weeks or 48 weeks: Weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20, and 24 (and Weeks 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 for subjects requiring those visits) ]
- Absolute and percent change from baseline in the CD4 cell count, lymphocyte cell count, and platelet count [ Time Frame: Weeks 4, 8, 12 and 24 (and Week 36 for subjects requiring visit) ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- HCV Genotype-1, -2, -3 or -4 treatment naïve;
- HCV RNA ≥10,000 IU/mL at screening;
- HIV-1 infection [(approximately 200 subjects receiving HAART, approximately 100 subjects not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)];
- For subjects receiving HAART, HIV RNA must be below <40 copies/mL at screening and <200 copies/mL for at least 8 weeks prior to screening;
- CD4 cell count at screening must be ≥100 cells/μL if receiving HAART or ≥350 cells/μL if not receiving HAART)
- Seronegative for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)
- Body Mass Index (BMI) of 18 to 35 kg/m2, inclusive. BMI=weight (kg)/[height (m)]2 at screening;
- Subjects with compensated cirrhosis are permitted, but the number of subjects will be capped at approximately 30%. If a subject does not have cirrhosis, a liver biopsy within 3 years prior to enrollment is required to demonstrate the absence of cirrhosis. If cirrhosis is present, any prior liver biopsy is sufficient. Fibroscan® or FibroTest are acceptable if performed within 1 year prior to treatment in countries where liver biopsy is not required prior to treatment and where non-invasive imaging tests are approved for staging of liver disease
Subjects with mild to moderate hemophilia as defined as:
- Mild-factor level activity of 6-4% OR
- Moderate defined as factor level activity of 1-5%
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any evidence of liver disease other than chronic HCV;
- Subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-2);
- Diagnosed or suspected hepatocellular carcinoma;
- Decompensated liver disease;
- Presence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining opportunistic infections within 12 weeks prior to study entry (AIDS-defining opportunistic infections as defined by the CDC, (CDC, JAMA 1993 Feb 10;269(6):729-30)
- Laboratory values: ANC <1.5 x 109 cells/L (<1.2 x 109 cells/L for Blacks), platelet count <90 x 109 cells/L, hemoglobin <11 g/dL for females, hemoglobin <12 g/dL for males;
- Subjects (receiving HAART) who had first initiated anti-retroviral therapy within last 8 weeks prior to Day 1; however, if changes are required to a subject's HAART regimen to meet the requirements of the protocol, these changes are allowed at the screening visit. Subjects should wait a minimum of 1 month prior to Day 1 after a repeat of HIV viral load has been confirmed, <40 copies/mL
- Subjects on Zidovudine (AZT), Didanosine (ddI), or Stavudine (d4T);
- Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements
- Subjects with severe hemophilia (defined as <1% factor activity level)
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01866930
|Study Director:
|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|Bristol-Myers Squibb
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
|Responsible Party:
|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
2012-003280-22 ( EudraCT Number )
|First Posted:
|June 3, 2013 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|March 23, 2017
|Last Verified:
|March 2017
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C, Chronic
Liver Diseases
Digestive System Diseases
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
Virus Diseases
Flaviviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Hepatitis, Chronic
Antineoplastic Agents
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action


text:
The first task each day is to check email and phone messages to see what inquiries have come in. Part of my role with the state's Division of Archaeology is to help inform the public about Tennessee's prehistoric past, and on an average day I'll receive questions and requests from a variety of sources. These typically include property owners with archaeological resources on their land, collectors interested in identifying their finds, and students, academics, and Cultural Resource Management firms conducting research. The type and number of requests seems to cycle, and recently there has been a marked increase in calls from members of the public curious about prehistoric artifacts they have found or inherited.
- About the Project
- Take Part in 2017!
- How to Post
- Explore Posts
- #dayofarch Swag


text:
Greenville police are searching for the person that shot a man in his hotel room at the Flat River Inn & Suites last Saturday, November 12.
According to the Greenville Department of Public Safety, officers responded to the crime scene at 1104 W. Washington Street, about 12:20 a.m. November 12. They found that Frederick Neal, 24, of Grand Rapids, had been shot multiple times. Witnesses in the hotel room were unable to give police any information that would help identify the shooter.
The victim was transported by Montcalm County EMS to Spectrum Health United and later flown to Butterworth in critical condition.
Officers were assisted by the Montcalm County Sheriff Department.
Anyone with info is requested to call the Greenville Department of Public Safety at (616) 754-9161 or Silent Observer at (866) 774-2345.


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Interesting question: Is healthcare an art or science? #hctassembly #hitsm #hcsm #hcldr
— EMR, EHR and HIT (@ehrandhit) October 27, 2015
At this morning's Healthcare IT Transformation Assembly one of the panelists commented that providers need to stop treating healthcare as an art and treat it as a science. I was a little surprised how strong the panelist was in this comment. What do you think? Is healthcare an Art or a Science?
My take is that healthcare is more science than it is art. However, the problem we have right now is that healthcare is being treated as more art than science.
When you look at the history of healthcare, it makes sense why many providers treat the care they provide as art. For a long time the science of healthcare wasn't there and so doctors had to practice the art of medicine because the science of healthcare wasn't there yet and the science of healthcare wasn't being shared easily with all of healthcare.
Think about how this has changed over the years. We have hundreds of new ways to measure the quality and effectiveness of the care we provide. We also have the systems to be able to measure the effectiveness of the care we provide. Furthermore, we have drastically more effective ways to communicate the results of the studies and data collection we do. We no longer have to wait months for the journal to come out and be sent to doctors who then have to find the time to read it. We're in an instant communication environment.
The CMIO of Intermountain, Stanley M. Huff, MD, made a fascinating observation about our ability as humans to understand the impact of the choices we make. He said, "The human mind doesn't have the ability to identify the difference between a 3 in 100 and 4 in 100 difference in results." A difference like this is so subtle that we are unable to note the difference. If you ask that 1 person who got a better result, they certainly note the difference. If you look at the cost of that 1 person who has a bad outcome, that makes a huge difference in healthcare costs as well.
We need more scientific tracking of outcomes like this and then we need to implement workflows and communication that ensures that the best treatment is being used. Unfortunately we don't have this type of tracking and understanding about every aspect of healthcare. That's why it's true that healthcare is more science than art. However, over time healthcare will become more and more science. Our healthcare IT solutions should better help us know and implement the science of healthcare.