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Blanket Statement
This story appears in the March 2003 issue of Entrepreneur. Subscribe »
What: Comfort fleece
blankets, bears, chocolates and other novelty gifts
Who: David Avalos of INsecurity Blanket
Where: Burbank, California
When: Started in 2001
Adults need security blankets, too--just ask David Avalos, the 46-year-old designer of the INsecurity Blanket, a snuggly fleece blanket created to help people take a lighthearted approach when facing their insecurities.
The idea struck when he noticed how much comfort a blanket gave his 3-year-old son. Avalos suddenly started wishing he had something as simple as a blanket to comfort him whenever he hit rough times.
With no experience in the manufacturing industry, the former TV executive and current co-owner of a TV production company decided to design a full line of novelty gifts such as blankets, pillows, bears and chocolates (sold for $24.95, $14.95, $11.95 and $5.95, respectively). Before long, Avalos was attending gift shows across the country, and his products were an instant hit. The line is now available in 175 gift and pet stores (a pet blanket was released last year), as well as in two mail-order catalogs and on the company's Web site (www.insecurityblanket.com). The products have also been popular at hospital gift shops.
"I've found my passion, and that's just creating my own path," says Avalos. By putting the marketing skills he learned in the TV industry to use in his new business, he managed to generate national press coverage in Parenting magazine and on The Rosie O'Donnell Show and Extra. In addition, INsecurity was featured on About.com.
Now that sales for 2003 are projected to hit $60,000, Avalos has set his sights on developing new products, including INsecurity slippers, nightlights, pajamas and even a book.
Mr. Fix-It
What: Restaurant and retail
facilities management services
Who: Mark Bucher of Fixx Services Inc.
Where: Bethesda, Maryland
When: Started in 1999
Mark Bucher takes the headache out of handling the kind of maintenance nightmares that restaurants and retail stores routinely face. In fact, years of firsthand experience with managing such properties inspired him to launch Fixx Services, a company that offers facility management services.
Now businesses that have maintenance problems can call Fixx to get help 24/7; third-party plumbers and other professionals are sent to the site by Fixx representatives. "[Customers] want one number to call if their oven breaks or if someone throws a brick through their front window," explains Bucher, 34.
Customers receive 40 percent off repair prices once they pay a one-time membership fee in addition to monthly fees based on their volume of calls. Vendors are willing to offer the discount because they get more business from Fixx's referrals.
Self-funded and homebased until last year, Fixx Services now has 12 employees in Bethesda and currently does business nationwide, thanks to word-of-mouth referrals from satisfied customers. Bucher expects sales for 2003 to reach $10 million.
In Good Company
What: Roommate service for
single mothers
Who: Carmel Sullivan of Co-abode.com
Where: Santa Monica, California
When: Started in 2000
In an effort to temper the isolation she felt after her divorce, Carmel Sullivan decided to find a roommate--preferably a single mother like herself--to share her home. But after realizing no services existed to help with her search, she placed her own ads, personally conducted interviews and eventually found her perfect match.
Realizing that the women she'd interviewed--but hadn't chosen--might find compatible roommates in each other, Sullivan decided to get them in touch with each other. The women were extremely grateful for the help, prompting Sullivan to make a business of helping single mothers. "It's really an idea [whose] time has come," says Sullivan, 45, who notes there are a staggering 14 million single mothers living in the United States, many of whom are struggling financially as well as emotionally.
With the help of a friend in addition to $20,000 from an angel investor, Sullivan created a Web site that features member profiles of those looking for roommates, offers resources for single mothers and provides a "Circle of Friends" page that mothers can visit to get some support. Today, 4,800 users nationwide pay $30 per year for membership. Sullivan projects 2003 sales to quadruple 2002's $30,000.
Now that Co-abode.com has found some success--the business has been featured on CBS News, Good Morning America and Inside Edition--Sullivan has received countless funding offers. She hopes one day to create a nonprofit arm of the business to provide the first and last month's rent (in the form of a microloan) to women who are in dire need of relocation assistance once they have found their new roommates online.
On a Shoestring
What: An Internet privacy
software company
Who: Jon Oringer of SurfSecret Software
Where: New York City
When: Started in 1997
Start-Up Cost: $0
When Jon Oringer decided to use his computer know-how to start a company and create his own Internet privacy software, he became completely self-sufficient, although mom and dad were there to support him all the way.
Oringer, who lived with his parents while attending graduate school for computer science, already owned a computer. Fortunately, Oringer had been "programming forever," so in the comfort of his own room, he created a Web site and wrote his own ordering system, thus conveniently eliminating the costs of hiring a Web developer and purchasing shopping software. The Web server space cost $100 per month, which Oringer paid for himself during the first two months. By the company's third month in business, however, his revenue stream easily covered those expenses.
Because he was a full-time student sharing a roof with his parents, Oringer, 28, had the luxury of paid utility bills. Now working out of his own apartment in New York City, he employs four off-site programmers but still codes everything himself and automates as much as possible, thereby keeping his costs extremely low.
His first product, SurfSecret, has been licensed to many public libraries and was soon followed by PopupEliminator in 2001. Oringer is currently working on spam-elimination and firewall software, and expects sales to reach $700,000 for 2003.


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Edward Norton
American actor and filmmaker
Edward Harrison Norton (born August 18, 1969) is an Oscar-nominated American actor and film director.
- Drew Barrymore: Eddie Vedder said something like, "The more you're known as a personality, the less you're accepted as an entertainer."
Edward Norton: I would agree with that. On the other hand, I hate the "dark prince" act that some actors put on when they're doing publicity. If it's for real, if you're really a dark prince, then don't sit down with an interviewer and act like a dark prince. I don't necessarily love doing these things, but once you've agreed to do them, I think you ought to get on board.
- Interview by Drew Barrymore (Interview Magazine - April 1996)

subset: commoncrawl


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One Evening Project
Easy MIDI Bass Pedals
from your old MIDI keyboard
Organ pedalboards have existed since 13th century. The idea is fantastic! You can use your feet for bass duties while your fingers are busy playing higher registers. Of course you can also use MIDI pedalboards for playing higher sounds or triggering samples and fx or whatever you like.
I was interested to try using bass pedals while playing my electric guitar.
Many rock groups such as The Police and Rush have used bass pedals (in power trio context).
They used the legendary Moog Taurus - the most famous foot-operated synthesizer.
Taurus 3 is a dream machine but it's like 2000 dollars! And it has only one octave keyboard.
MIDI bass pedals like 12 step by Keith McMillen is more reasonably priced and comes with cool smart sensor keys. It's also has only one octave of keys.
But what if you wan't to try the idea of bass pedals first before buying expensive product.
Maybe you already own something like 12 step but need second machine for triggering samples.
Do you have an old ROMpler keyboard collecting dust? Give a new life to your Casio home keyboard!
You will need a working normal size keyboard (at least 4 octaves) that can output MIDI messages.
I'll show you how to hack it to MIDI bass pedals machine nondestructively!
Yes! Nondestructively. You can reverse this hack if you want to.
Maybe I'll buy something like 12 step one day but for now I'm perfectly happy with my home made bass pedals hack. I can create cinematic atmospheres with my guitar and play droning bass notes at the same time with my feet like a musical octopus! It's super cool to play some guitar arpeggios with delay fx and try different bass notes - A Happy Accident Generator Extraordinaire!
I hacked my Yamaha SY-35 vector synthesizer. It's a cool synth but not used so often nowadays.
The other two MIDI capable keyboards I own are E-mu Emax and Roland PC-180A midi controller so SY-35 was the best option.
Yamaha SY-35 hacked to bass pedals. Yamaha's modulation wheel is also usable as a foot-wheel.
What You Need
Normal size keyboard instrument (at least 49 keys preferably 61 keys) with MIDI output capability
Double sided tape
Normal clear tape
Masking tape
Thin black and white plastic sheets
I like to use polystyrene sheets in my projects
You can also use something like
It should be something thin but quite sturdy material
I used these cheap containers as a white plastic source
Coloured cardboard (some color other than black or white)
Cutting tools
Marker pen and a ruler
Computer with DAW / VST host / Pure Data / Program that manipulates MIDI messages
Making of Bass Pedals
Cut white key sized pieces from coloured cardboard and attach them to following locations with double sided tape. These will work as spacers.
double sided tape
Make spacers more sturdier by covering them with clear tape
Attach a piece of coloured cardboard on top of C#3 and D#3 note.
Then make these white plastic pieces and fix them in top of white keys.
If you have 49 key keyboard just ignore the last octave of the instructions. You still get more than an octave of bass pedal keys.
Now mark the keys with marker pen. Use masking tape on black plastic.
I made E the lowest note. I didn't want to go as low as C1. It's 32.7 Hz.
E1 is 41.2 Hz. It's the lowest note of double bass and bass guitar.
MIDI message conversion
Red dots on top picture shows original midi notes that needs to be converted to new midi note messages. Only those red dot marked keys are used on conversion and other notes are filtered out.
If you have malfunctioning notes on your keyboard you can change midi notes you use for conversion. For example low F can be C or E instead of D.
Here is a picture that shows original midi note and remapped note number
Software options
I tried to find ways to remap MIDI notes that would work in different operating systems.
VST plugins
If you like to use VST midi plugins there is a really nice collection of plugins called Piz MIDI. It's made by Insert Piz Here and it's should work on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. You can download the collection from here
In the site there is a list of DAWs that will work with those plugins
You will need midiNoteMap and midiTranspose plugins from the collection
I use Windows computer and Reaper DAW.
I have only tested midiNoteMap with Windows computer but there is a strange bug at least in the Windows version. To work properly you need to put midiTranspose plugin before midiNoteMap and set transpose value to +6. For some reason midiNoteMap sees incoming notes -6 semitones off. But using midiTranspose to correct this is a quite an easy workaroud.
If you find that midiNoteMap is working correctly in your system please let me know!
Here is a screenshot from Cockos Reaper. There is no GUI in midiNoteMap so every DAW shows it differently.
There is a slider for every MIDI note. You can set remapped notes with sliders.
Simply turn unneeded midi notes to far left. Then the value is '-' and the plugin filters out that midi note.
Pure Data
If you don't want to use VST plugins you can use Pure Data to manipulate midi messages.
You can download patch I made from here
PD bass pedals
I use Midi Yoke in Windows to route midi between applications. There are instructions in the web how to do it on OS X. I don't know how Linux handles MIDI.
In Pure Data's MIDI Settings I set my hardware MIDI input as input device and MIDI Yoke as output device. I disable any input and output device in Audio Settings. It's important that you set Delay (msec) value to 0 in Audio Settings. If delay value is something else than zero there is latency in MIDI messages.
You can now route your manipulated MIDI messages to DAW or hardware synths.
Happy playing!
Playing tip!In some keyboards the keys are pretty high. If you play standing up it might help your playing if you use something to lift yourself a little higher from the floor.
Demo video of Bass Pedals in action
I used AAS Ultra Analog for bass sounds. The white keys are not yet covered with white plastic in this video. I made a setup that uses modulation wheel to crossface between two synth presets. Mod wheel also acts as a volume control for Valhalla Shimmer reverb (in guitar fx chain) that is set to octave pitch shift feedback effect.
The track I play is called One Hour Backwards.
I made also an Instructables-version of this project


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Related Articles
- Gun control group gives Obama an 'F'. O'Brien, Michael // Hill;1/19/2010, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p6
The article reports on a failing grade of U.S. President Barack Obama rated by the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence because of his alleged runaway from gun control in the country.
- Pro-gun America Quiet, Contemplative in Wake of Sandy Hook Massacre. // Moderate Voice;12/17/2012, p7
The article reports that calls for stricter gun control due to the Sandy Hook, Connecticut school shooting have drawn no response from pro-firearm organizations and politicians in the U.S.
- Thank you again! King, John; King, Joyce // American Agriculturist (0161-8237);Mar2013, Vol. 210 Issue 3, p7
A letter to the editor is presented in response to an article about gun-control in the U.S.
- Comprehensive approach to end gun violence. Gonzales, Alberto // Hill;12/21/2012, Vol. 19 Issue 146, p14
The author reflects on the need for more gun control after the shooting incident in Newtown, Connecticut.
- It is time to demand an assault weapons ban. // National Catholic Reporter;1/4/2013, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p26
The author argues for the support and construction of strict gun control legislation by Catholics in the U.S.
- Regulate bullets the way we do drugs. ODLE, Samuel L. // Indianapolis Business Journal;5/6/2013, Vol. 34 Issue 10, p5B
The article presents the author's views on the need for the U.S. to start regulating bullets in the same way they do with drugs if they cannot implement restriction on guns.
- Urgency and Persistence Needed to Stop Gun Violence. // Washington Informer;9/26/2013, Vol. 48 Issue 50, p28
The author reflects on the necessity and determination needed to contain gun violence in the U.S.
- Gun control. LANGLOIS, KRISTA // High Country News;12/21/2015, Vol. 47 Issue 23, p6
The article discusses gun control laws at the various states in the U.S. and tackles the per capita rates of gun deaths.
- Democrats discuss gun-control bills at taskforce meeting. Miller, Jess // La Prensa San Diego;1/25/2013, Vol. 37 Issue 4, p3
The article informs that the U.S. Congressional Gun Violence Prevention Task Force held a hearing in Washington, D.C. on January 23, 2012, on the steps that the U.S. Congress could take to reduce gun violence, while respecting the U.S. Second Amendment rights.


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Raymond James Financial (RJF) said Wednesday that its legacy advisors generated a small increase in fees and commissions in April. It also shared the breakdown of production for its branded advisors vs. the Morgan Keegan reps recently acquired from Regions Financial (RF).
The combined advisor force generated about $253 million in total fees and commissions in April — with roughly $189 million coming from some 4,500 Raymond James FAs and close to $64 million, or nearly 25%, coming from about 1,000 Morgan Keegan brokers. Assets under administration in April for the Raymond James reps was $293 billion and $83 billion for the Morgan Keegan FAs — for a total of $376 billion in assets.
In terms of an improvement in production, Raymond James advisors boosted revenue by 4% year-over-year in April (to nearly $189 million from $182.5 million) and by close to 1.5% from March (when fees and commissions totaled $186.3 million).
"With the S&P 500 essentially flat for the month, the 1.4% sequential increase in RJF private-client-group securities commissions and fees reflects the higher quarterly billing base at April 1 for fee-based accounts," said CEO Paul Reilly (left) in in a press release.
"The increase from the prior quarter in fee-based assets more than overcame the impact of two fewer business days than in the preceding month. The MK private client group revenues were approximately in line with our expectations," Reilly noted.
The firm's Equity Capital Markets' business "remains challenging and is still operating well below year-ago levels," according to Raymond James. The company said it had five lead-underwriting deals in April vs. four a year ago and five last year.
Its fixed-income operations, however, "made good progress" integrating Raymond James & Associates fixed-income businesses into the larger fixed-income operations of Morgan Keegan, the company says, with the combined department roughly three times the size of the earlier fixed-income business.
Both assets under management and loans at Raymond James Bank had a small increase in April, as new production "approximated runoff in both segments." The bank had loans of $7.5 billion in April vs. $6.1 billion a year ago and $7.4 billion in March.
"The first three weeks of May were challenging for equity markets, allegedly a reaction to the uncertainty in the European markets. It appears that we may experience more volatility in the equity markets, which further validates our diversified business model." Reilly said.


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As marked on my office calendar, I'm having a trip with my family, to...?
Take a guess. It's freakin' easy, drawn there - a hill with strawberries. Lol.
The aircond is freakin' cold at where I sit. It turns out that there had been a maintenance on the aircond weeks ago, so now it's like, colder than ever.
Oh and my fyp first viewing is postponed! Lol
Once in your lifetime in Mie
2 weeks ago


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Kansas House to debate gun measures
Bills backed by gun rights advocates
The Kansas House is preparing to debate two measures backed by gun rights advocates.
One bill on the House's debate calendar Wednesday would allow school districts and state colleges to designate employees who could carry concealed firearms inside their buildings, even if such weapons were banned for others.
The measure also would expand the number of public buildings where people with a state permit could bring concealed weapons. State law now generally bans concealed weapons in courthouses and other public buildings where officials post notices.
Another bill up for debate declares that the federal government can't regulate firearms manufactured, sold and kept in Kansas.
The measures are a reaction to discussions about new gun-control measures by federal officials in the wake of December's mass school shooting in Newtown, Conn.


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Before Anne Hathaway sold her teeth and succumbed to TB for an Oscar, she was selling landlines to folks in Ohio.
Cast by Northlich, a Cincinnati marketing agency, the Los Angeles-based Hathaway was flown in to avoid using actors who'd been in multiple local commercials before. In the Cincinnati Bell Telephone spot from the mid- to late- 90s, teenage Hathaway (embarrassingly!) (but also, pretty adorably) tries to shake a boy's hand after their date. She then spends the evening being embarrassed about it to her friend on the phone, only to receive a message later that her gentlemen caller is interested in another outing. What luck!
If you're curious whether or not the people who gave her her big break were invited to the Oscars, they were not. "We didn't get tickets or invited to the after party," quipped Dan Lally, vice president of Northlich.
This is JUST like when I cast Kat Dennings in a student film, and then she became famous a few years later through no relation to the film, and then she didn't send me all her money.
Seriously, what a bunch of snobs.


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So I'm enjoying a spiritual book by a friend in my spiritual community. He's ahead on the path, but we're in the same community. He's done years of meditation, friendship and study. I come along and pick up his book, and I can glean some of the insights he has developed. He's picked up some modern research to see if the results jive with current findings and lo and behold they do, he's found many many interesting studies. He's gleaned insights from an advance meditation practice.
So my question is, is that fair, or is it spiritual bypassism. John Welwood has, to my knowledge, coined this phrase. Where you use spirituality to not change, you just quickly and quietly incorporate this new system into your personality structure.
Is it fair for a person to go up the mountain for years of spiritual work, and then when he comes down we ask him all our pressing questions. They've put in some serious work, and you skip along and say, "hey, I don't want to do that kind of work yet, but can you just give me the secret and I'll skip the work please."
On the other hand, we learn from our elders, those ahead of us, that is a good thing. We seek guidance, and perhaps we're not trying to skip any work, but we just want to find some inspiration and mould our insights and clarify our vision of where we truly want to head.
I suppose the difference between the two is the approach to the book, whether it's a fickle fad, or whether it's the tenacious patient approach of a mature spiritual aspirant who has chosen one's tradition. And even if you're a dilettante or still on your spiritual journey of exploration to see what best fits you, that's OK too.
I feel the pull to go deeper, really commit to my spiritual life, and not get so swept up into irrelevant things. I want to simplify my life, unplug from distracting technology, and be alive as possible. At times I'm tired, and want lighter fare, lack of intensity.
As much as I like Living As A River, he's riffing off a meditation practice I mostly do on retreat, and is meant to be practiced in the run up to ordination, according to the system of meditation developed by Sangharakshita. I don't have a large enough well of metta to practice it regularly. Even if I am in harmony with the ideas and conclusions of his profound book, have I put in the work to really put into place his suggestions and really loosen up my ideas of self, to dwell in mindfulness and kindness more consistently and deeply? Sangharakshita has a quote to the effect that if the average westerner put into practice 10% of what they "knew" they would be doing good. Am I putting what I believe into practice. We are always not exactly there, we're unfinished projects in process, which is fine.
There's always a balance between pushing myself along and attacking myself when I'm in a depressive mood. If I dismiss spiritual ideals, I become poor, untethered, there is nothing to disentangle, no path to head on. If I use the ideals to beat myself up, I'm just reinforcing my own pathologies and smallness. If I use my ideals to spur myself along, then I use them properly, neither holding them too tightly nor too loosely.
So as I head into the new year, I wish to recommit to meditation, spiritual friendship, study of the word of the Buddha, continued ethical reflections based on the ten precepts, simplifying life, living mindfully and kindly, with an ever increasing appreciation for the reality and conditions, meanwhile keeping an eye on the transcendental as my reference point.
"Normality" and the need for gratitude - Since lockdown began in March, everyone's been asking when things will get back to normal. This is entirely understandable, as none of us have ever ex...
1 month ago


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No, the City of Temple does not offer average or budget billing.
Show All Answers
Click Here to Open an Account
Click Here to Transfer Service
Click Here to Terminate an Account
You must contact the Utility Business Office to terminate your utility account. Minimum monthly charges will continue to incur until the account has been taken out of your name. Just because service was turned off for non‐payment doesn't mean the account was terminated.
During normal business hours of Monday‐Friday, 8:00 – 5:00, contact the Utility Business Office at 254‐298‐5616 and press "0" to speak with a CSR. During non‐business hours, call 254‐298‐5611 and leave a voice message. This is our emergency/after‐hours mailbox that is checked frequently. A crew will be dispatched as soon as they are available. If you have a life‐threatening emergency, call 911.
Click Here for Questions on Garbage Service
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Click Here to View Your Bill
Click Here for Paperless Billing
Click Here to Pay your Bill
We do not accept post‐dated or temporary checks.
Extensions may be granted based on certain criteria according to our Extension Policy. Please contact the Utility Business Office by calling 254‐298‐5616 and pressing "0" to speak with a CSR. If your cutoff date has passed, an extension will not be granted.
Yes, we do accept electronic payments from most financial institutions. You must set us up as a payee through your bank and be sure to enter the dash (‐) in the account number, just as it appears on your bill. Allow 3‐4 business days for those payments to be received by our office.
Due dates (or penalty dates) are based off of your bill date. Once your meter is read, a bill is generated within 1‐3 business days. The penalty date is 16 days from the bill date. Our goal is to read the meter at approximately the same time each month. The read date is based off of the area of town in which you live. Bill and penalty dates may vary a few days, according to the meter read date and weekends/holidays. These dates cannot be changed.
We do have a one‐time leak adjustment policy. Please contact our office for more details.
If you have noticed a steady increase or sudden rise in your water usage, you may have a leak. Leaking toilets and dripping faucets can be a cause of high water bills. One way to determine if you have a leak is by checking your meter. You should turn off all the water in your house and then check your meter. If anything is moving on the meter, such as the numbers, dials or sweep hand, you may have a leak. For toilets, place a few drops of food coloring in the tank of the toilet and wait 15 minutes without flushing. When the time has passed check the bowl. If the color has transferred into the bowl, you have a leaky toilet and it should be repaired. Our department can make a service call to check for leaks by looking at the meter, but there is a charge for that service.
Click Here For Water Conservation Information in Temple
The last digit on the right is always a "zero" and is a fixed digit stamped on the face of the meter. It is not read and does not change.
The 2nd from the right dial measure 'tens' and is also not read since we bill in hundred gallons. It does turn, and when it reaches '9', it becomes a zero again and the third digit from the right advances to the next number.
The 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th from right dial measures "hundreds", "thousands", "ten thousands", and "hundred thousands" respectively and advances each time the previous dial on the right reaches "9" and turns to "0"
(Some larger commercial meters may have more fixed zeros)
The gallons used are calculated by subtracting the previous month's reading from the current reading.
For example:
00245.40 Reading is 245
30 days later :00324.10 Reading is 324
Current reading 324, previous reading 245, Usage 79 (7,900) gallons
There is no discount available for filling a swimming pool. If it is filled using an irrigation meter, there is no wastewater (sewer) charge associated with it. If it is filled using the domestic (house) meter and your wastewater rate is meter related (not based on a winter quarter average), the wastewater charge would reflect that consumption as well. Please notify us if you have two separate meters and you are filling a pool using your domestic meter. While there is no discount for the water, in the later case, we would consider a wastewater credit.
Most of the time, a drastic increase in your billing amount is a result of higher water consumption. We encourage you to check for leaks.
You may request a re‐read of your meter, but if the read is correct, there is a charge for that service. Customers may also request an accuracy test be performed on a meter, but if it measures within AWWA standards, there is a fee for the test and that meter will be placed back in the ground. (Please note, most meters that fail slow down and it is very rare that a meter will register more consumption than what is going through the meter.)
For persons 60 years of age or older, the account can be marked penalty exempt. This would keep the account from penalizing on the penalty (due) date and give that account until the original cutoff date without any additional charges. Reminder notices will still be mailed if the payment isn't received by the original due date. Accounts not paid in full by 5:00 on the cutoff date will still be processed for cutoff and the non‐payment fee will be assessed.
Click Here to Learn how your Sewer Rate is Determined


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You can get an instant price for a Gullwing conservatory now. All you have to do is fill in the details on the right hand side of this page.
I have just purchased and assembled one of your conservatories. We are delighted with your total service from order to delivery and assembly. The conservatory is of the highest quality, easy to assemble and really competitively priced. We love it
Our Gullwing conservatories all come with new technology that allows us to not only fully reinforce your conservatory for maximum security and strength but also making ours the quickest and easiest Gullwing conservatory to construct. New technology is a simple patented system that allows us to factory glaze your window and door frames taking away all the cost and danger of breaking the glass.
Our fitting and survey service is available on all our fits and is priced reasonably on all our Gullwing conservatories. Whether you are living in a bungalow and concerned about fitting the conservatory above existing doors and windows or just don't have the time or ability it's not a problem. We take care of the build from beginning to end.
All our Gullwing conservatory quotes also come with a price for our real brick steel conservatory base system that fits every time, the Durabase. Unlike a traditional trench and foundation base our Durabase is just a grid sequence of concrete pads that you dig out prior to delivery and then once delivered the average base time is just 4-6hrs including the walls.
All our conservatories are manufactured and tested to BBA (building regulation) standards. K2 roof system has a full BBA acreditation see here as do our Legend window and door system. See here. Our conservatories have a 10 year manufacturer backed warranty with the durabase having a 25 year warranty. Does your local builder offer you such security ? We are also members of Homepro Insurance which means we have been financially vetted and our previous customers have given reference checks for quality, timeliness value for money and courtesy. This is higher than the government backed trading standards approved scheme which actually gives you no financial checks or no come back if the company ceases to trade. With us you are insured all you need to do is add this in your quotation.
Our Gullwing conservatories offer the best value for money on the market. Our unique online quotation system lets you design the Gullwing conservatory of your dreams at your own pace with no technical expertise required. Once you have submitted you Gullwing conservatory design you are automatically sent an online price with no salesmen and no hassle. Every quotation then receives its own free 3d drawings within 24hrs for you to look at and discuss with either your builder or us. At this point you can add and take away any design feature that you like and our friendly staff that have over 25years experience will take their time and ensure that you get the best conservatory and advice you can for your budget.
Although the internet is great for getting an initial guide price you still may not be able to truly design your Gullwing conservatory to your exact requirements. For instance we specialise in two walled or front only Gullwing conservatories where fitting into a corner or between two buildings is required.
All our conservatories come fully palletised straight from the factory on 40ft curtain sided lorries. There are two men on the vehicle and all you need to do is put the kettle on and check the final amount of packages that we deliver. Once you have signed our easy read delivery note you still then have a month to let us know if there are any other problems. This is more than enough time to put the conservatory up and make sure that it's right. No other company offers this 30 day part replacement service.


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Here's our story. We live in Illinois (a VERY easy state to homeschool in!). I homeschool my oldest who is in first grade this year. It's gone great. We've definitely had an up and down year since we're still trying to get a handle on what works best for us, but overall, I can't see her doing school any other way. My middle daughter will be going to morning kindergarten next year because she really needs that time to explore some things on her own without her sisters. I know, I know, most homeschoolers probably think that's nuts but each child is different.
Anyway, here's the crazy idea. My nephew will be in sixth grade next year. He HATES his school because he has had to change schools so often and has a lot of social issues. My idea is to maybe homeschool him next year, just for one year, to see how it goes. Obviously we would have to probably do the text book approach for him since he would return to public school. He seems to have no problem learning that way because he gets really great grades. I think he needs homeschool because of emotional reasons. His mom is a single mom with two jobs and no way to do it herself. Would we have to call it a private school and me his tutor? Any thoughts on this undertaking would be great!
Does this make any sense?
Find or post information on the legal aspects of homeschooling in your state.
Moderators: Theodore, elliemaejune
3 posts • Page 1 of 1
Re: Does this make any sense?
I think it makes sense.
As far as I can tell, there are no rules for private schools in Illinois aside from attendance (176 days) and subjects (language arts, biological and physical science, math, social sciences, fine arts, health and physical development), so there should be no issues with you being the teacher rather than your nephew's mother.
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About Caffe San Marco
Caffe San Marco's relaxed atmosphere, great views and Italian influence, as well its sidewalk location in the V & A Waterfront means patrons can sit back, sip on a gourmet cup of coffee and people watch. A truly Italian experience, Caffe San Marco offers patrons an authentic slice of that la vita e bella, or the beautiful life. Nestled in the bustling Waterfront, looking out over the harbour where the seals frolic and water traffic goes to and fro, Caffe San Marco's menu is made up of a selection of delicious fare to satisfy and delight.
Whether its breakfast, lunch, dinner, a light snack or a cup of the best coffee, Caffe San Marco has something to offer. Real Italian food, made the traditional way, each meal is freshly prepared and made to order. The beef carpaccio is one of the house specialities cut from the finest fillet, garnished with the finest salina capers. There are a range of pastas and salads made with authentic Italian ingredients. There is an extensive breakfast menu, served until 12pm, as well as a selection of gourmet sandwiches.
Breakfast, lunch or dinner, Caffe San Marco offers an the best views, the finest coffees and fabulous food, while being the perfect place to watch the world go by.
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Donald Trump didn't use his highly-rated reality show as a platform to launch his official 2012 Presidential campaign, but he didn't miss a chance to at least bring the subject up.
Last night, The Donald began the most recent episode of "Celebrity Apprentice" by asking the contestants - who have all proven to be willing to do or say absolutely anything in order to stay on the show - whether or not they would vote for Trump if he ran.
Naturally, the polls were far from split.
U.S. & World
"I would vote for you," said Meatloaf. "In fact, I'll help you with your campaign."
Trump did ask who wouldn't vote for him, which lead to Ivanka Trump stating the oh-so-obvious.
"A hot hint," she said. "Don't raise your hand."
At least he's got the D-list celebrities who have appeared on his reality show demographic locked in.
Selected Reading: PopEater, TV Squad, Contact Music


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Last week a small group of us stood in Juan's yard in Ciudad Sandino, Nicaragua, to learn more about him and his family's life. This was part of a sponsor tour home visit and seven of us branched off from the rest of the group to visit Juan.
The air was hot and still with some pesky flies and mosquitoes buzzing around. Juan's wife, Brenda, did most of the talking. They have three children, and all of them were sponsored in the local Compassion child development centers.
Three is the maximum number of children from one family that can be enrolled in our sponsorship program, so that alone told me they were in a desperate situation.
A few from the group sat in some plastic chairs in front of their 12 x 12 single-room house made of scrap boards, cinder blocks and a rusting tin roof.
We asked questions about their kids, their jobs, their hopes and dreams, etc. One of their sons and two other local boys were high above us in the branches of the mamón tree, gathering the small fruit to eat or sell, causing small branches and leaves to fall around us from time to time.
At most homes we visit on these trips we are welcomed inside. It was different here. Brenda was embarrassed about how little they had, ashamed of their poverty.
We all knew that Juan and his family were not less than us; they just have less than us. Despite that, their poverty has begun to work in their minds and hearts to cause feelings of shame and embarrassment over their situation.
Help Families Affected BY COVID-19
Families in poverty have no safety net in times of crisis. Help provide food, medical care and support during this pandemic.
When we realized this, it was uncomfortable, and we quickly tried to lighten the conversation. We asked how we could pray for them and specifically for Juan — and even then it was Brenda who answered for him.
Not wanting to make the meeting so one-sided, we encouraged them to ask questions of us. Most times, the questions we get are pretty light: does it snow where we live, what church do we attend, etc. I wasn't prepared for the weight of the question when Juan finally spoke:
"For you, when you help take care of our children, is it easy for you, or is it a sacrifice?"
It's easy to get caught up in life in America, the richest country and culture in the history of the world.
And by American standards, perhaps I am sacrificing to help children like Juan's. We don't have cable, we own and share one car, and we try to curb our desire for new clothes and other things, buying stuff second hand when we can.
But looking at Juan and Brenda and all they have to do to care for their children, the truth, the absolute truth, is that I know nothing of sacrifice.
I have never faced the choices they face daily, and I probably never will.
I don't have to choose between medicine for a sick child and food for the rest of the family. It wouldn't even cross my mind to sacrifice my young child's education to get him out earning money for the family.
I brush up against poverty on these trips, and we sponsor several children and donate in other areas, but looking at their lives it is clear that what we do is easy and requires no true sacrifice on our part.
It is I who should be embarrassed and ashamed, not Juan and Brenda.
Lord Jesus, show me more and more how I can serve you with all that I am, how to truly sacrifice, how to truly lay down my life for others, for You.


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Lincecum takes notes from Hudson on aiming low
Two-time Cy Young winner, 15-year veteran keep pitches down in pitching session
SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. -- Only a week into Spring Training, Tim Hudson has made his presence felt among the Giants.
Moreover, Hudson has had an impact upon somebody who can benefit deeply from his influence -- a talented, accomplished, yet still-evolving fellow right-hander named Tim Lincecum.
The Hudson-Lincecum relationship manifested itself during the Giants' workout Friday. At Scottsdale Stadium, Hudson faced hitters for the first time since sustaining his horrific fractured right ankle last July 24. He repeatedly induced ground balls with his sinking fastball, displaying the style that has made him the Major Leagues' winningest active pitcher (205) along with the Yankees' CC Sabathia.
Minutes after Hudson finished his stint, Lincecum faced hitters on an auxiliary diamond and looked polished, unlike the performer who has struggled virtually every Spring Training. Like Hudson, Lincecum tried to steer his pitches toward the lower quandrants of the strike zone. Like Hudson, he succeeded.
"He looked great," said outfielder Gregor Blanco, who faced Lincecum along with utility infielder Joaquin Arias and catcher Guillermo Quiroz. "His offspeed pitches were good; his changeup was unbelievable. If he keeps the ball down, he's going to be good."
Lincecum aches to be great, not good, To that end, the two-time Cy Young Award winner has chatted with Hudson, a 15-year veteran, about pitching theories and technique. Hudson's advice: Aim low.
"When you see a guy who's been in the game that long, you [ask], 'How has he stayed in the game that long? What has he done to simplify the game for himself?'" said Lincecum, who compiled a 20-29 record with a 4.80 ERA the last two seasons. "I take a look back at years when I've scuffled, or the last couple of years where it has been a pretty bad run, and I look at guys like him who have had success even in later years and how they did that."
Lincecum's metamorphosis from flamethrower to finesse artist has been ongoing for a couple of years. Perhaps Hudson's arrival via free agency will accelerate his transition. Lincecum led the National League in strikeouts for three consecutive seasons (2008-2010) and averaged nearly a strikeout per inning last year. Now, he said, what he really wants to induce from hitters is not swings and misses, but "crappy contact."
"If he can do it, I can do it," Lincecum said, describing the effect of having Hudson around. "The competition kind of takes hold."
Hudson said that he has discussed "philosophies and game plans and how you go about setting some things up" with Lincecum. The 38-year-old looks forward to bonding with the other Giants pitchers.
"I think it's going to be really cool picking everybody's brains at some point and them picking mine and figuring out the complicated thing of getting hitters out," Hudson said.
Hudson might not have recorded as many outs as he'd prefer had his batting-practice session unfolded in a game. Pablo Sandoval whacked several sharp grounders up the middle.
"I don't think there's a pitch he's seen that he didn't like," Hudson jokingly said. Hector Sanchez added another apparent single. But Hudson also coaxed at least one swing-and-a-miss from Sandoval, Sanchez and Hunter Pence.
"I just went out there and did what I do," Hudson said. "I was glad to see a lot of balls on the ground. Whether they were base hits or not, it seems like a good sign for me or any sinkerballer."
Hudson's arm feels sound, but healing the ankle has delayed his overall physical preparation.
"Right now, the more challenging thing is to get my body in shape, getting ready to go from a conditioning standpoint," he said.
Unencumbered by such concerns, Lincecum concentrated on pitching, period. Asked to rate his satisfaction with his outing on a scale of 1 to 10, Lincecum responded, "8."
"The hitters were a good indication that I was on the right path," Lincecum said.
Quiroz flailed at a curveball. Blanco and Arias missed changeups. Arias left the batting cage muttering to himself after one of his rounds ended.
"I think he shattered three or four bats," said Minor League catcher Andrew Susac, Lincecum's batterymate.
Blanco rapped a couple of pitches hard for apparent base hits. But as he said later, "I think those were the only two mistakes he made."


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When I was a teen, a couple times I skipped school and took the city bus to the main city library to sit and read books all day. I still vividly remember thinking how silly it was that I spent my days shut in a classroom when I feel like I learned more and retained more from those books. In hindsight, I look back and can still remember some of the things I read about but recall very little about high school that was academic.
Then by the time I had my own children, I guess I got in to the in-the-box mindset that you just send your children to school when they turn 5. Eventually, I did turn to homeschooling. I was a little relaxed. Things went great. My children learned so much. Then for high school, some reason, I got in to my head that my children needed to earn credits, following some preset set of things that my children must learn. This means 4 yrs of social studies (world geo, world hist, US hist, econ and gov't), 4 years of science (bio, chem, physics and 1 AP course), 4 years of English, 3-4 yrs of foreign language, and 5 yrs of math (through AP math as schools count algebra as a credit too even when taken before high school).
OK, so we are following that path this year with our 2 oldest and I am starting to wonder if we should not be doing this. The kids are bored. Much of the material, they already know. There is a reason some people call us geeks and we don't mind. Our idea of a great vacation is visiting some historical site or geographical area. We actually do have old used physics books on the shelves because the kids have fun reading them. In fact, we have several book shelves full of books about just about anything. My 8 yr old routinely falls asleep with a book in his hands.
So why am I routinely telling my 15 yr old to put down that physics book or the book he is working out of now to learn computer programming, so that he can read the world geography textbook and answer the questions in the workbook? Or telling my daughter to stop reading about Bach and Mozart so that she can read her biology textbook and answer the questions in her workbook. It is true that she is reading a lot of facts in this book that she might not otherwise read. But fact is, and she even says this, they seem to be just a collection of many many facts that don't really go together that she must memorize to take a test on. I remember when she was obsessed with Meerkats. She was so obsessed with everything about Meerkats that she ended up reading on everything related to them too. Or when it was DNA she wanted to learn more about. Get the idea?
SO...I am considering just setting up a set of rules and letting the children, for the most part, follow their own studies. The exception would be that they must still follow the math course, must still work on basic skills type topics like writing and math, and must take 2 yrs foreign language minimum-language of their choice. I also want them to study something of their choice so in depth that they can take and pass the AP exams in 3-5 areas (or more if they wish).
SO..would that be nuts? Should I drop the accredited school program we are doing right now and go this route? Would I be nuts? Or does this sound like the better way for kids like mine?
College prep unschooling/relaxed schooling for high school?
Discuss unschooling, eclectic, the unit study approach, or any other "unusual" homeschooling method.
Moderators: Theodore, elliemaejune
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If your children are self motivated to study things like physics, Mozart, meerkats and DNA on their own in depth, I'd say you have done your job well!
Do you know about unit studies? Your kids may love them. In fact, it sounds like your older ones may be desiging their own already.
I think keeping the math, writing and language requirements is wise, especially if they are college bound. It sounds like they will probably cover the rest on their own given the opportunity. You can begin to work all this independent study into a standard transcript format (for your high school age kids), and have them fill in any "gaps" they see for minimum college admissions requirements if that's their goal.
Congratulations on a job well done!
Do you know about unit studies? Your kids may love them. In fact, it sounds like your older ones may be desiging their own already.
I think keeping the math, writing and language requirements is wise, especially if they are college bound. It sounds like they will probably cover the rest on their own given the opportunity. You can begin to work all this independent study into a standard transcript format (for your high school age kids), and have them fill in any "gaps" they see for minimum college admissions requirements if that's their goal.
Congratulations on a job well done!
Hmm. Some subjects can be done in a more relaxed style, like anything that just involves a lot of background reading (history, for instance). Other subjects, at least at the high school and college level, are definitely not best done through unschooling (math, sciences, etc.) Personally, I wouldn't try unschooling through high school for the most part, there's simply too much information and too little allowance for holes than there is in grade school.
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College Material?
Can they pursue dual enrollment at a local community college? If they have already learned much of their high school material, many students do this. They will learn college level material will still getting their official "high school credits" They may be able to do this online. Also, many colleges have free classes online; you can listen to the lectures and such for no charge. Look for online learning on a google search.
Been doing this for 7 years. 4 kids; 12yrs, 8yrs, 4yrs, and 2yrs
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Land Cover and Natural Features Styles & Symbols Included with Ortelius
Ortelius' Styles & Symbols palette is loaded with Land Cover and Natural Features styles and symbols. Styles include buildings, greenspace, ground cover, and a selection of styles based on Natural Earth I land cover classification.
To edit built-in styles, Clone a style and customize it to suit your project. Built-in symbols can provide a quick starting point for creating custom symbol collections. Note, some symbols are made from multiple objects and should be detached from their symbol master, then ungrouped before editing.
These are just some of the styles & clip art among a wide assortment of over 1700 fully editable vector map symbols and custom styles included in the built-in Ortelius Library.
To Get This Collection
This collection is included with the Ortelius software for Mac OS X. Don't have Ortelius? Try it free!
Terms of Use
Media provided by Mapdiva LLC are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License unless otherwise noted. Attribution to Mapdiva.com is requested, however not required.


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Decision : CONF 209 VIII.C.1
Shrines and Temples of Nikko (Japan)
Property: Shrines and Temples of Nikko
Id. N°: 913
State Party: Japan
Criteria: C (i) (iv) (vi)
The Committee inscribed this property on the World Heritage List on the basis of criteria (i), (iv) and (vi):
Criterion (i): The Nikko shrines and temples are a reflection of architectural and artistic genius; this aspect is reinforced by the harmonious integration of the buildings in a forest and a natural site laid out by people.
Criterion (iv): Nikko is a perfect illustration of the architectural style of the Edo period as applied to Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples. The Gongen-zukuri style of the two mausoleums, the Tôshôgû and the Taiyû-in Reibyô, reached the peak of its expression in Nikko, and was later to exert a decisive influence. The ingenuity and creativity of its architects and decorators are revealed in an outstanding and distinguished manner.
Criterion (vi): The Nikko shrines and temples, together with their environment, are an outstanding example of a traditional Japanese religious centre, associated with the Shinto perception of the relationship of man with nature, in which mountains and forests have a sacred meaning and are objects of veneration, in a religious practice that is still very much alive today.
The Committee took note of the comments of ICOMOS that the development pressure near the south-west border of the site would require the State Party to be vigilant in monitoring potential threats in the future.


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Here is the textbook that I created/curated for teaching my New Media Technology class during the Spring semester of 2012 at Hannam University's Linton Global College. I took great effort to give credit where it is due. I aimed to show my students how they could access enough free info on the web that was of equal or greater value than the wonderful information found in expensive textbooks. Feel free to share and please support the true authors of this book in any way you can (money, likes, blog comments, links, etc.) I am simply the currator of this content.
If you would like a free tablet-friendly PDF file, just email me at kenmorrison30 @ yahoo.com (no spaces)
Via Ken Morrison


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The blind folk, gospel and blues musician made it to New York from South Carolina and made a name for himself as the "Harlem Street Singer." a Baptist minister and a teacher, Gary Davis was also an accomplished and influential vocalist, guitarist, and harmonica player. He was seventy years old at the time of this recording. "We Are the Heavenly Father's Children" is re-mastered and re-released on If I Had My Way: Early Home Recordings(SFW40123).
~~Track Listings
1. Sun is Going Down
2. Oh, What a Beautiful City (Twelve Gates to the City)
3. Morning Train
4. Fast Stepping Time
5. Birdshead Special
6. Long John
7. God's Unchanging Hand
8. We Are the Heavenly Father's Children


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Shake-up in Dow Industrials, and More
What's News: Dow drops Alcoa, Hewlett-Packard, and Bank of America; adds Nike, Visa, Goldman Sachs. Syria backs Russian plan for chemical weapons. Wal-Mart launches smartphone trade-in program. Joanne Po reports.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I mean to shake up the members of an elite club this is what's news I'm WS J live I'm Joann Co ... the Dow Jones industrial average is dropping Alcoa Hewlett-Packard and Bank of America effect of the close of trading on September twenty s ... It's the biggest change to the thirty stock index in almost a decade ... Alcoa Dow component to it in four years will be replaced by ninety ... eight people be replaced by these at ... Goldman Sachs will take the place of Bank of America ... the company that oversees the Dow the SNP Dow Jones Indices said ... the changes were prompted by the low stock price and flagging fortunes of the three companies slated for a mobile ... and to diversify the sector and industry group representation in the blue-chip benchmark ... Syria's foreign minister says Syria has agreed to a Russian proposal to relinquish control of that stash of chemical weapons ... meantime France as it is submitting a resolution to United Nations Security Council on Tuesday ... to allow for international inspectors to fully AXA serious ... chemical stockpile and allow for swift disarmament ... France's foreign minister says the proposed resolution would establish consequences ... and invoke a clause for the use of all possible means including military action ... to force the UN resolution ... president Obama is making a primetime address it to make his case on Syria to the American people Tuesday night ... a Wal-Mart wants your old smartphones the world's largest retailer will give customers a credit toward buying a new smartphone ... with a trading appetites the goal is to sell more cellphones at its US stores across the country and capitalize on a growing market for used smartphones ... starting September twenty First consumers will be able to receive credit from fifty to three hundred box ... for more than one hundred smartphones at the top end of that working non savage Apple I phone five ... could fetch three hundred dollars ... Wal Mart's move comes just as Apple is expected to unveil its own trading after ... I Phones at its stores on Tuesday bookie keep us anomaly this is the mishap again What's News and the beest lad I'm Joann Co ...


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Intel plans to unveil a new microprocessor for the One Laptop Per Child notebook and other ultra-low cost laptop PCs at the Intel Developer Forum in Shanghai next April, an executive said this week.
No current Intel microprocessors fit the requirements of the OLPC, which uses a processor from Advanced Micro Devices, so Intel will design a new architecture specifically for the ultra-low cost laptop category, said Mooly Eden, vice president and general manager of the mobile platforms group at Intel.
"OLPC is a new category that will allow many, many people in many places to have access to the Internet," he said. "It's a category for itself. It will grow, it will not be a cannibalization of an existing product category."
The OLPC Project started as an attempt to build a US$100 laptop for children in poor nations, but the laptop from the group, named the XO, will likely end up costing nearly double that amount at first. The organizers of the effort, led by academics and researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), hope heavy volume sales of the device will drive down costs.
The goal of OLPC is to make sure nobody misses out on the benefits of computing. The fear is that the price of a PC is keeping too many people in developing countries from learning how the software, Internet and communications benefits of computing can improve their economies, job prospects and lives, or that poor countries will fall further and further behind the modern world due to their inability to access computers, a conundrum commonly referred to as the digital divide.
The OLPC laptop is unique because it's designed for people with limited access to electricity or indoor classrooms. To that end, developers focused on creating a long-lasting battery with built in recharging systems, with a screen people can read in sunlight, and a durable, dust-proof casing.
The current, lime-green OLPC laptop runs on AMD's 433MHz Geode LX-700, an x86-architecture chip that met OLPC's price target and consumes little power.
Last month, Intel executives talked about using existing mobile chips for the OLPC, such as modified versions of the Celeron M or upcoming Silverthorne processor, which is designed for small, mobile computers. But the small size, low cost and low power consumption required by the OLPC laptop make it unique enough to require a new architecture, said Eden.
The OLPC laptop has inspired copycats, including an initiative from Intel called the Classmate PC. Unveiled last year, the Classmate PC is a small laptop that runs on Intel's 900MHz Celeron M microprocessor. Taiwan's Asustek Computer plans to officially launch its Eee PC this week, an ultra-low cost laptop built around an Intel microprocessor and chipset, with a 7-inch screen.
Intel's Shanghai developer forum will take place on April 2 and 3, 2008, at the Shanghai International Convention Center.


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Venus Express
Venus Express was ESA's first spacecraft to voyage to our nearest planet; it was built around the design of Mars Express, making it quicker and cheaper to develop. It studied the planet's complex dynamics and chemistry, and the interactions between the atmosphere and the surface, which provided clues about the surface's characteristics.
It also studied the interactions between the atmosphere and the interplanetary environment (solar wind) to better understand the evolution of the planet. Venus Express also observed the Venusian atmosphere and clouds in unprecedented detail and accuracy.
The mission
The Venus Express Mission Operations Centre (MOC) was located at ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany.
|Study Venus' atmosphere and clouds
|9 Nov 2005
|Soyuz-Fregat/Baikonur, Kazakhstan
|1270 kg
|250 km/66 000 km
|24 hr elliptical, quasi-polar orbit
|ca. 500 Earth days; extended until fuel exhausted 16 Dec 2014
|+ ESA's first Venus mission conducted the most comprehensive study ever of the Venusian atmosphere +
The Flight Control Team
The Venus Express Flight Control Team (FCT) consisted of the Spacecraft Operations Manager (SOM) and a team of engineers, analysts and spacecraft controllers, all of whom worked at ESOC.
The FCT was supported by numerous ESOC specialists in the areas of flight dynamics, software support and ground stations, among others.
Mission operations overview
Venus Express was launched on 9 November 2005, at 3:33 UT by a Soyuz-Fregat rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The three-stage Soyuz launcher lifted the Fregat autonomous fourth stage mated together with Venus Express into a sub-orbital trajectory.
After separation from the Soyuz third stage, a Fregat main engine burn (at an altitude of about 200 kilometres) for around 20 seconds placed the Fregat-Venus Express composite into an almost circular parking orbit. After a coast phase of about 70 minutes in the low Earth orbit, a second Fregat engine burn, lasting 16 minutes, moved the combined craft from the parking orbit onto an escape trajectory, after which the Fregat stage and Venus Express separated.
Cruise orbit
After launch and separation from the last of the four launcher stages, Venus Express spent 153 days in an interplanetary transfer orbit.
After the spacecraft acquired Sun pointing and deployed its solar arrays, some two hours after launch, spacecraft commissioning started, followed by payload health checks. No routine science operations were planned during the cruise phase.
During the cruise to Venus, the spacecraft was contacted daily for health checks and navigation using the High Gain Antenna. The spacecraft was put on an arrival trajectory to Venus with mid-course navigation and a final course adjustment was performed on 29 March 2006 to fine-tune the arrival hyperbola for Venus Orbit Insertion (VOI).
Venus Orbit Insertion
The orbit insertion manoeuvre took place on 11 April 2006. To enable capture of the spacecraft, it was first slewed such that the main engine was aligned in the direction of travel. The main engine burn lasted around 50 minutes and decelerated the spacecraft by approximately 1251 metres/s (~ 4500 km/h).
The spacecraft initially entered a highly elliptical polar orbit with a pericentre of 400 km, an apocentre of 350 000 km and a period of 9 days. To achieve final operational orbit, a series of correction manoeuvres was performed.
Operational orbit
The selected operational orbit is inertially fixed, so that coverage of all longitudes can be accomplished in one Venus sidereal day (243 Earth days). The nominal mission orbital lifetime was two Venus sidereal days (roughly 500 Earth days). Following a series of mission extensions, Venus Express operations continued around the planet, increasing our knowledge about its atmosphere like what happened with the water or the discovery of nitric oxide (see in depth link upright).
The team conducted ESA's first aerobraking operations in 2014.
In late 2014, Venus Express exhausted its fuel supply and was declared complete on 16 December of that year.
Operation phases
There were two different phases for Venus Express in its operational orbit: the Earth Pointing phase and the Observation phase.
Earth Pointing phase
This phase was dedicated to communication with Earth; one of the two High Gain Antennas is oriented toward Earth to allow the uplink of commands and the dump of the stored data during the observation phase. The antenna is selected according to the relative position of the sun, the earth and the spacecraft since so that the spacecraft's cold faces remain always protected from illumination by the Sun.
Further, the main High Gain Antenna, HGA1, is used during three fourths of the mission, when the spacecraft is the most distant from Earth. In the middle of this period, Venus is in superior conjunction. The second High Gain Antenna, HGA2, is used during the remaining one fourth of the mission, when Venus is closer to Earth. In the middle of this period, Venus is in inferior conjunction. The rotation angle around the Earth direction is optimised in order to avoid any having Sunlight fall on the side wall radiators. High-rate communications are performed eight hours per day in X-band in order to transmit to Earth all science data stored in the Solid State Mass Memory.
Observation phase
There were several different modes of observation, depending on the payload configuration and spacecraft orientation. These include:
- Nadir pointing - preferably during pericentre pass, but possible on any portion of the orbit; VIRTIS, PFS, SPICAV and VMC may operate in this mode
- Limb observation - VIRTIS, PFS, SPICAV and VMC may operate in this mode
- Star occultation (SPICAV)
- Star occultation (SPICAV/SOIR)
- Radio science (VeRa)
The ground stations - Cebreros, New Norcia
Immediately after launch, the antenna dishes at Villafranca, Spain (15m), New Norcia, Australia, (35m) and Kourou, French Guiana, (15m) were used for communication and orbit determination.
Communications with Venus Express, once it arrived in orbit around Venus, were provided by the 35m antenna dish located at the ESA ground station at Cebreros near Madrid, Spain. The 35m antenna in New Norcia was used to support the Venus Radio Science Experiment (VeRa).
All data collected during observations were transmitted to Earth for about eight hours a day (one orbit around Venus is one day, or 24 hours, long). Eight hours of transmission corresponded to the downlink of between 100 and 800 megabytes of data, depending on the actual distance between Earth and Venus.
Ground segment & mission control system
The Venus Express Mission was controlled by the Venus Express Mission Operations Centre (MOC) at ESOC, in conjunction with ESA's DSA-2 deep-space ground station. The baseline operations philosophy was to acquire scientific data primarily during the 95-minute pericentre planetary passes, store the data on-board and downlink it during a single eight-hour pass each day.
Venus Express Mission Operations Centre (MOC)
Throughout all mission phases, the MOC was the primary interface with the spacecraft through the ground stations. It was responsible for monitoring and control of the complete mission. During critical mission phases (which included launch, Venus orbit injection and aerobraking) it also received tracking, telemetry and command support from the ESA ground station located in New Norcia, which is normally used for data takings in support of the Radio Science investigations.
For the complete mission duration (from launch to the end of mission, when ground contact to the spacecraft/payload is terminated), ESOC provided facilities and services to the scientific community for planning and execution of scientific data acquisition. This included generating and providing complete raw-data sets and necessary auxiliary data to the principal investigators.
Venus Express Science Operations Centre (VSOC)
Throughout the mission, the VSOC provided the Venus Express Principal Investigators with the complete sets of raw data acquired from their instruments, and with any other necessary spacecraft data, for further processing and analysis.
The VSOC is located at ESA's ESAC facility in Spain and is responsible for:
- Collecting, coordinating and planning all observations requests from the Principal Investigators
- Generating and cross checking the instruments command files that are passed to ESOC to be uploaded to the spacecraft
- Managing the Planetary Science Archive, where scientific data are made available to the wide scientific community once the 6-month proprietary period by the principal investigators is concluded
The platform and payloadThe platform
The Venus Express spacecraft was a virtual twin of Mars Express. The spacecraft body itself, termed a 'bus', is a honeycomb aluminium box about 1.7 m wide, 1.4m height. With its solar arrays extended, it measures about 8 m across. The scientific instruments are mounted in the bus; only minor changes from Mars Express were required to accommodate the revised instrument payload, which is concentrated on three sides of the spacecraft. However, the environment of Venus is very different from that of Mars, notably, it is much hotter. This required some design changes to make Venus Express more suited to operating around Venus.
The Payload
The Venus Express payload comprised a combination of spectrometers, spectral-imagers and imagers covering a wavelength range from ultraviolet to thermal infrared, a plasma analyser and a magnetometer. This set of instruments is able to study the atmosphere, plasma environment and surface of Venus in great detail. The instruments were provided by collaborative efforts between scientific institutes in ESA member states and Russia. Principal investigators in different European countries lead the nationally funded collaborations.
|Analyser of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms
|Venus Express Magnetometer
|Planetary Fourier Spectrometer
|Ultraviolet and Infrared Atmospheric Spectrometer
|Venus Radio Science Experiment
|Ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared Mapping Spectrometer
|Venus Monitoring Camera


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NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Older adults with relatively low intakes of vitamins B6 and B12 may have a higher risk of developing depression than those who get more of the nutrients, a new study suggests.
Researchers found that among 3,500 older adults they followed for up to a dozen years, the risk of developing depression symptoms declined by 2 percent for every 10-milligram (mg) increase in daily vitamin B6 from food and supplements.
The same was true for every 10-microgram (mcg) increase in vitamin B12 intake.
The findings, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, do not prove that the B vitamins themselves protect against depression. But the results do echo those of some previous studies tying the vitamins -- as well as folate, another B vitamin -- to depression risk.
The prime shortcoming of most of those previous studies, however, was that they studied people at one point in time, rather than following them over years -- making it unclear whether the lower B-vitamin intake came before or after the depression.
The main strength of the current study is that it followed a large group of people over 12 years, measuring depression symptoms at several time points, lead researcher Dr. Kimberly Skarupski, an associate professor at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, told Reuters Health in an email.
That bolsters the case that relatively low intakes of the B vitamins might contribute to depression in some people. Still, Skarupski and her colleagues say their results should be interpreted with "caution," because study participants' consumption of the vitamins might be a proxy for other factors, like a generally healthy diet.
The study included 3,500 Chicago-area adults who were at least 65 years old and depression-free at the outset. Participants' consumption of folate and vitamins B6 and B12 was estimated based on their responses to a detailed dietary questionnaire. They were then assessed for depression periodically over the next dozen years.
The researchers found that anywhere from 11 percent to 14 percent of participants had symptoms indicative of clinical depression at some point during the follow-up.
When they looked at the relationship between B vitamins and depression, they found that the risk generally dipped as consumption of B6 or B12 increased. The link held when Skarupski's team accounted for a number of other factors -- such as race, education and income, antidepressant use and lifestyle habits like smoking and drinking.
While the results do not prove cause-and-effect, Skarupski said they do emphasize the importance of older adults' being mindful of their diets.
"Older adults should eat well-balanced diets and talk with their healthcare providers about their nutritional intake and nutrient status," she advised.
Vitamin B6 is found in a range of foods, including beans, potatoes, bananas, meat, chicken, peanut butter and certain fish, like salmon and tuna. The recommended intake for men older than 50 is 1.7 mg per day, while women are advised to get 1.5 mg; the upper limit is set at 100 mg daily, as too much B6 can cause nerve damage.
Foods naturally rich in B12 include beef, certain fish, like salmon and trout, and milk products; B12 is also added to some foods, such as fortified breakfast cereals.
The recommended dietary allowance for the vitamin in adults is 2.4 micrograms per day; there is no established upper limit for B12 because of its low potential for harmful effects. Because older adults have difficulty absorbing the B12 naturally found in food, experts generally recommend that they try to get their daily allotment through fortified food or a multivitamin.
People in the current study consumed anywhere from 0.6 mg to 200 mg of B6 each day, while B12 intakes ranged from 0.3 to 266 mcg per day.
According to Skarupski's team, it is biologically plausible that the two vitamins would affect depression risk.
Both B6 and B12 are involved in healthy nervous system function, and overt B12 deficiency causes a neurological syndrome that includes problems with thinking and memory, as well as depression symptoms.
For its part, vitamin B6 is involved in synthesizing chemical "messengers" in the brain, including serotonin. Serotonin dysfunction is believed to play a key role in depression.
Much remains to be learned about B vitamins and depression, however. There is little evidence, for example, that taking the vitamins can help treat depression -- though preliminary findings from one recent study suggested that folate may enhance the effects of antidepressant medication.
In this study, folate intake was not linked to depression risk, as it has been in some studies from other countries. A potential explanation, Skarupski and her colleagues speculate, is that outright folate deficiency is rare in the U.S., where grain products are routinely fortified with the vitamin.
SOURCE: here
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, online June 2, 2010.
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.


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Will There Be a 'Holidate 2' on Netflix?
Stream It Or Skip It: 'Sarah Cooper: Everything's Fine' On Netflix, A Viral Comedy Star Puts On A Variety Special
'Borat 2' Enjoys Very Nice Opening Weekend
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Streamin' King: 'The Shawshank Redemption,' The Most Beloved Of All Stephen King Movies
Bong Joon-ho's 'Memories of Murder' Is Finally Back on VOD
'The Midnight Sky' Trailer: George Clooney Goes Full 'Revenant' in Netflix Drama
Stream It Or Skip It: 'Secrets of the Saqqara Tomb' On Netflix, A Documentary That Takes Us On A Historic Journey To Ancient Egypt
Stream It Or Skip It: 'The Soul of America' On HBO, A Documentary That Examines America's Dark Present Through The Lens Of The Past
Stream It Or Skip It: 'Guillermo Vilas: Settling the Score' on Netflix, a Documentary About a Tennis Star Who Was Screwed Over by the Man
'Secrets of the Saqqara Tomb' on Netflix Delivers Real-Life Mummies for Halloween
Decider's 24-Hour Netflix Halloween Horror Marathon
The '70s Horror Collection on Criterion Channel Proves They Don't Make 'Em Like They Used To
'Last of the Grads' Horror Movie Release Date
Stream It Or Skip It: 'The Craft: Legacy' On Demand, A Gen-Z Sequel To The 1996 Cult Classic
David Byrne's 'American Utopia' Offers Optimistic Protest While Mixing New Music And Talking Heads Classics
Stream It Or Skip It: 'Bruce Springsteen's Letter to You' on Apple TV+, a Documentary Capturing the Boss in a Contemplative Mood
Disney+ Puts Modern Twist on Cinderella With Upcoming 'Sneakerella' Musical
Shawn Mendes Shares His Life on Tour With Emotional 'In Wonder' Trailer
How To Watch 'It's The Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown' Online in 2020
Stream It Or Skip It: 'Over the Moon' on Netflix, an Animated Extravaganza That Aims for the Stars
Stream It or Skip It: 'The Witches' on HBO Max, a Roald Dahl Remake That's Too Close to the Original
'The Witches' Remake Embraces the Dark Ending Roald Dahl Wanted
'The Craft: Legacy' Has A Bi Coming Out Scene I Wish I'd Seen As a Teen
Stream It Or Skip It: 'Equal' On HBO Max, A Docuseries On The Early Pioneers Of The LGBTQIA+ Rights Movement
Who Are 'The Boys In The Band'? A Cast Guide To Netflix's Film Version of the Tony Award-Winning Play
Meet the Gay Pioneers Who Made 'The Boys in the Band' Happen
The 8 Best TV Shows of October 2020
Will There Be a 'Queen's Gambit' Season 2 on Netflix? What We Know So Far
Yes, Dudley Dursley Is in 'The Queen's Gambit'
'The Queen's Gambit' Cast Guide: Who's Who in Netflix's Chess Drama
'The Great British Baking Show' Cast Rankings: Will Peter Win and is Lottie in Trouble?
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Keith Raniere, NXIVM Leader and 'The Vow' Subject, Gets 120 Years in Prison
'Seduced' Episode 2: 11 More Revelations About NXIVM You Didn't Know
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I have this theory that when you wake up feeling depressed it's because you had a sad dream, or you realize you have to go to Immigration because your visa is almost expired.
My Visa is up for renewal by the end of this month. You can renew it up to two months before, but this year I was putting it off for as long as possible. I REALLY hate going there.
I don't think I explained what you have to do, so here you go -
There is a 200 yen bus that goes from Shinagawa Station to the Immigration Office, but like the other times, I walked there. It was a nice day and it's a pleasant walk.
Once inside there is an AMPM convenience store to get revenue stamps. 4,000 yen for your renewal, 3,000 yen for a single re-entry, and 6,000 yen for a multiple. NB: YOU DON'T NEED TO BUY THESE UNTIL YOU ACTUALLY COME BACK IN ABOUT TWO WEEKS AFTER APPROVAL.
You go up the escalator to the second floor and on the left side you'll see counters and a seating area. You go to Counter (B) to get your documents looked at (about 30 minute wait here), and there you'll be given a paper slip with a ticket number.
What you need is your passport, gaijin card, proof of employment and enrolment in National Health Insurance, and filled in application forms for visa renewal, and it's a good idea to do the form for re-entry to save you having to make an EXTRA unnecessary trip back to this place.
Once I got my number I waited about an hour to hand my forms in. YMMV depending on what time you get there, and how busy it is. Once forms are in, they'll get you to fill in a postcard with your address that will be sent when you come back in approximately two weeks to get those visa extension stamps pasted in your passport. I asked if 5 years was possible. After checking the guy said max was three years. Usually you get a approved a 1 or 3 year extension, but I heard a rumour that five years may be available in the future.
Walking back I could see that we weren't that far away from the Rainbow Bridge, so since it wasn't that late we decided to walk to Odaiba. Getting to the bridge took about 30 minutes. I'm sure people are sick of hearing me rave about going across the bridge on foot, but there are many great photo ops. This is my panorama "miniatures" version of the "island" you can see on the southside footpath looking across into Odaiba.
At the moment they are doing a trial of letting you take a bike along the bridge.
Unfortunately you can't ride it across, as they'll put a bike "skateboard" on your rear wheel. Still it's a great idea. Odaiba would be ideal to ride around.
This is a good place to take a date. We sat in a grassy area near the beach and had some onigiri (riceballs). I brought my 105 yen badminton set for a bit of exercise. They have quite a few mall shops to browse around too.
Being the big kid I am, we went to Toys R Us. We saw some really cute "Singamajig" talking plushies that we regretfully didn't end up buying. Who'd have thought in less than a few days we'd be making our way back here JUST to buy these?
Monday, 2 May 2011
Visa Renewal
I have this theory that when you wake up feeling depressed it's because you had a sad dream, or you realize you have to go to Immigration because your visa is almost expired.
Posted by Jimmy In Japan at 11:59 pm


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Students who wish to minor in French take six courses beyond the core requirement. To obtain a minor, students generally take two courses at the 200-level and four courses at the 300-level. The French minor can be combined with a major in Business, Science, Social Science, Education or the Humanities. Students minoring in French are strongly encouraged to study abroad in one of Loyola's programs in metropolitan France or in Guadeloupe.
Fall 2020 Newsletter
Spring 2021 Course List
Virtual Office Hours - Fall 2020
Due to the Corona Virus, we are working remotely until further notice.
Kaylin aspires to become an international lawyer and work for the United Nations


text:
How would a person find the Ozarks in 1830? A map, of course.
One of the most gifted men to put the Ozarks on the map was a man named H. S. Tanner. Henry Schenck Tanner(1786-1858), cartographer and statistical geographer, was born in New York. He established his well-known publishing company in Philadelphia. Trained as an engraver, he was endowed the the combination of scientific and artistic ability that spells a true cartographer. Tanner is best known for his New American Atlas, published in five parts from 1818 to 1823, with a last edition published in 1839. He died in New York in 1858.
To finance this endeavor, he was willing to make a deal and have people invest in his abilities before a map was ever produced. Hence, a proposal was made. Place a subscription for $10.00 and a map will be mailed sometime in the future. Tanner first made the announcement in Philadelphia, PA, July 10, 1818 through 1823.
This is one of the advertisments placed in the Missouri Republican out of
Map of North America Constructed from the most original and Authentic Documents BY H. S. TANNER AUTHOR OF A NEW AMERICAN ATLAS, &c.During the execution of the Maps, which compose the NEW AMERICAN ATLAS, constructed and now published by the author of the proposed Map, all recent and very important additions to the stock of knowledge on the geography of North America, have been sought and most often obtained; which together with the numerous and valuable materials previously on hand for the Map, are now offered for public patronage. In compiling this Map, the only one in the entire continent of North America, hitherto projected and published in this country on an extensive a scale, the author has availed himself of the labors of Major Long, whose manuscript maps were politely furnished by him; these, in connection with the works of Humboldt, Pike, Lewis and Clark, on the geography of the south and western regions, and those of Ross, Perry, governor Cass, Harmon and others in the north, give an entirely new aspect to this portion of the continent. The errors in existing Maps, with respects to points of the Upper Mississippi, and others near Oregon, or Rocky Mountains, have been carefully adjusted according to the observations made by the American exploring party, commanded by Major Long. By these observations, the sources of the Arkansas, Platte, and other streams, were found to be, as lain down in all public maps, nearly three degrees too far to the west, an error which prevails to a greater or less extent in t he western region generally, but has been corrected in the present Map. In locating towns and other important points, the greatest possible care has been observed, that every position be conformable to the latest astronomical observations, or in the absence of these, to the result of the best itineraries and other authentic documents. Equal care has been exerted by the compiler, not to insert obscure villages, nor places whose positions were doubtful, choosing rather to leave a vacant space on his Map, than to draw from suspicious sources. Table lands , chains of mountains, and other features belonging to the natural geography of this continent, are indicated in a manner, as far as practicable, to show their differences of elevation and relative importance, by which works on natural and civil history will be readily understood. In those parts of the Map which exhibit national and local boundaries, especial care has been bestowed, that they should be in strict accordance with the legal documents relating to this subject; the northern boundaries of the United States being traced, as fixed by the commissioners appointed under the treaty of Ghent, and by the British treaty of 1818, which makes this line terminates at Oregon Mountains, and not on the coast of the Pacific, as most maps erroneously represent it.
In constructing the first map of this vast continent, many parts of which being from the original manuscripts, the author has had to contend with more than the usual inconvenience incident to works of this nature. The surveys and explorations of minor districts, used in its formation, were made in detached parts, by different individuals. The courses of line are generally run by the needle without ascertaining or paying due regard to the variation, which differs at different times and places. The distances are frequently measured without proper care and accuracy. Plans of these detached surveys, though in many instances correct, and in most, perhaps, exhibiting precisely the relative proportion to the tract surveyed, yet seldom agree with the plans of adjoining places. To these who are experimentally acquainted with their difficulties attending the formation of a good general Map from materials so exceedingly discordant in their nature, no apology need be made for incurious from which the author is unwilling to indulge the hope that this Map is wholly exempt. To render it worthy the patronage of an enlightened public, nothing being omitted by the author that would make the present Map, what he earnestly desires, one of lasting utility and convenient reference the great care in collecting the materials for its construction, the accuracy and perspicuity with which the author has endeavored to execute it, and its convenient size, will, it is hoped, ensure the accomplishment of both these objects.
I. The size of the Map, when mounted, is five feet long by three feet nine inches wide, is engraved in a neat and distinct manner, and will be colored in appropriate style.
II. The Map now being engraved, it will be delivered to subscribers, in the order of subscription as soon as their mounting &c. will admit.
III. The price of each map, mounted on rollers, or in a portable form, will be ten dollars, payable on delivery.
IV. Persons collecting subscribers for seven copies of the map and becoming responsible for the payment, will be entitled to an eighth gratis.
Subscriptions received by H. S. TANNER, No S, Sanson-street, Philadelphia, where specimens of the work may be seen.
Sept 23
New American Atlas. Advertisement. Missouri Republican, St. Louis, Missouri 1 Jan. 1823: 5.
Malone, Dumas. ed. Dictionary of American Biography. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1964. Vol. IX, Sewell-Throwbridge.


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In this exercise, we do some basic work with fractions, and then I present a real-world scenario in which a two-by-four needs to be cut into two pieces with a 4:3 length ratio.
We start out with some calculations like:
1. Find 1/5 of 35
2. Find 2/5 of 40
3. Find 2/3 of 36
Then I show the Two by Four photo on the projector and present the scenario:
I have a project at home, and I need to cut the two by four in the photo into two pieces whose lengths have a 4:3 ratio. Where should I make the cut? How long will the pieces be?
I give students 5 minutes to work on the problem. As I walk around, I scan for exemplars that are correct and may show novel ways of representing or solving the problem. I have two or three of these students show their solutions on the document camera. For the purposes of the lesson, I will also demonstrate the solution (if necessary) in order to emphasize that a 4:3 ratio implies that there are 7 parts total, one piece will be 4/7 of 42 inches, and the other piece will be 3/7 of 42 inches.
The concept of the weighted average is fundamental to this lesson on partitioning line segments. In this section of the lesson, I spend some time developing this concept.
I have students seated in groups of four for this section of the lesson. Each group will get four copies of The Weighted Average (pages 1 and 2 only) and they will be allowed to use calculators. I give my students 15 minutes to work in groups on problems 1 through 3. I explain to them that they may or may not finish. I write the following goals on the board: (a) Each group works together to complete as many problems correctly as they can in 15 minutes and (b) Every group member will understand every problem the group completes.
After the 15 minutes have elapsed, I have my students transition back to row seating and I hand out page 3 of The Weighted Average. As we read through the text together, I provide additional commentary to make sure that my students understand the concept of the weighted average and the arithmetic that is involved.
When we have finished calculating the weighted average in the last example, I return to problems 1 through 3 from the the first two pages of The Weighted Average and solve them using the paradigm of weighted averages. This gives me an opportunity to (a) reinforce the concepts and skills of weighted averages, (b) show and explain how these problems relate to the weighted average and (c) to reveal the solutions to the problems so that students can see how they did.
In this section of the lesson students will be seated in rows as I hand out Partitioning Line Segments. This is a teaching resource, written somewhat in the style of a textbook since this topic is not covered in the textbook I use.
In the first part of the handout, I am trying to get students to see that the midpoint formula (with which they are familiar) is a special case of the partitioning formula. I do this by introducing the paradigm of "coordinate genetics". I explain to students that when we have two endpoints, A and B for example, there are an infinite number of points in between them. If we think of A and B as the "parent" points, then these infinitely many points in between are the possible "offspring" points. The genotype (and phenotype) of the offspring points are directly determined by the relative contributions from the coordinates of the two parent points to the offspring point.
So we start with the case of the midpoint, in which both parent points contribute equally to the offspring.
Then we move to an example in which one parent point contributes relatively more. This gives students their first glimpse at how we express the different relative contributions of the parent points mathematically.
Next, in the part of the handout with the heading, Reasoning, I introduce students to the key decision-making they will have to do as they navigate these types of problems.
When student have understood the reasoning behind the formula, I model two different examples: one that gives a ratio of part to part and another that gives a ratio of part to whole. I model these examples fully so that all students are trained properly. I do give students time to respond to the a. and b. portions of the examples before I start to model.
There are always students who are ready to work on their own at this point. I urge them to begin working on their own. I only ask that they work quietly and independently so as not to cause any distraction while I am addressing the class.
Finally, we get to writing the general formula for partitioning a line segment. The formula has two cases, depending on which endpoint the partitioning point is closer to. I give students a few minutes to work ahead on this. That way, those who can figure it out on their own have a chance to do so. When I notice that some students are stuck and going nowhere, I know it's time to reveal part of the process on the board and then give a few more minutes to see if that sets them sailing. I continue in this fashion until I have revealed the entire process for the first case. Then I have students work independently or with a peer to finish the second case.
In this section of the lesson, I have students seated in groups of 2-4. This is good old-fashioned practice with the help of peers when needed.
Students will be working on Cooperative Practice_Partitioning Line Segments, unabated. When the time has elapsed, I will reveal the answers so that students can go back and re-check anything that they got incorrect.
I give students Independent Practice_Partitioning Segments to take home. This will be their homework assignment after the lesson.
If I have extra time, or if I have advanced students who need enrichment, I have the Extension Task_Centroid as Partitioner ready.
In the previous lesson, we proved that the medians of a triangle must be concurrent. After this current lesson, it is easier for us to look back at our work from the previous lesson and see that the centroid actually partitions each median in the ratio 2:1. This is a useful fact that I will teach students, whether or not we do this task.
This task, though, underscores a neat connection that reinforces the learning from both lessons.