text:
Reds open playoffs against Giants tonight
Team 4-3 vs. NL West champs this season
Minus his old signature toothpick, Cincinnati's Dusty Baker leaned against the batting cage intently watching his players just as he did for a decade managing the Giants.
Baker is back in the Bay Area for the playoffs, 10 years after he came so close to winning a World Series with San Francisco.
''Well, I really don't have much choice,'' Baker said when asked if it's a strange coincidence. ''I feel comfortable here. I think my team likes coming here. This is a good town.''
Sometimes Baker still feels the sting of that World Series near-miss, even now, two managerial stops removed from his first career gig as a skipper in the place he has long called home.
On Saturday, he figures to be cheered by 40,000-plus fans at AT&T Park who still love him - ''some of 'em,'' he quipped - when the NL Central champion Reds open their best-of-five division series against the Giants, who like Cincinnati clinched early and had plenty of time to get everything situated and lined up for the postseason.
''I'll be honest, I like this clinching early thing,'' said Giants manager Bruce Bochy, whose 2010 World Series championship team clinched in Game 162.
These days, the 63-year-old Baker is conserving energy after a recent 11-game absence forced by a mini-stroke and irregular heartbeat. He just rejoined the Reds on Monday in St. Louis. Baker was away for the NL Central clincher, and Homer Bailey's no-hitter at Pittsburgh last Friday night.
He's ready to go now - with no plans to change a thing about the way he operates during a game on the playoff stage.
''I'm feeling like a grateful man,'' Baker said from his spot at the cage on a sunny fall afternoon in the Giants' waterfront ballpark.
Cincinnati's 19-game winner Johnny Cueto takes the ball in Game 1 on Saturday night.
Matt Cain (16-5) pitches the opener for the Giants with plenty of postseason cred to fall back on: The three-time All-Star didn't surrender an earned run during his team's improbable title run two years ago. He went 2-0 in three starts and 21 1-3 innings, struck out 13 and walked seven.
Cain won his final six regular-season decisions and struck out 193 batters in 219 1-3 innings this season. The right-hander hasn't lost in 10 starts since Aug. 6 at St. Louis.
He earned himself a new $127.5 million, six-year contract before the season as he'd so hoped, then backed that up by tossing the first perfect game in franchise history June 13 against the Houston Astros.
''This group has been together since the beginning and we all had the thought that this is where we wanted to be in spring training,'' Cain said.
The Barry Bonds-led Giants fell six outs short of a World Series title in Game 6 against the wild-card Angels, then lost Game 7. And Baker was gone shortly thereafter, off to the Windy City for the daunting challenge of managing the Chicago Cubs.
Nobody will forget that terrifying moment when Baker's then-3 1/2-year-old son, Darren, wandered into a play at the plate and almost got run over in Game 5 at AT&T Park. That led to the ''Darren Baker'' bat-boy rule as it became known - no toddlers working as bat boys, and a new age requirement of 14.
''Sometimes it stings at me, but you've got to leave it in the past,'' Baker said. ''You can't live in the future and stay in the past. But I'm still here. I have an opportunity to win a championship here, and it lets you know exactly that time never stops. Time goes very quickly. Doesn't seem like 10 years ago, doesn't seem like 10 years ago my boy was 3 years old, being pulled off the mound. It lets me know that I'm getting older.''
Two years ago, the Giants finally captured the city's first baseball championship since the franchise came West from New York in 1958. Two years ago, Baker's Reds won the division and were swept right out of October by the Phillies and even got no-hit by Roy Halladay in the process.
Both are back in the playoffs after failing to make it in 2011. Both dealt with devastating injuries and lost their closers: San Francisco's Brian Wilson and Cincinnati's Ryan Madson.
Everybody involved knows these games could be interesting for a pair of clubs comfortable in close games - three of this season's seven meetings were decided by one run.
''It's going to be really electric, really emotional,'' Giants center fielder and leadoff man Angel Pagan said.
Baker may still be returning to his former energetic self, but you wouldn't know it by his quick wit and good-natured approach to everything and everybody.
That is what made it so hard on everyone in San Francisco when he departed on difficult terms with former managing partner Peter Magowan that fall of 2002. Yet Baker certainly will be given his due Saturday.
''We'll see if they still love me on Sunday if we start off 2-0,'' he joked with a smile.
Sticking to a healthy diet designed by grown daughter Natosha and wife Melissa, Baker went out for dinner Thursday night ''with a couple of my home boys I grew up with'' and ordered tomato soup, tomato salad and fish. He was headed for Filipino food Friday.
''He's in really good spirits and good health,'' Reds general manager Walt Jocketty said. ''He had a little scare. He's back stronger and better than ever - we're very fortunate.''
Baker feels so good, in fact, he plans to manage again in 2013. Right now, he has an unsettled contract situation, but points out that's nothing new to him. Throughout his recent ordeal, Baker pondered that maybe his best option is to stay put right where he is - if the Reds will keep him around.
''This is about the 10th time I've been through this,'' he said. ''The only thing that's in my control is to win ballgames, and God is always taking care of me.''
Even Jocketty sees the significance as Baker returns to the place where he started as a manager. The place he was honored earlier this summer during the Reds' trip to San Francisco, as part of a tribute to the '02 team.
''It is kind of ironic,'' Jocketty said. ''I know he's excited about being here and being part of this. He feels very confident about our club. He thinks this is our year, and I think he's right.''


text:
low level C library IO bindings for GAP
DescriptionGAP is a system for computational discrete algebra with particular emphasis on computational group theory, but which has already proved useful also in other areas. This package allows GAP to access UNIX I/O C-library functions.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Serpentine Galleries
Championing new ideas in contemporary art since it opened in 1970, the Serpentine has presented pioneering exhibitions of 2,263 artists over 45 years, showing a wide range of work from emerging practitioners to the most internationally recognised artists and architects of our time.
The Serpentine Gallery, a Grade II listed former tea pavilion was opened by the Arts Council of England on 1 May 1970. The Gallery was originally conceived as a place to show the work of emerging artists, particularly from the UK and its regions.
The Serpentine Sackler Gallery, designed by Pritzker Architecture Prize laureate Zaha Hadid, opened to the public in September 2013. Situated a five minute walk from the original Serpentine Gallery, the Serpentine Sackler Gallery has brought this 1805 Grade II listed former gunpowder store into public use for the first time in its 208 year history.
Venue Type:
Gallery, Artist studio or collective
Gallery open daily from 10am to 6pm
Admission free
Additional info
The Serpentine Gallery offers a range of Education Programmes for all audiences, including family activities, education previews, workshops for schools and colleges, film screenings, projects, artist residencies, and publications. Information/bookings:
Sally Tallant, Head of Education Programming: 0207 298 1514
Eleanor Farrington, Education Organiser: 0207 298 1516
Underground Knightsbridge, Lancaster Gate, South Kensington
Buses 9, 10, 12, 52, 24
Parking meters in Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park now
operate on Sundays and on Bank Holidays.
The Serpentine is right at the heart of contemporary culture in London and is one of the country's most popular public galleries, attracting hundreds of thousands of visitors a year. The Serpentine organises up to six exhibitions annually and is the only publicly funded gallery in London to consistently maintain free admission.
Collection details
Architecture, Decorative and Applied Art, Film and Media, Fine Art
Teachers' Notes for Jeff Koons Exhibition
A free resource, designed to support your visit to the Serpentine Gallery. Teachers Notes include images, key themes, ideas to explore and suggestions for discussion and practical activities at the Gallery and in the classroom.
Serpentine Galleries
Kensington Gardens
Greater London
Recorded information
- About
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- | Resources
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text:
Rittgers & Rittgers has built an impressive list of accolades from our clients and peers in the legal community. Our reputation is the result of the skill and work ethic we apply to every case, as well as our client-centered approach to the practice of law. If another attorney refers your case to us, it's because that attorney knows we won't take you or your case for granted. We take steps to ensure that every case gets the effort and attention it deserves.
Respected and Trusted by Our Peers
Many of our cases are referred to us by former clients and our fellow attorneys. The trust they place in us is a comment on the quality of our work and the level of service we provide.


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bronchitis statistics uk - What You Should Know About Antibiotics For Bronchitis
What You Should Know About Antibiotics For Bronchitis
is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the part of the respiratory system that leads into the lungs. Basically there are two types of
, acute and chronic
. Acute
is a short term illness that becomes more common during cold weather. It is usually followed by viral infection and can be associated with bacterial infections. Acute
usually clears itself within 2 weeks, but the cough may continue. And in some cases of acute
it can develop into pneumonia.
Bronovil Natural Bronchitis Remedy
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Gastrointestinal effects. The most common adverse events experienced with fluoroquinolone administration are gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain), which occur in 1 to 5% of patients. CNS effects. Headache, dizziness, and drowsiness have been reported with all fluoroquinolones. Insomnia was reported in 3-7% of patients with ofloxacin. Severe CNS effects, including seizures, have been reported in patients receiving trovafloxacin. Seizures may develop within 3 to 4 days of therapy but resolve with drug discontinuation. Although seizures are infrequent, fluoroquinolones should be avoided in patients with a history of convulsion, cerebral trauma, or anoxia. No seizures have been reported with levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and gemifloxacin. With the older non-fluorinated quinolones neurotoxic symptoms such as dizziness occurred in about 50% of the patients. Phototoxicity. Exposure to ultraviolet A rays from direct or indirect sunlight should be avoided during treatment and several days (5 days with sparfloxacin) after the use of the drug. The degree of phototoxic potential of fluoroquinolones is as follows: lomefloxacin > sparfloxacin > ciprofloxacin > norfloxacin = ofloxacin = levofloxacin = gatifloxacin = moxifloxacin. Musculoskeletal effects. Concern about the development of musculoskeletal effects, evident in animal studies, has led to the contraindication of fluoroquinolones for routine use in children and in women who are pregnant or lactating. Tendon damage (tendinitis and tendon rupture). Although fluoroquinolone-related tendinitis generally resolves within one week of discontinuation of therapy, spontaneous ruptures have been reported as long as nine months after cessation of fluoroquinolone use. Potential risk factors for tendinopathy include age >50 years, male gender, and concomitant use of corticosteroids. Hepatoxicity. Trovafloxacin use has been associated with rare liver damage, which prompted the withdrawal of the oral preparations from the U.S. market. However, the IV preparation is still available for treatment of infections so serious that the benefits outweigh the risks. Cardiovascular effects. The newer quinolones have been found to produce additional toxicities to the heart that were not found with the older compounds. Evidence suggests that sparfloxacin and grepafloxacin may have the most cardiotoxic potential. Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia. Recently, rare cases of hypoglycemia have been reported with gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin in patients also receiving oral diabetic medications, primarily sulfonylureas. Although hypoglycemia has been reported with other fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin), the effects have been mild. Hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity reactions occur only occasionally during quinolone therapy and are generally mild to moderate in severity, and usually resolve after treatment is stopped.
The increase and improper used of antibiotics may also lead to antibiotic resistance in which the bacteria may mutate in ways so they will be able to survive in spite of medications; that means the antibiotics may not work on the next time that it is used. And since most antibiotics are expensive, costs may not be worth the benefits. Acute bronchitis usually clears up on its own in two to three weeks just by drinking lots of fluids and getting enough rest.
Proper medication is important in curing an illness, but it is also essential to use a reliable source of these medications, like your trusted physician. Antibiotics are medications that slow or stop the growth of bacteria. Prescriptions of antibiotics depends on what kind of infections causes your illness, like in the case of
there are specific antibiotics for this condition depending on the severity and status of the illness.
The Symptoms: Chills and fever, tightness and stuffiness in the chest, difficulty breathing. Sometimes there is a sever cough and the attack comes on like croup. In most cases it is the larger bronchial tubes that are affected.
Antibiotics for
are prescribed by doctors, but in many cases the condition does not benefit from antibiotics. Antibiotics will not cure a viral illness because acute
is usually caused by viruses most doctors do not prescribe antibiotics. Their effectiveness with
acute bronchitis
is so small compared to the side-effects that these antibiotics may bring. Most common side effects are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sore mouth, skin rashes, headache, sunburn easily and vaginal yeast infection. Experts in in the field of infectious disease have been warning for years that overuse of antibiotics is allowing many bacteria to become resistant to the antibiotics available.
There are two basic categories of bronchitis. Acute
is typically associated with colds and flu like symptoms. While chronic
may last months or even years, the acute variety typically is limited in duration to no more than a week or two.
Fluoroquinolones are approved for use only in people older than 18. They can affect the growth of bones, teeth, and cartilage in a child or fetus. The FDA has assigned fluoroquinolones to pregnancy risk category C, indicating that these drugs have the potential to cause teratogenic or embryocidal effects. Giving fluoroquinolones during pregnancy is not recommended unless the benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus. These agents are also excreted in breast milk and should be avoided during breast-feeding if at all possible.
Doctors often prescribe antibiotics because they feel pressured by people's expectations to receive them. This expectation has been fueled by both misinformation in the media and marketing by drug companies. There are some antibiotics which are known for treating both acute and chronic
but also prescribed for other medical illness. Ampicillin is used for the treatment of infections that result from acute bronchitis. Trimethoprim is an antibiotic used for infections in the respiratory tract. Azithromycin and Amoxicilluin are considered effective treatment for bacterial infections causing
. Telithromycin is a drug used for mild to moderate infections in the respiratory system.
Because of their expanded antimicrobial spectrum, third-generation fluoroquinolones are useful in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute sinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, which are their primary FDA-labeled indications. The third-generation fluoroquinolones include levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin.
Discover more about
antibiotics and especially about
treatment. You will find excellent information to assist you in understanding
at http://
The newer fluoroquinolones have a wider clinical use and a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some of the newer fluoroquinolones have an important role in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections.
Because of concern about hepatotoxicity, trovafloxacin therapy should be reserved for life- or limb-threatening infections requiring inpatient treatment (hospital or long-term care facility), and the drug should be taken for no longer than 14 days.
Some experts advise not to take antibiotics for acute
especially when you do not have other medical problems. It will not only save you from potential side-effects but also from unnecessary expenses.
First, The Cause: Changeable weather, catching cold, exposure, wet feet, chilling when not sufficiently clothed, insufficient ventilation in the house, especially in the bedrooms.
Second-generation agents include ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is the most potent fluoroquinolone against P. aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are the most widely used second-generation quinolones because of their availability in oral and intravenous formulations and their broad set of FDA-labeled indications.
When taking antibiotics you should also be aware of the adverse effects they may bring to your body. Precautionary measures are also important when taking antibiotics for
and these include, consulting your doctor of the severity of bronchitis before beginning antibiotics and taking the antibiotics as prescribed, do not stop or miss doses. Consulting your Obstetrician or gynecologist is also important if you are pregnant.
The fluoroquinolones are a relatively new group of antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones were first introduced in 1986, but they are really modified quinolones, a class of antibiotics, whose accidental discovery occurred in the early 1960.
Medicinal Herbs: Sage: Used for bronchitis and al kinds of lung trouble and throat sicknesses. "Side Effects" It's a good remedy for many health problems. It could almost be called a "cure-all." It's good for colds, influenza, asthma, coughs. It soothes nerves, help liver and kidneys, and helps most all stomach problems.
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4. Cover your mouth. Teach anyone that gets ill to cover their mouths when they cough to limit transmission of the illness. Once again, this is not perfect solution that can help to contain an influenza virus that may result in
2. Get a flu shot. Acute
can begin with an illness caused by a common influenza virus. Getting an annual vaccination can help protect you from influenza (the flu) and
Conditions treated with Fluoroquinolones: indications and uses The newer fluoroquinolones have a wider clinical use and a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some of the newer fluoroquinolones have an important role in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections. The serum elimination half-life of the fluoroquinolones range from 3 -20 hours, allowing for once or twice daily dosing.
5. A low to mid grade fever And a general feeling of "yuckyness." Most acute
is usually caused by a viral infection and can be spread through person-to-person contact either directly or indirectly. This means that if you are a caregiver of someone who has bronchitis, you are at risk of contracting the illness yourself.
All of the fluoroquinolones are effective in treating urinary tract infections caused by susceptible organisms. They are the first-line treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in patients who cannot tolerate sulfonamides or TMP, who live in geographic areas with known resistance > 10% to 20% to TMP-SMX, or who have risk factors for such resistance.
The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with bactericidal activity. The parent of the group is nalidixic acid, discovered in 1962 by Lescher and colleagues. The first fluoroquinolones were widely used because they were the only orally administered agents available for the treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas species.
Fluoroquinolones disadvantages: Tendonitis or tendon rupture Multiple drug interactions Not used in children Newer quinolones produce additional toxicities to the heart that were not found with the older agents
Third Generation. The third-generation fluoroquinolones are separated into a third class because of their expanded activity against gram-positive organisms, particularly penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, and atypical pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Although the third-generation agents retain broad gram-negative coverage, they are less active than ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas species.
Second Generation. The second-generation fluoroquinolones have increased gram-negative activity, as well as some gram-positive and atypical pathogen coverage. Compared with first-generation quinolones, these drugs have broader clinical applications in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis, sexually transmitted diseases, selected pneumonias and skin infections.
Side effects The fluoroquinolones as a class are generally well tolerated. Most adverse effects are mild in severity, self-limited, and rarely result in treatment discontinuation. However, they can have serious adverse effects.
You can significantly reduce the risk of catching many common illnesses, including
through careful handwashing or use of hand sanitizers. This is especially true if you're working as a caregiver or mom.
The symptoms of
acute bronchitis
include: 1. Tightness in the chest area 2. Usually a sore throat 3. Congestion 4. Wheezing and difficulty breathing
It cleanses the blood and can be used healing most everything as it boosts the immune system. Licorice: Used for lung and throat problems. Bronchitis, coughs and congestion, ect. It has been shown to support antiviral activity, support the stress response, as well as inflammatory response
"Side Effects"
It is a mild laxative and great for cough syrups. Don't take if you have blood pressure problems.
To see the herbal formulas that are used for this, or for a database of Natural Medicine, or to request your own report on the treatment of your health issue check out http://NaturalHealthDocs.com by clicking here: Bronchitis remedies It's All Free.
At work, be sure to use care in common areas like break and meeting rooms along with the restroom. It's no secret that many people simply do not wash their hands after using the restroom. This is especially poor hygiene when you consider the number of people with potential illnesses that also use common areas.
The good news is that there are several ways that a healthy person can limit the potential of getting ill. These include: 1. Wash your hands.
The cough is often worse when the patient lies down and there is usually a bad coughing spell the first thing on waking in the morning. At first there may be a little mucus, but after several days it increases and turns to yellow pus, sometimes becoming frothy. Children sometimes have convulsions and become unconscious.
Urinary tract infections (norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin) Lower respiratory tract infections (lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin) Skin and skin-structure infections (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin) Urethral and cervical gonococcal infections (norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin) Prostatitis (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trovafloxacin) Acute sinusitis (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin (Avelox), trovafloxacin) Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (levofloxacin, sparfloxacin (Zagam), gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin) Community-acquired pneumonia (levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin)
Classification of Fluoroquinolones As a group, the fluoroquinolones have excellent in vitro activity against a wide range of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The newest fluoroquinolones have enhanced activity against gram-positive bacteria with only a minimal decrease in activity against gram-negative bacteria. Their expanded gram-positive activity is especially important because it includes significant activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Fourth Generation. The fourth-generation fluoroquinolones add significant antimicrobial activity against anaerobes while maintaining the gram-positive and gram-negative activity of the third-generation drugs. They also retain activity against Pseudomonas species comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. The fourth-generation fluoroquinolones include trovafloxacin (Trovan).
About the Author:
Abigail Franks writes on a variety of subjects which include home, family, business, and health.
5. Avoid smoking and smoke whenever possible. There are many chemicals, fumes and particle dust that can irritate and compromise bronchial passages. None more so however than smoking. If you have someone suffering from acute
, try to keep them away from any smoking environment. They simply don't need the extra stress on an already infected pulmonary system
3. Limit exposure to sick people When someone becomes ill in our house, we work to isolate them to minimize infecting the rest of the family. This includes assigning them their own drinking glass along with keeping them in limited areas of the house. Although not perfect, our sick person ritual has kept the other children from also becoming ill.
Fluoroquinolones advantages: Ease of administration Daily or twice daily dosing Excellent oral absorption Excellent tissue penetration Prolonged half-lives Significant entry into phagocytic cells Efficacy Overall safety
First Generation. The first-generation agents include cinoxacin and nalidixic acid, which are the oldest and least often used quinolones. These drugs had poor systemic distribution and limited activity and were used primarily for gram-negative urinary tract infections. Cinoxacin and nalidixic acid require more frequent dosing than the newer quinolones, and they are more susceptible to the development of bacterial resistance.
Echinacea: Strengthen the immune system and to help the body promote the overall health of the upper respiratory tract. Also relieves sore throat "Side Effects"
would be uncommon if people ate the right food, kept their systems free from mucus and poisonous waste material, and dressed properly. Bronchitis is an infection by a virus or bacteria that affects the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes, causing a large amount of mucous to form, which is called phlegm. It may start as a cold or as influenza and then, because of inadequate treatment, extend down the air passages into the lungs.
Yury Bayarski is the author of OriginalDrugs.com - website, offering patches and natural health products. More information about antibiotic medications is available on author's website.
Learn More about Natural Bronchitis Remedy
Viral And Bacterial Bronchitis - Revealing The Differences
Diseases affect the lives of people in an adverse way. Therefore, it is necessary to develop healthy habits in order to prevent the occurrence of these diseases. Diseases are caused by both virus and bacteria; however, in certain cases, environmental conditions also play a major role in causing certain ailments. For instance, bronchitis, an ailment of the respiratory system, is both viral and...
Diagnosing Bronchitis
There are many different methods when diagnosing bronchitis. The procedures used to diagnose bronchitis are painless and very simple. All you have to do is see a doctor if you think you have any bronchitis and he/ she will do some test to see if indeed you suffer from bronchitis. The doctor will probably listen to your chest if you think you have bronchitis. This is the most simple way to...
Treatment may help asthma sufferers
According to research at Washington University in St. Louis, a two-drug treatment may some day help with restoring healthy breathing in people ill with asthma and chronic bronchitis. Dr Michael Holtzman and other researchers discovered that some lining cells from the lungs air passages are able to change into another cell type, which leads to the overproduction of mucus in the airways....
Some things good to know about bronchitis
Bronchial tubes, which are the air passages that extend from the windpipe and up to the lungs can become inflamed. That is when bronchitis appears. Bronchitis can be also the inflammation of the bronchi which are located in the chest of human body. There were made some studies, and the result was that millions of persons develop respiratory conditions such as broncitus every year, especially...
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text:
Coffee is the rock 'n' roll extrovert of the hot beverage world. Tea, on the other hand, conjures flutes and violins.
In fact, tea's a bit modest, so you could be forgiven for missing the growing interest in the serious tea culture going on in this city.
I know. Tea geeks are rolling their eyes, thinking, hey, not all teas are zen and calming. Nay, on the contrary, some teas, they'd like me to know, could knock my socks off with rich, bold and even loud flavours. And by the way, can coffee language match anything like "agony of leaves?" (It describes the action of tea leaves when boiling water is poured over them.)
The popularity of tea — coming in on little cat feet — is exemplified by Steam Tea, which is almost hidden in a corner of Donald's Market (2342 East Hastings). Fans of the micro-batch blended teas know exactly where to find them. And proprietor Nolan Cockburn isn't just running a small business, he's preaching the glory of quality tea with missionary zeal.
"We're moving more towards knowing where tea comes from," says Cockburn. "A few companies try to trace the leaves back to the batch and the farm it came from. People are growing accustomed to the fact that there's a whole range of teas beyond what you'd get in a grocery store."
One Vancouver tea company, 05 Rare Tea Bar (see sidebar) has almost gone rogue, way beyond any tea shop I know of. The founder is — in a literal sense — a tea hunter. He hunts for small tea farms in Asia and India and buys tea direct from the farmer; that is, teas that would otherwise never see the world market, teas grown on small garden plots with a lively, robust terroir. And another pioneer, Tea Farm, in the Cowichan Valley (see sidebar), is the first to grow tea, commercially, in Canada. Their first harvest will be ready for processing in two years.
But at Steam Tea, Cockburn is simply interested in awakening palates to quality tea. "Here, I focus on educating people and sending people home with the best teas," says Cockburn. He finds the "best" through his broker, The Tea Guy, a small company in North Vancouver and they come up with fresh micro-batches every few weeks.
"What you get is fresh and vibrant and makes a big difference. It's a matter of trial and error and lots of cuppings," he says.
"You taste one flush (harvest) next to another and figure out the characteristics. Tea is a crop with annual and seasonal variations. Some years, there's not enough rain, some years, there's too much. You see how it's been processed. It's just like wine and as a result, someone who owns a tea shop needs a good palate. There are so many steps along the way, different things can happen to tea."
Many customers accustomed to lesser grade tea-bag teas have epiphanies on their first sip of great tea, but sometimes old habits die hard, he says.
"One of the benefits of being inside a grocery store is you're quite accessible. A lot of newcomers to loose tea don't know how to get started and see it as being difficult. Once they get into the habit of it, the results are phenomenal."
At one time, however, tea bags were a breakthrough for the masses. The tea bag was invented in the early 1900s by a New York tea merchant named Thomas Sullivan who started the enduring tea trend by sending samples to customers in white silk bags.
At his East Hastings shop, Cockburn entices palates with blended teas with flavourings such as grapefruit, coconut, truffle, black currant, maple syrup, and ginger peach.
Tea's health benefits certainly capture the attention of today's health-conscious populace. Numerous studies have shown its antioxidant properties contribute to health in significant ways. But that was recognized thousands of years ago by the Eastern world.
Cockburn discovered a passion for tea when it was his balm in an "unpleasant career" as a helicopter pilot taking workers to remote sites in the Alberta oilpatch. "While sitting at the site, I'd sit on an outcrop killing time and tea would be my respite," he says. "Some days it would be minus 20 or 30 degrees."
He says to make green tea, don't use boiling water. It renders it bitter and astringent. "Use a cooler temperature, 75 to 80 degrees (F)," he says. For black tea, use boiling water as long as it's not over-boiled. "Typically, it loses oxygen," he says. And water quality makes a difference, too. He uses spring water from Lynn Canyon. "It's a hidden secret. It makes absolutely phenomenal crisp and clean tea," he says.
The best way to learn about tea is to go to a good tea shop and look and smell and taste, he says.


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OCEAN CITY — Bulkheads could be making way for more ecologically friendly and natural looking shorelines as town officials reported this week that the state is leaning toward funding the latter for the foreseeable future.
A new eco-friendly soft shoreline will be constructed on Robin Drive, replacing a decaying bulkhead funded by a no-interest loan in the amount of $308,700 from the Department of Natural Resources and an $8,000 grant from the Maryland Coastal Bays Program. The total project, according to town records, shows that this soft shoreline will cost a little more than $351,000 with the town's cost being $42,000 of that, and a loan payment to DNR of a little more than $20,000 per year for 15 years.
City Engineer Terry McGean told the Mayor and City Council this week that he had been working with DNR and the Maryland Coastal Bays in recent months to design a more soft shoreline to replace the failing bulkhead that runs along Robin Drive.
"You'll be seeing a lot more of these popping up, as the state seems to really be leaning toward funding only these types of projects versus your traditional bulkhead," said McGean. "This project is a little bit more expensive than a traditional bulkhead but the lifespan is much longer, as this should virtually last forever."
In comparison, replacing the existing bulkhead with a new one would cost the town a little more than $290,000 over the lifespan of the project.
In addition, the council also gave the nod to an optional item in McGean's design, electing to allow for the construction of a crabbing pier that will extend into the water and create a bit of a tourist amenity.
"I think this is a great idea, and putting a crabbing pier there would be great for the kids …," said Councilman Jim Hall. "Let's give it a try."
Soft shorelines, which are also sometimes known as living shorelines, are made up of a created wetland protected by a low stone sill. McGean said that it would provide water quality benefits of filtering and nutrient removal, create new habitats and reduce erosion as well.
"Because the soft shoreline creates a habitat for we might be able to get Critical Mitigation Funding as well," said McGean. "Basically, it will look like a natural shoreline except for the stone wall that will sit largely submerged in the water like a pile of stone that will be sticking up about a foot."
McGean said some bulkhead projects would be allowed in the future, but he said that wherever applicable, the state is "strongly encouraging these types of ecologically friendly shorelines."


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Oxfordshire County Council has been given a £4m windfall which it will use to reverse some cuts.
The county council was given extra funding from central government in December and has now decided what to do with it.
Some of the windfall comes from business rates forecasts being higher than anticipated.
County council leaders say £1m will go towards highway maintenance while another £400,000 will be used as a contingency to deal with flooding and other weather issues.
Meanwhile £100,000 will be reinstated into the budget for respite breaks for carers of adults with special educational needs, and £700,000 will reverse savings made in services for adults with learning disabilities.
A final decision on the county council's budget will be made next week.
The council is proposing £64m of cuts over the next four years to the authority's services.


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With job secure, Cecil more relaxed in camp
DUNEDIN, Fla. -- Blue Jays left-hander Brett Cecil looks a lot more relaxed in his surroundings this year, and it's easy to understand why.
After years of fighting to make the team out of Spring Training, Cecil finally enters camp with a guaranteed job. Last season, Cecil didn't find out he was heading north until one of the final days of camp, but all of that uncertainty is ancient history.
Cecil went from barely cracking the 25-man roster in March to someone who was an American League All-Star by the middle of July. Now he can relax just a little bit and focus on the task at hand instead of constantly looking over his shoulder to see who might take his job.
"Completely different," Cecil said when asked to compare this year's camp to 2013. "I'm fairly certain that I have a spot on the team. Obviously I have to perform, but there's more pressure taken off not being on the bubble for once. My mind's clear, just focusing on getting my quality work in, not necessarily quantity work."
The added luxury of having a secure spot means there's also less pressure on Cecil having to prove himself every day. When Cecil was on the fringe, there was always someone watching, and that meant he felt the need to go full bore all of the time.
In theory, that sounds good, but the reality of the situation is that it can also lead to problems down the road. Cecil figured that out firsthand when he began to run out of gas during the second half of the season and eventually developed soreness in his left shoulder.
That's one reason why Cecil is planning to be a little more diligent this season. There are times when he will need to limit his throwing on the side and also his weighted-ball workout routine. When his arm is feeling a little tired or sore, it's best to back off and give it a day before getting back to work.
"Like I've already told the trainers, coaches, 'I'll let you guys know if I'm not feeling 100 percent,'" said Cecil, who went 5-1 with a 2.82 ERA last year. "I just don't want any red flags to be thrown up, but I am going to be a lot smarter about the time I take throwing, when I feel like I really need the work, if I feel like I need to take a day, I said I'm going to take a day.
"For example, [on Friday], they told me I had 25 pitches, and I said I don't need 25 pitches, I'll do 20. If I can throw 20, I'm sure I can get five more in a game down the road. I don't need that right now. I need 20 or so and that'd be it. So right now, it's just saving as many bullets as I can for August/September and hopefully October."


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Pa. Texting Scandal Highlights Complexities for IT Leaders
The recent furor caused by the discovery of racist text messages involving a Pennsylvania superintendent has cast new light on the growing professional, ethical, and legal challenges faced by many district information technology departments now awash in digital devices.
Abdallah Hawa, the information technology director for the 7,200-student Coatesville Area system, near Philadelphia, was erasing the memory of the district-owned cellphone of Coatesville Area High School's athletic director in August when he uncovered a lengthy text-message exchange between the sports official and the superintendent in which racist slurs were directed at district students and staff members.
Mr. Hawa reported his discovery, prompting the resignations of both Superintendent Richard Como and Athletic Director Jim Donato, the revelation of an already-underway criminal investigation into the district, and allegations from Mr. Hawa's lawyer that the IT chief was pressured to compromise the security of the district's computer network and has been harassed as a whistleblower.
Keith R. Krueger, the CEO of the Consortium for School Networking, or CoSN, described the still-unfolding scandal as a cautionary tale.
The popular practice of issuing mobile devices to district employees, Mr. Krueger said, has resulted in a growing need for professional development on acceptable technology use, continued examples of school officials who behave illegally or inappropriately in the digital arena, and an easily accessible data trail that has placed greater responsibilities on IT staff members, who must balance their other professional obligations with new legal requirements to preserve data and records.
"The best way for districts to handle [the new challenges] is good education and policies ahead of time," Mr. Krueger said. "Those are easier to deal with than a situation that explodes on the front page of the newspaper."
Inappropriate Behavior
Other examples of inappropriate behavior using district-owned digital technology, said Mr. Krueger, have included unauthorized long-distance calls, "sexting" among staff, and predatory behaviors directed from adults to minors. In March, for example, a New York City special education teacher was fired after he was discovered using a district-owned email account to arrange sexual encounters via the website Craigslist.
Daniel A. Domenech, the executive director of AASA, the American Association of School Administrators, said that many district chiefs now carry two smartphones in order to split their professional and personal communications.
"If you don't want public eyes on it, then don't use a publicly owned device," he said.
For the vast majority of conscientious superintendents, Mr. Domenech said, that approach is a common-sense way to keep district business separate from messages with a spouse, for example.
But Mr. Como, the 67-year-old educator who led the Coatesville Area School District from 2005 until his resignation Aug. 29, used a district-owned device for his inflammatory conversation with Mr. Donato.
Portions of the pair's electronic exchange were published by the Daily Local News in West Chester, Pa., last month. Dozens of times, the men used a racial epithet in reference to Coatesville students and staff members who are African-American.
In one exchange, the IT director, Mr. Hawa, who is Lebanese-American, was the object of multiple derogatory slurs used against people of Middle Eastern descent.
Samuel C. Stretton, the lawyer for Mr. Hawa, said his client was "sickened" to read the messages and reported them to the district's deputy superintendent, Teresa Powell. Ms. Powell has since alleged that she has been harassed since helping make the messages public and is also a client of Mr. Stretton's.
"I don't know if there's a clear policy, but [Mr. Hawa] did the right thing, the only thing he could have done under those circumstances," Mr. Stretton said.
Mr. Domenech of the Arlington, Va.-based aasa described as "inconceivable" both the content of Mr. Como and Mr. Donato's exchange and their decision to carry it out on district-owned devices.
"It's just like kids going on social media, posting all kinds of things, and thinking the world isn't going to see it," he said.
Security Questions
Under the federal Children's Internet Protection Act, said Mr. Krueger of CoSN, districts that accept federal E-rate funding are expected to try to prevent such behaviors on the front end.
"Every school district in the country should be providing professional development to faculty about the appropriate use of their devices, network, and email," he said.
As the racist text messages in Coatesville were being made public, the Chester County, Pa., district attorney's office confirmed that it was already in the midst of investigating possible wrongdoing in the district. The text messages that were made public also contain apparent allusions to skimming money out of the school system.
In late September, Mr. Stretton, the lawyer for Mr. Hawa, alleged in two email messages to the Coatesville Area school board that his client had been denied access to the district's computer system, that "a private computer company has taken over the entire technology department," and that Mr. Hawa had been inappropriately ordered to hand over passwords to the district's computing network to the district's new acting superintendent. Together, Mr. Stretton argued, the actions served to effectively strip Mr. Hawa of his authority and to compromise the security of the district's digital records.
"These are the people who are trying to cover things up and make it difficult to prove certain things," Mr. Stretton said in an interview. "God knows what they've done."
In a statement, J. Neil Campbell, the president of the school board, denied the allegations.
"The [Coatesville school] board engaged the services of a well-respected data-security firm to ensure that all records have been maintained. The goal was to ensure that no files had been or would be altered or deleted," Mr. Campbell wrote.
Thomas P. Hogan, the Chester County district attorney, said that a school district facing criminal inquiries should first have its lawyers and IT department map out a strategy for safeguarding evidence and backing up files with minimal disruption to the district's operations, then should communicate its plan to the prosecutor to avoid any perception of interference.
That can put employees like Mr. Hawa in a dicey position, Mr. Hogan acknowledged.
"The IT director really at that point has a double set of duties," he said. "They have to preserve any data that might be related to the investigation from the standpoint of the government. They also have a duty to follow any lawful orders of the [district] regarding that data."
Since the resignations of Mr. Como and Mr. Donato, the Coatesville district has engaged the Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission and the local NAACP "to help our community heal," according to the statement issued by the board president.
Mr. Stretton is still threatening to pursue charges that Mr. Hawa and Ms. Powell were harassed as whistleblowers and to call for the removal of the Coatesville district's acting superintendent and solicitor.
Mr. Krueger of CoSN cautioned that the problems in Coatesville are a reminder of human, not technological, shortcomings, and that the situation actually highlights how digital data can help detect and punish inappropriate or illegal behavior.
"How would you handle hate speech if it was written, or if it was said in a staff meeting?" Mr. Krueger said. "This instance should be handled in the same way, except you're not in 'he said-she said' mode. There's actually a record."
Vol. 33, Issue 08, Pages 1, 12-13Published in Print: October 16, 2013, as Pa. Texting Furor Shows Difficulties Facing IT Leaders
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#RSL Tweets of the Day (@RealSaltLake)
Matt Montgomery @TheCrossbarRSL
From last night: #RSL Women roster announced, includes a Rimando http://www.rslsoapbox.com/rsl-women/2013/5/13/4328688/rsl-women-roster-announced-includes …
#RSL welcomes @SoccerInsider & @JeffreyCarlisle to tonight's @espn700 #OnFrame LIVE 7-9p MT w/ host @OriginalWinger & @espn700james
Richard Deitsch @richarddeitsch
ESPN's new daily soccer highlight show will air on ESPN2 in the late afternoon, likely in the 4-5 PM ET hour.
Are @SoundersFC back to business? They continue their ascension in this week's MLS Power Rankings: http://soc.cr/l1jb0
Had fun playing soccer with the kids #communityservice #nicee #rsl ⚽ http://instagram.com/p/ZTKYg0gUmK/
ESPN700: Nat Borchers on "The Bill and Hans Show" – May 13, 20123
MLS Nations: RSL at Montreal Breakdown
MLSsoccer.com: Kei Kamara (SKC) and Juan Agudelo (NE) on the ExtraTime Radio podcast
MLSsoccer.com: Referee Week: What's in your pocket?
Soccer By Ives: The SBI Show with special guest Tim Howard
NASN: The Best Soccer Show podcast reviews Montrea, Espinoza and Bradley
RSL News & Notes
RealSaltLake.com: By the Numbers: RSL 2- Montreal Impact 3
RealSaltLake.com: The Weekly: RSL to close road trip at Chivas USA on Sunday
The Salt Lake Tribune: Real Salt Lake once again responding to adversity
Soccer Newsday: RSL's Defense Can't Withstand Impact's Attack
For the Fans, By the Fans
RSL Soapbox: Player Ratings Against Montreal
RSL Soapbox: RSL Women roster announced-including a Rimando
From the Upper Deck: Statistical review after Montreal
MLS & Other News and Notes
MLSsoccer.com: MLS Power Rankings Week 11
MLSsoccer.com: Toronto FC hunting more DPs to add "more creativity out of the midfield"
MLSsoccer.com: Castrol Index Weekly Top 20: New England Revolution's Diego Fagundez all grown up
MLSsoccer.com: American Exports: Bursaspor working on permanent transfer for Maurice Edu with Stoke loan set to expire
NBC Sports: ProSoccerTalk: Busy week ahead for MLS disciplinary committee
NBC Sports: ProSoccerTalk: New stadium key to New England's future?
Soccer By Ives: ESPN to launch daily soccer TV show
SI.com: Grant Wahl: Altidore found his form at AZ, but is he headed for another move?


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Brown, Hallie Q.
|SARAH J. S. (TOMPKINS) GARNET -- Born 1831, in Brooklyn, N. Y. -- Died October, 1911 in Brooklyn, N. Y.
Mrs. Garnet (nee Smith) a retired school teacher, well known in New York educational circles, suddenly terminated October, 1911, a career of unusual length and usefulness. Her demise at her residence in Brooklyn followed almost directly a welcome home reception tendered to her by an Equal Suffrage Club of which she was the moving spirit. She had just returned from a trip abroad, having gone to London to be present at the first Universal Race Congress. The journey, the sessions, the visit to the continent, gave unalloyed gratification to this grand old woman whose birthday was celebrated for the eightieth time while she was sojourning in foreign lands.
So thoroughly did she appear in touch with things vital and progressive, her friends in the warmth of greetings barely remembered her recent passage through the "eight-boned" gate. Delighted to have her in their midst again, they naturally inferred the indefinite enjoyment of her association with them. Her multiplied acts of kindness and unselfish devotion, her rare sympathy and exquisite tact were profoundly appreciated. As a champion of equal rights, a club woman, an ardent pleader for fair play for women; as an illustrious example of a developed American woman of African descent--in these various phases she attracted an attention at once respectful and permanent. Her single mindedness, persistence, self-abnegation; her faith, loyalty and reverence for humanity, gained for her an enviable reputation which she maintained with a modest dignity and becoming seriousness.
Her parents were Sylvanus Smith and Annie Springstead;
A line of exceptional women were the progenitors of the subject of this sketch. The records of the town of Southhampton state that in the early sixteen hundreds, Quashawan, a direct descendant of Massasoit, had her royal wigwam upon the hills of Shinney-cock, where in the early morning one can catch a glimpse of the sea through the mist as through a bridal veil. A century later, the traditions of the Indian Reservation refer to a Queen Betty who dwelt on Mastic Creek where the tide-water and the Forge River unite.
With the progress of time came the forcing of resistless changes upon the Indians. They were no longer able to roam and could with difficulty claim and hold meagre portions of the territory once theirs to an unlimited extent. Harsh laws and oppressive acts compelled a vast majority to become tenants where their forefathers had been owners. On the records of Queens County for 1808 is written that Sylvia Hobbs purchased of Cornelius VanWyck, a few acres on Hempstead Plain for an abiding place. This "Granny Sylvy" as she is still affectionately recalled, was great grandmother to Sarah Smith. In Sylvia's home, Sylvanus, Sarah's father, learned to work and to think, and catching the impetus of his grandmother's indomitable courage, became cautious yet intrepid, reserved but unsubdued. No opportunity was laid at hand for an Indian child to get the
Sarah inherited much from her father and vied with him in resourcefulness and persistency. At the age of fourteen she began teaching, the compensation for which was twenty-dollars per annum, a rate of pay considered quite adequate. At the time of her retirement from active professional labor she was receiving twenty-five hundred dollars yearly and women of her grade were waging a fight to secure "equal pay for equal work." The appointment she held calls for today, thirty-five hundred dollars, but the high cost of living and the many legitimate demands connected with the position make even this sum no extravagant remuneration.
The period of her service covering fifty-six years was coincident with the time of the elevation of teaching from a haphazard occupation to a plane of systematic efficiency. Its gradual rise from a trade to a profession made possible the foundation of a science of education, made necessary the evaluation of methods in teaching, resulting in gradation of both work and the workers. All of Sarah Smith's contemporaries in the work of teaching and including herself, had to learn what their work really comprised and how it was to be done, had to become learners while continuing to instruct. Those alert enough to discern the signs of the times and aspiring enough to undertake the onerous task of keeping abreast with new conditions and their demands, found their services not only retained but required. Those who failed to comprehend the evolution in school room activities sooner or later sought more congenial pursuits.
During her five decades of service, Mrs. Garnet, as Sarah finally became, worked diligently from pride, a sense of duty and deepening apprehension of the vital importance
Though she found the position not an easy one to fill, her reasonableness, her serene temper, her combination of affability and dignity, her patience and her tact, insured her success. She secured the regard of patrons, the fidelity of teachers, the obedience of pupils and the deference of supervisors, and she maintained the reputation she so honorably gained with an unconscious grace and dignity peculiarly her own.
Among her pupils are many whose after careers redound to her credit. Among these are Walter F. Craig, violinist, Richard Robinson, music director in public schools, Ferdinand L. Washington, well known in financial circles and Harry A. Williamson, a podiatrist, and an author of monographs on Free-masonry of international renown. Her prolonged life brought her into association with more than one generation of teachers. Some of these pre-eminently
As a young woman she could be met in one or more of the circles founded for social relaxation and intercourse, though in those days no very hard and fast lines were drawn for New Yorkers. Among our people who were comparatively few in number, all lived as close neighbors. Strangers with proper introductions were always extended a welcome that was sincere, if sober.
In the first flush of womanhood Sarah Smith married an Episcopal priest, by the name of Tompkins, who died young leaving two children. Later she contracted a second marriage with Rev. Henry Highland Garnett, who died after a few years while Resident Minister at Liberia. A widow again in her maturity as she had been in her youth and having survived her children, she returned to her father's home, undertaking the role of mother's helper and "big sister," she became for an indefinite period a valuable acquisition to the household.
Marriages, deaths, and separations for various natural causes, at last depleted the family circle. Mrs. Garnet finally set up her own establishment on Hancock Street, Brooklyn, where with always one or more of the younger generation for company, she spent her last days in a refined leisure that gave her ample opportunity of doing much for uplift and betterment. In such a congenial atmosphere she remained active yet calm until almost instantly her "energy was transmuted into repose."


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Give the gift of camp! A quality camp experience is a real-life version of what kids want from video games and toys — fun, adventure, excitement — and so much more!
Character and Developmental Skills
Camp is an experience that will last a lifetime — from memories to friendships to newfound hobbies. Kids certainly learn a lot about themselves while at camp, and according to research, they also gain critical social, emotional, resiliency, and teamwork skills:
- 96% of campers said: "Camp helped me make new friends."
- 93% of campers said: "Camp helped me to get to know kids who are different than me."
- 92% of campers said: "The people at camp helped me feel good about myself."
- 74% of campers said: "At camp, I did things I was afraid to do at first."
Campers also come away with powerful lessons in self-awareness, citizenship, responsible decision making, leadership skills, and developing health and wellness behaviors.
Grit: The Skill for Success
Did you know that studies have shown "grit" — tenacity and stick-to-itiveness — to be the leading predicator of achieving success at the highest levels? Camp is one of the best places on earth to learn "grit"! In experiential learning environments like camp, where kids take action, are challenged, and are supported in their efforts to "try, try again," they learn what it takes to succeed.
This holiday season, give the gift of camp to your child, grandchild, or a deserving child who might not otherwise be able to afford it (through ACA's Send a Child to Camp Fund). When you do, you'll really be giving the gift of fun, character, and success.
Visit ACA's Find a Camp database to search for the perfect camp experience.
This article originally appeared in the November 2012 Camp e-News, ACA's bimonthly e-newsletter for parents and families. Sign up today to recieve timely information about camp in your inbox!
Photo courtesy of Victory Junction, Randleman, North Carolina


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- Comfy Smart Slip-on Shoes Review by Kaiden
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Projector Lens Use
Q. Is there any way to use the projection lenses from slide projectors? I have the regular Kodak and also Navitar 100-200mm lenses. My projectors are in need of repairs, but service and parts are not readily available. It seems a waste to junk at least the Navitar lenses.
Don Riley
via e-mail
A. That's an interesting question, one that has never come up before in 20 years of writing this column. I'm personally unaware of any other uses for slide projector lenses since they don't have focusing capability and no diaphragm so they have to always be used wide-open. I contacted several individuals who had been in slide-based audio-visual production for decades but they did not recall any other practical uses for these lenses. One person said they did use some of their excellent old Navitar lenses in LCD projectors after remounting the glass in a new barrel. But he said the newer offerings of LCD projection lenses are equal in quality to the Navitar so they no longer do it. If any readers have found some after-life uses for old slide projector lenses and let us know we will pass the information onto you.
You mentioned needing some parts for your Kodak slide projectors. The folks at Audio Visual Systems (315 S. Green St., Chicago, IL 60607; (312) 733-3370) told me they have a limited number of repair parts for Kodak slide projectors they kept on hand for their projectors and if you know specifically what you need, they might have the part.
Macro Math
Q. Common macro lens sizes include 50mm, 60-70mm, 105mm, and 150mm. Given an f/2.8 lens in any of these models, the closest focusing distances (specifically for Sigma 50mm, 70mm, 105mm, and 150mm) are: 4", 10", 12", and 15".
At the end of the day, doesn't this make them about the same, given an increased lens size and an increased minimum distance? So, for all practical purposes, wouldn't the longest lens be best because you can be more distant from the subject?
Frank Dutton
Many, LA
A. The classic definition of a macro lens is one that has been specifically designed to record relatively flat subjects in excellent detail. Thus they excel when copying flat subjects such as stamps, coins, documents, etc. Most macro lenses are universal in application because they can be focused for distant subjects at infinity then continuously focused right down to about half life-size without need of attaching any accessory (such as a close-up lens in front or an extension tube at the back). The advantage in having a macro lens with a longer focal length (than a normal lens for whatever camera format you are working with) is you don't have to get as close to the subject to obtain a 1:1 or life-size image of the item. When you are not as close (literally mere inches away with a normal macro lens) it is difficult to direct additional light on the subject for proper illumination.
In addition, when you poke a lens up really close to a skittish subject they can become annoyed or move. You will also have more clearance from parts of a three-dimensional subject such as a flower that might poke the nearby lens. These are the reasons longer focal length macro lenses are preferred over normal focal length macros.
I would like to thank Jack Neubart for his valuable input and comments included in this response. He has worked extensively with many different macro lenses and written about them in his books.
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You are looking at purified awesome: This is Ford's latest Super Duty diesel, a turbocharged, reverse-flow, 6.7-liter V8 designed without the help of an outside contractor. It's nicknamed "Scorpion." Notice anything weird about those cam buckets?
For the past twenty-eight years, Ford has used Navistar International (formerly International Harvester) as its contractor of choice for diesel pickup engines. No more. The Scorpion is the first Ford oil-burner to be designed completely in-house, and it comes out of the gate with a big 'ol torquey bang.*
You can find an in-depth look at the Scorpion's technical craziness here, but in the meantime, take a gander at the valvetrain. In the interest of limiting wear, the 6.7 boasts something called "single plane" bridgeless rocker arms. Basically, instead of using a bridge to open or close each set of valves in tandem, each valve is attached a single rocker. Here's the funky part, though: Due to packaging constraints and a desire to avoid wonky angles, the Scorpion uses just one cam follower (a.k.a. bucket/tappet), not two, for every pair of pushrods/valves.
If you look closely, you can see the cam bucket sitting down in the valley, along with its hollow follower and a couple of pushrods sticking out of it. Cool, eh?
*Because we are immature fools, we must point out the following: That is, in fact, what she said.


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Which states have accessible textbook laws and what do they say about file formats?
Educational entities often struggle with questions as to which file formats are best for distributing online materials. Traditionally, online documents have been delivered primarily using HTML. However, a growing number of documents in education are distributed in other formats, such as Adobe Portable Document File (PDF) and Microsoft Word. Whether these file formats are accessible is not a simple question with a yes or no answer. For guidance in making this determination, see the AccessIT Knowledge Base articles Is PDF accessible? and How accessible are Microsoft Word documents?
Additional guidance comes from the growing number of states that have passed laws or implemented purchasing policies that address textbook accessibility in both postsecondary and K-12 education. These laws have arisen from one of the key challenges faced by many students with disabilities: obtaining academic print materials in an alternate format. Students who are unable to read standard print (for instance, students with blindness, low vision, or learning disabilities) require their materials in an alternate format, such as Braille, large print, or audio. Increasingly, the medium of choice is electronic text, since students with print disabilities can read, navigate, and search the text using off-the-shelf information technology, perhaps in combination with assistive technologies such as synthesized speech.
States vary in their approach to legislating this problem. Some states simply require that publishers provide electronic versions of printed textbooks upon request (for example, see California Assembly Bill 422 and Washington SB 6501), while others give preferential procurement status to publishers providing alternative formats for textbooks (see Kentucky SB 243, only available as a Microsoft Word document).
For a list of accessible textbook laws in all fifty states, see the report U.S. States and Territories Accessible Curriculum Survey from CAST (founded as the Center for Applied Special Technology). Also, the National Center on Accessing the General Curriculum (NCAC) at CAST has produced several research papers regarding the impact of existing policies on access to, participation in, and progress within the general education curriculum. Consult the Policy section of the NCAC Publications website for a complete listing. A particularly relevant resource is their NCAC Policy Group White Paper for Policy, Property & Permissions, which includes detailed profiles of the accessible textbook efforts in California, New York, Massachusetts, Texas, and Kentucky.
Kentucky SB 243 and its accompanying regulations (704 KAR 3:455) marked the first time a state had formally documented a hierarchy of file formats based on their inherent accessibility. Prior to this, laws had documented general requirements of chosen file formats, but provided little or no guidance as to which file formats best met this requirement. One common criterion in the textbook laws for measuring the accessibility of file formats is that file formats must preserve documents' "structural integrity." A standard definition of this concept, applied with slight variation in several state laws, is this (quoted from WA SB 6501):
"Structural integrity" means all instructional material, including but not limited to the text of the material, sidebars, the table of contents, chapter headings and subheadings, footnotes, indexes, glossaries, graphs, charts, illustrations, pictures, equations, formulas, and bibliographies.
Some laws that require "structural integrity" explicitly define a default file format to be used if the publisher and educational entity fail to agree as to which file format best supports the requirement. In California AB 422, the default is ASCII, whereas Washington SB 6501 favors "a verified and valid HTML format." The Kentucky regulations provide much more extensive guidance about the accessibility of file formats by establishing three levels of compliance:
- Level 1 ("full compliance") includes XML, XHTML, or HTML format.
- Level 2 ("provisional compliance") includes RTF or Microsoft Word.
- Level 3 ("marginal compliance") includes "unlocked PDF."
Both Kentucky's K-12 and postsecondary laws are profiled in more detail elsewhere in the AccessIT Knowledge Base:
- The Kentucky Postsecondary Textbook Accessibility Act: A Promising Practice on Textbook Accessibility Legislation
- Kentucky's K-12 Accessible Textbook Law: A Promising Practice on Accessibility Law for K-12
New York later implemented a similar approach to Kentucky's in Chapter 219 of its Education Laws of 2003, though its order of file formats differed from that of Kentucky. New York identified full-text DAISY 3 as the preferred file format, followed by HTML, then by "structured PDF," and then by "Microsoft Word or ASCII." Notice that the order of PDF and Word is the reverse of the order in Kentucky.
DAISY 3 is a standard format for digital talking books. It is an XML language that allows human narration to be marked up so that it's easily navigable, and it optionally allows for synchronization of the narration with the full text of the document so that it's fully searchable. E-text readers can easily navigate through DAISY 3 documents with full appreciation of its organizational structure. More information about DAISY is available from the DAISY Consortium. With the reauthorization of IDEA in 2004, the U.S. government called for a "National Instructional Materials Accessibility Standard" (NIMAS) and subsequently charged CAST with creating the standard, which it has done and which is an extension of DAISY 3. Since this is a federal standard, publishers should be better able to systematically address the needs of students with disabilities nationwide, without the challenges associated with delivering different types of accessible documents to different states because of the variance in state laws.


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Biddle Law Library: Manuscripts Collection [Contact Us]
Levin, A. Leo, 1919-
Extent: 30 linear feet
A. Leo Levin, born in 1919 received his B.A. from Yeshiva University in 1939. He attended the University of Pennsylvania Law School and received his J.D. in 1942. Levin then took his first teaching job at the University of Iowa where he taught for two years before returning to his alma mater Penn Law School. Levin taught at Penn Law until his appointment as Director of the Federal Judicial Center in 1977. Levin participated in numerous legal professional organizations such as the American Bar Association, the Association of American Law Schools and the Order of the Coif. Levin also served on a number of high profile judiciary committees such as the Legislative Reapportionment Committee from 1971-1973, the Commission on Revision of the Federal Court Appellate System from 1973-1975, and the Civil Justice Reform Act Advisory Group. Levin produced or contributed to a number of publications related to the law including Dispatch and Delay: A Field Study of Judicial Administration in Pennsylvania with Edward A. Woolley and Cases and Materials on Civil Procedure with James H. Chadbourn. Levin's interests were not limited solely to the law as evidenced by his active role in the Jewish Community serving on numerous boards of Jewish centric organizations such as the Jewish Exponent, a weekly newspaper published in Philadelphia, the Jewish Federation of Jewish Agencies and the Jewish Publication Society.


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The Wildlife Federation, United States Forest Service, state and federal officials have been too hasty handing out awards and congratulating each other.
After state and federal wildlife officials arrested these so-called poachers in February 2013, the state dismissed all charges on some of them in April 2013. Some hunters were arrested again in June 2013 by U.S. Forest Service officials.
In 2009, Arnold (undercover alias "Chad Ryan") and Davey Webb (alias "Davey Williams"), a wildlife agent from Georgia, visited a gun shop in Bryson City. According to the shop owner, they stated that they wanted to get involved in bear hunting and asked for recommendations of hunting guides in the area. However, according to subsequent reports, they were supposed to be infiltrating known poaching circles. The gun shop owner told them about some hunters whom he knew in Graham County. Arnold and Webb hunted with the men in Graham County and also with men from Swain, Jackson, Haywood and other counties from 2009-2012.
In late 2010 through 2011, under time constraints, Arnold and Webb resorted to various measures to try to entice the hunters to break laws. Apparently, in some cases these officers were law-breakers, not the hunters. In fact, in a recent case in Haywood County, an agent admitted to breaking 39 wildlife laws.
State and federal agents employed Gestapo-like techniques in search and seizure of so-called evidence, including improper service of search-warrants. In one house, screaming 3- and 4-year old children were left unsupervised for a period of time while the parents were in handcuffs outside the home.
"Operation Something Bruin" was not cheap. The State and Federal Wildlife spent more than $2 million of their budget — taxpayer dollars — to execute the investigation.
To date, hunters who have had jury trials have not been convicted because Arnold and Webb could not provide any evidence. Enticements by agents and/or prosecutors were made, including offers to drop charges if one hunter allegedly involved would plead to one charge and lose his license for only one day. The hunter refused and requested a jury trial. In this case, all charges were dropped due to lack of evidence.
Although various new releases by the N.C. Wildlife Commission, as well as various media sources, have already labeled all the hunters as poachers, many of these men have not had their day in court. Whatever happened to due process of law and innocent until proven guilty?
Something IS brewing in WNC; that something would be tempers. The hunters, many who are upstanding citizens in our communities, are tired of being falsely accused, their rights ignored, and their reputations ruined by state and federal agencies, as well as the media.
Chad Arnold and the N.C. Wildlife Commission were honored at the annual Governor's Conservation Achievement Awards banquet, held in October at Embassy Suites RTP in Cary.
The fact that Arnold and the Commission were given such honors makes a mockery of the governor's banquet and its purposes, as stated in a press release: "The ceremony recognizes those who have an unwavering commitment to conservation and an uncommon determination to safeguard the state's natural resources. By publicizing and honoring these conservation leaders — young and old, professional and volunteer — the Wildlife Federation hopes to inspire everyone to take a more active role in protecting natural resources."
Also from the press release: "I must acknowledge the teamwork behind Operation Something Bruin and recognize those who contributed to its success," said Col. Dale Caveny, chief of the Division of Law Enforcement, who accepted on behalf of Arnold and the Wildlife Commission. "The cohesive efforts of the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Park Service on the federal level; and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources and Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency at the state level, made this investigation work. Here at home, I have to thank North Carolina's wildlife commissioners for their personal support and the entire Wildlife Commission, especially the Division of Wildlife Management, for their assistance. And I would be remiss if I didn't thank the sportsmen and public."
The citizens of WNC and north Georgia are now organizing to get some answers from these agencies on why their constitutional rights have been ignored and proper due process of law not given.
Linda Crisp
Graham County


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Fusion. "The process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity". The general dictionary definition of the word applies perfectly to the music genre as well its a mix of disparate elements from several genres that, put together, make perfect sense. In a seamless merge, it combines the complexity of jazz, the groove of funk and the raw power of rock, particularly when it comes to the drums.
In the Fusion Fills MIDI pack, drummer Luke Oswald builds on his earlier release, Fusion Grooves MIDI, and delivers in excess of 700 individually performed fills.
This is the ultimate collection of fills for all owners of the Fusion Grooves MIDI pack as well as any writer in need of solid fills for any backbeat-driven fusion or busy, jazz-inspired rock. Expect a collection of fills, oozing of that genre-typical technicality and subtlety. All the traits youd expect are there; the intricate ghost notes, the busy leading-hand work and all that sophisticated "session drummer" finesse that only a great performer can muster.
If legends like Vinnie Colaiuta, Dave Weckl, Will Kennedy and Steve Gadd or contemporary players like Lil John Roberts and Mark Guiliana get your creative nerve going, this ones for you. Start writing!


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Head men's and women's cross country and track and field coach Eric Blake returned to the top of the mountain on Saturday, literally. Blake captured his third first place finish in the annual Mt. Washington Road Race on Saturday. Blake ran the race in 59 minutes and 57 seconds, breaking his own personal record by 40 seconds. Blake also won the race in 2006 and 2008.
Steve McLaughlin was in Front of Blake the Whole Way (Photo Gallery)
Lori Riley Follows Blake and Writes About it in the Courant
Complete Results
This year marked the ninth time that Blake has competed in the race. He has never finished out of the top-10. The Mt. Washington Auto Road covers 7.6 miles of pavement and packed gravel, the road is completely uphill with the finish line at an elevation of 6,288 feet. In elevation the road ascends 4,727 feet between the starting gate and the finish line. The average grade of the course is 12% with the final 100 yards covering a grueling 22% incline.
Blake had been extremely successful in his nine trips up Mt. Washington. In 2004, he turned in a fourth place finish in his first start at the event. Since then Blake has run the race every year, except 2007. Blake's other victories came in 2006 and 2008. He was the runner-up in 2009 and 2010 and has a third silver medal from the 2005 race. He has three third-place finishes, including 2012, and has finished in the top-three seven times in nine atempts.
A veteran of the United States Mountain Running team, Blake has run some of the most difficult courses around the world.


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At every stage of training in aviation, we are inundated with information. That which is most useful usually stands out pretty clearly, and is often common sense: Stay out of the clouds when flying VFR; maintain your altitude, especially when on an IFR flight; use your checklists. But along the way we learn—or try to—a lot of what appears to be either minutiae or skills and information that just don't appear to have a lot of modern-day application.
It's long been a complaint among pilots learning to fly IFR that we should not have to learn anything about microwave landing systems because they really has no practical application in the modern world. The same could be said about a lot of the weather products we struggle to memorize.
But there are few nuggets here and there that are worth keeping in the back of your mind, especially if you are interested in doing any flying that will require flying over large quantities of open water. Airline flying and top-of-the-line corporate flying fall into these categories:
- Position reports. It's one thing to read about a position report, but it's something else to really put it into use. I currently fly over the Pacific a lot, and position reports are an essential way of life. The format is standard, but it needs practice to be perfected. There are certain rules that need to be met. Remember the one about being off by more than three minutes? If not, go look it up! It's very unlikely that you will need to use this skill in the United States, but in the event of a radar outage, you will need it. This is an easy skill to practice on any flight. You can verbalize the report to yourself without transmitting it.
- Lost communication procedures. When was the last time you really reviewed what to do? How well would you handle this? Considering that modern equipment is becoming more and more "single unit," how well would you do if that all-in-one box in your airplane just went kaput?
- Good guesstimation. How well can you estimate the amount of fuel your airplane will use on a given flight? If the gauges were to fail, could you be within 5 percent of the total burn if you had to make a guess? Could you be within 3 percent? Again, this is an easy skill to practice on any flight just by making notes on a separate sheet of paper. If it's an airplane you fly regularly, you should also keep track of your burn records at various altitudes, engine settings, et cetera. The charts and data in the book are based on new equipment. The added benefit to doing this in your airplane is that if the performance begins to deteriorate, you will have something to point your mechanic in the right direction.
- Old-fashioned navigation. If you want to find out just how good your skills are, go flying with a safety pilot buddy. Revert to needle, ball, and airspeed, and fly a short cross-country using just your wet compass and your watch. This can be very humbling in the modern world.
Flying has become so technologically driven that it is easy to forget the basics and the simplicity that can be used. Take the time to knock some rust off your mental and physical skills, and boost your confidence at the same time. Remember, the best pilots are always training!—Chip Wright


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Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal?
If you think for a moment that you had a hard childhood, read this memoir. Mrs. Winterson, as Jeanette calls her adopted mother throughout this account, was incredibly tough, and often cruel. Routinely, she locked her young child out all night, so that Jeanette sat frozen huddled on the front stoop until her dad came home from his overnight shift. Other punishments included being locked in the coal bin and forbidden food. Repeatedly, Mrs. W. told Jeanette that the devil sent her to the wrong crib when she chose Jeanette for adoption. Even food was a scarce commodity in the Winterson home. When Jeannette attended the grammar school for older kids, her mother never applied for the lunch program even though they were poor and ran out of food and gas (to cook it) each Thursday before payday.
Books were not allowed, and when Jeanette became a teenager and found a job, Heaven was a bookshop filled with thousands of books. She brought a few home every week and hid them in the only place her mother would not check--under the mattress. Alas, one night a copy of D.H. Lawrence's Women in Love slipped over the
edge and her mother discovered Jeanette's whole stash. The next day, Mrs. W. started a massive bonfire. From this event, Jeanette learned that she had to keep anything she valued inside herself.
The Winterson family members were strict evangelicals--no drinking, smoking, dancing, and movies. Church events occurred every night and all day Sunday. In the summer as a teen, Jeanette would cycle twenty miles to attend revivals. These were at least fun for her. She loved the big tents, the free food, and liked discovering new towns and meeting new people.
Also, as a teen, Jeanette discovered that she was gay, anathema to her mother and her church. After she spent time alone with another girl and was found out, Jeanette refused to repent. Her mother then demanded that an exorcism be done because surely an evil demon must have taken over Jeanette for her to act this way. For three days, Jeanette was denied food, beaten, and forced to accept the sexual advances of a church official. In the end, Jeanette's homosexuality drove her from the church.
And books saved her. At sixteen, Mrs. W. kicked her out of their home and Jeanette--ever resourceful-- moved into a friend's car. She worked, attended school, and visited the library often where she was systematically reading literature from A-Z. One day a teacher asked her about her reading and was amazed at the extent of Jeanette's self-education. Immediately, the teacher offered her a room in her own house for the duration of her schooling.
Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal is about growing up poor in a working class part of England, but more importantly, it is about an artist saving herself through the power of books.
Another interesting mother and daughter biography is Linda Sexton's account of growing up with the famous poet. It's called Searching for Mercy Street: My Journey Back to My Mother, Anne Sexton.


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Maximilian Riedel talks about new series, RIEDEL Performance
"It's like comparing a smart phone to the Nokia of the 1990s."
Since the introduction of the Sommeliers series in the 1970s, the RIEDEL brand has become known for its ingenuity in the world of wine glasses. In 2018 the 10th and 11th generations, Georg and Maximilian Riedel, joined forces to bring oenophiles their most technologically advanced series yet: RIEDEL Performance. The collection combines decades of experience in grape varietal specific glassware with an optic design that heightens the drinker's experience.
This is the first series that you and your father have collaborated on. How did that process work?
My father and I have been working together for the last 20 years but always on the business side. He always walked his path of "design follows function", and for me it was more of the creative side. We met somewhere in the middle.
What was the design idea behind the range?
We originally planned for it to be handmade, but we had made such a quantum jump [in machine production] when we developed RIEDEL Veritas vs Vinum that I said to my father, "Why don't we challenge our technicians?"
We pushed them to create the big 10cm base, which no one had seen or been able to do on machines before, and then came the thin stem.
How did the optic design become part of RIEDEL Performance?
The optic has a really sweet story from when we showed the glass prototypes to our family and our team. We always surround ourselves with our team at this stage of the process; it's all teamwork because everyone has something to say and that influences us.
So my Mum looked at it and said, "yes another glass line – so what's so special about it?" And if my Mum would question it, I'm sure all the other Riedel consumers would question it. So we thought, what can we add to the collection to make it unique?
What's the origin of the optic design?
The traditional technique comes from the island of Moran in Venice, where I learned about glassmaking as a 16-year-old and fell in love with optic design. Last year I was working with Krug on a new Champagne Wine Glass for Rose Champagne and this was the first modern glass from RIEDEL in optic. I say "modern days" because if you walk through our museum here in Kufstein, you see many beautiful glasses created by grandfather in optic, from the 1950s to the 1970s.
But with these pieces, and with my decanters where I re-introduced the optic like the Cobra Verde, it was always just fashion. Here with RIEDEL Performance, it's just the opposite.
The optic is much more subtle in the design than in previous pieces. Why is this?
We never want the glass to dominate at the table, so we challenged our technicians to reduce it. You don't see it simply looking at them, only if you turn the glass in your hand. The undulation in the bowl cannot be felt on the outside of the glass, or on your lips when you drink, and this is a great achievement! It's what I call the optic impact.
Our glasses cater to wine consumption and the beauty of the wine, and should never overtake that fact. Its purpose is to emphasise the wine, and it is what makes RIEDEL Performance so unique.
What is the optic impact?
We compared RIEDEL Performance against our industry-standard bowl shapes and learned that the glasses emphasised the fruit, the minerality, the length and the aftertaste differently. We found that this series shows more minerality than fruit, and shows more of the terroir. But the real miracle is the length of the aftertaste and the structure on the palate. This is the optic impact.
In design, do you ever feel restricted by Riedel's Grape Varietal Specific philosophy?
Of course, it is a challenge to further develop and improve what RIEDEL stands for. This is the reason why we do so many workshops, to challenge ourselves and push ourselves harder. My father has been testing new glass shapes for traditional grape varieties for the past 3-4 years. He has been diligently working on designs based on his experience, and as a result, we now have a new design for Riesling in RIEDEL Performance for improved aromatics.
We are also challenged by our competition. But while other companies produce glasses that are beautiful and light, they offer no wine experience. RIEDEL Performance comes with its own technology. It's like comparing a smart phone to the Nokia of the 1990s: both do the purpose of phoning, but we don't have to talk about the advantages of a smart phone.
How did you arrive at the name "Performance"?
Many of the shapes come from my father's experience with his prototypes. He named these glasses P1, P2, P3, up to P7, standing for Prototype: the P Collection. The original thought was just to call it "P" and we would simply number the glasses, but I had my experience with how the glasses perform with the optic impact. So you see that Performance was not born by coincidence, it was building up.
You've moved away from the usual red and black in the packaging. Why did you make the change?
We've come to realise that our average customer is getting younger and this green is a very modern colour. Green stands for sustainability, organic, hybrid. In my point of view, it stands for a generation.
It also stands for sports. Think about British Racing Green, which goes back to the beginning of car sports. When advertising on cars didn't exist, you identified sports cars on the race track by their colour – green was always the UK, white was Austria, red was Ferrari, Italy, blue was France with Bugatti.
And if you look closely at the packaging you'll see the colours of Austria's flag – red/white/red. I am very proud of my heritage, as the 11th generation Austrian, so I put this for the first time onto the box. It's the glue between the black – the traditional Riedel – and the green – the new.
RIEDEL Performance is being sold at the same price at Vinum. How do you achieve this price point for a product that looks and feels handmade?
It's all thanks to our technology and our skilled technicians. Vinum continues to be our bestseller because people not only like the glass but feel comfortable with the price point. We have further developed our machinery and that has allowed us to keep its price in line for years.
We were very keen to produce a new product that was in line with Vinum, and this was the driver for us, rather than it being a moneymaker. It is taller, it is beautiful and balanced, and it has the optic impact. I believe firmly that whoever buys RIEDEL Performance makes a good choice.