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Po-chiang Bob Chao
Coordinating, localizing, planning.
Po-chiang Chao (aka. BobChao) started his Mozillian life as a volunteer since 2002, and then co-found the community web site moztw.org in 2004. Besides his activities on MDN, l10n, SUMO, marketing, and Labs projects, he is mainly focus on contributor empowerment, helping others achieve their goals on Mozilla projects.
Besides Mozilla-related stuffs, Bob is one of the core-organizers of COSCUP (Conference for Open Source Coders, Users, and Promoters), which is the largest FLOSS conference in Taiwan. He is also a board member of Open Culture Foundation.
Speaking interests:
趙柏強,網路上常用 ID 為 BobChao。2002 年開始正式投入貢獻 Mozilla 中文專案及協調,而後於 2004 年與夥伴共同創立正體中文社群網站 moztw.org。在 MDN、正體中文在地化、SUMO、行銷等專案都有涉獵,而主力貢獻領域則是協調社群力量,幫助其他社群成員完成想做的事、並做得更好。
除了 Mozilla 相關事務外,柏強亦參與開放文化基金會,而近幾年也協助籌辦亞洲主要的中文開放原始碼社群研討會 COSCUP(開源人年會)。
Bob is also a ReMo, read his Reps page here.
Skillscss, html, usability research, web analytics
LanguagesEnglish, Traditional chinese
External Accounts
Vouched By
Dino McVouch
An automatic vouch for being a former Mozilla employee.
Channy Yun
Bob has been very active lead on Taiwan community and relationship with other Asian communities.
Janet Swisher
MDN contributor, especially to zh-TW locale.
Dino McVouch
An automatic vouch for attending Summit 2013 Day 1
Dino McVouch
An automatic vouch for attending Summit 2013 Day 2
Dino McVouch
An automatic vouch for attending Summit 2013 Day 3


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Call Us Now: 951.693.3132
Many of us think it'll never happen to us or anyone we know. Well whether it is our fault or theirs, we should always be prepared. Trying to avoid an accident by driving safe is the best way to avoid it, but accidents do happen.
So what do you do after an accident?
Is everyone okay? The first thing you need to do is ensure that everyone is okay physically, even the car driver. Take note, that even if you think you're fine, it might be later that you discover that you are not fine.
It's advisable to call for medical help, unless of course it was only a small fender bender. But if you have been flung to the ground, your adrenaline is preventing you from knowing that you may have cracked a rib or elbow, or worse. Even if you had on proper riding gear, with jackets, full body armor and helmets, you might still have problems and you just don't know it yet.
In many cases, it's wise to call in the cops, but you need to judge the situation. If the police do show up, ask them to fill out an accident report. This will help you with your insurance company.
You can never take too many photos…
When you can, take out a camera or better yet, a smartphone that can take photos, and take several photos from different angels. The reason I say smartphone, is because most of them have a built-in GPS that records the exact spot. Handy if things go South afterwards and you end up in court. Take photos from different angels, distances and make sure you get the license plates. It also helps making photos of bystanders.
Now that you have recorded the accident spot from several angels you can ….
Clear The Road
If at all possible, move your motorcycle away from the road, and if possible, help the other vehicle off the road. Obstructions on the road are dangerous for you and other road users. Others might not be pleased with a traffic jam and seek ways to speed through, endangering you and others.
So clear the road as quickly as you can. The photos you took will help prove where all vehicles where and in what shape, so no worries there.
Exchange Contact and Insurance Info
Make sure you get the other person's contact details, preferable from something like a driving license or ID card. Get the other person's insurance details (hoping that they have insurance).
Write down their names, address, phone numbers, license plates and if you have witnesses, their names, addresses and phone numbers.
In many countries, you can fill out an accident form supplied by the insurance company. The form only gets filled in if both parties agree, if not, you fill out your own form.
Draw A Diagram
Whether you use a specially supplied insurance form, or just on paper, make a diagram of the accident, including names of the street. Note where each vehicle was, and where it was going.
If you do end up in court, it's not going to be the following day, but months from now. Your memory will be hazy, so the more you have written down the better for you.
NEVER, EVER Admit Guilt
Even if it was your faulty, you never, ever, admit to it. If you do, your insurance company may (and probably will) not cover your expenses. You will be out of pocket, and the costs can be very high.
You may think it was your fault, but the insurance company's lawyers may not. If you admit to the fault, there's nothing they can do, so they will disown you.
Contact Your Insurance Company
As quickly as you can, preferably right after the accident, or even when you are still there, contact your insurance agent or company. Each insurance company has its own deadlines by when you need to report an accident, but the faster the better.
If you call them while you are still on the scene, they will still be able to give you instructions what you need to do.
After the Accident
If you have been knocked off your motorcycle, you may want to get on one as soon as possible. Even if your bike is badly broken and needs to be repaired, borrow/rent a bike. If you let it rest for a few days you may develop a fear that will prevent you from riding ever again. When you've fallen from a horse, best is to get back on one immediately. The same applies to motorcycles.
So let's hope you never have to follow these instructions, but you never know.
Get Your Free Consultation Today!

subset: commoncrawl


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It's really nice karma when doing what's best for the planet, for your children's health and saving time & money, all align. It turns out that this is the case with bathing children, particularly infants. I've consulted with several pediatricians and dermatologists they agree, if your child isn't actually dirty, it's not necessary to bathe him or her more than once a week.
Why have I consulted with several doctors on this? To assuage my mommy guilt of course! As a new mom of twin infants, I was just too tired and overwhelmed to bathe them very often. Each time I had to clean off the counters, get out the soap, the towels, the bath tub insert, the lotions, I was just overwhelmed. I didn't want to do it. My babies were preemies, so we had frequent doctor's visits and I still remember on an early visit sheepishly admitting that I hadn't bathed the babies all week. The doctor assured me that this was perfectly fine. New babies don't need all their protective oils washed away all the time. She suggested that wiping their faces (and necks, those folds catch milk drips!) once or twice a day with a washcloth and wiping their hands was all they needed on a daily basis.
As my children got older I'd check in on the whole bathing issue – and remember back to our once a week baths as children – and realize that there was no need to be bathing them too often. I have since learned more about soap, and that many of them have harsh chemicals that I don't want to put on my children's skin that often and I want to minimize how much I put down the sewer system. Once I got to see the inner workings of our local water treatment plant and there was tons of soap scum and soap bubbles getting filtered out of the system. It was gross.
During the summer they get more frequent baths – rinsing off pool chemicals and sand from our local swimming pond, washing the dirt off of their legs and knees. As my daughter is getting older I find that her hair gets greasy faster, so she has to wash it about twice a week to keep it looking clean. I've been recently thinking that teens and pre-teens probably have to bathe more often because of body odor and all the hormones cause greasier hair. However, when you get older, it is helpful to realize that your body is producing fewer chemicals and you can cut back on the showering and hair washing. I only wash my hair about twice week, since I trained it to need less frequent washing. Speaking of which, it's a hair washing night for me, so I'll leave you with this thought:
Bathing your children once a week uses less soap, less water, less energy to move and heat the water, and is better for your children!
Happy Greening!
For more tips on saving water when bathing children, see our post Simple Water Saving Ideas.
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Is there a source in the literature for ribbon diagrams for the knot-table knots known to be ribbon knots?
For example, I'm interested in doing a computation which needs as input a ribbon diagram for the knot $8_{20}$ (Rolfsen knot table notation). This knot is known to be ribbon, but I don't know a ribbon diagram for the knot.
Usually when I encounter a claim of the sort "knot X is ribbon" either the author supplies the ribbon diagram, or nothing. Citations to information of this sort seem kind of sparse. Or am I just unaware of a standard source for this type of information?


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Pearl Earrings
In Stock | Item #: 001-310-00674
Ships Today (if ordered by 4:00 pm EST)
Lady's Yellow 14 Kt Akoya Drop Pearl Earrings Size: 7.5-8MM*Prices are subject to change based on fluctuations in metal prices and currencies
Cultured Pearls are one of the most intriguing, stunning and beloved gems in the world. Imperial cultured pearls are fashioned into jewelry using a wide variety of pearl types. With Akoya pearls, Tahitian pearls, South Sea pearls, freshwater pearls, and Keshi pearls, you can clearly see what makes this collection Imperial.
If you see something you like Whidby Jewelers is happy to place special orders just for you.
General Details:
Ships Today (if ordered by 4:00 pm EST)


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Tugcem, ok, I'll add that customization feature to notify-3.3.4-SNAPSHOT this weekend.
Thanks a lot, we already did it but official built-in version could be nicer.
Could you send me a patch?
Btw. when you say official version do you mean 3 or 4? If 3 then there are no plans to release next 3 version soon (probably at all) so notify won't make it into official RF-3.X.
I just override required renderers, taglibs, html ui components and .js files, name packages same as with library (org.richfaces.*) so classloader loads overriden sources. Due to my overloaded jobs/issues, i haven't mavenized/jared the taglib yet. When i say "official version", i mean this improvement should be packaged - by RF and added as-is to library.
I simply jared only modified resources and added "historyRedisplayText", "historyAllText" and "historyLastText" attributes. so you must integrate them with remaining sources - and also dont forget to define these attributes on notify.tld.
As an opinion, also user should define severity based images and styles for history buttons. I dont know these features already available in RF 4.x, but they could be so cool.
Patch is here


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Oneida girls volleyball edges Chittenango to remain unbeaten
ONEIDA -- Oneida's girls volleyball team has been in rhythm for much of season en route to winning its first 10 matches.
In Wednesday's contest against Chittenango that routine was disrupted, but Cyndi Bobo's squad still found a way to beat Chittenango 22-25, 25-13, 25-19, 17-25, 25-20 without setter Erica Kristan.
"It makes a huge difference," said Bobo of playing without Kristan. "I have a team that's so used to routine, having the same two setters. It was an adjustment and the kids had to realize they could do it."
Outstanding offensive play by Marissa Smith and Katherine Clarke helped Oneida (5-0, 11-0) remain unbeaten. Smith finished the match with 31 assists as the primary setter and Clarke had 16 kills in the victory.
It was Clarke's play at the net that helped the hosts pull away in the final game. She had a pair of kills to go with a Mary Sheridan block and a Kati Relyea ace to put Oneida up 7-1. The teams exchanged a few points before Oneida went on another run, again keyed by two Clarke kills. The hosts stretched the lead to 14-4 before Chittenango (6-2, 8-6) rallied.
Claire Charde led the way for the Bears, making four kills and a block to cut Oneida's lead to 20-17. Clarke took over from there, making two kills on Oneida's final three points to clinch the victory. The senior had seven kills in the decisive game.
"I'm just trying to spike it down and keep my team going," said Clarke. "It feels really good. I kept building off of each kill."
It was a hard-fought match to get to the fifth game. Chittenango took advantage of early Oneida mistakes to jump out to a 12-4 lead in the first game. The hosts rallied behind three aces by Smith and two by Relyea to take a 21-17 lead, but Chittenango regained momentum with two aces by Emily Gibbons to win the first game.
"It was a big adjustment," said Smith on playing without Kristan. "We're used to her (being on the court)."
Oneida began to make its adjustment early in the second game. Taylor Armstrong had two blocks followed by two Relyea aces which enabled the hosts to open up a 17-5 lead. The Bears made a run to cut Oneida's lead to 19-12. It was highlighted by Katrina Farsaci's sliding dig that Oneida couldn't get to. However, that was as close as Chittenango would get and Oneida closed the game out with two more aces by Relyea.
The third game went back-and-forth with neither team scoring more than four straight points. Oneida had the game's best stretch thanks to Clarke. She made two kills and had an ace during a 6-2 run that put Oneida up 12-9. The Bears rallied to tie it at 12-12 before the hosts went on a 7-2 run capped by another Clarke kill to put the game out of reach.
Scoring went back and forth after each team made an early run during the fourth game. The score was tied 13-13 when Chittenango went on a 10-2 run thanks to kills by Maddie SeGuin, Gabby Loftus and Brianna Koegel. SeGuin made another kill moments later to give the visitors the game. SeGuin and Charde finished with eight kills apiece to lead the Bears' offense.
"They just lost momentum at the beginning (of the fifth game)," said Chittenango coach Amy Simmons. "They came back but couldn't get all the way there. It was amazing the way they came back in the fifth game."
Sheridan had 27 digs to lead Oneida's defense.
"This group has an amazing work ethic," said Bobo of her team. "I'm happy for them. I'm very pleased the girls did it together as a team."
Chittenango (6-2, 8-6): Claire Charde 8k, 3b; Brianna Koegel 2k; Meg Arnold 1ac, 1k, 8as; Emily Gibbons 2ac, 1k, 13as; Gabby Loftus 2ac, 7k, 1as, 1b; Maddie SeGuin 8k.
Oneida (5-0, 11-0): Taylor Armstrong 5k, 2d, 3b; Katherine Clark 1ac, 16k, 2d, 3b; Rachel Labrecque 2k, 6d; Summer Lancette 1ac, 3k, 14d, 1b; Emily LaSalle 3k, 10d; Kati Relyea 10ac, 2k, 1as, 17d; Mary Sheridan 3ac, 8k, 27d; Marissa Smith 3ac, 2k, 31as, 15d.


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Welcome to Maple Grove Equipment
Maple Grove Equipment, founded in 1936 and incorporated in 1992,is located on Leonard Street in Adams and is Berkshire County's only Massey Ferguson tractor and farm machine dealer and service center. MGE is the only authorized distributor of Fisher snowplows and sanders as well.
In addition, MGE is a residential and commercial dealer for Toro, Toro Pro Line, DR, Redmax, Efco, York, Woods, as well as many more industry trusted names.
MGE also rents and sells Golf Carts and small custom utility vehicles. We have an Exclusive Marketing Agreement with FAIRPLAY electric carts.
MGE truck divisions features Truck Craft, Duraliner, Truxedo, Hidden Hitch, Reeves, UWS, and Weather Guard etc.
Peter Levesque is currently president of MGE Inc.
Our Mission:
To proudly and professionally serve our market with courtesy and dependability and to make every customer's experience with us pleasant and satisfactory.


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Such a scenario has yet to play out, ever, yet you may find yourself scrambling just the same: With the Academy Awards show moved from March to February of next year, the studios are starting their Oscar campaigns earlier than ever, and many of the possible contenders are opening earlier as well.
The good news is you probably won't see a repeat of last year, when all five best picture nominees were released in December's last two weeks. The end-of-the-year crunch meant that several fine films - such as "Antwone Fisher," "The 25th Hour" and "Confessions of a Dangerous Mind" - got trounced as moviegoers stampeded toward the official contenders.
Yet the compressed Oscar time frame also means that the distributors have a narrower window to get their movies seen by the public, as well as Academy members, so the competition may be more intense, after all.
"If you want to qualify for the Oscars, you have to be released in this calendar year," said Paul Dergarabedian, president of the box-office tracking company Exhibitor Relations. "The trick is when are you going to expand [to more theaters] and get that groundswell going, because you're not going to have a lot of time."
The good stuff
The fall and Oscars are not synonymous - nor are Oscars and artistic merit - but the season is the time when Hollywood at least tries to release good movies. As you may have noticed, the studios spend their summers pushing franchises and sequels to squeeze every last dollar from out-of-school kids.
This summer, with its glut of such lowest-common-denominator product, has been considered a financial and artistic disappointment; only "Finding Nemo," "The Italian Job," "Freaky Friday" and blatant Oscar bait "Seabiscuit" matched critical and popular appeal. In most cases you were better off skipping the studio output in favor of indie films such as "Whale Rider," "American Splendor," "Capturing the Friedmans," "Spellbound," "Buffalo Soldiers" and "The Secret Lives of Dentists."
Now the studios are suddenly interested in adults again, so we'll be getting movies that can't be summed up with a brand name or snappy sentence, such as Sofia Coppola's moody "Lost in Translation" (Sept. 12), which has Bill Murray playing a jaded actor feeling isolated while on a commercial shoot in Tokyo until he befriends a photographer's similarly alienated wife, played by Scarlett Johansson. Nothing snappy about that description.
Dark movies
Other more serious fare on the horizon includes Robert Benton's adaptation of Philip Roth's novel "The Human Stain" (Sept. 26 ), featuring Anthony Hopkins and Nicole Kidman in a messy affair; Clint Eastwood's dark "Mystic River" (Oct. 10), in which three friends reunite after the daughter of one is killed; Joel Schumacher's "Veronica Guerin" (Oct. 17), starring Cate Blanchett as a murdered Irish journalist; and Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu's "21 Grams" (Nov. 14), intertwining Benicio del Toro, Sean Penn and Naomi Watts in a reportedly grim tale of fate and death.
"There's a [boatload] of very dark movies," said Tony Angellotti, who is running the Oscar campaigns for Universal's movies (including "Seabiscuit") and Disney's animated fare (including "Finding Nemo").
Focus Features is opening "21 Grams" in November even though the company conducted a successful Oscar campaign for "The Pianist" by releasing it in New York and Los Angeles at the tail end of last year and then rolling it out to other markets at the beginning of 2003. (It opened here Jan. 3.) Several 2002 films boasted similar release patterns, but the only end-of-the-year 2003 releases scheduled to go wide in early 2004 are Nigel Cole's "Calendar Girls," with Helen Mirren and Julie Walters already generating buzz as middle-aged women who strip for a fundraiser (it spreads nationwide on Jan. 1), and Ron Howard's Old West father-daughter drama "The Missing," starring Tommy Lee Jones and Cate Blanchett (Jan. 9).
No room for smaller films
The smaller films generally are steering clear of the year's end thanks to the earlier Oscar deadlines and competition from the big boys. Oscar nomination ballots are being mailed out Jan. 2 and are due back Jan. 17, two weeks earlier than usual. Nominations will be announced Jan. 27 (they were Feb. 11 this year), and the awards show is scheduled for Feb. 29 (it was March 23 this year).
"That means you have to use December to see the films, whereas in the past people used all of December and all of January because ballots weren't due till the beginning of February," Angellotti said. "The real problem is going to be how's everyone going to see these movies? There's just no way."
The problem applies to regular moviegoers as well Oscar voters. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences moved up the show so it would take place closer to the calendar year in which the honored films were released. "The board's hope at the time they did that was by having it be a shorter period, it would increase people's interest in watching the show," Academy communications director John Pavlik said.
Big movies, big Oscar ratings
Yet the show's ratings are generally related to the nominated movies' popularity, so potential viewers need time to catch up with them. "The tricky part is there's two weeks less time after the nominations for people to see movies that have been nominated," Pavlik said. "I am a little dubious because I don't think most of the people in the rest of the country have seen those pictures anyway, whether it's February or March."
Oscar voters and regular filmgoers are likely to be drawn first to the higher-profile movies being released in the weeks surrounding Christmas and New Year's, the year's mostly highly concentrated moviegoing period. On Christmas day, Disney is offering John Lee Hancock's epic "The Alamo," starring Dennis Quaid and Billy Bob Thornton; Miramax is releasing Anthony Minghella's adaptation of Charles Frazier's Civil War novel "Cold Mountain," starring Nicole Kidman, Jude Law and Renee Zellweger; Paramount is releasing John Woo's adaptation of Philip K. Dick's memory-loss story "Paycheck," starring Ben Affleck; and Universal is releasing P.J. Hogan's live-action "Peter Pan."
Those films will vie with other December heavy hitters including Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King" (Dec. 17); Edward Zwick's "The Last Samurai" (Dec. 5), starring Tom Cruise; Mike Newell's "Mona Lisa's Smile" (Dec. 19), starring Julia Roberts, Kirsten Dunst, Julia Stiles and Maggie Gyllenhaal; and Nancy Meyers' "Something's Gotta Give" (Dec. 12), starring Jack Nicholson and Diane Keaton.
"'Cold Mountain' is opening at the end of the year because that makes sense for the film commercially given the great Christmas play time," said Cynthia Swartz, the Miramax senior executive who spearheads the company's consistently sharp Oscar campaigns.
Miramax has mastered the art of releasing its prime Oscar contender at the end of the year so that it can ride weeks and weeks of Oscar-related publicity while cashing in at the box office. The most recent best picture winner, "Chicago," wound up grossing $170.6 million in North America.
Earlier campaigns
Swartz said working around the new Oscar deadlines shouldn't be a problem; the campaigns will just start earlier. "The big question," she added, "is is it going to hurt films financially because they'll have a month less of play time?"
Twentieth Century Fox is unveiling its top Oscar contender, Peter Weir's nautical adventure "Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World," starring Russell Crowe, on Nov. 14, and Columbia is releasing Tim Burton's "Big Fish," an Oscar-touted drama starring Billy Crudup and Albert Finney, on Nov. 26. Also sure to draw attention are Quentino Tarantino's first film in six years, the revenge action flick "Kill Bill: Volume One," and the Coen brothers' George Clooney-Catherine Zeta-Jones comedy "Intolerable Cruelty," both scheduled to open Oct. 10, plus "The Matrix Revolutions" (Nov. 5.)
The fall schedule is so jammed with movies aimed for a relatively movie-literate crowd that the smaller distributors have had trouble slotting in their own films. Palm Pictures is releasing Olivier Assayas' cyberthriller "Demonlover" on Sept. 19 and Claude Chabrol's "The Flower of Evil" on Oct. 10 (it was bumped here to Nov. 7 thanks to the Chicago International Film Festival) out of fears that the screens might not be available later.
"We're definitely releasing them earlier just because we think it is going to be more crowded, and we want to make sure we can get the screen space," said Ryan Werner, Palm's head of theatrical distribution.
Music Box programmer Brian Andreotti said he felt the Oscar shift's "trickle-down effect" as he booked the art-house theater's upcoming months. "This fall calendar was very difficult to put together," he said. "There weren't a lot of things to work with, and I'm thinking the distributors I work with are kind of holding off on their films because they assume the fall will be too crowded for them."
Still, Werner said he's confident the Oscar shift shouldn't make much difference in the long run.
"There's more room in the spring because screens should open up earlier," he said. "I think ultimately on the back end, it's not really much difference."


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Take a tour of this adorable 600 square foot home in Little Rock, customized from Tumbleweed Whidbey plans.
Video courtesy of P. Allen Smith Garden Home
They might have the smallest house on the block, but one thing's for sure: Lyndsey and Tom's tiny cottage packs a lot of punch! As you float through the entrance, prepare yourself to be enthralled by a plethora of eclectic decor. From the vibrant couch pillows to the cozy lofted workspace, these tiny housers have created a feast for the eyes in this lovable little shelter.
Notice how the white paneling elongates the room, while a clever use of storage gives the couple's home a wide open feel. "Little House in Little Rock" is colorful, quirky, and classy all at the same time. As Lyndsey describes her house in detail, with materials partly coming from salvaged resources, it's obvious that this tiny houser has a special connection with her abode. A bond that only few home owners will ever know. That's truly the spirit of tiny living!
The house glows as sunlight beams through a multitude of windows and skylights. Storage was a priority for the couple, and the house has no shortage of cubbies and shelves. But the space that really steals the show, is the couple's gorgeous open kitchen.
At Tumbleweed we're always amazed at what "build-it-yourselfers" can do with our plans.
Our homes come in two categories:
- Our "House To Go" is on wheels and range from 117 to 172 square feet.
- Our "Cottages" (shown here) are built on foundations and range from 261 to 884 square feet
After seeing Lyndsey and Tom's customizations, we felt inspired! One of our Whidbey layouts now reflects their idea of an open kitchen, which we absolutely adore!
While the average home is triple its size, "Little House in Little Rock " perhaps has the bigger heart. Thanks to Lyndsey and Tom for inviting us into their charming home and for inspiring us with their tremendous creativity.
Catch up with the Arkansas tiny home couple on their blog.
Jenna Spesard is a writer by trade. She is currently building a Tumbleweed Cypress with her partner, Guillaume, who is a professional photographer and Tumbleweed Workshop Host. After the build is complete, they plan to travel around North America in their tiny house blogging and photographing their adventure. More on their tiny house and giant journey here.


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Are you tired of cookie-cutter tract housing? Does your van down by the river look like everybody else's? Well, today's Nice Price or Crack Pipe Commer Caravan will ensure your home stands out, but only if you find its price outstanding.
Apparently, cartoon cars should be paid for with only pretend money, at least that's one take away from yesterday's 1996 Lightning McQueen Avenger's 80% Crack Pipe loss. Anthropomorphizing the car may have been a decision that's open to debate, giving it a creepy mouth and then not fixing the curb rash on it so it appears to be suffering a herpes outbreak is not.
There were so many makes and models represented in both Cars and its inevitable sequel Cars 2 that it's a bit of a let down to have seen such a weak representation from the Rootes Group. No Hillmans, Sunbeams nor Singers, and nary a Talbot in sight. That's a shame because today's 1964 Rootes Commer looks like something that would turn that Cars tow truck into a master-Mater.
It is safe to say that, if you grew up living here in the states, you've never seen one of these before. Should your upbringing have taken place in Jolly Old, well then perhaps you have fond memories of a family holiday in one. Pip, pip! Regardless, the form factor is something we all know and love - an automotive platform draped in a boxy body that stretches the passenger compartment from nose to tail, and places the driver precariously close to whatever it runs into. Typical of the small van form, the Commer came in various guises including commercial and passenger carrying, and a good number of them apparently were converted into camper duty.
This San Diego-located 1964 edition has a three-quarter ton payload capacity and is powered by a 58-bhp 1,592-cc OHV four shared with Hillman's saucy Minx III. Backing that up is a four-speed manual gearbox which sends power back to a leaf-sprung rear axle. The Commer Van Fan site (PDF) - yes, there is a web page for everything - notes that, during its life span, there were nearly two dozen companies in Great Britain converting these diminutive people movers into rolling vacation abodes.
This one has been so be-campered and features both a camp stove and sleeping accommodations for four. Everything looks relatively complete despite its rat rod appearance, and aside from some mechanical housekeeping, it is claimed to be drivable from day one. The seller says that the current owner is a Rootes expert - which should be quite the ice breaker on ladies night - and assures that he will continue to assist in the Commer's upkeep post-sale.
You might need a little more help than that as while it seems to have its act together, certain elements like the gaping hole in the pop top may make it less suitable for those in in inclement climes, or anyone with an irrational fear of crows stealing their eyes. Fixing that might be a priority, as would stemming its downward slide to decrepitude. Other than that, this Commer, as it sits, is about ten times cooler than a Westie, which should more than make up for its 70 mph top end and acceleration that's more lethargic than Downton Abby. Zing!
There will be those of you who will exclaim where would you find parts for this thing? and for those who do, let us be clear, this is not your ride. There will be a comfortable Corolla coming along, so don't worry. For the rest, this is a challenge that is in no way insurmountable, the Commer having been built by the thousands, and sharing most of its mechanicals with cars that are even more common. Plus this one seems to be about as solid an example as you could expect to find.
The seller says this Commer was an original prankster, having been imported to California way back when. It's left-hand drive, and comes with a clean title and a set of blue and gold plates. There's also the assurance of future guidance in either its restoration or just general upkeep, and when you tally all that up, it comes out to. . . well, the seller seems to think, $4,100.
His opinion isn't what matters here though, it's yours that counts, and so it's now time to give it up. What do you think about $4,100 for this comely Commer? Is that a price that would have you camping at his house to buy it? Or, is seeing that price like getting a Rootes canal?
You decide!
eBay or go here if the ad disappears.
Help me out with NPOCP. Click here to send a me a fixed-price tip, and remember to include your commenter handle.


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WASHINGTON — The economic free fall gripping the nation may bring down one of the main environmental objectives: capping the greenhouse gases that are blamed for global warming.
Democratic leaders in the House and the Senate, and both presidential candidates, continue to rank tackling global warming as a chief goal next year. But the focus on stabilizing the economy probably will make it more difficult to pass a law to reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. At the very least, it will push back when the reductions would have to start.
As one Republican senator put it, the green bubble has burst.
"Clearly it is somewhere down the totem pole given the economic realities we are facing," said Tom Williams, a spokesman for Duke Energy Corp., an electricity producer that has supported federal mandates on greenhouse gases. Duke is a member of the U.S. Climate Action Partnership, an association of businesses and nonprofit groups that has lobbied Congress to act.
Just months ago, chances for legislation passing in the next Congress and becoming law looked promising. The presidential candidates support mandatory cuts and a Democratic majority is ready to act on the problem after years of the Bush administration's resisting federal controls.
But the most popular remedy for slowing global warming, a mechanism know as cap-and-trade, could put further stress on a teetering economy.
Under such a system, the government would establish a market for carbon dioxide by giving or selling credits to companies with operations that emit greenhouse gases. The companies can then choose whether to invest in technologies to reduce emissions to meet targets or instead buy credits from other companies who have already met them.
In an interview with The Associated Press, Rep. Rick Boucher, D-Va., said that in light of the economic downturn, a bill that would give polluters permits free of charge would be preferable.
"The first way we can control program costs is by not charging industrial emitters," said Boucher, who released a first draft of a bill this past week with the chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, Rep. John Dingell, D-Mich. Giving away right-to-pollute permits was one of the options.
Engine for growth?
Other Democrats, however, see a cap-and-trade bill — and the government revenues it would generate from selling permits — as an engine for economic growth. Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama supports auctioning off all permits, using the money to help fund alternative energy.
"If you see this as a job creation opportunity for the U.S. to develop the products that are then sold around the world, then you should be optimistic about what the impact of passage would mean for the American economy," said Rep. Edward Markey, D-Mass.
Conservative Republicans who were never fans of a law to curb greenhouse gases have used the economic downturn as a rallying cry.
Oklahoma Sen. James Inhofe, the senior Republican on the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, in a blog entry this month criticized 152 House members for releasing a set of principles to tackle global warming in the midst of the economic turmoil.
"The current economic crisis only reinforces the public's wariness about any climate bill that attempts to increase the costs of energy and jeopardizes jobs," Inhofe said.
Rep. Joe Barton, R-Texas, took the argument a step further when he said the Boucher-Dingell bill could lead the country "off the economic cliff."
But even supporters of federal regulation of greenhouse gases acknowledge that something has to give given the state of the economy.
Sen. John Warner, R-Va., a lead sponsor of a Senate bill to curb greenhouse gases that failed this year, acknowledged that the economy could delay when reductions in carbon dioxide would start.
Warner told the AP that any bill should allow the president to decide.
"We must continue to think and devise a piece of legislation that will enable the president of the United States to control timing ... dependent on the president's analysis for the ability of the economy to assume the financial burdens," he said.
The U.S. is not alone. As the economic crisis has spread to markets across the globe, work to curb greenhouse gases elsewhere has stalled.
'On the back burner'
Earlier this past week, Rajendra Pachauri, head of the U.N. climate panel, said discussions about global warming solutions were "on the back burner." Pachauri shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former Vice President Al Gore for their work on climate change.
"I'm absolutely sure that climate change will be the last thing people will think about at this point in time," he said. "Sooner or later, they will come back to it."
The upside is that in hard economic times, and with high energy prices, the amount of pollution in the air tends to decline.
That will slow global warming somewhat, but there are already enough heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere to cause the temperature to rise.
"I really wish that the science of global warming would look at the newspaper, and say we have an economic crisis so the Earth will stop warming," said Dave Hamilton, director of the Sierra Club's global warming and energy program. "But that is not going to happen."
Copyright 2008 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Welcome to Vacreview.com the definitive vacuum discussion site on the net. Please
visit our forums.
So your in the market for a new vacuum cleaner but which one should you buy? There are so many brands these days, Eureka, Hoover, Dyson, Oreck, Bissell and many more. The correct vacuum cleaner is an important decision for many consumers.
What vacuum cleaner should you buy? What are the top rated vacuum cleaners? Well there isn't just one answer. The vacuum cleaner that is the best rated depends on who you talk to. It also depends on what you want. Do you want the best upright vacuum cleaner or do you prefer canister vacuums? Do you want the best bagless vacuum cleaner or do you prefer models that use a dust bag? Will you be buying a model to clean carpets or are you looking to buy the best vacuum for cleaning hardwood floors. This website will let you discuss different vacuum brands with fellow owners and help you decide which is right for you.


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Cleanse carefully: Use volumizing conditioner and shampoo (even if you have curly hair) and apply conditioner only to ends. "These products are formulated explicitly not to weigh hair down," explains London-based stylist Peter Gray.
Try: Dove Extra Volume Shampoo and Conditioner
Give your roots a boost: "Everyone can benefit from a root lifter," says celebrity stylist Harry Josh. Apply the product before blowing dry, from midshaft to root ‑- unless your hair is fine, in which case you should aim for the base of your roots only.
Try: Aveda Volumizing Tonic
A better blow-dry: For maximum oomph, lift sections of hair toward the sky as you blow-dry, directing hot air toward your scalp. This "cooks" the roots and dries them in an upright and lifted position.
Upside-down is not a do: Flipping your head over to blow-dry gives your hair width (think Bride of Frankenstein), not height (think Gisele), notes Josh.
Learn to back-brush: Instead of teasing your tresses with a comb (a surefire way to get volume, even if your locks are limper than yesterday's linguine), use a flat-backed brush, which will damage your hair less since the bristles are spaced apart more widely, says Gray. His favorite brand? Mason Pearson.
Try a tail: If you have natural volume but can't quite seem to rein it in, New York City-based Aveda stylist Ted Gibson suggests a look he calls "The Puff" (see model at far right). Start with a moisturizing shampoo and conditioner, then apply a cream-based styler. Next, diffuse your wet locks and gather into a high pony. The result? Sexy but subdued body.
Try: Matrix Biolage Hydrating Shampoo and Conditioning Balm, Redken Contour 08 Shaping Lotion
Mist, don't douse: The ultimate volume slayer: heavy hairspray. If you must use a finishing product, Gibson recommends spritzing it into the air and walking through the ensuing cloud. Or, spray it onto your hands and then run them over your tresses.
Try: Suave Professionals Flexible Hold Finishing Spray
Exaggerate your ends: If your hair is curly or wavy, you tend to have body at your roots and straggly ends. For balance, Kerry Warn, who has styled volume vixen Nicole Kidman, often blow-dries hair straight first, then adds body back in using a curling iron or rollers from midshaft down.


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The famous chase sequence in Bullitt was just about perfect, but it lacked a few crucial components. For example, where was the church procession blocking the road? The oil drums bursting on the pavement? And where was the Fiat?
Le Casse gives the viewer all those things and more! Omar Sharif behind the wheel of that all-time great high-speed chase vehicle- the Opel Rekord- and Jean-Paul Balmondo trying to escape him in his screamin' Fiat 124. You may have to suspend your disbelief a touch, as that 124's rear suspension manages to survive a dozen or so death-blow curb impacts, but that's what movies are all about! Thanks to Stefan for the tip.


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The worst date of my life happened in 2011. I met a lovely feminist woman on a dating site and we hit it off immediately. She was funny and charming. She was an aspiring comedian here in Portland and studying to be a teacher; I was a State of Oregon office drone. Conversation was easy; we were texting for a couple of weeks pretty well from waking up to well past bedtime. She didn't even seem to mind too much that I was calling myself a libertarian at the time. So we met up at a hipster-y bar called Tiger Too, and I proceeded to make an ass of myself in a way that was so embarrassing, it's actually a little bit impressive.
Have you ever said something awful to someone? Have you ever said a string of awful things for about an hour and a half while your brain yells THESE THINGS ARE NOT APPROPRIATE IN LIFE MUCH LESS A DATE and been entirely unable to stop yourself? Well I have. I wouldn't recommend it. Since I was a filthy libertarian at the time, and for some reason I thought that it was best to relate to her journey to becoming an educator by arguing for the privatization of all schools and saying that actually educating people to be teachers is way lame-o and we should just get experts in each field to teach kids because that TOTALLY makes sense, it didn't go well.
The actual story of the date, though, is relatively unimportant. I've told the most overarching points because that's mostly what I remember – libertarian bullshit tends to just run together after a while. The big takeaway from that story is that for the first time that I can remember, even from the time when I was voting against marriage equality and arguing that maybe Saddam really did have WMDs and unironically using the term "friendzone," that voice in my head was laying down some REAL TALK.
It wasn't so much that I was privately questioning my own beliefs; I'd already said goodbye to religion and I was, by this point, at least a libertarian, which is a bit of a nutty step away from right-wing MRA, but is at least a fumbling step in the right direction. It was because, for the first time, that voice wasn't just saying "you don't know what you're talking about"; it was saying "you CAN'T know what you're talking about". I hadn't consciously figured it out yet (that was still a year away), but I was starting to finally understand privilege.
A Portrait of the MRA as a Young Man
I was raised in a tiny town in central Oregon, spending all of my primary and secondary schooling in two buildings. According to the 2000 Census, my hometown is 95.8% white. My graduating class of eighty-five had no more than three non-white students. We also had zero openly gay – really, zero non-heteronormative students – in the class, but that lasted about as long as it took them to get the hell out of that town. In other words, it's not the best place for a young straight white cis male to learn about privilege, or patriarchy, or rape culture, or transphobia, or racism, or any of the thousand other oppressions that I was never going to personally experience.
I'm not sure if this is true for most young conservatives, but I wasn't raised in a conservative household. My father's nominally a Republican, and my mother's nominally a Democrat, but they're both generally center-left. They probably voted for Obama. But they came from the same type of whitewashed, privileged background that I did (though my mom was told by the track coach at her high school that she couldn't run or her uterus would fall out – SCIENCE). They weren't educated about oppression, and they certainly weren't shown how to teach their precocious, unusually intellectually curious know-it-all son about oppression.
I actually was to the left of a lot of my classmates in high school. I was too young to vote in 2000, but Al Gore was my guy. I wrote an essay in English class railing against Bill Clinton's impeachment (I believe I titled it "WJC" because I had a flair for the unoriginally dramatic) – very limited center-left moments, but enough to make me stand out.
Even then, though, there were ominous signs of things to come. What I thought at the time was a pretty outstanding evisceration of the Clinton impeachment was, in retrospect, dripping with misogyny. I actually made the argument that other countries were laughing at us because their leaders have many mistresses so NBD BRO LET THE PREZ CRUSH SOME PUSSY.
Then there was Beth*. Beth was the first girl that I projected my insecurity onto so hard that I used the term "friendzone". Beth was and is still my actual friend, so the friendzone should have been a good place to be, but I was too busy blasting my self-loathing at the world to notice. There's not that much to tell, besides the fact that we danced around the idea of a relationship for a while and then it didn't work out because it's fucking high school and besides, this story is about my issues, not hers. However, I would like to take this time to personally apologize to anyone that I subjected to Vertical Horizon between 1999 and 2001.
If you're not familiar with Vertical Horizon, they wrote a series of shitty Nice Guy anthems in the late 1990s. I suppose they'd call themselves rock, but it's really more like the musical equivalent of a person vomiting directly into your ear canal. Here's the Nicest Nice Guy anthem of all, Everything You Want:
In case you missed part of that song because you smashed your computer in a fit of justified feminist rage, here are the lyrics that I belted out in my car on more occasions than someone with a working brain and unkicked-in testicles should (violent image, I know, but I really did a lot to deserve it):
I am everything you want, I am everything you need
I am everything inside of you that you wish you could be
I say all the right things at exactly the right time
But I mean nothing to you and I don't know why
Hint: It's because you're a simpering loser that thinks saying pretty words to a girl means VAGINA PARTY FOR ME.
The Sound and the (Impotent) Fury
In 2001, I headed off to Eugene and the University of Oregon. Eugene is an interesting city. It's got quite a reputation for hippiedom which it absolutely earns, and a reputation for liberalism which is not quite so much earned. It's a city that loves to think that it's good and liberal, but really they love taking on causes that don't force themselves to face their own privilege. There's nothing wrong with protesting the war in Iraq and holding rallies for LGBTQ rights (they're not always perfect on the B, T, or Q parts, but the amount of places that are perfect on any of those are effectively nil); those are important fights that need to be fought. But I'm fairly certain that the term "microaggression" gets very little play there, and "intersectionality" isn't much stronger. Those are the kinds of things that mean acknowledging your own prejudices and privilege and CONSTANT fuck-ups, and Eugene is somewhat lacking in self-awareness.
HOWEVER…for an 18-year-old me, I was privileged, intelligent enough to articulate any bullshit I decided on, and worst of all, incredibly entitled. So this was a major culture shock, and hearing terms like "rape culture" and "patriarchy" really intimidated me, and at the time I didn't know why and wasn't particularly interested in finding out why. In hindsight, it's pretty obvious. I didn't understand them and what I did understand was a direct attack on my entitlement. I heard terms like "rape culture" and I thought to myself, "I would never rape anyone! HOW DARE YOU, MISS!"
This is, of course, stupid. Not just because rape culture is not "all men are rapists," but because I wasn't even correct. As an 18-year-old, I was absolutely capable of raping another person. I'm fairly sure that I've never raped anyone, but I've had drunken hookups with people that probably at least skirted that gray area of "maybe that wasn't a great idea." This is why when someone mocks the idea of "teaching boys and men not to rape," it makes my blood boil. We NEED to teach boys and men what rape is, what REAL consent is, and when to keep their fucking hands off.
So I rebelled in the worst possible way against the things I didn't understand and found a home that would never tell me that my viewpoint as a straight white cis male was wrong or invalid or irrelevant: the right wing. I was raised as a Lutheran (Missouri Synod – the assholes) and while I never followed the teachings closely myself, it sure made me feel better to expect everyone else too, especially those pesky gays. In 2004, I cast a vote for George Bush and a vote for Measure 36. I cast a vote to enshrine in the state Constitution that marriage is between one man and one woman. Of all the shitbird things that I did in my time as a conservative, that's the thing that I'm most ashamed of.
The Incredible Journey
I think Penn & Teller deserve a lot of credit. "Bullshit" put those first cracks in the dam. I devoured that series and it still holds a spot in my heart (as long as I skip certain episodes), but damn if it didn't put the right-wing Lutheran thinking on blast. My natural intellectual curiosity never lent itself well to right-wing thinking, and by this point I was ready to actually do some self-examination. Libertarianism was a natural landing spot for me. It allowed me to drop the hate and blood-lust of the right-wing without actually requiring me to be self-critical. I was a libertarian now, and it gave me a lot of opportunities to pat myself on the back without sacrificing anything. I tried to read Atlas Shrugged – I actually found my copy of the book yesterday and I think I got fifteen pages in (fuck, that book sucks). It wasn't…good, but it was an improvement, I guess?
That's what I was happy to be for years. As recently as the beginning of last year, I was still calling myself a libertarian, even though I'd given up the ghost on that one long before. I noticed that more and more libertarian ideas just didn't ring true, and I really noticed that libertarians are made up of almost entirely white males, and that struck me. I tried to figure out what was nagging at the back of my mind, what was telling me that I may not be in the right place.
Then I went on that terrible date. And the voice was clear. YOU CAN'T KNOW WHAT YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT. Privilege in a nutshell. Once I saw that, it was game over. It's a simple idea, really: If I am to accept libertarian ideology as legitimate, then logic dictates that I believe that women, people of color, etc., make less money than white men for the same jobs because there is something inherently lesser about them. This is, quite obviously, bullshit, and abhorrently so. As I'm not a monstrous human, even my feeble libertarian ego saw that it was bullshit and that was the end of libertarianism for all intents and purposes.
The last piece of the puzzle, for me, at least, was Twitter. As much as I hate/love Facebook, that's really just the online version of the Max. You're hanging out with your high school and college friends on the internet. Twitter, used correctly, connects you with people that you would never meet otherwise. And Anna Kendrick may be great (seriously guys, she is a delight), but I've learned so much about the shit that goes on every single day from people that the general public wouldn't know from Eve (or Adam). Seriously, the number of men that I've directed to #endstreetharassment makes me cringe. It's helping make me a better feminist, a better man, a better human.
Remembrance of Things Past
So what really led me here? I listed a couple of influences, but there are some other factors that definitely contributed to my transition from misogynist, homophobic, right-wing MRA to raging intersectional feminist atheist leftist. First, while my parents never may have taught me about privilege, they taught me a voracious hunger for knowledge. They taught me not to be satisfied with the things that make me comfortable. They also taught me to be respectful of people I disagree with (the aforementioned date notwithstanding) and I've had hundreds of honest, pitched (but always respectful) debates with people that rightly found my views disgusting and I learned something from almost all of them, even if I didn't know it at the time.
The other thing I've had: patient friends. Since I was 21 and living in Eugene I was surrounded by liberal friends that accepted me even when they couldn't accept my views. We've had many a five-hour conversation on porches strewn with empty beer cans and stubbed-out cigarettes and they never belittled me or called me an asshole (even when evidence pointed to the contrary). Many of them may find this article and if you do, I love you all and appreciate it.
I'm not perfect; I'll never be. I fuck up feminism and intersectionality literally every day. I spend half my time being smugly self-satisfied for being such a good straight white cis male, and the other half questioning everything I do, or feeling guilty. Not guilt for being who I am; that's not constructive for anyone. But some days I get burnt out thinking about and fighting about these horrible things that are going on everywhere every day. So I take a few hours and go to Powell's or eat brunch and drink a beer and don't even think about it. That's what I feel guilty for. I can literally, at any time, stop dealing with oppression. Those being oppressed don't get to do that.
But it's not reasonable. I have to just do the best I can every day, accept that I'm going to screw it up, and just try to do more right than wrong each day. I think that, usually, I succeed.
*name changed


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All Downloads
Game Manuals
Official game manuals for Age of Empires III and expansions can be found below (English Only).
Age of Empires III: Complete Collection Manual
Age of Empires III Full Manual
Age of Empires III: The War Chiefs Manual
Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties Manual
Winter Wonderland Custom Map: a festive new custom map for the holidays! This snow covered map is dotted with red nosed deer, decorated trees, and piles of gifts!
Download: Winter Wonderland Map
Installation Instructions
Download the zip file and then simply extract the contents (Christmas.xml and Christmas.xs) to your: My Documents\My Games\Age of Empires 3\RM folder.
Full example path: C:\Documents and Settings\Gsomers\My Documents\My Games\Age of Empires 3\RM
Minimum System Requirements
- Microsoft® Windows® XP
- PC with 1.4 Ghz equivalent or higher processor
- 256 MB of system RAM
- 620 MB available hard disk space
- 64 MB video card with HT&L
- DirectX 9.0c or above
Ambitious webmasters eager to advance to the "next Age" now have a generous stockpile of resources to help them get there. Ensemble Studios today released a new Fan Site Kit for Age of Empires III, the upcoming landmark real-time strategy game from Ensemble and Microsoft Game Studios. The new kit provides webmasters with a treasure trove of screenshots, high-resolution artwork, logos, parts of the user interface and even music from the upcoming game.
Download Age of Empires III Fan Site Kit


text: Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - Teaching in Central and Eastern Europe--Need help! Get TEFL Certified & Start Your Adventure Today! Job Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Teaching in Central and Eastern Europe--Need help! Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Greece View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message laura.yarbrough87Joined: 28 Oct 2010Posts: 8Location: Arequipa Peru Posted: Fri May 06, 2011 7:51 pm Post subject: Teaching in Central and Eastern Europe--Need help! I am really wanting to teach in Central or Eastern Europe. I am currently job searching and want to get a job for Europe that starts in September 2011. However, I know that it is difficult for a non EU citizen to find work there without applying for the job in person, but I am not able to be there in person at the moment. Does anyone have any advice, experience, or contacts? I would appreciate it. Thanks! Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Greece All times are GMT Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Where to Begin----------------General DiscussionNewbie ForumCurrent Events ForumTechnology ForumOnline Teaching Forum Africa Forums----------------General Africa Forum Asia Forums----------------CambodiaChina (Job-related Posts Only)China (Off-Topic)Hong KongIndiaIndonesiaJapanMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeTaiwanThailandGeneral Asia ForumVietnam Caribbean Forums----------------General Caribbean Forum Europe Forums----------------Czech RepublicFranceGermanyGreeceItalyMacedonia and the BalkansPolandRomaniaRussia & C.I.S.SpainTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomGeneral Europe Forum Latin America Forums----------------ArgentinaBrazilChileColombiaCosta RicaMexicoMexico (off-topic)PeruGeneral Latin America Forum The Middle East Forums----------------BahrainEgyptIsraelKuwaitOmanQatarSaudi ArabiaUnited Arab EmiratesGeneral Middle East Forum North America Forums----------------General North America Forum Oceania----------------Australia/New Zealand You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum This page is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Contact Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2018 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved. Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group Teaching Jobs in China


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|美国系统生物学研究所( System Biology )
美国系统生物学研究所( System Biology ) www.systemsbiology.orgThe Institute for Systems Biology was co-founded in 2000 by Alan Aderem, Ruedi Aebersold, and Leroy Hood. In just five years it has grown to more than 220 staff members, including 14 faculty members and their laboratory groups. This pioneering approach to the study of biological systems takes place in the institute's 65,000-square-foot facility in Seattle.
Building a new kind of research institute - one that can tackle the multi-disciplinary challenges of systems biology — requires a strategy that itself integrates many sciences including biology, chemistry, physics, computation, mathematics and medicine. Because the field of systems biology requires the seamless integration of these disciplines, ISB has developed a philosophy, an environment, and an administrative structure that transcends traditional organizational and disciplinary barriers. Scientists collaborate across their specialties to leverage knowledge and expertise with others at the Institute and in academia and industry.


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|Body Region:
|Specific Area:
|Exercise Type:
|Equipment Used:
These exercises should only be performed after evaluation by a qualified medical professional and under their instruction. Should you experience pain or discomfort while doing an exercise, stop immediately.
Lie on your back on an exercise mat. Your knees are bent to 90 degrees and your feet are flat on the mat. Your arms are placed along your sides, flat on the mat. Curl your pelvis forward slightly and raise your pelvis in the air, attempting to create a straight line from your shoulders to your knees. You'll feel a muscular contraction in your stomach muscles and gluteal muscles.
Next, maintaining the position of your pelvis, extend your right leg straight in the air, pointing your right foot. Return your right foot to the mat and extend your left leg straight in the air, pointing your left foot. Relax and return to the starting position.


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Colonize Europe!
Start from nothing and dominate another continent.
Spread the influence of your culture while creating your own empire!
Since the 14th century, Europe has been a global super power when it started colonizing other continents. But what if history had gone a different way? What would Europe be like if Asia had prevailed?
Abu Al-Qazzaz is the main character in Spice Trade. He is a poor young man from Baghdad, who has inherited a house and some land.. oh, and he wants to get married too.
Abu decides to try his luck in the spice game. He has to prevent the
European countries from gaining a trade monopoly. Will Abu be able to beat
out the Europeans in the spice trade? Could Europe have been different?
How? You decide!
Check out our new upcoming project, Afaryan!
Also, the Exhibitions page has been updated with news of past and upcoming exhibitions.
Spice Trade will be on display during 29th of November - 2nd of December, 2005 in Argentina, in the II International Festival of Electronic Art 404/Astas Romas exhibition.
Specification: Java(TM)2, JRE 1.4+ Get Java
- Kalle Hamm, firstname.lastname@example.com
- Juha Holopainen, firstname.lastname@example.com
- Sade Kahra, email@example.com
- Michiko Isogai, firstname.lastname@example.com
- Goran Mrdja, email@example.com
- Dzamil Kamanger, email@example.com
© 2004-2005 spicetrade.org - firstname.lastname@example.com
Visit the artists' homepage


text:
FreeBSD Manual Pages
JMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias(3User Contributed Perl DocumentatiJMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias(3) NAME JMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias - JMX alias names for jmx4perl DESCRIPTION Aliases are shortcuts for certain MBean attributes and operations. Additionally, aliasing provides a thin abstraction layer which allows to map common functionality with different naming schemes across different application servers. E.g you can access the heap memory usage of your application by using the alias "MEMORY_HEAP_USED" regardless how the specific MBean and its attributes are named on the target application server. Specific JMX::Jmx4Perl::Product take care about this mapping. Alias are normally named hierachically, from the most general to the most specific, where the parts are separate by underscore ("_"). I.e. "OS_MEMORY_TOTAL_PHYSICAL" specifies the total physical memory installed on the machine. If you "use" this module, be aware that all aliases are imported in your name space a subroutines (so that you an use them without a "$"). Most of the methods in "JMX::Jmx4Perl" which allows for aliases can take an alias in two forms. Either as a constant import by using this module or as string. The string can be either the name of the alias itself or, as an alternative format, a lower cased variant where underscores are replaced by colons. E.g "MEMORY_HEAP_USED" and "memory:heap:used" are both valid alias names. Each alias is an object of the package JMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias::Object which provides some additional informations about the alias. To print out all available aliases, sorted by name and with a short description, you can use the "help" subroutine, e.g. like in perl -MJMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias -e 'JMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias::help' METHODS $alias = JMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias->by_name("MEMORY_HEAP_USAGE") Get an alias object by a name lookup. The argument provided must be a string containing the name of an alias. If such an alias is not registered, this method returns "undef". JMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias->all Get all aliases defined, sorted by alias name. JMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias::help Print out all registered aliases along with a short description ALIASES The currently aliases are as shown below. Note, that this information might be outdated, to get the current one, use perl -MJMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias -e 'JMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias::help' CL_LOADED attr Number of currently loaded classes CL_TOTAL attr Number of classes loaded in total CL_UNLOADED attr Number of unloaded classes JMX4PERL_DEBUG attr Switch on/off debugging by setting this boolean JMX4PERL_DEBUG_INFO oper Print out latest debug info JMX4PERL_DEBUG_MAX_ENTRIES attr Maximum number of entries for storing debug info JMX4PERL_HISTORY_MAX_ATTRIBUTE oper Set the size of the history for a specific attribute JMX4PERL_HISTORY_MAX_ENTRIES attr Maximum number of entries per attribute/operation possible JMX4PERL_HISTORY_MAX_OPERATION oper Set the size of the history for a specific operation JMX4PERL_HISTORY_RESET oper Reset the history for all attributes and operations JMX4PERL_HISTORY_SIZE attr Size of the history of all attributes and operations in bytes JMX4PERL_SERVER_INFO oper Show information about registered MBeanServers MEMORY_GC oper Run a garbage collection MEMORY_HEAP attr Heap memory usage, multiple values MEMORY_HEAP_COMITTED attr Committed heap memory. That's the memory currently available for this JVM MEMORY_HEAP_INIT attr Initially allocated heap memory MEMORY_HEAP_MAX attr Maximum available heap memory MEMORY_HEAP_USED attr Used heap memory MEMORY_NONHEAP attr Non-Heap memory usage, multiple values MEMORY_NONHEAP_COMITTED attr Committed non-heap memory MEMORY_NONHEAP_INIT attr Initially allocated non-heap memory MEMORY_NONHEAP_MAX attr Maximum available non-heap memory MEMORY_NONHEAP_USED attr Used non-heap memory (like a 'method area') MEMORY_VERBOSE attr Switch on/off verbose messages concerning the garbage collector OS_CPU_TIME attr The cpu time used by this process OS_FILE_DESC_MAX attr Maximum number of open file descriptors OS_FILE_DESC_OPEN attr Number of open file descriptors OS_INFO_ARCH attr Architecture OS_INFO_NAME attr Operating system name OS_INFO_PROCESSORS attr Number of processors OS_INFO_VERSION attr Operating system version OS_MEMORY_PHYSICAL_FREE attr The amount of free physical memory for the OS OS_MEMORY_PHYSICAL_TOTAL attr The amount of total physical memory for the OS OS_MEMORY_SWAP_FREE attr The amount of free swap space for the OS OS_MEMORY_SWAP_TOTAL attr The amount of total swap memory available OS_MEMORY_VIRTUAL attr Size of virtual memory used by this process RUNTIME_ARGUMENTS attr Arguments when starting the JVM RUNTIME_BOOTCLASSPATH attr Bootclasspath RUNTIME_CLASSPATH attr Classpath RUNTIME_LIBRARY_PATH attr The LD_LIBRARY_PATH RUNTIME_NAME attr Name of the runtime RUNTIME_STARTTIME attr Time when starting the JVM RUNTIME_SYSTEM_PROPERTIES attr System properties RUNTIME_UPTIME attr Total uptime of JVM RUNTIME_VM_NAME attr Name of JVM RUNTIME_VM_VENDOR attr JVM Vendor RUNTIME_VM_VERSION attr Version of JVM SERVER_ADDRESS attr IP Address of server, numeric SERVER_HOSTNAME attr Hostname of server SERVER_NAME attr Name of server software SERVER_VERSION attr Version of application server THREAD_COUNT attr Active threads in the system THREAD_COUNT_DAEMON attr Count of threads marked as daemons in the system THREAD_COUNT_PEAK attr Peak thread count THREAD_COUNT_STARTED attr Count of threads started since system start THREAD_DEADLOCKED oper Find cycles of threads that are in deadlock waiting to acquire object monitors THREAD_DUMP oper Create a thread dump LICENSE This file is part of jmx4perl. Jmx4perl is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. jmx4perl is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with jmx4perl. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. A commercial license is available as well. Please contact email@example.com for further details. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Just in case you need professional support for this module (or Nagios or JMX in general), you might want to have a look at http://www.consol.com/opensource/nagios/. Contact email@example.com for further information (or use the contact form at http://www.consol.com/contact/) AUTHOR firstname.lastname@example.com perl v5.32.0 2020-08-24 JMX::Jmx4Perl::Alias(3)
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Sharpening blunt edges: stones
Natural whetstone. Useful for small Laguiole and kitchen knives
Customized engraving
Do not forget that you can add an engraving on the blade and one on the spring.
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Saman Mohammadi
January 15, 2012
In an interview on the Chris Matthews show on MSNBC, former CIA officer Robert Baer said that Israel is behind the string of assassinations of Iranian nuclear scientists. The latest victim of this terror campaign was 32-year-old Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan.
Baer said that Israel's motive is to provoke Iran into a military response, which would force the United States of America to retaliate against Iran on the behalf of Israel. This narrative makes clear that America is the victim, not the fellow conspirator, of Israeli terrorism. But is this narrative true, or is this just a clever CIA psyop to make Israel take the blame for terrorist actions against Iran that were approved by the CIA and the White House in advance? The historical record and the facts show that the latter is the case.
It is naive and anti-historical to believe that the U.S. intelligence community is kept out of the loop of Israel's policy towards Iran. We cannot give the CIA the benefit of the doubt in the murder of an Iranian nuclear scientist. Simply put, the CIA has no credibility.
Is the CIA capable of murdering Iranian scientists, or assisting in such an act? Yes. The CIA has a long track record of state-sponsored terrorism and political assassinations, including on American soil (JFK, 9/11, Oklahoma City Bombing).
Making Israel take the heat for a policy of assassinations against Iranian nuclear scientists that enjoys the approval of Washington is a clever way of twisting reality. But it is not plausible. The CIA does not have clean hands, especially when it comes to Iran.
As Richard Silverstein writes, "while the U.S. has denied participating in the sabotage campaign against Iran's nuclear program, we know of it and approve it. We've compartmentalized our efforts so the U.S. puts the squeeze on economically and Israel does it militarily. But this is a coordinated program and we are willing participants in it. Whether or not we planted bombs in Teheran, we are accessories after the fact and share in the culpability for this egregious conduct."
Both the CIA and Mossad are guilty of state terrorism from New York City to Tehran. Iranian nuclear scientists and American citizens were murdered by the same monsters. That is the truth. And that should not be news to anyone.
The American people, the Iranian people, and the Israeli people will ultimately pay the price for U.S.-Israeli state terrorism.
Even if intelligent and wise people in the CIA want America to separate itself from Israel, they can't do it because the crime of 9/11 irreversibly linked the U.S. empire aka the Great Satan with the Zionist serpent in Tel Aviv. Their political fate and strategic success in the Middle East is interlinked. To suggest otherwise ignores the facts.
But that doesn't mean that America and Israel have no choice but to continue down this destructive and criminal path. There is a better way to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the U.S.-Iranian conflict. But nothing will change for the better in the Middle East until there is regime change in Washington and Tel Aviv.
Saman Mohammadi is the writer and editor at The Excavator Blog
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Act Now! Protect Charitable Giving - (September 13, 2011)
Washington, D.C. - Your advocacy is needed NOW to help defend charitable giving incentives. As Congress considers the President's jobs plan and wrangles over how to generate revenue to meet new debt limit requirements, proposals to curtail the income tax deduction for gifts to 501(c)(3) organizations are in play.
The President has proposed limiting deductibility for charitable gifts to 28% for higher income tax payers, which could reduce charitable giving by as much as $7 billion per year. This proposal was included in the Obama FY12 budget proposal and is also included in the jobs package released yesterday.
Tell Congress that the nonprofit community represents a major segment of the workforce (1 in 10 workers) and is essential to strengthening the vitality of communities nationwide. Reducing charitable giving incentives would weaken the charitable sector at a time when nonprofit jobs and services are needed most.
Contact Congress: The League has set up an e-advocacy campaign with a sample letter to Congress, talking points, and complete background on this pivotal policy issue. Please contact your members of Congress today to let them know how your orchestra serves the public, and how essential charitable giving is to that work. Be sure to personalize your message with details about your orchestra. Policymakers have been surprised to learn that orchestras count on private contributions for roughly 40% of the revenue that enables them to serve communities through music.
The League is a member of the Performing Arts Alliance, a coalition of national performing arts service organizations dedicated to advocating for national policies that recognize, enhance, and foster the contributions the performing arts make to America


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Storm Takes Steep Toll on Destitute Tribe
Thousands of Downed Power Poles Leave South Dakota Sioux Reservation Without Heat, Water; Melting Snow to Use in Toilets
A tiny tribe of Lakota Sioux has been battling wind, rain and subzero temperatures this week as ice storms lash one of the U.S.'s poorest communities and leave thousands without electricity, heat or drinking water.
"There's been winters this bad before, but not with rain so bad it freezes the power lines and snaps the poles," said Joseph Brings Plenty, the 38-year old chairman of the Cheyenne River Sioux tribe, whose reservation lies about 200 miles northeast of Rapid City, S.D. The tribal chairman said 500 power lines were brought down in a blizzard in November, and that between 2,000 and 3,000 more have been lost since Friday from ice storms.
The Cheyenne River tribe is made up of four of the seven bands of Lakota Sioux Indians in the Dakotas, whose reservations also include the Pine Ridge, Standing Rock and Rosebud bands. Power-line damage across all reservations may exceed 5,000 downed poles, which tribal authorities said may take weeks or months for utility companies to repair.
"These events are showing just how painfully inadequate our emergency response capabilities are. Because of one ice storm, we had over 3,000 downed electrical lines and mass power outages," said Tracey Fischer, chief executive and president of First Nations Oweesta Corporation, a national nonprofit working on economic development in Indian country.
"There has been looting of homes and businesses by people desperate for food and water. Schools have been out of session for a week and will likely be unable to open their doors for at least another week," said Ms. Fischer, a member of the Cheyenne River tribe.
With just 10,000 residents spread across 2.8 million acres, many Cheyenne River families depend on electricity transmitted across hundreds of empty miles to run pumps for drinking water, or to power the ignition modules on natural-gas and propane heaters.
The Cheyenne River tribe set up emergency shelters across the reservation in tiny towns with names like Eagle Butte, Cherry Creek, Swiftbird and Whitehorse.
Last year the tribe earned $175,000 leasing land to nontribal ranchers and deposited the money in an emergency fund. That fund is now exhausted, the tribal chairman said. A special Wells Fargo account established to help raise funds to evacuate tribal members with medical needs brought in just $450 in donations on its first day, said Eileen Briggs, a Cheyenne River Tribal executive.
Like most U.S. tribes, the Cheyenne River Sioux function as a sovereign nation on their reservation of 10,000 residents. An additional 8,000 Cheyenne River Sioux live off the reservation, mostly in Rapid City. The tribe manages its internal affairs and runs its own police force and court, but receives grants and subsidies from the federal U.S. government, as virtually all American Indian tribes do
Just 11 tribal police patrol an area the size of Connecticut. They have been warning residents who remained in their homes to ventilate frequently lest carbon-monoxide fumes build up from gas stoves, a potentially fatal hazard.
"We've had 20-degree-below days; some people are burning wood in their homes," said Mr. Brings Plenty.
The tribe also evacuated more than 40 elderly members to motels in Rapid City and Aberdeen, mainly so they could have access to thrice-weekly kidney dialysis treatments that had been provided on the reservation. Nearly 20 kidney patients were evacuated to the Oglala Sioux band's Pine Ridge reservation, where another dialysis station was still functioning. Those evacuees were staying at their sister tribe's Prairie Wind Casino.
"Normally family members take care of these patients, but with no gas or electricity, and blizzard conditions, we needed a caravan to get them out," said Ms. Briggs. The first van caravan traveled on icy roads, finally reaching Rapid City last Thursday. More patients came on Sunday.
Kidney patient Lennie Granados, 59, left his home after its water supply ran out, and is now at the Super 8 motel in Rapid City. "I get reports from my family," he said. "They're out there melting snow and keeping a look out for any water they can use, you know, to flush toilets and stuff."
The Cheyenne River tribe has for years asked Congress for funds to restore its ancient water system, which Mr. Brings Plenty said was decades overdue for an upgrade. The total cost would be about $65 million, which may be hard to raise in Washington in the current budget-cutting atmosphere. Some tribal members lamented the chaos, and how hard the current generation of Sioux was finding life on their native ground."A long time ago there were tough Lakota people who knew how to survive. Their teepees were pretty warm, too," said Mr. Brings Plenty. "Times have changed, and the people have changed, too."
Write to Joel Millman at firstname.lastname@example.com
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United States
United Kingdom
World English Go to Usborne.com
Usborne Quicklinks
Quicklinks for internet-linked books
Buy this book at Usborne Books and More or in local bookstores.
Click on the links to visit the recommended websites.
Websites to visit
Website 1
Investigate Earth from space, with satellite images, news, facts and fun activities.
Website 2
Cool facts about the Earth, Sun, Solar System and other space objects.
Website 3
Explore the structure of the Earth with clickable diagrams and picture puzzles.
Website 4
Fun facts and activities about Planet Earth - its structure, living things and oceans. (Click on one of the Earth topics, eg "Earth", "Water", "Biodiversity" or "Marine Biology".)
Website 5
Try a quiz game and choose the correct habitats for different animals. (Click on "Launch Activity" and choose a habitat to begin.)
Website 6
Find facts and activities about Antarctica, both now and in the past (Scroll down and click on "Sizing up Antarctica" and "Going back in time".)
Website 7
Watch a video clip about rainforests and find out why they're important.
Website 8
Simple ways to help planet Earth. (Click on "View".)
Website 9
Answers to questions about the Earth and the environment at NASA's Climate Kids website.
Children, make sure you follow these three simple rules when using the internet:
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Adults - we recommend that children are supervised while on the internet. The content of a website may change at any time and Usborne Publishing is not responsible for content on sites other than its own.
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Websites with interactive content may not work on your tablet or smartphone, but you can view them on a computer. Find out more…
See inside
See inside Planet Earth
"likely to make a significant contribution to geographical education."
Judges' comment - Geographical Awards 2009
Katie Daynes has written oodles of books for Usborne, from lifting the flaps on germs and poo, through things to spot in the sea and at school, to the life stories of Nelson Mandela and Marie Antoinette. She wrote My First Chess Book after being taught by her son, Joe Birks, who became the British Under 9 Chess Champion in 2017. She now lives in Yorkshire with her architect husband, two inquisitive children and a hamster called Toffee. When she's not writing books, Katie likes walking on the blustery moors, meeting friends for coffee and playing competitive board games.
Loads of easily accessible information is packed into this attractive interactive information book. Busy spreads draw readers in to explore different aspects of the Earth from where it is in the solar system to the geography you can find on it. And it's easy to discover more by opening flaps.
Julia Eccleshare, www.LoveReadingforKids.co.uk
Lift the flaps on each brightly coloured page of this book to uncover lots of amazing information about how the Earth works.
The Week Junior
With over 80 flip-up panels, and packed with cheerful, cartoonish illustrations, this is an enjoyable, geographical starting point for age six upward. How can any youngster lift a flap in this book and not want to save the world! Winner of a silver award from the Geographical Association, when it was published in 2009, it's jokey and enticing, and 20p from every copy sold goes to Friends of the Earth.
The Guardian
This book would be an immediate hit in your class library, as it follows the popular interactive 'flap' format, loved by all children.
Primary Geographer
With over 80 flaps, this lively guide to our planet is packed full of interesting snippets of information, ideal for dipping into.
junior Education - Ten of the best geography resources
This book will tell your children all the things they need to know about the climate and nature and the world around them and give them an idea of how different other countries are.
Croydon Advertiser Book of the Week
A great way to inspire early interest in science and geography. This entertaining book is bound to captivate children as it explains the mysteries of Earth's geography and reveals hidden secrets of life on our planet with bright illustrations, fun facts and pull up flaps. A thought provoking book for kids.
youfirst magazine Issue 18 Summer 2008
"perfect for readers aged 6+"
Write Away Website
The wealth of detail in the colourful, cheerful, cartoon-style illustrations makes repeated readings rewarding. There is a strong environmental theme throughout the book, and the final double-page spread is devoted to the small changes everyone can make to combat climate change.
BookFest Ireland's Recommended Reading Guide 2008
See Inside Planet Earth
My five year old is very interested in facts and loves this book. Since having it we have gone on to buy several more of the series, all of which he finds really interesting and asks for over and over again. His other particular favourite is 'See under the Sea'.
Ann Davidson, 15th February 2010
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Background of Special Education and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
The 2004 IDEA Reauthorization Bill
Access to a free, quality education is the key to the uniquely American promise of equal opportunity for all.
This promise was formally extended to children with disabilities with the passage in 1975 of landmark federal legislation now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Public schools across the country today serve more than 6 million youngsters with a wide array of disabling conditions.
The promise made in 1975 remains unfulfilled.
Ever since its initial enactment, the federal law has included a commitment to pay 40 percent of the average per student cost for every special education student. The current average per student cost is $7,552 and the average cost per special education student is an additional $9,369 per student, or $16,921. Yet, in 2004, the federal government is providing local school districts with just under 20 percent of its commitment rather than the 40 percent specified by the law, creating a $10.6 billion shortfall for states and local school districts.
This shortfall creates a burden on local communities and denies full opportunity to all students -- with and without disabilities.
Funding Tops List of Priorities for ImprovementsCongress reauthorized IDEA on November 19, 2004. NEA gave qualified support to the reauthorization bill, which includes positive provisions on professional development, paperwork reduction, early intervention and discipline.
Challenges remain, however. NEA continues to push for full funding and to improve the definition of "highly qualified" as it relates to special education teachers.
In fact, fully funding the federal commitment to special education -- which amounts to just part of the actual cost -- tops the list of key IDEA issues that NEA focused on throughout the reauthorization process. NEA and the major national organizations representing teachers, parents, school administrators and school boards support a proposal that would phase in full funding over the next six years.
While the reauthorized IDEA provides a timetable and a formula for achieving full funding, there is no guarantee that the funds will be appropriated. The funding issue remains on the table and is surely something the next Congress will need to address.
Educators and parents had to re-think how to best teach students with disabilities after the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA '97) was reauthorized by Congress in 1997. IDEA '97 focused on a number of then new issues, including:
- Access –- Assuring that students with disabilities have access to the general education curriculum and appropriate general education classes
- Discipline -– Assuring that there are alternative placement options for dangerous students so they can continue their education without hampering the education of other students
- Assessment -– Assuring the accurate and appropriate assessment of the academic achievement of students with disabilities.
Assessment, Other Challenges Face Special Education"Special education" issues affect general programs in a number of ways. Over the past 10 years, the number of U.S. students enrolled in special education programs has risen 30 percent. Three out of every four students with disabilities spend part or all of their school day in a general education classroom. In turn, nearly every general education classroom across the country includes students with disabilities. Each school and school district must determine the best way to conduct programs and figure out how to pay for them.
In addition, wanting to measure whether or not students with disabilities are achieving at higher levels and how well they are progressing in the general education curriculum, lawmakers added a requirement in IDEA '97 that includes students with disabilities in state- and district-wide assessments. The accountability provisions of the recently reauthorized federal Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) raise even more questions about how to appropriately assess and support achievement for students with disabilities.
But as the nation's parents, citizens, educators and elected officials tackle the problems facing special education, NEA urges everyone to acknowledge our successes. Local public schools are now educating millions of disabled children, and a growing number of them are graduating from high school. Only three decades ago, these same children would have been isolated in separate institutions or simply kept at home, with little or no chance of ever becoming independent, productive, taxpaying citizens.


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Argument from ignorance
| Part of the series on
Logic and rhetoric
|Key articles
|General logic
|Bad logic
""The very lack of evidence is thus treated as evidence; the absence of smoke proves that the fire is very carefully hidden.
|—C.S. Lewis (in a glimpse of clarity)[1]
The argument from ignorance (or argumentum ad ignorantiam and negative proof) is a logical fallacy that claims the truth of a premise is based on the fact that it has not (yet) been proven false, or that a premise is false because it has not (yet) been proven true. This is often phrased as "absence of evidence is not evidence of absence".
If the only evidence for something's existence is a lack of evidence for it not existing, then the default position is one of mild skepticism and not credulity. This type of negative proof is common in proofs of God's existence or in pseudosciences where it is used as an attempt to shift the burden of proof onto the skeptic rather than the proponent of the idea. The burden of proof is on the individual proposing existence, not the one questioning existence.
- X is true because there is no proof that X is false.
- You do not know what X is. Therefore we do.
Another form that this fallacy can take is the form that of an argument from incredulity (also known as argument from personal belief or argument from personal conviction) which is that one's personal incredulity or credulity towards a premise is a logical reason for acceptance or rejection. This incredulity can stem from ignorance (defined as a lack of knowledge and experience) or from willful ignorance (defined as a flat out refusal to gain the knowledge). The concept of irreducible complexity is based entirely around this idea of personal incredulity. One person (Michael Behe) cannot see how something evolved naturally, therefore it can't possibly evolve naturally.
Almost all the claims from the anti-science movement revolve around some form of personal incredulity or argument from ignorance.
Proponents of the anti-science movement will usually pick some aspect of a currently accepted scientific theory and argue that it must be wrong because they do not believe it explains some aspect of the natural world. Common examples of this are such claims as "you can't prove global warming is caused by humans," "I don't see how evolution could increase the complexity of an organism," "material properties of the brain cannot presently explicitly explain consciousness so it must be caused by non-materialist processes," or "I don't know how this alternative medicine works, but it does."
""Ignorance is ignorance; no right to believe anything can be derived from it. In other matters no sensible person will behave so irresponsibly or rest content with such feeble grounds for his opinions and for the line he takes.
A common retort to a negative proof is to reference the existence of the Invisible Pink Unicorn or the Flying Spaghetti Monster as just as valid as the proposed entity of the debate. This is similar to reductio ad absurdum, that taking negative proof as legitimate means that one can prove practically anything, regardless of how absurd.
A religious apologist using the argument from ignorance would state something like, "the existence of God is true because there is no proof that the existence of God is false". But a counter-apologist can use that same "argument" to state, "the nonexistence of God is true because there is no proof that the nonexistence of God is false". This immediately demonstrates how absurd the argument from ignorance is by turning the tables on those who use this
"argument" fallacy, like some religious apologists.
When proof is presented[edit]
One important element to remember in regards to negative proof is that once positive evidence has been presented the burden shifts to the skeptic to refute the evidence presented. One cannot keep arguing from the position of "negative proof" after the presentation of valid evidence. This point, however, is completely lost on most creationists (such as intelligent design advocates) who shout from the rooftops that there are no transitional fossils long after they've been repeatedly shown them. Confirmation bias, anyone?
Negative evidence[edit]
A common saying in pseudologic is "You can't prove a negative." This is, as the hatnote up top says, simply not true. This is clearly not true because any statement can be rewritten into the negation of its negation. Any provable statement can be written as a negative. For example, "X is true" can be rewritten as "X is not false", a negative statement! If "X is true" can be proven true, then you have also proven a negative statement "X is not false".
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
- (a SFW comic on an NSFW website)
- , part VI.


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Staff Picks: Burger Places with Great Beer
Sometimes all you want is a great burger and the beverage that goes alongside it isn't too important. But other times, access to a wide variety of awesome beer is equally crucial to eating a delicious burger.
For those times, we've compiled a list of a few favorite spots across the nation to simultaneously satisfy a craving for an exceptional pint and a delicious beef patty.Click through the slideshow to see all of our picks »
- The Golden State, Los Angeles »
- Monk's Kettle, San Francisco »
- The Bad Apple, Chicago »
- Harry's Bar and Burger, Providence, RI »
- Rosamunde Sausage Grill, San Francisco »
- Vortex Bar & Grill, Atlanta »
- Local Republic, Atlanta »
- Benno's, Milwaukee »
- Karl Strauss, San Diego »
- Thunder Burger, Washington DC »
- Roberta's, Brooklyn »
- Staff Picks: Favorite Fancy-Pants Burgers
- Staff Picks: Favorite Burgers for $5 and Under
- Staff Picks: Our Last Burgers on Earth
- Staff Picks: Favorite Burgers of 2012
- Staff Picks: Our Favorite Fast Food Burgers
Love hamburgers? Then you'll Like AHT on Facebook! And go follow us on Twitter and Pinterest while you're at it!
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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I just want to share this video with you about E-books!
I love my Kindle! It's great to take a number of books with me on the road – one light weight piece of equipment with 20 or more books on it. Even better, when I research a specific term or topic in a book I am able to find all references in 10 seconds or less. It sure beats thumbing through pages to find what I'm looking for.
As I watched this TED video, I wondered, wow what would a Religion Textbook look like? Would it be as exciting or as interesting as this prototype? What's your take on the E-book? Are you ready for it? Are our students ready for it? What will a Religion E-book look like? What do you imagine?
Would love to hear from you! Come and share your thoughts!
Copyright ©2011 Caroline Cerveny