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Featuring scenic and
wildlife photos from northeastern United States and Canada. We offer
these and many more photos as high quality stock photography or as fine art
prints. Publishers can use our Stock Photography Request Form,
or feel free to inquire by email if you don't find the photographs you need
on this site. Low resolution jpeg files can be emailed for your review. Partial list of publications that have used my work.
Capturing photos of wildlife and wild places has been a passion of mine for the more than 40 years. In the following pages are a few of the photographs that are the result of my obsession. I hope that these pictures will inspire an appreciation of nature in others. Our wilderness and wildlife need to be preserved, for they are the true barometer of our own future.
"Contact Information"
Wildlife Photos / Bird Photos Including:
Veery Nest, Eastern Bluebird female, Common Yellowthroat Nest, Pileated Woodpecker, American Tree Sparrow, Downy Woodpecker male, Virginia Rail, Common Grackle, Evening Grosbeak female, Northern Cardinal male, Black-Capped Chickadee, Killdeer Standing Over Eggs, Belted Kingfisher female, White-Breasted Nuthatch female, Cedar Waxwing Nest, Northern Cardinal female, Blue Jay, Gray Catbird Nest, Cedar Waxwing, Common Yellowthroat, Gray Jay, Slate-Colored Junco, House Finch male, Blue Jay, Eastern Bluebird male, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird female, American Goldfinch summer male, Common Redpoll male, Ruby-Throated Hummingbird perched, Tufted Titmouse, American Robin Nest, Yellow Warbler Nest, Greater Yellowlogs with crayfish, Red Bellied Woodpecker, Solitary Sandpiper
Wildlife Photos / Bird Photos - 2 Including:
Blackburnian Warbler photos, Black-Throated Blue Warbler, Black-Throated Green Warbler pictures, Black & White Warbler, Canada Warbler, Chestnut-Sided Warbler, Yellow-Rumped Warbler, Yellow Warbler, Northern Waterthrush, Common Yellowthroat, Rose-Breasted Grosbeak, Purple Finch, White-Throated Sparrow, Eastern Wood PeeWee, Gray Catbird, Indigo Bunting, Northern Oriole male, Northern Oriole female, Red-Breasted Nuthatch, Marsh Wren, Carolina Wren, Winter Wren, House Wren; many of these birds are pictured singing.
Wildlife Photos / Duck and Waterfowl Photos Including:
Hooded Merganser drake, Black Ducks, Ring Necked Ducks, Northern Pintail drake, Blue Winged Teal, pair, Green Winged Teal, hen, Green Winged Teal drake, Hooded Merganser hen with crayfish, Mallard drake up close, Mallards taking flight, Mallard reflection, Autumn Mallard, Hooded Merganser Photos, Common Merganser, Pintail Drake, American Coot, Pied-Billed Grebe, Bufflehead, Hooded Merganser with Crayfish, Common Loons on misty Adirondack morning, Canvasback, Immature Common Loon, American Coot, Mallard Flapping, Mallard Stretching, Double-Crested Cormorant
Wildlife Photos / Duck and Waterfowl Photos-2; Including:
Hooded Merganser eating fish, Black Duck, Ring Necked Ducks, Northern Shoveler photos, Redhead Ducks, Mallard drake in flight, Mallards taking flight, Mallard reflection, Autumn Mallard, Hooded Merganser Photos, Common Merganser,
Wildlife Photos / Wood Duck Photos Including:
Wood Duck Pair, Wood Duck hen, Wood Duck drake on log, Wood Duck drake flapping, Wood Duck drake close-up, Wood Duck chick, Wood Duck reflection, Wood Duck hen flapping, Wood Duck hen in tree, Wood Duck drake in tree, Wood Duck hen close-up, Wood Duck Pair on log, Wood Ducks in tree
Wildlife Photos / Goose Photos Including:
Canada Goose on bank of pond, Canada Goose Taking Flight, Canada Geese reflection, Canada Geese returning North, Canada Goose early Spring, Canada Goose flapping, Canada Geese landing, Canada Geese touch down, Canada Geese moving on, Canada Goose in early morning light, Canada Goose family, Canada Goose with chicks, Snow Geese, Snow Geese- 2, Snow Geese-3, Snow Geese blue phase, Curious Canada Goose, Canada Goose flapping - 2, Canada Geese & Snow
Wildlife Photos / Loon, Grebe, Coot and Moorhen Photos Including:
Common Loons on misty Adirondack Lake, Pictures of Loon flapping, Pied-Billed Grebe photos, Pied-Billed Grebe with chicks, American Coot pictures, Common Moorhen photos.
Wildlife Photos / Osprey and Eagle Photos Including:
Osprey-male taking stick to nest, Osprey-male taking stick to nest, Osprey-male taking stick to nest, Osprey-male in flight, Osprey-male in flight, Osprey-male in flight, Osprey-male in flight, Osprey-female in flight, Osprey-female in flight, Bald Eagle in flight, Bald Eagle calling, Bald Eagle in flight, Bald Eagle on deer carcass, Bald Eagles on deer carcass, Immature Bald Eagle on deer carcass, Bald Eagles in flight, Bald Eagles on ice, Bald Eagle in flight
Wildlife Photos / Owl and Hawk Photos Including:
Barred Owl, Barred Owl-2, Barred Owl-3, Snowy Owl, Saw-Whet Owl, Boreal Owl, Boreal Owl-2, Northern Hawk Owl, Screech Owl fledgling, Short-Eared Owl, Long-Eared Owl, Great Horned Owl, Snowy Owl-2, Snowy Owl-3, Harris Hawk, Northern Goshawk, Red-Shouldered Hawk, Cooper's Hawk, Red-Tailed Hawk, American Kestrel, Harris Hawk-2, Peregrine Falcon, Northern Goshawk immature-feeding on deer carcass, Great Gray Owl on fence post, Great-Gray Owl on fence post, Great-Gray Owl, Great-Gray Owl on fence post,
Wildlife Photos / Gamebird Photos Including:
Ruffed Grouse female, Ruffed Grouse male strutting, Wild Turkey tom, Wild Turkey toms, Wild Turkey jake, Wild Turkey roosted, Wild Turkey strutting, Wild Turkey bearded hen, Ring-Necked Pheasant, Ring-Necked Pheasant-2, Ring-Necked Pheasant-3, Ring-Necked Pheasant-4, Ring-Necked Pheasant-5, Ring-Necked Pheasant-6, Bobwhite Quail female, Bobwhite Quail-2 male, Bobwhite Quail-3 male, Spruce Grouse, Woodcock sitting on eggs, Wild Turkey strutting toms, Wild Turkey strutting jake, Wild Turkey - jakes, Wild Turkey strutting. Wild Turkey double beard strutting, Woodcock Photos, Woodcock with Chicks,
Wildlife Photos / Heron Photos Including:
Great Blue Heron up close, Great Blue Heron-2 strutting, Great Blue Heron-3 strutting, Great Blue Heron-4, stretching, Great Blue Heron-5 strutting, Great Blue Heron-6 portrait, Green Heron, Green Heron-2, Green Heron-3, Green Heron-4, Green Heron-5, Great Egret, Great Egret-2, Great Egret-3, Great Egret-4, Great Egret-5, Sand Hill Crane, Sand Hill Crane-2, Sand Hill Crane-3.
Wildlife Photos / Large Mammal Photos (larger than fox) Including:
Bull Moose, Bull Moose-2, Bull Moose-3, Cow Moose, Black Bear, Black Bear-2, Eastern Coyote close-up, Eastern Coyote-2, Gray Wolf, Gray Wolf-2, Red Wolf, Red Wolf-2, Red Wolf yawning, Lynx, Bobcat.
Wildlife Photos / Small Mammal Photos (smaller than fox) Including:
Snowshoe Hare, Snowshoe Hare-2, Snowshoe Hare-3, Cottontail Rabbit summer, Cottontail Rabbit winter, Raccoon, Raccoon cubs, Chipmunk, Chipmunk-2, Red Squirrel, Gray Squirrel, Gray Squirrel black, Young Woodchuck , Woodchuck (ground hog), Muskrat, Opossum, Gray Fox, Stripped Skunk, Eastern Mole, Beaver, Mink, Gray Fox-2, Porcupine, Curious Chipmunk autumn
Wildlife Photos / Fox Photos Including:
Red Fox Photos, Red Fox Kit Photos, Red Fox Pup Photos, Red Fox Pounce Photos, Red Fox Portrait, Red Fox pictures, Gray Fox Photos
Wildlife Photos / Whitetail Deer Photos Including:
Photos of Large Bucks, Bucks Sparring, Trophy Whitetail Buck in Velvet, Deer in sunset, Bedded Fawns, Bedded Doe, Autumn Doe, Summer Doe, Doe nursing fawns, Winter Whitetails
Wildlife Photos / Butterfly & Moth Photos Including:
Baltimore, Eyed Brown, Harris Checkerspot, Viceroy, American Painted Lady, Bronze Copper Pair, Question Mark, Skipper, Skipper and Dew, Tiger Swallowtail, Blue Eyed Grayling, Acadian Hairstreak, Luna Moth, Io Moth, Great Spangled Fritillary, Tiger Swallowtail - 2, Rosy Maple Moth, Skipper on Buttercup, Banded Purple, Luna Moths, Luna Moth on Fern, Luna Moth on Maple Trunk, Pearl Crescent, Skipper on Timothy, Harris Checkerspot, Bronze Copper on Wild Iris, Skipper Pair, Polyphemus Moth, Hummingbird Moth, Hummingbird Moth, Hummingbird Moth, Silver Bordered Fratillary, Silver Bordered Fratillary
Wildlife Photos / Insect, Photos Including:
Dragonfly, Dragonfly-2, Ebony Jewelwing Damselfly, Ebony Jewelwing Damselfly-2, Damselfly-3, Mayfly on Knapweed, Grasshopper on Bull Thistle, Black & Yellow Argiope, Grass Spider, Metalic Wood Borer, Walking Stick, Walking Stick-2, Lacewing on Buttercup, Dragonfly-3, Dragonfly-4, Grasshopper and Dew
Wildlife Photos / Wildflower Photos Including:
Columbine, Wild Iris, Colt's Foot, Cardinal Flower, Spring Beauty, Deptford Pink, Fall Phlox, Dutchman's Breeches, Jack in the Pulpet, Fragrant Water Lily, Pink Lady's Slipper, Jerusalem Artichoke, Purple Trillium, Painted Trillium, Bunchberry, Wild Lupine, Yellow Lady's Slipper, Showy Lady's Slipper, Marsh Violet, Wood Sorrel, Squirrel Corn, Bloodroot, Black-Eyed Susan, Trout Lily, Spring Beauty, Hepatica, Pitcher Plant, Painted Trillium-2, May-Apple, Marsh Marigold, Skunk Cabbage, Large Flowered Trillium, Pink Lady's Slipper - 2, Star Flower, Mayapple Blossom
Wildlife Photos / Reptile and Amphibian Photos Including:
Bull Frog reflection, A Frog's Day, Eyes, Green Frog, American Toad, American Toad-2, Bull Frog-2, Wood Frog, Garter Snake, Garter Snake-2, Red Eft, Painted Turtle, Wood Frog-2, Wood Frog-3, Leopard Frog, Wood Turtle, Snapping Turtle, Painted Turtle - 2, Pickerel Frog, Gray Treefrog, Bull Frog - 3, Spring Peeper, Spring Peeper - 2, Northern Water Snake, Northern Water Snake - 2, Spotted Turtle
Stock Scenic and Landscape Photography:
Landscape Photos / Lake and Pond Photos Including:
Newcomb Lake & Santanoni Mountain -Adirondacks, South Pond & Blue Mountain- Adirondacks, Cedar River Flow -Adirondacks, Moss Lake Afterglow-Adirondacks, Dusk on Raquette Lake- Adirondacks, Pre-dawn Horseshoe Lake-Adirondacks, Sunrise on Horseshoe Lake- Adirondacks, Big Moose- Adirondacks, Gorton Pond-Tug Hill Plateau, Gorton Pond in winter-Tug Hill Plateau, Oneida Lake Sunset, Entering Nelson Lake- Adirondacks, Moss Lake and Solo Canoe- Adirondacks, Moss Lake spring-Adirondacks, Cascade Lake - Canoe Camping-Adirondacks, South Pond sunrise- Adirondacks, Big Moose Inlet Area-Adirondacks, Newcomb Lake - 2 Adirondacks, Moss Lake Sunrise-Adirondacks, Rainbow over Newcomb Lake- Adirondacks, Lake Manion-Adirondacks, Beaver Pond off Rt.3- Adirondacks, Horseshoe Lake sunset-Adirondacks, Lake Delta dawn, Rainbow on Lake Costello- Ont. Canada, Sunrise on Lake Costello- Ont. Canada, Lake of Two Rivers-Ont. Canada, Seventh Lake-Adirondacks, Cascade Lake-Adirondacks
Landscape Photos / River and Stream Photos Including:
Waterfalls, North Branch Moose River-Adirondacks, Raquette River -Adirondacks, West Canada Creek in Nobleboro- Adirondacks, Cascade Falls-Adirondacks, Winter on Moose River-Adirondacks, Salmon River Falls-Tug Hill Plateau, Chittenango Falls, Fall Brook-Tug Hill Plateau, Moose River Sunrise- Adirondacks, Fall Brook Falls- Tug Hill Plateau, Dawn on West Branch Fish Creek, Tug Hill Plateau ; Opeonga Outlet-Canada, Moss Glen Falls-VT., Rainbow Falls-Adirondacks, Small Autumn Stream-Pixley Falls State Park, Canoeing Moose River-Adirondacks, West Branch Ausable River-Adirondacks, Footbridge East Branch Ausable River-Adirondacks, Mad River-Tug Hill Plateau, Lansingkill winter, Chittenango Falls - 2, Salmon River - Salmon Fishing, Ragged Falls-Ont. Canada, Moose River sunrise-Adirondacks
Stock Nature Photography Including:
Miscellaneous Photos, Includes photos of Autumn Leaves, Wildlife Tracks, Webs and Dew, Dew Drop on blade of Grass, Macro Photos, Brook Trout, Smallmouth Bass, Largemouth Bass, Clouds, Rainbows, Various Landscapes, and much more
Additional Pages:
Wildlife Photography Tips for the aspiring photographer, New York State wildlife photography information, Fine Art Prints of wildlife and landscapes, Screen Savers including Wildlife and Landscapes from Northeastern America, Monitor Adjustment, Published Works, Used Nikon Equipment, Stock Photography Request Form, and Pictures of the Month.
Notice! Contents of this web site may not be copied or downloaded for any purpose.


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Promote your beer to thirsty patrons looking for it.Learn More
Heads up! Fieldwork Annette may not be available near you. Follow this beer to get notified when it's available nearby, try searching in a different area, or discover some similar beer.
Blonde Ale5.0% ABV
Thimble Island Brewing CompanyBranford, CT
Available at very few places nearby
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Available at very few places nearby
American Pale Ale6.5% ABV65 IBU
Oskar Blues BreweryLyons, CO
Dale's Pale Ale is a hearty, critically acclaimed trailblazer that has changed the way craft beer fiends perceive canned beer.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Beef Chimichanga
This version of the classic deep-fried burrito features refried beans, beef filling, pic de gallo and black olives.
3 lbs. refried beans, hot
24 10-in. flour tortillas
3 lbs. taco beef filling
1 lb. + 2 oz. pico de gallo
1 1/4 cup + 3 tbsp. deep-fat frying oil
12 oz. lettuce, shredded
12 oz. sour cream
1/4 cup black olives, sliced
1. Spread 2 oz. beans across lower third of each tortilla. Top with 2 oz. taco filling. Fold lower edge of tortilla over filling. Fold both sides in and roll tightly. Secure with toothpick.
2. Deep fry chimichangas at 350°F for 11/2 mins. or until golden brown. Drain well. Remove toothpick. Place on serving plate.
3. Garnish with 1/2 oz. lettuce, 3/4 oz. pico de gallo, 1/2 oz. sour cream and 1/2 tsp. olives. Serve immediately.
Recipe by Sodexo


text: VAWK is thrilled to collaborate once again with eBay Canada for a limited-edition collection featuring clothing and accessories called VAWK for eBay Holiday. The nine-piece collection is exclusive to eBay for the duration of the sale which runs from December 2 – 8, or while supplies last. Items will be sold at auction or Buy It Now prices, with free shipping across Canada. The collection's one-of-a-kind winter-white formal gown will be auctioned off – starting at 99 cents – with proceeds benefiting Kids Help Phone.


text:
Mushroom Farm Defender
Tags: Animal Games / Strategy Games / Defense Games / Shooting Games / Upgrade Games / Tower Defense Games
Publisher: FreeOnlineGames.com
Video Walkthrough
In Mushroom Farm Defender you have to think strategically and place mushroom along the pathway you enemies walk. Your mushrooms will automatically defend your farm by shooting at the enemies. The more enemies your mushrooms kill the more money you make and thus having more money for upgrades and adding more mushrooms to defend your farm. You also have elements you can add yo your mushroom which will enhance their attacks based on which element you choose.
· Drag and Place Mushroom in Desired Position = Mouse (point and click)
Embed this game
Share this game


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By Lisa Desjardins, CNN
Follow on Twitter: @LisaDCNN
Editor's Note: Listen to the full story in our player above, and join the conversation in our comments section below.
(CNN) – As Congress and the White House fight over every billion in revenue and spending cuts, there is some $200 billion in savings on the table that many economists insist is a no-brainer.
The idea is to simply change how the US calculates inflation from the current Consumer Price Index measures to one that is arguably more accurate, the chained CPI.
Over a decade, the change could save the government billions in spending tied to inflation, notably cost of living adjustments for federal retirees and Social Security recipients.
[3:28] "That's the funny thing about this policy. If we enacted it, nobody would notice."
– Marc Goldwein, senior policy director, Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget
Advocates for seniors and retirees passionately disagree.
[3:42] "Perhaps you would not feel it so much over the next year or two but over the long term is when it's really going to hurt."
– Elaine Hughes, retired Dept. of Energy employee and National Secretary for the National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association.
Subscribe to this podcast on iTunes or Stitcher. And listen to CNN Soundwaves on our SoundCloud page.
Please sign my Whitehouse petition to change the federal tax system-http://wh.gov/nZ4w
Wow got to end this post. I bet those d!cks in D.C. are like thank god for the Connecticut shooter cause now we can go back do doing what ever the hell we want and no one will notice. Kinda makes you wander doesn't it....
Inflation is not rising prices. It is an expanding money supply. Rising prices is merely an effect of inflation.
Get out of the dollar while you can.
Fair point, but in the story I intentionally spoke of how the US "measures inflation". CPI is a measure of inflation.
I agree with Joe R and his common sense views. There are two sides to this argument that are never mentioned, and it has nothing to do with money. On one side are those who assume the responsibility to work for themselves, take care of themselves and/or their loved ones, without depending on others for their wage. On the other side are those who expect to be taken care of throughout their lives. This means attaching your livelihood to someone or something else, whether it's a large company, a union, or a government entitlement. Those who are wealthy (the beneficiaries of our capitalist system) have a MORAL obligation to help those less fortunate without breaking themselves. That's what's missing today.
On the other side, those who receive entitlements have a MORAL obligation to become productive on their own. otherwise they're nothing more than an adult version of children depending on the "parent" government. President Clinton's "welfare to work" program was a big step, which started us on the right path to the surplus he left us with.
America's debt is just a reflection of all of us-living way beyond our means without the proper revenue coming in to balance the books. No one cares, as long as we get what we want-and get it NOW!! Everyone else, including the consequences of our actions, be damned. The day of reckoning is upon us, and whoever is ready to accept their medicine will survive. Otherwise, you fall by the wayside, and then you are truly on your own for the first time.
Very well said, Rebel. There is plenty of blame to go around. We are a compassionate nation and feel responsible to aid those in need. But I get the feeling we have way too many people abusing the system and our government has "enabled" these folks to game the system. So entitlement programs need to be better administered and more incentives created for people to get out and start pulling their own weight whenever possible. But there is also WAY too much wasteful spending in all facets of government and I strongly believe that the buck should stop at Congress. Let them start to set the example as to how we can rein in excessive spending. For starters, I don't believe in career politicians.
Give them all one 6 year term. Do the best you can, then move on. No campaigning after you are elected. No government pension. Collect on social security based on your lifetime earnings just as every other citizen. Receive the same healthcare options as every ordinary citizen. Same goes for the President. The mandate should be that the government is conducted just as every household is run.....you can't spend any more than you have. Adjust accordingly
We are still the strongest and free-est nation in the world.......WE CAN DO THIS!.
Well enough said. If you can't take care of yourself, you go by the wayside. That would be the gutter at the side of the road outside your place, where those who can't take of themselves go to pass away quietly, if not invisibly. Everyone that insists the government has no role in caring for those who can't care for themselves must realize the option is bodies, in card board boxes under highway over passes, in heatless homes, etc.. It means more sick and diseased people among us, to put it bluntly, spreading contagion. It means your parents wasting away when you get fired from that job you slaved away at for 20 yrs. When you're unemployed and there are 5 people chasing every job, when you're over 50 and no one will hire you for an even, or especially an entry level job, much rather a good job, instead hiring whatever friend of a friend needs a gig, instead of the best qualified, like you. Well then get back to me and tell me the governemnt should let you waste away. The labor market is now permanently stacked against workers, and just about 1 out of 10 can't get a job, or get one that pays enough to pay the rent, get married, or worst / most expensive, have children. ONE OUT OF TEN OF ALL WORKERS. The problem isn't Americans who don't want to work. 12 million WERE working, want to, but our gov't bribed by big business and the rich execs and owners have made it so they make more at the expense of MOST Americans, and with no thought to the harm it does to our country, our way of life, our ideals.
I was the CFO of several successful companies over a 25 year period, and among the things I learned is that there is never a simple solution to a complex problem. This proposal sticks it to the retirees, and the disabled – like veterans who have lost limbs in the service of their country. The "solution" says, change a formula so you pay retirees and the handicapped less money. And then some jamoke (I forget who) says people receiving entitlements have a moral obligation to do whatever they can to stop receiving them. I paid into the Social Security pension system for over 50 years. Why does any rational person think that I should not receive the money I am contractually entitled to? Also, in my case, I had to close a successful consulting business because of medical malpractice performed by the Johnson & Johnson Company who sold a defective artificial hip that was installed in me. I can no longer work for medical reasons, and there are a lot of people just like me, who would like to return to work, if possible, but cannot because of problems caused by someone else.BTW, I don't pay any income tax. Why not? Because my annual income is so low it is below the taxable income threshold. Romney says that makes me a "moocher". It's no big mystery why Mitt lost. He may have been a very effective CEO of a private equity company, but he's short on the gray matter to make such a sweeping indictment of thousands of Americans, with out any understanding or consideration of the underlying factors as to why a lot of people don't pay taxes
Steve, if you were a CFO for several successful companies over a 25 year period, yet you did not have sufficient assets or insurance to deal with your inability to work? Did you ever intend to take care of yourself or did expect someone else to do it from day one?
Our 'great' politicians want to cut just about everything from we the legal taxpayers, yet they won't cut by at least 50% THEIR salaries, THEIR retirements, THEIR medical, THEIR foreign revenue deals.........since they want to 'lead by example', they need to start with that first, or they (our 'great' gov't/politicians) just needs to accept the fact that they're nothing more than moral cowards, thugs and punks, and its little wonder that most USA taxpayers can't stand them – at this point, it may be better to put a bullet into most of the Demonrats/Relieorats/Independentrats – they sure as heck aren't doing anything for 'we, the USA taxpayers'!!!
How corrrect yuo are!!!
In the last poll of least trustworthy persons I saw, politicians ranked just above used car salesmen, which I think is a slur on the people who sell used cars. I like your idea, but unfortunately it has little chance of coming to fruition, because under the Constitution, the politicians would have to vote to cut their own throats. I think the Tooth Fairy will get her own reality show before that happens.
Amazing commentary from these leaders you keep sending back to Washington to spend your money. Here's a novel consideration for these "keepers" of the budget! Along with the percentile cuts in medicaid, medicare, social security, ect. lets see some percentile reduction in the cost of operation's for the Senate and the House starting with caps on the amount of money these elected officials can pay themselves or spend on their office and upfront reductions (say 8%) in salary factored in over the term of service. Give it up folks if you want to take it back! Vote against incumbency and help save this nation and a constitution created by God fearing people.
This is one of my favorite comments section I have seen! People are saying many insightful things and debating just like I imagine the founding fathers wanted it. Congress with just vote the Fiscal Cliff budget out of existence. The next few hours will vindicate my prediction.
I agree. This is the kind of thing we're trying to get going with our more in-depth stories. More in-depth discussions. Keep checking CNNRadio.com. *shameless promo, but worthwhile*
I disagree completely. Congress is going to leave DC a week form today to go home for Christmas, because that's what is really important to them. We will slide over the cliff and hurt hundreds of thousands of Americans, like the poor folks who will run out of unemployment payments. then, all of our legislators will return in the first week of January and the Republican freshmen will rebel against any deal that Boehner and the president reach. This fiscal cliff problem will likely not get "fixed" until January is over.
The best fix to get a President for Americans not for personal interests, for the people not for the Unions, for the well being , not for the ill being, for security , not for insecurity, for non violence , not for violence..
We should thanks our lucky stars that we've elected one: President Obama.
I couldn't agree more. I think that ordinary citizens would have been slammed by the R&R team.It's interesting to me that both of these guys profess to be Christians, but their opinions and acts are totally contrary to everything Jesus taught and preached. Can you imagine Jesus saying, "make sure you protect the really rich people, by insuring that they pay a smaller percentage of their income than poor or ordinary people do". Ryan's plan to solve a long term financing problem for Medicare by charging America's poorest citizens more for health care is the most unChristian concept I have ever read about or heard of. And Romney lapped it up like a Kitten with a bowl of milk.
Here's an idea: Try legislating.
Stop the war.
Christmas (The War is Over. If you want to.) ~ John Lennon
it won't embed. sorry.
To me the real problem in america is not rich vs poor or who gets taxed more. as long as the money remains in the country and is not sitting in some one's mattress but being circulated constantly there should not be a real problem. The rich man's true consumption is how much of natural resources they consume in a given day. The bigger problem is when america's money is flowing to outside countries. That is not going to change whether you tax the rich more or you tax the rich less. I really doubt money circulation is a problem as there is really no incentive to saving in this country. The real fix is ensure that we make US people buy US made products or atleast be able to sell more US products to outside countries than what US buys from other countries.
Nothing that solves the problem is going to get any support from the Rebublicans. They want the current status quo of turmoil and constant uproar to continue, because it's the only way they can continue to rail against the President and anything he has to say. If any kind of bi-partisan peace is ever achieved, the ensuing calm will have many of the brainless neo-repubs and the thick-lipped followers wondering what they were so upset about, and they're likely to wander away...
Oscar, If you think the Democrats have any answers with more deficit spending, more entitlements for votes, you are clueless.
What America needs is a flat tax, less spending, and bring our jobs home. Anything short of that will lead us to socialism and more job losses. You can not spend your way out of a mess, there is no such thing as a free lunch, and if you tax the rich, they will go some place else, or shelter their money.
Lets stop demonizing the successful. If you get rid of them, we are all worse off. We are all Americans, and we all have value.
It would be nice if things were as simple as you make them. The compromise that needs to happen between the Congress and the White House is only the beginning of the changes we need in this country. The Fiscal Cliff as it is called is the tip of the ice berg. However, you can't make progress unless you start somewhere. The Republicans come to the press conference talking about spending cuts. The Democrats come to the conference talking about tax hikes. What each side needs to do, is come to the American people with a plan that includes both. No one ever turned down additional revenue. I know I wouldn't in my budget. The Republicans need to accept the tax hikes and the Democrats need to find more spending cuts to propose. That next step is simple. If they can't stop posturing in front of the cameras and do that, we are hopelessly headed for another deep recession. The progress, although small, will disappear.
To me the real problem in america is not rich vs poor or who gets taxed more. as long as the money remains in the country and is not sitting in some one's mattress but being circulated constantly there should not be a real problem. The rich man's true consumption is how much of natural resources they consume in a given day. The bigger problem is when america's money is flowing to outside countries. That is not going to change whether you tax the rich more or you tax the rich less. I really doubt money circulation is a problem as there is really no incentive to saving in this country. The real fix is ensure that we make US people buy US made products or atleast be able to sell more US products to outside countries than what US buys from other countries.
The problem is spending. And spending foolishly. The government knows it has nobody to stop them from spending. If they spend too much they just ask for me from the taxpayers. This problem is not limited to the federal level but the states as well Difference being the states are now doing something about it because they can't print money to get out. You don't like getting your state taxes raised you move to Texas. The feds can raise taxes on us all. Then continue to give money to Pakistan and other countries who hate us. If I were a millionaire I wouldn't mind giving more if it wasn't being wasted. Democrats want to give things away so why wouldn't you vote for them? Well if you had any sense you would know that in order to give you something for nothing, somebody had to pay for it. Just tax Bill Gates more, he can afford it right? That thinking would make me want to go out and work my butt off and become successful taking risks along the way. Then my rewards for my risks and success can be divided up to those who want to sit and watch daytime tv. Sounds like a strong nation to me!
I agree that federal spending is absurdly high and has been for the past 12 years in particular, but I really don't think that letting the bush tax cuts expire on the top earners is demonizing the wealthy or would kill one's motivation to succeed. To me, the single biggest political myth that has been perpetuated in the past few years is this idea that a higher tax rate on the wealthy kills job creation or demotivates one to make more money for fear of higher taxes. There is simply no historical (or current) evidence to support this idea (look at tax rates in the '50s and see if that 'killed jobs'). I believe that all Bush tax cuts should expire, but that it should begin with the wealthy and should only expire on the lower income earners once consumer confidence and spending return to consistent pre-recession levels. Additionally, we need to make serious spending cuts, beginning with Medicaid and Medicare (not doing away with, just cutting) and ending with significant defense cuts. People hate this idea but they should not hate it as much as the idea of skyrocketing debt or a default, which would eventually necessitate much deeper cuts to these programs than what are currently on the table. It's time for us to get our act together and all make some sacrifices (yes on both sides) if we profess to truly care at all about this country of ours.
Whether it be tax increases or budget cuts it seems as though it is okay as long as it does not pertain to you or I. Fact is our government needs to live within a budget as do most Americans. Taxes need to fair to all but they certainly far from it. America is no longer in the position to fund all of the programs within the federal budget. All things pertaining to taxes and spending need to be "on the table". If this was your household budget what would you do? Myself and most Americans would cut out want is not absolutely necessary increase their income however possible with overtime or a part-time job. If and when extra money is available then you can consider what to spend it on not before.
Regardless of whether it is a no-brainer, the bottom line is this–recipients of benefits will receive less.
One of the causes of the French Revolution was the rich and the churches did not pay taxes. Real simple. Unfortunately one of the causes of the American Revolution was the founding fathers did not want to pay taxes to England and wanted to eliminate their debt to England and didn't want to pay for their own defense. No to cuts for Entitlements. Trump, Willard, Roger Ailes, Rupert Murdoch could probably pay off our debt real quick.
Not enough rich people. Warren Buffett sent $30K to the US treasury this past year. Where did it go? Everybody will need to suck it up and we will need to spread the misery across the electorate. For our kid's sake. I dont remember my parents or grandparents who went through the depression leaving our generation with a large debt so they could live beyond their means. We need to model that now for the next generation.
So the French Revolution helped France.
Sorry, if you penalize the successful, you become a socialist, and you lose everything.
Won't happen. Many Union labor contracts have wage increases tied to CPI.
Ares, I think the companies held down by unions will fall one by one, just like Hostess. You will not compete with the world tomorrow if you kill productivity.
I really don't understand what is so difficult. I have bills to pay every month. If it exceeds my income I go into debt. I can reduce my spending & lower my bills. I can get a second job and increase my income. Or both. But I would be totally stupid if I get a second job and then increase my spending more than that. I just go deeper in debt.
You kinda listed the problem. We went into debt, and we just kept going into debt. Since Reagan we have been running a massive deficit in our budget, with the exception of a few years at the end of the Clinton administration. Now we are about too default if we don't raise the debt ceiling in Febuary, and no one can agree on a way to get our budget in order. Honestly, going over the fiscal cliff would be us tightening our belts really tight. They say this could send the country back into recession. It is a balancing act, dealing with our bloated debt while minimizing the damage to our ailing economy. People like me and you can see this because we are on the ground. Republican and Democrat leaders have their noses too deep in Ayn Ryand and Thomas Paine respectively too see what is staring them in the face.
Wow, we can lower inflation just by changing the way we calculate the CPI. After all, the CPI already excludes housing, food, gasoline, and has downward adjustments for technological improvements to products. But none of those things affect people's cost of living, of course.
Maybe we can re calculate the tax rate too.
The CPI includes the cost of food, energy and housing even if you don't like it.
Sorry to both "Simple Minded" and "MCV". Democrats passed legislation requiring all Social Security excess revenues over payouts to be lent to the Federal Government in exchange for future promissory notes. This masked the true Federal operating deficit for years until Social Security payouts began to exceed revenues. Now, those notes have to be paid back to Social Security with funds from the Federal operating budget – thereby contributing to the current deficit.
So they are correct, SS doesn't add to the deficit, the borrowing from previous years add to the yearly deficit.
It doesn't matter which pocket I take my money out of to pay for something
I thought this was going to be something useful like "The Transaction Tax" or "Automatic Payment Transaction Tax" - it reduces rates dramatically, eliminates loopholes, replaces all other Federal Taxes - and funds our obligations fully.
Chain weighting of inflation has been used by economists for a couple of decades now because it is a more accurate way to measure inflation. The old way of inflating spending from a base year out to future years becomes more inaccurate the farther from the base year you go. Chain weighting is pretty much the same thing as a moving average. If you understand the superiority of a moving average, then you understand the superiority of chain weighted inflation indicies.
It's not an evil plot, it is good mathematics.
Lets raise taxes on the rich . They won't notice it.
"That's the funny thing about this policy. If we enacted it, nobody would notice."
What's even funnier is that if nobody would notice, then how would you verify there was any beneficial effect?
Easy. Calculate infaltion weighted spending using the chain weighted index and compare this to a calculation of spending using the current method. It is a very easy thing to do on an Excel spreadsheet.
Another dumb idea from the simple minded. 70% of Social Security receipts depend on Social Security as their primary or exclusively as their sole source of income, somehow it makes sense to the simple minded that those most likely struggling to make ends meet should bear the burden. Social security does not contribute a single penny to the deficit and is in fact a source of borrowing revenue for the Federal Government.
You're wrong. The federal budget picks up the difference between what's being paid in and what's being paid out over the long term.
Frankly, If you gave most Seniors and option that had worked all their lives and contributed, and with the matching funds their employers had put in, compounded over the 43 years they worked, the average senior who retired in 2008 would have paid in approximately $387k including the inflation adjustment + 2% compounded interest added. Their employer matched this, so $774K was theirs. 5% has been and is an extemely poor return. Compounded at 4 % over 43 years, they had, in the account to be thier money upon retirement $1.13million total. for medical expense and living expenses.
How many do you think wouldn't have taken a lump-sum payout of THEIR money if it wouldn't have bankrupted the US, since their expected total payout over the balance of their lives is $733K? I think there's been enought of their money stolen from them already.
Where's the other $280k ? The drug addicts in the 1990's qualified for SSI, I know 1 that's still partying like a rock star on his, (and I do mean ROCK star) Disabled children's parents recieve lifetime SSI for their kids if they live with them. I know a foster parents who got 1600/month X 6 kids caring for disabled kids, plus all medical and food overpaid for them. They were debating on taking on another to buy 2 new escalades. know a woman who got too fat to walk, broke her leg, and cant work at all. She qualified for SSI. I know 20~30 something adults diagnosed with ADHD, schitz, bipolar, OCD, etc. They qualified for them. The SS Depts. operations/overhead budget is $9 billion.
If SS had been used for the Seniors, and only the Senoirs that paid into it as it was intended, and not raided by congress for true "entitlement" spending, our country would be filthy rich. Without the $9B overhead to employ "No Value Added" federal Employees to decide who qualifies for the other forms and who doesn't, the system could be automated. This would never happen, because there are too many federal employees to get rid of them, and too many lawyers sucking off of fighting for the additional styles of benefits, however, as far as cutting more money in payouts, we've already stolen close to 20% of their money they entrusted us to hold for safe-keeping, are we really going to steal so much we starve them out?
I guess young Liberal's desires to spend more money to save the spotted owls of this earth outweighs their grandparent's need to eat.
The average person receiving SS has gone through their contribution and their employers allowing for a 5% annual return in seven years. Then they are just coasting free, and if they have have a spouse who never paid in they're making off like bandits.
The maximum social security check is $2360 a month. The average is $1,230 a month. The average lifespan in the USA is 78.1. That means the average person will get 13 years of benefits. 13 years at the maximum benefit is $368,000. 13 years at the average benefit is $191,880. during a lifetime at work the wage scales have changed but a median wage earner who entered the workforce at age 22 and retired at age 65 in 2011 would have payed in $294,000 in Social security taxes and actually will collect $103,000 less than they pay in udring their lifetime. The Cost drain comes from the Disablity side of the payouts. That is where the conversation needs to be had. Simply cutting benefits is not a real option. Costs have to be lowered. Obamacare is a start but there is much more work to do. Strengthening workplace regulations so that companies cannot use up their employees bodies and leave us holding the bill when they become worn out and disabled at age 40 is a necesary component. Increasing R&D into cures for some of the diseases that cause long term disability is another compnent. we need to spend money now to save it later instead of saving nickels now but spending dollars later
I can see the logic what you're saying.....I used to be on SS because of my disability – I have a hearing impairment plus a learning disability. However, now the guidelines are that 'since I can walk/talk in a somewhat understandable way, I don't need SS for my disability. However, if you're a drug addict, you can get disability. Eventually, it will end, because our 'great' gov't/politicians will cut from what the people need before they cut their salaries.
What's wrong with reforming the program? Nothing, one clean it up and stop letting people on it that never paid into it, two were living longer, up retirement by two years, and three, stop uncle dufuss from raiding it. Applies to both parties.
Why raise up retirement by two years when it will mostly hurt the workers who are in low-income jobs, that will need it the most? That's not right. Those in higher paying jobs can afford the two years; whereas the low-income workers can't . The only way that would be fair is that those workers who are in low-income jobs get retirement benefits double what the high-income workers would get upon retirement. After all, its the low-income workers who do the dirty work that the rich/high-income workers don't and won't get themselves dirty to do.
Michelle by raising retirement by two or three year to adjust for longer lifespans, you would be able to put more money into the system. Thus, not adding burden to younger folks who will be forced to plan for retirement with very little expectation of receiving the money they put in. Also, low income people already receive well more than their share of social security. Since there is a maximum amount you can receive each month, any wealthy person has put substantially more than they would ever get back. The joke is that corporate "fat cats" don't work hard. Very few people in the US are wealthy via inheritance. Most of these people have been working 60-80 hour weeks and received Bachelors and/or graduate degrees. Your accomplishment or lack of accomplishments are on you and thus you reap the benefits or lack of benefits.
The taxpayers pick up the shortfall dummy
There is and has never been a shortfall in Social Security dummy. We have borrowed the annual surplus FROM Social security every year. It has not ben taken it has been borrowed. The trust fund has a 2.7 trillion surplus in the form of US treasury bonds which are real and are backed by the full faith and credit of the USA. in 2011 Social security took in 68 bilion more than it spent. The 2034 year they talk about is not when it goes broke. That is the year that money in will equal money out if NOTHING is done
SS does not contribute to the deficit. It does however contribute to the national debt, by the government borrowing from itself.
Anyone who planned on SS being enough in retirement needs to life of other family members, not the taxpayers
Actually, when SS/medicare/medicaid/CHP is collecting it's full percentage, it brings in more than it pays out.
2011-with 2% less total revenue was about 1trillion
cost was just over 1 trillion.
most years it brought in more revenue then it spent, but that money was kept in the fund, it was spent by our congress, year in and year out.
Didn't I hear someone talking about a lockBox for SS/Medicare? Who was that?
70% of Social Security recipients have no other source of income?
1) Why not? Didn't they think about saving for retirement? Or were they planning on living off the government? Why should I have to support someone who was irresponsible and didn't bother to SAVE for retirement.
2) That means that 30% DO have other sources of income. Retired individuals with with large IRA's, savings and pensions should STOP mooching off taxpayers and support themselves. It's social SECURITY, not a government pension plan, and was never intended to be distibuted to EVERYONE regardless of how rich they are. The height of injustice is MY CURRENT social security payments going to cover greens fees for some retired IBM executive living in a condo in Florida....
Bottom line if it wasn't just another way of cutting seniors social security it wouldn't be being pitched as "savings" now would it?
A better proposal for inflation adjustments to Social Security benefit payments would be an entirely different cost-of-living index which measures specifically what seniors spend their money on. This would over-weight things like medical costs, food, and housing and under-weight or eliminate things like school costs. Either of the current CPI measures leaves seniors short-changed after 10+ years of adjustments.
Here is a no brainer for CNN, cut Lisa Desjardins' pay and you will be more profitable.
Here is a simple fix.
Obama can't spend one cent that is not appropriated by the Republican-controlled House. And the Constitution clearly requires all spending (appropriation) bills to originate in that same Republican-controlled House. So, if you are upset at spending by the federal government, you have only one legitimate target for your anger: the Republican-controlled House!
Someone has a slanted view of things. I am upset with both parties.
Sure. I'm fine with that. I'm also upset with both parties. But if the issue is spending, the Republicans have been in control of every single penny spent by the federal government since they took control of Congress in January, 2011. Any wasteful spending is thus their fault as well.
So by your logic, the democratic controlled house from 2006-2010 was responsible for what again... Or was that all just Bush's fault... I prefer the angry at both sides approach.
So your saying that the deficits in Bush's last term are the fault of the Democrats that controlled the House, and that the surplus that left lays are Clinton's feet was actually thanks to the GOP controlled House?
I wouldn't completely disagree, although it's a bit over simplistic, but I've long held that Congress loves to blame the President, ANY President, for spending and everything else but of course they are the ones who pass the bills.
It still needs to be signed by the democrat controlled senate and the President
That's old-hat partisanship. People root for these parties like sports teams instead of talking ideas they blame each other. Saying Republicans are responsible for spending is wishful thinking and more blame deflecting. Both parties are spendaholics that are destroying the country. Remember how ObamaCare was rammed through? The President needs to lead on this issue while people like you seek to deflect blame. Repubs and Dems are both wrong in some ways, both right in other ways while their lemmings banter like drunk sports fans.
That's not a fix in reality it is only a paper fix.
True. It is just playing with numbers.
The reduction would decrease the actual expenditures
The CPI needs to be calculated on real cost of living.
At least inflation is under control and we dont have to worry about that down the road.


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This was posted by Jonathan on the 27th of January, 2010 and filed under Chanel
Tagged: Dracula, Soap
6 Comments »
Only you could discern the inspiration behind Lagerfeld's design. I think the man has lost his mind. After all, brains are made up of fat and Karl is so determined to stay thin that he looks like a mummified dandy. So maybe his brain is literally gone.Comment by kathcom — January 28, 2010, 8:03 am
I woke up this morning to read the NYT and see some of this collection. I was SO hoping you would do something regarding the hair. It's so……Bactrian.Comment by susy — January 28, 2010, 8:25 am
ahah this one's brilliant! you really cracked the nut of his inspirationComment by hhhoudini — January 28, 2010, 12:56 pm
Bram's Dracula was totally the first thing I thought of when I saw that head gear for Chanel!Comment by Patricia Ann — February 19, 2010, 8:40 pm
AMAZING!!! I love this one…I love all your posts!Comment by Kimmy — March 16, 2010, 11:59 pm
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Australia's Opposition Poised for Victory
Australian voters are expected to throw out the ruling Labor Party Saturday in favor of a conservative coalition that has pledged to revive the nation's economy as a long mining boom recedes. The WSJ's Enda Curran has the details.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
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South African Journal of Animal Science
versão On-line ISSN 2221-4062
versão impressa ISSN 0375-1589
S. Afr. j. anim. sci. vol.39 no.3 Pretoria Jan. 2009
The effect of age at photostimulation of male broiler breeders on testes growth and the attainment of sexual maturity
N.C. Tyler#; R.M. Gous
Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Male broiler breeders were photostimulated at different ages (56, 77, 98, 119, 147 and 161 d) during the period of growth prior to achieving sexual maturity to observe their response to photoperiod stimulation. Birds were sampled at regular intervals to measure the average testis weight - these values responding curvilinearly to the age at photostimulation, similar to the attainment of sexual maturity observed previously in females. However, males reached sexual maturity at an earlier age than females, as measured by the start of semen production. Based on the age at first semen production, no differences in the mean age at sexual maturity (ranging from 164 to 172 d) resulted from the different ages at photostimulation. Testis weights from males on different photostimulation treatments showed that some males respond to early stimulation, but from 189 d of age some of these early photostimulated males still had an average testis weight of less than 10 g, while males photostimulated 98 d and later all had an average testis weight over 10 g. Serum testosterone concentration measured at 351 d also showed that early photostimulation resulted in two groups of birds that either responded or not. At 351 d the serum testosterone concentration was more evenly distributed in males photostimulated after 98 d, while males photostimulated before 98 d had either high or low serum testosterone concentrations. Directional asymmetry was observed in testis weights, with the left testis being bigger than the right. Other bilateral traits measured also showed directional asymmetry, an indication of developmental instability. However, the degree of relative asymmetry was not related to treatment. All males should respond to photostimulation by 98 d but some respond earlier, and these could be used by broiler breeding companies to eliminate seasonality in these birds.
Keywords: Fertility, lighting, testosterone, breeder, cockerel, seasonality
Evidence of juvenile photorefractoriness has been found in broiler breeders reared on different constant daylengths, with the age at sexual maturity (ASM) being delayed in birds reared on long daylengths in both females (Lewis et al., 2004) and males (Tyler & Gous, 2008). This suggests that photorefractoriness is dissipated at different rates, and that dissipation could occur at a faster rate when broiler breeders are exposed to short daylengths for a period of time. The length of exposure to short daylengths and the age at which birds acquire photosensitivity was previously investigated in female broiler breeders by Lewis et al. (2007). Females photostimulated from 8 to 16 h light/d at 69, 76, 83 or 97 d of age did not respond to photostimulation, and dissipation of photorefractoriness was delayed so that birds matured at the same rate - as if they had been maintained on long days from hatch, as the delay in ASM was similar to the delay seen in females reared on 16 h light (Lewis et al., 2004). An advance in ASM was observed when females were photostimulated at 111 and 125 d, but a bimodal distribution was observed when the females were photostimulated at 111 d, as the ASM in some had been advanced while others matured as if reared on 16 h light/d (Lewis et al., 2007), suggesting that there is some genetic variation in the acquisition of photosensitivity. By 124 d the entire population had become photosensitive. Robinson et al. (1996) also found a significant delay in ASM when broiler breeders were photostimulated at 160 d compared to 120 d, but the number of days from photostimulation to sexual maturity was lower in the later-stimulated pullets, indicating that this may not be a photo-induced response. Proudfoot et al. (1984), however, found no significant difference in days to 50% production of broiler breeder females photostimulated at 112 or 140 d.
Dunn et al. (1990) suggested that the neuro-endocrine pathways involved in the transmission of photoperiodic information are functional at three weeks of age in dwarf female broiler breeders. Photostimulation at three weeks of age, in feed-restricted birds, resulted in significantly higher plasma luteinising hormone (LH) concentrations compared to non-photostimulated control birds. However, this may not translate to a different ASM as Lewis et al. (2005) concluded that changes in plasma gonadotrophins were not particularly useful as predictors of ASM, although a photoperiodic response curve, where a plot of the photo-induced increase in plasma LH against a range of photoperiods after photostimulation, is useful in predicting the critical and saturation daylengths (Lewis et al., 2008).
The aim of the experiment reported here was to determine the response of male broiler breeders to different ages at photostimulation, through testes development and asymmetry as well as age at first semen production and serum testosterone concentration, and to determine whether flock fertility may be maximised if males are reared on the same lighting programme as females.
Materials and Methods
Four hundred Ross broiler breeder males were randomly allocated to 12 light-tight rooms (32 per room) at 56 d of age after having been reared on a constant 8-h photoperiod. A 60W incandescent lamp, located 1.8 m above the floor, was used to provide a mean illuminance in each room of 47 ± 1.8 lux. The birds were photostimulated to 14 h at 56, 77, 98, 119, 147 and 161 d of age, each treatment being replicated in two rooms. A controlled feeding programme recommended by the primary breeding company (Aviagen, 2006) was used throughout the growing period, where the average weight of birds in each room was used to allocate feed to keep body weights on the target growth curve. This was in an attempt to minimise the effect of body weight, as there is an expected interaction between body weight and acquisition of photosensitivity - where birds become photosensitive earlier when on an accelerated growth curve (Dunn & Sharp, 1990; Lewis et al., 2007). From 123 to 224 d of age, one or two birds from each room were sacrificed weekly, and the left and right testis were removed and weighed. This time period was to ensure that the range in testis development would be recorded for each treatment. The remaining birds were trained to produce semen using a modified method of Lake (1957), and the age at which birds first produced semen was recorded.
After slaughter, the shanks and wings were removed and frozen for later measurement. After thawing, the bones were boiled to facilitate cleaning, and the following measurements were taken, with vernier callipers, from at least six birds per treatment: shank length (SL), shank diameter (SD) at the narrowest point and humerus length (HL). Relative asymmetry (RA) was defined as the ratio of the absolute value of asymmetry (L-R) divided by the value for the size of the bilateral trait as expressed in the equation:
RA = (|L - R|/[(L + R)/2]) * 100 (Yang et al., 1997).
Blood was collected from three males in each room at 123, 130, 137, 158, 168, 197, 224 and 351 d of age, the serum extracted and frozen for later analysis. After thawing, the serum samples were analysed for testosterone using an enzyme immunoassay kit (DSL-10-4000 Active ® Testosterone enzyme immunoassay kit of Diagnostic Systems Laboratories, Inc. 445 Medical Center Blvd. Webster, Texas 77598-4217 USA) which has been validated for use in poultry (Mohan et al., 2002).
Bilateral traits and the left (L) and right (R) testis weights were subjected to a Student's t-test to determine whether these bilateral measurements differed significantly one from the other overall, and within each treatment. As the output from the testes is a result of the production from both testes, the average testis weight was used in further analyses. The data for L-R of each bilateral trait were tested for normality using the NORMTEST procedure in Genstat (2008). Regression analysis was performed for L-R testis weight, L-R testis weight RA, L-R SL, L-R SL RA, L-R SD, L-R SD RA, L-R HL and L-R HL RA.
A Gompertz growth curve was fitted to the average testis weights, measured in sampled birds over time, for each treatment, to determine the point of inflexion - the age at most rapid testis growth (t*). Two outliers in the 77 d photostimulation treatment were removed to enable a Gompertz curve to be fitted. Genstat (2008) was used for all statistical analyses.
Ethical approval by the University of KwaZulu-Natal Ethics Committee was obtained prior to the start of the experiment.
Results and Discussion
There was no significant difference between the earliest and latest mean age at first semen production of males on all treatments (Table 1). Males photostimulated at 56 and 77 d, produced semen as early as 133 d. Males photostimulated at 161 d had a mean age at first semen production earlier than the age at photostimulation (Table 1). Thus, in this case, testis development and spermatogenesis had preceded photostimulation, the time from the start of spermatogenesis to the appearance in the ejaculate being between 13 and 15 d (de Reviers, 1968). Therefore, it would appear that the age at photostimulation had no influence on the mean age when semen production was first observed.
The age at which testis growth was most rapid (t*) was earlier, in all cases, than the predicted age at 50% production in females, which was calculated as a more accurate indicator of sexual maturity in females than age at first egg, as not all pullets lay on consecutive days after the first egg (Lewis et al., 2007) (Figure 1). It appears as if males and females exhibit a similar response to photostimulation when using t* as an indicator of sexual maturity, rather than the age at which semen is first observed or produced, although t* is a measure of testis development, rather than sexual maturity. Although it may be expected that males would naturally reach sexual maturity before their female counterparts, the apparent earlier development may not necessarily be accompanied by the production of functional spermatozoa during the rapid growth phase - this aspect possibly being delayed until the testes have reached their mature weight.
A difference in the pattern of response to photostimulation of males compared to females is that t* increases with photostimulation after 98 d (Figure 1). This is probably due to the initiation of the rapid growth phase before photostimulation. Therefore, regardless of age at photostimulation, testis growth will still be initiated, and these points are not in response to age at photostimulation, but rather to spontaneous maturation. In female broiler breeders, photostimulated after 130 d, the response curve appears similar to that seen in males in Figure 1, where age at sexual maturity is delayed (Ciacciariello, 2003) and is thought to be due to spontaneous maturation and not as a result of lighting treatment. Because t* was similar for males photostimulated at 56, 77, 147 and 161 d, it appears that photostimulation at 56 and 77 d was too early to elicit a photosexual response in most males. These males thus responded as if reared on 16 h, while those photostimulated at 147 and 161 d initiated sexual development close to or before photostimulation.
For male broiler breeders across all treatments, the left testis weight was heavier than the right in 75.6% of the cases (Figure 2), which concurs with most reports (Hocking, 1992; Wolanski et al., 2004) and shows directional asymmetry (Møller, 1994). Møller (1994) also showed that, in barn swallows and house sparrows, the greater the directional asymmetry, in the form of a higher volume of the left testis compared to the right, the greater the phenotypic quality, as measured by the expression of the secondary sexual characteristics. Although this would be an added advantage in birds that have flight requirements, in this study, directional asymmetry was interpreted as a reliable indicator of developmental stability, as two large testes would have a higher immuno-suppressive cost of androgen production (Zuk et al., 1995) and the right testis was thought to play a more compensatory role, with symmetry resulting from an increased right testis, indicating a lower performance of the left testis.
In chickens, McGary et al. (2003) found no overall relationship between degree of fluctuating asymmetry of the secondary sexual traits (wattle length, width and area) and male fertility potential, as measured by macroscopic assessment of the germinal disc and sperm penetration of the perivitelline membrane. However, greater dorsal pelvic width asymmetry in one strain was associated with lower estimated fertility, but it is not clear how pelvic width was considered to be a bilateral trait.
This is in contrast with other studies measuring morphological traits, which suggest that fluctuating asymmetry, as a measure of developmental stability, is a reflection of genetic or environmental stress, and has been suggested, and used, to measure genetic stress (Yang et al., 1997; Yang & Siegel, 1998) and welfare and environmental stress (Møller et al., 1999; Yalcin et al., 2001) in poultry.
The L and R testis weights were shown by the t-test to be significantly different for males on each treatment, except for those birds photostimulated at 161 d, where the L and R testis weights were the same. The other bilateral traits measured also showed directional asymmetry, except for HL, which showed a skew distribution. There was no effect of photoperiodic treatment on the degree of RA of SL, SD or HL. Therefore it is hard to determine whether the directional asymmetry observed in testis weights is an adaptation advantageous to fertility, or whether all treatments other than photostimulation at 161 d impose developmental stress on the birds. This could also be the result of spontaneous testis development, rather than development in response to light.
Average testis weights clearly demonstrated that some birds respond to early stimulation while others on the same treatment remain photorefractory. Some birds photostimulated at 56 and 77 d recorded average testis weights above 2 g at 123 d of age, while the testis weights of birds photostimulated at 98 d and later remained below 2 g until 144 d. However, after 189 d, all males photostimulated at 98 d and later had an average testis weight >10 g, while the weights of those photostimulated at 56 and 77 d ranged from 1.61 to 15.58 g. Thus, early photostimulation induced a photosexual response in some birds, while causing a more prolonged delay in others. Later photostimulation resulted in a more uniform response. This suggests that the variation in the genetic composition of broiler breeders is large, where some birds respond to very early light stimulation, while others remain photorefractory. While such early stimulation would not be recommended in practice, it would be useful to capitalise on the genetics of such birds as a means of eliminating photorefractoriness in broiler breeders.
While the males were fed to reach the target body weights recommended by the breeder, there was a normal distribution in the body weight of birds within a treatment, and there may also be an environmental effect of the response to light based on the degree of body reserves to allocate to testis development.
There was no photoperiodic effect on serum testosterone concentration which, from 123 to 224 d, remained below 6 ng/mL for males on all treatments, except for two birds sampled at 137 d that recorded concentrations of 9.6 ng/mL (photostimulated at 77 d) and 7.5 ng/mL (photostimulated at 98 d). However, at 351 d, near the end of the production cycle, the same variation in response to photoperiod observed when measuring t* was also evident (Figure 3), with birds photostimulated earlier than 119 d exhibiting either high or low serum testosterone concentrations, contrasting with a more even spread among males photostimulated at 119 d and later. It would be interesting to know whether early responders initiated gonadal regression earlier or later than non-responders towards the end of the season, as this could inform breeding companies of the value of selecting for responders among males.
Where male and female broiler breeders are reared on the same lighting programme, males are likely to attain sexual maturity before females, which is necessary to maximise fertility. All broiler breeder males should respond to photostimulation at 98 d or later, while some respond to earlier photostimulation. Such responders could be selected and utilised in a breeding programme to eliminate seasonality in broiler breeders. Such a genotype would be useful in production systems using open-sided houses, where short daylengths cannot be applied during the rearing period, resulting, at present, in differences in fertility between in-season and out-of-season flocks.
The authors would like to thank Ross Poultry Breeders in South Africa, and the NRF for a Thuthuka grant. Thanks also to M. Ciacciariello for comments on the final draft.
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# Corresponding author. E-mail: email@example.com


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A Chat With Tomme Arthur About Lost Abbey's Ultimate Box Set
Chatting about beer with the folks who make it.
The Lost Abbey is giving their Saints and Sinners ethos a rock star spin. Each month this year, the brewery is releasing a new beer that calls back on the imagery of heaven and hell in classic rock anthems. The only catch: if you want to try the beers, you have to go to the brewery. Every bottle sold is opened and poured for you in the tasting room.
My wife and I happened to be in California visiting friends when they released Track #2, so we braved President's Day weekend traffic and drove down to the brewery. (There's not much quite as hard rock as sitting in bumper-to-bumper Southern California traffic in a Prius, right?)
For Track #2, inspired by Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven," the brewers dug into their back catalog of barrels and blended Bourbon barrel-aged versions of The Angel's Share and Cuvee de Tomme along with their spontaneously fermented Project X and threw in a load of peaches and sour cherries for good measure. The resulting murky, dark mahogany concoction clocked in at 12.5% and came on strong with bourbon barrel and cherry in the aroma. Dark, vinous fruit followed along with vanilla and a vinegar note. Sweet peach and caramel backed up a balanced sourness. It ended a bit leathery, with a well-masked level of alcohol. Overall, it was a complex beer worthy of its namesake.
Last Saturday Lost Abbey released Track #3. Inspired by the AC/DC screamer "Hell's Bells," Track #3 is a pale sour blend that includes Phunky Duck, the base beer for the brewery's award-winning Duck-Duck-Gooze.
Tomme Arthur, co-founder and director of brewery operations at Lost Abbey & Port Brewing, took time earlier this month to give us the back story on their Ultimate Box Set.
How'd you come up with the idea for the Ultimate Box Set?
Over the summer of 2011, I found myself driving home with the windows rolled down and stereo cranked. The iPod was set to shuffle a bunch of rock anthems. It hit me that these songs were perfect vehicles for inspiration and the thematic concerns of our brewery. If you've ever seen VH1 Behind the Music, you know that those guys partied their asses off and in many ways empowered a lifestyle that was WAY more Sinner then Saint. So it made sense to me to use their music as inspiration for beers. In keeping with the notion of music, the release really tied into a box set as a way of showcasing classic riffs and new spins on things we've done over the years.
When did you start creating these beers?
I think last August I sat down with Mike Rodriguez, our head brewer, and laid out the road map for how we could attack this. There were already many experimental barrels in the programs so it was easy to look into the crystal ball and imagine some things going on. We were getting ready to put some Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in barrels, so that became Track #1.
What came first, the ideas for the beers or their matching songs?
The list of 12 songs was developed and then some of the beers directly corresponded to the music and others are just part of the set. For example, we'll have a beer later this fall inspired by "The Devil Went Down to Georgia." This will be a barleywine aged in bourbon barrels with peaches and black tea.
Have you planned out all of the beers in the set, or are some still in development?
Loosely, I think we have defined about 8 to 9 of the total beers. We have a running list of things in our head that we "can" imagine doing. It really all depends on how the barrels taste and whisper to us. We are set through Track #6 at this point and we're moving to secure the beers for 7 through 9, which is always where we knew there was some opportunity to monkey around even more.
The Track #2 blend included a wild beer called Project X, can you tell us a little more about that?
Project X barrels are spontaneously fermented barrels, meaning that we have not added any cultures to the barrels. It's a bit of wild card in terms of what we get. For Track #2 the blend needed some acid to bring out the fruit notes and keep the beer from being too one dimensional I think the addition of the X factor was justly needed and rewarding in the beer.
Are all of the Box Set Tracks going to be barrel-aged beers with Brett?
The early tracks will all feature wild yeasts and bugs. We felt they would age nicely as the summer went on and not deviate from the original monthly tastings that our consumers are getting a glimpse at each month. Later in the sequence, we'll start to see some non-bugged barrels and blends appear as well.
What's the plan once all 12 Tracks have been released?
There will be a release day in the fall. We haven't confirmed that date yet, but we expect a great turnout. We will be releasing 450 complete sets and, for the first time, the consumer will have a chance to open a bottle of these beers away from our brewery. It's a very long process this year that involves lotteries each quarter based upon consumption at the brewery during each of the releases. Needless to say, we anticipate the box sets to be in high demand when they are finally unleashed.
What else do you have in the pipeline? What can we look forward to this year from Lost Abbey?
Red Poppy is on the bottling line today. We expect 1,200 cases of this year's batch with only a smattering of draft for Southern California. We acquired some cognac barrels last fall and have a new beer slumbering in these as well with high hopes for sure. Framboise de Amorosa and Hop 15 make their comeback along with Hot Rocks in April. It's a busy time of year around here for sure.
About the Author: Jonathan Moxey is a Harlem-based homebrewer, BJCP beer judge, and Cicerone Certified Beer Server. He hosts private beer tastings for Tapped Craft Beer Events.
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CLEVELAND (AP) Russ Canzler is back with the Indians. Nick Swisher is on his way.
Canzler, who was designated for assignment last month, was reclaimed by Cleveland on Wednesday. Canzler had been designated for assignment last month when the Indians signed free agent first baseman Mark Reynolds.
Canzler could become the Indians' full-time designated hitter if the club doesn't make any more moved in what has been a busy offseason.
On Thursday, the club is expected to introduce Swisher, who agreed to terms on a four-year, $56 million deal in December. Swisher will take a physical, and as long as there are no holdups, the 32-year-old will be introduced at a press conference in Progressive Field. Swisher fills a hole in right field after the Indians traded Shin-Soo Choo to the Cincinnati Reds as part of a three-team, nine-player swap.
Swisher's deal includes a $14 million option for 2017 that could become guaranteed based on plate appearances the previous year.
Swisher spent the last four seasons with the New York Yankees. A switch-hitter, he batted .272 in 2012 with 24 homers and 93 RBIs. The Indians are counting on him to bring power to a lineup that hit just 136 homers - second-fewest in the AL.
The Indians are also expected to finalize their deal with right-hander Brett Myers, who agreed to a one-year, $7 million deal on Tuesday. Myers, too, must pass a physical before he can be added to the roster.
To make room for Canzler, right-hander Jeanmar Gomez was designated for assignment.
Canzler batted .269 with three homers and 11 RBIs in 26 games last season for Cleveland after spending most of the year at Triple-A Columbus. The 26-year-old batted .265 with 22 homers and 79 RBIs in 130 games for the Clippers.
Gomez opened last season in the Indians' starting rotation, but was sent to the minors June 24 with a 4-7 record and 5.18 ERA. He was recalled Aug. 29 and spent the remainder of the season in Cleveland. Gomez finished 5-8 with a 5.96 ERA in 17 starts.


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|South Korean rapper Psy in Los Angeles, California, in this November 18, 2012 file photo.
It's harder to stumble into viral video fame these days. But YouTube has just released a list of the top ten videos that managed to find massive viral viewership this year.
Five years ago, when YouTube pieced together its first list of the year's top ten videos, many were accidental home videos or amateurish films never designed for widespread consumption, said Kevin Allocca, a trends manager for the company.
With nine of the ten videos that made this year's YouTube list coming from professional producers, making a video that appears to be an accidental hit is becoming increasingly typical. The list was released Tuesday morning.
"There are more and more people who know how to build an audience, how to use YouTube," Allocca said. "There are companies who spend millions and millions of dollars trying to do create these videos."
The only video on this year's list not professionally produced was "Facebook Parenting," a brash video that shows a father shooting his daughter's laptop after she used it to make disparaging and profane remarks about him.
It created a wealth of controversy, with some parents appreciating the "hard love" parenting style, while others saying he went overboard.
The list, topped by the ubiquitous "Gangnam Style," was cobbled together primarily by views. But YouTube also considered how many times the video had been shared, parodied and commented on by users.
Several other trends emerged from this year's list, Allocca said. The most-popular videos are generally growing lengthier — this year's longest, "Kony 2012″ spanned 31 minutes. It also attracted more than 30 million page views during a single day in March, giving it the all-time 24-hour record.
Also, more of the videos are drawing worldwide appeal, Allocca said, citing "Gangnam Style." Its catchy beat crossed oceans, even if many of the listeners had no clue what the lyrics meant.
Given the 2012 election, politics certainly tinged this year's list: videos of Obama and Romney were viewed more than two billion times, according to YouTube. The most popular video? "Epic Rap Battles: Obama vs. Romney," which featured two hilarious rappers — albeit ones that didn't look much like the candidates.
"I'm not gonna let this battle be dictated by facts," a Romney impersonator rhymes to open the video. "I'm rich. I've got fat stacks and super PACs."
Here are this year's top 10 videos, along with brief descriptions. What were your favorites? What videos should have been included?
1) PSY – Gangnam Style: Do you know what this video is really about? Do you care? Just keep dancing.
2) Walk off the Earth: This was the year's most popular cover song, with more than 140 million views.
3) KONY 2012: Even though this video lasted more than 30 minutes, it attracted more than 30 million viewers during a single day in March, giving it the all-time 24 hour record.
4) Call Me Maybe - Bieber, Gomez, Pena: Even economic writers were using the lyrics of this song to explain the complications of the euro zone crisis.
5) Epic Rap Battles – Obama vs. Romney: Why watch the candidates discuss substantive issues when you can watch impersonators blend half-truthful caricatures into hilarious rap battles?
6) Dramatic Surprise: More people watched this video of a mysterious sign in the middle of a Flemish square than the population. Keep calm and carry on, people.
7) Why You Asking All Them Questions: Why do girls ask so many questions? Why did more than 39 million people watch this video? Where did they get that delicious fried chicken?
8) Lindsey Stirling: C'mon. You knew dubstep – mixed with a violin — would be on the list. Right? Welcome to 2012.
9) Facebook Parenting: This dad, whose daughter disparaged him on her Facebook FB -1.08% account, wasn't happy. So he took her laptop into a field and peppered it with a barrage of bullets. Seems logical, right?
10) Stratos Highlights: Why was Felix Baumgartner jumping from 128,000 feet into our atmosphere? No clue, but eight million people tuned in to watch live.