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Lady Flames roll over Reston Raiders
January 27, 2013 | Lynchburg, Va.
Senior forwards Carly Peleshok and Stacey McCombe each netted two goals to lift Liberty University's Division I women's hockey team to a 6-1 victory over the Reston Raiders Sunday afternoon at the LaHaye Ice Center.
Friday's snowfall cut the weekend series in half as the Reston Raiders delayed their travel plans from Northern Virginia on Saturday. Liberty (18-2) quickly made up for the lost ice time, racking up three goals in the first period to take control.
Jenny MacArthur started the scoring for the Lady Flames in the first period off an assist from McCombe at the 12:44 mark.
Five-and-a-half minutes later, McCombe recorded an unassisted goal, taking the puck out of Liberty's end, skating all the way down the ice, and beating the Raiders' goalkeeper with a shot to the upper netting.
Late in the first period, McCombe put the Lady Flames up 3-0 off assists from MacArthur and Courtney Fischer.
"That was a really good pass out of our end by Courtney," Liberty University head coach Paul Bloomfield said. "MacArthur took the pass, played it up and passed it to Stacey and she put it on net."
Reston finally got on the scoreboard at the 15:12 mark of the second period by taking advantage of a defensive breakdown by the Lady Flames, intercepting an outlet pass before scoring on a putback of a shot blocked by freshman goalie Kristina Toppazzini.
"She made the first save, there was a little rebound and they caught her flat-footed," Bloomfield said, noting the first shot got her out of position for the follow. "Toppazzini did a good job overall. It was a good opportunity for her to play and get some confidence."
Less than three minutes later, the Lady Flames extended their lead back to three goals when Peleshok converted off assists from sophomore center Keely Beisinger and freshman defender Fowler.
Then, with 5:02 left in the second period, Peleshok scored again, unassisted this time during a Reston power play, to make it 5-1.
"Her goal was even more spectacular because we were shorthanded," Bloomfield said. "We were killing a penalty and she intercepted one of their passes and she just took off. That's why we have her on the penalty kill, because she's very quick and she can beat their girls to the races."
Finally, less than three minutes into the third period, Carrie Jickling capped the scoring with another unassisted goal.
"She's pretty quick, too," Bloomfield said. "She's just a freshman and she's coming into her game. She got a breakaway and their goalie couldn't stop her.
"We've got two or three girls who have pretty good speed and they can capitalize when those opportunities come."
Though it came against a non-conference team, the win could help solidify the Lady Flames' No. 1 ranking in this week's ACHA DI poll.
"I imagine we'll still be up there," Bloomfield said. "If we're not, it'll be because we didn't play a conference game" since splitting games at No. 4 Robert Morris last weekend.
The Lady Flames welcome 10th-ranked Colorado State to LaHaye this weekend for two games on Friday, at 8:30 a.m. and 7:30 p.m., and a third on Saturday at 7:30 p.m.
"They're kind of a mystery team because they're not very highly ranked, but they've beaten a couple of the top teams," Bloomfield said.
The Rams (9-6-1) have plenty of incentive to upset the Lady Flames as they are seeking to move up in the rankings and earn one of the eight bids to the national tournament.
"These games are all very important for the last ranking," Bloomfield said. "They're better this year than they have been in the past and they could have a chance of getting in if they beat us all three games, but they better not."
Liberty has advanced to nationals four times since 2006, but never as the No. 1 seed.
This year, the ACHA national tournament will be played March 6-10 in Ashburn, Va., outside of Washington, D.C.


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NEA President Dennis Van Roekel addresses the 91st Representative Assembly
WASHINGTON - July 02, 2012 -
NEA President Dennis Van Roekel opened the Association's 91st Representative Assembly today with a challenge to members to stand up for their profession and come together in a united mission to transform America's public schools into world class institutions of learning.
Following are Van Roekel's remarks as prepared for delivery.
Welcome to the 150th Annual Meeting and the 91st Representative Assembly. Thank you – thank you for that warm reception … and thank you, Lily, for the kind introduction.
I want to first acknowledge both Lily and Becky - simply amazing. Not only for their incredible talents and skills – but for their courage, their leadership, and their complete understanding of what it means to collaborate and work as partners. You two inspire me every day – I can't imagine doing this job without you.
I want to also acknowledge the Executive Committee and Board of Directors – what a fantastic job you do! Your commitment to students and public education is so evident – and I see your dedication to this organization and our members in everything you do. You make me proud and honored to be your colleague.
And to all of you – each and every one of you in this room – thank you for your passion and commitment.
This has been a challenging year for our country. I know it has also challenged you, as well as our members back home. Not just in some states, but in EVERY state.
I know how hard you worked – to stand up for our members and to serve our students, from pre-K to graduate. And you do it each and every day – it's who you are – it's what we do.
In the rush of daily events, we don't always take time to reflect upon the profound TRUST placed in us - or the enormous difference we make in the lives of so many students.
It's funny how an everyday thing, something that seems ordinary and routine, can also take on powerful significance. I remember one special day, many years ago, when I drove my two sons to school – they were in first and third grade.
As I pulled up to the school, I gave them each a kiss and a hug before they hopped out of the car. As I watched those two little guys walk up the main sidewalk onto the playground to join the many students there, I was suddenly struck by such a powerful feeling – and I remember, to this day, exactly what went through my mind.
I was hoping that every adult at that school understood that I just given them, the most precious gift in my life – my children.
I wanted them to realize how important it was, to me, for those two little guys to have a great day … to learn, to smile, to laugh, and to end the day feeling good and eager to return to school the next day.
I think every parent feels that way. Whether they're sending their child off to first grade, or leaving them in the dorm room for their first day of college. It's routine, it happens every day, yet it's extraordinary.
Parents are bringing their students to us - literally putting their future in our hands. Entrusting us with the most important part of their world.
We do not take that trust lightly … We never forget the importance of our work as we help shape and influence the lives of almost every student in America.
Because we, the more than three million members of the National Education Association – WE … EDUCATE … AMERICA.
We Educate America!
From pre-school to community colleges to graduate schools
Students from every zip code, students of every age.
And at this time – in a world of competition and a world of change – our work is so important to our country.
Our work not only opens the door of opportunity for students – it drives the economy, and it fuels the engine of democracy.
We're everywhere. We're in the classroom, the library, the computer lab, the college campuses.
We're there every day – driving the buses, preparing the food, keeping the school clean and safe.
We coach the teams, advise the clubs, counsel the students who just need to talk.
We educate to realize America's dreams – it is OUR work … OUR profession.
But that sure doesn't stop everyone from having an opinion on how to do our work, does it?
We all know, there are plenty of people who are eager to offer advice … or worse, try to impose their ideas on our profession.
Bloggers, columnists, elected officials and self-proclaimed "reformers" – they are constantly weighing in about public education.
I mean, they have an opinion on everything – the WHO, the WHAT, the WHEN, the WHERE and the HOW – about public education.
The "WHO" they love to talk about and blame are teachers – as if this disjointed and underfunded system is the fault of those who teach.
But the real problem is the profiteers and mega-rich Wall Street folks who created an economic crises that has our country and the world reeling.
And the solution isn't to attack educators; it's to give RESPECT … THAT's what will attract talented young people to become teachers and Education Support Professionals!
The other part of the "WHO" in education is the students, and the demographics are rapidly changing. The majority of America's students will soon be ethnic minorities, and one in five children in our country today lives in poverty. Instead of focusing on solutions to help students, too many keep looking for ways to maximize profits.
And by the way, educators can't do everything ourselves. We know that we have to partner with parents, with business leaders, with people in the community, to create great public schools. We all have a role to play.
As far as WHAT we teach, that has also changed dramatically. No Child Left Behind, with its emphasis on standardized tests, has distorted public education by narrowing the curriculum and eliminating programs.
We spend endless time getting students ready for and taking standardized tests - all at the expense of literature that inspires students, or history that helps them understand, or the arts that help them express themselves.
The WHERE discussion in education is all over the map, with advocates for home schooling, charter schools, private schools, and of course, neighborhood schools. And with today's technology, "where" doesn't even have to be a specific place; it's anywhere, with online courses, blended learning, flipped classrooms, massive online open courses.
And the WHEN discussion? Well, they say we no longer live in an agrarian society, so why shouldn't students attend school all year? There are debates about a longer day and a longer school year.
Everybody talks about the "when," with one glaring exception – EARLY CHILDHOOD education.
The importance of early childhood education is obvious, the research is clear.
I know of no family of means that denies that experience for their own children. Yet there is an almost total silence about providing the same opportunity for "other people's children" – for ALL of America's children.
And when you turn to the discussion of HOW education ought to be delivered – the flood gates open!
Everyone seems to know how WE ought to do OUR job. Too often it's "Test the students, then test them some more" crowd. They want to Use those test scores to evaluate teachers, label students, and embarrass schools.
They seem to have no need for evidence or research – if it makes a good sound bite, they say, "Go for it!"
Amid all this talk about the who, what, when, where and how of public education, almost no one talks about the WHY of public education.
And that should be the starting point – because we have to answer that question before we ask the others.
If you ask our members – regardless of membership category - why they chose to work in education …why they teach … why they drive the school buses … counsel students, prepare food … why they are a nurse, why they clean the classrooms … the answer always comes down to the same thing.
It's about STUDENTS. It's ALWAYS about them.
So what is the purpose of PUBLIC education in the 21st Century? Why does it need to exist? What do we want it to achieve for students, for society, for America?
The purpose of public education is access and equity! That's why it's public!
Public education makes America STRONG. Studying history and civics help students become good citizens. Public education is the vehicle to teach American values and ideals – values like a just society, democracy, and equal opportunity.
And in a nation where equal OPPORTUNITY is one of our most deeply held values, education is the key that OPENS the DOOR to economic opportunity, for people from ALL backgrounds.
That's why leaders from Thomas Jefferson to Martin Luther King Jr. have understood the importance of education in our society.
Another obvious answer to the "why" question is student learning, the academic side of education.
Not a curriculum narrowed to fit the confines of high stakes standardized tests … but a rich curriculum that includes art, music, history, sports, drama, science …
A whole world of possibilities to explore … a whole universe that can inspire.
Education should prepare young people for the future, and help them discover their passion.
But there's more to education than academics. So when we talk about the WHY of public education, we have to address the needs of the WHOLE CHILD.
That means including issues like health care, good nutrition, a safe family and school environment – ALL these things affect learning and impact student development.
We aren't ONLY their teacher, or their bus driver, or the person who serves their lunch – we are an adult in that child's life.
We never know when we might have an impact on their development, their growth as a person.
So we have to see them as more than a student at a desk.
One year I asked my high school math students to each write me a letter about their goals for my class, their aspirations, and to include one thing I didn't know about them, but should. That night, as I was reading 160 letters, written just for me, one jumped out and grabbed me.
She wrote, "One thing Mr. Van Roekel doesn't know about me is that my dad died two weeks before school started. I know school is important, it's just hard to feel that right now."
You realize at times like that, academics ARE important, but that's not all a student needs.
You see, sometimes kids just need somebody to listen and understand - those important things that can't be measured on a test where you bubble in the answer.
We obviously can't address all these issues by ourselves - but we can create partnerships and work with other people to meet these needs.
And we can't set education policy by ourselves – but we do have the power to influence it.
One way is through the political process, and we're going to talk about that a lot over the next few days – because the election this year is critical for public education, and it's also a turning point for the middle class in America.
And first on the list - we must do everything we can to re-elect President Barack Obama!
President Obama has earned our support. In his first term,
- He secured federal funds to keep more than 400 thousand educators working with students.
- He expanded access to health care to some 30 million Americans through the Affordable Care Act, which thankfully was upheld last week by the Supreme Court.
- He issued an Executive Order to open the door of opportunity to hundreds of thousands of students who are eligible for the Dream Act
- And just last week, he led the way to ensure that student loans remain affordable
We know the other side will out-SPEND us in this election - but we can't let them out-WORK us!
We WILL re-elect President Obama – ARE YOU READY?
Yes - We must engage in the political system.
But that isn't enough.
To help students succeed in these challenging times, we must also harness the strength of our association to take CHARGE of the teaching profession. We need to support our members to define what good teaching looks like – so others can't reduce good teaching to standardized tests.
And we must have a real say in how educators are prepared, trained and evaluated!
We're all leaders in our union and our profession. We know how to bargain for a contract … how to mobilize our members for an election … how to advocate for legislation.
And we'll keep doing all of those things, absolutely. But my question to you is this:
Are we willing to assert our leadership, and take RESPONSIBILITY for our professions?
The demands of our work are changing as our students change, and the world around us is changing too – ever so fast.
I say it is time for us to lead the next generation of professionals - in educating the next generation of students!
I'm so tired of OTHERS defining the solutions… without even asking those who do the work every day of their professional life.
I want to take advantage of this opportunity for US to lead - and I'm not waiting to be asked, nor am I asking anyone's permission.
Because if we are not ready to lead, I know there are many others ready, willing, and waiting to do it for us. Or maybe I should say, do it "to" us.
There are plenty of people outside our profession who have their own ideas about what we should be doing, how we should be evaluated, and how to improve public education – like privatization, unregulated charters, and vouchers.
Frankly, our current system allowed the market for those ideas to exist. We are part of that system – a system that has not successfully addressed the drop-out crisis and allows kids who are poor to be stuck in schools that do not meet their needs – placed into classrooms year after year with the least qualified, least experienced teachers.
It's not enough to say that most teachers are good. If there is even ONE classroom with a teacher who isn't prepared or qualified, we can't accept that.
Because this country is not about equal opportunity for MOST – it's about equal opportunity for ALL. And this country in not about all the educational opportunity you can "afford" – it's about all the educational opportunity our nation can provide – not for some but for ALL!
We stand for equity – and when we say equity, we're not talking about the Bain Capital Private Equity Corporation!
When we talk about equity, we are saying that every child, and every classroom, deserves a great teacher and great support professionals! If the solutions others are attempting to impose on us don't work for the students we serve – then we must take the responsibility to define solutions that do work – for every student.
So let's use our collective power to RAISE the level of preparation for those coming into our profession … and IMPROVE the practice of those who are already here.
We're professionals – and professionals are always looking for ways to raise their game.
And we know that ensuring student success in this fast-changing economy requires more from ALL of us.
And I believe that teachers are willing to take responsibility for student success –and they want and deserve a voice in how they're trained, supported and evaluated.
So let's demand that every educator – INCLUDING ESPs - receives the professional development and support they need to help students succeed.
Instead of waiting for someone to tell us what to teach or how to do our jobs, let US be the change we are waiting for.
Let's lead a movement for new academic standards.
Let's define the multiple measures of professional practice and evidence of student learning that we need.
And let's learn how to use data and technology in new ways.
We'll hear this week about a great program in which Education Support Professionals are visiting students' homes, building relationships with parents, and they are using data to flag problems, design interventions, and track progress.
We'll also hear about a project that is using technology to teach sciences, with embedded assessments so teachers know in real time when students don't understand a point.
These are just a couple of many examples of what is happening across the country – our local affiliates are leading the way to improve the lives of students.
And that excites and energizes me … it gives me hope … because I know the power of this union.
The world has changed and society is asking more of us … our country NEEDS more from us.
But we don't have to do it alone. We have each other … so we can do things together that none of us could POSSIBLY do by ourselves.
And not only that, but we can do things NOBODY ELSE can do.
Yes, we need help from parents, communities, business leaders … and we will work hard to create partnerships with them, especially in ethnic minority communities.
But we are NEA. WE educate America. And there are some things that we, and ONLY we, can do.
A few weeks from now, the class of 2025 will enter kindergarten. Imagine - almost four million 5-year-olds! Can't you just see those faces?
I know one of them quite well. His name is Mason Van Roekel - my youngest grandson.
And just as I did so many years ago, his parents – my son and daughter-in-law - are entrusting him to us.
They're putting his future in OUR hands … just as the parents of four million other children will be doing.
It's a long way from that first day in kindergarten until they graduate from high school. And along the way, there are so many things we must do, to make the interventions to keep them on a path to success - because their world is going to keep changing, and the challenges are immense.
Demographics? – they reflect the increasing diversity of our nation.
Technology? – they have grown up using devices that I couldn't even imagine when I began teaching. I mean, some of us still used slide rules back then.
Careers? – we can't even fathom what kind of work many of them will do.
As these students navigate through this changing world, I hope we'll constantly monitor their needs to help them stay on course.
I hope we'll adapt and try whatever tactics are necessary to reach each one of them.
I hope we'll be willing to push ourselves, to get better every day.
I hope we'll do these things, because the dreams of these children are riding on US.
Yes, it's a big responsibility – but it is not a burden, it's a joyous responsibility that we readily embrace.
We are three million strong, and we have the greatest power in the world – THE POWER TO CHANGE LIVES.
So let's USE that power!
Let's use our power as individuals, and let's use our collective strength - the power of three million working together, with passion and commitment, to improve the lives of all our students.
Let's use our power to change one CLASSROOM at a time …
Let's use our power to make PUBLIC EDUCATION stronger.
And let's use our power to make our NATION a better place, moving ever closer to our great and noble ideal of equal opportunity – not just for a fortunate FEW, but for EVERY SINGLE CHILD.
Thank you, NEA, for all that you do for the students of our country.
Thank you.
CONTACT: Stacey Grissom (202) 822-7823, firstname.lastname@example.com
VIDEO - NEA President Dennis Van Roekel Keynote Speech
NEA President Dennis Van Roekel Keynote Speech

subset: commoncrawl


text: Cuesheet Processor (CueProc) Reply #50 – 2007-05-29 20:49:50 I agree whtn madxcream. That'd be a nice feature.Overall, I find cueproc more reliable than foobar's covert tools. I'd like to use cueproc, but I need the cover art processing working for that.I also got simiar error to coffeebucket when trying to create a list of cue files.


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I'm trying to implement a program that reads binary numbers from the user and returns the equivalent in the normal (decimal) numeral system.
This is what I've come up with so far:
import java.util.Scanner; public class BinaryConverter { public static void main(String[] args) { int binary; Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in); System.out.print("Enter a binary number (0 to quit): "); binary = scan.nextInt(); String binaryString = Integer.toString(binary); while (binary != 0) System.out.println("The binary number " +binaryString +" corresponds to " +toDecimal(binaryString)+" in the decimal numeral system."); } public static double toDecimal(String binaryString) { double decValue = 0; int i = 0; for(i=0; i < binaryString.length(); i++) if (binaryString.charAt(binaryString.length() - i) == 1){ decValue = Math.pow(2, binaryString.length()- i ); } return decValue; }
My program fails to carry out this task.
What can I do to ensure that the variable decValue summarizes the result from "decValue = Math.pow(2, binaryString.length()- i " each and every time the for-loop is runned through and invokes that code?
I also get a string index out of bound error, but I can't see where the program errs.
Any help is appreciated.


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Discover for free which first names would suit you or your baby !
Meaning of name Marceli
Etymology : Polish form of MARCELLUS
Saint :
Origin : Polish
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Gender : boy
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Numbers :
Meaning of those numbers?
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Who is he?
Marceli is a secretive character, internalized and determined even though the road he travels is a slow and laborious one. A cerebral type, he thoroughly enjoys a good think. Of somewhat anxious nature, he spends a lot of time pondering the mysteries of existence and his motto might be: "I think therefore I am." He possesses a rational and analytical mind, however, because the 7 is karmic, two opposing energies can influence him in an alternate manner: the Cartesian tendency, which is responsible for his sceptical mind makes him capable of sarcasm, mockery and occasionally virulence towards those who dare to choose a different path, as well as an interest in the irrational and mystical (especially since intuition is another one of his qualities), which may lead him to explore esotericism, spirituality, astrology, astronomy or even alchemy... The intensity of his master number 22 decidedly pushes him to follow royal roads... One might assume that Marceli is an asocial sort who spends his life with his nose in a book, however this is hardly the case. He even comes across as warm, friendly and communicative, especially when a topic passions him, and he enjoys the company of others and meeting new people. He is undeniably seductive but he doesn´t abuse this power, being a man of depth, sincerity and reliability. As a child, he is highly inquisitive and his parents might learn a thing or two themselves as they try to keep up with his endless questions. Encourage him to socialize and teach him the value of sharing and exchange because he otherwise could live in autarky, perfectly self-sufficient. With the 7 and the 4, he senses that he is somehow different from other children - especially once he has passed his thirteenth birthday, and incidentally this would be the ideal time for him to take up an artistic hobby.
What does he like?
He enjoys research and analysis in a quiet and peaceful setting and is fascinated by anything that is original or avant-garde. His romantic life isn´t simple, because his active number 52 generally means that relationships with the opposite sex are full of challenges. Modest, apprehensive and reserved, his apparent frostiness can be disconcerting. Furthermore, he prefers to be alone than in bad company. If life as part of a couple doesn´t do it for to him, he could remain single for a long time, or he may choose a less conformist romantic road that allows him greater independence.
Get your free Personality test card now !!
What does he do?
Without a shadow of a doubt, Marceli is ambitious, hardworking and an opportunist. Patience is one of his qualities and success is definitely within reach... He may choose to exercise a profession in one of the following domains: research, the natural sciences (mathematics, physics, chemistry...), or avant-garde, the disciplines concerning the human race and its future (psychology, astrology, education, archeology, ecology...), or its well-being (counselling, reformer), international relations, or a career within a large company (senior management positions... if his master number is predominant and he knows how to use it).
Discover others boys first names : Maalik Maamar Maan
*To note: :
It sometimes happens that two different first names have the same meaning. This has nothing surprising: both first names have the same figures of numerology. It is as in astrology: two persons belonging to the same sign present the same characteristic...
Names compatibility
Test the compatibility of your names to know if your love relation is lucky to succeed. Friendship, love or passion?
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Your Name Horoscope !
Thanks to the numerology, we propose you daily a horoscope personalized for your first name. Love, money , Shape: discover what waits for you for today. In Bonus every day find your daily lucky figure .. Horoscope of the first names
Love :Couples: Harmony will once again reign between the two of you. Singles: Make the most of your own company, you are unlikely to meet "the one" today.
Money :Today is a perfect day to clarify your financial objectives.
Health:You're lacking in calcium and vitamin D Marceli . Get enough sunshine and eat plenty of brocolli to keep your bones healthy!
Your Lucky number : 49


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Tag Archives: Leigh-on-Sea
FWA Q&A: Neil HarmanNEIL HARMAN on chatting with Sir Matt...Contemplation Point...and wonderful Fox pies
Have you ever worked in a profession other than football?
If you count marking up the newspapers for delivery as a 14-year-old in Leigh-on-Sea and then doing shifts before and after school behind the counter in the same local newsagents, I suppose that's my only other profession. I left school at 16 and joining the Evening Echo, based in Basildon as a junior sports reporter and from there it has been journalism all the way.
Tags: Bangor City, Bill Fox, Bill McNeill, Billericay, Blackburn, Bobby Moore, David Walsh, Elland Road, Evening Echo, Leigh-on-Sea, liverpool, Mike Ingham, Neil Harman, Newcastle, Peter Jones, Real Madrid, Ron Atkinson, Sir Matt Busby, Stan Collymore, Steve Curry


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Three children were killed in separate incidents when their homes collapsed during heavy rains in Limpopo over the weekend, authorities said on Sunday.
Vhembe district municipality spokesperson Matodzi Mulaudzi said the municipality's disaster management team received the reports about the deaths of two boys and a girl on Sunday morning.
"A helicopter was sent to a house in Mutele D Village, where it was reported that a girl was killed after a house collapsed on her on Sunday morning," said Mulaudzi.
The helicopter was sent after the municipality's disaster management team was unable to gain access to the village in their vehicles because Mutele River was overflowing.
Two other children were killed in two separate villages in Malamule.
Police spokesperson Colonel Ronel Otto confirmed the death of two boys who were killed when their homes collapsed in Malamulele on Saturday night and Sunday morning.
thunder & lightning
Mpumalanga police spokesperson Colonel Leonard Hlathi said three people were killed when lightning struck their houses in Piet Retief during heavy thunderstorms on Saturday morning.
Also in Mpumalanga, an eight-year-old boy was believed to have been swept away in Tonga by the streams and a 67-year-old woman killed after her mud-constructed house fell on her. "The Tonga area near Komatipoort has been hardest hit by the bad weather in the province with three vehicles having been reported as being swept away by the Nkomazi River," said Hlathi.
These included a traffic department vehicle, with an unconfirmed number of occupants, an ambulance with two paramedics inside, and a private car with two occupants inside.
Hlathi said the paramedics were rescued by members of the police water wing.
"Two occupants in the private vehicle were rescued by members of the SA National Defence Force," he said.
Other survivors were rescued after they managed to hold on to the trees on the side of the roads until help was found.
roads closed in KZN
KwaZulu-Natal provincial spokesperson Lennox Mabaso said some roads had to be closed on Saturday after heavy rains blocked several drainage systems in the northern parts of the province.
"A disaster management team was mobilised and sent to Empangeni to clear several roads where the water drainage systems were blocked," said Mabaso.
He said a disaster management team had since been activated and was monitoring the situation.
On Friday, 31 houses were flooded at Kanana in the North West, officials said on Sunday. Provincial spokesperson Lesiba Kgwele said a disaster management team was assessing the damages.
"No other serious crisis were reported including at our borders where we were expecting an influx of visitors from Botswana for the Cup of African," said Kgwele.
Gauteng authorities said no serious incidents were reported in the province during the recent heavy rains.
Source: Howzit MSN


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Adrian Beltre's single rallies Rangers past Athletics
ARLINGTON, Texas -- Adrian Beltre slowed down as he rounded first base, folded his arms and bent over to protect himself from the oncoming rush of Texas Rangers teammates.
Even though he's been hurting, Beltre keeps producing for the American League West leaders.
Beltre singled home the winning run in the ninth inning Monday night, after tying the game two innings earlier with his 35th homer, and the Rangers rallied past Oakland 5-4 to stretch their division lead over the Athletics to five games with nine to play.
When Beltre hit a hard grounder through the middle, sending home pinch runner Craig Gentry, Rangers players poured out of the dugout and toward their third baseman, who is dealing with stomach pain caused by what doctors believe is scar tissue from appendix surgery more than a decade ago.
"This guy doesn't think about anything but doing what he has to do for his team, and he certainly came up big for us," manager Ron Washington said. "Come up in that situation with the bases loaded and not try to do anything but make hard contact, and he did. Just can't say enough about Adrian Beltre."
It was the first of seven meetings in the last 10 days of the regular season between the two-time defending AL champion Rangers and the A's, who have lost six of eight after winning 17 of 21.
Oakland has a two-game lead over the Los Angeles Angels for the second AL wild card.
"It's one game. We have to bounce back. We did that in both Detroit and New York. We lost some tough ones and bounced back," manager Bob Melvin said. "It would have been nice to start off with a win in the series, but you have to move on from it."
Surgery might be the only way for Beltre to ease his physical pain, but he has said that won't even be an option until after the season.
Beltre insists he's not playing hurt any more than anybody else right now. He was in top form for the opener of a big four-game series.
"He's playing incredible right now. ... He continues to pick us up big," teammate Ian Kinsler said. "Anytime you've got a guy like that behind Josh Hamilton, it's dangerous. To get Josh back in the lineup, it obviously gives our offense a little bit of a boost because they have to pitch to Josh, and if they don't pitch to Josh, then they have to face Adrian. So it's kind of pick your poison with those two guys."
The Rangers got the ninth started with consecutive singles by Mitch Moreland and Kinsler before Elvis Andrus' sacrifice bunt. Hamilton, who had already hit his major league-best 43rd homer after missing the previous five games with a cornea issue, was intentionally walked to load the bases. Fans started chanting, "M-V-P! M-V-P!" as Beltre stepped to the plate against Tyson Ross (2-11).
Beltre hit a two-run homer with two outs in the seventh to tie the game at 4, a shot that came with Hamilton on base.
"Every game for us is big," Beltre said. "Especially facing the team right behind us. We want to clinch as early as we can so we can set up the pitching rotation [for the playoffs]."
And maybe get their third baseman some rest.
Joe Nathan (3-4), the sixth Rangers pitcher, struck out two in the ninth. That included a strikeout of Seth Smith as Stephen Drew was caught stealing to end the inning.
A's rookie right-hander Dan Straily struck out eight and left with a 4-2 lead after 6 2/3 innings with Hamilton due to bat and the bases empty.
Jerry Blevins walked Hamilton, the only batter he faced, before Pat Neshek gave up the two-run drive to Beltre.
It was Neshek who allowed Raul Ibanez's tying, two-run homer to cap a four-run 13th inning Saturday by the AL East-leading New York Yankees, who then won on a two-out error in the 14th -- a game that Ross also lost.
Hamilton hit a 441-foot solo homer in the fifth that landed in the second deck of seats high above the Rangers' bullpen in right-center to get Texas within 3-2.
Josh Donaldson and Yoenis Cespedes homered for Oakland, and Cliff Pennington had an RBI single in the sixth.
Donaldson lined a two-run shot deep into the left-field seats in the second off Derek Holland. Cespedes hit a two-out solo homer, his 21st, for a 3-1 lead an inning later.
Holland pitched only three innings, his shortest outing since May 30 when the left-hander gave up eight runs over 1 2/3 innings in the Rangers' 21-8 home loss to Seattle.
The Rangers got an unearned run in the second when Michael Young was hit by a pitch before Donaldson's error at third base. Young scored on Moreland's bloop single that ended a string of 24 consecutive at-bats by the Rangers with runners in scoring position without a hit.
Hamilton's homer was followed by consecutive doubles by Beltre and Nelson Cruz that failed to produce a run. Beltre was picked off second after wandering too far off the base on a pitch in the dirt that catcher Derek Norris quickly recovered.
When he got to second base after doubling into the left-field corner, Beltre appeared to wince in pain. An inning later, he made a diving stop of a ball along the line that was an infield hit, but saved a run -- if only momentarily. Pennington then had an RBI single that made it 4-2.
Game notes
CF Coco Crisp was out of the A's starting lineup for the sixth game in a row because of an infection in both eyes. Melvin said Crisp has seen three doctors but his condition hasn't improved much. ... Holland is 6-0 in 10 September starts the past two seasons. ... After giving up three consecutive extra-base hits in the fifth, Straily retired the last six batters he faced.
Regular Season Series
2020 American League West Standings
|Los Angeles
MLB News
Seattle Mariners decline $14M club option on Dee Strange-Gordon
The Mariners declined their $14 million club option on infielder Dee Strange-Gordon for the 2021 season on Wednesday, making the veteran eligible for free agency.
Arizona Diamondbacks decline 2021 options for Mike Leake, Hector Rondon, Junior Guerra
The Arizona Diamondbacks have declined options for the 2021 season for right-handed pitchers Mike Leake, Hector Rondon and Junior Guerra.
Los Angeles Dodgers-Tampa Bay Rays World Series TV ratings average drops 32% below previous low
The Dodgers' six-game Series win over the Rays averaged a 5.2 rating, 12 share and 9,785,000 viewers, Nielsen Media Research said. The previous low was a 7.6 rating, 12 share and 12,660,000 viewers for the Giants' four-game sweep of the Tigers in 2012.
Snell's gem cut short by Kevin Cash in the sixth inning
Blake Snell pitches a gem for the Rays in Game 6, allowing just two hits and striking out nine in 5⅓ innings, but he is pulled by manager Kevin Cash after allowing a hit in the sixth inning.
St. Louis Cardinals not picking up 2021 option on Kolten Wong
St. Louis declined Kolten Wong's $12.5 million option for 2021, making the longtime Cardinals second baseman a free agent. The Cardinals will pay Wong a $1 million buyout.
Colorado Rockies opt for $6 million buyout to Daniel Murphy
Colorado won't pick up the $12 million option on Daniel Murphy and will instead pay a $6 million buyout to the infielder who failed to flourish in his two years with the Rockies.


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Gov. Malloy says residents no longer stranded in homes due to Connecticut flooding (photos, interactive map)
Gov. Dannel P. Malloy says he believes all Connecticut residents who needed to be evacuated from their homes are now out, or will be able to walk out this morning.
A storm surge of over 13 feet cut off homes and some beach-front neighborhoods, especially in the western Connecticut, where Long Island Sound narrows and acted like a funnel for the water.
National Guard troops assisted state and local officials in rescue efforts overnight.
"We sent crews in high-water boats, troops, reinforcements to places throughout the state," Malloy said.
The Coast Guard said it would resume a search in Milford Tuesday for a 40-year-old man who went missing Monday night.
Brian Bakunas was last seen swimming in heavy surf near the Walnut Beach Pier shortly before 8 p.m.
Nearly 625,000 homes and businesses are without power in Connecticut, with the number soaring in Connecticut's shoreline towns that were flooded by surging water from Long Island Sound.
The United Illuminating Co. reported Tuesday morning that 149,278 homes and businesses were without power, or nearly half of its customers. That's up from 90,000 on Monday evening.
Bridgeport, which is Connecticut's biggest city, had the most outages in the utility's service area, with more than 39,000 customers in the dark.
Connecticut Light & Power, the state's largest utility, reported Tuesday that 475,486 customers were without power. The utility reported outages affecting three-fourths or more of their customers in many shoreline towns.
Al Lara, a spokesman for CL&P, told WVIT-TV that restoring power will be time-consuming, but he wouldn't estimate when power will be back on.
On Monday evening Malloy said there was "no doubt" that thousands of residents could be stranded in their Shoreline homes as severe level four potential flooding appeared imminent, threatening lives.
Malloy said he would worry later at "who should have done what. What I'm most concerned with right now is the loss of human life and what we can do to prevent it."
The governor said he was issuing "a Katrina-like" warning, telling residents to get to the highest place in their homes if they are already experiencing flooding, or if necessary to their roofs.
Photos: Connecticut braces for Hurricane Sandy
Malloy called a quick press briefing at 9:15 p.m. after consulting with town officials and getting updates from the situation on Long Island.
His biggest worries were for region one, which extends from Bridgeport to Greenwich, but he also has substantial concerns for residents along the Shoreline from Old Saybrook to West Haven.
Malloy, shortly before the late press conference, asked local officials to order mandatory evacuations, something only they can do.
Level four refers to the extent of flooding and how far inland it was likely to reach, based on Army Corps of Engineer maps.
"At approximately 8 p.m. it was evident that our worst fears were being reached as a result of flooding conditions," Malloy said.
"It is evident that some folks did not urge their residents that they should evacuate to level four," Malloy said, something he has been recommending for days.
He said it was equally clear that some citizens did not heed that warning.
See outages for United Illuminating customers here. CL&P customers can check for outages here.
Malloy, speaking directly to residents through the televised press conference, told them if they were not yet flooded and could get out, they should do so as the highest tide creeps along the shore from 10 p.m. to midnight.
From New Haven west the storm was expected to send the tides to 18 feet, which is at the highest end of the projections given earlier in the day, said Roy Occhiogrosso, special assistant to Malloy.
The governor was adamant that residents already affected not attempt to walk through flood waters or drive through them.
Occhiogrosso said most towns ordered evacuations to level one, two or three, but not level four as recommended.
Asked what Malloy's mood was with the newest information, Occhiogrosso said. "Not happy."
Many residents did heed the call to evacuate.
Last year, John and Lisa Mayer rode out Tropical Storm Irene in their waterfront home in New Haven's East Shore.
Monday, that wasn't an option.
The Mayers were among thousands of shoreline residents who were packing up and leaving as Hurricane Sandy - deemed the biggest potential disaster in Connecticut history - gained strength as it moved its way up the East Coast.
With firefighters knocking on doors and reminding people of the mandatory evacuation, the Mayers were calling all over in search of a hotel room.
"Some hotels aren't even answering their phones," Lisa Mayer said.
More than 400,000 people across the state were without power just after 7:30 p.m. Monday, with hundreds of thousands more likely to end up in the dark over the next two days.
Malloy, whose tenure in Hartford has already included two historic storms - Tropical Storm Irene last August and the October Nor'Easter two months later -- warned shoreline residents in at a morning news conference to "get out before you can't."
With wind gusts beginning to pick up and with the threat of an unprecedented storm surge looming, Malloy ordered all trucks off the state's highways at 11 a.m. and all non-emergency vehicles off by 1 p.m.
Many shoreline towns had mandatory evacuations in place Sunday night, and virtually all of them had recommended evacuations.
Transportation options were limited with train and bus service stopped and Bradley Airport closingat 1 p.m.
The greatest wind speeds were expected from 3 p.m. to 3 a.m. with subsequent outages lasting "for a long period of time," Malloy said from the Emergency Management Operations Center. The winds were expected to hit 40 to 45 mph with gusts up to 90 mph.
High tide at noon was higher than during Tropical Storm Irene. At midnight, it's expected to be 7 to 11 feet above normal high tide - which has the potential to cause "unprecedented damage," Malloy said.
Register staff reporters contributed to this story.


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Senegal shock Tunisia to qualify for semi-finals of the women African Nations Champs
Senegal came from two sets down to upset Tunisia 3-2 (20-25, 19-25, 25-16, 25-22, 15-12) and qualify for their semifinal of the 2011 Women's African Nations championship after the fifth day of the competition held at Nazarene Hall in Nairobi, Kenya on Sunday.
Tunisia were forced to subdue to a compelling come back by Senegal, who many had written off as beaten after the first two sets. The loss to the fast-rising Senegal, the dark horses of the championships, cost Tunisia, runners up at the 2009 championships, a place in the semi-finals.
It has become the first ever qualification for Senegal in any senior African competition in the history after they finished the first round of pool B in the second position. Senegal improved their win- loss record to 3-1 while Tunisia dropped to 2-2 to play for the 5 to 8 positions.
Algeria top the pool after they swept Rwanda 3-0 (25-13, 25-21 ,25-15) improving their record to 4-0, as Rwanda dropped to 1-3 to play for the 5 to 8 brackets.
In Pool A, the hosts Kenya overcame old rivals, Egypt' 3-1 (25-14,25-20' 24-26, 25 -17) in a tough match to qualify for the semi-finals with the Egyptians as first and second of the pool . Kenya finished the first round with the clean sheet of 3-0 while Egypt record became 2-1.
In the same pool Cameroon beat Nigeria 3-0 (25-11, 25-15, 25-20) to finish third with 1-2 record while Nigeria became 0-3 and both team will play for the 5 to 8 places.
Day 5 results
Pool A
Cameroun v Nigeria 3-0 (25-11, 25-15, 25-20)
Egypt v Kenya 1-3 (14-25, 20-25, 26-24, 17-25)
Pool B
Tunisia v Senegal 2-3 (25-20, 25-19, 16-25, 22-25, 12-15)
Rwanda v Algeria 0-3 (13-25, 21-25, 15-25)
Program semifinal August 22
Semifinal 1-4
Kenya v Senegal Egypt v Algeria
Play off 5-8
Cameroon v Botswana Nigeria v Tunisia


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Doxa Energy, Ltd. ("Doxa") has In short order become an oil & gas production/exploration company concentrating on onshore only projects primarily in the State of Texas with a mix of unconventional (including the Eagle Ford Shale ) and conventional projects. Doxa is committed to becoming a leading oil & gas company, achieving superior financial and operating results while simultaneously utilizing sound business, social, environmental and safety practices.
To our Shareholders - We are committed to enhancing the long-term value of our shareholders by managing our business profitably and responsibly. This commitment drives the management of our Company.
Doxa will continue to concentrate on a variety of oil and gas exploration and exploitation opportunities with an appropriate mix of low, medium and high risk/reward profiles.
Doxa and ProStar Execute Definitive Merger Agreement, Provide Transaction Update
Doxa Announces Passing of Mr. G. Arnold Armstrong
Mar 14, 2011
Unconventional Oil and Gas Monitor features Doxa's Eagle Ford Shale success in their March edition on page11
Aug 16, 2010
U.S. shale gas boom beckons veteran mine builder


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CLEVELAND -- The reports on right-hander Jason Hammel's second minor league rehab start – in which he threw four innings on 57 pitches for short-season Class-A Aberdeen – were positive and the Orioles' Opening Day starter will rejoin the club in Baltimore on Thursday.
Orioles manager Buck Showalter, who said Hammel should be able to pitch Friday or Saturday at the earliest, said he believes Hammel can be used as either a starter or reliever.
"I think he still can because of the number of guys we have in bullpen," Showalter said. "We'd keep starting him down there if it was the regular season, but you don't want to carry seven pitchers and have a guy only capable of pitching four or five innings. I think with the numbers of pitchers we have, we could use him in any capacity we wanted to."
Brian Roberts will be the Orioles' designated hitter tonight for the second time in the past three games, allowing left-handed hitting Ryan Flaherty to get a start at second base before the Orioles face left-handed starters Thursday (Jose Quintana), Friday (John Danks) and Saturday (Hector Santiago) against the White Sox.
Here are tonight's starting lineups:
Brian Roberts DH
Manny Machado 3B
Chris Davis 1B
Adam Jones CF
Nick Markakis RF
Matt Wieters C
Nate McLouth LF
J.J. Hardy SS
Ryan Flaherty 2B
Zach Britton LHP
Michael Bourn CF
Nick Swisher 1B
Jason Kipnis 2B
Carlos Santana DH
Yan Gomes C
Asdrubal Cabrera SS
Ryan Raburn LF
Alex Aviles 3B
Drew Stubbs RF
Zach McAllister RHP


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Bank of American Merrill Lynch (BAC) and Wells Fargo Advisors (WFC) say they recruited some high-producing advisors and teams recently from Wall Street rivals.
On Thursday, Merrill Lynch's Private Banking & Investment Group shared the news that it added Howard Rowen from UBS Financial Services (UBS) and Halsey Smith from Deutsche Bank Securities in Los Angeles last month.
The two reps, who have formed a team, have a total of about $3 billion in assets under management. They will work in Merrill's Century Park office.
Rowen started in the business in 1991 at Lehman Brothers. He was with Alex. Brown/DBS from 1993 to 2007, before joining UBS. Smith began work at Morgan Stanley (MS) in 1989. He joined Alex. Brown in '89 and remained with the group through its merger with DBS.
Wells Fargo Recruits
WFA said Thursday that it recently hired five advisors, all of whom produce more than $1 million in yearly fees and commissions.
The Sivertson-Hughes Team, comprised of advisors Mitch Sivertson and Debbie Hughes, joined Wells Fargo Advisor's Scottsdale-Gainey branch in Arizona and now report to branch manager Robert Burghart. The team moved from UBS, where they managed more than $152 million in client assets.
Sivertson cut his teeth at Merrill Lynch for 1985 to 1998, moved to Citigroup Global Markets (C) from 1998 to 2005, when he joined UBS. Hughes first worked in the industry for Kidder Peabody, starting in 1983. She moved to UBS in 1995.
The team of Stephanie Bass and Darin Mock joined Wells Fargo in Raleigh, N.C., where they report to regional brokerage manager Stephen McKenzie. They had been with Merrill Lynch and managed more than $170 million in client assets.
Bass began work in financial services at Raymond James' (RJF) independent channel in 1998. She also was with Invest Financial, Centaura Securities, BB&T Investment Services, Bank of America Investment Services (2003) and then Merrill Lynch (2009).
Mock started his career at Edward Jones in 1993, then worked for BB&T and Wachovia before joining Bank of America in 2003.
Also joining Wells is Brian Vallow in Orland Park, Ill., where he reports to Senior Vice President John L. Yagla, complex manager for Greater Illiana. Most recently, Vallow was a financial advisor at Morgan Stanley, where he managed more than $93 million in client assets. He moved to Morgan Stanley in 2005 and previously was with Drehler & Associates (1993-1999), Olde Discount Corp. (1994-1997) and Broker Dealer Financial Services (2000-2005).


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MaibornWolff designs and develops individual, innovative and technically sophisticated software solutions. We implement systems for customers from different sectors who have different system landscapes. It is our objective to optimally analyze, identify and process our customers' requirements. We then propose tailored solutions and develop either new systems or new processes that support and enhance their business – all the while interconnecting their systems and allowing a smooth exchange of information.
With us you learn something new every day.
You are a recruiter with high expectations of yourself and of the quality of your work. This attitude shows in excellent work results – and just as well in a spirit of partnership with our applicants, and an appreciative team spirit.
Individuality, tact, sensitivity, and communica-tion at eye level characterize your recruiting. What drives you is to find and recruit the best employees for our team.
We are looking for you at the next possible date as an IT Recruiter (m/f/d) in our office in Tunis.
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Sounds like you? Start applying!
We're looking forward to your application!


text: Angola, country located in southwestern Africa. A large country, Angola takes in a broad variety of landscapes, including the semidesert Atlantic littoral bordering Namibia's "Skeleton Coast," the sparsely populated rainforest interior, the rugged highlands of the south, the Cabinda exclave in the north, and the densely settled towns and cities of the northern coast and north-central river valleys. The capital and commercial Centre is Luanda, a large port city on the northern coast that blends Portuguese-style colonial landmarks with traditional African housing styles and modern industrial complexes.


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Table of Contents
- What Is a Vaccine?
- Why Do HIV Vaccines Matter to Women?
- I Have HIV -- Why Do HIV Vaccines Matter to Me?
- Can an HIV Vaccine Cause HIV Infection?
- Is There an HIV Vaccine?
- Are There HIV Vaccine Studies Going on Now?
- How Are HIV Vaccines Tested?
- What Results Have Been Seen in HIV Vaccine Research?
- Is HIV Vaccine Research Going Forward?
- How Long Will it Take to Find an HIV Vaccine That Works?
- Do Vaccine Trials Do Anything to Help Lower the Participant's Risk of Becoming Infected With HIV?
- Taking Care of Yourself
What Is a Vaccine?
A vaccine is a treatment that prevents us from getting a disease. It works by teaching our immune system how to protect itself against disease-causing germs like viruses or bacteria.
Vaccines are one of the world's most effective tools for preventing diseases. Serious illnesses like polio, smallpox, measles, and mumps have been nearly eliminated from many countries because of vaccines.
There are two types of vaccines being studied for HIV: preventive vaccines and therapeutic vaccines. Preventive vaccines are designed to keep people from getting HIV. Therapeutic vaccines would allow those already living with HIV to control the virus without needing to take HIV drugs. Therapeutic vaccines are being considered as one of several strategies to cure HIV.
In a best-case situation, a preventive HIV vaccine would protect nearly everyone who receives it from getting HIV. But many scientists think that the first-generation HIV vaccines will provide more limited forms of protection, in which some, but not all of the people who receive the vaccine are protected against becoming infected.
It is good to remember that none of the vaccines that are currently available (e.g., those for measles, polio, chicken pox) are 100 percent protective in 100 percent of the people who receive them. Some vaccines work better in some people than in others; other vaccines only provide protection for a limited amount of time. Yet these vaccines have been very effective and are now considered 'tried and true' public health tools. Therefore, even a partially protective HIV vaccine could be a very important tool for slowing the spread of HIV. It would also help scientists develop more effective vaccines over time.
Why Do HIV Vaccines Matter to Women?
Over 30 years into the epidemic, we still do not have many ways to protect ourselves against HIV during sex that are private, woman-controlled, and independent of our partners' agreement. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)--a daily prescription pill a woman takes before potentially coming into contact with HIV, to prevent herself from acquiring it--is a prevention method that can be controlled by the woman taking it. But there is an urgent need for a variety of prevention options that women can choose without their partners' knowledge or consent. An effective HIV vaccine would give women this option. A woman could decide to be vaccinated against HIV. Later on she might decide to talk about the decision with her partner -- or she might not. The choice would be hers.
It is important for women to participate in large numbers in HIV vaccine studies in order to find an HIV vaccine that helps protect us. This is the only way that researchers will be able to find out whether a particular vaccine works equally well in women and men. In Africa, where women bear a larger burden of the HIV epidemic than men, only about one in five HIV vaccine trial participants is a woman. As a result, scientists are concerned that study results will point us toward vaccines that may only be effective in men.
An effective HIV vaccine could also someday be given to infants born to women living with HIV to help protect the infants from getting HIV through breast milk. This would be very useful in developing countries where feeding with formula is not possible for many women living with HIV.
I Have HIV -- Why Do HIV Vaccines Matter to Me?
Right now, most of the potential vaccines that are being developed are designed to prevent HIV infection in HIV-negative people. However, there are also research studies testing vaccines in people living with HIV. While these therapeutic vaccines will not cure HIV, they may help people living with HIV fight the virus. They would allow people living with HIV to control the virus while taking fewer or no HIV drugs.
Can an HIV Vaccine Cause HIV Infection?
No. Each vaccine being tested uses a slightly different design or strategy but none of them can actually cause HIV. This is because all the potential vaccines only use small, synthetic (human-made) pieces of HIV. These pieces of HIV cannot cause a person to acquire HIV. However, they often cause the body to make antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that the body makes to mark HIV-infected cells for destruction. As a result, HIV-negative people who have been vaccinated against HIV need to use HIV tests that look for the actual HIV virus and not for antibodies to HIV in the bloodstream. For more information, see the "Types of HIV Tests" section in our fact sheet on HIV Testing.
Is There an HIV Vaccine?
Not yet. Today there are no effective HIV vaccines.
Are There HIV Vaccine Studies Going on Now?
Yes. As of December 1, 2016, there were over 100 ongoing clinical trials of vaccines being conducted in more than 20 countries around the world. Go to this website provided by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) to find a searchable database of publicly and privately funded clinical trials across the globe, including those for HIV vaccines.
How Are HIV Vaccines Tested?
Like all experimental medical treatments, potential HIV vaccines go through a series of safety tests -- first in animals and then in small groups of people. These small studies help determine whether or not the vaccine causes any serious side effects. Only vaccines that appear to be completely safe are considered for studies in larger groups of people that test whether the vaccine works. HIV vaccines are not tested by exposing people to HIV on purpose.
Before a research study on the effectiveness of a preventive vaccine begins, scientists usually spend two or more years looking at communities where studies may take place. They gather many types of information, including how many people get HIV each year.
Once these numbers have been collected, people from the community are asked to enroll in the preventive vaccine study. People in the study are randomly assigned to receive either the vaccine or a placebo (an inactive substance). Neither the researchers nor the study participants know who has received the vaccine and who has received the placebo.
The people in the study are followed for a long time -- usually two to three years. At the end of the study, the researchers look to see whether fewer people got HIV who were in the group of people given the vaccine, as compared to in the group of people given the placebo.
For example, if two out of 100 people who received the vaccine got HIV, and five out of 100 people who received the placebo got HIV, that might mean that the vaccine was protecting some people against HIV.
What Results Have Been Seen in HIV Vaccine Research?
The search for an HIV vaccine has not been easy. A number of potential vaccines have been studied since the mid-1980s, but few have made it to Phase III trials. Phase III trials test a product's effectiveness and safety in very large groups of people over several years. It is only after a vaccine successfully passes a Phase III trial can governmental agencies like the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), or Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA in the UK) approve the vaccine for public use. For more information about all phases of clinical trials, see our fact sheet on Understanding Clinical Trials.
Preventive Vaccine Research
There have been three large Phase III trials of preventive HIV vaccines. The first two involved a potential vaccine called AIDSVAX. They were completed in 2003 and did not show any evidence that the vaccine worked.
The third trial (RV144) took place in Thailand and enrolled 16,000 people, making it the largest HIV vaccine study ever. It tested AIDSVAX with another vaccine called ALVAC. In 2009, after much debate over the results, researchers concluded that the vaccine only had a modest effect in preventing HIV acquisition.
There had been high hopes for a fourth trial called STEP, which was a smaller study of a vaccine manufactured by Merck. In 2007, the STEP study and another study of the same vaccine in South Africa were called off early due to results that showed the vaccine did not work.
Another potential vaccine was developed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Vaccine Research Center (VRC). In 2013, a trial named HVTN 505, which tested the VRC's vaccine among over 2500 HIV-negative men, was stopped because the vaccine neither prevented HIV infection nor reduced viral load in those who became HIV-positive.
In November 2016, an exciting new large-scale clinical trial of a preventive HIV vaccine (HVTN 702) was launched in South Africa. This trial will test the effectiveness of a vaccine regimen that is based on the one that was tested in Thailand in 2009 (RV 144). To learn more about progress in finding a preventive HIV vaccine, watch this video from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
Therapeutic Vaccine Research
In 2012, a therapeutic vaccine called Vacc-4x showed that it may be possible to teach the immune system to control HIV reproduction in some people living with HIV and reduce their viral load. Further testing has showed that Vacc-4x can help reduce the viral load in people living with HIV, but not enough to for them to stop taking their HIV drugs. A Phase I trial (first time in humans) of a therapeutic vaccine called Vacc-5C showed that Vacc-5C was safe and well tolerated, generated an immune response, and may improve some people's response to vaccination with Vacc-4x.
Researchers continue to test new models for what is now being referred to as HIV remission or a functional cure (keeping viral load suppressed without antiretroviral medications). A combination of a vaccine and an immune stimulant recently showed promise when tested in monkeys. This combination is designed to awaken the dormant or hidden HIV then attack it with the vaccine-induced immune response. For more information on functional cure strategies, see our fact sheet on Finding a Cure for HIV.
Is HIV Vaccine Research Going Forward?
Yes. Despite setbacks, the search for an HIV vaccine has not ended. The disappointing STEP study results and the controversy over the results of the Thai study caused a lot of debate among researchers and advocates about what to do next. However, research is still moving forward. The focus is on answering basic scientific questions that can help guide vaccine development, while continuing to learn valuable information from previous studies and mapping out future ones.
A number of potential vaccines remain in development and evidence from different studies suggests that an effective HIV vaccine is still possible. In fact, scientists continue to discover new potential ways to stop HIV, including the finding of a vaccine that triggers the body to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV. Broadly neutralizing antibodies are antibodies that are effective at neutralizing several strains of HIV. Because HIV mutates, or changes, so quickly, it is important for a potential vaccine to trigger an immune response against several strains of HIV.
Scientists have discovered ways to make some of these broadly neutralizing antibodies in the lab. These pre-made antibodies can then be given to people directly in a process known as 'passive immunization' (active immunization refers to the natural process in which your body's immune system makes antibodies itself). Recent research in monkeys has shown that broadly neutralizing antibodies have the potential to protect against infection and to reduce the amount of HIV in the body of those already living with HIV.
How Long Will it Take to Find an HIV Vaccine That Works?
The honest answer is that we do not know. It takes several years to study whether a potential vaccine is safe and effective. This first-generation vaccine is not likely to provide complete protection against HIV.
Although this sounds discouraging, it is important to remember that vaccine research takes a long time. It has taken decades, with more setbacks than advances, to discover other vaccines. Because effective vaccines have ended many epidemics in modern times, it is important to keep moving ahead with HIV vaccine research.
Do Vaccine Trials Do Anything to Help Lower the Participant's Risk of Becoming Infected With HIV?
Yes. Vaccine trials provide a lot of information to people who are thinking about volunteering to be in the study and to people who decide to join the study. One of the key messages is that there is no way of knowing whether the vaccine is effective before the study ends. That makes it important for everyone who joins to continue protecting themselves by enjoying safer sex and using clean injecting equipment.
This message is repeated to participants every time they come for a study visit. By educating people in the study, it is possible that the research study reduces the participants' risk for getting HIV. All studies also provide free male condoms and counsel participants about other methods like the female condom or safe injection practices.
Taking Care of Yourself
Until there is an effective HIV vaccine, the best way to protect yourself and your loved ones from HIV is by taking HIV drugs if appropriate, practicing safer sex and not sharing drug injection equipment.
[Note from TheBody: This article was created by The Well Project, who last updated it on Apr. 29, 2018. We have cross-posted it with their permission.]


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Big Data • Digital Media
Centerfield develops intelligent Big Data driven marketing and sales technology utilizing real time biddable media (RTB), automated call routing and customized scripting. Our proprietary platform, Dugout, combined with our 1500 person sales and retention center delivers new customers at scale to many of the leading brands worldwide.
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Obama citizenship denial
| Not just a river in Egypt
|? We're not listening ?
""The president is a Kenyan. The president is a secret Muslim. The president (why not?—after all, every little bit helps) is the unacknowledged love child of Malcolm X.
|—Christopher Hitchens[1]
Obama citizenship denial or birtherism is a phenomenon that began during the 2008 US Presidential campaign as an attempt to discredit Barack Obama by claiming that he was not born in the United States or that his father was not a US citizen at the time of his birth, and that being born in the US is a requirement for being elected President.[note 1] The bogus suspicion was initially shopped around to media by aides to Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign, then spread by bitter "Democrat" Hillary Clinton supporters who opposed the concession of the nomination to Obama, and taken up by the usual far-right conspiracy theorists.
Despite extremely strong evidence that it is outright wrong, and its failure to succeed in any legal challenge, the idea has almost gone mainstream. Most likely this is because it gives an acceptable outlet for racist impulses: it's a few short steps from "he's black" to "he's not one of us" to "he's not really an American."
It should be noted that even if Obama was born in Kenya as alleged by the wingnuts, it would still not change anything about his citizenship or eligibility for the Presidency, since the term natural born citizen - lifted and incorporated into the US from the legal system of the British Empire - included anyone born to one or more citizen parents, even if the birth itself occured on foreign territory. Since this is the only external reference for the meaning of the term at the time that the Constitution was written (damn liberals and their original intent!) and even the birther schizos themselves don't go as far to call the citizenship of Obama's *mother* into doubt, this means that Obama would still have been a natural-born citizen, rendering the entire 'debate' a complete waste of time & utterly pointless.
The evidence that Barack Obama is a natural-born U.S. citizen is so overwhelming that disputing this fact constitutes a form of denialism, rather than a mere conspiracy theory. President Donald Trump claimed birtherism as a long-held belief, until suddenly flipflopping in September 2016, personally blaming Hillary for having started the manufactroversy, and claiming that he was now the one to "finally end it".[2] According to the BBC, quote: "there is no evidence to link Mrs Clinton to the birther conspiracy".[2] While that statement is literally true—there is no record of Clinton claiming that Obama is not a natural-born US citizen—McClatchy Washington Bureau Chief James Asher reported being approached with the birther story during the 2008 primaries by Sidney Blumenthal, long time Clinton confidante and senior aide to Clinton's 2008 campaign.[3]
- 1 Background
- 2 Birthers
- 3 Arguments
- 3.1 The birth certificate
- 3.2 Obama's grandmother
- 3.3 Birth announcements
- 3.4 Natural-born citizen
- 3.5 Naturalization Act of 1790
- 3.6 1981 Pakistan trip
- 3.7 Indonesian school enrollment
- 3.8 Columbia University I.D.
- 3.9 Social Security Number
- 4 Court hearings
- 5 Eligibility bill
- 6 Other Presidential challenges
- 7 See also
- 8 External links
- 9 Notes
- 10 References
The reality is that Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, at Kapiolani Hospital, on August 4, 1961[4] to an immigrant Kenyan father (Barack Obama, Sr.) and American mother (S. Anne Dunham). However, spin propagated on conservative talk radio and other media outlets claim that Obama was not born in Hawaii, or that Obama was a dual citizen at birth (even if born in Hawaii) because his father was a Kenyan citizen at the time of Barack II's birth. The original rumors are attributed to Hillary Clinton supporters, usually southern Democrats, most notably People United Means Action. Motives for such smears continuing despite evidence to the contrary are usually attributed to bitterness that the Republicans lost the election or that they just couldn't stand a black man running the White House. The fact that Obama's father came from Kenya and thus in a way Obama could be considered Kenyan, as he does indeed have relatives there, is the absolute closest thing there is to any truth for this theory.
In response to the rumors, the Obama campaign created a website called which published a scanned copy of Obama's short-form birth certificate. to handle and photograph the original artifact. However, for some idiots, that wasn't enough to prove that Obama was born in the U.S.[6] This tempest in a teapot led to the State of Hawaii confirming to the press the weekend before Election Day that it did indeed hold Obama's long-form certificate, a sure and indisputable indication that Obama was born in Hawaii and was thus a natural-born citizen as required by the Constitution.[7]
Despite the straight and simple facts, many Americans still insist on following the spin. Common sense dictates that the imagined conspiracy would have to be inconceivably large, requiring a young Obama (or his parents, or some shadowy agency, playing into "Manchurian candidate" conspiracy theories) to plant a birth certificate in Hawaii, fabricate at least two birth announcements in newspapers at the time, falsify college records, bribe immigration officers, and somehow fool election officials. Furthermore, the entire mainstream political establishment, including the Republican Party, would have to be complicit in so far as they have refused to challenge Obama's qualifications. But common sense has never been a large part of the general human thought process.
These people were largely ignored until the summer of 2009 when, with a dearth of news stories and 168 hours to fill in a week, cable news channels started to give them serious airtime.
People United Means Action are the group of "Hillary supporting democrats" who started the rumors that Barack Hussein Obama wasn't really a naturally born U.S. citizen. The first of these to publicize this rumor (as opposed to spreading it via chain emails and blogs) and file a frivolous lawsuit on the basis of it was Pennsylvania attorney Philip Berg, who is also a 9/11 Truther. This is not a coincidence.
Those who maintain the idea that Obama is not qualified to be president, usually in the gnashing teeth of all available evidence, are often called "birthers." There are several prominent birthers whose constant — though loopy — agitation keeps this brain-dead story going. If nothing else, they serve as amusement to the sane.
These are most common objections raised by birthers, mostly in response to the fact that they seriously have lost contact with the fact-based world. The original argument is best explained by WorldNetDaily:
The Constitution, Article 2, Section 1, states, "No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President."
Some of the challenges question whether he was actually born in Hawaii, as he insists. If he was born out of the country, Obama's American mother, the suits contend, was too young at the time of his birth to confer American citizenship to her son under the law at the time.
Other challenges have focused on Obama's citizenship through his father, a Kenyan subject to the jurisdiction of the United Kingdom at the time of his birth, thus making him a dual citizen. The cases contend the framers of the Constitution excluded dual citizens from qualifying as natural born.
Additionally, questions have been raised about Obama's move to Indonesia as a child and the passport he used to travel to Pakistan as a young man.
The birth certificate[edit]
At the heart of every birther's claim is the need to see Obama's birth certificate. Despite multiple images (officially released scans and the factcheck.org photographs) being available on the internet, birthers claim that Obama still has not produced adequate evidence he was born in Hawaii—an incredible stretch of denial by any standards. As a result of the images of a birth certificate (and thus its entire contents) being available, a new claim developed: that the "short form" birth certificate produced is supposedly available to anybody, even those born out of state or overseas.
Nevertheless birthers continually demand that Obama release the original "long form" certificate "with the doctor's signature." This has never been asked of a President before and none have ever had to produce one. The birthers further claim that the Certification of Live Birth (the short-form birth certificate) is not good enough to obtain a range of things, from a passport to entry to pre-schools, depending on who is making the claim. However, the certificate produced states at the bottom that it is "Prima facie evidence of the fact of birth in any court proceeding."
The birthers ignore two very important facts in their quest to insist that the certificate that has been produced still doesn't qualify:
- The requirements for obtaining a certificate of live birth vary from state to state. A Hawaiian certification would be adequate to obtain a passport.[8]
- The certificate says he was born in Honolulu – if he was born in another state or another country it would state the actual location of his birth on the certificate, not Honolulu.[9]
Birthers also ignore the fact that various people have access to, and have seen, the original certificate rather than just a photograph or image (which should be the same thing, really).
""I, Dr. Chiyome Fukino, director of the Hawai'i State Department of Health, have seen the original vital records maintained on file by the Hawai'i State Department of Health verifying Barrack (sic) Hussein Obama was born in Hawai'i and is a natural-born American citizen.[10]
|—Dr. Chiyome Fukino, Director of the Hawai'i State Department of Health,
Certification of live birth[edit]
An early claim was that Obama's birth certificate was a Certification of Live Birth not a Certificate of Live Birth, and various claims were made, from it not being of the same legal standing, to it being a forgery. Apparently, not seeing the word they expected to see confused the birthers. Hawaii is considering changing the name to "certificate" to bring it into line with other states.
Why not release the long form certificate?[edit]
In any argument with birthers it is not long before they fall back on "why doesn't Obama just release his long form certificate if he has nothing to hide"? This is the typical conspiracy-based thinking; they assume Obama's birth certificate is being hidden and then they start "just asking questions."
The answer is that Obama's short form certificate is sufficient to prove he was born in Hawaii. As they are true kool-aid drinking conspiracy theorists, no amount of evidence is going to convince birthers that Obama is legitimately the President of the United States. If he produces a long form they will claim it is a fake or that a government official is being paid bribes. Once sold on a conspiracy the theorist is unlikely to abandon it, as all evidence to the contrary is just part of the larger conspiracy.
Despite the fact that the short-form certificate should have been sufficient, Barack Obama went ahead and released the long-form certificate in April 2011[11], in both .pdf and coffee-mug formats [12]. Sadly, but predictably, this has not ended the "debate."[13]
The Kenyan birth certificate[edit]
Apparently, one professional time-waster thought they had found the "jackpot" – Obama's Kenyan birth certificate. World
NetNutDaily made big news about it plastering it all over the front page.[14] However, many people from reality have pointed out some major flaws in the birth certificate,[note 2][15] as it's quite unusual for a Kenyan birth certificate to be issued in Australia.[16] It happens that an unknown blogger was responsible for the forged document and "punked" the birthers.[17][18] Orly Taitz claims that it is up to the courts to determine whether it is real or not.[19] Some people have gone as far as to claim that the Kenyan birth certificate is real and the "torn-up" pictures are fake.[20]
Obama's grandmother[edit]
Much has been made of the supposed "fact" that Obama's grandmother says he was born in Kenya. Others have claimed that she has made a "sworn deposition" saying that he was born in Kenya.
This claim is false from beginning to end. There is most certainly no "sworn deposition" but there is a slightly confusing telephone conversation in which the clearest fact is that his family – grandmother included – insist he was born in the USA. Listen to and decide. If this conversation is evidence of anything, it's evidence:
- That Obama was born in the USA.
- Of the lengths to which Obama's detractors will go in order to distort the facts.
- Mrs. Obama was present at the birth of her son. (Yes, the caller asks that question.)
Birth announcements[edit]
Obama's birth was announced in the local press in Hawaii as can be seen here. Despite this corroboration of his Hawaiian birth, the birthers are still not convinced. While WorldNetDaily dismiss it as merely indicating that the birth had been registered in Hawaii, as the newspaper receives the announcement from the Department of Health Vital Statistics System, and they claim that it was issued with the certificate of live birth, which they have already decided is unacceptable to them.[21] People on the more nutty end of the scale claim the newspaper clipping is, in fact, a plant.[22] Apparently, Obama's parents wanted to make sure he was a "natural-born citizen" more than 47 years ago, in case he ran for President. Naturally, this argument requires a massive stretch of the imagination to even think that the idea is plausible – these people begin to make the 9/11 Truth Movement look positively sane and respectable at this point, and, of course, just like the moon landing hoax, it would probably have been easier and simpler for Obama's family to take the honest route rather than the conspiracy route. Even Chuck Norris finds this hard to believe.[23]
Natural-born citizen[edit]
The issue of where Obama was born is relevant only if a US birth is required to be a "natural born citizen." However, there is no legal basis for asserting this. No current US legislation uses the term "natural born citizen," and it appears only once in the Constitution (although basic common sense might suggest that perhaps a "natural born citizen" is someone who is born a natural citizen). The only mention of citizenship is in the 14th Amendment, Section 1, Clause 1:
""All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
It thus clearly appears that by the law of England for the last three centuries, beginning before the settlement of this country, and continuing to the present day, aliens, while residing in the dominions possessed by the crown of England, were within the allegiance, the obedience, the faith or loyalty, the protection, the power, and the jurisdiction of the English sovereign; and therefore every child born in England of alien parents was a natural-born subject, unless the child of an ambassador or other diplomatic agent of a foreign state, or of an alien enemy in hostile occupation of the place where the child was born.
III. The same rule was in force in all the English colonies upon this continent down to the time of the Declaration of Independence, and in the United States afterwards, and continued to prevail under the constitution as originally established.[24]
Essentially being born in one of the states of the US, as Hawaii had been for two years, makes you eligible to be President once you are 35 and have lived in the country for 14 consecutive years.
A few birthers have attempted to cite the mid-18th century treatise Le droit des gens[note 3] by Emerich de Vattel. Vattel claims that an indigène (translated in the 1790s into English using the term "natural-born citizen")[note 4] is someone born to citizen parents within the nation in question. Exactly how this reconciles with the USA's rather straightforward jus soli policy as stated in the 14th amendment is something of a mystery, especially given that if Law of Nations was truly the law of the land, it would be regularly cited in court cases; considering Vattel was a proponent of "natural law" and the founders worked from English common law, this is a pretty big gap.
Naturalization Act of 1790[edit]
The more legal-minded birthers, on occasions, fall back on the Naturalization Act of 1790 in their argument of what constitutes a natural born citizen. In particular, the clause:
""And the children of citizens of the United States, that may be born beyond sea, or out of the limits of the United States, shall be considered natural born citizens: Provided, That the right of citizenship shall not descend to persons whose fathers have never been resident in the United States[25]
There are three problems with this argument:
- Obama's father was resident in the United States, before Obama's birth.
- The Naturalization Act of 1790 was superseded by the Naturalization Act of 1795, then the Naturalization Act of 1798 and finally repealed in 1802. The only mention of natural born citizen is in the 1790 act. As a result, this is not current US law and has not been since 1795.
- The 14th Amendment and the Supreme Court cases mentioned above state that any person born in the United States is a citizen, regardless of where their parents were born and their legal status at the time (unless they are attacking the US or a foreign diplomat). An article of the Constitution, including an amendment, takes priority over any act that may have been in force up to that time.
1981 Pakistan trip[edit]
Obama traveled to Pakistan, back in 1981, to visit family. The Birthers insist that travel to Pakistan in 1981 was not possible using a US passport and therefore Obama must have been traveling using another passport – presumably from a country with strong Muslim ties. Of course this is rubbish; there were no restrictions in force at the time.[26]
Indonesian school enrollment[edit]
Another attempt at denial of Obama's citizenship attempts to make the claim that Obama is not eligible because Obama's stepfather Lolo Soetoro had enrolled young Obama (as "Barry Soetoro") in the Indonesian school system, listing him as an Indonesian citizen, and because his mother renounced U.S. citizenship by moving to Indonesia in the first place. Aside from there being no proof of Ms. Dunham renouncing her citizenship, the young Obama would not have been affected even if she had. Furthermore, Mr. Soetoro's incorrectly listing his stepson's citizenship as Indonesian on some school forms would obviously have no effect on the latter's actual U.S. citizenship status.
In supporting case law, Perkins v. Elg, 307 U.S. 325 (1939) ruled that living outside of the US as a minor, regardless of your parents' citizenship status, did not cause you to lose your birthright citizenship and declared Elg "to be a natural born citizen of the United States."[note 5] All arguments that center around Obama's step-father, or even a possible adoption, are irrelevant.
Columbia University I.D.[edit]
There is a spreading of the idea that Obama has attended Columbia University as a foreign student in 1981. However, several sources, including Snopes, state the "proof" involves a card layout that did not exist in 1981, and in fact has been manipulated from an I.D. belonging to Thomas Lugert. A scan of Lugert's I.D. card can be found on his own website, with a "Last Modified" date of June 15, 2007 [27]. The card with Obama has several tell-tale signs of forgery, such as bad quality, the fact that the cross on the crown in the background has been slightly mutilated, and the text "Foreign Student" does not align properly with the purple band.
Social Security Number[edit]
Mentioned less frequently is a "controversy" regarding Obama's Social Security Number (SSN), notably that his SSN indicates that it was issued to someone born in Connecticut, not Hawaii — ergo, it must be stolen and Obama must be an alien imposter! Here there is a kernel of truth that has been blown out of proportion. SSN's issued between 1972 and 2011 were indeed linked to geography — specifically, they were linked to the postal ZIP code of the person's mailing address at their time of registration. Obama's does indeed appear to indicate it is linked to Connecticut; however, when Obama registered with Social Security when he was 16 (which was normal until the mid-to-late 1970s, when children started being automatically registered right after birth), he was living in Honolulu, which has a ZIP code of 96814 — one digit off from Danbury, Connecticut's 06814. In all likelihood, it was a simple clerical error. There are also claims that he is using someone else's SSN; these are usually based on erroneous info from public records databases (e.g., someone with sloppy handwriting mis-writes their SSN on a credit card application, and it winds up linking that person with someone else in a database).[28]
Court hearings[edit]
At least a half dozen lawsuits against the President have been tossed out of court, but on 20 January 2009, Orly Taitz and Gary Kreep, two of the birther lawyers most opposed to Obama filed a lawsuit on Inauguration Day. They issued press announcements saying the judge was brave in the face of political heat to accept the case and now birthers would be able to prove their case.
Their purported goal in going to court was to defend a couple of military activists (encouraged by birthers) who refused to ship to the Middle East on the grounds the orders did not come from a legitimate Commander in Chief. As usual, the birthers made many accusations and offered conspiracy
theories hypotheses, but provided no evidence.
Taitz and Kreep asked for a court order demanding Kenya produce Obama's birth certificate. The judge reasonably pointed out that even if such a document existed, a subpoena from a US judge would be meaningless in a foreign country. The judge noted the soldiers had no problem taking orders from Obama until they were ordered to ship out, when suddenly they developed doubts about the authenticity of his birth in Hawaii.
When they got their days in court, birthers mostly uttered political rhetoric and after a few days, the judge ran out of patience, saying they'd presented no evidence, merely accusations.
The judge also pointed out
- they could have filed suit when Obama became a candidate or
- they could have filed suit when Obama was nominated or
- they could have filed suit when Obama won the election, but
- they chose to wait for the day Obama took office,
which (a) provided maximum entertainment and embarrassment for the President but also (b) changed the rules because they were now attempting to unseat a sitting President and (c) filed the lawsuit in the wrong venue.
The disgusted judge severely criticised their lack of evidence and dismissed the case.[29] In August 2010, the Supreme Court for the second time refused to block fines and sanctions against Taitz.[30]
As of January 2014, over two hundred cases regarding Obama's citizenship had been brought to court. In every case, the birthers lost. The birthers made over one hundred appeals, but every appeal was denied.[31]
Eligibility bill[edit]
Representative Bill Posey has sponsored a bill, H.R. 1503, to amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 requiring the campaign committee to give documents proving a candidate for president's eligibility.[32] So far he has found ten co-sponsors for the bill, although those that have given their reasons say it is to put the matter to rest and are sure that Obama will comply with the bill in 2012.
In April 2010 the Arizona State House passed a bill requiring everyone running for President of the US in the state to prove their eligibility for the office.[33] The bill has been set aside in the State Senate as it does not have enough votes, even amongst Republicans, to pass.[34]
Other Presidential challenges[edit]
Senator John McCain[edit]
Republican ("right of blood").
George Romney[edit]
George Romney, governor of Michigan and the father of Mitt Romney, ran unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968. George Romney probably had the most cut-and-dried case against his constitutional eligibility of anyone on this list: he was born in Mexico. His U.S.-born Mormon parents were living there as expats during the period when several Mormon colonies flourished in Mexico. The issue was occasionally raised during his campaign, but since he lost the nomination to Richard Nixon, he never had to face a court challenge to his eligibility.
Barry Goldwater[edit]
The 1964 Republican candidate, Barry Goldwater, was born in 1909 in Phoenix, Arizona Territory, which was not a state until 1912.[36] Although the Fourteenth Amendment counts those born on US territories as natural-born citizens, there was a minor controversy over Goldwater's birthplace.
President Chester A. Arthur[edit]
Republican President Chester A. Arthur spent his one term presidency dogged by rumors that has was born in Canada. Arthur was born 2 October 1829, in a small town 5 miles outside Fairfield, Vermont. His family moved around a lot and often lied about the year he was born.
During the 1880 presidential campaign, after Arthur was chosen as James Garfield's running mate, Democrats hired lawyer Arthur Hinman, who set off on a mission to Canada in an attempt to discredit him. Hinman claimed Arthur was born 47 miles further north, in Dunham, Quebec, and had misappropriated the birth records of a brother who was born in Fairfield and died in infancy.
The state of Vermont did not keep birth records before 1857 and neither did the town of Fairfield. Add to this the fact that Arthur kept changing the year he was born and it's a better story than the one about Obama. Arthur never publicly commented on the rumors, which was taken by paleo-birthers as a sure sign of his guilt. Hinman cashed in on the rumors with a book, How a British Subject Became President of the United States.[37]
Kamala Harris[edit]
Since her announcement of her candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the 2020 presidency, there have been conspiracy theories about Kamala Harris' illegibility for the presidency. This is based on the premises that both her parents who are Jamaican and Indian university scholars, temporary residents not permanent residents when she born and as such she doesn't have natural-born-citizen at birth. [38] However, anyone born in the United States is an American citizen, no matter what the parents' citizenship or residency status.
See also[edit]
- Jerome Corsi —?a major proponent
- Ted Cruz, and the debate over whether he's a citizen
- Manufactroversy
- WND — The fake news home of the Birther movement
External links[edit]
- – another nutter's blog.
- ↑ Article 2, Section 1, Clause 5 of the United States Constitution states: "No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty-five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States."
- , at that time
- .
- ↑
- ↑ Hawaii was admitted as a state on August 21, 1959.
- .
- – WorldNetDaily's Obama Birth Certificate Lies (retrieved 18th of August 2009)
- (defunct webpage)
- , Phoenix New Times, 1-March-2012
- *sarcasm*
- – Claims that "Obama's Kenyan Birth Certificate" are a Hoax and my replies to them.
- – Debunking the discrediter Kenyan birth certificate.
- .
- , Huffington Post, 2010-Aug-
- .
- -CBS News, April 21, 2010.
- – Phoenix New Times, April 29 2010 .
- , Newsweek


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