text:
- 11.1 The early Christian congregations
- 11.2 Christianity after the death of the early Apostles
- 11.2.1 The Church Fathers and the ecumenical councils
- 11.2.2 Christianity–the state religion and its spread
- 11.2.3 Aspects of Christianity in medieval Europe
- 11.2.4 The Reformation
- 11.2.5 Catholicism and Protestantism in upheaval
- 11.2.6 Christianity at the beginning of the nineteenth century
- 11.3 The reoccupation of the Apostle ministry in the Catholic Apostolic Church
- 11.3.1 The development of a church led by Apostles
- 11.3.2 The calling of additional Apostles
- 11.3.3 The continuation of the Apostle ministry in the New Apostolic Church
11 From the history of Christianity
11.1 The early Christian congregations Back to top
According to the great commission given by Jesus Christ, it is the task of the Apostles to go into all the world in order to proclaim the gospel and make disciples of all human beings.
To start with, the Apostles turned to the Jews, and it was in Jerusalem that the first congregation came into being. On account of persecution many believers fled from Jerusalem (Acts 8: 1; 11: 19). Even in their new surroundings they proclaimed the word of the Lord, like Philip did in the capital of Samaria.
In a vision, God showed Apostle Peter that the gospel is also intended for the Gentiles (Acts 10 and 11).
A decisive step in bringing the gospel to the Gentiles was made with the conversion of Saul (Acts 9). He is first identified as an Apostle in the company of Barnabas–and by the name of Paul–in Acts 14: 14.
At the Apostles' council in Jerusalem the first pressing and decisive questions about the position on the mission to the Gentiles and the significance of the Mosaic Law in relationship to the gospel were discussed and clarified (Acts 15: 1-29).
While the gospel was primarily proclaimed among the Jews by Apostles Peter and James, Apostles Paul and Barnabas travelled to the Gentile countries surrounding the Mediterranean for the same purpose. As Eusebius of Caesarea writes in his Church History, other Apostles are said to have brought the gospel further to countries in Asia and Africa, and to have established congregations there.
11.2 Christianity after the death of the early Apostles Back to top
The activity of the Holy Spirit continued after the death of the early Christian Apostles:
He saw to it that the biblical canon of the Old and New Testaments came into being.
He inspired the Church Fathers in the first councils to formulate important principles of Christian doctrine. These include, for example, the doctrine of the Trinity and of the person and dual nature of Jesus as true Man and true God, as well as the knowledge of the key significance that Jesus' sacrifice and resurrection hold for the salvation and redemption of mankind.
During this period, salvation was imparted through the properly performed dispensation of Holy Baptism with water.
Beyond that, the fact that the Christian faith was able to spread around the world can also be attributed to the activity of the Holy Spirit over the centuries.
11.2.1 The Church Fathers and the ecumenical councils Back to top
In the year AD 313, the Roman Emperor Constantine (ca. AD 270/288, died 337) proclaimed freedom of religion for the Christians. In the years AD 380/381, the Christian religion became the state religion of the Roman Empire.
Before this time, many Christians had been persecuted and had lost their lives. What had begun with the stoning of Stephen grew into waves of persecution which made martyrs of many believers.
It was the concern of the Church Fathers to defend the Christian faith against both Gentiles and Jews, and to define the fundamentals of Christian doctrine. The early generation of these men were known as the "Apostolic Fathers". They included Clement of Rome (died ca. AD 100), Ignatius of Antioch (died ca. AD 115), Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna (ca. AD 69, died ca. 155), and Papias of Hierapolis (ca. AD 70, died ca. 130/140).
Later generations of defenders of the faith (apologists) and witnesses to the apostolic tradition are known as the "Church Fathers". These include Ambrose of Milan (AD 339-397), Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus (AD 347-420), and Augustine of Hippo (AD 354-430). The doctrinal statements of these men had a decisive influence on Christian dogma.
Athanasius (ca. AD 295-373) was also among the teachers of the church. It was under his theological influence in the year AD 325 that the Nicene Creed was formulated. New Apostolic Christians also adhere to the tradition of this creed.
The essential contents of the Christian faith were ultimately defined over centuries of debate in various church councils. Although often convened under the influence of secular rulers, the councils still brought to expression–objectively and according to God's will–the content of the gospel. Viewed as a whole, the basic tenets of Christian doctrine were defined in these councils.
11.2.2 Christianity–the state religion and its spread Back to top
In AD 380/381, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire and forbade all pagan religions.
During the great Migration Period, Christianity in Europe grew stronger and spread to many areas of the then known world. Starting in the seventh century, Christians in parts of Asia and Africa had to contend with the new religion of Islam.
Monasticism played a special role in the propagation of Christianity. These religious individuals were often responsible for outstanding scholarly accomplishments and were also involved in agriculture and social issues. Many considered the propagation of the Christian faith to be one of their principal tasks.
Conditioned by historical developments, Christianity became the force which shaped the life and society of the people of Europe.
Medieval Christianity faced crises such as the East-West Schism of 1054, that is the separation of the Western Church (Roman Catholic Church) from the Eastern Church (Orthodox Churches), as well as the crusades (1096 to 1270), the power struggle between the Popes and emperors of Central Europe, and increasing conflict with Islam.
11.2.3 Aspects of Christianity in medieval Europe Back to top
The struggle of church dignitaries for worldly power and their failure to take direction from the gospel led to widespread secularisation of the Christian church, which entailed ever increasing moral decay. More and more efforts were made to reform the church. While some truth-seeking individuals sought to serve God through rational knowledge (scholasticism), others attempted to do so in mysticism through the direct experience of the nearness of God.
Individuals like the French merchant Peter Waldo, also called Pierre de Vaux (died before 1218), the English theologian John Wycliffe (1320-1384), and the rector of the University of Prague, Jan Hus (ca. 1369-1415), were consistent critics of the secularised church. The pre-Reformation movements initiated and supported by them affected large parts of Europe and ultimately led to the Reformation.
11.2.4 The Reformation Back to top
The search for the original form of the gospel and for guidance by the Holy Spirit defined a movement in Europe which is described by the term "Reformation" and is closely associated with Martin Luther (1483-1546).
Criticism of the Roman Church's secularisation, as well as the humanists' demand for a return to its sources and a resulting devotion to the Bible, were significant precursors to the Reformation.
Luther developed his theology based on his interpretation of the Bible. At its core is the doctrine of justification by faith, with its fundamental notion that God does not provide rewards on the basis of good works, but rather grants His grace to the sinner who believes in Jesus Christ.
Luther came into conflict with the Roman Church because he rejected the Pope's authority and cast doubt on the infallibility of the councils. He argued that the Bible, with its witness to Jesus Christ, should be the sole basis for doctrine. Luther translated the Bible into the German language and thereby made it accessible to the people.
The rapid spread of the Reformation in Germany is not only to be attributed to Luther and other reformers, but also to the political and economic interests of many princes.
Outside of Germany, the Reformation gained a foothold primarily in northern Europe, in the Netherlands, in France, and in Italy. The reformer Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) was active in Zurich, and John Calvin (1509-1564) who started an independent reform movement, was active in Geneva.
The ideals of the Reformation also took on political dimensions. Both sovereigns and peasants adopted it–for various motives–in order to achieve social and political goals.
The Anglican Church came into being independently in England in 1534.
As a reaction to the Reformation, the Council of Trent (from 1545) inspired a period of reflection and renewal in the Roman Catholic Church and prepared the way for the Counter-Reformation.
11.2.5 Catholicism and Protestantism in upheaval Back to top
The Reformation led to a counter movement (the Counter-Reformation) as European Catholicism strove for spiritual renewal and reinforced the power of the papacy. The Popes endeavoured to regain Protestant territories for Catholicism.
In the course of these conflicts, the Thirty Years' War broke out in Europe (1618-1648) which served, among other things, to strengthen the institution of the state church. The sovereign determined the religion of his subjects.
In the eighteenth century, a rationalistic Christianity–a kind of Christianity which adopted the insights of the sciences of the time–began to merge with the philosophical concepts of the Enlightenment. Denominational conflicts and philosophical-theological disputes brought Protestantism into a state of crisis. As a reaction, Pietism gained more and more influence.
The hallmarks of Pietism include interest in intensive Bible study, social and missionary engagement, and a strong focus on Jesus Christ's activity as Redeemer.
Emphasis on the importance of emotions for Christian life and faith found a certain continuity in the revivalist movements. These evangelical movements, which originated in the eighteenth century, particularly in England and the USA, sought to distinguish themselves from "cultural Christianity" and return to a living faith.
In the nineteenth century, the Innere Mission (Inner or Home Mission) and the Protestant Free Churches–churches that were independent of the state–came into being in Germany and began to spread from there. This movement was not only aimed at winning non-Christians in foreign countries for Christianity, but also at those in Germany who had, through poverty and ignorance, become alienated from the faith. The further propagation of Christianity in non-European countries, particularly in Africa, received significant momentum from missionary societies.
A kind of devotion oriented to spiritual experience can also be observed in eighteenth and nineteenth century Catholicism.
It is in this context that the ideological conflicts with the French revolution, the attendant circumstances of the dawning industrial age, as well as the scientific and rationalistic thinking which sought to explain the world without reference to traditional faith, should be understood.
11.2.6 Christianity at the beginning of the nineteenth century Back to top
At a time when the natural sciences attempted to dominate large areas of thinking, when social issues challenged Christian ethics, and when national power politics sought to use religion to its own ends, the call to return to an awareness of the gospel and the related Christian hope for the return of Christ became louder and louder.
In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, missionary efforts were initiated mainly from Spain and Portugal. As a result, however, the Christian faith was often forced upon the populations of conquered regions. In the nineteenth century, devoted Christians cultivated intensive, peaceful missionary activities, especially in the colonised world.
This is the historical background in which God prepared for the renewed activity of Apostles.
SUMMARY Back to top
In accordance with the Lord's great commission, the Apostles began to proclaim the gospel, at first amongst the Jews, and later in the Gentile countries surrounding the Mediterranean. (11.1)
The activity of the Holy Spirit continued in many forms after the death of the early Christian Apostles. (11.2)
The concern of the Church Fathers was to defend the faith and define the fundamentals of the Christian doctrine. (11.2.1)
More than anything else, the doctrinal statements of the Church Fathers had a decisive influence on the Christian dogmas. At various church councils, the main contents of the Christian faith were emphasised as binding doctrine. (11.2.1)
At the end of the fourth century AD Christianity became the state religion in the Roman Empire. (11.2.2)
Monasticism played a special role in the spread of Christianity. Christendom became the most important variable to define life and society in Europe. (11.2.2)
In the East-West Schism of 1054 the Western Church (Roman Catholic Church) and the Eastern Church (Orthodox Church) separated from one another. (11.2.2)
Widespread secularisation came about in the Christian church during the European Middle Ages, which led to efforts for church reform. The search for the original form of the gospel defined a development in Europe which is summarised by the term "Reformation". (11.2.3; 11.2.4)
After the Reformation there was a renewal within Catholicism and in the development of other religious movements. (11.2.4; 11.2.5)
Beginning in the fifteenth century, missionary work began in countries outside of Europe. In the nineteenth century, this work was intensified. (11.2.6)
This is the historical context in which God prepared the way for the renewed activity of Apostles. (11.2.6)
11.3 The reoccupation of the Apostle ministry in the Catholic Apostolic Church Back to top
Between 1826 and 1829, in close cooperation with the Presbyterian clergyman Edward Irving (1792-1834), the banker Henry Drummond (1786-1860) invited representatives of the "Students of Prophecy" to his country estate in Albury in southern England for a series of conferences in order to clarify certain biblical statements regarding the reawakening of the original fullness of the Holy Spirit and the return of Christ.
In Scotland, believers of various denominations also shared the expectation of an increased activity of the Holy Spirit. In 1830, manifestations of healing, speaking in tongues, and prophecy occurred in their circle and were also widely noticed.
It was in this context of believing expectation of a special ministry in the church that John Bate Cardale (1802-1877), a member of the Anglican Church, was called to the Apostle ministry by the Holy Spirit and designated by Henry Drummond as an Apostle on 31 October 1832 (other sources mention 7 November 1832) in London. He had joined Irving's congregation in August 1832. On Christmas 1832, Cardale carried out his first ministerial act as an Apostle and ordained William R. Caird as an Evangelist. For nearly a year Cardale remained the only Apostle, and had a defining influence on the concept of the Apostle ministry in the nascent church.
In the time following, the movement developed more defined structures. Beyond that, an understanding of ministry and the sacraments developed.
11.3.1 The development of a church led by Apostles Back to top
Beginning in September 1833, further Apostles were called through prophecy. In the process, people with prophetical gifts played an important role.
In 1835, the Apostles called through prophecy were consecrated to their future work. Subsequently the Apostles, now numbering twelve, adjourned for one year to Albury for intensive consultations.
The Apostles waited to be sent to all Christians and to receive a special power for this purpose. With the Great Testimony of 1837 they sought to reach out to all spiritual and secular leaders of Christendom. They called on the clergy to subordinate themselves to the Apostles. In preparation for the unification of all Christians under their leadership, the Apostles began familiarising themselves with the doctrines and liturgies of various denominations as of 1838. The appeal of the Apostles met with no response, however.
Within the apostolic work a focus began to develop on the preparation of the end-time group known as the "one hundred and forty-four thousand" mentioned in the book of Revelation. These were to be sealed through the laying on of hands of the Apostles. In 1847 this act was performed on approximately one thousand believers in England. In the same year, Holy Sealing was also performed in Canada by Apostle Francis Woodhouse and in Germany by Apostle Thomas Carlyle.
11.3.2 The calling of additional Apostles Back to top
Apostle Thomas Carlyle, supported by one other Apostle, proposed the convening of an Apostle meeting In 1851. In this meeting, he did not garner the necessary support from among all the other Apostles for his motion that the two Apostles Duncan Mackenzie and Henry Dalton–who were no longer exercising their ministries–be replaced by others.
In the year 1855, three Apostles died, among them Apostle Carlyle. Successors in the Apostle ministry were called by Edward Oliver Taplin (1800-1862), the "Pillar of the Prophets", and the prophet Heinrich Geyer (1818-1896). The calling of these men was not recognised by the other Apostles, however.
Yet the longing for the preparation of the bride of Christ by the Apostles, and the expectation of their sending in the full power of their ministry, remained alive among many of the ministers once ordained and instructed in northern Germany by Apostle Carlyle. Here, the congregations of Berlin and Hamburg played a major role.
11.3.3 The continuation of the Apostle ministry in the New Apostolic Church Back to top
The English Apostles were successful in their resistance of an extension of the circle of Apostles and thereby actually the continuation of the church led by Apostles. In opposition to this, the prophet Heinrich Geyer and the leader of the Hamburg congregation, Friedrich Wilhelm Schwartz (1815-1895), insisted that Rudolf Rosochacky (1815-1895) had received a divine calling. On 10 October 1862, the latter had been called as an Apostle by the prophet Geyer. On 4 January 1863, the Hamburg congregation acknowledged this calling.
Even when Apostle Rosochacky resigned from his ministry shortly thereafter, Geyer, Schwartz, and the Hamburg congregation maintained that a divine calling had indeed been given. On 27 January 1863, Schwartz was removed from his ministry by Apostle Woodhouse and expelled from the Catholic Apostolic Church. The Hamburg congregation was also excommunicated because they followed Schwartz.
Therefore January 1863 marks the beginning of the New Apostolic Church.
Soon after, Priest Carl Wilhelm Louis Preuss (1827-1878) and, a little later, Friedrich Wilhelm Schwartz, were called as Apostles. Preuss worked in northern Germany while Schwartz was assigned the Netherlands as his working area. Further callings of Apostles followed shortly thereafter.
The newly formed community called itself the Allgemeine Christliche apostolische Mission ("General Christian Apostolic Mission"). This name, like the designation of the Dutch branch "Restored Apostolic Mission Church", reflected the hope of reaching large parts of Christianity.
In 1872, Friedrich Wilhelm Menkhoff (1826-1895) was called as an Apostle for Westphalia and the Rhineland.
In 1884, he founded the first Church periodical in Germany, entitled Der Herold. Monatsschrift für wahrheitsliebende Christen ("The Herald, a monthly circular for truth-loving Christians"). Under his influence, Apostle Schwartz, beginning in his working area, did away with liturgical vestments and many elements of the liturgy taken over from the Catholic Apostolic Church. As of 1885, these changes were adopted by all other congregations.
In 1881, Friedrich Krebs (1832-1905) from Braunschweig was called as an Apostle. After the death of Apostles Schwartz and Menkhoff, he took on the function of leader. His most important concern was the oneness among the Apostles. He was the first Chief Apostle in the current sense of the word.
The more the Apostle ministry, with its comprehensive powers, came to the foreground in the Church toward the close of the nineteenth century, the more the significance of the prophets began to diminish. By the end of the 1920s there were no more prophets active in the congregations.
The first decades in the history of the New Apostolic Church served, among other things, to consolidate the congregations and the unity among the Apostles. Beginning in 1897, the Chief Apostle ministry began to crystallise as the leading ministry of the Church. It was occupied by Friedrich Krebs until his death in the year 1905.
Other bearers of the Chief Apostle ministry were:
Hermann Niehaus (1848-1932, Chief Apostle from 1905 to 1930),
Johann Gottfried Bischoff (1871-1960, Chief Apostle from 1930 to 1960),
Walter Schmidt (1891-1981, Chief Apostle from 1960 to 1975),
Ernst Streckeisen (1905-1978, Chief Apostle from 1975 to 1978),
Hans Urwyler (1925-1994, Chief Apostle from 1978 to 1988),
Richard Fehr (born 1939, Chief Apostle from 1988 to 2005),
Wilhelm Leber (born 1947, Chief Apostle as of 2005).
SUMMARY Back to top
It was in the context of believing anticipation of a special ministry in the church that believing men were called to the Apostle ministry in England starting in 1832. (11.3)
In 1837 the Apostles published the Great Testimony and called upon the clergy of all the churches to subject themselves to the authority of the Apostles. This appeal of the Apostles met with no response, however. (11.3.1)
In January 1863 the congregation in Hamburg acknowledged the calling of Rudolf Rosochacky as an Apostle.
Therefore January 1863 marks the beginning of the New Apostolic Church. (11.3.3)
As of 1897 the Chief Apostle ministry began to emerge as the leading ministry of the church. (11.3.3)


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A most learned denizen of #LionelNation wrote as follows.
It is a commonplace of espionage novels from the lurid and fanciful to the dark and serious that intelligence agencies run counterintelligence disinformation campaigns against competitor nations and enemies, even against friends. And everything we know about actual intelligence services supports these fictional stories. It is well known also that the quality of information that the agencies obtain from many sources ranges from the highly informative to the ludicrous. And the sources are rewarded or not rewarded accordingly. All reports and purloined documents, expensive or not, are viewed with deep suspicion, and especially if they are timely or relevant. As one of John Le Carré's protagonists says, "topicality is always suspect." Information is similarly suspect if it has been solicited. The prudent spy knows that a source will be tempted to tell him what he wants to know, regardless of whether it resembles reality or not. In short, spies trust no one, especially their sources, as there is a fair chance that they are either counterespionage agents, fortune seekers, or downright charlatans and fantasists. Further, the bosses of these spies are skeptical of their own agents, knowing that an agent may be tempted to show success where there is none or where there is even disinformation. The deception campaigns run by the British in WW2 are celebrated, as are the exploits of Mossad. They were successful, not by being gullible, but by persuading their enemies to be gullible. It is no mean feat.
In addition to "considering the source", intelligence agencies are at pains to evaluate the materials presented as to their content. Do they seem plausible? Do they contradict other verified information? Is their significance inflated? Are they "chickenfeed" or the "Crown Jewels"*. If the source is suspect, could the information still be of quality or vice versa? The spymaster's lot is not an 'appy one.
So it is very strange that the recent "dossier" of "information" about President-elect Trump was passed around so many people as if it had been cleared to the highest level by the top of the Department of Central Intelligence and now was fit for secure and confidential dissemination to those who "need to know". No. It somehow came into the hands of John McCain, MI6, CIA, FBI, private parties, President Obama himself, newspapers, and website proprietors and God knows who else. Has anything like this ever happened to any piece of intelligence that was regarded as sensitive or important? No. That is not the way things happen. John McCain himself said that it somehow came into his possession, source undisclosed, and he felt it was his civic duty to pass it on to the FBI. Any intelligence agency worth its salt would have sent it back with a firm, "no thanks, we do not accept unsourced, unverified materials from anyone not vetted by the agency. We advise you to destroy all copies of this document as it could be used by our adversaries to subvert our political system. We also advise you not to accept any materials claiming to be sensitive or concerning the country's defense and to advise the source to bring the material directly to us."
What did happen, according to his own testimony, is that John McCain took it upon himself to accept this information like he was some sort of volunteer spook, and read it and pass it on to the FBI. The very fact that he is a publicly known antagonist of Donald Trump should have cautioned any prudent man not to traffic in potentially damaging and potentially false information about a political adversary. Could it be a trap? Did he imagine himself some septuagenarian James Bond?
And then there is the material itself. Apart from any considerations of protocol or prudent behavior, if he was going to read the material, could he not gather something from its content? He is, one would hope, an educated and intelligent man. Let's say he was given a secret looking folder with a typed copy of the text of a National Enquirer inside, minus the pictures. The pages contain a story about a dog faced boy, an alien abduction, and the "news" that Pope Francis is really a woman and is now pregnant by Justin Trudeau. Would he have passed this on to the Vatican, on the off chance that they might want to know? Yet the "story" in the infamous "dossier" is so lurid, so ludicrous, so gratuitously adolescent that I wonder if even the Enquirer would give it the time of day. What, did he not smell a rat? Did he ever go back to his source and ask them where he got this crap? Did he report the source to the FBI as a potential foreign agent trying to disseminate "false news"? No, sorry, that was not a thing yet. In the past, apparently all typed documents from questionable sources were truthful until proven false. What an innocent world that was six months ago.
So, did John McCain or anyone else in the entire troupe of people who saw this document, anyone, ask: "what is this trash?" And then toss it in the shredder in case they got caught possessing it? No. At least I haven't found any. Rather, they all, with round eyed innocence, said they kept it, waiting to see if the information could be confirmed or denied. To me, this proves conclusively that they were all possessed of a virulent strain of confirmation bias. Their gut told them beyond a doubt that this document was dreck. But their political and partisan brain told them to hope, just possibly, maybe, with a bit of luck that it was true. And so they kept it. And the fact that they kept it was not a secret. So when buzzfeed.com went public with the document they knew they had better fess up, not only to seeing the document, but also to not going public with it as it had not been verified. Nice of them. Whom did they expect to verify it. God? Intelligence agencies are not in the habit of verifying much of anything, and certainly do not randomly publicize juicy information on public figures. That sort of prize is kept for a rainy day in spy land. And if they have truly damaging information about suspected criminal behavior, the normal procedure is to hand it over to the FBI for referral for possible arrest, indictment and trial. As it was, to quote Comey, "no reasonable prosecutor" would take such a case on. To be blunt, no prosecutor, in his right mind, or tripping on acid would be seen within a mile of this libelous and putrid fabrication. True, information is often leaked. But this was not leaked; it was apparently a dirt digging report commissioned by someone opposed to Trump and the commission was carried out by a supposedly retired British spy. Clearly the spy got carried away and provided them and everyone else's uncle with this fake "intelligence", this unverified "intelligence", this patently stupid "intelligence".
Yet, BuzzFeed, in one of the more egregiously self-destructive moves of this bizarre post election season, saw fit, not only to publish it, but to accompany it with a statement that could be handed to any junior libel lawyer as a fait accompli, as his entire case, as his ticket to the bigtime and to a whopping fee. And it was signed off with this most incredible flourish, that BuzzFeed had no verification that the document contained any truth whatsoever. But whatever mad motive BuzzFeed had for doing this, the timing seemed perfect – right before Trump's first press conference as President Elect. As we mentioned before, "topicality is always suspect". But it does not matter to a suicide mission such as this. When the "information" bomb goes off, the guy with the explosive vest loses all significance. The target is the thing. Was it damaged or not?
Unfortunate for all concerned the answer is "not". Sure there was a lot of smoke, of hand wringing, and pearl clutching. But Trump walked away with his dignity intact and his enemies looking sordid, petty and prurient. True, stench like this, true or not, hangs around. But to whom does it attach? Where does it linger? Around Trump? Not likely. Clapper, that paragon of rectitude and truth-speaking, has already publicly declared the document to be spurious. It is the dwarfish equivalent of the Donation of Constantine or the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Trash. A blood libel. A basement dweller's masturbatory fantasy. No, the stink, unfortunately for them, hangs around the McCains, the CNN's and the other "news" outlets that glommed on to this drivel in the off-chance it might be true. The stink even clings to the outgoing President, what's his name. Because he saw it also. And he did not shut it down immediately. Powerless or unprincipled? As BuzzFeed said, you decide.
So, another act in the petty drama of the nadir of the queen of deceit, Hillary Clinton, draws to a close. Did she see the document? It really does not matter. The vortex created by her political aspirations going down the drain of history is strong enough to pull many people with her to their perdition. But they are not without agency, not mere collateral damage. They made their decisions and they die by them, politically speaking. Their true misfortune was to encounter the Coriolis effect of Donald Trump. Absent Trump, their mendacity and smallness would have remained concealed. With Trump they hit a category five hurricane. They may not recover.
* Terms used by John LeCarré in several of his spy novels such as Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Pink Retro Large Stud Earrings
Beautifully handcrafted stud earrings, created using polymer clay. No two earrings will be the exact same as I individually handcraft each piece. Unique and individual!
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Please see Care Instructions.


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text: June is quite easily the dopest month of them all, wouldn't you agree? Such the anticipated season, such glamorous weather – shorter hours, longer siestas, lunchtime snoozing at the base of an old oak, darkest of the dark shades strapped on, sand 'neath my feet, hot pink pedis, freshly glowing towheaded coifs – one (or 15) shades lighter, flowy hemlines, men gaping too readily; heiresses heading to the clinky, kiddie pornographers extradited all over the damn place; extraordinary renditions, stumping, speechifying and presidential debates. Hmmm… Lovely June, month o'my fantasies, born of longing for outdoors, freedom, escape and smoky bbq skewers; humid, steaming fierce fashion scene on NYC's real runways and strutways – chickidies owning the sidewalks literally in flames, all sporting strapless new shimmering wonders down la Rue de la Blah-Blue allowing only the merest glimmer of those impossibly floating lady-lumps, chunky-strappy heels, weightless glittering bronzer enhancing the peak-a-boo boobage, flying past Miu2, floating past Galliano without batting an eyelash extension. Aaah, so reminiscent of luminous teenage days of yore – Sun-In and fried red highlights, mosquito bites, splinters from the boardwalk, working hard at menial summer job in the kiln-like air, sweat dripping off elbows into the rainbow sorbet, slowly dehydrating from the sucking humidity into a puddle of former humanity. Them were the days, mis amis. Now, deep in the throes of summer's seamy grip (even though it's still officially spring on the watch 'o the seasons scale), it's time to get intimate with this summer affair – all day at the beach watching boats bob by, ignoring the cellphone, scanning for driftwood treasure, erasing work from the mind, dodging washed up shells on sugary sand, mentally retreating from the city, dipping brave big toe into the chilly surf and yelping in response. Get on out there 'n soak up some rays, synthesize that vitamin E, scrub down your face in the salty waves to tighten up pores, banish puffy eyes from partying all night and counteract the path that dern 'squiter brigade cut across your tender flesh, a veritable constellation of vampires traces (aw yah, the ocean is the first and last bastion of healing). Yes, it's glorious summertime, so flip off the depressing tube, shred those badnewspapers and tune into a different authority: the call of nature has been brayed; you have heard it and responded. So deck-out in your tighty-whitey summer sailor's suit, affix your mon captain's hat, press that faux anchor tattoo onto your yoga-toned bicep and click your Christian Labutin's three times. Salute those souls brave enough to brave NYC's steaming version of summer – Godspeed to you all and drink lots of water, lest you suffer the same fate as the Wicked one of the West, and melt away while shrieking hideously and wash out to sea. This would be most unseemly and very un-NYC-chic.


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Blue Whiskey Independent Film Festival will be rolling out its signature Blue Carpet at the Cutting Hall Performing Arts Center for the fourth year in a row, making the Palatine Park District facility the site of several Midwest premieres. Over the course of eight days, the festival will present over forty films from around the world of various genres. Following each film, audience members will have a chance to interact with the filmmakers either in-person, or via Skype.
"One of the most exciting things technology has allowed our festival to do is have a Palatine resident and moviegoer ask a question to a French filmmaker sitting in his living room in Paris," says Festival Director and Palatine resident Michael Noens. "We do our best to bring filmmakers out to spend time face-to-face with the audience, but when that's not financially feasible technology makes it possible. And the experience is incredible."
Noens founded the Palatine festival in 2010 with next to no funding or sponsorships. Now entering its fourth year running, the festival continues to grow and is proud to present compelling films among the likes of Bobcat Goldthwait's found footage horror film, "Willow Creek", and "Close Quarters", a unique coffee-shop comedy directed by Chicago-based filmmaker, Jack C. Newell. Additionally, the festival will present the Midwest Premiere of a 2013 Sundance Film Festival award-winner, "Mother of George". Winner of Best Cinematography at Sundance this past January and lead by acclaimed director Andrew Dosumnu, "Mother of George" will be the closing night film at the festival on July 27. The film stars Danai Gurira of AMC's hit series "The Walking Dead" and tells the story of a Nigerian couple living in Brooklyn struggling over their inability to conceive a child. The problem devastates their family and defies cultural expectations, leading the Adenike (played by Gurira) to make a shocking decision that could either save her family or destroy it.
"I'm excited to be bringing many different cultures to Palatine," says Marketing Director and Schaumburg resident Ashley France. "From Russia to Japan to Australia to the States, there's a little bit of everything."
Opening the festival will be the romantic comedy "Save the Date", presented in cooperation with IFC Films and directed by Los-Angeles based Michael Mohan. "Save the Date" stars Lizzy Caplan (from Starz Entertainment series "Party Down") and Alison Brie (from NBC's "Community"). The film certainly does not lack talent with writer/director, Michael Mohan at its helm. Mohan will be in attendance as he will be honored with the festival's Independent Filmmaker Achievement Award for his admirable accomplishments in the indie film community. Following the screening and award presentation, there will be a talk-back with Mohan.
"We're not all feature films either," reports Head of Programming and Schaumburg resident, Tony Schiavone. "We're screening more than twenty short films, as well as dedicating an entire night to music videos and live performances." On July 24, the festival will be heading over to Palatine's Durty Nellie's for a taste of the indie music scene. Featuring music videos from Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros to Palatine's own Murley (formerly Murley Shertz). Alongside the videos, Murley will be performing live on the Durty Nellie's stage preceded by an acoustic set from Chris Petlak (better known as Social Media Chris on 101.9's Eric and Kathy Morning Show).
Noens is very excited about this year's documentary selections. "We've got three documentary features and a handful of shorts, and they are absolutely riveting." From a beautiful and inspiring film following American musician Andrew Bird to a dramatic inside story exploring the monumental collision of interests at Ground Zero in the decade after 9/11. "They'll leave you with your jaw hanging and an itch for reflective conversation."
There's a little bit of everything in store at the 2013 Blue Whiskey Independent Film Festival, which opens July 21 and runs through July 28. For more information on the schedule of films, visit BWiFF.com. Programs are also available in the lobby of the Cutting Hall Performing Arts Center (150 East Wood Street) in Palatine. Tickets and passes are available in-person at the Cutting Hall Box Office (open Wednesday through Saturday from 2:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.), as well as online 24/7 at CuttingHall.org.
- Independent (Movie Genre)
- Arts and Culture
- Entertainment
- Movies
- Film Festivals
- Human Interest
- Save the Date (movie)
- Sundance Film Festival
- Politics and Government
- Community (tv program)
- September 11 Attacks
- AMC Networks
- IFC (tv network)
- Skype
- Bobcat Goldthwait
- Lizzy Caplan
- Alison Brie
- Andrew Bird


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We wanted to go exploring naturism and we did. All about naturism, naturists and nudists.
How we came into contact with naturism
We wanted to go exploring naturism. It would be something for us, we asked ourselves. We already had plans for a bicycle holiday from Maarssen, The Netherlands to Sylt (German island) and that would be a good opportunity to visit a few naturist campsites.
With tent, gas burner, the Naturism World Guide and the Naturist Federation Member Card just purchased, we went on our way. Just imagine. 700 km cycling to an island, not different from our nearby islands. Anyway we went cycling, into adventure of naturism.
The first occasion was the naturist campsite Hooksiel in Wangerland. This is located near Willemshaven in Germany. When we arrived it rained. Given no opportunity to see and experience what naturism is about. The campsite, located directly near the sea, is intended more for caravans and campers. Major activity there is sea fishing. The next day we went on to take the boat to Dagebüll, Amrum, a German North Sea Island and last stop for the mundane island Sylt.
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On Amrum arrived we went looking for FKK-Zeltplatz Amrum. FKK or FreiKörperKultur, is the German designation for naturism. The naturist campsite is set in the dunes, where you will feel and find the stories about the family in Thomas Mann's Buddenbrooks. You see there families with their big carts from the parking place, lot are full of huge pyramid tents to their season. I had the novel "The riddle of the Wadden" by Erskine Childers with me. It couldn't be more appropriate.
Here we experienced the naturism in all its essence. Exposing it on a nature camping. Car-free and in the evening an absolute silence. No shop, but there is of course a library. That is typical for naturist campsites. It is common that you left yours in the library. This keeps the books stock up to standard. One more feature of naturism is that there is no private showers. You can do this together.
This campsite was also a perfect place to draw. Nude models abound. Visit also my website Naturist Art. We stayed a week and then to move to the island Sylt.
Sylt is the North Sea island where the German naturism originated round 1920. See the unique video from that time about the history of naturism, FreiKörperKultur (FKK) on Sylt. On the island is not a naturist campsite but beautiful nude beaches. Beaches with that characteristic large beach chairs.
And how feels naturism? More than good! In your natural body leaving the tent, so walking around, feeling the sun everywhere is delicious. Naturism for us is feeling free in a way as we like. We have no particular fundamental motives.
Since that time, we have a lot of naturist campsites in France, Corsica, Belgium, Spain and of course The Netherlands visited. Most in France. On Naturist TV you can watch videos. A naturism gallery with interviews, naturist campsites and naturism in history. You will meet the naturists there.
> We describe the naturist campsites in France we visited
Who are these naturists
Naturists like to expose their nudity in public. This is the most clear and brief description. In addition, naturists represent a culture and a culture has characteristics. Our quest for this furnished the following in key words or tags:
[nude][respect][freedom][healthy][nature][environment][together]. This characterize the naturist. Or in a full sense described:
The naturist likes to be nude in public, in freedom, respect for others and environment. Naturists have a particular interest in health, nature and the environment. Naturists like to do and experience this with others.
You will find naturists on naturist beaches, naturist campsites and in all kinds of events organised by naturist associations as sauna and swimming days. Of course there are also travel agencies specifically with the naturism holiday.
A step further, the nudists. They want to be nude in all situations. Read the following section about nudism.
The nudist like to be nude or naked in all situations. He or she does not need the body, also in front of others, covering it.
Any negligence between the nudist and naturist is that both groups find sex and eroticism not a typical characteristic of their culture. Watch the video about an interview with a true nudist.
There is a group of nudists which the hair remove from the body and which sex have a prominent position. These are the nudest nudists. Read on.
Nudest nudists
The ideal of beauty of the nudest nudists is a smooth and hairless body. A naked body that can be seen. Often decorated with applicable piercings.
The band with sex and eroticism lies with this group, unlike naturists and nudists, much clearer. That experience you already have on their websites. Just look around on their website Nudest Nudists.


text: Librarycenter for learning print OneSearch | SARA Catalog Start your search here for books and articles. All Resources Articles Books Search print and electronic books, journal articles, and indexes Keyword Title Author Full-text sources only SARA Catalog only Search for articles online Keyword Title Author Full-text sources only Search for print and electronic books Keyword Title Author Go to SARA Catalog Access, Services, and Staff Find general information about policies and staff or consult our library blog for recent news and updates. Access Policies Circulation Policies Librarian Bios and Department Staff Proxy Server Instructions E-Resources We subscribe to a large number of subscription databases and journals to support research and scholarship at BLS. Remote access to these resources is restricted to current faculty, students, and staff. Consult the proxy instructions for off-campus access. Find a Source Databases by Subject Click here for instructions on accessing BLS Library e-resources from an off-campus location. Related Links: BrooklynWorks BLS Library Blog Research Guides FAQ Study Room Reservations Quick Links -- Please Select -- Bloomberg BNA CCH Services Hein LegalTrac LexisNexis Westlaw Library Details: Contact 250 Joralemon, 1st Floor Telephone: (718) 780-7973 Fax: (718) 780-7562 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Text us: (718) 734-2432 Library Hours - Library Calendar Join Our Library Social Networks Read the latest online journals, faculty scholarship, and more at BrooklynWorks.


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Hi all,
newbie here...
I am trying to use a camera connected to my raspberry pi to detect certain events (this part i have already written and it works). But what i want to happen next is for the raspberry pi to call a program on another PC which is running windows. I was thinking of using a usb and writing an interrupt service routine etc. The code has to work real-time.
I have not done any low level system programming since i took an OS course in my undergrad a brazillion years ago, so if there are any suggestions please let me know.
In case i was not clear:
Program (1) runs on rp3 and it waits to detect some event X
program (2) runs on another pc running windows and gets triggered by the rp3 somehow, when the even X is observed
My question is regarding how to connect program (1) to program (2), i.e., how does (1) inform (2) in a real-time manner (dont want to go in the route of using server client mechanism via HTTP/Apache or other IP based approaches, the response has to be immediate)
Thank you so much!


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The Alchemist and Action Bronson link up on a new track titled "Diagnosis" they did as part of the campaign for Dr. Romanelli's new clothing line with Coca Cola.
The Alchemist – Diagnosis (Feat. Action Bronson)
Action Bronson "White Bronco" (Official Music Video)
Action Bronson returns with his new single "White Bronco." Action Bronson has a White Bronco album on the way and this will be the…
Roc Marciano "The Sauce & Corniche" (Feat. Action Bronson) (Official Music Video)
Supporting Rosebudd's Revenge 2, Roc Marciano delivers a visual for The Sauce & Corniche featuring Action Bronson. Peep the music video above and then…
Action Bronson – Blue Chips 7000 (Album Stream)
Action Bronson gives fans a new installment of his popular mixtape series Blue Chips. This time around Action Bronson does it on an ever…
Action Bronson – 9-24-7000 (Feat. Rick Ross)
On Apple Music's Beats 1 Radio station Action Bronson debuted his new single "9-24-7000" featuring Rick Ross. The record appears on his new album,…
Action Bronson Drinks Top Natural Wine In France
Action Bronson visits YARD, La Buvette, and Le Servan in Paris, France with Clovis Ochin to test the finest natural wines. This is the…
Action Bronson – The Chairman's Intent (Official Music Video)
Action Bronson recreates an old school action movie in the visual for "The Chairman's Intent." The song lives on Action Bronson's new album, Blue…
Action Bronson – Funkmaster Flex Freestyle (Video)
Action Bronson freestyles at Hot 97 for Funkmaster Flex's new series. The New York emcee stopped by to promote his new project, Blue Chips…
Action Bronson – Let Me Breathe
Action Bronson returns with his new single "Let Me Breathe." Over hard hitting West Coast influenced production, Action Bronson attempts to get feet moving…
Action Bronson – Du-rag Vs Headband (Feat. Big Body Bes) (Official Music Video)
Action Bronson and his best friend Big Body Bes have some fun with a microphone on the new collaboration "Du-rag vs Headband". Along with…
Action Bronson Goes Sneaker Shopping
Complex takes us on an adventure with Action Bronson and Joe La Puma to Kith in Brooklyn for the latest episode of Sneaker Shopping.
Havoc & The Alchemist – Buck 50's & Bullet Wounds (Feat. Method Man)
With their joint album The Silent Partner dropping on May 20th, Havoc and The Alchemist team up with Method Man for a new single…
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Ancient Aliens makes it's Viceland debut with commentary from Action Bronson and co. in a hilarious 420 special.
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Thinking about getting a travel trailer or class b and wondering how I can legally carry firearms with me.
I live in SC and have a resident CWP there as well as a Utah non resident. I plan to start out in the southeast where my cwp covers me but may eventually travel farther.
What am I getting in to? Do I have to worry about state or national parks as well as state lines? I may like to have my 270win if I were to do some hunting while camping, maybe an AR, and as a minimum my handgun. I thought about asking on a camping forum but thought this would be a better place.


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by Yara SimonJuly 18, 2014
Rita Moreno and Rita Hayworth became movie stars, but they proved that Hollywood was not exactly the most welcoming place for Latinas or those with Latino roots. Some women had to hide any trace of their ethnicity to make it on the silver screen; while others worked outside of the United States and shaped the movie industry in Latin American countries. Regardless of how they made it to the top, these 10 women with Latin roots played an important part in the history of early cinema:
1. María Félix
María Félix
María de los Ángeles Félix Guereña was born in 1915 in Alamos, Mexico, and she became on of the most important actresses of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. She was nicknamed La Doña, and made about 47 films in Mexico, France, Spain, Argentina and Italy. She was offered roles in Hollywood, but she didn't want to learn English and she often didn't get the type of roles she wanted. "I was not born to carry baskets," she said. "They offer me native roles and these roles I'll play for my country. In foreign countries, I'll only embody queens." Paulette Goddard acted out a scene for The Torch that was exactly the same as Felix's in Enamorada.
Notable film: Doña Bárbara
2. Myrtle Gonzalez
Myrtle Gonzalez
Born in 1891, Myrtle Gonzalez is considered one of Hollywood's first Hispanic female movie stars. She worked in silent pictures, and was known for her vigorous heroines. Her paternal family came from Spain, and her maternal side came from Ireland. Gonzalez had a soprano voice. The actress died at age 27 of the Spanish Flu, but in her lifetime, she had 80 credits, which includes shorts and movies, under her belt.
Notable film: The Chalice of Courage
3. Beatriz Michelena
Beatriz Michelena
Beatriz Michelena was a silent era actress born in New York to Venezuelan parents. Not only did she star in more than a dozen movies between 1914 and 1920, she also started Beatriz Michelena Features, her own production company, in 1917. Michelena began her career as a singer. Her father was an operatic tenor. Though she was praised for her beauty, she was also talented and versatile, even doing her own stunts!
Notable film: The Woman Who Dared
4. Dolores del Río
Dolores del Río
Mexico-born Dolores del Río was offered a lot of cliched Hollywood roles. She got her start in silent pictures, and transitioned into "talkies," (films with audio) though her accent made it difficult to get substantial roles. She returned to work in Mexico, and became one of the biggest stars in her country throughout the '30s and '40s.
Notable film: Journey Into Fear
5. Anita Page
Anita Page
She was born Anita Evelyn Pomares in El Salvador and started working in movies with the help of actress Betty Bronson. She first started acting in the late 1920s, and was contracted by both Paramount and MGM. She decided to sign with MGM and made the transition from silent to talking pictures. At one point, she was one of the most popular stars at MGM, receiving the second largest amount of fan mail after Greta Garbo.
Notable film: The Broadway Melody
6. Carmen Miranda
Carmen Miranda
Carmen Miranda was born in Portugal, but she became a successful actress in Brazil. In the 1930s, she was worked as a singer and actress in Brazil. The following decade, she was in the Hollywood film Down Argentine Way. She was known as the "Brazilian Bombshell," an archetype she tried to distance herself from later in her career. Though she did not succeed, Miranda had made her mark on Hollywood. She was the first star from Latin America to have her hands and feet at Grauman's Chinese Theater, and the first South American to be awarded with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Jimmy Buffett even had a song called They Don't Dance Like Carmen No More inspired by the actress.
Notable film: Copacabana
7. Andrea Palma
Andrea Palma
Andrea Palma was born Guadalupe Bracho Pérez-Gavilán in Durango, Mexico, but came to be known as The First Diva of Mexican and Latin American cinema. She had small parts in the films of her cousins Dolores del Río and Ramón Novarro. She was even Marlene Dietrich's stunt double, and she used the actress as inspiration to create the character of Rosario for La Mujer del puerto, which was one of the most defining films of cine de pecadoras. She made a few Hollywood films and went to work in Spain. When she returned to Mexico, she became a character actor.
Notable film: La Mujer del puerto
8. Lupe Velez
Lupe Velez
Born in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, María Guadalupe Villalobos Vélez was able to succeed in Hollywood, but it came with the nicknames "Mexican Spitfire" and "The Hot Pepper." By 1927, she had moved to Hollywood. She was cast in The Gaucho. She started off with more serious roles, and then moved to comedies. She was the lead in Hot Pepper, and after a string of movies, she was getting parts written for her, specifically the character Carmelita Lindsay. She would go on to portray Carmelita for several movies.
Notable film: Laughing Boy
9. Miroslava
Miroslava was born in Prague, but moved to Mexico as a child and is known for her Mexican films. A beauty contest helped her break into the industry. Although she spent some time in Hollywood, she was only offered roles for foreigners or mysterious women. She appeared in more than 30 titles. She committed suicide over unrequited love and Mexican actress Katy Jurado was said to be the first to find her, and Jurado said Miroslava had a picture of Cantinflas, the Mexican actor, in her hands.
Notable film: Ensayo de un crimen
10. Libertad Lamarque
Libertad Lamarque
Originally from Argentina, Libertad Lamarque started acting as a child. The actress was in the first Argentine talkie, ¡Tango! She worked with Eva Perón in La cabalgata del circo, and her success was wide-reaching. She was influential in all of Latin America, and eventually worked in Mexican cinema, where she was already well loved. She became known as La Novia de América.
Notable film: Otra primavera


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General knowledge about National Signs of Pakistan
Every country has some specific signs which are called nation signs.
Following are the National Signs of Pakistan.
1. National Flower of Pakistan is Jasmine.
2. National poet of Pakistan is Allama Muhammad IQBAL.
3. National dresses of Pakistan are Shalwar Qameez, Jinnah Cap, Sherwani.
4. National tree of Pakistan is Dewdar.
5. National animal of Pakistan is Markhor.
6. During the Independent Movement national slogans of Muslims were ,
Pakistan ka Mutlab Kya La illa'ha Illallaho
History of Air Crashes in Pakistan a general knowledge update
General knowledge about Pakistan are discussed Here
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text: MauiSon Posted September 26, 2012 (edited) In a closed thread I found this post:Re: Rebel Yell (Posted 04-05-2004) - "Alex Farnsley worked at W.L.Weller and Sons with Julian Van Winkle in the late 1800's/early 1900's. They purchased the company about 1910 and George Weller became the President, with Van Winkle and Farnsley as Vice President and Treasurer. Farnsley also became President of the Bank of St. Helens (in what is now Shively) about the same time. Prohibition saw the retirement of Weller and the last family tie to the company.In the 1940's Charlie Farnsley became Mayor of Louisville. At the same time he started bottling a few whiskies for his own use and to give as gifts. He created the brands "Rebel Yell" and "Lost Cause". There is a label book at the U.D. Archive with a 1948 label for Rebel Yell. It is white with a cannon shooting a cannon ball. Lost Cause did not have a graphic design and was even more plain than the Rebel Yell label.In the 1960's to honor the cenntenial of the Civil War, Stitzel-Weller took the label to the public, but only below the Mason-Dixon line. It was a 5yo 90 proof wheated bourbon at that time.United Distillers decided to take the brand world wide and amde it available anywhere in the U.S. I thought this was a mistake - A better selling point in London or Paris or Sidney would have been "What can you get here that you can't get in New York City or Boston?". They also lowered the proof to 80 proof. It became part of the brand sale to Heaven Hill and Bufallo Trace in the late 1990's and was in turn sold to David Sherman.Mike Veach" Now for my contribution:I was researching Wendell Willkie and found that his brother Herman F. Willkie was a VP in charge of production at the Joseph E. Segram & Sons, Inc. distillery and co-authored a book, "Fundamentals of Distillery Practice," published in 1943. Another of his books, "A Rebel Yells," was published in 1946. Is the creation of the Rebel Yell brand related to the title of that book? Here's a summary of an oral history interview with Nancy Farnsley (11-14-1984, Univ. of Louisville):"Discusses the distilling industry in general and Rebel Yell whisky in particular; Rebel Yell was a brand owned by her husband; mentions HF Wilkie and Seagrams corporation; gives the Farnsley julep recipe at the end. Nancy Farnsley was the wife of Charles P. Farnsley." Edited September 26, 2012 by MauiSon Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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OasISS crew visits ESA Columbus Control Centre
ESA astronaut Frank De Winne and his OasISS mission crewmates Roman Romanenko and Bob Thirsk were welcomed on Monday at ESA's Columbus Control Centre near Munich. The centre supported De Winne's six-month mission on the International Space Station in 2009.
As the heart of European International Space Station (ISS) operations, the Columbus Control Centre (Col-CC) and its staff supported the OasISS mission throughout the six months, making sure that astronauts working in Columbus had a safe and comfortable environment and that the experiment facilities functioned properly.
"Our successful mission could not have happened without your 24-hour help and support. The quality of the support from Col-CC and from each of you made it happen," said Bob Thirsk, the Canadian Space Agency astronaut, who flew with his two colleagues from 27 May to 1 December 2009.
"We conducted over 1000 hours of science and around 100 experiments. As a crew of six, we always felt we were part of your team," he added.
Multiple OasISS mission 'firsts'
Reinhold Ewald, Head of the Flight Operations Division at Col-CC, underlined four 'firsts' achieved during De Winne's mission: "The arrival of De Winne and the other two members - with the other three crewmembers already on the ISS - marked the arrival of the first permanent six-member ISS expedition crew."
"On 11 October, Frank became the first European Commander of the ISS. Furthermore, for the first time, the five partners of the ISS – USA, Russia, Canada, Japan and ESA - were all represented in the crew of six in orbit."
"And finally, during Expedition 20-21, ESA's Columbus lab became the most-used ISS module for science in orbit."
Jean-Christophe Grenouilleau, one of two ESA Mission Directors working during De Winne's mission, said, "It is very important for us, the flight controllers, to meet the crew after the missions because the astronauts and cosmonauts are our ears and our eyes on orbit during the flight; they bring us unique feedback that pure telemetry cannot provide."
"We continually learn about the behaviour of the Station and laboratory in space and the crew is, in many ways, instrumental in helping us learn valuable lessons."
Always room for improvement
The visit provides a unique opportunity for the crew to thank the flight controllers for their support.
"These postflight reunions are not formal, just the opposite; they show to the crew and to the ground teams that they are inseparable partners. The astronauts know that they could not succeed without the flight controllers and vice versa," said Ewald, who is himself an experienced ESA astronaut.
"The Col-CC teams need this first-hand contact with the actors in space for some recognition for the long hours spent in front of consoles and to receive feedback; even sophisticated satellites cannot provide such feedback."
For the astronauts, debriefings and postflight visits are essential because they allow constant improvement in conduct of missions and support operations.
"There is always room for improvement. Our feedback will serve support teams as well as future crews. This synergy is necessary to keep running this state-of-the-art laboratory in a smart way for 10, 15 years or more," said De Winne.
Col-CC is located at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) facility in Oberpfaffenhofen, near Munich, Germany.


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MALMO, Sweden – Sometimes the best defence is a good offence.
Canada's blue-liners proved that on Thursday at the world junior championship.
The Canadian offensive output was bookended by goals from defencemen Griffin Reinhart and Derrick Pouliot in a 4-1 quarter-final win over Switzerland.
"You get production from your backend, it's big for you," head coach Brent Sutter said. "It's an added bonus.
"Every team wants to have so kind of offence from their backend. It becomes another dangerous component you can have on your hockey team."
Canada had been lacking in goal scoring from their defensive corps before Thursday's contest.
Only Aaron Ekblad had found the back of the net through the preliminary round.
The one goal scored by the blue-liners ranked Canada in a tie for last with Slovakia and Norway in that category.
Getting two goals from the group was a welcome change of pace.
"It's definitely nice," said winger Sam Reinhart, Griffin's younger brother. "They're definitely a big part of our team back there.
"They've been really smart all tournament for when to jump in the rush and they've definitely helped us out a lot."
"It's pretty important. We need to have that from our guys," added Sutter about the production. "At the same time, we expect them to be good defending too and they have been."
Leading the way was Griffin Reinhart.
He crashed the crease and deposited a chance created by captain Scott Laughton at 18:08 of the first period.
The goal opened the scoring in the game for Canada, the first time that's happened in eight tournament and pre-tournament games.
The older Reinhart then went in on a breakaway in the third.
He couldn't beat Swiss goalie Melvin Nyffeler, but wound up assisting on a goal by his teammate with the WHL's Edmonton Oil Kings, Curtis Lazar.
Lazar said Reinhart's addition has been a huge boost to the team.
Reinhart missed the first three games while serving a suspension because of a high-sticking infraction in last year's tournament.
"You watch him in the corner, shielding the puck, it's almost impossible to get the puck off of him," Lazar said.
Reinhart said he felt more comfortable with his skating and puck handling compared to his first game of the tournament against the United States on Tuesday.
The West Vancouver native started the season with the New York Islanders, but was returned to the Oil Kings without playing a regular season NHL game.
"I played him in pre-season with the Islanders," said Lazar, an Ottawa Senators prospect. "He was probably one of the best players on the ice there as well.
"He just has a knack for finding the seams and making a good pass and jumping in the rush."
And Reinhart sure put that into action on Thursday as he spearheaded the scoring punch among the blue-liner.
"It's something that the defence takes pride in," the 19-year-old said. "Everybody on this team can contribute offensively."


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Home-birthing Christian mom arrested after defying court order and fleeing state with babies
A Washington mother was arrested Thursday in California, more than a week after she and her partner fled their home before their twin babies and toddler son were to be taken into protective custody.
Erica Carey and Cleave Rengo claimed Child Protective Services intervened after the 29-year-old gave birth at their Bellingham home in October to a twin boy and girl, and their story went viral on social media and parenting websites.
The couple said they allowed paramedics to examine the newborns "to appease concerned family members," according to the website Medical Kidnap, and they said social workers visited when they declined a recommendation to seek further medical evaluations.
Carey claims social workers became concerned because she treated her older son's eczema with home remedies, instead of steroids.
"They wanted the authority in my household," said her 23-year-old partner, Rengo. "I told them, 'I'm a Christian and God gave me the authority in my household.'"
The couple, who conceived their first child hours after first meeting one another, has not applied for a marriage license but claims they made their vows before God.
CPS took all three children into protective custody shortly after that first visit to the one-bedroom apartment they share with Rengo's father.
"Every time it's like torment to my soul when they pull them away from my breasts," Carey said of weekly supervised visits when the children were in custody. "Those are my babies, they're our children — they have no right to them."
The Medical Kidnap report, which was viewed more than 1 million times, suggests CPS removed the children over home birthing, holistic medicine, and possibly even breastfeeding — but prosecutors cited the family's numerous contacts with law enforcement.
Prosecutors said law enforcement had encountered the couple 14 times since 2013, and an arrest warrant was issued for Rengo after he failed to complete court-ordered anger management as part of a plea agreement in a domestic violence case.
They also cited mental health issues for Rengo's father, in addition to their concerns over the couple's resistance to seeking medical care for their underweight babies and their 1-year-old son's pneumonia.
A judge offered the couple a "second chance" and returned the children in early December, but CPS obtained a court order late last month to place the children back in protective custody.
Family court proceedings are not public, and CPS has not said why the second order was sought or granted.
The department previously said that home births are not considered a child safety risk and was not a factor in their removal.
The couple was not home when social workers arrived to serve the court order, and the children were listed as missing.
No warrant was issued for the couple's arrest, saying the case was considered a civil violation of a court order and not a criminal kidnapping.
The couple was spotted this week in Santa Cruz, California, and police found them at a gas station Thursday afternoon.
They said the children were unharmed in the couple's Hyundai Elantra, and police said Carey became combative when CPS workers came to take custody of the toddler and infants.
She head-butted a California Highway Patrol sergeant and kicked a sheriff's deputy, authorities said, while screaming obscenities and begging Jesus for help.
"Send a message to America for me," Carey told a TV news photographer. "Children don't belong to the government. The government belongs to the people."
Carey was charged with refusing to cooperate with law enforcement, resisting arrest, and battery on a peace officer. Rengo was not charged.
A CHP spokesman said he could understand why Carey was so upset, and he said officers attempted to comfort the children during the incident.
"We feel for their plight," said Officer Brad Sadek, of CHP. "As often as we seem like machines following orders, it still can be emotionally jarring for us too."
"We're human beings," he added. "Everyone out there has kids of their own. We wanted to make it as comfortable for those kids as we would want for our own kids."
Watch this interview with the couple posted online by KING-TV:


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2018 Ford Expedition
Big, bold and fully updated, the Expedition has the goods to take the sales crown away from the Chevrolet Tahoe. Read more
2018 Honda Accord
The redesigned Accord boasts enough impressive technology and drivability to overcome a few missteps. Read more
2018 Volkswagen Passat
Although the 2018 Volkswagen Passat doesn't exactly excite, its consistent pleasantness won me over. Read more
2018 Lexus LX 570
Despite a luxurious interior and real SUV capability, the Lexus LX 570 needs cabin and technology updates. Read more


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Sample new tunes by Seven Tears!
Born out of the ashes of the promising band ATLANTICA, SEVEN TEARS are a newcomer band from Sweden in a PROGRESSIVE / MELODIC METAL style with a lot of influences from the 80's and with some Prog elements. Think of Evergrey, Last Tribe and Symphony X with hints to the sound of TNT, Journey and Pretty Maids.
Band members are Jonathan Carlemar (guitars), Fredrik Lager (bass), Kristofer von Wachenfeldt (keyboards, PLATITUDE) and Michael Sjöö (drums, SPEARFISH) and Zoran Djorem on vocals.
"Every Frozen Tears" is the band's debut album and shows already an incredible songwriting maturity and instrumental abilities. Watch out for a great new sensation in Progressive Metal !
– Sound samples in mp3 (Click on the song title to listen to a 90 sec. mp3 sample):
Seven tears is a cool band
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I ask my students to reflect on each unit. I, on the other hand, am going to reflect on my first semester of using reflection sheets.
* Not putting a space for students to write their name on this sheet was a huge mistake.
* And, apparently putting a box between "Unit" and "Reflection" is not a big enough clue to students that they should write the unit number in the box...
* It's been interesting to read the students "Why?" answers for which skill they are most confident with and which skill they found most difficult. Some students, of course, write things like "#2 because it's easy" or "#5 because it's hard." Other students have actually taken the time to reflect on what made a specific skill easy or hard for them.
* Either way, I'm excited that when I had back the packets at the end of the year to review for the end-of-instruction exam that students will automatically have a list of which skill they need to work on the most in each unit to prepare. If I choose to do this again, I will be more adamant about students explaining why something was easy/hard.
* I like that students have to go back and look at their errors and formulate a plan for avoiding those errors in the future. Each reflection sheet is sort of a note to themselves to read/act on in the future.
* I had big hopes for the summary section, but it hasn't worked out exactly as I'd anticipated. For the one word summary, I had meant for students to choose one math word that summed up the unit. But, a lot of my students are picking words that describe how they feel about the unit such as "challenging." Or, they're like my stats students who summarize our box plot unit as "boxy."
* For the one sentence summary, I'm realizing that many of my students don't know how to write a sentence. One word is not a sentence! These sentences are almost always their opinion of the unit. I guess I'm still getting feedback about what they feel, so it's not what I was intending but it's also not useless.
* Lastly, students have to do a mind map summary. Mind map. Concept map. Bubble map. Web. Whatever you want to call it. I had this vision that students would comb through their notes and put a lot of thought into this. Ummm...no. They copy the titles of a few units into bubbles and call it good. A few students have been making a number line of sorts and ranking the skills from easy to hard. Basically, I've been letting students turn in their reflection sheets if they have something written there.
* I need to do a better job of holding kids accountable for doing things the way I want them to.
At the bottom of the form, there's a place for me to mark off if they submitted their reflection sheet, completed quizzes, and notebook for grading. I keep the reflection sheet/quizzes in a filing cabinet, and I'll pass them back at the end of the year for them to review. I'm hoping this makes review go much smoother.
A copy of my file is uploaded here.


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Lyon offers a variety of industrial shelving. The 8000 series 8344SX steel shelving starter comes with 8 extra heavy-duty shelves. This metal shelving unit has both a closed back and sides. You can use it either against a wall or as a wall to divide 2 areas. This shelving unit is great for the storage of either heavy equipment, pumps, or motors. Each 8344SX steel shelving starter includes 2 closed upright assemblies. An upright assembly consists of 2 closed t-posts. We make the t-post out of tough, durable hot-rolled steel. This unit also comes with a closed shelving back.
Lyon's patented box design provides added support to both the front and rear of the shelf. The lapped and welded shelf corners also provide added strength and durability. The included shelf clips quickly lock into place on either side of the uprights without tools. You can easily adjust your shelves on 1-1/2 inch centers. 48 inch by 18 inch extra heavy duty steel shelves can hold up to 700 lbs. We make them out of 18-gauge steel. The 8344SX steel shelving comes with 8 shelves.
Lyon's 8000 series is ideal for use as either warehouse or commercial shelving. Anywhere heavy duty storage shelves are needed, these closed shelving units provide the storage capacity you need. Expand your storage shelving units even more with additional shelves. 8000 series shelving comes in a dove gray powder coat paint finish. These free standing metal shelves can be used either alone or with add-on units to create rows of shelving. Lyon proudly makes their 8000 series shelving in the USA. They are also GREENGUARD certified.
8344SX Steel Shelving Starter Features
- 8 Extra Heavy-Duty Shelves with Clips
- 2 Closed Upright Assemblies
- Closed Shelving Back
- Made in the USA
- GREENGUARD Certified
View more Industrial Closed Steel Shelving from Lyon
|Overall Dimensions
|48"w x 18"d x 84"h
|Number Of Shelves
|8 Extra Heavy-Duty Shelves
|Capacity Per Level
|700 lbs
|18 Gauge Shelves
|Starter Or Add On
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8000 Series 48″w x 18″d x 84″h Closed Steel Shelving 8 Heavy Duty Shelves Starter$540.04
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K&N replacement for stock panel filter
Reviewed By Robert N (Texarkana, TX) Reviewed for a 1993 Toyota MR2 —3/30/2006 8:22 PM
Filter came packaged and boxed well. Panel fit the stock air filter box better than the OE panel. Will be buying other K7N OE replacement panels for my other cars soon.


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All about TV shows and movies from the 70's, 80's and 90's
Discussions about the movies of the 70's, 80's and 90's. Talk about your favourite movies, scenes from movies, worst movies, movie trivia and more...
Here We Go Round The Mulberry...
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This is the place to discuss the TV shows of the 70's, 80's, and 90's. Discuss your favourite TV shows, best TV moments, TV trivia etc.
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General chat about the actors and actresses of the 70's, 80's and 90's. Who was your favourite actor? Who did you have a crush on? Who have you had your picture taken with? Tell everyone about it...
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Talk about the TV adverts of the 70's, 80's and 90's. Which was your favourite advert? What was the funniest advert on TV? Which advert would you love to see one more time?
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The Best Pastries in West Hollywood: Luca on Sunset
[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="500" caption="Selection of Pastries"][/caption] If you are ever reminiscent of France and in the mood for a beautifully buttery croissant, you need not travel any further than West Hollywood. But not just anywhere in WeHo. Forget the scene and oversized, mediocre plates at The Griddle and walk two blocks toward Luca. At the cross-streets of Laurel and Sunset Boulevard lies the eatery that prepares some of the best pastries in the LA area. Only organic ingredients are used in all of their recipes, including organic flour in the construction of these beautifully baked goods - so you know that you're only getting wholesome goodness. The croissant is probably the best I've ever had. It comes out warm and embodies the perfect balance of flakiness, butteryness and finally, that pull-apart lusciousness in the center. The apple tart? To die for. The currant scone? A beautifully moist texture (despite the scone not having butter in its recipe). The blueberry muffin was super fresh. Clearly, no corners are cut at Luca - and this, I can tell from just the pastries. And all this, without even having had a meal there, yet. I wonder what else is in store… (And I'll have plenty of time to figure that out, since there's free in-house WiFi.) All pastries were hosted.
[mappress mapid="227"]
Open daily
Validated parking, Free WiFi
Luca on Sunset 7950 W Sunset Blvd West Hollywood, CA 90046 323.822.2900


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Moderator: Andrew
Seven Wishes wrote:"Abysmal? He's the most proactive President since Clinton, and he's bringing much-needed change for the better to a nation that has been tyrannized by the worst President since Hoover."- 7 Wishes on Pres. Obama
RedWingFan wrote:Now Deano can rap with "Chet".
Journey/Survivor wrote:RedWingFan wrote:Now Deano can rap with "Chet".
"Weird Science" "Twister" and "Titanic" are the 3 films of his that always come to my mind right away. And to a lesser extent "Apollo 13."
SF-Dano wrote:RedWingFan wrote:Now Deano can rap with "Chet".
Aliens and Weird Science are always first to pop into my head. Great character actor. Love his small bit in True Lies also.
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The word is out about this great video! "I am so impressed. First, for a lecture video, it is extremely well filmed and quite clear. Second, the magic and the thinking involved is absolutely phenomenal. I added three ideas to my performing repertoire. I cannot tell you how much material I typically have to wade through to maybe get one idea I'll use. I have been into magic for 26 years and see a lot of material in my position as Project Coordinator for a major magic distributor. However, I learned so much important information from this tape simply in the thinking and attention to detail. Bravo. I feel like I found the treasure chest with The Roberto Giobbi Video." - Tim Trono
This truly great magic video includes: Wild Business; The Peek; The Master Grip; Miracle Prediction; Card To Wallet; Sponge Ball and Bowl Routine; LePaul Envelope Nest. All receive the Giobbi treatment in this broadcast-quality taping using two camera angles!


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A Michigan farmer and a prospector form a partnership in the California gold country. Their adventures include buying and sharing a wife, hijacking a stage, kidnaping six prostitutes, and turning their mining camp into a boomtown. Along the way there is plenty of drinking, gambling, and singing. They even find time to do some creative gold mining.
732 Duane Street, Astoria OR 97103 | 503-325-2203 | Email
Copyright 2020 Oregon Film Museum


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Real Salt Lake goalkeeper Nick Rimando is up for MLS Save of the Week!
Rimando is nominated for his fully extended diving stop on Vancouver defender Y.P. Lee in the first half of RSL's 1-1 tie at Vancouver on Saturday. Rimando is up against Toronto goalkeeper Joe Bendik, Dallas goalie Raul Fernandez, D.C. 'keeper Bill Hamid and Chicago netminder Sean Johnson.
Voting runs until 12:59 a.m. MT on Friday - Click here to vote for Nick!