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South African Journal of Science
On-line version ISSN 1996-7489
Print version ISSN 0038-2353
S. Afr. j. sci. vol.108 n.1-2 Pretoria Jan. 2012
The first stratigraphic column in South Africa, from Hondius (1652), and its modern correlatives
Sharad Master
Economic Geology Research Institute, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
In 1647 the Dutch ship Haarlem, en route from Batavia to the Netherlands Republic, was wrecked in Table Bay. The survivors were encamped over the next year before they were rescued in a fort they constructed called Sandenburgh. Their successful sojourn in the Cape led directly to the establishment of the Dutch colony there in 1652. They survived by living on hunted cormorants and penguins, bartered cattle and sheep, and by drinking fresh water obtained from a well which they sank to a depth of 20 m. The sequence of sediments encountered in the well was recorded by Jodocus Hondius III, grandson of the famous mapmaker, in a book published in 1652, based on accounts given to him by the sailors from the Haarlem. A comparison of the stratigraphy recorded in the well (five sedimentary units) with the Pleistocene and Holocene stratigraphy known from modern studies of these coastal sediments, shows a very good correspondence in terms of lithologies and thicknesses, and attests to the veracity of the sources that provided Hondius with his information. This singular case of a detailed stratigraphic column is interesting in the light it throws on the rudimentary understanding of rock types, stratigraphy and hydrology by Dutch sailors in the mid-17th century, at the beginnings of South African colonial history, more than a decade before the study of stratigraphy was initiated by the work of Steno. The measurements recorded in the description of the well are some of the earliest quantitative data recorded in the history of South African science.
The beginnings of stratigraphic investigations in South Africa are generally attributed to the activities of the road engineer Andrew Geddes Bain in the early to mid-19th century.1,2,3,4,5 Sporadic accounts and descriptions of aspects of South African geology are known from earlier times,3,6 but stratigraphic information is generally lacking in the earlier reports, with the notable exception of the account by Barrow7 (1801) of the boreholes drilled at Wynberg and at the foot of Tygerberg near Cape Town in the search for coal in 1797.8
The earliest account of South African stratigraphy is to be found in a book published in 1652 by Jodocus Hondius III9 (1622-1655), grandson of the famous Dutch mapmaker and engraver Jodocus Hondius (1563-1612) and son of Jodocus Hondius Jr (1595-1629), and was based on information supplied by survivors of the wrecked ship Haarlem. An original copy of this very rare book (Figure 1) is in the Fairbridge Collection of the National Library of South Africa in Cape Town. The book was translated into English for the first time and published in 1952 during the celebrations marking the tercentenary of the establishment of the Dutch Colony at the Cape.10
Wreck of the Haarlem in Table Bay in 1647
Following on the discovery of the sea route to the Far East by the Portuguese in the late 15th and the 16th centuries, the Dutch had firmly established their trading empire in the East Indies in the 17th century through the activities of the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Companij (VOC), the Dutch East India Company.11,12 The Dutch had their East Indian headquarters in Batavia (now Djakarta), on the island of Java (in present-day Indonesia), and a continuous stream of merchant ships (Figure 2) sailed between the Staten van Holland (that made up the 'Republiek der Verenigde Provincien', hereinafter referred to as the Netherlands Republic) and Batavia by the mid-17th century.
On 16 January 1647, a fleet of three ships, the 500 tonne Haarlem, the 1000 tonne Witte Olifant and the 800 tonne Schiedam, under the command of Vice-Commander Reinier van 't Zuim (aboard the Witte Olifant) left Batavia, for the return journey to the Netherlands Republic.13 On 25 March 1647, the ships called and anchored at Table Bay, between Robben Island and the mainland, when a strong south-easterly gale sprang up and the Haarlem, with 120 people aboard, was driven ashore and stranded near the present Milnerton Beach.13,14 Note that the name of this ship is given as Haerlem in Van Riebeeck's journal15 and in van Oordt's English translation of Hondius,10 and as Nieuw Haarlem by Turner14, but, according to the records of the shipping registers in Batavia, it is Haarlem,13 and the same name is also given in Hondius' Dutch original in 1652.9 Bokhorst16 lists the ship under the name Haarlem, but says that more precisely it should be Nieuwe Haerlem. Gribble and Athiros17 called it the Nieuw Haerlem.
The captain of the Haarlem, Pieter Pieterszoon, continued the journey in another vessel, but a party under the leadership of Leendert Janssen (Janszoon) was ordered to remain behind. The other two ships of the return fleet survived the storm, and continued their homeward journey via St Helena, with the Witte Olifant arriving in Texel on 09 August 1647, and the Schiedam arriving in Goeree on the next day.13 The return fleet brought with it a letter by Leendert Janssen, dated 6 April 1647, addressed to the Lords XVII (the directors of the VOC), in which he makes mention of a well that was dug by the shipwrecked crew of the Haarlem.18
The Haarlem was laden with a valuable cargo which consisted of pepper, cinnamon, candy sugar, gold cloth, Chinese porcelain and indigo.12,14 The stranded crew of the Haarlem were tasked with trying to salvage the cargo. They built a 450 foot square temporary fort, called Zandenburch17 or Sandenburgh,19 for protection from the indigenous Khoekhoe, used water from the well, obtained salt from the nearby salt marshes along the Diep River, and lived off penguins, penguin eggs and cormorants caught or collected during foraging parties on nearby Robben Island.20,21 They also traded copper and tobacco for cattle and sheep with men from Saldanha (a Khoekhoe tribe known as the Goringhaiquas).15 The crew lived at the site for about a year before they were eventually rescued on 03 April 1648 by another fleet, under the command of Admiral Wollebrant Geleijnszoon de Jongh, amongst whose number was a young man named Jan van Riebeeck.16 When the crew were finally repatriated to Holland, they reported favourably on the Cape, and, in a famous letter to the VOC - the 'Remonstrantie', Janssen and Proot22 argued the case for making the Cape a stopping point for ships journeying to and from the Far East. Van Riebeeck23 then sent a detailed memorandum to the directors of the VOC, in which he discussed at length the views of Janssen and Proot.15 The VOC consequently decided to establish a refreshment station at the Cape in 1652, under the command of Van Riebeeck.
As a prelude to the Dutch occupation of the Cape peninsula, there was a demand for information about the Cape. This demand was duly satisfied by Jodocus Hondius III, who had never been to the Cape. Hondius compiled a description of everything that was known about the Cape from previously published writings by travellers over the past century and a half, as well as by descriptions furnished by the first Dutch expedition of 1595, and by the crew of the wrecked ship Haarlem.10 Another view24,25 is that the work is an anonymous compilation, and was only published by Hondius.
Hondius' descriptions of the Cape in 1652
Hondius (1652)9 gives the following description of the fate of the ship Haarlem, and its crew (Figure 3; Passage A in the online supplementary material) (translated by L.C. van Oordt,10 together with a footnote by Professor P. Serton):
On the eastern side of Table Bay is the Bight of Sardanje, where the Haerlem came to grief in 1647 about two and a half miles along the Bight, north of the Salt Rivera. The ship had been built merely one and a half years previously. The shipwrecked crew marked out a fort for their protection, and as there was no water, they dug a well about sixty feet deep. They first found a layer of sand six feet deep and then coral limestone a few feet thick; then there was shelly sand followed by clay. Below that, more sand was found, and from this came the well. The twelve ships that came there the next year, 1648, obtained sufficient water from it for their crews while they remained there.
Note that in the quoted passage, the 'Bight of Sardanje' refers to the area immediately adjacent to the modern Table Bay, as is clear from the map accompanying Hondius' description (Figure 4). The bay was originally called the Agoada da Saldanha (the 'Watering Place of Saldanha'), after Antonio de Saldanha who visited it in 1503, and this name persisted for over a century, until Joris van Spilbergen erroneously thought he had discovered a new bay, which he called 'Tafel Baay' (after Table Mountain), and the name has remained to this day.26 Table Bay is too cold for coral, and the original term 'Koraal-steen'9 should have been translated as 'limestone'. Hondius9,10 gives the following descriptions (translated by L.C. van Oordt with corrections)10 of the landscape, soils and hydrology of the area and its mineral resources (the footnotes are given in the original text, which is Passage B in the online supplementary material9)b:
A short distance beyond the tail of the Lion Mountain is the little Fresh River which is a stream rising in the foothills of Table Mountain, or in its higher slopes. The river usually flows quite strongly, but in most parts the water does not reach above the knees. In the year 1644 the crew of the wrecked ship Mauritius marked out a fort with 4 bastions across this Fresh River in order to protect the fresh water, but no building took place until this present year, 1652, when a fortress was begun on the eastern side of the same streamlet.
Approximately half a mile eastward in Table Bay is a river extending inland, named the Jacqueline by George Spilbergen. In my opinion this is the river which is about half a mile to the east of the Fresh River and called the Salt River, a stone's throw in width.
About a third or quarter of a mile to the right there is a small branch stream welling up like a little fountain and joining this one. Three or four miles up this Salt River there is a large patch of sand on which, in hot, dry weather sometimes so much pure white salt crystallizes (a hand's breadth deep), that it would be possible to take away a shipload of it.
In this region the earth is here and there very good for sowing, and is fit and suitable for living and for the cultivation of all kinds of fruit. The soil is very full of stones, shells and in some places, alternating with patches of clay and fertile soil. There are soft, white sandstones, limestones, and shelly sand, and crystallizations of pure white salt are also found.
There is ample soft white sandstone, limestonei and shells; pearlsk and natural deposits of fine white salt are also availablel.
Note that among the sources listed for his information, Hondius9 gives the Survivors of the Shipwreck of the Haarlem, and the First Dutch Voyage of 1595, being the first voyage to the East Indies, under the command of Cornelis de Houtman.27 Among the minerals there is mention of pearls, with the source of the information being Houtman's voyage. There are no pearls in the Western Cape, so the informants were mistaken - they may have been referring to nacre, or mother-of-pearl (e.g. in abalone shells, known in the Cape today as 'perlemoen'). The rivers and streams mentioned by Hondius9,10 have their modern equivalents as follows: the Fresh River ('zoete Rivierjen'9) is the modern Platteklip stream; the river called by Spilbergen the 'Jacqueline', and by Hondius the 'Salt', is the modern Diep River. Such abundance of salt as mentioned by Hondius9,10 is rare today on the Cape Peninsula; now the harvesting of salt occurs further to the north at Yzerfontein and Velddrif, which may be because of changes in the climate or hydrology of the Diep River system.
Location of the Sandenburgh site
Concerning the location of the site of the wreck of the Haarlem, and of the fort Sandenburgh, erected by its shipwrecked crew, Raven-Hart28 had this to say:
Hondius locates the wreck as in 'Sardaigne Bay' (a curioussurvival of the old name, now for a bight) at' milesc from' the Table Bay roads, and his map agrees, suggesting therefore a spot slightly south of Bloubergstrand. A letter from Van Riebeeck to Batavia dated May 25, 1652, however, gives 'fully 3 miles' from where he was building his fort, which better fits Skulpbaai.
Knox-Johnston12 took Raven-Hart's calculation at face value, and repeated the assertion that the position of the wreck was at Skulpbaai. A Dutch mile is actually 4.611 statute English miles, or about 7.4 km,29 which places the wreck at about 22.2 km northwards along the coast from Van Riebeeck's fort (the 'Castle' in Cape Town), corresponding to a position about 3 km north of Bloubergstrand. However, an entry for 20 May 1652, in Van Riebeeck's journal mentions that he paid a visit to the wreck of the Haarlem which was still buried in the sand, and that in that vicinity there were salt deposits in fair abundance.15 A further entry for 29 January 1659 in the same journal, mentions that an expedition was made to look for salt along the river which Van Riebeeck called 'Hollants Rietbeecq', now known as the Diep River, close to where the Haarlem had been stranded.15 The Diep River, and the Rietvlei estuary into which it enters, dry up during the summer months, with the estuarine lagoon becoming hypersaline and depositing salt in salt marshes30,31,32 - the salt that the expedition mentioned by Van Riebeeck had been after and the locality of the deposits of 'sghoon wit Zout' or 'pure white salt' mentioned by Hondius9,10. So, from the description of its location in Van Riebeeck's journal,15 as well as that by Hondius9,10, there can be no doubt about the position of the wreck and of Sandenburgh, which is unequivocally placed near the estuary of the Diep River, that is, close to the present Milnerton Beach. This position is in accordance with the calculation made by Serton.10 The position of the wreck of the Haarlem is also given on a map of the Cape Colony in 1656, which is stored in the State Archives in the Hague and was reproduced by Thom15 (Figure 5) and in a chart of Table Bay from 1664 (in the Leupe Collection, also in the Hague archives).17 Werz33 published a later but more accurate map, drawn in 1786, from the VOC Archives in the Hague, which depicts the location of the Haarlem campsite amongst the dunes due west of Rietvlei, east of Whale Rock, south of Table View, and well north of the Diep River estuary and the modern Milnerton lighthouse, probably just north of the modern Sunset Beach. Shards of Chinese porcelain, supposedly from the wreck of the Haarlem, have been found on the beach a little north of the Milnerton lighthouse, near the presumed position of the shipwreck.14 However, the finds of porcelain by themselves are not conclusive because 40 years after the wreck of the Haarlem, another homeward-bound Dutch ship, the Oosterland, was wrecked on 24 May 1697, in the same area, south of the estuary of the Diep River.13,14,33,34,35
Stratigraphy of the Sandenburgh site and its modern correlatives
The coastal region of the Western Cape Province, stretching northwards from Cape Town towards Saldanha Bay is dominated by Cenozoic sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Miocene to Recent, overlying a basement consisting of the Neoproterozoic Malmesbury siltstones and Cape granites.36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43 Rogers38 divided the Cenozoic rocks of this coastal stretch into the Elandsfontyn (Late Miocene), Varswater (Early Pliocene) and Bredasdorp (Pleistocene to Holocene) Formations.
The Diep River estuary was studied in great detail, utilising borehole cores, by Schalke36. This area of the coast is characterised by aeolian transport of siliciclastic sand, brought to the coast by rivers draining the inland mountains.41,44 Farther north there is an increase in the proportion of carbonate sand, made up mainly of fragments of the molluscs Choromytilus meridionalis, Donax serra and Patella spp.44 On the seaward side of the Diep River estuary, near the site of the wreck of the Haarlem and of the fort Sandenburgh, exposures of shelly deposits on raised beaches were uncovered by storms in 1974 and 1983, and were described by Kensley45,46. Kensley45 gives the following description of the strata near Milnerton:
In June 1974, during the heavy winter weather experienced in Table Bay, a NW storm coincided with a spring tide. The resultant exceptionally high and powerful wave action scoured away a section of the beach and fringing sand dunes just below the Milnerton lighthouse, and exposed a deposit of shells, containing abundant remains of the common black mussel Choromytilus meridionalis, as well as those of species which do not now occur in Table Bay or the West Coast, thus indicating a Pleistocene age. The deposits are located about 100 m N of the Milnerton lighthouse on the shores of Table Bay. The molluscan shells were dated by Teledyne, New Jersey, USA, using the radiocarbon technique, and yielded an (uncalibrated) age of 33750 ± 1780 years BP, placing the deposit in the middle of the Würm period. The base of the shelly deposit lay on a bed of ferricrete, having a characteristic nodular and cellular structure. Above the ferricrete, there are lenses of black peat-like material, overlain by the shelly bed, which is about 1 m thick. The cementing sediment of the shelly deposit consists of coarse sand grains and shell debris, with occasional scattered rounded pebbles, and a few scattered pieces of limestone rock. There is a crude stratification marked by the alignment of bivalve shells oriented horizontally. At the top of the shelly bed there are gullies filled with black non-fossiliferous sand. Both the shelly bed and the black sand are overlain by a layer of white dune sand.
The shelly sand layer described by Kensley45 corresponds with the shelly sand layer described by Hondius9,10, and it is correlated with the Velddrift Shelly Sand Member of the Bredasdorp Formation.39 The limestone overlying the shelly sand corresponds with the Langebaan Limestone Member, whereas the overlying white dune sand corresponds to the Holocene Witzand Member, both of the Bredasdorp Formation.39 The radiocarbon date quoted by Kensley45 is a minimum age and is unreliable. Luminescence dating of human footprint-bearing sandstone above the same formations on the western shore of the Langebaan Lagoon has yielded ages of 117 kyr, dating from the last interglacial.47 The surface of the late interglacial Velddrift Member is capped by subaerial soil calcrete.39 The ferricrete underlying the shelly layer was regarded by Kensley46 as being homologous to the 'iron-stained gravelly sands' described by Tankard48 from the Ysterplaat area 4 km to the south-east. This layer is equivalent to the Diep River Gravel Bed of Schalke36, and corresponds with the aquifer intersected at 20 m in the well described by Hondius9,10. The clay intersected in the well corresponds in position to some of the peaty material overlying the ferricrete at Milnerton,45,46 and to the Killarney Clay Bed from the Diep River.39 The stratigraphy intersected in the well dug by the Haarlem crew, as described by Hondius9,10, is compared with the modern stratigraphic equivalents in Table 1.
In his description of the salt deposits along the Salt River, Hondius9,10 inadvertently provides the very first estimate of resources and grade for a mineral deposit in South Africa: the salt is 'pure and white' (a qualitative indication of its desirable qualities - a lack of contamination and a high grade) and covers a 'large patch of sand' to a 'hand's depth', capable of providing a 'ship's load' (an indication of tonnage).
Hondius' description10 of 'coral limestone' and 'shelly sand' is the first account of South African fossils (which we now know as being of Pleistocene age45,46) and precedes, by more than a century, the second description - that of fossil shells, from raised beach deposits near Port Nolloth, by William Paterson in 1779.49,50,51
Discussion and conclusions
The stratigraphy of the well dug near Sandenburgh, on the shoreline opposite the site of the wreck of the Haarlem, as described by Hondius9 is comparable to the stratigraphy of the Pleistocene and Holocene formations of the Cape coastal belt, known from modern studies.36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48 The good correspondence between Hondius' stratigraphic units and the modern data, in terms of lithologies and thicknesses, attests to the veracity of the sources that provided Hondius with his information, namely the survivors of the wreck of the Haarlem.9 The wholly empirical description of strata found in the well predated, by more than a decade, the publication of the two most influential 17th-century works on geology - the Mundus Subterraneus52 of Athanasius Kircher (1665) and the Prodromus53 of Nicolaus Steno (1669), which provided theoretical foundations for hydrology and stratigraphy. In the mid-17th century, the works of Georg Bauer (better known as Georgius Agricola), such as De Natura Fossilium54 (1546) and De Re Metallica55 (1556) were well established in Europe (including in the Netherlands Republic, e.g. at the University of Leiden) as standard texts on mineralogy, mining and metallurgy (in German and in Latin). However, none of Agricola's works, or those of his contemporaries, dealt with stratigraphy, or with the layering of strata.55 It was only in the early 18th century, following the influence of Steno53, that detailed accounts of stratigraphic successions in wells, unconsolidated sediments and in coal mines began to appear in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in London.56,57,58,59,60
This singular case of a detailed stratigraphic column predates by more than a century the next published accounts of South African stratigraphy, those by Carl Peter Thunberg61 (who gave a very basic stratigraphy of Table Mountain in 1778)62 and John Barrow (1801),7 who gave a description of boreholes near Wynberg. It therefore played no part in the development of geological stratigraphy as a science in South Africa, but is nevertheless interesting in the light it throws on the rudimentary understanding of rock types, stratigraphy and hydrology by Dutch sailors in the mid-17th century, at the beginnings of South African colonial history. Together with the measurements of latitude in early 16th century Portuguese roteiros,63,64 and records of magnetic declination dating from 1595 onwards,65 the observations of the thicknesses of the strata in the well near Sandenburgh are amongst the first quantitative measurements taken in the history of South African science. The application of quantitative and semi-quantitative measurements in the description of the water well and salt resources near the Haarlem wreck site is a harbinger to a whole new way of approaching the natural world, and the exploitation of its resources, which was to change forever the future history of South Africa.
I am grateful to Bruce Cairncross, Nic Beukes and two anonymous referees for their comprehensive and diligent reviews, which helped to improve this paper. I acknowledge help from librarians at the William Cullen, Wartenweiler, Geo-Maths and Life Sciences libraries at the University of the Witwatersrand, and at the Jagger Library of the University of Cape Town.
Competing interests
I declare that I have no financial or personal relationships which may have inappropriately influenced me in writing this article.
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45. Kensley B. A Late Pleistocene raised beach from Milnerton, Cape. Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Recent Progress in Later Cenozoic Studies in Southern Africa; 1975 May 31 - Jun 3; Cape Town, South Africa. Cape Town: South African Society for Quaternary Research, 1975; p. 8. [ Links ]
46. Kensley B. The faunal deposits of a Late Pleistocene raised beach at Milnerton, Cape Province. Ann S Afr Mus. 1985;95:111-122. [ Links ]
47. Roberts D, Berger LR. Last interglacial (c. 117 kyr) human footprints from South Africa. S Afr J Sci. 1997;93(8):349-350. [ Links ]
48. Tankard AJ. The marine Neogene Saldanha Formation. Trans Geol Soc Afr. 1975;78:257-264. [ Links ]
49. Paterson W. A narrative of four journeys into the country of the Hottentots and Caffraria, in the years one thousand seven hundred and seventy-seven, eight, and nine. London: Printed for J. Johnson; 1779. [ Links ]
50. Forbes VS. Pioneer travellers in South Africa. Cape Town: AA Balkema; 1965. [ Links ]
51. MacRae CS. Life etched in stone: Fossils of South Africa. Johannesburg: Geological Society of South Africa; 1999. [ Links ]
52. Kircher A. Mundus Subterraneus [The Subterranean World]. Amsterdam: Joannes Janssonius à Waesberge & Filios; 1665. Latin. [ Links ]
53. Steno N. De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertiationis prodromus [Forerunner to a dissertation on solids naturally contained within solids]. Florence: Ex typografia sub Signo Stellae; 1669. Latin. [ Links ]
54. Bandy MC, Bandy JA. Textbook of mineralogy. Translation of: Agricola G, De natura fossilium, 1546. Mineola, NY: Dover; 2004. [ Links ]
55. Hoover HC, Hoover LH. De re metallica [On the nature of metals]. Translation of: Agricola G, De re metallica, 1556. New York: Dover; 1950. [ Links ]
56. Bellers F, Hauksbee F. A description of the several strata of earth, stone, coal, etc. found in a coal pit at the West End of Dudley in Staffordshire, to which is added a table of the specific gravity of each stratum. Phil Trans Roy Soc. Lond. 1710;27:541-544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1710.0072 [ Links ]
57. Strachey J. A curious description of the strata observ'd in the coal-mines of Mendip in Somersetshire. Phil Trans. 1717;30:968-973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1717.0054 [ Links ]
58. Strachey J. An account of the strata in coal-mines, & c. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond. 1725;33:395-398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1724.0073 [ Links ]
59. Kelly J. An account of the strata met with in digging for marle, and of horns found under ground in Ireland. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond. 1726;35:122-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1726.0019 [ Links ]
60. Lewis J. Of the several strata of earths and fossils, found in sinking the mineral wells at Holt, in Wiltshire. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond. 1728;35:489-491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1727.0046 [ Links ]
61. Forbes VS, editor. Carl Peter Thunberg: Travels at the Cape of Good Hope 1772-1775. Cape Town: Van Riebeeck Society; 1986. [ Links ]
62. Master S. Plutonism versus Neptunism at the southern tip of Africa: The debate on the origin of granites at the Cape, 1776-1844. Earth Environ Sci Trans Roy Soc Edinburgh. 2009;100(1-2):1-13. [ Links ]
63. De Albuquerque L, De Sacro Bosco J, editors. Os Guias Náuticos de Munique e Évora, 1509 e 1516 [The nautical guides of Munich and Evora, 1509 and 1516]. Lisbon: Junta da Investigações do Ultramar, 1965; p. 196-197. Portuguese. [ Links ]
64. De Mesquita Perestrelo M. In: Fontoura da Costa A, editor. Roteiro da Africa do Sul e Sueste desde o Cabo de Boa Esperança até ao das Correntes (1576) [Rutter of South and Southeast Africa from the Cape of Good Hope to Cape Correntes]. Lisbon: Agência Geral das Colónias; 1939. Portuguese. [ Links ]
65. Beattie JC. Report of a magnetic survey of South Africa. London: The Royal Society; 1909. [ Links ]
Correspondence to:
Sharad Master
Postal address: Private Bag 3, Wits 2050
Johannesburg, South Africa
Email: email@example.com
Received: 01 Dec. 2010
Accepted: 18 July 2011
Published: 10 Jan. 2012
© 2012. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS OpenJournals. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
a.This distance of 2.5 Dutch miles north of Salt River, when measured by sea, brings us beyond Bloubergstrand. If we measure along some country track, or even the beach, and reckon with a certain over-estimate of distances in heavy sand, the Bight of Sardanje may mean the curving shore between Milnerton and Blouberg.
b .The translated footnotes to the original text are:
|i Information from the Haerlem.
|k First Dutch Voyage, 1595.
|l Information from the Haerlem.
c. Footnote by Raven-Hart: A Dutch mile is ~3 English miles.


text:
Verdict: Google Wins in Oracle Patent Suit
A California federal jury ruled on Wednesday that Google did not infringe on Oracle's patents in developing the Android operating system.
Following a week of deliberations, the jury in the intellectual property case has come back with an unanimous verdict that Google did not infringe on Oracle's Java patents.
"Today's jury verdict that Android does not infringe Oracle's patents was a victory not just for Google but the entire Android ecosystem," Google said in an e-mailed statement to Mashable.
The judge reportedly dismissed the jurors and the third phase of the trial, which would have covered damages if Google was found guilty.
Oracle also released a statement following the verdict: "Oracle presented overwhelming evidence at trial that Google knew it would fragment and damage Java. We plan to continue to defend and uphold Java's core write once run anywhere principle and ensure it is protected for the nine million Java developers and the community that depend on Java compatibility."
So where does the case go from here? The judge still needs to rule on 37 APIs to see if the sequence and structure of the software infringes on copyright issues. If he decides they are not protected by copyright laws, there would be no damages phase but Oracle may be subject to statutory damages of about $1 million. Note: This sum wouldn't come close to covering Oracle's legal bills.
If the judge rules that there is copyright infringement with the APIs, a new jury would come in and a separate trial would begin.
Oracle came into the case seeking $6 billion in damages.
Earlier this month, a federal jury issued a partial verdict in the first phase of the case. The jury found that Google infringed on Oracle's Java patents, but it was deadlocked around whether Google proved that its copying of Java was "fair use."
Oracle sued Google in 2010 over its use of the Java programming language and software tools. Oracle acquired Java when it purchased Sun Microsystems in 2010.
Image courtesy of iStockphoto, maybefalse

subset: commoncrawl


text: Amplified Speaker Packages OEM Speaker Replacement Kits 2013 GMC Savana Car Audio Upgrades GMC, formally the GMC Division of General Motors LLC, is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM) that primarily focuses on trucks and utility vehicles. The GMC Savana Passenger van offers accommodating configuration options with seating and cargo flexibility that are up for any crew. Here at HifiSoundConnection.com, we have a full selection of 2013 GMC Savana Car Audio Upgrades and Packages that will suit your car audio needs. These products were made to its finest by the leading names in car audio products today. Feel free to browse at HifiSoundConnection.com and purchase your very own Car Audio Upgrades at its lowest prices ever!


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The U.N.'s chief relief official for Palestinians is urging Jordan to stop discriminating against Palestinian refugees fleeing the Syrian war and open its borders to them.
The commissioner general of the U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees says "all refugees should be treated equally."
Filippo Grandi told reporters Monday that Jordan has been burdened by some 2 million Palestinian refugees over decades. But he disagreed with Jordan's decision to close the border last year to Palestinian refugees and called on Amman "to exercise maximum humanitarian efforts."
Last year, the New York-based group Human Rights Watch praised Jordan's admission of some 140,000 Syrian refugees but said officials have arbitrarily detained Palestinians in a holding center without any options except to return to Syria.


text:
Discover for free which first names would suit you or your baby !
Meaning of name Esmaralda
Etymology : Variant of ESMERALDA
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Origin : English (Rare)
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Who is she?
With a master number as the key to this first name, we are - without a shadow of a doubt, in the presence of a powerful personality! Apparently detached and reserved, Esmaralda is quite impressive due to her incredible poise combined with a solemn and even severe demeanour. Neither suggestible nor tractable, she is a responsible and solvent woman who intends to make it by herself without having to ask anybody for help, such is her proud and conceited nature... Such strength and determination can often make her come across as hard and unfeeling; but the truth is, she is no stranger to doubt and uncertainty, and is actually particularly emotionally fragile. Undoubtedly, Esmaralda attempts to make up for this by trying to convince everyone that she is a tough-cookie - and that includes herself! But however well she manages to hide it, her sensitive and highly emotional nature is no less potent. She has a great need for love and seeks to please others and be liked in return. The people that really know her also know perfectly well that they can always come to her for help, kind words and comfort. Nevertheless, she is selective in friendship and is unlikely to get close to others unless she considers them worthy of her time and trust. Her moral character is sound and her principles non-negotiable, she loathes superficiality and thoughtlessness. If she manages to live in harmony with the vibrations of the 22 - which incite great ambition and an enormous capacity for work, she will be capable of prodigious or even grandiose material accomplishment. But this doesn´t mean that she won´t have any obstacles to contend with; indeed, hers is a long and difficult path which involves a considerable amount of nervous tension. More often than not, Esmaralda experiences these influences an octave below, at the level of the 4; more restrictive, humdrum and monotonous, with possible difficulties in relation to the professional sphere (the 4/22 being karmic). Her destiny will depend heavily on her emotional environment - that is to say, her social, personal and familial relationships, because she often feels a sense of obligation or constraint in this area which can prevent her from attending to her own needs and desires... As a child, she tends to internalize a lot and can seem like a bit of a loner and it is true that she often feels quite alone. Thoughtful, responsible and trustworthy, she makes the perfect big sister. Her parents should be careful not to abuse these qualities and instead encourage her to socialize as much as possible! Her anxious nature can mean that she is already worrying about life´s potential difficulties while other children are still enjoying a life of ice-lollies and innocence.
What does she like?
A character in her own right, she enjoys solitude and is inclined to reflection and meditation, perhaps a little too much. She appreciates order and punctuality, while her lucid and rational nature confers her an analytical mind and a certain scepticism. All the same, she could equally take an interest in mystery, spirituality and the unusual. Emotionally, Esmaralda is too secretive, reserved, uncompromising and demanding to be truly understood or fulfilled in a relationship. Things would be much simpler if she could learn to communicate better and get the proud voice in her head to be quiet.
Get your free Personality test card now !!
What does she do?
Because she is a rather cerebral and intellectual sort, Esmaralda will be interested by research as well as all that is avant-garde. She could therefore be attracted by one of the following fields: science and technology, medicine, ecology, esthetics, decoration, fashion or dressmaking... If she experiences the influences of her master number, she could truly do anything she sets her mind to, and has the potential to be a roaring success.
Discover others girls first names : Eseld Esen Eser
*To note: :
It sometimes happens that two different first names have the same meaning. This has nothing surprising: both first names have the same figures of numerology. It is as in astrology: two persons belonging to the same sign present the same characteristic...
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Your Name Horoscope !
Thanks to the numerology, we propose you daily a horoscope personalized for your first name. Love, money , Shape: discover what waits for you for today. In Bonus every day find your daily lucky figure .. Horoscope of the first names
Love :Couples: Harmony will once again reign between the two of you. Singles: Make the most of your own company, you are unlikely to meet "the one" today.
Money :Today is a perfect day to clarify your financial objectives.
Health:You're lacking in calcium and vitamin D Esmaralda . Get enough sunshine and eat plenty of brocolli to keep your bones healthy!
Your Lucky number : 49


text: The second session of the PrepCom met from 22 August - 2 September 1994, at UN Headquarters in New York. During the course of the two-week session, delegates focused primarily on the texts of the draft Declaration and Programme of Action to be adopted in Copenhagen. The Secretariat"s initial draft met with much criticism for both its structure and content. Delegates" comments and drafting suggestions on the Programme of Action were then incorporated into a new compilation text, which was distributed at the end of the first week. Although the Secretariat, the Bureau and the delegates had hoped that the PrepCom would be able to produce a draft negotiating text by the conclusion of this session, this was not to be the case. Instead, the result was an unmanageable 200-250 page document containing the compilation text and all the amendments proposed by delegates during the second week. As a result, the Bureau was requested to convene intersessional informal consultations in October to facilitate the preparation of a new draft text to serve as the basis for negotiations at the third and final PrepCom.


text:
Overview | Meet Our Agents | Client Testimonials
«back to agents
Born and raised for twelve years in Texas, in 1960 Bob Hunsaker moved with his family to the San Diego area. After receiving his college education at the University of California, San Diego, Bob accumulated over 24 years experience as general contractor and in the land development industry.
In 1986, he went to work for a midsize development company as Vice President of Development. In 1992, he started a land use and construction management firm (The Highland Company), and formally began his relationship with Kerr Krueger Realty, selling properties in Valley Center.
In 1994, Bob and Cliff Krueger formed their Krueger Realty partnership as equal co-owners, opening our newest office in Valley Center. In 2005 Bob assumed sole ownership and management of Krueger Realty in Valley Center.
For our clients, Bob Hunsaker brings decades of construction and land development experience, builder/developer/professional contacts, and local real estate knowledge to the table. Bob observes, "We're not the tiny local office with limited market exposure, yet our expertise is local. We're not the giant listing mill that won't give you the attention you need and deserve, yet we're highly productive. We're really the best of both worlds for our customers".
After graduating from Valley Center High School in 2011, Kim Cucinella attended both Palomar College and Cal State San Marcos. In four years, Kim received her BA in Human Development with a concentration in Children Services, a minor in Psychology, a Life Coach Certification, the benefit of many hours of college real estate classes, and logged over 400 hours of volunteer credit working with at-risk children and foster organizations. In August 2015, Kim passed her exam (first try) and received her California Bureau of Real Estate license. Needless to say, Kim is energetic, thoughtful and bright - qualities that make her a successful real estate agent and a valuable asset to any client. Her 2016 real estate sales data prove this, but meeting her will even better convince you that she's the one to help you achieve your real estate goals. Give Kim a call at 760-532-4619 today.
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Cell: Bob: 760-535-8822 Kim: 760-532-4619
Office: 760-749-0999
Email: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Home > Quality Control & IS Codes
Format No - 7.9.2
|S. No.
|Date of Receipt of Sample
|Frog Mark (Sketch)
|Date of Testing
|Wt. of Brick in gms
|Area of Brick sample
|Load in kN
|Strength in N/mm2
|Average Strength in N /mm2
|Accepted/ Rejected
|Sign of (QA/QC)
Random Checking &
Sign ofPM/CM
PD Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Transforming construction for a new generation "Cost, Quality & Project management"
QS & Cost management, Bill Checking / Audit, Technical Auditors, Valuation, Contract and Tendering, Project Management, Project Planning, Quality Control, Consulting Engineers, Structural Consultancy
Civil N Construction Blog
Relevant Topics
Specifications For Water (IS 456)
Determine Flexure Strength Of Concrete
Procedure For Test Of Silt Content In Sand
Determination Of Dry Density Of Soil Core Cutter Method
Procedure For Determination Of Aggregate Crushing Value
Procedure For Slump Test For Concrete
Determination Of Water Absorption Coarse Aggregate Format
Initial And Final Setting Test Of Cement Format
Concrete Quantite Register Grade Wise Summary Format
Procedure For Determination Of Water Content In Soil
Procedure For Determination Of Elongation Index Of Coarse Aggregate
Aggregate Crushing Value Test Format
Water Test Report Register Format
Testing Of Cement Testing Of Cement Field Test
Procedure For Sieve Analysis Of Fine Aggregates
Compressive Strength Test Of Bricks Format
Efflorescence Status Of Bricks Format
Procedure For Determination Of Flakiness Index Of Coarse Aggregate
Sieve Analysis For Coarse Aggregate Format
Procedure For Determination Standard Consistency Of Cement
Verification Of Compression Testing Machine Oil Leakage
Rolling Margin Register Format
Determination Of Specific Geavity Fine Aggregate Format
Concrete Quantity Register Pouring Details Format
Procedure For Sieve Analysis Of Coarse Aggregates
Dimension Test Of Bricks Format
Slump Ans Temp Register For Concrete Format
Consistency Of Standared Cement Paste Format
Rolling Margin Register Total Quantity Format
Procedure For Determination Of Aggregate Impact Value
Determination Of Specific Gravity And Water Absorption Of Fine Aggregates
Procedure For Compressive Strength Testing For Concrete
Incoming Material Receiving Register Format
Determination Of Specific Gravity And Water Absorption Of Coarse Aggregate
Internal Qa And Qc Audit Observation Format
Verification Of Mechanical Weigh Balance
Determination Of Water Absorption Of Bricks
List Of Site Laboratory Equipment
Flakiness Index Of Coarse Aggregate Format
Determination Of Efflorescence Of Bricks
Determination Of Specific Gravity Coarse Aggregate Format
Procedure For Determination Fineness Of Cement
Concrete Quantity Register Month Wise Summary Format
Water Absorption Test Of Bricks Format
List Of Records To Be Maintained Qc Qa
Fineness Test Of Cement Format
Procedure For Determination Compressive Strength Test Of Cement
Aggregate Impact Value Test Format
Elongation Index Of Coarse Aggregate Format
Procedure For Determination Of Compressive Strength Of Bricks
Material Test Plan Civil Works
Soundness Test Of Cement Format
Procedure For Determination Setting Time Of Cement
Fineness Test Of Flyash Format
Field Dry Density Of Soil By Core Cutter Method Format
Bend And Reband Test Of Steel Format
Determination Of Water Absorption Fine Aggregate Format
Compressive Strength Test Of Cement Format
Sieve Analysis For Fine Aggregate Format
IS Codes for landscape developement and IS Codes for approaches to sustainability
IS Codes for steel and its alloys
IS Codes for threaded fasteners rivets and nails
IS Codes for timber bamboo and other lignocellulosic building materrials
IS Codes for waterproofing and damp proofing materials
IS Codes for building chemicals
IS Codes for building lime & products
IS Codes for clay & stabilized soil products
IS Codes for doors windows & ventilators
IS Codes for floor covering roofing & other finishes
IS Codes for paints and allied products
IS Codes for polymers plastics & geosynthetics geotextiles
IS Codes gypsum based materials
IS Codes Safety and IS Codes For Demolition and Dismantling
IS Codes for composite matrix products
IS Codes for cement & concrete
IS Codes for builder's hardware
IS Codes for aluminium & other light metals & their alloys
Quality Control (QC), Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Control Utilizes Tools and techniques
Quality Assurance manual (QAM), Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
Quality Audits, Quality Assurance Formulations
Quality Control Method Statement, Pre- Construction Stage, Construction Stage, Post- Construction Stage
Quality Control Plan, Quality Control System, Quality control of materials, Quality control of workers, Quality control of execution
IS Codes for air conditioning heating and mechanical ventilation
IS Codes for drainage and sanitation
IS Codes for electrical and allied installations
is codes for firefighting and life safety
IS Codes for lighting and natural ventilation
IS Codes for solid waste management and IS Codes for gas supply
is codes for thermal insulation materials
is codes for welding electrodes and wires
IS Codes for electrical wiring fittings and accessories
IS Codes for conductors & cables
PD Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Transforming construction for a new generation "Cost, Quality & Project management"
QS & Cost management, Bill Checking / Audit, Technical Auditors, Valuation, Contract and Tendering, Project Management, Project Planning, Quality Control, Consulting Engineers, Structural Consultancy


text:
My name is Debbie Vinci and I am a digital photographer with a passion for floral, architectural and landscape photography.
Like most of us, I have been doing something artistic since I was a child. I was always drawing or painting--won my first art contest in the 3rd grade (still have my blue ribbon). It wasn't until I was given a digital camera that I finally found the perfect way to express myself and life has never been the same since.
If you would like to see more of my work, please visit my website, DaVinci Designs (www.davincidesigns.com ).


text:
Electrical Engineering
Electrical Engineering Fundamentals
Every aspect of modern life is influenced by electrical engineers. They design and develop systems ranging from massive power grids and global communications networks to tiny integrated circuits inside computers and personal electronics. Branches of electrical engineering include:
- communications
- controls
- electromagnetics
- electronics
- power systems
Important applications include:
- power generation and distribution
- sustainable energy systems
- manufacturing automation
- aerospace systems
- robotics
- sensors and instrumentation
- imaging systems
Our comprehensive curriculum prepares students to identify, formulate and implement solutions to real-world problems. Students learn how to use modern engineering tools in well-equipped laboratories, with activities that reinforce the concepts learned in the classroom. The curriculum emphasizes design and teamwork, and culminates in a capstone senior design project that integrates the material learned in earlier courses. Our well-established co-op program enables students to strengthen the connections between theory and practice in a professional setting, and provides valuable industrial experience.
Our Faculty
- hold doctoral degrees in a wide range of areas in electrical and computer engineering
- are actively engaged in both teaching and research
- direct industry- and government-funded research and development projects
- bring their extensive practical experience into the classroom
- advise undergraduate and graduate students in their research and design projects
Akron Advantage
Hands-on Learning
Our students experience electrical engineering firsthand through educational and research laboratories, including facilities for:
- circuits
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- electromagnetics/microwaves
- alternative energy
- sensors and instrumentation
- hybrid electric vehicles and battery management
- integrated circuit design and high-temperature electronics
- automation and wireless sensor networks
- optics and imaging systems
- communications
- capstone senior design
- student design center
Real World Experience
Our students gain important practical professional experience through the optional Cooperative Education Program. Co-op students alternate semesters of work and school following the sophomore year. They work with the engineering co-op staff to find positions that match their career interests. Co-op students earn competitive salaries while on co-op and graduate with one full year of professional work experience. They often accept permanent positions with their co-op employers upon graduation.
Qualifying students have the opportunity to earn academic credit while participating in undergraduate research, alongside faculty and graduate students in a research laboratory. Through this program, they are able to present their research work in technical publications and conferences.
Starting in the first year, students can join a wide variety of competition teams, working on projects ranging from firefighting robots to hybrid electric vehicles. Students learn to manage large projects, deal with budgets, and interact with students from other disciplines and at other universities. With their advisers, students travel to competitions across the country.
Recent placements include:
- FirstEnergy Corp
- Central Intelligence Agency
- General Electric
- Timken
- Lockheed Martin
- National Security Agency
- Cisco
Engineering Student Organizations
Interact with other engineering students and professionals in the field through organizations such as:
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- Association for Computing Machinery
- Tau Beta Pi (engineering honorary)
- Society of Women Engineers
- National Society of Black Engineers
- Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers
- Society of Automotive Engineers
- American Society of Mechanical Engineering
- Biomedical Engineering Society
- American Society of Civil Engineering
- American Institute of Chemical Engineers
- American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Sample Curriculum
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text:
CHICAGO, Oct. 8, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- The Midwest's largest breast cancer multidisciplinary continuing education event attracting over 300 health care professionals will take place this weekend at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science in North Chicago. The two-day event is co-sponsored by the Chicago Plastic Surgery Research Foundation, Inc., and Rosalind Franklin University. The conference brings together nationally renowned medical professionals, Chicago-area community breast cancer support groups, and cancer survivors to learn about the latest advances in diagnostics, genetics, cutting edge prophylactic and post-diagnosis surgical reconstruction options, and other newly studied therapies.
"Ensuring patients and their families have access to the most current and best possible local care and knowledge is the reason we created The Chicago Breast Symposium," said Loren S. Schechter, MD, FACS, Chief of the Division of Plastic Surgery at Chicago Medical School, founding member of the Chicago Plastic Surgery Research Foundation and co-creator of The Chicago Breast Symposium. "By bringing together leaders in their respective breast care fields for dialogue, presentation and group discussion, we believe we are fostering a level of vital information exchange that will better serve the needs of the Chicago breast cancer community."
This year there will be approximately 20 peer-reviewed abstracts touching on both patient and professional aspects of breast care and breast cancer study. For a complete agenda and abstracts being shared at The 2012 Chicago Breast Symposium, please visit www.chicagobreastsymposium.com.
Approved continuing education credits for the Symposium include physicians, nurses, physical and occupational therapists, social workers, and surgical and radiologic technologists. Online registration is still available at www.chicagobreastsymposium.com. For more information or to secure a group discount, please contact Amy Dennerlein at 847.967.5122.
SOURCE The 2012 Chicago Breast Symposium


text:
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text:
Despite European officials' push for labor market reforms in the struggling euro zone, the process of matching jobless workers to vacancies is deteriorating, according to Goldman Sachs.
Despite European officials' push for labor market reforms in the struggling euro zone, the process of matching jobless workers to vacancies is deteriorating, according to Goldman Sachs.
"We find the process of matching unemployed workers with vacancies has deteriorated in the euro area since the onset of the crisis... This is driven by the cyclical divergence across countries, combined with segmented labor markets," Goldman Sachs analysts said in a European research note published on Friday.
The analysts noted that job openings were predominately concentrated in Germany and France, while the unemployed were mostly in Spain and Italy. "Limited labor mobility prevents these from being matched," they said.
(View Slideshow: Countries With the Highest Unemployment Rates)
The financial crisis has had a significant effect on European labor markets and euro zone unemployment is at a record high of 12.1 percent. However, this headline figure hides significant divergence across countries, with the unemployment rate at 26.7 percent in Spain, but only 5.4 percent in Germany, its lowest level in over 20 years.
"The demand for labor reallocation across the euro area has risen… However, labor markets remain primarily national: while migration from the periphery to Germany has increased, it remains too low to absorb the required adjustment," Goldman Sachs said.
(Read More: Germany Sees Immigration Surge From Crisis-Hit Europe)
Goldman Sachs' research suggested the European Monetary Union (EMU) had a positive impact on the functioning of European labor markets at its instigation, including for the U.K., which is not a member. However, the effect seemed to have reversed since the onset of the financial crisis.
For instance, the analysts noted that 4.3 percent of euro zone companies are currently reporting labor shortages, similar to the level seen in the third quarter of 2006. However, unemployment is now almost 4 percent higher than in 2006.
A decrease in the efficiency of the job-matching process may be expected in a deep recession, because, for example, the long-term unemployed may become less qualified for the jobs available.
However, Goldman said historical data suggested the decline was mostly due to structural factors, rather than the recession. "Developments since fourth quarter 2011 seem to be more structural in nature, as the counter-clockwise cyclical pattern seen until then has not continued."
(View More: Europe's Unemployment Woes to Worsen: Pro)
—By CNBC's Katy Barnato


text: Sijun Forums :: View topic - pirate Log in to check your private messages Sijun Forums Forum Index >> Archive : Sep99 - Dec00 View previous topic :: View next topic Author Topic : "pirate" worthless_meat_sackmemberMember #Joined: 29 May 2000Posts: 141 Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 3:47 am Everyone should do a pirate now and then? Indulge in some of illustrations most hallowed cliches. Get "human anatomy" by Goldfinger (serious) A most mind numbingly impressive work. A must have. Too bad Christmas is over. I want to say again how impressed I am with the quality of work I see on this board overall. Many people have improved an incredible amount in a short span. I cannot stand how my work looks on this PC monitor. It's the exact same monitor as the mac. It frightens me. Back to top BradfordGuestMember # Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 3:49 am very nice, and i do agree myself, you rarely see pirate pics on here ------------------ firstname.lastname@example.com icq#:3704871 Back to top faustgfxmemberMember #Joined: 15 Mar 2000Posts: 4833Location: unfortunately, very near you. Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 3:49 am CRAIG! MULLINS! CRAIG! MULLINS! YOU CAN'T HIDE! :p ------------------ sky high with a heartache of stone you never see me 'cos i'm always alone email@example.com icq#35983387 http://faustgfx.0wns.org Back to top JoachimmemberMember #Joined: 18 Jan 2000Posts: 1332Location: Norway Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 4:01 am spoogy mama, that is truly awesome ! Everything looks very good, but what really turned me on the most is his pose, very solid and kind of tells a story as well....very confincing. I will try do do some pirate stuff, sounds fun. One thing I hate from not having artshool, is history of clothing and architectural design...so it might turn up to be silly (who knows, maybe I'll give him a m-16 by mistake). I'll go and watch that "good" tv-serie Sinbad now sad about gamma stuff on pc vs. mac. Why can't it all be the same. But contrasts looks good on this one. happy new year btw. ------------------ Joachim's Place Back to top BgmemberMember #Joined: 20 Jan 2000Posts: 675Location: Finland Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 5:07 am C***g, this is a brilliant piece of art. Worthless meat sack... I don't think so. ------------------ --- Timo Vihola http://www.mbnet.fi/~badgers/ Back to top CosmemberMember #Joined: 05 Mar 2000Posts: 1332Location: UK Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 6:46 am Class once again mr.Demon, I really like. His right arm looks like its resting a little unnaturally tho.. Can I ask, how long did this take you?? Hey it would be cool to turn this into a crazy pirate thread like the gasman one.. *Waits for the nod of approval from spooge* Back to top IsricmemberMember #Joined: 23 Jul 2000Posts: 1200Location: Calgary AB Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 8:06 am You have no idea how much I love pirates. Do you know how long it's been since we've seen a good swash buckler film?!?! The last one had gena davis in it. Anyway, this is really inspiring. I am still trying to get used to using really intense colors like this. good show Back to top AffectedmemberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 1854Location: Helsinki, Finland Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 8:30 am Hm.... Arr, where be the eyepatch 'n' the wood'n leg 'n' the hook? Ey? Now... Do I draw a gasmasked fellow or a pirate? Or do I go play Escape from Monkey Island? ------------------ Affected Democracy is a lie http://affected.xs.mw Back to top EviLToYLeTmemberMember #Joined: 09 Aug 2000Posts: 1216Location: CA, USA Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 8:36 am You guys are great. MAkes me smile... hehe. (go play escape form onkey island... save Elaine! ) [This message has been edited by EviLToYLeT (edited December 31, 2000).] Back to top TheMilkManmemberMember #Joined: 04 Nov 2000Posts: 797Location: St.Louis Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 9:06 am Hey Craig how come you changed your name anyways? I think this is awsome. I like how you can use something like canary yellow for a shirt color and make it look good. I try the same thing and it just don't fly. Hmm we should all do pirates that's for sure..CAN'T have enough pirate pics Back to top mickememberMember #Joined: 19 Jan 2000Posts: 1666Location: Oslo/Norway Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 10:01 am very very cool! I agree with Joachim. The pose is looking very solid, indeed and the colours are stunning. The red really make the picture glow.This one was done for yourself and not for some client? Great work worthless_meat_sack! Uh, i'm still in a very bad period at the moment. Can't draw shit, don't wanna start on anything either. I hope it will go away soon -Mikael ------------------ Mikael's artwork [This message has been edited by micke (edited December 31, 2000).] Back to top ShadowmanmemberMember #Joined: 26 Oct 2000Posts: 282Location: Glen Ridge N.J. USA Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 10:58 am Nice sketchy feel to the Brush strokes. Nice and loose! Back to top FrostmemberMember #Joined: 12 Jan 2000Posts: 2662Location: Montréal, Canada Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 11:34 am Spooge: That is another nice one from you -- not as gloomy and foggy as your usual, well done too! He really seems to be thinking - well executed, oh great one. It's always nice to see some of your works, always stunning and refreshing. Please keep doing so. =) Mikael: Seems to me like you'll eventually be coming back to us in full force. I think such periods where we "can't draw shit" is sometimes the result of us having learned something new or having developed an even better eye for certain things (an increase in visual perception) in art that we need to learn to integrate in our work. Or maybe I'm just being too analitical... and wrong. =) Hope you snap out of it soon my friend. Cheers! Back to top GeckomemberMember #Joined: 07 Mar 2000Posts: 876Location: Finland Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 11:53 am as a PC user I'm starting to wonder how different the pics are intended to look...this one doesn't make it to one of my favorites, it doesn't seem to have as much detail (or "noise") as the usual stuff we get to see. What I dislike is the face, I think there's too much contrast to fit the other parts in shadow. The whole piece makes less of an 3d impression than what I've gotten used to expect from you. Too sketchy for my liking I guess. ------------------ Gecko email@example.com GeckoArt.Net Back to top EviLToYLeTmemberMember #Joined: 09 Aug 2000Posts: 1216Location: CA, USA Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 2:15 pm What would be scary is if this person REALLY ISN"T craig... but I highly doubt that..h ehe Back to top Duckman2memberMember #Joined: 09 Nov 2000Posts: 232Location: Savannah Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 3:05 pm Heh.. great stuff and I did recive Human Anatomy for Christmas. The new name didn't fool me for a second and If were all wrong and it isn't CG than oh well Back to top AliasMozememberMember #Joined: 24 Apr 2000Posts: 814Location: USA Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 3:28 pm I was thrown by the name for a second and was excited that another great artist was here. Rats. Oh well. The attitude of the pirate is great, very hard thing you're communicating with his pose. I really like the colors in this, especially the stuff in the background. I also like the fact that this is a departure from your dark stuff. I want to see a bright sunny day in Atlantis by Spooge I think you should have jazzed up the foreground highlights more, in the shirt, sword and boot. But who am I [This message has been edited by AliasMoze (edited December 31, 2000).] Back to top FlinthawkmemberMember #Joined: 14 Oct 2000Posts: 415Location: Los Angeles Posted: Sun Dec 31, 2000 3:40 pm Great stuff, worthless_mea...er, uhm, spooge. I almost can't remember the last time I saw a pirate based picture in these forums. A nice departure from space men, knights, and mechs (not that there's anything wrong with that stuff ) Great lighting and a very nice pose going there. The only thing that doesn't read well is the bottom leg...it's a little too sketchy right now for me to make out what's going on there. Jeez, listen to me, I'm critiquing you, hah...but honestly if I were in your place I'd still want more critiques than compliments so you'll get both from me I really like the scene and the design of the costume. Anyway, great stuff...I hope you allow this to become a pirate thread much like the gasmask and mech threads, too. Glad to see you around. -Flinthawk Back to top burn0utmemberMember #Joined: 18 Apr 2000Posts: 1645Location: california Posted: Mon Jan 01, 2001 12:35 am anyone have pirate clothing refrence this is so cool craig, i agree the pose is stunning, the colors are awesome and so vibrent(sp?) keep it up man, id like to see something like this really finished by you also Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Sijun Forums Forum Index -> Archive : Sep99 - Dec00 All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Digital Art----------------Digital Art DiscussionWork in ProgressGallery/Finished Work Miscellaneous----------------Random MusingsArchive : Sep99 - Dec00 You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2005 phpBB Group


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Ukraine President Announces Truce With Protesters
Truce comes after bloody night of clashes.
Feb. 19, 2014 -- Following two days of bloody clashes in the streets of Kiev, Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovich announced a truce with opposition leaders and called for negotiations with protesters in an effort to prevent a civil war.
In a statement posted to his official Web site, Yanukovich said he met with opposition leaders, including boxer and parliamentarian Vitali Klitschko and pledged to end the fighting. At least 26 people, including 10 police officers, were killed in the violence.
The truce was announced about the same time the U.S. State Department said it had imposed visa bans on 20 Ukrainian individuals, including high-level government officials, who it said were directly responsible for the violence.
The Obama White House said, "A truce, if implemented, would be a welcome and positive step forward in pursuing that meaningful dialogue." The State Department, which has worked to end the confrontation, called the truce a "glimmer of hope."
The parties declared a truce and began "negotiations aimed at cessation of bloodshed and stabilization of the situation in the country for the sake of civil peace," according to the statement.
The brief statement included no details about how the truce would be implemented.
The opposition has yet to formally comment on the agreement.
Following three months of reasonably peaceful protests, centered on whether Ukraine should orient its foreign policy towards Russia or the West, protesters clashed with riot police at Independence Square in Kiev on Tuesday.
Protesters set tires on fire and lobbed burning fireworks at police, lighting up the night sky over Kiev Tuesday night, as the report of stun grenades and gunfire echoed through the city's medieval streets.
Protesters pledged not to move from Independence Square despite the presence of 10,000 of riot officers. By this evening, much of the fighting had ended and protest leaders were invited for talks with the president.


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Oneida City Police offer storm tips
Oneida City Police offer the following suggestions as precautionary measures for the storm weather that is predicted to impact the area late afternoon Monday into early Tuesday morning. While the severity of the storm is hard to predict, the possibility of strong winds and wind gusts are forecast.
Precautionary measures that can be taken:
Take patio furniture or outdoor furniture inside, as well as trash cans or anything that could be blown away by strong winds. Also, take in any signs, political signs, small ad signs or any sign that could be blown away by strong winds.
In the event of a power outage:
Have flashlights or battery operated lights available, and a battery operated radio for weather and news updates. Also, have fuel on hand for generators.
If outside during strong wind gusts, be aware of surroundings and for trees or wires down or coming down in the wind. Check on elderly neighbors if power is out. Have non-perishable food, first aid supplies, blankets available. Report any wires down and stay away from down wires.
Report any trees down in a roadway.
In the event of an extended power outage any emergency shelter that is needed will be announced.


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White swan hotel approved by the guangdong hotel first departure tax rebates for store
Date: 2018-03-09
In the hotel can shopping departure tax refund formalities.Recently, the guangzhou white swan hotel approved by the foreign tourists shopping departure tax rebates store, as the first departure tax rebates for the hotel industry in guangdong province stores, and successfully opened the departure tax refund application form.Guangzhou irs said, this is guangzhou promote departure tax rebate policy, important measures to optimize the environment of business tax is not only beneficial to the point with surface boost the enthusiasm of the hotel industry using the departure tax rebate policy, more conducive to promoting foreign tourists on trip around the hotel shopping consumption, promote the development of guangzhou tourism economy.
White swan hotel, said an official with the related foreign tourists shopping departure tax rebate is a very good policy for self-support stores foreign star hotel, is to attract foreign visitors in a major bright spot.
It is understood that the departure tax rebate policy pilot for more than a year in guangzhou, the guangzhou irs many measures and is committed to the departure tax rebate policy propaganda and promotion, in the international flights, subway, tourist attractions play video, use of Canton fair, guangzhou and other large shopping festival activities to carry out the policy propaganda, at the same time, through the port of guangzhou baiyun airport agent rebates for outgoing passengers to provide 7 * 24 hours refund services.
But with the development of a number of measures, guangzhou departure tax rebate policy effect is obvious.As of the time, the city has set up a public announcement of tax rebate store 74 households, for overseas travelers from 105 countries and regions around the world issued a refund application form 2006, involving sales of 36.62 million yuan, tax rebate should be 4.03 million yuan.February 1, 2018, departure tax refund shops in guangzhou that we have issued a refund application form almost 200 involving sales of 5.43 million yuan, up 55% from a year earlier.
Guangzhou, said an official with the irs, next will jointly finance, business, tourism and other departments, from the tax drawback goods store scale, and the characteristic, the respect such as tax refund service facilitation continue to expand the departure tax refund scale, promote the local tourism development in guangzhou, promote city international influence.


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I have never made a New Year's Resolutions. I figure, if I cannot get myself to do "whatever it is" during the year, then I am not going to follow through just because it is January 1st. I have not even gone to a New Years Eve party in many years and I rather miss doing so.
One of my grand nephews posted his New Year's resolutions the other day and it made me wonder about New Year's traditions. Like most research, you never learn just one thing, when you start digging.
Did you know?:
That, Auld Lang Syne is actually a Scottish song and is totally unreadable in English for me. I really like Hamish Macbeth and Bagpipes and the landscape of Scotland and the lilt in their speech. I just cannot always understand it. Thanks to poet, Robert Burns, who wrote it, and Guy Lombardo, who first played it in 1929, we have a tradition that makes us feel, on January 1st, like we are part of something greater, as people all over (okay, in your time zone anyway) sing the same song, at the same time, just with the wrong lyrics. Sort of like our National Anthem, eh? Check the link at the bottom of this post to view the proper lyrics.
That, Scotland is also the birthplace of Hogmanay (hog-mah-NAY). This is a "rousing" Scottish tradition of "first-footing." Okay, when did the Scottish ever do anything that was n0t rousing? That is why I love them so. "First-footing" is when neighbors visit each other for New Year's wishes. They bring a gift of coal for the fire (which would be really welcome this year) and shortbread (which, I have had honest-to-goodness Scottish Shortbread and it is good). It is sort of like our bottle of booze and cookies, which would be equally welcome. The part I like is that it is considered especially lucky if a tall, dark and handsome man is the first person to enter your house after the New Year is rung. Hmmmm, Viggo Mortensen, I will be waiting. (HAH! Betcha thought I could not figure a way to get him in for New Years?)
On to Japan: As a symbol of renewal, New Years is a very important holidame to bid farewell to the problems of the past and prepare for a new beginning, and houses are scrubbed, with this in mind. For several years now, I have said to myself "Whew! That year is done. It's gotta get better, next year." Now, I know where my problem lies. This New Year's day will find me elbow deep in soapy water. I am working on a good new year.
Then, in Spain, they eat twelve grapes at midnight. This secures twelve happy months. So, I will be scrubbing with grapes in my mouth.
In my Ancestral homeland of the Netherlands, at least the Dutch part, they burn their Christmas trees and shoots off fireworks to purge the old and welcome the new. Since husband is allergic to what they put on fir trees, I have a plastic one. Oh, the shame and totally non-burnable, so can I just burn the wood that is down from the tornado? I am hedging all bets here.
So, this year, as the New Year ball drops in Times square and millions of people in fancy clothing gather to swill their favorite drink , eat cookies, and sing Auld Lang Syne , I shall be down on my knees scrubbing the house and eating grapes and blacked eyed peas. This is a traditional southern dish and ensures I will have plenty of everything the rest of the new year.
And, what about my New Year's Resolutions? Those items the Babylonians are believed to have first made and broken?
If we just work at:
- treating each other with respect
- treating our world with respect
- and treating ourselves with respect
How can we lose?
It's the first time I have used infoplease New Year's Traditions check it out.


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It was a "Night of Classic R&B" at the The Wolf Creek Amphitheater on Saturday, July 23, 2016, featuring the O.G. of R&B– Keith Sweat, K-Ci and JoJo, After 7 and Al B. Sure!
Al B. Sure! kicked it off, After 7 broke it down old-school style with classic outfits and three-part harmony crooning, K-Ci and JoJo kept the momentum going by sharing their hits and Jodeci's and the O.G. himself treated the crowd to The Sweat Hotel live experience as a continuation of his birthday weekend celebration.
For info on events in the Wolf Creek Concert Series click here
Enjoy our pictures from the show……….
Hope is a music enthusiast and continual student of photography. Also known to rock out a quiet church or elevator with her current ringtone, Tom & Jerry's Uncle Paco, "Crambone".
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37 Comments
When a big show in FranceReply
Yes end today it became my reality. Oh myReply
I really hate I missed this show!Reply
How did that lady thats on the right make her hair stand up in this photoReply
Hey David, that was an action shot that was taken in the middle of their dance. Her normal hair was straight down.Reply
The Audicity of my hope.Reply
Have a good show tonite. Stay safe And blessed. Much love n respectReply
Great ShowReply
Chocolate and LIT chocolate…tasty treatReply
I doReply
the very Best Love itReply
❤❤❤ing Keith Sweat's new album. Dress to ImpressReply
Wow, what a great combination of all four guys singing up a storm especially Al b.Sure with his fine self. A true friend indeed.Reply
I bet that show, was the shitReply
I love that man Keith Sweat. I go to all the shows that I can as possible. I keep them on in the car and keep them on in the house that's my man my baby. Even if it is only in my mind and in my heart I'm good. God bless you and thank youReply
Just love the pic. Keith you're the BESTReply
Baby you were good to goodReply
I wish I was thereReply
Keith Sweat, Jodeci, After7,Al B Sure They are truly the real RnB entertainers! Their show at WolfCreek I was told they Rocked the house! I know for a fact Keith Sweat made the ladies sweat! Congratulations guys on a show well done!Reply
Sonia J Blair is was a absolutely Great Show and the intermission time was the Bomb The DJ And The Host had the Party Crunk!!!Reply
Wow !!! The Best of the Best .I have no doubt the Fans were kept on their feet. and the Girls downing their Thing that's what Art is all about showing your Talent.Thanks for sharingReply
With is wrong with their hair. Smh Keith you can do better than that come onReply
The dancers were caught in action. They had beautiful flowing hair.Reply
As Hot As It Was I Highly Doubt They Were Worried About There Hair REALLY!!!!!Reply
Dana Allen It was very very hot, but we endure to bring you the best!Reply
Grown Folks Music it was a a Great Show And will be There For Frankie Beverly Oct 1Reply
It is HOT everywhere so stay COOL ❤Reply
They were throwing their heads up and down and as their haD a came back up the photographer took the picture. So that made it look like their hair was standing on top of their head but actually it was not. God blessReply
Deborah Friday exactly 😉Reply
Bless you baby be safeReply
It was something i heardReply
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Central College is now the only remaining undefeated football team in the Iowa Conference, after the Dutch handed Coe College a 24-6 defeat on Central's Homecoming.
Sophomore receiver Jeremy Snead tied a school record with twelve catches; finishing with 137 yards and two touchdowns. The existing record of 12 catches was set by Randy Busscher against Ferris State (Mich.) Sept. 21, 1974.
Central also got 123 yards rushing on 22 carries from running back David Zachary; the third time he has run for over 100 yards this season. In all, the Dutch offense rolled up 455 total yards; while the defense allowed the Kohawks just ten yards rushing and less than 200 yards of total offense.
One of the leaders on that defense was junior Aaron Steenhoek of Pella. Steenhoek had six tackles, including three-and-a-half for a loss and two-and-a-half sacks.
With the win, fifteenth-ranked Central is now 4-0 overall and 2-0 in the Iowa Conference.


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NLCS 2013: Dodgers find themselves in tough situation after losing first two to Cardinals
For a moment, try to imagine two more crushing losses than the ones the Los Angeles Dodgers suffered in St. Louis this weekend.
Aside from an automatic tarp crushing Carl Crawford's leg in a freak pregame mishap, a worse-case scenario might not exist. And, it's not just about being down 2-0 in the NLCS, the result of getting shut out 1-0 on Saturday afternoon -- highlighted by a dominant ninth inning from Cardinals' closer Trevor Rosenthal, who threw all 14 of his pitches at least 97 mph in earning the emphatic save.
No, this isn't about failing to steal the Cardinals' home-field advantage. That happens all the time. In a best-of-seven series, with the next three games at home, that's not really even that big of a deal. This is about getting nothing out of their two best players.
-- Recap | Box score | Play by play | Photos | Schedule
Nada. Bupkis.
More specifically, it's about those two players -- starters Clayton Kershaw and Zack Greinke--performing exceptionally well and still having zero impact on the bottom line. This is about a squandered opportunity. The Dodgers couldn't have faced a better setup in this series against St. Louis; they had Greinke and Kershaw rested and ready to go for the first two games in hostile territory.
Because they were stretched to five games in their NLDS win against the Pirates, the Cardinals countered with 25-year-old Joe Kelly, who has yet to go a full season as a major-league starter, in the opener and 22-year-old Michael Wacha, who had made all of 11 starts in his big-league career, in Game 2.
-- Ethier, Ramirez don't play | Lynn to start Game 4 | Postseason drama | St. Louis wins Game 1
Kershaw and Greinke, who are both in the prime of their careers, already have Cy Young awards under their belts, and Kershaw will win his second when the 2013 award is announced this November. At least one win in St. Louis seemed a certainty, and sweeping these two games at Busch Stadium was actually a pretty realistic scenario.
For their part, Greinke and Kershaw delivered. They combined for 14 innings, allowed just six hits, three runs (that's a 1.93 ERA), two walks and struck out 15 Cardinals hitters.
But the Dodgers scored just two runs in the two games against St. Louis' youthful, powerful pitching, even though they had so many more opportunities. As a team, they left 11 runners on base in Friday's 13-inning game, and stranded six more Saturday.
So, the Dodgers are heading back to Los Angeles down 2-0 in the series. And that's not even the worst part of their sticky La Brea situation.
In Game 3, they have to face Adam Wainwright.
The Cardinals' right-handed ace made two starts in the NLDS against the Pirates; he went 16 innings, allowed 12 base-runners and two runs while striking out 15 Pittsburgh hitters. He's only pitching Game 3 because the Cardinals needed him to save their season in Game 5 of the NLDS. He'll oppose Hyun-Jin Ryu, the L.A. rookie lefty who managed to survive just three innings against Atlanta in the NLDS before he was lifted for a pinch-hitter.
Now, of course, as the past two games proved, a starting pitching edge doesn't guarantee anything. Ryu is very capable of bouncing back in his second career playoff start and pitching a gem. In fact, in his only outing against the Cardinals this year, he threw seven innings without allowing an earned run.
But, because they're already down 2-0, regardless what happens in Game 3, Dodgers manager Don Mattingly -- who has had a series full of second-guessed decisions -- faces another difficult choice. Does he bring Greinke back on three-days rest for Game 4, like he did with Kershaw in Game 4 of the NLDS, when the Dodgers led the Braves 2-1?
And if he does that, will he bring Kershaw back on three days rest in Game 5? He might not have much of a choice, because the other option is Ricky Nolasco, who was awful in his final three regular-season starts, hasn't started since September 25 and was bypassed in the NLDS. If Mattingly goes with his dual aces on short rest, he's knowingly deploying his best two pitchers in less-than-optimal conditions.
This wasn't in the script they wrote before the series started. This looks more like the rush-hour traffic report on the 405.