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Water SA
versão On-line ISSN 1816-7950
versão impressa ISSN 0378-4738
Water SA vol.34 no.5 Pretoria Out. 2008
Microbial community study of the process- and groundwater of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine, South Africa
PJ Williams*; AKJ Surridge; TE Cloete
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 0002
Investigating the microbial community of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine in South Africa has become a topic of interest. Micro-organisms could prove to be useful in bioleaching processes, resulting in the minimisation of the negative impact that certain substances, such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), have on the economic functioning of the mine. The objective of this investigation was, therefore, to determine which micro-organisms were indigenously present in the process- and groundwater systems of the mine. Groundwater samples and three different process water samples were collected from the mine, followed by chemical- and microbial community analyses. Microbial inhibition was observed in all the process water samples due to the relatively high levels of copper, chromium and zinc present. Aeromonas hydrophila proved to be the dominant bacterial species in all the process water samples, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Herbaspirillum spp. were observed in the groundwater of the mine. None of the isolated micro-organisms have been implicated in bioleaching practices, and therefore these organisms will not be included as candidates for the removal of P and K from the iron-ore of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine.
Keywords: Sishen Iron-Ore Mine, microbial community, process water, groundwater, bioleaching
The depletion of high-quality iron-ore (>60% Fe; <0.24% K) deposits necessitates the processing of lower-quality iron-ore (<60% Fe; >0.24% K) (Jian and Sharma, 2004; Taljaard, 2005). Impurities, such as P and K contained within the lower-quality iron-ore have a detrimental effect on the steel-making process, and steel-making plants charge penalties when purchasing iron-ore with P and K levels exceeding 0.24% (Yusfin et al., 1999). In the past, low-quality iron-ore concentrate has been blended with high-quality iron-ore, in an attempt to 'dilute' the P and K contained within the export iron-ore concentrate of the mine (Dukino et al., 2000). However, the low-quality iron-ore stockpiles of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine are increasing, and therefore it is essential to develop an economically and environmentally friendly process to reduce the high P and K concentrations of the iron-ore concentrate.
Micro-organisms could prove to be useful in the removal of the P and K from the iron-ore, as they may have metabolic properties, which could enable them to produce acids that may prove invaluable when applied in industrial practice (Gupta and Sharma, 2002; Lesniak et al., 2002). It is essential to determine which micro-organisms are indigenous to the mine environment before strategising how best to employ them to industrial advantage. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in the microbial community of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine environment.
It is hypothesised that indigenous micro-organisms already living in the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine environment are capable of using the P and K in the iron-ore as structural components for their cell walls and membranes, as well as many other metabolic processes, such as organic acid production, since the environment selects for them to do so. The purpose of this investigation was to determine which micro-organisms are indigenously present in the process- and groundwater of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine, as well as to determine the microbial diversity. To date no information regarding the microbial community of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine's aquatic environment exists.
Experimental design
Sample selection and processing
Process water samples (10 ℓ) were collected in sterile containers at three different sampling points of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine. The sampling points included water from the process dam, water flowing into the slimes dam, and water flowing from the slimes dam. In addition, a groundwater sample was collected from a borehole located within the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine. The samples were stored at 4°C until processing.
Chemical analysis of the process- and groundwater
The pH and turbidity, as well as the levels of ammonium, hydrogen sulphide, nitrates, nitrites, total phosphorus, potassium, free chlorine, fluoride, copper, chromium, iron, manganese and zinc were determined for all water samples by spectrophotometry using the Spectroquant® Photometer SQ 118 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Spectroquant® test kits (Merck) for each of the abovementioned parameters were used according to the manufacturers instructions. The pH of the water samples was measured using a Beckman Φ34 pH meter (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Fullerton, CA, USA).
Total plate counts of the process- and groundwater
Heterotrophic plate counts of the process- and groundwater of the mine were conducted using the pour plate method (Health Protection Agency, 2004a). A dilution series for each water sample was prepared in sterile test tubes using distilled water (dH2O) (Health Protection Agency, 2004b). One millilitre of each dilution was pipetted into a 90 mm Petri dish (Concorde Plastics, Johannesburg, South Africa), followed by the addition of 20 mℓ of liquid (50°C) standard nutrient agar to each Petri dish. Once the agar had solidified, the agar plates were incubated for 48 h at 28°C. Each process- and groundwater sample was analysed in triplicate. Following the incubation period, the bacterial colonies were enumerated and the Simpson's index of diversity (1-D = 1- Σpi2), as well as the Equitability Index (ED = D/Dmax) (D: Simpson's diversity index; pi: proportion of species made up of the ith species; Dmax: the maximum value D could assume if individuals in the community were completely evenly distributed).
Preparation of pure cultures
Pure cultures of each morphologically distinct bacterial colony, which was isolated on the standard plate-count agar plates, were prepared. Each colony was inoculated separately onto agar plates containing solidified standard nutrient agar. The agar plates were incubated for 48 h at 28°C in order to obtain single bacterial colonies. The procedure was repeated, followed by the bacterial identification. Suspensions from the pure cultures isolated from the groundwater sample were prepared, using sterile dH2O, for molecular analysis.
Bacterial identification of the bacteria isolated from the process water
Bacteria isolated from the process water samples were Gram-stained according to the method described by the Health Protection Agency (2007). Oxidation-fermentation (OF) analysis was performed by the Hugh-Leifson Test (Health Protection Agency, 2004c), using OF basal medium, supplemented with a 10% filter-sterilised solution of D (+) glucose (Merck), lactose (Merck) and sucrose (Merck). The oxidase test using N, N, N, N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (Aldrich Chemical Co, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) was performed on all isolated bacteria (Health Protection Agency, 2004d). Finally, the bacterial species were identified using the API 20E and 20NE identification systems as described by the manufacturer (Analytab Products, Plainview, NY).
16S polymerase chain reaction for the amplification of bacterial DNA from the groundwater sample
A 16S polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed by amplifying a portion of the 16S eubacterial gene from the bacterial suspensions prepared from the pure cultures of bacteria isolated from the groundwater sample. The following primers were used for DNA amplification:
PRUN518r: 5'-ATT-ACC-GCG-GCT-GCT-GG-3' (Siciliano et al., 2003),
PA8f-GC: 5'-CGC-CCG-CCG-CGC-GCG-GCG-GGC-GGG-GCG-GGG-GCA-CGG-GGG-GAG-AGT-TTG-ATC-CTG-GCT-CAG-3' (Fjellbirkeland et al., 2001).
All PCR reagents were manufactured by Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA), unless otherwise stated. The PCR reaction was performed in a reaction volume of 25 µℓ containing 150 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris-HCl (pH 9.0), 0.3% Triton X-100, 50 mM MgCl2, 10 µM PCR nucleotide mix, 5 pmol primer PRUN518r (Whitehead Scientific, Cape Town, South Africa), 5 pmol primer PA8f-GC (Whitehead Scientific), 1.5 units of Taq polymerase and 0.5 µℓ bacterial suspension. Denaturation of extracted DNA at 95ºC for 10 min was followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94ºC for 30 s, annealing at 51ºC for 30 s, and extension at 72ºC for 1 min (Bio-Rad Thermal Cycler, Bio-Rad Laboratories). A final extension at 72ºC for 10 min concluded the PCR amplification of the DNA. A reaction containing no DNA template was included as a negative control. The amplified PCR products were separated using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis in tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer.
Sequence analysis of the bacterial DNA from the groundwater sample
Sequences of the 16S eubacterial gene of the rDNA operon were obtained using primer PRUN518r. The sequences reported in this study were compared to 16S eubacterial gene sequences present in the GenBank database by using the BLAST program of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/ ). Matching hits with e-values closest to 0.0 were chosen for alignment. Reported and reference sequences were aligned using CLUSTAL X version 1.8 (ftp://ftp-igbmc.u-stras-bg.fr/pub/ClustalX/ ) (Thompson et al., 1997) and inserted gaps were treated as missing data. Ambiguously aligned regions were excluded from the data set before analysis. Phylogenetic analysis was based on parsimony using PAUP 4.0b8 (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony) (Swofford, 2000). Heuristic searches were made with random addition of sequences (1 000 replicates), tree bisection-reconnection (TBR), branch swapping and MULPAR effective and MaxTrees set to auto-increase. Evaluating tree length distributions over 100 randomly generated trees assessed phylogenetic signal in the data sets. The consistency (CI) and retention indices (RI) were determined for all data sets. Characters were re-weighted to the CI, and only informative characters were included, while missing, ambiguous and constant characters were excluded. Phylogenetic trees were rooted with Bacillus subtilis as out-group to the remaining taxa. Bootstrap analyses were conducted, retaining groups with 70% consistency, to determine confidence in branching points (1 000 replicates) for the most parsimonious trees generated.
Results and discussion
The chemical analysis of the process- and groundwater samples of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine is reported in Table 1. The pH of all water samples ranged between 7.25 and 7.80. The water flowing to the slimes dam contained the highest concentrations of copper (0.72 mg·ℓ-1), chromium (0.24 mg·ℓ-1) and zinc (0.44 mg·ℓ-1). This water also contained ammonium (0.23 mg·ℓ-1), hydrogen sulphide (0.34 mg·ℓ-1), high levels of nitrates (>90.0 mg·ℓ-1), nitrites (>3.0 mg·ℓ-1), phosphorus (2.4 mg·ℓ-1), free chlorine (0.6 mg·ℓ-1), fluoride (0.89 mg·ℓ-1), iron (0.52 mg·ℓ-1) and manganese (0.8 mg·ℓ-1). The water collected from the process dam contained lower concentrations of copper (0.29 mg·ℓ-1), chromium (0.20 mg·ℓ-1) and zinc (0.31 mg·ℓ-1), compared to the water flowing to the slimes dam, while it contained the highest concentrations of ammonium (0.39 mg·ℓ-1), hydrogen sulphide (0.41 mg·ℓ-1), phosphorus (3.4 mg·ℓ-1), free chlorine (0.8 mg·ℓ-1), fluoride (0.97 mg·ℓ-1), iron (0.66 mg·ℓ-1) and manganese (1.3 mg·ℓ-1), as well as high levels of nitrates (>90.0 mg·ℓ-1) and nitrites (>3.0 mg·ℓ-1).
In contrast, the water collected from the slimes dam contained only high levels of nitrates (>90.0 mg·ℓ-1), nitrites (2.0 mg·ℓ-1) and fluoride (0.74 mg·ℓ-1). These results indicate that the slimes dam is functioning properly by precipitating elements such as copper, chromium, iron, manganese and zinc. The groundwater, however, only showed traces of nitrates (10.5 mg·ℓ-1) and high levels of nitrites (>3.0 mg·ℓ-1) in the water, with all other elements below the detection limits, indicating that the groundwater table remains isolated from contamination with heavy metals and other chemical compounds and elements, which may arise from the mining process.
Table 2 illustrates the average plate counts obtained for each dilution of the process- and groundwater samples. When the bacterial counts for each dilution of the process water samples were compared to one another, it became evident that the bacterial growth was inhibited in all the undiluted samples. However, no inhibitory effect was observed in the groundwater collected from the mine. The inhibitory effect that heavy metals have on bacterial growth is well documented (Gordon et al., 1994; Yenigün et al., 1996), and therefore, it can be assumed that the inhibitory effect observed in this study is most likely as a result of the copper, chromium and zinc contained in the process water of the mine.
As the copper, chromium and zinc were diluted in the dilution series, the inhibitory effect decreased in all the process water samples. The inhibitory effect was diminished at a 3-log dilution in the water flowing to the slimes dam, compared to a 1-log dilution in the water from the process dam and the water flowing from the slimes dam. This indicates that the level of the substance(s) responsible for the inhibitory effect must have been significantly higher in the water flowing to the slimes dam than in the other two water sources. The total amount of copper, chromium and zinc in the water flowing to the slimes dam (1.4 mg·ℓ-1) was significantly higher than observed in both the water from the process dam (0.8 mg·ℓ-1) and the water flowing from the slimes dam (~0.0 mg·ℓ-1), as well as the groundwater (~0.0 mg·ℓ-1), confirming that these heavy metals were indeed responsible for the bacterial inhibitory effect observed during this study.
Bacteria isolated and identified by API analysis from the different process water samples collected at the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine, are listed in Table 3. Aeromonas hydrophila was found to be the dominant bacterial species in all the process water samples from the mine.
Comparing the Simpson's Index of Diversity (1-D) calculated for the three process water samples, it is evident that the bacterial diversity is greatest in the water flowing to the slimes dam (0.3279), followed by the water flowing from the slimes dam (0.2415) and water from the process dam (0.1677). Although the species richness of the water from the process dam is the highest (4), the population is dominated by A. hydrophila. The species richness of both the water flowing to and from the slimes dam was found to be 3, and the bacterial population was dominated to a lesser extent by A. hydrophila compared to the water from the process dam. This suggests that the species are more evenly distributed in both the water flowing to and from the slimes dam, compared to the water from the process dam.
Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative ubiquitous aquatic bacterium, which has been isolated from a wide range of water sources, such as river water, drinking water, as well as water distribution pipe biofilms (Havelaar et al., 1990; Chauret et al., 2001; Lynch et al., 2002; Bomo et al., 2004; Canals et al., 2006). A. hydrophila has been found to persist in chlorinated drinking water supplies as a result of biofilm production within distribution pipe systems (Fernandez et al., 2000; Bomo et al., 2004). A. hydrophila is able to produce cytotoxins and enterotoxins that are often associated with acute gastroenteritis, as well as wound infections in humans, and less commonly associated with septicaemia of immunocompromised patients (Janda and Abbott, 1998; Fernandez et al., 2000). In addition, A. hydrophila could also be pathogenic to fish, reptiles and amphibians, causing haemorrhagic septicaemia (Fernandez et al., 2000). The pathogenicity of A. hydrophila has been associated with toxins, proteases, outer membrane proteins, lipopolysaccharides and flagella (Merino et al., 1996; Negueras et al., 2000; Rabaan et al., 2001; Canals et al., 2006). Alcaligenes faecalis is a heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium, which is commonly found in wastewater treatment systems where it is used for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater (Nishio et al., 1998; Kim et al., 2004; Joo et al., 2007). The phenol-degrading ability of Alcaligenes faecalis in wastewater sediments has also been documented (Tong et al., 1998). Brevundimonas (formerly Pseudomonas) vesicularis is an aerobic, non-sporulating and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacillus (Segers et al., 1994; Gilligan et al., 2003), which has been isolated from soil, bottled mineral water and hydrotherapy pools (Aspinall and Graham, 1989; Morais and Da Costa, 1990; Davis et al., 1994). Brevundimonas vesicularis is an opportunistic human pathogen, which has mostly been associated with infections due to the immunocompromised state caused by underlying diseases, such as autoimmune disorders associated with long-term steroid use, end-stage renal disease treated by haemodialysis, and sickle cell anaemia with functional asplenia (Gilad et al., 2000; Chi et al., 2004; Choi et al., 2006; Sofer et al., 2007). Pantoea spp. belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family and are important pathogens causing intestinal and systemic illness in humans and animals, and are commonly found in domestic wastewater sludge (Vacca et al., 2005; Chale-Matsau and Snyman, 2006). Chryseobacterium (formerly Flavobacterium) meningosepticum is an opportunistic pathogen often responsible for nosocomial infections associated with water systems in hospitals (Squier et al., 2000). Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, which is typically found in water and soil, generally has low pathogenicity, but may be of clinical importance in immunocompromised patients, often causing neonatal meningitis with a high mortality rate (Ratner, 1984; Sheridan et al., 1993). Chryseomonas luteola has been implicated in the biosorption of chromium from industrial wastewater (Ozdemir and Baysal, 2004). Chryseomonas luteola was isolated from the water flowing to the slimes dam, containing the highest levels of chromium (0.24 mg·ℓ-1) (Table 1). Therefore, the possibility exists to use C. luteola during water treatment to remove the chromium from the wastewater of the mine.
DNA was successfully extracted from all pure cultures isolated from the groundwater samples collected from the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine. The PCR of total DNA extracted from the pure cultures isolated from the groundwater samples yielded a ca. 500bp fragment of PCR product on a 1% TAE agarose gel. No protein contamination in the walls of the gel or RNA contamination smears below the DNA bands was observed. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S eubacterial gene of the rDNA operon of the bacteria isolated from the groundwater of the mine is illustrated in Fig. 1. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that 5 of the bacterial isolates from the groundwater samples have a strong sequence comparison with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Verce et al., 2000) and a further 7 bacterial isolates a strong sequence comparison with a Herbaspirillum species (Probian et al., 2003).
Herbaspirillum species have previously been isolated from groundwater systems (Connon et al., 2005). These micro-organisms are able to exist in groundwater systems where nitrogen limitation prevails, due to their ability to fix nitrogen (Elbeltagy et al., 2001; Kirchhof et al., 2001; Connon et al., 2005). The fact that Herbaspirillum magnetovibrio was identified as surviving in the iron-ore (Williams and Cloete, 2008), and that nitrogen (~11 mg·ℓ-1) is limited in the groundwater, may explain why this bacterium is able to exist in the groundwater of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative rod-like bacterium, which is ubiquitous in soil and water, and commonly detected in great amounts in sewage contaminated by humans and animals, although its main habitat remains controversial (Pellett et al., 1983; Römling et al., 1994; Todar, 2004). In nature, P. aeruginosa may be found in surface biofilms, or in a planktonic form, actively swimming by means of a single polar flagellum (Sauer et al., 2002; Todar, 2004). Taking into account the low nutritional content in the groundwater of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine (Table 1), it is not surprising to isolate P. aeruginosa, as this bacterial species has very simple nutritional requirements (Todar, 2004). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and a major cause of nosocomial infection (Khan and Cerniglia, 1994; Römling et al., 1994), where it may cause urinary tract infections, acute respiratory illness (ARI), dermatitis, soft tissue infections, bacteraemia, bone and joint infections, acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) and a variety of systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients (Fegan et al., 1990; Hirarkata et al., 1991; Furuya et al., 1993; Todar, 2004; US Dept of Health and Human Services, 2006).
Except for C. luteola which may be used for the biosorption of chromium from wastewater, there is no indication of bioleaching properties for any of the micro-organisms isolated in the process- and groundwater systems, and therefore, they should be excluded as bioleaching candidates for the removal of undesirable substances from the iron ore of the Sishen Iron-Ore Mine.
The authors wish to thank Kumba Iron Ore, Ltd. and the National Research Foundation for the financial support received during this study.
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SEGERS P, VANCANNEYT M, POT B, TORCK U, HOSTE B, DEWETTINCK D, FALSEN E, KERSTERS K and DE VOS P (1994) Classification of Pseudomonas diminuta Leifson and Hugh 1954 and Pseudomonas vesicularis Busing, Doll, and Freytag 1953 in Brevundimonas gen. nov. as Brevundimonas diminuta comb. nov. and Brevundimonas vesicularis comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44 (3) 499-510. [ Links ]
SICILIANO SD, GERMIDA JJ, BANKS K and GREER CW (2003) Changes in microbial community composition and function during a polyaromatic hydrocarbon phytoremediation field trial. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 483-489. [ Links ]
SHERIDAN RL, RYAN CM, PASTERNACK MS, WEBER JM and TOMPKINS RG (1993) Flavobacterial sepsis in massively burned paediatric patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 17 (2) 185-187. [ Links ]
SOFER Y, ZMIRA S and AMIR J (2007) Brevundimonas vesicularis septic arthritis in an immunocompetent child. Eur. J. Pediatr. 166 77-78. [ Links ]
SQUIER C, YU VL and STOUT JE (2000) Waterborne nosocomial infections. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2 (6) 490-496. [ Links ]
SWOFFORD DL (2000) PAUP* Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4.0b8. Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. [ Links ]
TALJAARD C (2005) Personal communication. Kumba Iron Ore, Ltd., Lakefield Office Park, Building D, Lenchen North, Centurion, South Africa. [ Links ]
THOMPSON JD, GIBSON TJ, PLEWNIAK F, JEANMOUGIN F and HIGGINS DG (1997) The CLUSTAL X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic. Acid. Res. 25 4876-4882. [ Links ]
TODAR K (2004) Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. www.textbookofbacteriology.net (Accessed on 28 August 2007). [ Links ]
TONG TT, BLASZCZYK M, PRZYTOCKA-JUSIAK M and MYCIELSKI R (1998) Phenol-degrading denitrifying bacteria in wastewater sediments. Acta. Microbiol. Pol. 47 (2) 203-211. [ Links ]
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (2006) Surveillance for Waterborne Disease and Outbreaks Associated with Recreational Water, United States, 2003-2004, and Surveillance for Waterborne Disease and Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water and Water not Intended for Drinking. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, December 22 (2006) United States, 2003-2004. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 55 SS-12. [ Links ]
VACCA G, WAND H, NIKOLAUSZ M, KUSCHK P, and KASTNER M (2005) Effect of plants and filter materials on bacteria removal in pilot-scale constructed wetlands. Water Res. 39 (7) 1361-1373. [ Links ]
VERCE MF, ULRICH RL and FREEDMAN DL (2000) Characterization of an isolate that uses vinyl chloride as a growth substrate under aerobic conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 3535-3542. [ Links ]
WILLIAMS PJ and CLOETE TE (2008) Microbial Community Study of the Iron Ore Concentrate of the Sishen Iron Ore Mine, South Africa. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. DOI 10.1007/s11274-008-9777-4. http://dx.doi.org/[DOI] [ Links ]
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* To whom all correspondence should be addressed.
+27123 420 3265; fax: +2712 420 3266;
e-mail: email@example.com


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
False White House explosion tweet rattles marketApril 23, 2013: 3:30 PM ET
A fake tweet from the account of the Associated Press sent stocks tumbling more than 140 points within minutes, erasing all of the day's gains and then some, before bouncing back just as rapidly.
The erroneous tweet, which was posted around 1:07 p.m. ET, said "BREAKING: Two Explosions in the White House and Barack Obama is injured." The tweet was up for a few minutes before AP's account was suspended, and presumably seen by many of AP's nearly 2 million followers. The tweet was also retweeted by almost 1,500 other Twitter users.
Related: AP hack proves Twitter has a serious cybersecurity problem
By 1:10 p.m. ET, the Dow was down almost 13 points, or 0.1% on the day. Just prior to the tweet, the blue-chip index had been up about 0.9% for the day. Stocks fully recovered from the plunge a few minutes after hitting the low of the day, as investors realized the tweet had been made by a hacker and was not true.
From its corporate communications account, AP clarified within minutes that the tweet was "bogus" and later elaborate that its account had been hacked and the tweet was fake.
Still, the tweet briefly sparked panic and confusion, and raised questions about the power and influence of social media in global financial markets.
Questions were also raised about how the tweet would impact investors confidence, as many are spooked by the growing number of stock market flash crashes and high frequency trading.
The tweet also raised the urgency for Twitter to improve its verification system.
Of course AP's twitter account isn't the first prominent one to get hacked.
Over the weekend, the Twitter accounts of CBS's (CBS) 60 Minutes and 48 Hours were hacked, and the accounts remain suspended.
And earlier this year, Burger King (BKW) and Jeep were among Twitter hacking victims.


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Charlotte's First Ward Neighborhood is an award-winning mixed income district that was recently revitalized through a $41.6 million HUD HOPE VI grant. The neighborhood is home to about 1,000 residents as well as the Spirit Square Arts Center, Imaginon, Charlotte Bobcats Arena, Levine Museum of the New South, and the Mint Museum of Craft + Design. First Ward's boundaries are E Trade St., N Tryon St., and I-277 (an urban loop highway). First Ward has experienced a wave of major development bringing new residential homes and entertainment venues.
Communities in the First Ward include: M Street, Courtside, Court 6, Alexander Court, 10th Street Townhomes, Alexanders on 9th, Cityview Lofts, Cityview Townes, Syline Terrace, Tivoli and single family homes in the Garden District.


text:
Saturday Night Live welcomed Daniel Craig as host, but even James Bond was no match for the week's biggest star: Big Bird! The Sesame Street mainstay appeared on "Weekend Update" to discuss being mentioned by Governor Mitt Romney during last week's presidential debate. "It's so weird to think about that just a few days ago, I could just blend in like every other perfectly normal 8-foot talking bird." Watch the clip below:
The show's cold open also spoofed the debate, as the sketch suggested President Barack Obama's extremely distracted performance was related to his worrying about the anniversary gift he forgot to buy the first lady. At one point, Jay Pharoah's Obama tries to decide between a Denver Broncos sweatshirt and a "World's Best Mom" coffee mug when he is interrupted by moderator Jim Lehrer (Chris Parnell): "Mr. President, Governor Romney has just said he killed Osama bin Laden. Would you care to respond? "No—you two go ahead," Obama replies:
After acknowledging in his monologue that he hasn't done a lot of comedy — the bit featured an "In Memoriam" tribute to all the people Craig's characters have killed on film — Craig reprised his role as Bond ever so briefly for a segment highlighting lesser known Bond girls played by the likes of Diane Keaton, Ellen DeGeneres, and Molly Ringwald. Plus: There's Lea Michele, who sings bomb codes much to chagrin of 007:
At least Craig got to branch out a little bit when he wore a cool goatee and used a work-in-progress Long Island accent to play the husband of the Long Island Medium:
What was your favorite sketch?


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Sudden Cardiac Arrest Memorial Page
SCA kills nearly 300,000 Americans each year, and to us, that's more than a statistic. The lives lost to SCA were unique individuals – parents, children, relatives, friends, coworkers and neighbors. With passion, we work each day to increase bystander intervention, expand public access to defibrillators and further research and development of therapies and treatments so that more individuals survive SCA and less families and communities experience this trauma in the future. And as we establish a national response to SCA, it's imperative that we not forget those who unnecessarily lost their lives.
We encourage you to share your memories of your loved one and share this page with your friends and family who may also like to leave a comment. We hope this will be a valuable tool in your individual healing and recovery. We do ask that comments are kept to 250 words or less.
While we will make every effort to respect the personal nature of your submissions, please know that SCAA observes the right to monitor entries in compliance with ethical standards which could lead to the removal of inappropriate material.
If you would like to add a posting to this page, please submit a typewritten word document along with a photo (JPEG format) of your loved one to firstname.lastname@example.com and please list the subject line as Memorial Post. We will work to get your posting up within 48 business hours.
In Memoriam
Timothy Francis WhiteOur lives were shattered the morning of August 23, 2008, as my husband and my little girl's daddy became a victim of sudden cardiac death. Tim was in the best shape of his life, exercising, eating right, and an all around healthy and vibrant man. It started off like any other Saturday morning but quickly turned so tragic - words simply cannot describe the pain, anguish and loss we feel.Complete article »
Olivia HoffOlivia was the perfect picture of health, so I thought. She was always involved in sports and cheerleading; so of course there could be nothing wrong with my daughter. She was so outgoing, always wanted to ride the fastest roller coaster, never afraid of anything.Complete article »
In the News
None at this time.


text:
Base addons are:
Last edited by Ikite; 2012-01-28 at 07:21 AM.
The rotating dial represents the 5-Stack on Master Marksman, very similar approach to BM with Frenzy stacks on my pet.
Omen would also appear under my player frame in a raid, with a very similar appearance to my recount.
DBM Big Bars appear above my cast bar while the Small Bars appear over the target frame.
I am using elvUI, its seem like the perfect you UI.
9thorder.com | 8/8 HC 25-man | 154 World | Join us!
The Mundane and The Magic
Yeah, now, well, the thing about the old days: they the old days. -Slim Charles
Please Dvorjak any way you can update your UI? it looks sooo good.
Dvorjak, please post your UI! I know you would like to update it, but you should still post it until that time comes. It's... so beautiful... Literally the perfect UI, but i'd have
to add MSBT :P
This is my first MMO-CHAMP post ever... I guess I'm more of a listener.
The target frame at the top isen't supposed to be their.
anyway i'm using xperl, bartender and miksscrollingcombat text.
Communism will win.
Always looking at UI's. One of these days I'll really try to set up the perfect UI for me. As of now, this one works fine for me.
Out of Combat: http://i.imgur.com/yKJgd.jpg
In Combat: http://i.imgur.com/6Zorn.jpg
Don't be elitist, it's a video game for crying out loud. Cure cancer, then you can be an asshole.
Made it easy for myself and went with ElvUI with just a few extras.
Using Quartz aswell, placed between the pet health bar and the "Killshot Ready Now" message.


text:
From The Wall Street Journal:
Whether this weekend finds you blowing two feet of snow off the driveway or counting the hours until "Downton Abbey," make time to watch the video of Dr. Ben Carson speaking to the White House prayer breakfast this week.
Seated in view to his right are Senator Jeff Sessions and President Obama. One doesn't look happy. You know something's coming when Dr. Carson says, "It's not my intention to offend anyone. But it's hard not to. The PC police are out in force everywhere."
Dr. Carson tossed over the PC police years ago. Raised by a single mother in inner-city Detroit, he was as he tells it "a horrible student with a horrible temper." Today he's director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins and probably the most renowned specialist in his field.
Late in his talk he dropped two very un-PC ideas. The first is an unusual case for a flat tax: "What we need to do is come up with something simple. And when I pick up my Bible, you know what I see? I see the fairest individual in the universe, God, and he's given us a system. It's called a tithe.
"We don't necessarily have to do 10% but it's the principle. He didn't say if your crops fail, don't give me any tithe or if you have a bumper crop, give me triple tithe. So there must be something inherently fair about proportionality. You make $10 billion, you put in a billion. You make $10 you put in one. Of course you've got to get rid of the loopholes. Some people say, 'Well that's not fair because it doesn't hurt the guy who made $10 billion as much as the guy who made 10.' Where does it say you've got to hurt the guy? He just put a billion dollars in the pot. We don't need to hurt him. It's that kind of thinking that has resulted in 602 banks in the Cayman Islands. That money needs to be back here building our infrastructure and creating jobs."
Not surprisingly, a practicing physician has un-PC thoughts on health care:
"Here's my solution: When a person is born, give him a birth certificate, an electronic medical record, and a health savings account to which money can be contributed—pretax—from the time you're born 'til the time you die. If you die, you can pass it on to your family members, and there's nobody talking about death panels. We can make contributions for people who are indigent. Instead of sending all this money to some bureaucracy, let's put it in their HSAs. Now they have some control over their own health care. And very quickly they're going to learn how to be responsible."
The Johns Hopkins neurosurgeon may not be politically correct, but he's closer to correct than we've heard in years.


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Book – Mackie Doyle is different. Then again, so is Gentry, the decaying steel town he lives in. Things are pretty good there, except when they aren't, but mostly it's a town where people have an unnatural ability to pretend that everything is OK. People pretend they don't notice that Mackie is weird, and they pretend not to care when their children go missing on a startlingly regular schedule. Things start to change when Tate, a girl at Mackie's school, loses her little sister, and refuses to pretend that it's all OK.
I really enjoyed this dark and creepy YA interpretation of the myth of the changeling, babies stolen away by the faeries with alien children left in their place. Mackie is a wonderfully relatable character, a boy who knows he's strange but doesn't know how normal he is at the same time, and Tate is a fierce companion. Recommended for fans of Maggie Stiefvater and Holly Black.


text:
Have you discovered that your sewer pipes are broken or you have leaking joints? Don't worry, SERVIZ is at your service. We understand how quickly things can escalate when your sewer line is in need of repair. That is why we offer a same-day professional service with one of our sewer repair Los Angeles Pros to get the problem fixed as soon as possible.
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Not only is SERVIZ easy to use and offers a host of sewer repair Los Angeles Pros to get the job done, you can also enjoy this professional service at an affordable price. We value our customers and want to help everybody get the best deal for their home. That is why we offer the lowest price guarantee. Now you don't have to pay a fortune for repairs. Doesn't that sound great?
At SERVIZ, we always aim to minimize any disruption to your home, as well as successfully repair your sewer line as soon as possible. If you like the sound of our services, book your service today to get your sewer line problem dealt with immediately.


text:
U.S. Futures Buoyed by Producer Prices
Chris Dieterich measures the impact of May's producer price index and Friday's trading day in Asia on U.S. markets. Photo: Getty Images.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... home of the setup ... will ... see a stock futures are pointing a little bit lower early this morning Dow futures are down about thirty points not too much in the context of ... as you pointed out a hundred and fifty point Dow rally yesterday it and come on the docket primarily with the whatever one's watching right now just ... breaking news ... main ... PPI producer price index data ... on inflation comes in ... the headline number there are five ten so the percentage growing ... well behind inspections quarry in line ... so ... because it bought one of last week there was a ... super one zero one percent ready right which is probably one visitations that's the best and so was the forty one opposed to the Fed worries about ... what would it would be flat to affect consumption deflation ... that's right and and and you know clearly the point the point here is if if we saw a big big jump in inflation that Samantha's can ... bring in some of the concerns of the Fed might be might be closer to pulling back on stimulus program and perhaps people thought ... you know those fears are all abating now in recent days ... someone we saw yesterday ... and so that I think what's gonna happen is people are to be ... overly big time big run up in stocks yesterday it seems like this number is far more aligned with the view that ... you know the Fed is not likely to come and and and and and so to ... damp down the big run on Wall Street analysts in Wenzhou inefficiency meets ... the data coming out today read ... this really a big debt consumer sentiment data ... point to mount a will that before ten a m that's can be closely watching the same thing if you don't want one ... the turn of the sort of mood I think in the markets recently as it seems like ... this we have the sort of good news is is is bad news come mentality ... and so it will be interesting to watch is if if if the ... consumer segment that is is positive ... whether that that sort of re read so that Iran right so it's all about the costs Mr. still so what's happening around her so well so to not in Asia ... and we don't intend to list the unit's right so this the Nikkei came back a little bit after yet you know ... overnight yesterday it it's it's of ... a roasted a good rebounding after falling more than six percent in the so-called bear market territory which meant if you don't spot with twenty percent drop from its recent high ... so ... that was more on the back of Wall Street positive news for Kerry Libor overseas not on the news there but ... awesomely redone in Tokyo seems to be trickling to the market's point ... three Stocks for two of the first overlook and Restoration Hardware the housewares retailer it's about ten percent non ... stop updates of ... outlook for the rest the last nine one reported earnings that was from the ... IPO crop if last year so ... positive ... signs in the consumer there ... another one is Myriad Genetics this particular interesting after his instilling work yes absolutely interesting it's down about four percent ... premarket after the Supreme Court ruling yesterday that ... and companies cannot hold patents on specific genes that's subject to the stock rose but the Rhinos a senior said Rosen what seemed like a bad news story that of the Supreme Court ... didn't seem like a mix of the main Indian scattered to different register to estimate what analysts said was that time it was for makes victory although the couldn't hold a specific patents ... other test that they can ahead we know that is the study did Deathly felons continuing to fall right now in the interview again he seems to be it's can open up competition ... on the testing process just in a very interesting one to watch ... based on Supreme Court is another one is Smithfield foods ... the pork producer of the two actually just now reported earnings fall out ... wise and will the pre market you don't look for conference call that this or to discontinue the practice after their ... market and the rewritten one coffers call right now is the fact that the side of ... the time that the Chinese company ... Chris thank you very much


text:
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text:
The Web
Click here to visit the Ning and check things out!
Click here to join the Ning and receive a free monthly writing lesson.
Always Write
(Grades K-12)
Start to Learn
(Primary Grades)
Making Mathematicians
(Grades K-12)
Learning is Messy
(Grades 4-6)
Write in the Middle
(Grades 6-8)
WritingFix: Quality Teaching Resources for K-12
strategically designed lessons to help "fix" teachers who don't enjoy teaching writing
How this website came to be..and how you can help keep it online and free-to-use:
Teachers should share with each other, and the Internet is the perfect tool for promoting sharing.
My name is Corbett Harrison, and in 1999 I bought this domain name--WritingFix.com--because I wanted to launch a website where innovative ideas--focused on K-12 writing instruction--could be stored and exchanged freely between friends and colleagues. I don't know why I enjoy teaching writing so much, but I do. I like it so much, in fact, that when I was asked to start designing professional development courses on writing instruction way back when, I jumped at the chance.
I have been fortunate in that I have had so many great mentors over my 25-year teaching career. From these amazing and generous mentors, I borrowed and adapted writing strategies and teaching ideas, and then I began sharing those adaptations with other educators during inservice courses which I was designing--mostly to pay the bills that earning my Master's Degree had created for me. Back in 1999, I was one of the first teacher-trainers in our area to provide electronic resources before, during and after teacher inservice courses. For ten years after establishing WritingFix, my wife (Dena) and I continued to design inservice courses that were purposefully different; in them, teachers were required to collaborate and actually design new lessons they would implement with their own students so that they might ask our inservice's other participants for revision advice. Through this "make-and-take" style of teacher workshop, I saw some truly great lessons being created; I also saw some stinkers, and it's important to be honest about that. The teacher-built lessons that were truly outstanding, well, they needed to be shared. Dena and I had been stocking WritingFix with our own inservice materials and student samples, and now it was time to ask teacher participants if they would mind us including the lessons they had created at the WritingFix website too. Some were so excited to be asked. Some were too shy to grant permission to post them, which makes sense if you think that, in its heyday, WritingFix was receiving over 20,000 hits a day from teachers across the globe looking for good writing lessons. That kind of traffic can be intimidating.
WritingFix's best growth happened during the time I served as Director of the Northern Nevada Writing Project: 2002-2007. Being Director allowed me to seek out new grant monies, and it was so helpful to already have a tried-and-tested "make and take" model of inservice ready to share with the potential grantors I met with. Our NNWP was pursuing some pretty innovative ideas for new, research-driven inservice courses back then. With a promise to the grantors that a brand new webpage of teacher-built lessons and resources would be one of the outcomes of the class if they helped us pay for it, we impressed a lot of people, and we did some pretty great stuff with the grants we then earned. In a very short period of time, we doubled and then tripled the number of lessons and resources posted at WritingFix, and we kept being discovered more and more teacher followers who eventually saw us as one of the best places to go if you wanted an innovative idea for teaching writing. One of my favorite grants we earned bought all 100 class participants a classroom iPod; in exchange for this small piece of technology, participants simply had to design and implement a writing lesson based on the lyrics of a song. We hired some of our best K-12 NNWP teacher-presenters to write "model lessons" that used songs as their "mentor texts," we paid those presenters stipends to come share their lessons with our classes' participants, we selected the very best lessons written by those same class participants, and--with permission--we posted those lessons (alongside our presenters' lessons) at our "iPods and Song Lyrics Lesson Page" at WritingFix. It was a pretty creative way to enhance an already-established website, and our writing project's reputation as a professional development provider soared to new heights both locally and nationally. At the local level, we had never been asked to provide so many courses and workshops as we were during these years; at the national level, we were admired as writing project site that had used the Internet to create a well-respected national presence. "Oh, you're from Nevada," other writing project members would say to me at conferences. "You guys have that really great website." WritingFix became that place where inspired teachers were sharing inspiring lessons and ideas.
In 2010, the National Writing Project--despite its amazing reputation as an effective provider of professional development that changes teachers' practices--had its budget horribly slashed. With just barely enough money to keep its basic functions going, our local Northern Nevada Writing Project had to stop providing sponsorship to WritingFix. It was too bad too. We had some great new directions planned for the website, but there was no money available to implement those plans. Keeping a popular website online can be expensive (about $1300 a year).
With our NNWP's economic "crash," all planned growth for WritingFix went directly to the back-burner, and it has now remained there for so long that I am convinced the WritingFix website is a "completed" project. WritingFix, however, should NOT go away; Dena and I decided that we would take over paying the bill for all annual fees that keep the website online and free-to-use. The lessons that were created and posted between 2000 and 2010 were very good and deserve to be housed on the Internet for all teachers to find and use; we know there are brand new teachers out there just discovering WritingFix for the first time, and they deserve to have access to these resources. Perhaps some day, a grantor will read this page and send Dena and me a sizeable check so that we can organize and give WritingFix another chance at another heyday, but we doubt that will happen. We are ultimately happy with what the website became during the ten years that we had support and funding to keep it alive and strong.
While in its heyday, WritingFix was truly one of the most exciting projects I've ever been involved with. I ultimately watched hundreds and hundreds of our local K-12 teachers collaborate and implement research-based strategies in new lessons we asked them to create in exchange for recertification credit. Face to face in class, they inspired each other while sharing these lessons, and then the lessons we chose to post at the website went on to be used by tens of thousands of WritingFix's national and international followers.
Dena and I are both still creating new lessons and posting them online at our own websites. You can find our newest, Common Core-friendly resources for writing instruction at Corbett's Always Write website and Dena's Write in the Middle website. Both of us are still WritingFix users. Corbett, who is currently teaching gifted and talented 6th-12th graders, shares his four favorite WritingFix resources below; Dena, who is a K-8 Writing Specialist, shares her four favorite resources below. We hope you find time to explore them!
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We happily celebrate our teachers' post-WritingFix work here in this space. The National Writing Project is all about empowering teachers and inspiring them to become teacher leaders and innovators of positive change. If you are an active Teacher Consultant for the National Writing Project, write me and let me know what website or teaching resources you have created. I will consider celebrating your work alongside these amazing resources:
Dena actually proposed the idea of creating a set of PowerPoint slides that would assist students in finding writing topics in case they couldn't come to class with one on their own. It took Corbett & Dena an entire year to create this set of slides, but three years later, it truly remains one of the best investments in time the husband-wife team created. You can order their set of SWT slides from their website. Click here for details.
Start Close Reading is her brand new set of four units for fiction and non-fiction written by Jodie and illustrated by her husband, Dennis. You can read all about this new resource at this ning page we posted on her behalf.
Start Common Core Writing is a series of thirteen tried-and-true lessons aligned with the Common Core State Standards. Kindergarten and primary teachers will find these lessons to be user friendly, timeless and fun while meeting requirements for the three important genres in Common Core.
Sue teaches a little bit of pretty much everything, but she has a love of teaching history more than anything else I bet. She also is a fantastic user of small group instruction. I've never seen anyone move kids to different groups as often as I see Sue do it with her sixth graders. Sue created this set of "Transitions in Time" slides to not only provide interesting historical facts related to the day, but she also uses them as "transitional talking points" when students move to their next grouping. She'll say, "When you sit with your new group," you need to have a one-minute conversation about today's word of the day on the slide." Click here to learn about ordering this set of slides.
NNWP Consultant and math teacher extra-ordinaire--Holly Young--is proud to share her first published book: The UnderAchievers. Holly specifically designed this book to help her teach fractions to the depth outlined in the Common Core Math Standards.
Holly passionately believes that every child has an inner mathematician and an inner writer inside them, and by publishing this book, she proved that to her students.
Our congratulations to Holly, who also coordinated NumberFix here at WritingFix.
Floating Down a River was created during an inservice class by Nevada teacher and NNWP Consultant Karen Suga.
Haiku Riddles was created as a demonstration lesson during the NNWP's annual Pinon Poetry Festival by Consultant Heather Clark.
What Your Room Shows about You was created for a publication the NNWP created on Narrative Writing by NNWP Consultant Karen McGee.
Three-Meal Weather was created during an inservice class by Nevada teacher Kacey Goman.
WritingFix is a free-to-use educational website that once had a sponsor but now relies on public funding to remain online and advertisement free. In 2015, we held a "pledge drive" and secured enough funds to keep this website active until 2020, but we are always accepting donations to keep us up and running beyond 2020.
The safest way to donate $5.00 to our WritingFix cause is to sign up (or encourage your friends to sign up) for a free Audible trial. If you do so, even if cancel after the first month, we still receive the $5.00, and you have two free audio books to listen to.
Select the book you're interested in and then choose the "Free Trial Membership" option. By using this link, you ensure that WritingFix receives a $5.00 donation from Amazon.
WritingFix also receives a $3.00 donation from Amazon if you sign up (or encourage your friends to sign up) for a free Amazon Prime trial.
After ten years of not selling the amazing NNWP writing guides that our writing project created between 2005 and 2008 to inspire teachers, they're back for sale! Click here to see which four of the six original guides are once again available for purchase
51 Wacky We-Search Reports
by Barry Lane
© Copyright 2015 - WritingFix- All Rights Reserved.
Please, share the resources you find on these pages freely with fellow educators, but please leave any page citations on handouts intact, and please give authorship credit to the cited teachers who created these wonderful lessons and resources. Thanks in advance for honoring other educators' intellectual property.


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General Portrait Photography
Other Disciplines:
Commercial Photography
Multi Award Winner Janice O'Connell is an Irish Architectural Photographer of the Year and a graduate of The Crawford College of Art & Design. She has worked with most of the major Multi-Nationals, Developers and Architects on practically every large and small project in the region. She has worked on such prestigious projects as The Capitol, One Albert Quay, CIT, UCC and The Elysian. Clients include John Cleary Developments, O'Callaghan Properties, PJ Hegarty's, John Paul Construction, Cumnor Construction, O'Flynn Construction, Cork City Council, Reddy Architecture, HJ Lyons Architects, Wilson Architecture, Carr Cotter Architects, Keating Architects, Johnson & Johnson, KPMG, Ronan Daly Jermyn and many more.
Her architectural projects have won her the highest awards in both Ireland and Europe while her customised corporate profile packages are designed to specifically reflect your company's corporate image across all platforms.
f22 can create the Right Image for You. Check out Janice's portfolios @ www.f22photography.ie
By investing in the talent and expertise of an IPPVA photographer or videographer you are insuring that careful planning goes into unobtrusively capturing the key moments, people and atmosphere of your big day.
When you engage the services of an IPPVA photographer or videographer you will be working with someone who upholds the strictest professional standards, who deals fairly and honestly with you, and who strives to create images that you will cherish for years to come.


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AP PHOTOS: Zoo mice become prairie pioneers
To most people, mice are pests.
But on a prairie, they are a source of life and vitality.
Scientists at Chicago's Lincoln Park Zoo are raising meadow jumping mice and releasing them into the wild to help restore dwindling Midwestern prairies.
Right now, biologists there say only 1 percent of historical prairie grasslands remain in Illinois.
So the zoo is raising the mice and other species to help bring back restored prairies, including some at the Lake County Forest Preserves north of Chicago.
Once the mice reach adulthood, researchers anesthetize them and attach tiny radio collars so they can track their movements in the natural habitat, according to Allison Sacerdote-Velat, a reintroduction biologist at the zoo.
She and other scientists released several mice in late July at the Rollins Savanna forest preserve in Lake County. They hope the mice will mate and distribute the grassland seeds they eat to help spread the plant life.
"We need to restore certain wildlife species in order to keep the ecosystem functioning," she says.
She says trackers will likely find that some mice will end up as food for owls, coyotes and other predators.
But that's as it should be. "It's all part of the cycle," Sacerdote-Velat says.
Here's a gallery of images by photographer Scott Eisen of the mice getting radio collars at the zoo and their release in Lake County, north of Chicago.


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A new open-source software package developed at Stanford University is making it possible to do complex simulations of molecular motion on desktop computers at much faster speeds than has been previously possible. "Simulations that used to take three years can now be completed in a few days," said Vijay Pande, an associate professor of chemistry at Stanford University and principal investigator of the Open Molecular Mechanics (OpenMM) project. "With this first release of OpenMM, we focused on small molecular systems simulated and saw speedups of 100 times faster than before."
OpenMM is a collaborative project between Pande's lab and Simbios, the National Center for Physics-based Simulation of Biological Structures at Stanford, which is supported by the National Institutes of Health. The project is described in a paper for the "Early View" section of the Journal of Computational Chemistry.
In the past, researchers needed either supercomputers or large computer clusters to run simulations. Or they had to be content to run only a tiny fraction of the process on their desktop computers. But OpenMM addresses these issues.
The key to the accelerated simulations OpenMM makes possible is the advantage it takes of current graphics processors (GPUs), which cost just a few hundred dollars. At its core, OpenMM makes use of GPU acceleration, a set of advanced hardware and software technologies that enable GPUs, working in concert with the system's central processor (CPU), to accelerate applications beyond just creating or manipulating graphics.
The icing on the molecular-simulation cake is that the software has no allegiance to any particular brand of GPU, and will enable molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to work on most of the high-end GPUs used today in laptop and desktop computers. OpenMM includes a version of the widely used MD package GROMACS that integrates the OpenMM library, enabling it to be sped up on high-end NVIDIA and AMD/ATI graphics cards. Close collaborations with AMD (which owns the ATI brand) and NVIDIA were critical for getting OpenMM to run on their GPUs.
OpenMM incorporates specially developed algorithms that allow MD software to take full advantage of the GPU architecture. In fact, the OpenMM code is at the heart of the GPU implementations of the [email protected] project, which uses the horsepower of GPUs and CPUs in computers around the world to simulate protein folding. The current release uses an implicit solvent model, in which all the surrounding fluid, such as water, is represented as one continuous medium, rather than having each water molecule represented individually (an explicit solvent model). Future releases will allow the modeling of explicit solvent.
A free workshop on OpenMM and OpenMM Zephyr, an easy-to-use application for running and visualizing accelerated MD simulations, will be offered sometime in the next three months. OpenMM is part of Simbios's protein folding research effort and is supported by the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research Grant U54 GM072970, NSF grant for Cyberinfrastructure (NSF CHE-0535616) and NIH grant on Protein folding (NIH R01-GM062868).


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GDP Still Shrinking, But At Slower Rate
The economy shrank at an annual rate of 1 percent in the spring, a better-than-expected showing and more evidence that the recession is drawing to a close.
Many analysts believe the economy is growing in the current quarter, but they caution that any rebound will not be accompanied initially by rising employment. Jobless claims figures released Thursday were better than expected, but remain well above levels associated with a healthy economy.
The Commerce Department's new estimate for the gross domestic product was unchanged from the initial figure it released last month. The drop, while representing a record fourth consecutive decline, was far smaller than the previous two quarters. It also was stronger than the 1.5 percent decline that private economists expected.
The report Thursday found that businesses slashed their inventories more than first reported and cut back more sharply on investment in new plants and equipment. But those reductions were offset by revisions that showed smaller dips in consumer spending, exports and housing construction.
The 1 percent rate of decline in the April-June quarter followed decreases of 6.4 percent in the first quarter and 5.4 percent in the final three months of 2008, the sharpest back-to-back declines in a half-century. The four straight quarterly declines in GDP, which measures the country's total output of goods and services, mark the first time that has occurred on government records that date to 1947.
The recession that began in December 2007 is the longest since World War II, and the deepest in terms of the drop in the GDP, which is down 3.9 percent from its previous peak.
But economists are heartened that the decline slowed to 1 percent in the spring. Many analysts think that the government's $787 billion economic stimulus plan and the Cash for Clunkers program to will lift GDP growth to around 2 percent in the current July-September quarter.
However, the return to economic growth will not mean more jobs, at least at first. Economists believe the unemployment rate, , will keep rising through the spring of next year.
The Labor Department said Thursday that to a seasonally-adjusted 570,000, from an upwardly revised 580,000 the previous week. The tally of those continuing to claim benefits dropped to 6.13 million from 6.25 million, the lowest level since early April.
The weekly figures remain far above the roughly 325,000 that analysts say is consistent with a healthy economy. New claims last fell below 300,000 in early 2007.
White House economic adviser Christina Romer said Tuesday the unemployment rate is likely to keep rising and hit 10 percent this year. That could discourage consumer spending and weaken any recovery.
The government makes three estimates of the economy's performance for any given quarter. Each new GDP estimate is based on more complete information.
Economists had expected that the second look at GDP for the spring would show the economy contracting at a 1.5 percent rate because they believed companies had cut back more sharply on their inventories.
While inventories were cut more than initially estimated, that weakness was offset by upward revisions in other areas.
The government found that consumer spending, which accounts for about 70 percent of total economic activity, fell at an annual rate of 1 percent in second quarter, a slight improvement from the 1.2 percent decline reported last month. Residential construction and exports also were revised to show smaller declines.
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said last week the economy appeared to be "leveling out," and was likely to begin growing again soon. President Barack Obama appointed Bernanke to another 4-year term Tuesday.
The Cash for Clunkers program, which provides consumers rebates of up to $4,500 for turning in old gas-guzzlers for fuel-efficient cars, has helped spur activity in the auto and related industries. The economy also has been helped by stabilization in the housing sector, as sales of new and existing homes have risen for four straight months.


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Disney casting directors are searching for two young actors to play lead roles in the Walt Disney Pictures/Lucasfilm "Star Wars: Episode VII". Six casting director meet-and-greet sessions have been scheduled across the United States and United Kingdom to scout talent for two lead roles, one young female and on young male. In addition to the in-person casting director meet-and-greet sessions, audition video submissions are being accepted at the only official casting webpage that has been set up by Disney Casting director Maryellen Aviano.
Category Archives: Boston Auditions
Casting directors now auditioning actors for new Fox series '24: Live Another Day' starring Kiefer Sutherland
Imagine Entertainment and Teakwood Lane Productions are currently in pre-production on the new 20th Century Fox TV series "24: Live Another Day", which is a 12-episode run based on the mega-hit Fox network and worldwide syndicated political spy action thriller series "24" which spanned 192 episodes over eight seasons, and pulled in countless awards including 68 Emmy nominations, with 20 wins. The casting directors for "24: Live Another Day" are auditioning actors for lead roles, supporting roles, and recurring roles in Los Angeles. The show will be set in London, UK and will be filmed there for this limited first-run season. The extras will be cast in London.
Universal Television open casting call for live NBC broadcast of 'The Sound of Music' starring Carrie Underwood
NBC Universal is holding an open casting call for the upcoming three-hour live staging and telecast of the Rodgers & Hammerstein musical "The Sound of Music". The casting call is for boys and girls who can play roles between the ages of 6-14. The characters being cast are the seven Von Trapp Children. NBC will air the live broadcast on December 5, 2013. The casting team is seeking kids who are very good dancers with excellent acting skills.
Brand new Disney XD comedy series 'Neckpee Island' casting calls underway for child and adult roles
Disney XD has given the green light to begin production on a brand new half-hour comedy series pilot titled "Neckpee Island". The casting directors have now sent out casting calls for series regulars and guest starring roles, for both child roles between 12-14 years old, and for adults of various ages. The extras will be cast throughout production, which will begin in mid-October, 2013. There will be a fairly large amount of kids cast as extras to play middle school students. Shooting will take place in Los Angeles.
Casting calls underway for live-action animated feature film 'SpongeBob SquarePants 2'
The little yellow fella that nearly everyone in America and beyond seems to love is back! Nickelodeon Movies and Paramount Animation are in pre-production on the live-action/animated feature film "SpongeBob SquarePants 2". The casting director has sent out casting calls for principal actor roles in Los Angeles, New York, as well as in Savannah, Georgia where shooting on the live-action scenes will take place from September 30, 2013 through November 5, 2013. Locations include sound stages in Savannah, locations in the downtown area, and on Tybee Island. Many extras will also be cast for a beach scene in Savannah.
Actor and extras casting calls for new A&E crime drama series 'Those Who Kill'
Imagine Television and Fox 21 will begin production on August 28, 2013 on a brand new A&E Television Networks crime-drama series titled "Those Who Kill", inspired by the books of Danish writer and journalist Elsebeth Egholm. Email submissions are now being accepted by the local extras casting director in Pittsburgh, PA where shooting on the series will take place from August 28 through December 6, 2013. In addition to the extras, stand-ins, and photo doubles, the principal actor casting directors in Los Angeles and New York are holding auditions for series regulars, recurring roles, guest starring roles, and day players.
Casting calls 20th Century Fox thriller feature film 'Gone Girl' starring Ben Affleck and Rosamund Pike
Reese Witherspoon's production company Pacific Standard and New Regency are in pre-production on the 20th Century Fox thriller feature film 'Gone Girl' based on the novel of the same name by Gillian Flynn. The Primetime Emmy Award nominated casting director is holding auditions in Los Angeles for lead roles, supporting roles, and day players. The photo-doubles and stand-ins for the principal actors, as well as general extras and featured background actors will be cast throughout production. Shooting will take place in Los Angeles and Missouri from mid-October, 2013 through February, 2014.
Warner Bros. Pictures feature film 'Dolphin Tale 2' actors and extras casting calls
Alcon Entertainment and Bottlenose Productions are gearing up to begin production on the Warner Bros. Pictures feature film sequel "Dolphin Tale 2". The Primetime Emmy Award winning casting directors in Los Angeles and New York are auditioning actors for starring and co-starring roles. Additional casting will take place in Florida, where shooting is scheduled to commence in October, 2013. The photo-doubles and stand-ins for the films principal actors, as well as general extras and featured background actors will be cast in October and will continue throughout production.
International talent search for starring role in 'Pele' based on life of legendary soccer superstar
Academy Award winning production company Imagine Entertainment and Seine Pictures in association with Exclusive Media are getting set to begin shooting the true-story feature film "Pele" in September, 2013. Casting directors in Los Angeles and New York are conducting an international talent search seeking an actor or soccer player to play the role of the legendary Pele. Filming will take place in Brazil from September 2, 2013 through October 15, 2013. The film's extras will be hired locally in Brazil.
Casting calls for Ben Affleck film 'Live By Night' produced by Leonardo DiCaprio
Appian Way and Pearl Street Films are now in pre-production on the Warner Bros. Pictures crime-drama feature film "Live By Night", which is based on the novel by Dennis Lehane. Casting calls have gone out for the first roles to be cast. Ben Affleck will play the lead role in the film as well as produce and direct. Leonardo DiCaprio will also produce. Shooting will begin mid-September 2013 and will take place in Boston, where additional principal actor casting will take place. The stand-ins and extras will be hired throughout production.


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e-CFR Navigation Aids
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e-CFR data is current as of October 23, 2020
Title 17 → Chapter I → Part 40 → Appendix
Title 17: Commodity and Securities Exchanges
(a) A properly completed submission cover sheet shall accompany all rule and product submissions submitted electronically by a registered entity in a format and manner specified by the Secretary of the Commission to the Secretary of the Commission. A properly completed submission cover sheet shall include all of the following:
1. Identifier Code (optional)—A registered entity Identifier Code at the top of the cover sheet, if applicable. Such codes are commonly generated by registered entities to provide an identifier that is unique to each filing (e.g., NYMEX Submission 03-116).
2. Date—The date of the filing.
3. Organization—The name of the organization filing the submission (e.g., CBOT).
4. Filing as a—Check in the appropriate box indicating that the rule or product is being submitted by a designated contract market (DCM), derivatives clearing organization (DCO), swap execution facility (SEF), or swap data repository (SDR).
5. Type of Filing—An indication as to whether the filing is a new rule, rule amendment or new product. The registered entity should check the appropriate box to indicate the applicable category under that heading.
6. Rule Numbers—For rule filings, the rule number(s) being adopted or modified in the case of rule amendment filings.
7. Description—For rule or rule amendment filings, a description of the new rule or rule amendment, including a discussion of its expected impact on the registered entity, market participants, and the overall market. The narrative should describe the substance of the submission with enough specificity to characterize all material aspects of the filing.
(b) Other Requirements—A submission shall comply with all applicable filing requirements for proposed rules, rule amendments, or products. The filing of the submission cover sheet does not obviate the registered entity's responsibility to comply with applicable filing requirements (e.g., rules submitted for Commission approval under §40.5 must be accompanied by an explanation of the purpose and effect of the proposed rule along with a description of any substantive opposing views).
(c) Checking the box marked "confidential treatment requested" on the Submission Cover Sheet does not obviate the submitter's responsibility to comply with all applicable requirements for requesting confidential treatment in §40.8 and, where appropriate, §145.9 of this chapter, and will not substitute for notice or full compliance with such requirements.
[80 FR 59578, Oct. 2, 2015]


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Kyle (KY)
Private Facility Contract Monitoring/Oversight Division - Prison
ACA Accredited Unit Since January 2007
|Unit Full Name:
|Kyle Correctional Center
|Unit Address and Phone Number:
|23001 IH-35, Kyle, TX 78640
(512) 268-0079 (**633)
|Unit Location:
|Seven miles north of San Marcos on IH-35 in Hays County
|Senior Warden:
|Bernadette Rodriguez
|Deputy Director of Operations Monitoring:
|Kirstie Legerski
|Private Facility Contract Monitoring/Oversight Division Director:
|Allison Dunbar, Private Facility Contract Monitoring/Oversight Division
|Date Unit Established or On Line:
|June 1989
|Total Employees:
|Security Employees:
|Non-Security Employees:
|Education Employees:
|Contract Medical and Mental Health Employees:
|Medical = 10; Mental Health = 0
|Offender Gender:
|Custody Levels Housed:
|IPTC, Substance Abuse Offenders
|Approximate Acreage:
|Agricultural Operations:
|Manufacturing and Logistics Op.:
|Facility Operations:
|Unit Maintenance
|Additional Operations:
|Medical Capabilities:
|Ambulatory medical and dental services. Telemedicine Services available. All services on a single level, including CPAP accommodating housing. Managed by UTMB.
|Special Treatment Programs:
|In-Prison Therapeutic Community Model (IPTC); Substance Abuse Felony Punishment Facility (SAFPF)
|Educational Programs:
|Adult Basic Education, Pre-GED, GED
|Additional Programs/Services:
|Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS), Chaplaincy Services, GO KIDS Initiative
|Community Work Projects:
|Services provided to local organizations.
|Volunteer Initiatives:
|Substance Abuse Education, Support Groups, Mentoring, Victims Awareness, Religious/Faith Based Studies and Activities
|Operated by:
|Management and Training Corporation (MTC)


text:
NLH Versailles 'Sand'
|Colour reference / leadtime
|NLH 'Sand' - Unfinished dimension available from stock.
Leadtime 'Sand coloured' +/- 4 weeks from orderdate.
|Versailles 15/4 x 840 x 840 mm
Herringbone 15/4 x 120 x 600 mm
Plank 15/4 x 185 mm x RL 500~2400 mm.
Min 2 full lengths 2150/2400mm per pack.
Nested pieces min. 500 mm
|Micro Bevelled
|In case of Versailles Panels around all elements and around
|European Oak, Grading options
|Versailles : Select grade
Herringbone: Select or Rustic-A/B
Plank : Select or Rustic-A/B
|15 mm thickness, 4,0 mm toplayer 2-layer engineered on Birch plywood, Regular T&G
|Surface structure
|Brushed surface
|Brushed, Stained and Colour Oiled
|Individual bundles will be packed in plastic foil
|Floating or glued down
|Suitable for UFH
|Yes, suitable for Under Floor Heating
|Maintenance Oil
|Information section website
|See our detailed installation & maintenance instructions under 'Information'


text: This Episode is Currently Unavailable S1 - E5 Episode 5: Getting to Know You After their blowout at DIFFA, Drew and Courtney attempt to resolve their differences. Matt and Neill discover their feelings for one another may be deeper than they're willing to admit. Drew's ex drops a bomb on him, disrupting Drew's plans to win him back. Courtney moves into foreign territory with a hottie from South Africa, as Glenn reconnects with a former love interest. Meanwhile, Tara learns that kids may not be in the future plans of the man she is dating. Aired: 09/19/2011


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All of Redland's Labrador Retriever litters are raised underfoot where the mother can whelp her puppies comfortably, quietly, and in a safe, clean, and climate-controlled environment. We take pride in making sure all of our puppies arrive safely and remain healthy and happy throughout their time with us. They are all socialized from birth by our whole family, including children and our mini-schnauzer, Zoey. They are all frequently wormed and regularly vaccinated.
Redland Labradors holds paramount the health and happiness of our white and cream Labradors so that they will remain great companions or exceptional hunters. We're confident you'll be satisfied with the health and well-being of our white and cream Labrador puppies, which is why we'll stand behind every puppy we sell. We'll be happy to answer any questions you may have regarding our Labradors, and we'll gladly send you pictures or pedigrees upon request.


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What might have been the perfect Christmas gift for the Star Wars gamer will have to find another special occasion to be gifted on, as Microsoft confirms that Star Wars Kinect and the Star Wars themed Xbox 360 have been pushed back indefinitely.
It started off bad and got a little better, but Star Wars Kinect still needs some time in the cooker in order for it to reach its "full potential."
Along with the game delay, Microsoft is also pushing back the release of the limited edition Star Wars Xbox 360, its R2D2 console and C3PO controller waiting until they've got a game worth celebrating before hitting the shops.
Here's what Microsoft tells us:
Microsoft and LucasArts have elected to move the launch of Kinect Star Wars beyond holiday 2011 to ensure the full potential of this title is realized. This move applies to both the Kinect Star Wars stand-alone game and the Kinect Star Wars Limited Edition Console. We will communicate additional timing information at a later date.
That's right: There is no new date. A bad sign.
You can contact Michael Fahey, the author of this post, at email@example.com. You can also find him on Twitter, Facebook, and lurking around our #tips page.


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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 3/12/2012 (2880 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
If you had to pick between spending about $1,000 on a flight to Miami or four winter tires, what would you choose?
Most Manitobans -- according to an industry group -- would rather dream about the beach than deal with the icy reality of a Canadian winter.
Manitoba drivers lag behind the nation in switching to winter tires, with only 20 per cent of the province's motorists opting in, says the Ontario-based Rubber Association of Canada, which represents 14 tire-makers.
Glen Curtis, owner of Curtis Tire Service on Arlington Street, said he would personally choose tires over the tropics for safety reasons.
"It just makes a difference," said Curtis, who gave his wife winter tires as a Christmas gift.
Though Manitoba lags behind other provinces, Curtis said winter-tire sales have increased annually at the 95-year-old business.
The rubber association's findings are estimates based on tire shipments and vehicle-registration data.
Quebec is the only province with legislation that makes winter tires mandatory. Manitoba has no plans to travel down that road.
"Manitoba is not currently considering mandatory use, because winter conditions here are very different than in, say, Quebec," said a spokeswoman for Steve Ashton, the province's minister of transportation and infrastructure.
"Manitoba has significantly less snow, it has colder temperatures and Manitoba's roads are more likely to be straight and flat as opposed to Quebec's."
But the province still encourages drivers to consider purchasing winter tires and exercise increased caution while driving during the winter months, she said.
Manitoba Infrastructure and Transportation said Monday several southern roads in the province were ice-covered and slippery.
According to Manitoba Public Insurance data from 2006 to 2010, there are an average of 28,415 crashes each year in the province. About 31 per cent of them happen in December, January and February.
"We encourage vehicle owners to educate themselves as to what tire actually best suits their driving needs, and in some situations, that may be a snow tire, and in other situations, it might be a four-season radial," said MPI spokesman Brian Smiley. MPI doesn't track how many vehicles have snow tires, he added.
Manitoba's aversion to winter tires is reflected in another study published last February by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation.
The report cited information from a 2008 RBC Insurance poll that stated 31 per cent of car owners in Manitoba and Saskatchewan used winter tires versus 41 per cent of those surveyed in Alberta and 48 per cent in B.C. About 72 per cent of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland respondents said they used winter tires.
About 37 per cent of people who responded to a Canadian Automobile Association survey in February 2011 said they owned winter tires. Those who didn't cited cost and owning an all-wheel-drive vehicle as reasons.
Of the more than 11,000 people who responded, only 31 per cent said they thought winter tires should be mandatory.
Const. Stephane Fontaine, a collision deconstructionist with the Winnipeg Police Service, said at a police press conference Monday he supports using winter tires.
"Winter tires do exactly what they claim to do," Fontaine said. "They help braking and stopping and control on winter roads."
CAA Manitoba spokeswoman Liz Peters said motorists should inquire about winter tires, as some studies suggest they can decrease stopping distances by 40 per cent.
-- with file from Aldo Santin and Jen Skerritt
WINTER-TIRE TRACTION: What percentage of each province's drivers have them? Information is an estimate based on 2011 tire shipment data, and 2009 vehicle registration data (source: Rubber Association of Canada)
B.C. and Yukon
Alberta and N.W.T.
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
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