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Small Places, Large Issues - Second Edition: An Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropolog
Pluto Press, Apr 20, 2001 - Social Science - 352 pages
Ranging from the Pacific islands to the Arctic north and from small villages to modern nation states, this concise introduction to social and cultural anthropology reveals the rich global variation in social life and culture. The text also provides a clear overview of anthropology, focusing on central topics such as kinship, ethnicity, ritual and political systems, offering a wealth of examples that demonstrate the enormous scope of anthropology and the importance of a comparative perspective. Unlike previous texts on the subject, Small Places, Large Issues broadens the study to incorporate the anthropology of complex modern societies, thus providing a unique key text for all students of social and cultural anthropology. Using reviews of key monographs to illustrate his argument, Eriksen's lucid and accessible text remains an established introductory text in anthropology. This new edition is updated throughout and includes a new chapter on the history of anthropology. It also shows clearly and comprehensively, through numerous new examples, why classic studies of small-scale societies are relevant for the study of complex phenomena such as nationalism, consumption and the Internet. In this way, the book bridges an often perceived gap between "classic" and "contemporary" anthropology.
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|The Internet Classics Archive contains over 400 works (mostly Greek and Roman) from 59 different authors. Visitors may contribute to forum-style discussions of the various works.
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From ForensicsWiki
Revision as of 21:36, 31 March 2006 by Uwe Hermann (Talk | contribs)
- Digital Investigation
- http://www.compseconline.com/digitalinvestigation/
- Print journal from Elsevier that started in 2004.
- International Journal of Digital Evidence (IJDE)
- http://www.ijde.org
- Electronic journal that started in 2002.
- Journal of Digital Forensic Practice
- http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/15567281.asp
- Print journal from Taylor and Francis that started in 2006.
- Journal of Forensic Sciences
- http://journalsip.astm.org/JOURNALS/FORENSIC/jofs_home.html
- A traditional print journal about forensics, but interested in articles on digital forensics as well.
- Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
- http://www.ieee.org/organizations/society/sp/tifs.html
- Print journal from IEEE Signal Processing Society that started in 2005.
- Microgram
- http://www.dea.gov/programs/forensicsci/microgram/
- Published by the US Drug Enforcement Agency. The last few pages of each issue are devoted to digital evidence issues.
- Checkmate
- http://www.niiconsulting.com/checkmate/
- The expertise involved in a forensic investigation is best showcased through the documentation of the evidence and the recording of the techniques used for forensic investigation.
Other Journal Links
Brian Carrier keeps a list of conferences and journals at http://www.digital-evidence.org/publish/index.html. This list was originally taken from Brian's and used with his permission.


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Kara is a freelance science writer and senior editor of biomedical sciences at Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. She is the author of Out of Nature: Why Drugs From Plants Matter to the Future of Humanity (University of Arizona Press, 2012).
by Colin Ellard
This picture, shot by a drone, reveals the verdant fingers of a blue-green algae bloom.
These picturesque clouds reveal a particular kind of turbulence in the atmosphere.
This antique technology, called a Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder, helps researchers maintain North America's longest-running ...
This midwater cephalopod sports different-size eyes for different functions.
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Undergraduate Degrees, Majors and Concentrations
ELIT4800 - Seminar In English Studies
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User:Pranav Rathi/Notebook/OT/2010/08/18/CrystaLaser specifications
We are expecting our laser any time. To know the laser more we are looking forward to investigate number of things. These specifications are already given by the maker, but we will verify them.
Laser is TM (transverse magnetic) or P or Horizontal linearly polarized (in the specimen plane laser is still TM polarized; when looking into the sample plane from the front of the microscope). We investigated these two ways: 1) by putting a glass interface at Brewster's angle and measured the reflected and transmitted power. At this angle all the light is transmitted because the laser is P-polarized, 2) by putting a polarizing beam splitter which uses birefringence to separate the two polarizations; P is reflected and S is transmitted, by measuring and comparing the powers, the desired polarizability is determined. We performed the experiment at 1.8 W where P is 1.77 W and S is less than .03 W*
Beam waist at the output window
We used knife edge method (this method is used to determine the beam waist (not the beam diameter) directly); measure the input power of 1.86W at 86.5 and 13.5 % at the laser head (15mm). It gave us the beam waist (Wo) of .82mm (beam diameter =1.64mm).
Possible power fluctuations if any
The power supply temperature is really critical. Laser starts at roughly 1.8 W but if the temperature of the power supply is controlled very well it reaches to 2 W in few minutes and stay there. It's really stupid of manufacturer that they do not have any fans inside so we put two chopper fans on the top of it to cool it and keep it cool. If no fans are used then within an hour the power supply reaches above 50 degrees of Celsius and then, not only the laser output falls but also the power supply turns itself off after every few minutes.
Mode Profile
Higher order modes had been a serious problem in our old laser, which compelled us to buy this one. The success of our experiments depends on the requirement of TEM00 profile, efficiency of trap and stiffness is a function of profile.So mode profiling is critical; we want our laser to be in TEM00. I am not going to discuss the technique of mode profiling; it can be learned from this link: [1] [2].
As a result it's confirmed that this laser is TEM00 mode. Check out the pics:
A LabView program is written to show a 3D Gaussian profile, it also contains a MatLab code[3].
Specs by the Manufacturer
All the laser specs and the manual are in the document: [Specs[4]]
Beam Profile
The original beam waist of the laser is .2mm, but since we requested the 4x beam expansion option, the resultant beam waist is .84 at the output aperture of the laser. As the nature of Gaussian beam it still converges in the far field. We do not know where? So there is a beam waist somewhere in the far field. There are two ways to solve the problem; by using Gaussian formal but, for that we need the beam parameters before expansion optics and information about the expansion optics, which we do not have. So the only way we have, is experimentally measure the beam waist along the z-axis at many points and verify its location for the minimum. Once this is found we put the AOM there. So the experimental data gives us the beam waist and its distance from the laser in the z-direction. We use scanning knife edge method to measure the beam waist.
- In this method we used a knife blade on a translation stage with 10 micron accuracy. The blade is moved transverse to the beam and the power of the uneclipsed portion is recorded with a power meter. The cross section of a Gaussian beam is given by:
- [math] I(r)=I_0 exp(\frac {-2r^2}{w_L^2}) [/math]
Where I(r) is the Intensity as function of radius (distance in transverse direction), I0 is the input intensity at r = 0, and wL is the beam radius. Here the beam radius is defined as the radius where the intensity is reduced to 1/e2 of the value at r = 0. This can be seen by letting r = wL.
The experiment data is obtained by gradually moving the blade across from point A to B, and recording the power. Without going into the math the intensity at the points can be obtained. For starting point A
- [math] \mathbf{I_A(r=0)}=I_0 exp(-2)=I_0*.865 [/math]
For stopping point B
- [math]\mathbf{I_B}=I_0 *(1-.865) [/math]
By measuring this distance the beam waist can be measured and beam diameter is just twice of it:
- [math] \mathbf{\omega_0}=r_{.135}-r_{.865} [/math]
this is the method we used below.
- Beam waist can also be measured the same way in terms of the power. The power transmitted by a partially occluding knife edge:
- [math]\mathbf {p(r)}=\frac{P_0}{\omega_0} \sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi}} \int\limits_r^\infty exp(-\frac{2r^2}{\omega^2}) dr [/math]
After integrating for transmitted power:
- [math]\mathbf {p(r)}=\frac{P_0}{2}{erfc}(2^{1/2}\frac{r}{\omega_0})[/math]
Now the power of 10% and 90% is measured at two points and the value of the points substituted here:
- [math] \mathbf{\omega_0}=.783(r_{.1} - r_{.9})[/math]
The difference between the methods is; the first method measures the value little higher than the second method (power), but the difference is still under 13%. So either method is GOOD but the second is more accurate. Here is a link of a LabView code to calculate the beam waist with knife edge method[5].
We measured the beam waist at every 12.5, 15 and 25mm, over a range of 2000mm from the output aperture of the laser head. The measurement is minimum at 612.5 mm from the laser, thus the beam waist is at 612.5±12.5mm from the laser. And it is to be 1.26±.1 mm.
{{#widget:Google Spreadsheet |key=0ApjWjFYiQdkfdEhhMkIxR2tVSlpVVzh1TEx1OFhHcUE |width=1100 |height=400 }}
Here the plot beam diameter Vs Z is presented. Experimental data is presented as blue and model is red. As it can be seen that model does not fit the data. Experimental beam expands much faster than the model; this proves that the beam waist before the expansion optics must be relatively smaller. And also we are missing an important characterization parameter. The real word lasers work differently in a way that their beam do not follow the regular Gaussian formula for large propagation lengths (more than Raleigh range). So that's why we will have introduce a beam propagation factor called M2.
Beam propagation factor M2
The beam propagation factor M2 was specifically introduced to enable accurate calculation of the properties of laser beams which depart from the theoretically perfect TEM00 beam. This is important because it is quite literally impossible to construct a real world laser that achieves this theoretically ideal performance level.
M2 is defined as the ratio of a beam's actual divergence to the divergence of an ideal, diffraction limited, Gaussian, TEM00 beam having the same waist size and location. Specifically, beam divergence for an ideal, diffraction limited beam is given by:
- [math] \theta_{0}=\frac{\lambda}{\pi w_0} [/math]
this is theoretical half divergence angle in radian.
- [math] \theta_{R}=M^2\frac{\lambda} {\pi w_0} [/math]
- [math] M^2=\frac{\theta_{R}} {\theta_{0}} [/math]
- λ is the laser wavelength
- θR is the far field divergence angle of the real beam.
- w0 is the beam waist radius and θ0 is the far field divergence angle of the theoratical beam.
- M2 is the beam propagation factor
This definition of M2 allows us to make simple change to optical formulas by taking M2 factor as multiplication, to account for the actual beam divergence. This is the reason why M2 is also sometimes referred to as the "times diffraction limit number". The more information about M2 is available in these links:[6][7]
My experimental beam waist is:
wR=.63mm with a theoretical divergence of .69mrad. The data suggests the real far field divergence angle to be 1mrad (half angle) (wR/z at that z). This gives:
Now using beam propagation formula with M2 correction:
- [math]w_R(z) = w_0 \, \sqrt{ 1+ {\left( \frac{z M^2}{z_\mathrm{R}} \right)}^2 } \ . [/math]
instead of:
- [math]w_R(z) = w_0 \, \sqrt{ 1+ {\left( \frac{z}{z_\mathrm{R}} \right)}^2 } \ . [/math]
The result is obvious. Plot shows the real experimental data with theoretical data fit with and without M^2 correction.
M2 is an important parameter and it is good to know it to complete the characterization of a laser.


text:
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People should spay and neuter their pets. Do they believe they are not adding to the pet overpopulation if they find homes for all of their puppies and kittens? They should think again.
For approximately $120, the cost to spay and neuter pets, people can prevent:
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Spaying and neutering also reduce aggression, roaming and spraying. Pets will live longer and healthier lives.
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The end always is painful.
What about those that are sold to puppy mills? It is estimated that at least 5,000 puppy mills exist across the country, some even in Pennsylvania.
The animals are kept in filthy conditions — in rat-infested, feces-filled small coops and cages, only to breed.
They go without food and water for long periods of time. They are diseased, with no shelter from the elements. Cages are stacked on top of each other.
There is no medical care. They are living in hell.
The puppy millers knowingly breed dogs with hereditary and genetic defects, Every heat cycle, these poor little souls are bred, just so someone can make money.
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Puppies end up in some pet stores.
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People must step forward to help stop these sick, inhumane doings. They should call a veterinarian and have their pets spayed and neutered.


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Plaza Comunitaria allows enrolled students to progress at their own pace, at a computer terminal and through the Internet, but with help from CARECEN personnel, who also conduct computer literacy courses. When they complete all the requirements, the students can obtain a graduation certificate from the Mexican Secretary of Public Education, and if they choose, continue with their education.
- May 30, 2015 at 9am – 11am
2845 W 7th St
Los Angeles, CA 90005
United States
Google map and directions
Olga Gonzalez
(310) 597-1424


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Salt Water Pools in Sedella Malaga > Andalusia > Spain
There are regularly discounts obtainable to senior citizen and tiny kids. Find out by contacting your nearest pool in Sedella. These would be the Salt Water Pools in Sedella other users have reported. Are you a local and your pool is not listed? Contact us to ADD IT. It's absolutely free!
Looking for Pools? Quite a few of them belong to gyms or sport centers which also give lessons. Swimia.com has the most up-to-date database about Salt Water Pools in Sedella.
Nearest Salt Water Pools in Sedella, located 7
Club de Natació Barcelona
Updated on 2019 Paseo Joan de Borbo, 93 , Barceloneta , Ciutat Vella , Barcelona , Spain (Postal Code: 08003). Swimmers like you have reported 25 meters, 25 lanes, 2m depth, Indoors, Outdoors, Salt Water. Also, you will find 5 meters, 1 lanes, 1.20m depth. If you have to contact this Pool, email address and phone number are both number.
Piscina Municipal de Vilar de Santos
Updated on 2019 Rúa de Celanova, 83, 32650 Vilar de Santos, Province of Ourense, Spain. This sports center offers 25 meters, 4 lanes, Outdoors, Salt Water, Non-Chlorine Sanitized. Contact information for this Pool like phone number and email address are number.
Piscina de agua salada La Cetárea
Updated on 2019 Calle Francisco González Villamil, 36, 33740 Tapia de Casariego, Asturias, España. Among all of the activities provided by the center, for anyone who is thinking about swimming you are going to delight in outdoors, Salt Water, Non-Chlorine Sanitized. Just in case you need to make contact with this Pool prior to dropping by, we only know the phone number.
Updated on 2019 Carretera de Terrassa, 267, 08206 Sabadell, Barcelona, España. Among all the activities offered by the center, for anyone who is interested in swimming you can expect to take pleasure in 25 meters, 5 lanes, Indoors, Salt Water.
Club Natación Metropole
Updated on 2019 Paseo Alonso Quesada s/n , Las Palmas , Gran Canaria , Islas Canarias , Spain (Postal Code: 35005). Few days ago a regular user of this center told us they offer Olympic size, 8 lanes, Salt Water, Outdoors. Furthermore, they keep in good conditions Olympic size, Salt Water, Outdoors. Contact info for this Pool similar to phone number and email address are number.
Piscina de agua salada de Parla
Updated on 2019 Avenida de America, 51, 28981 Parla, Madrid, España. Swimmers like you reported 25 meters, 5 lanes, Outdoors, Salt Water, Non-Chlorine Sanitized. Unfortunately we do not have the email address of this Swimming Pool, but we can give you the phone number.
Piscinas de Agua Salada de San Esteban de Pravia
Updated on 2019 Paseo Marítimo Marq Santulla, 33130 Muros de Nalón, Asturias, España. This sports center offers Olympic size, Outdoors, Salt Water, Non-Chlorine Sanitized. Contact information for this Swimming Pool similar to phone number and e-mail address are number.


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F45 Fairfield
F45 Training is the new training technique leaving competition and clients gasping for air. F45 is the most innovative, challenging and systemised team training workout in the world. Come and train like the stars at F45 Training.
F45 8 Week Challenge
The F45 Challenge will help you achieve your goals in every way possible. Whether you are looking to reach your goal weight, tone up or increase fitness, the portal is your hub of information.
Our industry-leading nutritionists will provide you with all your meal plans so you know EXACTLY what you're eating each day and what you have to prepare for. We cater for males and females with vegetarian options included.Read more


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A Coppery Eye Look featuring Charlotte Tilbury Walk of Shame
A Peach & Plum Eye Look featuring Natasha Denona Cranberry
A Glittering, Copper & Plum Eye featuring Marc Jacobs
A Basic Look Featuring Tom Ford Platinum
ColourPop Peach Collection Swatches
Coloured Raine x Power Collection Swatches
ColourPop She's a Rainbow Shadow Palette Swatches
Smith & Cult Flash Flush Powder & Cream Blushes | Swatches
Temptalia's 5-Step Guide to Making Better Purchases
Reflections on Brands "Celebrating" Pride
Just what is normal in your lipsticks? A Jaclyn Hill Lipsticks Follow-up!
10 Natasha Denona Mini Eyeshadow Palettes I'd Like to See
Browse all swatches.
Flex Highlighter
Duplicate a high-end product or never buy the same shade twice.
Look to see if any shades between two palettes are known dupes.
Reindeer Fur
Coffee and Cigs
Jackie Aina
Tell us your current shade match, and we'll help you find a match in your next foundation or concealer!
Are you new to the world of foundation or have you never felt like you've found an ideal shade match? Not to worry -- we can still help!
Readers often ask me what are my absolute, all-time favorites, and now you can find my current and long-time favorites all in one place!
Looking for the best makeup and beauty products? Find the top recommendations as voted by our Editor and community members here!
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Golden Goddess
Browse our recommendations for the Best Orange Eyeshadows below! You can refine the results by
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Bella Wedge- Tan
Most orders placed before 2pm cst ship same day, Mon-Fri from our Rockwall, Tx location for FREE! You can upgrade to 2-3 day guaranteed shipping for $7!
Return Policy
We accept returns received to us within thirty (30) days of purchase (the date listed on your receipt) for most items in new condition.
Here's the breakdown: Items must be be unwashed, unworn and unaltered to receive a refund. Gift cards, bras, gifts, home decor, accessories, lingerie and swimwear are only eligible for store credit. Items purchased on sale or with a promo code are eligible for store credit only in the amount of the lowest price of the item. Items purchased with a free gift must also include the free gift if being returned. Items returned after 30 days have up to 45 days to be returned for a store credit for the lowest price of the item. Shipping fees are non refundable.
U.S. Hassle-Free Returns
We're bummed your item didn't work out but heres how easy it is to return! You have two options!
Don't want to use our return system? No problem, you can send returns back to us with your own shipping, just include your invoice or printed out email confirmation (if wanting to exchange, note the exchange request on the invoice). Please send to
Hazel and Olive 306 E Washington Rockwall, Tx 75087
Want to use our easy return system? Here's how:
Returns will be refunded to your form of payment (credit card, PayPal etc.) with a $7 shipping and handling fee that will be deducted from the amount refunded to you per label created.
Start your return by clicking here Follow the prompts, drop it in the mail and we take care of the rest!
Once we received your return, returns will be issued within 3-5 business days.
Exchanges and Store Credit
- Since our items sell out quickly, it is usually best to return your items for a refund and place an order for the items you are wanting. If you wish to exchange, please note your exchange choice on the return center. If you wish to get store credit instead of a refund, please note so on your invoice.


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Principal Proposed Uses
Other Proposed Uses
Numerous plants contain cholesterol-like compounds called sitosterols and their close relatives sitosterolins. A special mixture of these called beta-sitosterol is used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) .
What Is Beta-Sitosterol Used for Today?
Some conditions are luckier than others. For some mysterious reason, there seem to be more useful herbal treatments for BPH than almost any other disease. Beta-sitosterol joins saw palmetto , pygeum , nettle , and grass pollen as a moderately well-documented treatment for BPH.
Based on highly preliminary evidence, it has been suggested that sitosterols may also help strengthen the immune system . 2 In particular, one study suggests that beta-sitosterol can help prevent the temporary immune weakness that typically occurs during recovery from endurance exercise , and can lead to a post-race infection. 3
What Is the Scientific Evidence for Beta-Sitosterol?
A review of the literature, published in 1999, found a total of four double-blind placebo-controlled studies on beta-sitosterol for BPH, enrolling a total of 519 men. 4-7 All but one of these studies found significant benefits in both perceived symptoms and objective measurements, such as urine flow rate.
The largest study followed 200 men with BPH for a period of 6 months. 8 After the trial was completed, many of the participants were followed for an additional year, during which the benefits continued. 9 Similar results were seen in a 6-month, double-blind trial of 177 individuals. 10
Beta-sitosterol binds to prostate tissue and affects the metabolism of prostaglandins, substances found in the body that affect pain and inflammation. 1 However, it is not clear whether this is the correct explanation for how beta-sitosterol might help in BPH.
The daily dosage of beta-sitosterol is 60 to 135 mg. Effects usually take 4 weeks to develop.
Safety Issues
Although detailed safety studies have not been performed, beta-sitosterol is believed to be safe. No significant side effects or drug interactions have been reported. 11
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 12/15/2015 -


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Switzerland Population: 8,179,2941 VISITOR FROM HERE!
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
|The Swiss Confederation was founded in 1291 as a defensive alliance among three cantons. In succeeding years, other localities joined the original three. The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499. A constitution of 1848, subsequently modified in 1874, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government. Switzerland's sovereignty and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers, and the country was not involved in either of the two world wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, has strengthened Switzerland's ties with its neighbors. However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002. Switzerland remains active in many UN and international organizations but retains a strong commitment to neutrality.
Landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps
|Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 41,277 sq km
land: 39,997 sq km
water: 1,280 sq km
Size comparison: slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey
|Land Boundaries:
|total: 1,770 km border countries (5): Austria 158 km, France 525 km, Italy 698 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 348 km
|0 km (landlocked)
|Maritime claims:
|none (landlocked)
|temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers
|mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes
|Elevation extremes:
|Natural resources:
|hydropower potential, timber, salt
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 38.7% arable land 10.2%; permanent crops 0.6%; permanent pasture 27.9% forest: 31.5%
other: 29.8% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|630 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|avalanches, landslides; flash floods
|Current Environment Issues:
|air pollution from vehicle emissions and open-air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
|^Back to Top
| noun: Swiss (singular and plural)
adjective: Swiss
|Ethnic groups:
|German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%
|German (official) 63.5%, French (official) 22.5%, Italian (official) 8.1%, English 4.4%, Portuguese 3.4%, Albanian 3.1%, Serbo-Croatian 2.5%, Spanish 2.2%, Romansch (official) 0.5%, other 6.6% note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national and official languages; totals more than 100% because some respondents indicated more than one main language (2013 est.)
|Roman Catholic 38.2%, Protestant 26.9%, other Christian 5.6%, Muslim 5%, other 1.6%, none 21.4%, unspecified 1.3% (2013 est.)
|8,179,294 (July 2016 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 15.1% (male 635,840/female 599,255)
15-24 years: 11.11% (male 463,953/female 444,500)
25-54 years: 43.46% (male 1,783,071/female 1,771,590)
55-64 years: 12.37% (male 506,010/female 506,103)
65 years and over: 17.96% (male 645,225/female 823,747) (2016 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 48.8%
youth dependency ratio: 22%
elderly dependency ratio: 26.9%
potential support ratio: 3.7% (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 42.2 years
male: 41.3 years
female: 43.2 years (2016 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|0.7% (2016 est.)
|Birth rate:
|10.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Death rate:
|8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|4.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
| urban population: 73.9% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 1.08% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|Zurich 1.246 million; BERN (capital) 358,000 (2015)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|30.4 (2012 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|5 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 3.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 82.6 years male: 80.3 years
female: 85 years (2016 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.55 children born/woman (2016 est.)
|Health expenditures:
|11.7% of GDP (2014)
|Physicians density:
|4.05 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
|Hospital bed density:
|5 beds/1,000 population (2011)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 99.9% of population
rural: 99.8% of population
total: 99.9% of population
urban: 0.1% of population
rural: 0.2% of population
total: 0.1% of population (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.35% (2013 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|20,200 (2013 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|300 (2013 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|21% (2014)
|Education expenditures:
|5.1% of GDP (2013)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 16 years male: 16 years
female: 16 years (2014)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 8.6% male: 8.6%
female: 8.5% (2014 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Swiss Confederation
conventional short form: Switzerland
local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German); Confederation Suisse (French); Confederazione Svizzera (Italian); Confederaziun Svizra (Romansh)
local short form: Schweiz (German); Suisse (French); Svizzera (Italian); Svizra (Romansh)
etymology: name derives from the canton of Schwyz, one of the founding cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy that formed in the 14th century
|Government type:
|federal republic (formally a confederation)
| name: Bern
geographic coordinates: 46 55 N, 7 28 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
|Administrative divisions:
| 26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone, singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Berne/Bern, Fribourg/Freiburg, Geneve, Glarus, Graubuenden/Grigioni/Grischun, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais/Wallis, Vaud, Zug, Zuerich
note: 6 of the cantons - Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Nidwalden, Obwalden - are referred to as half cantons because they elect only one member to the Council of States and, in popular referendums where a majority of popular votes and a majority of cantonal votes are required, these six cantons only have a half vote
|1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)
|National holiday:
|Founding of the Swiss Confederation in 1291; note - since 1 August 1891 celebrated as Swiss National Day
|history: previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000 amendments: proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least one million voters (called the "federal popular initiative"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons; amended many times, last in 2016 (2016)
|Legal system:
|civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except for federal decrees of a general obligatory character
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President of the Swiss Confederation Doris LEUTHARD (since 1 January 2017); Vice President Alain BERSET (since 1 January 2017; note - the Federal Council, which is comprised of 7 federal councillors, constitutes the federal government of Switzerland; council members rotate in a 1-year term as federal president (chief of state and head of government)
head of government: President of the Swiss Confederation Doris LEUTHARD (since 1 January 2017); Vice President Alain BERSET (since 1 January 2017)
cabinet: Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) indirectly elected usually from among its members by the Federal Assembly for a 4-year term elections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected by the Federal Assembly from among members of the Federal Council for a 1-year, non-consecutive term; election last held on 7 December 2016 (next to be held in early December 2017)
election results: Doris LEUTHARD elected president; Federal Assembly vote - 188 of 207; Alain BERSET elected vice president
|Legislative branch:
| description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung - in German, Assemblee Federale - in French, Assemblea Federale - in Italian consists of the Council of States or Staenderat - in German, Conseil des Etats - in French, Consiglio degli Stati - in Italian (46 seats; members in multi-seat constituencies representing cantons and single-seat constituencies representing half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat - in German, Conseil National - in French, Consiglio Nazionale - in Italian (200 seats; 195 members in cantons directly elected by proportional representation vote and 5 in half cantons directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
elections: Council of States - last held in most cantons on 18 October 2015 (each canton determines when the next election will be held); National Council - last held on 18 October 2015 (next to be held in October 2019)
election results: Council of States - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party (as of 18 October 2015) - Christian Democratic People's Party 13, FDP.The Liberals 13, SDP 12, Swiss People's Party 6, other 2; National Council - percent of vote by party - SVP 29.4%, SPS 18.8%, FDP 16.4%, CVP 11.6%, Green Party 7.1%, GLP 4.6%, BDP 4.1%, other 8.0%; seats by party - SVP 65, SPS 43, FDP 33, CVP 27, Green Party 11, GLP 7, BDP 7, other 7
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 38 judges and 31 substitutes and organized into 5 sections) judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Federal Assembly for 6-year terms; note - judges are affiliated with political parties and are elected according to linguistic and regional criteria in approximate proportion to the level of party representation in the Federal Assembly
subordinate courts: Federal Criminal Court (began in 2004); Federal Administrative Court (began in 2007); note - each of Switzerland's 26 cantons has its own courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Christian Democratic People's Party (Christlichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Popolare Democratico Svizzero or PPD, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Gerhard PFISTER] Conservative Democratic Party (Buergerlich-Demokratische Partei Schweiz or BDP, Parti Bourgeois Democratique Suisse or PBD, Partito Borghese Democratico Svizzero or PBD, Partido burgais democratica Svizera or PBD) [Martin LANDOLT] Free Democratic Party or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals) [Petra GOESSI] Green Liberal Party (Grunliberale or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) [Martin BAEUMLE] Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Regula RYTZ] Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christian LEVRAT] Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Albert ROESTI] other minor parties
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|International organization participation:
|ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|National symbol(s):
|Swiss cross (white cross on red field, arms equal length); national colors: red, white
|National anthem:
| the Swiss anthem has four names: "Schweizerpsalm" [German] "Cantique Suisse" [French] "Salmo svizzero," [Italian] "Psalm svizzer" [Romansch] (Swiss Psalm)
lyrics/music: Leonhard WIDMER [German], Charles CHATELANAT [French], Camillo VALSANGIACOMO [Italian], and Flurin CAMATHIAS [Romansch]/Alberik ZWYSSIG
note: unofficially adopted 1961, officially 1981; the anthem has been popular in a number of Swiss cantons since its composition (in German) in 1841; translated into the other three official languages of the country (French, Italian, and Romansch), it is official in each of those languages
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Martin DAHINDEN (since 18 November 2014)
chancery: 2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 745-7900
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Suzan G. LEVINE (since 2 June 2014); note - also accredited to Liechtenstein
embassy: Sulgeneckstrasse 19, CH-3007 Bern
mailing address: use embassy street address
telephone: [41] (031) 357-70-11
|^Back to Top
Switzerland, a country that espouses neutrality, is a prosperous and modern market economy with low unemployment, a highly skilled labor force, and a per capita GDP among the highest in the world. Switzerland's economy benefits from a highly developed service sector, led by financial services, and a manufacturing industry that specializes in high-technology, knowledge-based production. Its economic and political stability, transparent legal system, exceptional infrastructure, efficient capital markets, and low corporate tax rates also make Switzerland one of the world's most competitive economies. The Swiss have brought their economic practices largely into conformity with the EU's to enhance their international competitiveness, but some trade protectionism remains, particularly for its small agricultural sector. The fate of the Swiss economy is tightly linked to that of its neighbors in the euro zone, which purchases half of Swiss exports. The global financial crisis of 2008 and resulting economic downturn in 2009 stalled demand for Swiss exports and put Switzerland into a recession. During this period, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) implemented a zero-interest rate policy to boost the economy, as well as to prevent appreciation of the franc, and Switzerland's economy began to recover in 2010. The sovereign debt crises unfolding in neighboring euro-zone countries, however, coupled with ongoing economic instability in Russia and other eastern European economies continue to pose a significant risk to the Swiss economy, driving up demand for the Swiss franc by investors seeking a safe-haven currency. In January 2015, the SNB abandoned the Swiss franc's peg to the euro, roiling global currency markets and making active SNB intervention a necessary hallmark of present-day Swiss monetary policy. The independent SNB has upheld its zero interest rate policy and conducted major market interventions to prevent further appreciation of the Swiss franc, but parliamentarians have urged it to do more to weaken the currency. The franc's strength has made Swiss exports less competitive and weakened the country's growth outlook; GDP growth fell below 2% per year from 2011-15. In recent years, Switzerland has responded to increasing pressure from neighboring countries and trading partners to reform its banking secrecy laws, by agreeing to conform to OECD regulations on administrative assistance in tax matters, including tax evasion. The Swiss government has also renegotiated its double taxation agreements with numerous countries, including the US, to incorporate OECD standards, and is openly considering the possibility of imposing taxes on bank deposits held by foreigners.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $494.3 billion (2016 est.) $489.5 billion (2015 est.) $485.5 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $662.5 billion (2015 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|1% (2016 est.) 0.8% (2015 est.) 1.9% (2014 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $59,400 (2016 est.) $59,400 (2015 est.) $59,600 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|32.3% of GDP (2016 est.) 33.2% of GDP (2015 est.) 32.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 54%
government consumption: 11.2%
investment in fixed capital: 23.8%
investment in inventories: -0.9%
exports of goods and services: 63.8%
imports of goods and services: -51.9% (2016 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 54%
government consumption: 11.2%
investment in fixed capital: 23.8%
investment in inventories: -0.9%
exports of goods and services: 63.8%
imports of goods and services: -51.9% (2016 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|grains, fruits, vegetables; meat, eggs
|machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, insurance
|Industrial production growth rate:
|2.1% (2016 est.)
|Labor force:
|5.173 million (2016 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 3.4%
industry: 23.4%
services: 73.2% (2010)
|Unemployment rate:
|3.4% (2016 est.) 3.2% (2015 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|7.6% (2011 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 7.5%
highest 10%: 19% (2007)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|28.7 (2012 est.) 33.1 (1992)
| revenues: $215.9 billion
expenditures: $213.4 billion note: includes federal, cantonal, and municipal budgets (2016 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|32.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
|Public debt:
| 34.1% of GDP (2016 est.) 34.4% of GDP (2015 est.)
note: general government gross debt; gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future; includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Ri
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.4% (2016 est.) -1.1% (2015 est.)
|Current account balance:
|$61.2 billion (2016 est.) $75.82 billion (2015 est.)
|$301.1 billion (2016 est.) $303.5 billion (2015 est.) note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland
|Exports - commodities:
|machinery, chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural products
|Exports - partners:
|Germany 14.2%, US 10.6%, Hong Kong 8.7%, India 7.3%, China 6.9%, France 6.1%, Italy 5.4%, UK 4.8% (2015)
|$243.4 billion (2016 est.) $247.7 billion (2015 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery, chemicals, vehicles, metals; agricultural products, textiles
|Imports - partners:
|Germany 20.7%, UK 12.8%, US 8.1%, Italy 7.8%, France 6.7%, China 5.1% (2015)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$602.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $545.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$1.664 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) $1.663 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$1.359 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.262 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$1.565 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.498 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$1.519 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) $1.495 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) $1.541 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)
|Exchange rates:
|Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - 0.9992 (2016 est.) 0.9627 (2015 est.) 0.9627 (2014 est.) 0.9152 (2013 est.) 0.94 (2012 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|68 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|58 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|34 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|29 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|19 million kW (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|2.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|16.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|67.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|4.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|56,560 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2016 es)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|60,150 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|229,600 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|8,057 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|168,800 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|20 million cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|3.281 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|3.261 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|NA cu m (1 January 2011 es)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|45 million Mt (2013 est.)
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|Cellular Phones in use:
|total: 11.7 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 144 (July 2015 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: highly developed telecommunications infrastructure with excellent domestic and international services
domestic: ranked among leading countries for fixed-line teledensity and infrastructure; mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 145 per 100 persons; extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks
international: country code - 41; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean) (2015)
|Broadcast media:
|the publicly owned radio and TV broadcaster, Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG/SSR), operates 7 national TV networks, 3 broadcasting in German, 2 in Italian, and 2 in French; private commercial TV stations broadcast regionally and locally; TV broadcasts (2009)
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
|total: 7.145 million percent of population: 88% (July 2015 est.)
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|63 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 40
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 17 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 23
under 914 m: 23 (2013)
|2 (2013)
|gas 1,800 km; oil 94 km; refined products 7 km (2013)
| total: 5,651.5 km standard gauge: 4,424.8 km 1.435-m gauge (3,634.1 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 2 km 1.200-m gauge (2 km electrified); 1,188.3 km 1.000-m gauge (1,167.3 km electrified); 36.4 km 0.800-m gauge (36.4 km electrified) (2014)
| total 71,464 km
paved: 71,464 km (includes 1,415 of expressways) (2011)
|1,292 km (there are 1,227 km of waterways on lakes and rivers for public transport and 65 km on the Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden and Schaffhausen-Bodensee for commercial goods transport) (2010)
|Merchant marine:
| total 38
by type: bulk carrier 19, cargo 9, chemical tanker 5, container 4, petroleum tanker 1
registered in other countries: 127 (Antigua and Barbuda 7, Bahamas 1, Belize 1, Cayman Islands 1, France 5, Germany 2, Hong Kong 5, Italy 13, Liberia 25, Luxembourg 1, Malta 20, Marshall Islands 12, NZ 2, Panama 15, Portugal 3, Russia 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7, Singapore 3, Spa (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
river port(s): Basel (Rhine)
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|Military branches:
|Swiss Armed Forces: Land Forces, Swiss Air Force (Schweizer Luftwaffe) (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|19-26 years of age for male compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; every Swiss male has to serve at least 260 days in the armed forces; conscripts receive 18 weeks of mandatory training, followed by seven 3-week intermittent recalls for training during the next 10 years (2012)
|Military expenditures:
|0.64% of GDP (2014) 0.69% of GDP (2013) 0.76% of GDP (2012) 0.75% of GDP (2011) 0.76% of GDP (2010)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
| refugees (country of origin): 21,000 (Eritrea); 8,695 (Syria) (2015)
stateless persons: 69 (2015)
|Illicit drugs:
|a major international financial center vulnerable to the layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and Western European synthetics; domestic cannabis cultivation and limited ecstasy production
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


text:
Grenada Population: 111,219NO VISITORS FROM HERE YET!
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|Carib Indians inhabited Grenada when Christopher COLUMBUS discovered the island in 1498, but it remained uncolonized for more than a century. The French settled Grenada in the 17th century, established sugar estates, and imported large numbers of African slaves. Britain took the island in 1762 and vigorously expanded sugar production. In the 19th century, cacao eventually surpassed sugar as the main export crop; in the 20th century, nutmeg became the leading export. In 1967, Britain gave Grenada autonomy over its internal affairs. Full independence was attained in 1974 making Grenada one of the smallest independent countries in the Western Hemisphere. Grenada was seized by a Marxist military council on 19 October 1983. Six days later the island was invaded by US forces and those of six other Caribbean nations, which quickly captured the ringleaders and their hundreds of Cuban advisers. Free elections were reinstituted the following year and have continued since then.
The administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada
|Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 344 sq km
land: 344 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Size comparison: twice the size of Washington, DC
|Land Boundaries:
|0 km
|121 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
|tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds
|volcanic in origin with central mountains
|Elevation extremes:
|Natural resources:
|timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 32.3% arable land 8.8%; permanent crops 20.6%; permanent pasture 2.9% forest: 50%
other: 17.7% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|20 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November
|Current Environment Issues:
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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| noun: Grenadian(s)
adjective: Grenadian
|Ethnic groups:
|African descent 89.4%, mixed 8.2%, East Indian 1.6%, other 0.9% (includes indigenous) (2001 est.)
|English (official), French patois
|Roman Catholic 44.6%, Protestant 43.5% (includes Anglican 11.5%, Pentecostal 11.3%, Seventh Day Adventist 10.5%, Baptist 2.9%, Church of God 2.6%, Methodist 1.8%, Evangelical 1.6%, other 1.3%), Jehovah's Witness 1.1%, Rastafarian 1.1%, other 6.2%, none 3.6%
|111,219 (July 2016 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 24.15% (male 13,935/female 12,928)
15-24 years: 15.55% (male 8,609/female 8,684)
25-54 years: 40.36% (male 23,001/female 21,891)
55-64 years: 10.1% (male 5,753/female 5,476)
65 years and over: 9.84% (male 5,041/female 5,901) (2016 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 50.7%
youth dependency ratio: 39.9%
elderly dependency ratio: 10.8%
potential support ratio: 9.3% (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 30.9 years
male: 30.9 years
female: 31 years (2016 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|0.46% (2016 est.)
|Birth rate:
|15.8 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Death rate:
|8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
| urban population: 35.6% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 0.33% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|SAINT GEORGE'S (capital) 38,000 (2014)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.1 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|27 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 9.9 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 74.3 years male: 71.7 years
female: 77.1 years (2016 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|2.04 children born/woman (2016 est.)
|Health expenditures:
|6.1% of GDP (2014)
|Physicians density:
|0.66 physicians/1,000 population (2006)
|Hospital bed density:
|3.5 beds/1,000 population (2012)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 99% of population
rural: 95.3% of population
total: 96.6% of population
urban: 1% of population
rural: 4.7% of population
total: 3.4% of population (2015 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 97.5% of population
rural: 98.3% of population
total: 98% of population
urban: 2.5% of population
rural: 1.7% of population
total: 2% of population (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|24.6% (2014)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 16 years male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2009)
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|Country name:
| conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Grenada
etymology: probably named for the Spanish city of Granada; in Spanish "granada" means "pomegranate"
|Government type:
|parliamentary democracy (Parliament); a Commonwealth realm
| name: Saint George's
geographic coordinates: 12 03 N, 61 45 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petite Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick
|7 February 1974 (from the UK)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 7 February (1974)
|previous 1967; latest presented 19 December 1973, effective 7 February 1974, suspended 1979 following a revolution, but restored in 1983; amended 1991 (Constitutional Judicature Act, 1991); note - in late 2015, as part of constitutional reform, Parliament completed its first reading of a package of amendments (2016)
|Legal system:
|common law based on English model
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Cecile LA GRENADE (since 7 May 2013)
head of government: Prime Minister Keith MITCHELL (since 20 February 2013)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general
|Legislative branch:
| description: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (13 seats; members appointed by the governor general - 10 on the advice of the prime minister and 3 on the advice of the opposition party leader; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Representatives (15 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)
elections: last held on 19 February 2013 (next to be held in 2018)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NNP 59%, NDC 41%; seats by party - NNP 15
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to include Grenada; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 19 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, and independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: magistrates' courts; Court of Magisterial Appeals
|Political parties and leaders:
|Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Wilfred HAYES] National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS] New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Committee for Human Rights in Grenada or CHRG New Jewel Movement Support Group The British Grenada Friendship Society The New Jewel 19 Committee
|International organization participation:
|ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|Grenada dove, Bougainvillea flower; national colors: red, yellow, green
|National anthem:
| name: "Hail Grenada"
lyrics/music: Irva Merle BAPTISTE/Louis Arnold MASANTO
note: adopted 1974
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Ethelstan A. FRIDAY (since 3 September 2013)
chancery: 1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 265-2561
consulate(s) general: Miami
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: the US does not have an embassy in Grenada; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Grenada
embassy: Lance-aux-Epines Stretch, Saint George's
mailing address: P. O. Box 54, Saint George's
telephone: [1] (473) 444-1173 through 1176
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Grenada relies on tourism as its main source of foreign exchange especially since the construction of an international airport in 1985. Strong performances in construction and manufacturing, together with the development of tourism and higher education - especially in medicine - contributed to growth in national output; however, economic growth remained stagnant in 2010-14, after a sizable contraction in 2009, because of the global economic slowdown's effects on tourism and remittances. Gross national saving – and wealth – has been declining since 2010. Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Emily (2005) severely damaged the agricultural sector - particularly nutmeg and cocoa cultivation - which had been a key driver of economic growth. Grenada has rebounded from the devastating effects of the hurricanes but is now saddled with the debt burden from the rebuilding process. Public debt-to-GDP is about 110%, leaving the MITCHELL administration limited room to engage in public investments and social spending. MITCHELL in 2013 announced a structural adjustment program that includes a plan to increase tax revenue.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.511 billion (2016 est.) $1.467 billion (2015 est.) $1.381 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $1.028 billion (2015 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|3% (2016 est.) 6.2% (2015 est.) 7.3% (2014 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $14,100 (2016 est.) $13,700 (2015 est.) $13,000 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|0.4% of GDP (2016 est.) 2.1% of GDP (2015 est.) 1.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 80.3%
government consumption: 15.1%
investment in fixed capital: 17%
investment in inventories: -0.1%
exports of goods and services: 23.8%
imports of goods and services: -36.1% (2016 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 80.3%
government consumption: 15.1%
investment in fixed capital: 17%
investment in inventories: -0.1%
exports of goods and services: 23.8%
imports of goods and services: -36.1% (2016 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, mace, citrus, avocados, root crops, sugarcane, corn, vegetables
|food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction
|Industrial production growth rate:
|2% (2016 est.)
|Labor force:
|59,900 (2013 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 11%
industry: 20%
services: 69% (2008 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|33.5% (2013) 25% (2008)
|Population below poverty line:
|38% (2008 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
| revenues: $274.6 million
expenditures: $308.9 million (2016 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|26.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
|Public debt:
|110% of GDP (2012 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.5% (2016 est.) -1.4% (2015 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$130 million (2016 est.) -$157 million (2015 est.)
|$44.2 million (2016 est.) $43.8 million (2015 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|nutmeg, bananas, cocoa, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace
|Exports - partners:
|Nigeria 44.7%, St. Lucia 10.8%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.3%, St. Kitts and Nevis 6.6%, Dominica 6.6%, US 5.8% (2015)
|$313.7 million (2016 est.) $310.4 million (2015 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|food, manufactured goods, machinery, chemicals, fuel
|Imports - partners:
|Trinidad and Tobago 49.6%, US 16.4% (2015)
|Debt - external:
|$679 million (2013 est.) $538 million (2010 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|Exchange rates:
|East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2016 est.) 2.7 (2015 est.) 2.7 (2014 est.) 2.7 (2013 est.) 2.7 (2012 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|200 million kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|200 million kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|0 kWh (2013 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|0 kWh (2013 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|50,000 kW (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|98.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|1.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|0 bbl (1 January 2016 es)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|2,300 bbl/day (2014 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|2,259 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|0 cu m (1 January 2014 es)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|500,000 Mt (2013 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Cellular Phones in use:
|total: 120,000 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (July 2015 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: adequate, automatic, island-wide telephone system
domestic: interisland VHF and UHF radiotelephone links
international: country code - 1-473; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the British Virgin Islands to Trinidad; SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago a (2015)
|Broadcast media:
|the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations; multi-channel cable TV subscription service is available; a dozen private radio (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
|total: 60,000 percent of population: 53.8% (July 2015 est.)
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|3 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
| total 1,127 km
paved: 687 km
unpaved: 440 km (2001)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Saint George's
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|Military branches:
|no regular military forces; Royal Grenada Police Force (includes Coast Guard) (2010)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Illicit drugs:
|small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for marijuana and cocaine to US
|^Back to Top
Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


text:
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The city of Lancaster is putting its money where its mouth is in support of a future business park near Lancaster County Airport on S.C. 9 West.
Lancaster City Council, by a 6-1 vote, approved at its Oct. 23 meeting to allocate $900,000 to extend city water and sewer services to the Lancaster Air-Rail Industrial Park, a joint project being planned by Lancaster City and County Councils.
The Lancaster County Chamber of Commerce is stepping to the fore in a solid effort to boost the local economy.
The latest season of the Think Lancaster First campaign took flight at the chamber's annual Rub of the Green golf tournament on Oct. 11 at the Lancaster Golf Club.
A highlight of the popular golf tournament was a hot-air balloon, which was adorned with the Think Lancaster First banner.
The balloon was a hot spot during the afternoon tournament with more than 100 riders.
A gold medal and three silvers are nothing to sneeze at as the old saying goes.
Rather, it's something to be proud of over a two-year athletic career in the state meet.
Those are the honors Lancaster High School senior swimmer Jory Pettit posted in the last two Class AAAA state swim meets.
Pettit, as a junior, won the gold in the 50-yard freestyle and took the silver in the 100-yard freestyle.
National recognition is nice and national recognition two straight years is, well, twice as nice.
That's what Springs Memorial Hospital earned from the Joint Commission – the leading accreditor of health-care organizations in America.
Most folks in our area know the importance of the University of South Carolina Lancaster in our community.
Palmetto State residents now know what we've known for years.
USCL, a regional campus of the University of South Carolina, was recently ranked as the most successful two-year campus in the Palmetto State.
A summary of college and university graduation rates prepared by the S.C. Commission on Higher Education scored USCL at a success rate of 66.9 percent.
It's almost show time for the seventh annual Indian Land Fall into Fun Festival and third annual S.C. Championship Chili Cookoff.
Saturday's festival promises to be a lot of fun for everyone from toddlers to teens and older folks, all for a good cause.
"This is the biggest fundraiser for the Indian Land Rotary Club, and what we do with the funds is give back, mostly to the local Indian Land community," Indian Land Rotary Club President Dr. Adam Cooper said.
Sometimes it's not all about the wins and losses.
Friday afternoon, Aug. 24, it was about a new start for the University of South Carolina Lancaster soccer program.
For the first time in the history of the school, the USCL Lancers teams were able to play matches on campus.
As Lancers' athletic director Rick Walters said, fans watching the matches were watching more than soccer, they were "watching history."
The Lancers' women's program is in its sixth season, while the USCL men are in their first campaign.
No school. No work. Yes, it's the Labor Day holiday. Time for that end-of-summer fling whether it's in the mountains, the beaches or just in the backyard with family, friends, a grill and even fireworks.
Monday, Sept. 3, is a federal holiday that celebrates the contributions of America's workers. Schools are closed, as well as government offices, banks and other businesses.
The origin of summer's final holiday dates back 130 years.
The first U.S. Labor Day was celebrated on Sept. 5, 1882 in New York City.
The last few weeks have been busy for teachers, students and their families as they scrambled to prepare for the school bells that rang Monday morning.
Many students and their parents took advantage of the recent sales-tax-free weekend to buy school supplies and clothes. And teachers have been busy preparing their classrooms for the return of students.
There's plenty of local football action on tap this weekend.
The ninth annual Founders Federal Credit Union Kickoff Classic is set for tonight, Aug. 17, at the Reservation at Indian Land High School.
The annual scrimmage at ILHS is the only place you can see all four county high school teams in action at one place.
Andrew Jackson High School kicks off the action as the Volunteers battle the McBee Panthers at 6 p.m.
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