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Dogen Sangha International Post Mortem
I'm going to keep posting commercials until everyone in the world buys a copy of the Hardcore Zen audiobook.
This one came out pretty good. This was a surprise because I'm working with iMovie, which is a pain in the butt compared to Final Cut. I used to use Final Cut. But now the program no longer works so I'm stuck with iMovie. iMove is made for dad to edit out the parts where little Molly drools on the dog and then upload it to YouTube and not much else. Bending it to do what I'm doing takes a certain amount of what feels to me like fooling the program into doing things it doesn't want to do.
Be that as it may. I was talking with Tim McCarthy, my first Zen teacher, yesterday about the demise of Dogen Sangha International (DSI) and about lineages in general. Tim pointed out that the Asian model for passing on lineages in things like Zen, the martial arts, tea ceremony and so on goes something like this. A teacher will often appoint several successors to whom he (or she, but I'll use he for now) gives his blessing to teach as part of his lineage. When the teacher wishes to retire or feels he's about to die, he will often single out one of these successors to inherit whatever that teacher has established in the form of a school. There may be property involved, there might be money, there might be a roster of students, teachers and other such members of that school.
In the case of DSI, the school was almost entirely conceptual. There was no property or money passed on to me and not even a list of members. The only property DSI may or may not have held were certain intellectual property items in the form of the copyrights to certain of Nishijima's written work in English.
I say "may or may not" because even this was never really made clear to me. However, I had long believed that if there was one thing all of Nishijima Roshi's dharma heirs agreed upon it was that some one person or entity should take charge of Nishijima Roshi's written work. There has been a hell of a lot of bickering about Nishijima Roshi's written material in English because he did not produce any of it by himself. He always worked with some native English speaker to turn his ideas into publishable English.
I had believed that all of this had been settled. I was well aware that a number of people were not entirely happy with the way it had been settled. But I had believed at least they accepted things. When I published my last blog I found out immediately that this was not true.
If I felt that Nishijima Roshi's written legacy in English might disappear unless I entered into the fray and fought for DSI to administer all of this material, I might be inclined to fight about it. But everything is available, even if there are several sources for it. What matters is that it's out there. Since this is true it doesn't seem important to me to spend any effort on consolidating things.
What has happened in DSI regarding this material is precisely what always happens when people produce some kind of collaborative piece of art without stipulating one single person or entity as the sole owner of that thing. This is why filmmakers these days are usually very meticulous about having everyone involved sign contracts specifically stating what sort of compensation they will receive and what, if any, rights of ownership they'll have over the finished product. You don't want some guy whose only role in Titanic was to go "Arrrrrggghhh!!" and fall off the ship to start saying he now owns the whole movie.
There are currently no legal versions of any of the Ultraman programs made between 1966 and 1974 available outside of Japan because of problems of this nature. Eventually all the animosity involved in this tore the original Tsuburaya Productions apart. None of the Tsuburaya family are involved in the company that now bears their name.
Some of you who like to post in the comments section appear to believe that, as far as spiritual organizations go, this situation is unique to Dogen Sangha. This is because Dogen Sangha is far more open about our own shortcomings than anyone else in this business. We don't have professional PR people, legal departments and so forth to promote a false image of solidarity like other spiritual organizations do. And trust me folks, they really do. Even the ones headed by those beatifically smiling faces you see on all the covers of the Buddhist mags. Especially them! This is one of the things I like about us. We are honest and open to a fault. It's one of the reasons Dogen Sangha will never be as "successful" as those other spiritual organizations. But in my way of thinking this is the true success of Dogen Sangha.
The issue of the matter of there being multiple successors with one person being singled out as a kind of special successor, or head successor, or whatever, will always be a problem for organizations like Dogen Sangha. The Western solution in many cases seems to be to either try to create some kind of legal framework around this process or to democratize it or both. That's how we handle things. That's how we arrogantly think things must be handled.
But Buddhism isn't like a government or a corporation. When you try to force it into that mold, it breaks. Lots of people will assure you this is not true. But they're mistaken.
Typically when one person is singled out as some kind of special successor in cases like these, the older members of the group refuse to accept him, those who joined around the same time as the newly appointed special successor may grudgingly agree to go along, and those who join after the appointment has been made simply accept it. This is precisely what happened with DSI.
I don't have any interest in trying to convince Nishijima Roshi's older students to accept me as their new dharma daddy. It's like asking me to join in a fight over who gets to eat the last chicken leg in the Col. Sanders bucket. I'm a vegetarian. I don't care who eats it.
I also have no desire to lead Dogen Sangha International. It's not fun. It doesn't make money. It doesn't make me a hit with the ladies. And worse than that it doesn't even help spread the teachings of Dogen. So why do it? That's a serious question that I have put to a number of people and I have never heard a single convincing answer.
Once when I was having some trouble with my little band of misfit meditators in Los Angeles, I went to see Mel Weitsman of the Berkeley Zen Center about it. After listening to me whine for a while, he asked, "What's your bottom line with your group?" I had never thought about it like that. I said that my bottom line was, "I sit zazen ever day. On Saturdays I invite other people to sit with me." And that was it. That's what was at the very bottom for me.
In that case if someone were to come on Saturday and start making a lot of fuss and noise, they'd be interfering with my bottom line and I'd ask them to leave. If they refused to go, I'd end the practice of opening my place to strangers.
As far as Dogen Sangha (International or otherwise) is concerned, I feel pretty much the same way. My bottom line is that I sit and you can join me if you want. Anything that interferes with that needs to be stripped away. Dogen Sangha International was interfering with that, and now it's gone.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Pediatric Dentist
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Treat your clients or guests to a pampering spa kit! End the day with a soft and fluffy towel or comfy bath robe.
Fitness Club
A walker's guide and record keeper is the perfect way for walkers to learn proper walking techniques, keep track of progress and stay motivated! Maintain a steady balance and help your members physical strength increase while reminding them of your stellar customer service when you give them the Promo NRG Band with hologram technology.
Woman's Wellness Center
A pregnancy journal allows pregnant women to document discoveries and emotions. You can also remind women of the importance of heart health with the American Heart Association's "Red Dress" icon pen or an awareness ribbon pen is a great way to promote awareness for any cause.
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What's better for your skin than drinking plenty of water? Hand out water bottles with a custom imprinted label to promote hydration and skin health.
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A light up leash is a great item for a dog owner to stay safe and visible when walking. A customized water bowl is perfect for any pet. Use it at home or as a spare for hikes or road trips so your pets can stay hydrated.
Medical Facilities
First aid kits are important to have at any time in case of minor injuries. Pill boxes are a great way to divide pills into their assigned day and an easy way to always have them when needed.
Weight-Loss Center
Key tags can be a great way to promote weight loss. Fruit or veggie shaped key tags with a message promoting healthy eating are useful, convenient items. Banners are also a great way to display healthy eating habits.


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Argentina Population: 43,886,74817 VISITORS FROM HERE!
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|In 1816, the United Provinces of the Rio Plata declared their independence from Spain. After Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay went their separate ways, the area that remained became Argentina. The country's population and culture were heavily shaped by immigrants from throughout Europe, with Italy and Spain providing the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930. Up until about the mid-20th century, much of Argentina's history was dominated by periods of internal political conflict between Federalists and Unitarians and between civilian and military factions. After World War II, an era of Peronist populism and direct and indirect military interference in subsequent governments was followed by a military junta that took power in 1976. Democracy returned in 1983 after a failed bid to seize the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) by force, and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the successive resignations of several presidents.
Second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbon is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere
|Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 2,780,400 sq km
land: 2,736,690 sq km
water: 43,710 sq km
Size comparison: slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US
|Land Boundaries:
|total: 11,968 km border countries (5): Bolivia 942 km, Brazil 1,263 km, Chile 6,691 km, Paraguay 2,531 km, Uruguay 541 km
|4,989 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
|mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest
|rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border
|Elevation extremes:
|Natural resources:
|fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium, arable land
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 53.9% arable land 13.9%; permanent crops 0.4%; permanent pasture 39.6% forest: 10.7%
other: 35.4% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|23,600 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|San Miguel de Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas volcanism: volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue (elev. 2,997 m) last erupted in 2000; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchon-Peteroa, San Jose, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma
|Current Environment Issues:
|environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an industrializing economy such as deforestation, soil degradation, desertification, air pollution, and water pollution note: Argentina is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse gas targets
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
|^Back to Top
| noun: Argentine(s)
adjective: Argentine
|Ethnic groups:
|white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry), Amerindian, or other non-white groups 3%
|Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French, indigenous (Mapudungun, Quechua)
|nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%
|43,886,748 (July 2016 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 24.72% (male 5,590,165/female 5,259,163)
15-24 years: 15.43% (male 3,461,288/female 3,312,056)
25-54 years: 39.24% (male 8,593,500/female 8,627,846)
55-64 years: 9.14% (male 1,948,179/female 2,064,463)
65 years and over: 11.46% (male 2,104,830/female 2,925,258) (2016 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 56.5%
youth dependency ratio: 39.4%
elderly dependency ratio: 17.1%
potential support ratio: 5.8% (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 31.5 years
male: 30.3 years
female: 32.7 years (2016 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|0.93% (2016 est.)
|Birth rate:
|17 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Death rate:
|7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
| urban population: 91.8% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 1.04% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|BUENOS AIRES (capital) 15.18 million; Cordoba 1.511 million; Rosario 1.381 million; Mendoza 1.009 million; San Miguel de Tucuman 910,000; La Plata 846,000 (2015)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|52 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 10.1 deaths/1,000 live births male: 11 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 77.1 years male: 74 years
female: 80.4 years (2016 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|2.28 children born/woman (2016 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|78.9% (2004/05)
|Health expenditures:
|4.8% of GDP (2014)
|Physicians density:
|3.86 physicians/1,000 population (2013)
|Hospital bed density:
|4.7 beds/1,000 population (2012)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 99% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 99.1% of population
urban: 1% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0.9% of population (2015 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 96.2% of population
rural: 98.3% of population
total: 96.4% of population
urban: 3.8% of population
rural: 1.7% of population
total: 3.6% of population (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|0.39% (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|109,700 (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|2,300 (2015 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|26.5% (2014)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|2.3% (2005)
|Education expenditures:
|5.5% of GDP (2014)
| definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 98.1%
male: 98%
female: 98.1% (2015 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 17 years male: 16 years
female: 18 years (2013)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 18.8% male: 16.7%
female: 22.4% (2014 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Country name:
| conventional long form: Argentine Republic
conventional short form: Argentina
local long form: Republica Argentina
local short form: Argentina
etymology: originally the area was referred to as Tierra Argentina, i.e., "Land beside the Silvery River" or "silvery land," which referred to the massive estuary in the east of the country, the Rio de la Plata (River of Silver); over time the name shortened to simply Argentina or "silvery"
|Government type:
|presidential republic
| name: Buenos Aires
geographic coordinates: 34 36 S, 58 22 W
time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
| 23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 autonomous city*; Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires*, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (Tierra del Fuego), Tucuman
note: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica
|9 July 1816 (from Spain)
|National holiday:
|Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)
|several previous; latest effective 11 May 1853; amended many times, last in 1994 (2016)
|Legal system:
|civil law system based on West European legal systems; note - in 2014, Congress passed government-backed reform to the civil code that will go into effect in 2016
|18-70 years of age; universal and compulsory; 16-17 years of age - optional for national elections
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Mauricio MACRI (since 10 December 2015); Vice President Gabriela MICHETTI (since 10 December 2015); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Mauricio MACRI (since 10 December 2015); Vice President Gabriela MICHETTI (since 10 December 2015)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by qualified majority popular vote for a 4-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held in 2 rounds on 25 October and 22 November 2015 (next to be held in October 2019)
election results: Mauricio MACRI elected president; percent of vote: first-round results - Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 37.1%, Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 34.2%, Sergio MASSA (FR/PJ) 21.4%, other 7.3%; second-round results - Mauricio MACRI (PRO) 51.4%, Daniel SCIOLI (PJ) 48.6%
|Legislative branch:
| description: bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate (72 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership elected every 2 years) and the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 2 years)
elections: Senate - last held on 25 October 2015 (next to be held October 2017); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 25 October 2015 (next to be held October 2017)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - Cambiemos 12, FpV 8, PF 2, Progresistas 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA; seats by bloc or party - FpV 84, Cambiemos 21, FR and allies 8, Progresistas 9, Federal Peronism 3, PP 3, other 2; note - as of 1 February 2016, the total seats per party of bloc in the legislature is as follows: Senate - FpV 117, UCR/CC 50, Pro 41, PJ 36, PS/GEN 9, other 4; Chamber of Deputies - FpV 42, UCR/CC 11, PJ 10, Pro 4, PS/GEN 2, other 3
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of the court president, vice-president, and 5 judges) judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the president and approved by the Senate; judges can serve until mandatory retirement at age 75
subordinate courts: federal level appellate, district, and territorial courts; provincial level supreme, appellate, and first instance courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Cambiemos (a coalition composed of CC, PRO, and UCR) [Mauricio MACRI] Civic Coalition or CC (a coalition loosely affiliated with Elisa CARRIO) Dissident Peronists (PJ Disidente) or Federal Peronism (a right-wing faction of the Justicialist Party opposed to the Kirchners) [Ramon PUERTA] Front for Victory or FpV (left-wing faction of PJ) [Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER] Peronist (or Justicialist) Party or PJ [Eduardo FELLNER] Popular Path or PP Progresistas [Margarita STOLBIZER] Radical Civic Union or UCR [Ernesto SANZ] Republican Proposal or PRO [Mauricio MACRI] Socialist Party or PS [Hermes BINNER] Renewal Front (Frente Renovador) or FR [Sergio MASSA] numerous provincial parties
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs or CILFA Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association) Argentine Rural Confederation or CRA (small to medium landowners' association) Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association) Blue and White CGT (dissident CGT labor confederation) Central of Argentine Workers or CTA (a union for employed and unemployed workers) General Confederation of Labor or CGT (Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization) Roman Catholic Church other: business organizations; Peronist-dominated labor movement; Piquetero groups (popular protest organizations that can be either pro or anti-government); students
|International organization participation:
|AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BCIE, BIS, CAN (associate), CD, CELAC, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SICA (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina (observer), UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|National symbol(s):
|Sun of May (a sun-with-face symbol); national colors: light blue, white
|National anthem:
| name: "Himno Nacional Argentino" (Argentine National Anthem)
lyrics/music: Vicente LOPEZ y PLANES/Jose Blas PARERA
note: adopted 1813; Vicente LOPEZ was inspired to write the anthem after watching a play about the 1810 May Revolution against Spain
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Martin LOUSTEAU (since 28 January 2016)
chancery: 1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 238-6400
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Washington, DC
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Noah Bryson MAMET (since 16 January 2015)
embassy: Avenida Colombia 4300, C1425GMN Buenos Aires
mailing address: international mail: use embassy street address; APO address: US Embassy Buenos Aires, Unit 4334, APO AA 34034
telephone: [54] (11) 5777-4533
|^Back to Top
Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Although one of the world's wealthiest countries 100 years ago, Argentina suffered during most of the 20th century from recurring economic crises, persistent fiscal and current account deficits, high inflation, mounting external debt, and capital flight. A severe depression, growing public and external indebtedness, and an unprecedented bank run culminated in 2001 in the most serious economic, social, and political crisis in the country's turbulent history. Interim President Adolfo RODRIGUEZ SAA declared a default - at the time the largest ever - on the government's foreign debt in December of that year, and abruptly resigned only a few days after taking office. His successor, Eduardo DUHALDE, announced an end to the peso's decade-long 1-to-1 peg to the US dollar in early 2002. The economy bottomed out that year, with real GDP 18% smaller than in 1998 and almost 60% of Argentines below the poverty line. Real GDP rebounded to grow by an average 8.5% annually over the subsequent six years, taking advantage of previously idled industrial capacity and labor, an audacious debt restructuring and reduced debt burden, excellent international financial conditions, and expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. Inflation also increased, however, during the administration of President Nestor KIRCHNER, which responded with price restraints on businesses, as well as export taxes and restraints, and beginning in 2007, with understating inflation data. Cristina FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER succeeded her husband as president in late 2007, and the rapid economic growth of previous years began to slow sharply the following year as government policies held back exports and the world economy fell into recession. The economy in 2010 rebounded strongly from the 2009 recession, but has slowed since late 2011 even as the government continued to rely on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which have kept inflation in the double digits. The government has taken multiple steps in recent years to deal with these problems. It expanded state intervention in the economy throughout 2012. In May 2012 the Congress approved the nationalization of the oil company YPF from Spain's Repsol. The government expanded formal and informal measures to restrict imports during the year, including a requirement for pre-registration and pre-approval of all imports. In July 2012, the government also further tightened currency controls in an effort to bolster foreign reserves and stem capital flight. In October 2013, the government settled long standing international arbitral disputes dating to before and following the 2001 Argentine financial crisis. During 2014, the government continued its expansionary fiscal and monetary policies and foreign exchange and imports controls. Between 2011 and 2013, Central Bank foreign reserves had dropped $21.3 billion from a high of $52.7 billion. In July 2014, Argentina and China agreed on an $11 billion currency swap; the Argentine Central Bank has received the equivalent of $3.2 billion in Chinese yuan, which it counts as international reserves. In 2014, the government also took some measures to mend ties with the international financial community, including engaging with the IMF to improve its economic data reporting, reaching a compensation agreement with Repsol for the expropriation of YPF, and agreeing to pay $9.7 billion in arrears to the Paris Club over five years, including $606 million owed to the US. In July 2014, Argentina made its first payment to Paris Club creditors. At the same time, the Argentine Government in July 2014 entered a technical default on its external debt after it failed to reach an agreement with holdout creditors in the US. The FERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER government rejected repeated attempts by the court to encourage a negotiated solution with holdouts. Throughout much of 2015, negotiations to repay holdout creditors stalled. The government's delay in reaching a settlement and the continuation of interventionist policies contributed to high inflation and a prolonged recession. After being elected into office on December 10, President MACRI has taken significant steps to liberalize the Argentine economy. His administration lifted capital controls; floated the peso, negotiated debt payments with holdout bond creditors, and removed export controls on some commodities.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $879.4 billion (2016 est.) $895.2 billion (2015 est.) $873.7 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $541.7 billion (2015 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|-1.8% (2016 est.) 2.5% (2015 est.) -2.5% (2014 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $20,200 (2016 est.) $20,800 (2015 est.) $20,500 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|14.2% of GDP (2016 est.) 14.3% of GDP (2015 est.) 15.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 63.7%
government consumption: 19.3%
investment in fixed capital: 16%
investment in inventories: 1.7%
exports of goods and services: 13.2%
imports of goods and services: -13.9% (2016 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 63.7%
government consumption: 19.3%
investment in fixed capital: 16%
investment in inventories: 1.7%
exports of goods and services: 13.2%
imports of goods and services: -13.9% (2016 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock
|food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel
|Industrial production growth rate:
|1.7% note: based on private sector estimates (2016 est.)
|Labor force:
|17.71 million note: urban areas only (2016 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 5%
industry: 23%
services: 72% (2009 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|8% (2016 est.) 7.6% (2015 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
| 30%
note: data are based on private estimates (2010 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 1.5%
highest 10%: 32.3% (2010 est.)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|45.8 (2009)
| revenues: $115.9 billion
expenditures: $141.7 billion (2016 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|21.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
|Public debt:
|53.8% of GDP (2016 est.) 50.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
|Fiscal year:
|calendar year
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 42.8% (2016 est.) 26.5% (2015 est.) note: data are derived from private estimates
|Current account balance:
|-$12.72 billion (2016 est.) -$15.94 billion (2015 est.)
|$58.4 billion (2016 est.) $56.76 billion (2015 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|soybeans and derivatives, petroleum and gas, vehicles, corn, wheat
|Exports - partners:
|Brazil 17%, China 8.6%, US 5.9% (2015)
|$57.23 billion (2016 est.) $57.18 billion (2015 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and natural gas, organic chemicals, plastics
|Imports - partners:
|Brazil 22.4%, US 16.3%, China 15.5%, Germany 5.1% (2015)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$32.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $25.52 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$155.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $136.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$103.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $94.19 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$37.97 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $37.03 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$56.13 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $60.14 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $53.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
|Exchange rates:
|Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar - 14.92 (2016 est.) 9.2332 (2015 est.) 9.2332 (2014 est.) 8.0753 (2013 est.) 4.54 (2012 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|126 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|116 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|200 million kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|10 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|36 million kW (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|68.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|2.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|26% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|0.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|532,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|37,690 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|7,460 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|2.4 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|670,900 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|751,000 bbl/day (2014 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|63,060 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|109,900 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|35.4 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|47.23 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|70 million cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|11.9 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|332.1 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|202 million Mt (2013 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Cellular Phones in use:
|total: 60.664 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (July 2015 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: in 1998 Argentina opened its telecommunications market to competition and foreign investment encouraging the growth of modern telecommunications technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; major networks are ent
domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; fixed-line teledensity is increasing gradually and mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; broadband Internet services
international: country code - 54; landing point for the Atlantis-2, UNISUR, South America-1, and South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilus submarine cable systems that provide links to Europe, Africa, South and Central America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 (2011)
|Broadcast media:
|government owns a TV station and a radio network; more than 2 dozen TV stations and hundreds of privately owned radio stations; high rate of cable TV subscription usage (2007)
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
|total: 30.142 million percent of population: 69.4% (July 2015 est.)
|^Back to Top
|1,138 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 161
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 29
1,524 to 2,437 m: 65
914 to 1,523 m: 53
under 914 m: 10 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 977
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 43
914 to 1,523 m: 484
under 914 m: 448 (2013)
|2 (2013)
|gas 29,930 km; liquid petroleum gas 41 km; oil 6,248 km; refined products 3,631 km (2013)
| total: 36,917.4 km broad gauge: 26,391 km 1.676-m gauge (149 km electrified) standard gauge: 2,745.1 km 1.435-m gauge (41.1 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 7,523.3 km 1.000-m gauge; 258 km 0.750-m gauge (2014)
| total 231,374 km
paved: 69,412 km (includes 734 km of expressways)
unpaved: 161,962 km (2004)
|11,000 km (2012)
|Merchant marine:
| total 36
by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 5, chemical tanker 6, container 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 4
foreign-owned: 14 (Brazil 1, Chile 6, Spain 3, Taiwan 2, UK 2)
registered in other countries: 15 (Liberia 1, Panama 5, Paraguay 5, Uruguay 1, unknown 3) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
| major seaport(s): Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Ushuaia
river port(s): Arroyo Seco, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin (Parana) container port(s) (TEUs): Buenos Aires (1,851,701) LNG terminal(s) (import): Bahia Blanca
|^Back to Top
|The Argentine military is a well-organized force constrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; the country has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the military is implementing a modernization plan aimed at making the ground forces lighter and more responsive (2008)
|Military branches:
|Argentine Army (Ejercito Argentino), Navy of the Argentine Republic (Armada Republica; includes naval aviation and naval infantry), Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina, FAA) (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18-24 years of age for voluntary military service (18-21 requires parental consent); no conscription; if the number of volunteers fails to meet the quota of recruits for a particular year, Congress can authorize the conscription of citizens turning 18 that year for a period not exceeding one year (2012)
|Military expenditures:
|0.91% of GDP (2012) 0.9% of GDP (2011) 0.91% of GDP (2010)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|Argentina continues to assert its claims to the UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia, and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims; uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; in 2010, the ICJ ruled in favor of Uruguay's operation of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which forms the border with Argentina; the two countries formed a joint pollution monitoring regime; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur); contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of the border with Bolivia
|Illicit drugs:
|a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe, heroin headed for the US, and ephedrine and pseudoephedrine headed for Mexico; some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; law enforcement corruption; a source for precursor chemicals; increasing domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers, especially cocaine base and synthetic drugs (2008)
|^Back to Top
« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview
Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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Blast Off Into Summer Reading! Join us this season for our summer reading activities, ranging from book discussions and films to outer space-themed crafts and projects for children and teens of all ages.
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Queens Public Library, along with the NYC Department of Education, will provide FREE lunches for kids and teens all summer long.
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We are extremely grateful to Mayor de Blasio, City Council Speaker Corey Johnson, and the entire City Council for investing $33 million in additional expense funding for the City's public libraries. This crucial support will allow us to continue providing essential services in the face of rising ...
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| Child Care / Preschools
Community Board
Community Organizations & Services
Fire Department
Local Hospitals
Local Newspapers
| Parks and Playgrounds
Police Department
Post Office
Private / Parochial Schools
Public Elementary Schools
Public High Schools
| Public Intermediate / Junior High Schools
Senior Centers
Elected Officials
Special Services
|Child Care / Preschools
Adventureland Preschool
41-31 58th St
Woodside NY , 11377-4755
phone: (718) 274-4769
Bright Beginnings
49-22 30th Ave
Woodside NY , 11377-7959
phone: (718) 777-6664
Kid Krazy
2125 21st Ave
Astoria NY , 11105-3228
phone: (718) 545-5728
Mi Nuevo Mundo
31-05 51st Street
Woodside NY , 11377
phone: (718) 626-7394
My New World
31-31 60th Street
Woodside NY , 11377
phone: (718) 932-4521
|Community Board
Queens Community Board 1
36-01 35th Avenue
Astoria NY , 11106
phone: (718) 786-3335
fax: (718) 786-3368
|Community Organizations & Services
Central Astoria Local Development Coalition
28-27 Steinway Street
Astoria NY , 11103
phone: (718)728-7820
Federation of Italian American Organizations of Queens
29-21 21st Avenue
Astoria NY , 11105
phone: (718) 204-2444
Greater Astoria Historical Society
35-20 Broadway 4th Floor
Astoria NY , 11106
phone: (718) 278-0700
LIC Business Development Corporation
29-10 Thomson Avenue, 9th Floor
Astoria NY , 11101
phone: (718) 786-5300
Queens Rainbow Community Center
30-74 Steinway Street, 2nd floor
Astoria NY , 11103
phone: (718) 429-2300
American Museum of the Moving Image
35 Avenue at 36 Street
Astoria NY , 11106
phone: (718) 784-0077
The Isamu Noguchi Garden Museum
32-37 Vernon Blvd
Astoria NY , 11106
phone: (718) 204-7088
22-25 Jackson Ave
Long Island City NY , 11101
phone: (718) 784-2084
Socrates Sculpture Park
Broadway and Vernon Blvd.
Long Island City NY , 11106
phone: (718) 956-1819
|Fire Department
Engine 263, Ladder 117
42-06 Astoria Blvd South
Astoria NY , 11107
|Local Hospitals
Mount Sinai Hospital of Queens
25-10 30th Avenue
Long Island City NY , 11102
phone: (718) 932-1000
Queens Surgical Community Center
46-04 31st Ave
Long Island City NY , 11103-1842
phone: (718) 545-5050
Steinway Family Health Center
25-92 Steinway Street
Astoria NY , 11103
phone: (718) 721-6100
|Parks and Playgrounds
Astoria Park Pool
19th Street and 23rd Drive
Astoria NY , 11105
phone: (718) 626-8620
Astoria Heights Recreational Park
30th Road between 45th and 46th Streets
Athens Square Park
30th Avenue and 30th Street
Astoria NY ,
Broadway Playground
38th Street between 31st Avenue and Broadway
|Police Department
114th Precinct
34-16 Astoria Blvd.
Queens NY , 11103
phone: (718) 626-9311
|Post Office
Steinway Post Office
43-04 Broadway
Astoria NY , 11103-9997
phone: (800) 275-8777
|Private / Parochial Schools
Corpus Christi
31-29 60th Street
Woodside NY , 11377
phone: (718) 721-2484
El-ber Islamic School
25-42 49th Street
Astoria NY , 11103
phone: (718) 274-9060
Evangelical Christian
31-29 Crescent Street
Long Island City NY , 11103
phone: (718) 937-9601
Most Precious Blood
32-52 37th Street
Long Island City NY , 11103
phone: (718) 721-9850
Queens Lutheran School
31-20 21st Avenue
Astoria NY , 11102
phone: (718) 721-4313
Saint Demetrios Greek American School|
30-03 30th Drive
Astoria NY , 11102
phone: (718) 728-1754
Saint. Joseph School
28-46 44 Street
Long Island City NY , 11103
phone: (718) 728-0724
|Public Elementary Schools
Our World Neighborhood Charter
36-12 35th Avenue
Astoria NY , 11106
phone: (718) 392-3405
30-45 42 Street
Long Island City NY , 11103
phone: (718) 728-4646
P.S. 151 Mary D. Carter
50-05 31 Avenue
Woodside NY , 11377
phone: (718) 728-2676
|Public High Schools
Academy of American Studies
28-01 41st Avenue
Long Island City NY , 11101
phone: (718) 361 – 8786
Baccalaureate School of Global Education
34-12 36th Avenue
Astoria NY , 11106
phone: (718) 361-5275
Aviation Career and Technical High School
45-30 36 Street
Long Island City NY , 11101
phone: (718) 361-2032
Long Island City High School
14-30 Broadway
Long Island City NY , 11106
phone: (718) 545-2980
William Cullen Bryant High School
48-10 31st Avenue
Long Island City NY , 11103
phone: (718) 721-5404
|Public Intermediate / Junior High Schools
Baccalaureate School of Global Education
34-12 36th Avenue
Astoria NY , 11106
phone: (718) 361-5275
I.S. 10 Horace Greeley School
45-31 31st Avenue
Long Island City NY , 11103
phone: (718) 278-7054
|Senior Centers
Senior Healthcare Center
27-15 30th Avenue
Astoria NY , 11102
phone: (718) 932-0007
Woodside Senior Center
50-37 Newtown Road, Building 19
Woodside NY , 11377
phone: (718) 932-6916
|Elected Officials
|NYC Council
Hon. Costa Constantinides
District Office 31-09 Newtown Avenue, Suite 209
Astoria NY, 11102
phone: (718) 274-4500
fax: (646) 661-4500
Manhattan Office 250 Broadway, Suite 1778
New York NY, 10007
phone: (212) 788-6963
|NYC Council
Hon. Jimmy Van Bramer
District Office Address 47-01 Queens Boulevard, Suite 205
Sunnyside NY, 11104
phone: (718) 383-9566
fax: (718) 383-9076
Manhattan Office Address 250 Broadway, Suite 1833
New York NY , 10007
phone: (212) 788-7370
fax: (212) 513-7195
|NYS Assembly
Hon. Brian Barnwell
District Office 55-19 69th Street
Maspeth NY, 11378
phone: (718) 651-3185
fax: (718) 651-3027
Albany Office LOB, Room 921
Albany NY, 12248
phone: (518) 455-4755
fax: (518) 455-5032
|NYS Assembly
Hon. Aravella Simotas
District Office 24-08 32nd Street, Suite 1002A
Astoria NY, 11102
phone: (718) 545-3889
fax: (718) 545-3607
Albany Office LOB, Room 652
Albany NY, 12248
phone: (518) 455-4292
fax: (518) 455-4723
|NYS Senate
Hon. Michael Gianaris
District Office 31-19 Newtown Avenue, Suite 402
Astoria NY , 11102
phone: (718) 728-0960
fax: (718) 728-0963
Albany Office Capitol Building, Room 427
Albany NY, 12247
phone: (518) 455-3486
fax: (518) 426-6929
|US Congress
Hon. Carolyn Maloney
District Office 1651 3rd Avenue, Ste 311
New York NY, 10128
phone: 212-860-0606
fax: 212-860-0704
Legislative Office 2308 Rayburn House Office Building
Washington DC, 20515
phone: (202) 225-7944
fax: (202) 225-4709
|Boro President
Hon. Melinda Katz
Hon. Bill de Blasio
Dutch settlers were the first inhabitants of the area that is now known as Long Island City. This area was the first part of Queens to be settled. The name Long Island City was created by Captain Levy Hayden in 1853. After selling a large number of shares from his Hunter's Point Marine Railway to the Beebe family of Ravenswood Captain Hayden named the area with the hope that one day all of the Hunter's Point, Astoria, and Ravenswood would be unified. The idea of a Long Island City came from these areas wanting their own self government. A public referendum was passed on February 16, 1869 by a vote of 299 for and 150 against. The city was charted as a merging of the villages of Astoria, Steinway, Ravenswood, and Hunter's Point. It borders the East River in the North and West and Newton Creek to the South.
The charter to establish Long Island City was signed on Wednesday May 4, 1870. Abraham D. Ditmars, of Astoria, was the city's first Mayor. Early problems for the new city were a lack in decent roads to travel upon. Due mainly to the financial resources and tenacity of James Thomson many of the major roads of Long Island City were completely paved by 1880. This included the complete drainage of Ravenswood swamp. Most of the inland territory of what is now Long Island City was made up mostly of marshland. The city was prosperous due to thriving community industries in oil and glass. The city quickly gained the reputation of being a commercial and industrial district. One of the most prominent families were the Steinways. The German family, headed by Patrick Henry Steinway, were responsible for many upgrades to the Long Island City community and industry. They created streetcar lines, a piano factory, and a successful amusement park called North Beach which operated from 1886 to 1920. This park was located on the spot that is now known as La Guardia Airport. Riker's Island once belonged to Long Island City until it was purchased by New York City in September 1884 for the price of $2,500.
Long Island City operated as its own separate entity outside of greater New York City. Mayor Henry S. Debevoise was arrested on a warrant by the citizens for fraud and his ineffectiveness as mayor during a tense battle with gamblers that had invaded the city in the early 1880's. Patrick Jerome Gleason won the mayoral election of 1886 and became just as notorious as Henry Debevoise. Mayor Gleason appointed himself chief officer of the Police board, Fire Department, and Board of Education while appropriating funds of over $245,000 for a school that was not completed until he was removed from office. Gleason's acts of corruption gave the once highly touted community a reputation of political crime that was looked at badly by the rest of the country. These acts of corruption led to the Consolidation Act for a Greater New York which led to Long Island City becoming a part of greater New York in 1898.
The creation of the Queensboro Bridge in 1909 opened the isolated suburb to commuters who now had quick access into and out of Manhattan. The opening of the Penn Tubes in 1910 opened Long Island to travel from the Southern section of the city. People now had accessibility to other parts of New York and the once strong economic clout of Long Island City was slowly taken away by Manhattan. Over time many immigrants from various European countries such as Italy and Iceland came to settle in Long Island City. By far the biggest ethnic group is from Greece as Long Island City boasts the largest number of Greek people outside from the country of Greece.
Today Long Island City stands as one of the most industrialized melting pots of New York City and the United States.
In 1893 a movement to establish a Free Public Library began in the Long Island City community. The first Broadway Branch was opened in 1906 on 9th Avenue. It was the sixth library unit built for the Queens Public Library system. Circulation for the first year was 36,000. Circulation grew steadily leading to several changes in location.
Children's services in particular lead to two major moves. The first move led to a Children's facility created in 1930 on Steinway Street. Children's programs became so popular that they had to be discontinued due to lack of space. The need for more room led to the opening of the library's current location on April 25, 1958. The three story building is 15,800 in square feet and is located at 40-20 Broadway in Long Island City.
Seyfried, Vincent F. , 300 Years of Long Island City 1630-1930, Queens Historical Society Publication 1984


text:
You would think that a vaccine that could prevent cancer would be an easy sell, but that's hasn't proven to be true so far with the vaccine to prevent cervical cancer.
Just 33 percent of girls and less than 7 percent of boys in the U.S. have gotten all three recommended doses of the vaccine to protect against the human papillomavirus, which causes cervical and other cancers. Compare that to the tiny African nation of Rwanda, where more than 90 percent of sixth-grade girls were vaccinated in 2011, or Australia, where 73 percent of 12- and 13-year-old girls have gotten all three vaccines.
"This is a vaccine that protects against cancer; what could be better than that?" asks Shannon Stokley, an epidemiologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. She and other public health officials are trying to figure out the best ways to persuade American teenagers and preteens to get the HPV vaccine.
The argument for it is simple: HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Most HPV viruses are harmless. But a few types can cause cervical, anal and penile cancer, as well as genital warts.
"We don't know who is going to develop cancer or who will clear infection," Stokley says, "which is why it's so critical to protect adolescents with the vaccine long before they're ever exposed to the virus."
The federal government recommends that the first of three HPV vaccine doses be given to children when they turn 11 or 12. A second dose is given about one month later, with a third and final dose within six months. HPV vaccine has been recommended for routine vaccination for girls since 2006 and for boys since 2011.
A recent CDC study found HPV prevalence was reduced by 56 percent among teenage girls between the ages of 14 and 19 who were vaccinated, suggesting the vaccine is highly protective. But as many as two thirds of 11- and 12-year-old girls don't get the HPV vaccine when they are at the doctor getting other vaccines.
About one quarter of parents say they don't plan on getting their daughters vaccinated in the next year, according to a survey published in July 2013 by the CDC. The most common reasons parents gave were thinking that the vaccine wasn't necessary (19.1 percent); the doctor didn't recommend it (14.2 percent); and safety concerns (13.1 percent).
Studies to date have shown no significant safety problems.
Then there are logistical issues. In countries like Australia and Rwanda with high rates of coverage, children are vaccinated at school. In the U.S., parents have to take children to a doctor or clinic three times to get all three shots.
Younger kids routinely go to a doctor for well child visits, but teenagers typically don't see a doctor regularly. And Stokley says "doctors may feel uncomfortable" talking about a vaccine that protects against sexually transmitted disease with teens or with parents of kids as young as 11.
The fact that one-fifth of parents think the vaccine isn't necessary shows that doctors have to be more vigilant in recommending the HPV vaccine, says Dr. Jeffrey Duchin. He is chief of the Communicable Disease Epidemiology & Immunization Section at the Seattle & King County Department of Public Health. "Our research showed that parents did not have a lot of knowledge about how widespread HPV was, how readily it was transmitted, how easy it is to acquire and also about the severity of illness it can cause," he says.
People often mistakenly think the vaccine is targeted at teens who are sexually active, which Duchin says is simply not true. "Once you become sexually active, you can acquire HPV infection quite readily. The entire strategy is based on protecting kids before they get infected, just like it is with all our other vaccine preventable diseases."
Earlier in February, the President's Cancer Panel said that more need to be done to get the public educated about HPV and cancer. The panel also called for more efforts by health care providers to recommend and give vaccines, and to make sure the vaccines are available where teenagers get their health care.
Convenience is key, Duchin says. And that may include offering the HPV vaccine in school-based health clinics, or at pharmacies, similar to the flu vaccine.
From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Robert Siegel.
And I'm Audie Cornish.
A recent federal report finds that not nearly enough children are being vaccinated against the human papillomavirus, or HPV. The virus causes some STDs and a number of genital cancers.
As NPR's Patti Neighmond reports, there are several reasons why children may not be getting the safe and highly effective vaccine.
PATTI NEIGHMOND, BYLINE: HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Nearly all sexually active men and women will get at least one type of the virus at some point in their lives. There are more than 40 different types of HPV; a few cause serious problems like genital warts and certain cancers, including cervical, anal and penile cancer. Most people never know they're infected, and it usually goes away by itself without causing health problems.
Shannon Stokely is an epidemiologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
SHANNON STOKELY: The thing is, we don't know who is going to develop cancer. We don't know who will clear the infection. And that's why it's critical that we vaccinate our adolescents with this vaccine so that they're protected long before they're ever exposed to this virus.
NEIGHMOND: It's recommended the first of three doses is given to children when they're 11 or 12, a second dose about a month later, and a third within six months.
STOKELY: This vaccine has high efficacy. We know it protects against four types of HPV. Two of the types cause about 70 percent of the cervical cancer in this country. And then the other two types cause about 90 percent of the genital warts.
NEIGHMOND: In fact, a recent study found HPV prevalence was reduced by more than half among teenage girls who were vaccinated. Even so, federal officials say only one-third of girls, and not even 10 percent of boys, have been vaccinated.
STOKELY: This is a vaccine that protects against cancer. What could be better than that?
NEIGHMOND: Stokely says it's not clear why the majority of teens haven't gotten vaccinated. Some parents say they're reluctant until more is known about the long-term safety of the vaccine. Studies to date have shown no significant problems. Then there's the issue of time. Younger kids have regular well-child visits. But typically, teenagers don't see a doctor regularly. And when they do, Stokely says, doctors may feel uncomfortable talking about a vaccine that protects against sexually transmitted disease, with parents of kids as young as 11.
STOKELY: They may feel that it needs this long conversation to talk about sex with the parents, and they may not be comfortable with that.
NEIGHMOND: In Seattle, Washington, Dr. Jeff Duchin is an infectious disease specialist who oversees the immunization program for the public health department. He says physicians need to be more vigilant in recommending the HPV vaccine.
JEFF DUCHIN: Our research locally showed that parents did not have a lot of knowledge about how widespread HPV was, how readily it's transmitted, how common it is, how easy it is to acquire, and also about the severity of illness that it can cause.
NEIGHMOND: And Duchin says people often mistakenly think the vaccine is for kids who are sexually active.
DUCHIN: Because once you become sexually active, you acquire HPV infection quite readily. And the entire strategy is based on protecting kids before they get infected, just like it is with all our other vaccine-preventable diseases.
NEIGHMOND: In Washington and other states, health officials like Duchin are working to figure out how to get the vaccine - all three doses of it - to kids as conveniently as possible. One option may be school-based health clinics or pharmacies, similar to the flu vaccine.
Patti Neighmond, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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I think I have a new repeating meme. Its called, #ThingsIFind looking up other things. I guess being a court jester, I like to laugh. So this magazine/newspaper article tickled my fancy. It is from a magazine named, Przekroj in 1956. I am taking its name to mean "Cross-Section" (please can a native Pole or someone else fluent in Polish correct me). I did not think this magazine would answer my research question, but I could not resist the cover's picture of Polish Bison. Now Stanczyk has always had a penchant for fiction and who doesn't cut their teeth on science fiction, so when I saw "Stanislaw Lem", I knew him from when I used to buy Sci-Fi books. What intrigued me was the little illustration to his article. Such whimsy!
Here's the link in case you are interested: http://mbc.malopolska.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=59127&dirids=1


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Malloy panel to tackle school shooting issues
Hartford — Unwilling to wait for federal action, Gov. Dannel P. Malloy announced Thursday the formation of the Sandy Hook Advisory Commission, a panel that will review state gun policy and make recommendations on school safety, mental health and gun violence prevention.
"The commission will look for ways to make sure our gun laws are as tight as they need to be, that our mental health system can reach those who are in need of our help and that our law enforcement agency has the tools that they need to protect public safety, in particular in our schools," Malloy said.
Mayor Scott Jackson of Hamden will lead the commission. He served on the Two Storm Panel that evaluated the state's approach to natural disaster prevention and impact mitigation.
"This is a massive project with short timelines," Jackson said.
School security, including capital expenditure and human resources, has to be examined along with mental health issues and social isolation, Jackson said. On top of that, the panel must address guns and ammunition, he said.
The commission's initial report will be due March 15, in time for consideration during the regular session of the General Assembly, Malloy said.
"I look forward to working with the legislature on this issue," he said. "I have had many conversations with members of both parties. I know there is much we already agree on, and we will work together to make our state a model for the rest of the nation."
Experts in law enforcement, mental health, school safety, public safety and education have been asked to join and are expected to respond in the coming days.
But, Malloy said, Connecticut can not address these issues alone.
"We need Washington to get its act together so that they can put together a reasonable national gun policy that protects the citizens of our state and of our nation," Malloy said. "I am thankful, therefore, that President Obama has gotten this conversation started, and I am committed to doing all that I can to allow this conversation to proceed."
Malloy said he was opposed in 2004 to letting the federal assault weapons ban expire. He said he would support a state ban on magazine clips with a more than 10-round capacity.
"You don't need a 30-round clip to go hunting. You don't need a 30-round clip to honor the Constitution of the United States," Malloy said. "And I think it is time that we have a realistic discussion about the weapons that are used time and time again in these mass casualty situations. I mean it would be stupid not to have that conversation."
Malloy did not pinpoint other gun control measures that he would support, but he said he would like to examine guns that are easily taken from "one-shot capacity to 30-shot capacity," how guns are defined and which guns are registered.
He said, however, that he would be respectful of people using weapons for hunting or other legal uses.
"I think it is clear that we have to be respectful of our constitution in Connecticut and nationally," he said.
From a school security standpoint, Malloy said he hoped there would not be a need for a "guard" outside of every school, but that he would have to see what the commission recommended. There might be a need to "harden" school infrastructure, he said.
Access to mental health and the stigma attached to seeking mental health services also have to be examined, Malloy said.
"All too often we think of treatment for mental issues very differently than we think of a broken arm or a broken leg," he said.
The state has made huge gains since opening the first mental health institution in Hartford, but there is more to be done, he said.
"I think it is an opportunity for Connecticut to lead the way, as it has since the very first founding of a mental institution in the entire continental United States," Malloy said. "That could be some good that comes out of this horrific incident."
Malloy said he knows many people who have the financial resources but cannot move beyond the mental health stigma to get help.
"We have to address it," he said.
Stories that may interest you
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Boston police: 1 dead, 3 injured in shootings
A man has died and three others have been injured in a rash of shootings in Boston
Providence temporarily shuts down club after 3 men stabbed
City officials in Providence have shut down a nightclub after three men were stabbed
MIT apologizes for taking $800,000 from Epstein
The president of MIT says the university took about $800,000 from Jeffrey Epstein over 20 years and is apologizing
Norwich superintendent: South Kingstown report 'retaliation' for leaving
Democratic candidate drops out of East Lyme first selectman race
Mystic residents with sump pumps connected to sewer line could face fines
Woman to woman: Female Trump backers try to sell his message
East Lyme traffic concerns allayed after 'all-hands-on-deck' meeting


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Minecraft creator Markus "Notch" Persson has offered to fund development of Psychonauts 2. In response to an interview on Digital Spy where Double Fine's Tim Schafer explains that though he receives daily requests from gamers for a sequel, such a project has been turned down after repeated pitches for publishers, Notch tweeted a question about funding and followed with: "@TimOfLegend Let's make Psychonauts 2 happen." He also tweets to RPS that he saw this through their tweet, and that he's "serious," though his most recent comment notes this ball is still in Tim's court: "Let's wait for Tim to respond. ;) It's his baby." As of this writing, Minecraft has sold nearly 4.9 million copies, putting Notch in the position to make such an overture. Thanks Morris.
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Lighting can dramatically vary from one room to the next. Begin by setting the tone with light fixtures that require installation and then continue to build with lamps and other types of hardware. At Sam's Club you can find a variety of styles to match modern, classic, traditional, and many other genres.
Bathroom lighting fixtures should complement the sink area and other details found within the room. In minutes you can discover a series of bathroom lighting sconces and bars that provide the perfect amount of illumination during the morning, noon, or night. In bronze or brushed nickel you are sure to find a set to add during your remodel.
Chandeliers and pendant fixtures are ideal for kitchens, dining rooms, and living rooms. From 3-light chandeliers in bronze hues to 5-light chandeliers and 1-light metal pendants, you can find a suitable fit for almost every room in the house. Brushed nickel chandeliers and bronze finished items are always available for your interior lighting needs.
Lamps are versatile lighting fixtures that can be manipulated to add depth to your home or office. Sam's Club offers a unique variety of floor lamps, table lamps, and sets in contemporary, tropical, or modern styles to name a few options. Accent lamps can also be purchased for a quick burst of light on a nightstand or desk.
Find all your lighting needs and more at Sam's Club today.


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Namaste was inspired by a journey through India in 1995 on reconditioned ex-Indian Army Enfield Bullet motorbikes. In search of some adventure, founder Sam Brummitt, his sister and her partner flew off to Kathmandu with a round the world ticket. After an inspirational trek to Mount Everest base camp in the wake of the worst storms for a generation, they travelled overland to India for a quick visit that turned into a six month adventure.
Sleeping under the stars most nights by the side of the road they quickly developed a passion for this most amazing sub-continent and especially the warm, friendly and hospitable people they met. One day in Rajasthan, they got into conversation with the owner of a small textile business who suggested they went back home to England and started a business. Today Ganpat is a life long friend and is still one of Namaste's key suppliers.
Lives were changed by this chance encounter and a business was started which was named Namaste after the greeting which was so often extended to them. Some say it simply means "Hello," but a better translation, perhaps, is "I greet the spirit within you."
At the core of Namaste are their suppliers with whom they work very closely. Their criteria for passing them as fair trade producers and hence suitable business partners are based on international fair trade guidelines.
Their philosophy is simple; fantastic, ethically sourced and yet commercial products to maximise sales and therefore maximise benefits to both our suppliers and customers.


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Haryana (India ) cemetery details
The churchyard or other cemetery sites within Haryana listed below (with links) are ones that have been indexed.The ones in red (without links) are pending and will be added once they have been photographed and indexed.
To see details of a particular church, cemetery or war memorial, click its name link. To see details of all the churches, cemeteries and war memorials in a particular location (city / town / village), click on the location name.
Cemetery, churchyard and war memorial names that are listed in RED are ones which volunteers are currently photographing and indexing and are therefore not yet available.


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- Location: Knoxville, TN
- Stock #: KS5791
- Status: Sold
- Condition: New
- Class: Travel Trailer
- Length: 20 ft
- Location: Knoxville, TN
- Stock #: KS5791
- Status: Sold
- Condition: New
- Class: Travel Trailer
- Length: 20 ft
Whether you need mattresses or sheets, we have what you need to slumber in comfort and style.Learn more
Check out the array of products we offer to make hitching and towing safer and easier.Learn more
From appliances and tables to pans and gadgets, you'll find a variety of handy products for your galley.Learn More
Discover all of the items we have to help make your outdoor experiences even better.Learn More
†Lazydays strives to ensure the accuracy of the information provided on this website. However, actual products, programs and services may differ materially from those on this site. Lazydays is not responsible for errors made in stated pricing. Specifications and availability subject to change without notice. Sale price includes all manufacturer discounts and rebates. All prices listed on this site exclude tax, tags and title. Prices for inventory located in Arizona and Florida do not include Document/Dealer Fee of $699 for motorized units or $349 for towables. Prices for inventory located in Colorado include $450 Delivery and Handling Fee. Prices for inventory located in Minnesota does not include Document Fee of $100 for motorized and towable units. Prices for inventory located in Tennessee does not include Document Fee of $299 for motorized and towable units. Contact Lazydays for complete details.
**Lazydays believes the specifications on this site supplied by the manufacturer to be correct at the time posted. However, specifications, standard equipment, model availability, options, fabrics, and colors are subject to change without notice. Some equipment may be unavailable when a vehicle is built. Some vehicles are pictured with options, which may be available at extra cost or may not be available on some models. You should verify the equipment that is on all vehicles.
We'll beat any price: Lazydays will offer a lower price on a new RV in response to a bona fide competitive offer, authenticated by proof of the offer in a current RV dealer advertisement. Competitive offers obtained via email or texting, which do not involve an ad are excluded. Vehicle comparisons must be in stock and identical year, make, model and equipment. Advertisement must be currently effective. All applicable manufacturer's prices and incentives must continue to be effective at the time of purchase. This offer is restricted to RV dealers. Customer is responsible for all taxes and fees. Offer may be terminated at any time. Excludes previous purchases; trade-in values; used RVs; misprinted or clearly erroneous ad prices; and clearance, closeout or "going out of business" prices.
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Foto Friday Trick Or Treat, sponsored by KONG TREATS, was a total blast! We had more than 200 costumed dogs all vying for their share of more than $250.00 in premium treats from KONG TREATS! In the end, 9 winners were chosen, who each will receive $25.00 in KONG TREATS!
Click any image to open the gallery and comment on the images.


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Difference between revisions of "Juvenile Historical Fiction"
From Wiki
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*[http://aries.jmrl.org/search/t?escape+by+night:+a+civil+war+adventure'''Escape by Night: A Civil War Adventure'''] by Laurie Myers
*[http://aries.jmrl.org/search/t?escape+by+night:+a+civil+war+adventure'''Escape by Night: A Civil War Adventure'''] by Laurie Myers
==American 19th Century Historical Fiction==
==American 19th Century Historical Fiction==
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*[http://aries.jmrl.org/search/t?the+thieves+of+ostia'''The Thieves of Ostia'''] by Caroline Lawrence (Rome, 79 AD)
*[http://aries.jmrl.org/search/t?the+thieves+of+ostia'''The Thieves of Ostia'''] by Caroline Lawrence (Rome, 79 AD)
==Asian Historical Fiction==
==Asian Historical Fiction==
*[http://aries.jmrl.org/search/X?bound+napoli'''Bound'''] by Donna Jo Napoli (China, 14th century)
*[http://aries.jmrl.org/search/X?bound+napoli'''Bound'''] by Donna Jo Napoli (China, 14th century)
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*[http://aries.jmrl.org/search/t?single+shard'''A Single Shard'''] by Linda Sue Park (Korea, 12th century)
*[http://aries.jmrl.org/search/t?single+shard'''A Single Shard'''] by Linda Sue Park (Korea, 12th century)
==Canadian Historical Fiction==
==Canadian Historical Fiction==
Latest revision as of 19:59, 3 October 2018
Article in Juvenile Fiction and Historical categories.
- 1 African Historical Fiction
- 2 American Colonial Fiction
- 3 American Civil War Fiction
- 4 American 19th Century Historical Fiction
- 5 American Early 20th Century Fiction
- 6 American Mid-Late 20th Century Historical Fiction
- 7 The American West Historical Fiction
- 8 Ancient Civilizations Fiction
- 9 Asian Historical Fiction
- 10 Canadian Historical Fiction
- 11 European Historical Fiction
- 12 Holocaust Fiction
- 13 World War I Fiction
- 14 World War II Fiction
African Historical Fiction
- The Storyteller's Beads by Jane Kurtz (Ethiopia, 1980's)
American Colonial Fiction
- Blood on the River: James Town 1607 by Elisa Carbone
- Ben and Me by Robert Lawson (About Benjamin Franklin during the 1700's)
- The Fighting Ground by Avi (Revolutionary War)
- Jump Ship to Freedom by Jump Ship to Freedom
- House of Tailors by Patricia Reilly Giff (German emigration) (Brooklyn 1871)
- A Pickpocket's Tale by Karen Schwabach (1731)
- Sign of the Beaver by Elizabeth George Speare (1687)
- Virginia Bound by Amy Butler (1627)
- The Witch of Blackbird Pond by Elizabeth George Speare (1687)
American Civil War Fiction
- The Mostly True Adventure of Homer P. Figg by Rodman Philbrick
- Escape by Night: A Civil War Adventure by Laurie Myers
- Calico Girl by Jerdine Nolan
American 19th Century Historical Fiction
- The Birchbark House by Louise Erdich (Ojibwa Indian Tribe, 1847)
- Boston Jane: An Adventure by Jennifer L. Holm (1854)
- Caddie Woodlawn by Carol Ryrie Brink (Wisconsin Frontier) (Mid 19th-century)
- The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate by Jacqueline Kelly
- House of Tailors by Patricia Reilly Giff (German emigration) (Brooklyn 1871)
- Journey to Nowhere by Mary Jane Auch (western New York) (Pioneer Life, 1815)
- Peppermints in the Parlor by Barbara Brooks Wallace
- The Seer of Shadows by Avi (New York City, 1879)
- The 21 Balloons by William Pene Du Bois (1883)
American Early 20th Century Fiction
- Bud, Not Buddy by Christopher Paul Curtis (Flint, Michigan) (Great Depression 1929)
- A Drowned Maiden's Hair by Laura Amy Schlitz (New England 1909)
- A Long Way From Chicago by Richard Peck
- Every August Joey and Mary Alice visited their Grandma Dowdel in an Illinois town so small people stopped to watch the train pass through. Each story in this book takes place in a different year, beginning the summer of 1929 when Joey was nine and Mary Alice was seven. Grandma is the most colorful character in the book, full of gumption and ahead of her time. At first Joey and Mary Alice are quietly shocked by her behavior, but as they grow older, they get in on the fun.
- Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse (Oklahoma, 1929)
- Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry by Mildred B Taylor (Southern United States, 1930s)
- Sounder by William H. Armstrong (African Americans) (Sharecropping) Warning: tearjerker!
- Star in the Storm by Jean Hiatt Harlow (New Foundland, Canada 1912)
- Strawberry Girl by Lois Lenski
- Florida in the early 1900's was very different from today. Ten-year-old Birdie Boyer has just moved with her family to an old farm. They plan to grow strawberries to make a living. The Slater family on the neighboring farm disagrees with the way the Boyers do things, and they cause some trouble for Birdie's family. Kids at school call the Boyer girls "uppity," and hogs and bad weather threaten to ruin the strawberry crop. The Boyers celebrate some good times too, such as a trip to town or making candy from sugar cane. This story is written in "Cracker" dialect, as Birdie and her family call themselves. It offers a glimpse into the challenging life of Florida farmers long before the resorts and amusement parks were built.
- Tennyson by Lesley M.M. Blume (New Orleans, LA) (Great Depression)
- Who Was That Masked Man, Anyway? by Avi (United States, Early 1940)
- A Year Down Yonder by Richard Peck
- Leaving Gee's Bend by Irene Latham
- Ludelphia Bennett's home in Gee's Bend, Alabama in 1932 is the only place she's ever known. Ludelphia's family are sharecroppers, but because she is blind in one eye, Ludelphia is learning quieter pursuits such as quilting and caring for the few animals the family owns. Quilting brings her a sense of comfort, even as her mother is growing ill and about to deliver a baby. When her mother's sickness becomes more than anyone in her community can care for, Ludelphia leaves Gee's Bend on her own to find a doctor in a nearby town. Before she knows it, Ludelphia is not just trying to help her mother, but the whole town of Gee's Bend.
American Mid-Late 20th Century Historical Fiction
- The Liberation of Gabriel King by K.L.Going (race relations) (Georgia) (1976)
- Night of the Howling Dogs by Graham Salisbury (Hawaii) (1975) Thrilling page-turner based on a true event - a boy scout troop that endures a major earthquake while camping in Hawaii.
- One Crazy Summer by Rita Williams-Garcia (African Americans) (California) (Black Panther Party & Civil Rights Movement, 1968)
- Penny from Heaven by Jennifer L. Holm (Italian Americans) (New Jersey, 1953)
- Violet Raines Almost Got Struck by Lightning by Danette Haworth (Florida, 1970's)
- When Zachary Beaver Came to Town by Kimberly Willis Holt (Texas, 1971)
The American West Historical Fiction
- Bandit's Moon by Sid Fleischman (mid-1800s)
- Earthquake at Dawn by Kristiana Gregory (San Fransisco, 1906)
- Into The Firestorm by Deborah Hopkinson
- After eleven-year-old Nicholas (Nick) Dray's grandmother (Gran) dies, Nick leaves behind the cotton field in Texas and heads to San Francisco. When he arrives, San Francisco is even more amazing than he'd imagined. There's just one problem: he has no food or shelter and no one will give him a job. Just when things begin to get better, there's a terrible earthquake and what's left of San Francisco begins to burn rapidly. What will happen to Nick? To find out you'll have to read the book yourself!
Ancient Civilizations Fiction
- Casting the Gods Adrift: A Tale of Ancient Egypt by Geraldine McCaughrean (Egypt, 14th century BCE)
- The Golden Bull by Marjorie Cowlie (Mesopotamia [Iraq], 2600 BCE
- The Thieves of Ostia by Caroline Lawrence (Rome, 79 AD)
Asian Historical Fiction
- The Night Diary by Veera Hiranandani (India, 1947)
- Bound by Donna Jo Napoli (China, 14th century)
- This retelling of the Cinderella story follows Xing Xing as she, her stepmother and half sister try to get by after the death of her father. The custom of foot binding in order to attract a husband figures into this realistic version of the fairy tale.
- Master Puppeteer by Katherine Paterson (Japan, 17th century)
- A Single Shard by Linda Sue Park (Korea, 12th century)
Canadian Historical Fiction
- Anne of Green Gables by L.M. Montgomery (Prince Edward Island, 1867-1914)
- Belonging Place by Jean Little (1848)
- Elijah of Buxton by Christopher Paul Curtis (Buxton, Canada, 1859)
- Star in the Storm by Joan Hiatt Harlow (New Foundland, 1912)
- Willa's New World by Barbara Demers (1795)
- The Winter People by Joseph Bruchac (Abenaki Indians - French and Indian War, 1759)
European Historical Fiction
- Angel on the Square by Gloria Whelan (St. Petersburg, Russia 1913)
- Beethoven Lives Upstairs by Barbara Nichol (1770-1827)
- Black Jack by Leon Garfield (London, 18th century)
- The Case of the Missing Marquess: An Enola Holmes Mystery by Nancy Springer (London, 19th century): This is the first in a series about Enola, the young sister of famous detective Sherlock Holmes. It's a fun read - full of adventure and humor in addition to the mystery.
- Crispin: The Cross of Lead by Avi (England, 14th century)
- The House of the Windjammer by V.A. Richardson (Amsterdam, 1636)
- I Am the Great Horse by Katherine Roberts
- Young Alexander's father goes to goes to buy new horses for his calvary. Alexander goes with King Phillip and sees a horse no one seems able to tame. But Alexander can ride him! He convinces his father to buy it for him, but he is sent away to school and returns four years later at the age of sixteen. Alexander has not forgotten Bucephalas, though. Ride into battle with Alexander the Great and his faithful horse, Bucephalas, as they conquer Europe, Asia, and Egypt!
- The Lacemaker and the Princess by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley (French Revolution, 1788)
- Letters from Rifka by Karen Hesse (Russia, 1919)
- Matilda Bone by Karen Cushman (Medieval England)
- A Murder for Her Majesty by Beth Hilgartner (England, 16th century)
- Nory Ryan's Song by Patricia Reilly Giff (Ireland, 1845)
- A Proud Taste for Scarlet and Miniver by E L Konigsburg (Eleanor of Aquitaine 1204, England)
- The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett
- Mary Lennox is a sour child. She was raised in India with no friends, and an Ayah to wait on her. When cholera claims the rest of her household, Mary is sent to live in Yorkshire, England with an uncle she's never met. Mysterious Archibald Craven is often away, so Mary is left in the care of Mrs. Medlock the housekeeper, and Martha, a maid. At night Mary is haunted by cries inside the manor. She spends her days outdoors exploring the estate. She discovers a walled garden that has been locked tight for ten years. Intrigued by the stories she learns from Martha and her brother Dickon, Mary sets out to find the key and restore the garden. Mary's own stubbornness and determination help her revive all that was once abandoned at Misselthwaite Manor.
- The Secret of the Ruby Ring by Yvonne McGrory (Ireland, 1885)
- The Shakespeare Stealer by Gary Blackwood (England, 1558-1603)
- The Star of Kazan by Eva Ibbotson (Vienna, Late 19th Century)
- Victory by Susan Cooper (British Royal Navy, 1803)
- The Wild Children by Felice Holman (Set in the days following the Bolshevik Revolution)
- The Wreckers by Iain Lawrence (England, 1799)
Holocaust Fiction
- Ashes by Kathryn Lasky (Berlin, Germany, 1932)
- The Boy Who Dared by Susan Campbell Bartoletti (Germany, 1942, anti-Nazi movement)
- The Devil's Arithmetic by Jane Yolen
- Thirteen year old Hannah is annoyed that she has to attend her family's Passover Seder. Her relatives always talk about the same old things, often in Yiddush, which she doesn't understand. To them, remembering the past is important. When Hannah opens the door for the prophet Elijah, she is transported into a village in Poland in the 1940's. People there call her Chaya, and believe she is a cousin from another village. The longer Hannah stays there, the more she becomes Chaya, forgetting her life in New Rochelle, New York. As Chaya and her family are on their way to a wedding, they are seized by Nazi soldiers and sent to a concentration camp. Rumors spread throughout the camp about what's really going on and what will happen to them. From somewhere deep in her memory, Chaya knows the truth. The experience of the concentration camp changes Hannah/Chaya forever.
- Hitler's Canary by Sandi Toksvig (Denmark, World War II)
- Jacob's Rescue: A Holocaust Story by Malka Drucker and Michael Halperin (Poland)
- The Key is Lost by Ida Vos (Holland)
- Number the Stars by Lois Lowry (Denmark, 1943)
- Things are changing in Annemarie's world. It is 1943 and the Germans have occupied Denmark. Now :Annamarie must learn what it means to be brave as she helps shelter her closest friend from the Nazi's. Will she have the courage to do what is needed?
World War I Fiction
- After the Dancing Days by Margaret I. Rostkowski (United States)
- The Doll Shop Downstairs by Yona Zeldis McDonough (New York City)
- Goodbye Billy Radish by Gloria Skurzynski (Pennsylvania Steel Mills, 1917)
- The Silver Donkey by Sonya Hartnett (France)
- War Horse by Michael Morpugo (England, France, Germany)
World War II Fiction
- The Boy Who Dared by Susan Campbell Bartoletti (Germany, Anti-Nazi Movement, 1942)
- Jimmy's Stars by Mary Ann Rodman (Pittsburgh, Pa, 1943)
- Mister Orange by Truus Matti (New York, NY & France, 1943)
- Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes by Eleanor Coerr (Hiroshima, Japan 1945)
- Soldier Bear by Bibi Dumon Tak (Poland, Italy, Iran, 1942)
- The Spy Who Came In from the Sea by Peggy Nolan (Florida, United States)
- Stepping on the Cracks by Mary Downing Hahn (United States, 1944)
- Summer of My German Soldier by Bette Greene (Takes place in Arkansas)
- Willow Run by Patricia Reilly Giff (Michigan, United States)


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Nomad Foods raises profit guidance after ''strong'' start to year
Nomad Foods is raising its annual profit guidance after the UK-based frozen food manufacturer reported a ''strong'' start to the year.
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Malicious destruction
Sault Police are investigating a Thursday night incident where various lawn ornaments were damaged by a vehicle in the 1600 block of Marquette.
Evidence suggests that the vehicle was eastbound when the driver decided to cross the westbound lane of traffic, left the roadway and ran down a ceramic angel, three decorative candy canes and a wooden bench, before departing from the scene.
There are no suspects in this matter.


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