text:
New York Giants Youth #95 B.J. Hill Limited Camo Rush Realtree Football Jersey
When the dawn of the first ray of dawn slightly to the earth, the number of
young people in the dark because of its appearance, and the radiation out of the
dazzling light of life.
The glow of summer gave a youth a great literary charm. Once, Turgenev inadvertently saw a wonderful article, and after he inquired, this is just a nameless junior, there is no good works. However, Turgenev never give up, found the author's aunt, said to her: "Your nephew is a genius, I believe he will be able to create some brilliant in the literary world, he must continue Creation. "The young man, did not expect their own abjection, the letter of graffiti actually helplessly received a great writer's appreciation. Since then, he embarked on the creation of the road, he later was world-renowned Leo Tolstoy. ??
Appreciate the hearts of glow, there are bright sunshine. Without the appreciation of Turgenev and the beauty of the adult, the world is less a famous thinker, less some meaningful books, less a lot of loyal readers. Taiwan writer Lin Qingxuan also has such experience. Once, when he lamented the human world, readily wrote: "thieves, their thinking is so cautious, hands and feet are so flexible, like this person, do anything in the world, can make a career, Why is it necessary to take the road of no return? "It is this sentence, inspired a young thief confused mind, a change in the past abuse, and now became the owner of several chain stores in Taiwan, business booming and prosperous. When he talked about the beginning of business experience, excited to say: "I am all, are Mr. Lin gave me."
Bacon said: "Appreciate the hearts of glow, dew and perennial blooming flowers; indifferent to ice knot heart city, sea water depletion, Cong Hill desolate." Appreciation is a gift, a fragrance, a communication and understanding, a Kind of trust and blessing ... ...?
People eager for the sun at the same time has given many people the color and vitality of life, the appreciation of the hearts of glow, sunshine presented glow of vitality. Let us in the sun, accompanied by the creation of a blue sky of their own, played the strongest voice of life.


text:
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The other day I received some very disturbing news from PennEnvironment concerning Senate Bill 411 sponsored by state Sen. Richard A. Kasunic of Fayette County. The bill is meant to motivate gas drillers to use highly contaminated water from abandoned coal mines in the fracking process.
That sounds like a good idea, right? Wrong. This Senate bill has a backdoor proposal to amend the Environmental Good Samaritan Act's liability protections, which means that the oil and gas industry would be exempt from accidents or spills that can damage property and destroy lives.
Meanwhile, the bill is so vague that it is unclear if fracking companies will even be held accountable under our existing laws if they choose to violate them.
This bill is unconstitutional, according to the Pennsylvania Constitution's Article 1, Section 27, Natural Resources and the Public Estate:
"The people have a right to clean air, pure water, and to the preservation of the natural, scenic, historic and esthetic values of the environment. Pennsylvania's public natural resources are the common property of all the people, including generations yet to come. As trustee of these resources, the Commonwealth shall conserve and maintain them for the benefit of all the people."
Kasunic's Senate Bill 411 would take away our rights and hand them over to the big oil and gas industry.
This so-called Senate bill allows for the destruction and the devaluation of our property and has the real potential to destroy our water, air and the environment.
A public hearing should have been held before any such bill was even considered.
I urge all Pennsylvanians to contact Kasunic today at 717-787-7175 or 724-626-1611, or fax him at 717-787-0195. He should be told to retract this bill in its current form.
Senate Bill 411 is a bad bill and a bad deal for all of Pennsylvania for generations to come.


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Australian Visa Bureau
Australia Jobs
Category Media
» Camera Operator (Film, Television Or Video)
Camera Operator (Film, Television Or Video) job Australia - If your profession is Camera Operator (Film, Television Or Video) in accordance with the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO) 3995-12 then you are currently in demand by employers in Australia.
As the occupation features on the Short-term Skilled Occupation List (STSOL), it is possible to apply for a Skilled Nominated 190 visa or a Skilled Regional Nominated 489 visa.
If you are employed in this occupation and you wish to pursue a GSM visa, you will be required to apply for state nomination in order to move to Australia.
Please complete an online assessment to determine your eligibility, and to discuss the options with a consultant.
Click Here to Complete the Online Australian Skilled Migration Visa Assessment
*Please note that while the occupation is on the STSOL it remains a possibility that no states currently have a demand for people in that profession. The online assessment only lists occupations which are currently in demand by a state or territory in Australia, so if the occupation does not appear on the online assessment you should consider seeking an employer sponsor in Australia.
Sets up and operates cameras to photograph scenes for film, television or video productions.
If the above ANZSCO code 3995-12 for Camera Operator (Film, Television or Video) is your current occupation then you have a very good chance of qualifying for a skilled visa. For more detailed visa information, please complete a no obligation Online Assessment and select a call back time when a Visa Bureau migration consultant will call you and explain the migration process in detail.
If you are looking to live and work in Australia on a permanent basis and your occupation is on the Skilled Occupation List (SOL), you can apply to emigrate to Australia through the Australian General Skilled Migration Program.
The program aims to meet current skills shortages in Australia by attracting skilled migrants under the age of 50 who can make an immediate contribution to the Australian economy.
If your occupation is not on the SOL but you are still interested in emigrating to Australia, the best route for you will be applying for an employer-sponsored visa, such as through the Employer Nominated Scheme (ENS), or by applying for the sponsored 457 visa.
If you are looking to work and travel in Australia and are under 30 (inclusive) years of age, you may be eligible for a Working Holiday in Australia.
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Posted in Errant Aesthete
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Posted in Errant Aesthete, New & Notable, Overheard
Tags: dominiquebrowning, Jacques Henri Lartigue, JamesWolcott, SlowLoveLife, theErrantAesthete, vanityfair
Posted in Errant Aesthete, Notable Aesthetes
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Posted in Errant Aesthete
Tags: AprilFoodDay, bloggersunited, hunger
L'esprit de l'escalier or esprit d'escalier (stairway wit) is the sense of thinking of a clever comeback in an encounter when it is too late.
The phrase can be used to describe a riposte to an insult, or any witty, clever remark that comes to mind too late to be useful— when one is on the "staircase" leaving the scene of the encounter.
The phenomenon is usually accompanied by a feeling of regret at having not thought of the riposte when it was most needed or suitable.
Featured: Stairway at the Louvre, Paris, 2007
"A man
should look
as if he bought
his clothes
with intelligence,
put them on
with care,
about them."
-Hardy Amies
~Julia Child
As I bounce around online looking for images I always look for the extraordinary, the esoteric, the naive, and the emblematic of a time; works that are not the pieces we often see in design history books.
Just as a map helps us find our way and shows us where we are, looking at design from years past helps us better understand the trajectory contemporary design has taken. DesignObserver.
The novelist Alison Lurie wrote: "Whatever is worn on the head is a sign of the mind beneath it."
Stephen Jones, the greatest milliner of his generation, disagrees.
"Whatever is worn on the head is a sign of what a person would like to be."
"The golden moments
in the stream of life
rush past us
and we see nothing
but sand.
The angels
come to visit us,
and we only know them
when they are gone."
-George Elliot
In this classic novel of old New York, Edith Wharton recreates the city of her girlhood in the 1870s. The Arion edition has been illustrated with photographs of the actual settings of the story.
"Truly a thing of beauty" according to Forbes magazine, this edition celebrates a classic of American literature. The book has a special status as an affectionate record of the streets and buildings of New York City. At every moment of the novel the reader knows where the characters are, walking down a particular street, standing in front of a certain address, looking out the window of a familiar room.
The Arion Press edition is illustrated with images of the novel's actual setting, as they are today, captured by noted photographer Stephen Shore who brought to this project a personal knowledge of the historic buildings and streets that made up Wharton's New York world.
New York Times art critic Michael Kimmelman raved: "The work's laconic eloquence speaks of an era and a nation."
Francis Bacon's sickly serene Self Portrait 1971 is a refracted faceted face akin to some of Paul Cézanne's self-portraits which are reminiscent of cut precious gem stones reflecting light. Bacon painted with a very dry brush giving the sensation of a granular, grainy effect.
The melancholia mood is of a man melting before you: a disturbing image of a disturbed man in a disturbed century. This is one of the last great self-portraits Bacon painted before he went off the rails and went back into to the lazy worn grooves of inane illustration.
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City Court
Small Claims
All small claims matters can be filed Monday - Friday 8:30 a.m. - 3:30 p.m. by plaintiff in person or an authorized agent of the plaintiff.
- Filing fee:
- $15.00 for claims less than $1,000.00
- $20.00 for claims more than $1,000.00
- Maximum amount of claim $5,000.00
- Defendant must reside, work or have a regular place of business within the County
- Corporations, partnerships or assignees cannot sue in small claims court (see Commercial Claims)
Information needed for filing:
- All parties' name and address (No P.O. Box, a physical address must be provided)
- Actual dollar amount for which you are suing
- Reason for claim (please make as detailed as possible)
IF YOU ARE AWARDED A JUDGMENT, IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO COLLECT THE JUDGMENT. The booklet "A Guide to Small Claims in the NYS City, Town and Village Courts" is available to help explain how to enforce your judgment. The Court cannot make the party pay you.
Important Notice:
You must be prepared for your trial at your first court appearance
You should gather all the evidence necessary to prove your claim or your counter-claim. Anything that you believe may help prove the facts in dispute should be brought to Court. This includes photographs, written agreements, an itemized bill or invoice that is receipted or marked "paid", written estimates of the cost of the service or repairs, a receipt for the purchase of an item or the payment of a dept, cancelled checks, and correspondence. Video tape can be submitted as proof (VHS tapes ONLY). If you rely on estimates, two different written itemized estimates of the cost of the service or repairs are required. Testimony, including your own, is evidence. Any witness whose testimony is important to your case may testify. This can be a person who witnessed your transaction or someone whose special knowledge and experience makes him or her an expert in the matter before the Court.


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Diy easy striped nails design how to paint with a. Robin moses nail art: splatter paint nail art technique. Easy paint splatter nail art tutorial youtube. Nail painting tips nail art painting hand painted nail.


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Learn how to conduct a great interview to capture the history of your family or neighborhood as a Queens Memory volunteer interviewer. Queens Memory volunteers are working all over the borough to collect residents' stories and photos for safekeeping in the Queens Public Library digital archives. You will learn how to prepare, how to ask ...
Aug 28 @ 3:00 PM
Free computer access is available at all the libraries.
The Lefrak City Community Library has:
International Language Collections at the Community Library include:
Special Interest/Noteworthy Collections at the Lefrak City Community Library include:
| Child Care / Preschools
Community Board
Community Organizations & Services
Fire Department
Local Hospitals
Local Newspapers
| Parks and Playgrounds
Police Department
Post Office
Private / Parochial Schools
Public Elementary Schools
Public High Schools
| Public Intermediate / Junior High Schools
Senior Centers
Elected Officials
Special Services
|Child Care / Preschools
Kathy's Day Care Home Inc. #1
97-30 57 Avenue Apartment 1J
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 592-5116
Kathy's Day Care Home Inc. #2
98-23 Horace Harding Expressway Apartment 1F
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 699-1373
Sesame Sprout Inc.
96-08 57 Avenue
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 271-2294
Happy Dragon Learning Center
98-25 Horace Harding Expressway
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 271-5637
International Children's School
57-27 Penrod Avenue
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 271-1000
Montessori School of New York International
55-30 Junction Blvd.
Elmhurst NY , 11373
phone: (718) 857-3341
|Community Board
Community Board District #4
46-11 104th Street
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 760-3141
fax: (718) 760-5971
|Community Organizations & Services
Lefrak City Tenant's Association
97-11 Horace Harding Expressway
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 347-2267
Lefrak City Management Office
9705 Horace Harding Expressway
Corona NY , 11368-4157
phone: (718) 271-5000
Lefrak Organization, Inc.
97-77 Queens Blvd.
Rego Park NY , 11368
phone: (718) 459-9021
Lefrak City Merchants Association
P.O. Box 730634
Corona NY , 11373
phone: (718) 271-4309
Lefrak City Youth & Adult Activities Association Inc. (LCYAAA, Inc.)
P. O. Box 730523
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (866) 862-5544
Lefrak City Jewish Center
98-15 Horace Harding Expressway
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 271-9621
The Islamic Center-Masjid AlFalah
42-12 National Street
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 476-7968
Baptist Church Eternal Love
54-07 99 Street
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 271-1482
Trinity Baptist Chapel
97-22 57th Avenue
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 271-3398
Powerhouse Fitness GYM Center
58-04 99th Street
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 592-4040
|Fire Department
Fire Company of Queens Engine 324
108-01 Horace Harding Expressway
Corona NY , 11368
|Local Hospitals
Elmhurst Hospital Center
79-01 Broadway
Elmhurst NY , 11373
phone: (718) 334-4000
Lefrak City Medical Center
98-15 Horace Harding Expressway
Lefrak City NY , 11368
phone: (718) 699-8500
|Local Newspapers
Whatzup! – In & Around Lefrak City/Monthly Newsletter
Lefrak City Living :A Community of All Nations Living a Little Better/Community Newspaper
Corona Times
|Parks and Playgrounds
Flushing Meadows/Corona Park
Grand Central Parkway & Van Wyck Expressway
Linden Park - Park of the Americas
104 Street & 41 Avenue
Horace Harding Playground
62nd Drive between 97 Place & 98th Street
Playground for All Children
Corona Avenue & Saultell Avenue & 111th Street
Lost Battalion Hall
93-29 Queens Boulevard
Rego Park NY , 11374
phone: (718) 263-1163/4121
|Police Department
110th Precinct
94-41 43rd Avenue
Elmhurst NY , 11373
phone: (718) 476-9311
|Post Office
Corona/Elmhurst Branch
5901 Junction Blvd
Elmhurst NY , 11373-9997
phone: (718) 271-8630 or (800) 275-8777
|Private / Parochial Schools
Our Lady of the Angelus (PreK-8)
98-05 63rd Drive
Rego Park NY , 11374
phone: (718) 896-7220
Johnson's Little Tots Academy (PreK-K)
99-04 57th Avenue
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 592-3096
Queens Occupational Training Center HS (P721Q)
57-12 94 Street
Elmhurst NY , 11373
phone: (718) 760-1083
|Public Elementary Schools
PS 14 Fairview School (Q014) (K-5)
107 Otis Avenue
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 699-6071
PS 206 Horace Harding School (PreK-5)
61-21 97 Place
Rego Park NY , 11374
phone: (718) 592-0300
PS 220 Edward Mandel School (PreK-5)
62-10 108 street
Forest Hills NY , 11375
phone: (718) 592-3030
|Public High Schools
High School for Arts & Business YABC (Q550)
105-25 Horace Harding Expressway
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 271-8383
|Public Intermediate / Junior High Schools
JHS 157 Stephen A Halsey School (6-9)
64th Avenue and 102nd Street
Rego Park NY , 11374
phone: 718) 830-4910
|Senior Centers
Lefrak Senior Citizens Center
96-08 57th Avenue
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 271-1222
IPR HE Corona Senior Center
108-74 Roosevelt Avenue
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 639-2000
Newtown Italian Senior Center
83-20 Queens Blvd.
Elmhurst NY , 11373
phone: (718) 335-7272
Raices Corona Senior Center
102-47 43rd Avenue
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 458-7259
Castle Senior Living (residential)
108-25 Horace Harding Expressway
Forest Hills NY , 11368
phone: (718) 760-4600
Madison York Assisted Living Community
112-14 Corona Ave.
Flushing NY , 11368
phone: (718) 699-4100
|Elected Officials
|NYC Council
Hon. Francisco Moya
District Office 106-01 Corona Avenue
Corona NY, 11368
phone: 718-651-1917
fax: 718-565-5937
Manhattan Office 250 Broadway, Suite 1768
New York NY, 10007
phone: (212) 788-6862
fax: (212) 442-2725
|NYS Assembly
Hon. Jeffrion L. Aubry
District Office 98-09 Northern Boulevard
Corona NY , 11368
phone: (718) 457-3615
fax: (718) 457-3640
Albany Office LOB, Room 646
Albany NY, 12248
phone: (518) 455-4561
fax: (518) 455-4565
|Boro President
Hon. Melinda Katz
Hon. Bill de Blasio
|US Congress
Hon. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
District Office74-09 37th Avenue, Suite 305
Jackson Heights NY , 11372
phone: 718-662-5970
Legislative Office229 Cannon HOB
Washington DC, 20515
phone: (202) 225-3965
|NYS Senate
Hon. Jessica Ramos
District Office32-37 Junction Boulevard
East Elmhurst NY, 11369
phone: 718-205-3881
fax: 718-205-4145
Legislative OfficeLegislative Office Building, Room 946
Albany NY, 12247
phone: 518-455-2529
fax: 518-426-6909
Lefrak City was originally a 42-acre swampy and marginal land west of Horace Harding Boulevard in Corona. Since 1916 this land was unrestricted and it was overlooked by real estate developers of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s as a poor investment. The land was too soft and marshy for building large buildings. Earlier, it had been the scene of hundreds of Quonset huts for returning World War II veterans and their families--before many of them marched off to Long Island's suburbs. Before that, the land was a fill dump which was called Mary's Dump. In 1954, Samuel J. Lefrak, who was one of the world's major builders and one of the largest landlords in the New York City metropolitan area, went to the City Planning Commission to have it re-zoned for business and residence districts. With an initial investment of more than $6 million, Lefrak purchased the vacant property from the estate of Lord William Waldorf Astor of England. Without any aid from federal, state or city funds, he then took a risk to invest $150 million into the project from 1961 until its completion in 1966. The architect was Jack Brown; Frank Stein was the renting manager. It was billed as "The City of Tomorrow", as a city within a city to fill the acute housing shortage in New York City.
Soon after the construction a total of 5,000 apartments ranging from studios to three-bedroom units, with a new population of 25,000, were brought into the area, whose 20 18-story balconied buildings were surrounded by retail stores, supermarkets, restaurants, a public library, a bank, a post office, and two office buildings. Each apartment was built with nine-foot-high ceilings, an electric kitchen under-the-window air-conditioner sleeves, and a terrace for "total facilities for total living." Inspired by the Olympic five-ring logo, the complex includes five intersecting residential sections, each section consisting of four buildings that form an x-pattern. Very uniquely, the buildings within each section are named for countries or cities that are located in the same part of the world. For example, section one is dedicated to Europe, with its buildings named London, Copenhagen, Paris, and Roma on their regimented bricks.
Lefrak City, the towering apartment complex, runs between the Long Island Expressway and 57th Avenue and stretches from Junction Blvd. to 99th Street. It borders Elmhurst, Corona and Rego Park. The official address of Lefrak City is 97-05 Horace Harding Blvd, Corona. The population of Lefrak City has varied over the years. In the beginning, the complex drew middle-class tenants and a large number of Jewish immigrants who had first settled in the South Bronx, the Lower East Side, and Brooklyn. Some of them were United Nations staff and diplomats. Lefrak City even housed many international exhibitors during the New York World Fair in 1964 and 1965. Following allegations by the Justice Department that black applicants were discriminated against in the early 1970s, the Lefrak Organization, which owns the property, agreed to help black tenants move into the complex.
In the 1980s, an increase of crime from drugs and gang violence led to the departure of Lefrak City's white middle-class and left it teetering on the edge of collapse. It was not until the early 1990s that the coincidental arrival of Russian Jews and more African immigrants brought new life to the complex. This unlikely combination of newcomers, Jewish refugees from the former Soviet Union's Central Asia Republics of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, and Muslim immigrants from Africa, has revitalized Lefrak City and stabilized its population. Toward the turn of the 21st Century, Lefrak City and its expanded adjacent vicinities have witnessed a new wave of Hispanic and Asian immigrants, mostly from countries such as Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru as well as China, India, Philippines, Pakistan, and Korea.
Lefrak City is a short walk away from the bustling mass transportation hub that brings together eight local bus lines as well as G, R and V trains. Triboro Coach Corp. operates Manhattan-bound express buses that stop at the complex. The Long Island Expressway intersects the Grand Central Parkway to the east, and Queens Blvd. and Woodhaven Blvd. meet two blocks from the complex. In addition to its indoor shopping center, the complex is within walking distance of the Queens Center Mall and the Rego Park shopping center. With courts for tennis, basketball, and volleyball, soccer fields, ice skating rinks, playgrounds, parking spaces and public garages, picnic and barbecue areas, jogging trails, and a vegetable garden for senior citizens, Lefrak City is a haven and a home for new immigrants, mainly from Latin America, Africa, Russia and Asia.
Through the years, Lefrak City has made a myriad of non-profit cultural, social, athletic, religious, and educational activities available to all residents: including an on-premises after-school program, computer-learning center, summer day camp, and youth employment program. Each summer the housing complex sponsors a barbecue for tenants during Family Day and hosts a popular youth basketball tournament. To serve the international flavor of its tenants Lefrak City also has a mosque, a synagogue, and a Baptist church, as well as other organizations that cultivate a strong sense of belonging. Today, Lefrak City, the largest privately financed apartment development in the United States is still attracting new residents from all over the city and the world.
More Information about the Lefrak City community is available from the following sources:
Corona, Lefrak City, Borough of Queens, New York City, 1955-1987 Prepared by Robert Friedrich Long Island Division, QBPL 1989
With a "Please Open Before Christmas," the library at Lefrak City, the Queens Borough Public Library's fifty-fourth branch started serving its thousands of residents on Tuesday, December 13th, 1966. Mrs. Marie Bottomley was the librarian in charge of the branch. At the time, the library rented a special wing in one of the Lefrak buildings, at 98-27 Horace Harding Expressway, to house the 8,000 sq. ft. branch. It had a capacity for 35,000 volumes, seated 110 readers, and boasted a community room for library-related programs. The Bookmobile, giving weekly library service, made its last stop in the area on December 6th, 1966.
The new Lefrak City Community Library, with the state-of-the–art-facility was relocated within the Lefrak City housing complex again at 98-30 57th avenue between 99th Street and Junction Blvd. The new branch is more than two times larger than the previous building, which reopened its doors to customers on August 18, 2003 after the extensive renovations. The Borough President's Office contributed $600,000 from its 2004 capital budget for continuing renovation to the building. Richard Lefrak, Sam Lefrak's only son and the third president of the Lefrak Organization, donated $50,000 to cover work to the heating and ventilation systems, sidewalk repair and plumbing. Because of the new improvements, the library now features an enlarged children's room, a stadium-seating story time room for kids, an easy-accessible teen area, redesigned circulation desk, an elevator near the library's entrance for handicapped people, and user-friendly self-checkout machines. It also has a 120-seat auditorium which could be divided into smaller sections for programs, classes and meetings.
According to the American Cancer Society, approximately one of two American men and one of three American women will have some type of cancer at some point during their lifetime. Queens Library HealthLink seeks to increase access to cancer screening and cancer treatment among medically underserved communities in Queens. Queens Library HealthLink is a partnership between Queens Library, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Queens Cancer Center of Queens Hospital and the American Cancer Society.


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Check P2514 Engine Code
When you check engine light came on code P2514 the reason should be . However your vehicle's manufacturer may have a different definition for the P2514 OBD-II Diagnostic Powertrain (P) Trouble Code. So you should chech it on our car models.
P2514 code can be about replacing a broken oxygen sensor can eventually lead to a busted catalytic convertor which can cost upwards of $2,000. Taking your car into a shop will cost you around $200 depending on the car. However, an oxygen sensor is easy to replace on many cars and is usually detailed in the owner's manual. If you know where the sensor is, you only have to unclip the old sensor and replace it with a new one. Regardless of how you approach it, you should get this fixed right away.
P2514 Possible Solution:
The crankshaft sensor signals the fuel injection computer or the ignition control when the cylinders are firing. This causes the ignition coil to provide a spark and the injector to inject fuel into each cylinder at the right time.If either sensor isn't working correctly, the car will run rough and the engine will be less efficient. In later car models, the car's computer can usually keep the vehicle running, but the engine warning light on the dashboard goes on to warn the driver.
P2514 Code Meaning :
|OBD-II Diagnostic Powertrain (P) Trouble Code For Engine
|Fuel And Air Metering (Injector Circuit Malfunctions Only)
|Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Malfunction
|Engine Shutoff Solenoid Malfunction
|Timing Reference High Resolution Signal A Too Many Pulses
Regarding the P2514 code, it would probably be worthwhile to carefully inspect the wire harness near the intake manifold bracket. This is done most easily from below the car in the area near the oil filter.
P2514 OBD-II Diagnostic Powertrain (P) Trouble Code DescriptionP2514 engine trouble code is about Timing Reference High Resolution Signal A Too Many Pulses.
Reason For P2514 CodeThe reason of P2514 OBD-II Engine Trouble Code is Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Malfunction.
P2514 DTCs may also be triggered by faults earlier down the line. For example, a dirty MAF sensor might be causing the car to overcompensate in its fuel-trim adjustments. As a result, oxygen sensors are likely to report fuel mixture problems.


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Fear is a natural part of human development and the purest form of self-preservation. Without it, ancient man would've been unable to sense danger and deploy "fight or flight" against saber tooth tigers.
But, Tyler Stenton is no caveman. He's 6 years old and painfully afraid of the dark. Even though his parents, Jenna and Irvin, of San Jose, insist that he is a big boy who should sleep alone in his room, still, every night, Tyler's heart races as he crosses the hall to their room, curls up at the foot of the queen bed, and falls into a peaceful slumber until morning.
"It's starting to become a problem," Jenna says. "We tell him there's no reason to be afraid of the dark, but he throws a tantrum every time. He's just really scared."
As adults, we have irrational fears. It's called anxiety. Imagine what that feels like for a youngster. It is estimated that 8 percent of youth ages 13 to 18 have an anxiety diagnosis, with symptoms typically beginning at age 6. But, nearly all children face some type of fear or anxiety during their development. Toddlers often fear strangers, loud noises and separation from parents; for children 3 to 6, it's common to fear the dark and sleeping alone, while children 7 and older tend to worry about everything from natural disasters to social embarrassment and academic failure.
While it is normal and healthy to have fears, it is critical for parents to help their children cope with and conquer what troubles them so they can grow up to be emotionally healthy adults, says Dan Peters, a Walnut Creek clinical psychologist and author of the book "Make Your Worrier a Warrior: A Guide to Conquering Your Child's Fears" (Great Potential Press; 2013).
"Resiliency research is as simple as understanding that our thoughts determine our emotions and behavior," explains Peters, an anxiety expert who works with gifted children. "We're really trying to help our children deal with life. These tools are more far-reaching than the worry monster."
Peters' four-step model is simple: Identify the troublesome thought, challenge it, modify it and then replace it with a positive one. An example: Peters worked with Adam, 8, who loved soccer but grew anxious around tryouts from thoughts that he would forget how to dribble and kick. The thoughts made his "chest feel funny" and caused shortness of breath.
Adam's father helped him work through his anxiety by reminding him how much he loved soccer, how long he'd been playing and how he's always known what to do at tryouts before. Adam was able to look at the situation a different way and realize that the worry monster was being a bully and lying to him. "I play soccer a lot and know how to play," he told his father.
Kylie O'Kennedy of Benicia tried a different approach when her daughter, Sunshine, then 31/2, developed a fear of monsters after seeing part of the animated film, "Monsters, Inc." In the movie, monsters enter children's rooms through doors. Anytime Sunshine saw a door, she would become particularly anxious.
"We would talk about how monsters were not real, and how if there were monsters, our dogs would bark at them and protect us," O'Kennedy recalls. "But that didn't seem to work."
So, O'Kennedy tried something more hands-on. She gave her daughter a foam Nerf sword and told her she had the power within herself to make the monsters disappear. All she had to do was raise her sword and say, "Go away, monsters!"
"The results were immediate," O'Kennedy says. "She did it for a couple of weeks whenever the fear popped in her head, but then eventually stopped worrying about them altogether. It felt good to see my daughter so empowered. And I feel that validating the fact that they were real to her was an important part of the healing process."
Equally healing was how O'Kennedy worked with Sunshine's teacher to squelch her separation anxiety during preschool. About three months into her second year of preschool, Sunshine would start to cry and cling to her mom when it was time to say goodbye. Instead of lingering, O'Kennedy hugged her daughter and made a swift exit. Then, her teacher took Sunshine to the window so they could wave and watch mom drive away.
"I'd also write notes that said, 'Our hearts are always together' and put them in her lunch, so she looked forward to seeing those," O'Kennedy says.
Distress at separation is a normal developmental response and among the most common fears in children, says psychiatrist Andrew Giammona, medical director and division director for Mental Health and Child Development at Children's Hospital & Research Center in Oakland. In fact, in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5, the updated manual on mental health disorders, the age at onset for separation anxiety has been extended, "because a substantial number of adults report onset of separation anxiety after age 18," he says.
Before going on a trip, Giammona recommends spending extra time with your child. Also, try leaving a transitional object behind for them. For Giammona and his then 3-year-old, Manfredo, it was dad's hospital badge. "It had my picture on it," Giammona says. Also, keep communication promises. If you say you'll be back at the hotel to Skype at bedtime, then do it.
"The most important thing is to check yourself first," Giammona says. "If you're showing your own anxiety or go into the yo-yo of coming and going (at preschool or the airport), then you're telling your child that this behavior is normal and acceptable."
With 40 million Americans currently living with anxiety, a National Institutes of Mental Health number that only represents the people who have sought help and been diagnosed, it is clear that giving your child the tools to cope with their worries now is critical to how they will manage and overcome anxiety in the future.
Especially, Giammona says, at a time when our world is a somewhat scary place.
"We are definitely more exposed to anxiety-provoking images, and that occurs at even younger and younger ages," Giammona says. "We don't watch the news at our house. You have to filter information for them until they are able to filter it for themselves."
– Certain strategies don't help to minimize worry and fear, including: identifying and modifying the fear, positive self talk and external reinforcement. The worry and fear continue to make it difficult for a child to manage and participate in such daily activities as such as school, social activities and sleep.
– The child is experiencing significant daily distress that is causing persistent and intense behavior.
– The child's distress is having a significant impact on family functioning and harmony.
– The child begins to become depressed, avoids many aspects of life and isolates from family and friends.
Reach Jessica Yadegaran at email@example.com.


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1988 swatch watch for women Frontloop Two LK117
Diameter case 25 mm.
Water-resistant 30 Meters / 100 feet.
Brand new, never worn, a new battery will be installed before shipping.
Plastic box and instructions are included.
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You can search for information on:
- The Department of Health website
- The Australian Government Web Archive
- Archived collections of the website are also available on the Internet Archive Wayback machine. The wayback machine is a third party website and the Department of Health cannot guarantee the accuracy, currency, completeness or interpretation of the information.
If you are looking for information related to Tobacco Plain Packaging, please visit www.health.gov.au/tobaccopp


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|General Information
|Eriador, on Bree-hill
Reunited Kingdom
|Men, Hobbits
|Images of Bree
Bree was a village in Middle-earth, east of The Shire and south of Fornost Erain.
Bree was settled in the early Third Age, in the realm Cardolan. Though the Princes of Cardolan claimed it, Bree continued to thrive without any central authority or government for many centuries. Bree was the most westerly settlement of men in all Middle-earth by the time of the War of the Ring.
The origins of the Men of Bree are obscure, but apparently they were a distant offshoot of the Dunlendings who had moved far to the North, and then were absorbed into Arnor. In any case, the Bree-landers managed to survive through the violent history of Middle-earth up to that point, and they were still thriving in Bree long after Arnor had collapsed and the memory of fallen kings faded into the grass. The Men of Bree were also the only Men in all of Middle-earth who lived with Hobbits on a daily basis: the population of the Bree-land had become a mix of Men and Hobbits, who had migrated from the east some 1,500 years before the War of the Ring. The ratio varied between each of the four townships of the Bree-land, but Bree itself had a sizable Hobbit population.
Bree was by its nature a trading community, due to being located at the major crossroads of the Great East Road. which ran from the Blue Mountains and the coast to Dale in the far East, and the old north-south road between Arnor and Gondor. The latter had fallen out of much use since the destruction of Arnor, and was more commonly referred to as the Greenway due to its disrepair. Trade had of course drastically declined in the thousand years since the final destruction of Arnor, but even at the end of the Third Age Bree remained relatively prosperous. As a result of its location on major trade routes, one could encounter travelers from all sorts of distant lands in a bustling Bree inn. The Rangers of the North also were known to stop in Bree for resupply.
Bree is the place where seemingly by accident, Gandalf and Thorin Oakenshield met on March 15, T.A. 2941. They were both thinking about the same problem: the Dragon Smaug at the Lonely Mountain. The meeting led to the undertaking of the Quest of Erebor, which resulted in the death of Smaug and the finding of the One Ring by Bilbo Baggins.
In the night between the 29th and the 30th of September, T.A. 3018, Frodo Baggins met Strider at the largest inn in Bree, The Prancing Pony, owned by Barliman Butterbur. The inn was raided by servants of the Ringwraiths, forcing the retreat of Frodo and his companions.
Bree was raided by ruffians during the War of the Ring, leaving several Men and Hobbits dead. When Frodo and his companions returned in October 28, T.A. 3019, returned to Bree, it seemed like most of the worst had passed. Barliman Butterbur explained to the Hobbits that none of the Bree-landers ever realized how much the Rangers of the North had done for them, but after they all left (to fight in the War of the Ring in the south) all sorts of ruffians and highwaymen and wolves had encroached on the land. The Bree-landers had survived by throwing up some hasty defenses and posting watchmen, but trade had dropped off to almost nothing as they barricaded themselves within their town walls. The Hobbits assured Butterbur that Aragorn II, known to him as his former customer "Strider", had now been crowned King and would soon venture north to restore order.
Presumably, Bree was re-absorbed into the revived Arnor and Reunited Kingdom of Aragorn, with increased trade allowing Bree to become more prosperous than in generations.
Directly west of Bree were the Barrow-downs and the Old Forest. Bree was the chief village of Bree-land, a small wooded region near the intersection of the main north-south and east-west routes through Eriador. Bree-land was the only part of Middle-earth where Men and hobbits dwelt side by side.
Bree was on the south-western side of Bree-hill, and there were three villages in Bree-land in addition to Bree proper.
- Staddle was populated primarily by hobbits who made a living from light agriculture, of pipeweed, primarily. Staddle was on the south-eastern side of Breehill, sitting south of Combe and Archet. It was the only of the villages (other than Bree itself) visible from the Great East Road.
- Combe was populated primarily by Men, with some hobbits, all of whom made a living from agriculture. Combe was situated on the borders of the Chetwood and on the edge of Breehill, between the villages of Archet and Staddle.
The name Bree means "hill" in Brythonic, referring to the fact that the village of Bree and the surrounding Bree-lands were centered around a large hill. According to Tom Shippey, Tolkien was inspired by the actual town of Brill.
Portrayal in adaptations
With the absence of Tom Bombadil and the Barrow-downs in most adaptations, the distance between Bree and the Shire seems shorter than it really was.
1978: Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings:
- After leaving the Old Forest, the Hobbits appear in the Prancing Pony without delay or introduction. Merry does not go out for a stroll, and the rooms were raided by Ringwraiths rather than servants of them.
1981: BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings:
- Here too, Bombadil and the Barrow-downs were omitted. After taking a short walk through Bree, the hobbits enter the Pony. Merry goes out for a walk, and is found by Bob the ostler. Once again, it is the Ringwraiths rather than servants of them who raid the Pony.
2001: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
- Frodo and his companions arrive at Bree almost immediately after the scene in which they leave the Shire. All are present in Strider's room when the Ringwraiths crash the gate, trample the gatekeeper, and raid the Prancing Pony.
2002: Vivendi's The Fellowship of the Ring:
- The role of Bree is greatly expanded, due to the interactiveness of the medium. It is the place where the Hobbits meet Strider, and the player shifts perspective. Strider searches the streets of Bree for Merry and materials to make decoys for (once again) the Ringwraiths to slash, while the streets are crowded with robbers and wolves.
2007: The Lord of the Rings Online:
- Bree is one of the major cities in the game, located in Bree-land. Men are able to quick travel to the city if they have earned the trait, have it equipped and have one travel ration. Bree is also one of the places that players can choose as Mannish character's homeland.


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It is trout season in Western Pennsylvania and, again, Glade Run Lake stands empty.
This lake contributed $1.2 million to the local economy per year, and it is estimated to take $4.2 million to repair and restore. It pays for itself in four years, but the lake stands empty.
Osprey, bald eagles, geese, ducks and heron visit the place where for 50 years they have fed and raised their young — but the lake stands empty.
People in our community need the jobs that reconstructing the dam will bring, and by the economic activity the lake provides. But the lake stands empty.
Many people can't wait to take their children and grandchildren to where they learned to fish and hunt — but the lake stands empty.
Other dams in the state have received funding and are being rebuilt, but Glade Run Lake stands empty.
The state Fish and Boat Commission, the governor, our state lawmakers and our county commissioners all say they want the lake rebuilt, but right now their words seem a lot like our lake — empty.


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Warning: By law we cannot sell this product to anyone under 18, by placing an order with us you are confirming that you are over the age of 18.
Rosewood Boredom Breaker Natural Treats Cornflower & Daisy Sticks 2 per pack
This is a specialist veterinary product. We will ask you a simple set of questions to confirm that you are buying the correct medicine for your pet and know how to use it safely
Order by 3pm for Express Courier Delivery Some of the items we sell are a bit too bulky to fit on our delivery vans so we offer our customers Next Day Delivery via courier. Deliveries are made from 8am - 8pm Monday to Saturday and 9am - 5pm on Sundays. Your delivery slot will only be confirmed once your order has been placed.


text: Not all gloves are created equal! Muay Thai gloves are specifically designed to offer the proper protection to the Muay Thai athlete. Unlike boxing style gloves, Muay Thai gloves typically have a layer of padding at the wrist that offers protection to the practitioner when he or she is blocking kicks from an opponent. Without this type of padding, the wearer of the gloves risks serious injury to the forearm and wrist area. Many of the best Muay Thai gloves in the world are manufactured in Thailand by brand names such as Fairtex, Windy, Boonsport, Twins Special and King Professional. Here at MMABLAST you'll find all of these brands and more! You may be asking yourself; "well, I want to be an MMA fighter, why do I need those heavy Thai-style gloves when I have my 4oz open-fingered gloves?" The reason is that it is simply impractical and downright dangerous to wear the super-light MMA style gloves during all phases of training and sparring. The denser, thicker padding of Thai-style gloves afford far more protection to the delicate bones of the hand and wrist, which allows you to really wail away on the pads and the bag without having to worry about getting injured. Improperly wrapped hands can still get damaged, but it's far less likely with the right gloves. They are also FAR safer to spar with than open-fingered gloves. Our training and sparring gloves allow you to throw your punches harder while putting your sparring partners in less danger than if you were just wearing MMA gloves. Shop at MMABLAST and know that you're getting the best standup gloves on the market!


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Superstorm challenges definition of basement in N.J.
Residents of Hoboken are working to fix their damaged homes, but for many, sufficient funding is difficult to obtain after the government and insurance company classified their homes as basements.
HOBOKEN, N.J. (AP) — Irene Sobolov believes the first floor of her house is just that. The federal government and her insurance company say it's a basement.
The semantics, Sobolov has learned, are very expensive.
Sobolov and others whose lower-level apartments or businesses sustained water damage during Superstorm Sandy say the property they own is being classified as a basement, severely limiting what is covered under the National Flood Insurance Program.
"It's the battle of the definitions," said Sobolov, standing on concrete that a wood floor once covered. She says the damage to her home came when the sewer overflowed, sending a repellent brew of sewage, condoms and garbage water up through her toilet and drain. "No one told us about this basement thing."
The basement classification has become a point of contention in Hoboken, a city of 50,000 across the Hudson River from Manhattan. Hoboken sustained major flooding when the Hudson jumped its banks and roared into the city during Superstorm Sandy, one of the strongest storms to ever hit the area. It is one of the densest cities in the country, and there are about 1,700 below-ground units that house people or businesses, according to Mayor Dawn Zimmer.
A spokesman for Senator Frank Lautenberg said people whose homes or businesses were classified as a basement are eligible for grants that are part of the $50.7 billion Sandy aid package approved by the House of Representatives Jan. 15. It is unclear how much will be allocated or what the rules will be.
While there may be some relief coming, the classification is leading some to call for changes to the National Flood Insurance Program, saying the basement definition unfairly punishes people who own property in cities.
The flood insurance rules "do not reflect the reality" of urban living, Zimmer told Congress last month.
"A store or apartment that requires you to walk down one or two steps is plain and simply not a basement," Zimmer told the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.
"For many people, that's their primary residence. It's where they have the kitchen, the bedroom," Zimmer said in an interview. "It's their home."
A basement is classified as "any area of the building, including any sunken room or sunken portion of a room, having its floor below ground level (subgrade) on all sides," according to a spokesman for the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Basement flood coverage is limited to items including central air conditioners, hot water heaters and "cisterns and the water in them," according to the program's website.
Floors, paneling and most personal property in buildings classified as basements are not covered.
Jersey City resident Patrick Donnelly is suing a number of insurance companies, saying he and others were denied damage claims after Hurricane Irene in 2011 and Sandy. A judge will decide if the suit can move forward as a class action.
"We're seeing situations where the insurance company is denying claims in buildings we do not believe met the definition of a basement," said Jeffrey A. Bronster, Donnelly's lawyer.
Jersey City mayor Jerramiah Healy said he thinks the lawsuit is a "valid argument."
Elsewhere, "traditionally a basement is where you throw stuff. It's 8 to 10 feet below the ground," Healy said. "Here in Jersey City we have a lot of places that are ground level or 3 feet below. It's living space."
Property owners with a mortgage are required to have federal flood insurance. The policies are issued by private insurance companies.
Robert Hunter, director of insurance for the Consumer Federation of America and former federal insurance administrator, said insurance is typically calculated on the ground level of a structure. Anything below that is typically classified as a basement, he said.
The basement issue rarely came up after Hurricane Katrina, Hunter said, because so many Gulf Coast homes were built on slabs.
"I've been fighting this battle for a long time," Hunter said. "I think they're too stringent in how they interpreted those basement rules."
Sitting at her kitchen table recently, Sobolov looked at a bathroom that no longer had walls, a sink or a toilet. Its door was propped up against a wall in her living room, a decades-old brown sign reading "please keep this door closed at all times" in both English and Spanish hanging from a nail. Previous owners put the sign on the door and added on the living room, which was deemed a porch by the insurance company. The floors and bottom of the walls are ripped up. The back door opens onto a few steps up into the backyard.
Sobolov said she is challenging the assertion that her home was flooded because of her claim that what came up through the toilet and drain damaged her home. But because the insurance company declared her home flooded, she is also fighting the basement classification. There was about a foot of water and sludge in her home.
She and her husband have owned the home for 12 years and pay about $2,500 a year in flood insurance, Sobolov said.
"They collect our money for 12 years and only now it's, 'Oh, I forgot to tell you, we don't cover you?'" she asked.
Sobolov received $5,000 from FEMA, she said, and is supposed to get another $6,000 under her flood insurance. She said she has a $250,000 flood insurance policy. Contractors estimated the damage will cost $60,000 to $80,000 to fix. Additionally, many of the family's possessions, including the stove, dishwasher and furniture, were destroyed.
A basement, Sobolov said, would be an amenity in cramped Hoboken.
"How many people in Hoboken," Sobolov asked, "have the luxury of having a basement in their house?"
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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UK delivery - Brighouse, Calderdale - Import
This product is available from our Pricing Calculatore page.
We are fortunate to have used Sabre's ocean freight solutions for over three years. Sabre have consistently negotiated competitive freight rates, provided excellent service and have always been there to answer our questions, and deal in a timely manner with any issues which arise. We are happy to continue using a company who know the true meaning of customer service
David - Aug 2017


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Thailand Population: 68,200,82419,178 VISITORS FROM HERE!
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|A unified Thai kingdom was established in the mid-14th century. Known as Siam until 1939, Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been colonized by a European power. A bloodless revolution in 1932 led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. In alliance with Japan during World War II, Thailand became a US treaty ally in 1954 after sending troops to Korea and later fighting alongside the US in Vietnam. Thailand since 2005 has experienced several rounds of political turmoil including a military coup in 2006 that ousted then Prime Minister THAKSIN Chinnawat, followed by large-scale street protests by competing political factions in 2008, 2009, and 2010. THAKSIN's youngest sister, YINGLAK Chinnawat, in 2011 led the Puea Thai Party to an electoral win and assumed control of the government. A blanket amnesty bill for individuals involved in street protests, altered at the last minute to include all political crimes - including all convictions against THAKSIN - triggered months of large-scale anti-government protests in Bangkok beginning in November 2013. In early May 2014 YINGLAK was removed from office by the Constitutional Court and in late May 2014 the Royal Thai Army staged a coup against the caretaker government. Then head of the Royal Thai Army, Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha, was appointed prime minister in August 2014. The interim military government created several interim institutions to promote reform and draft a new constitution. Elections are tentatively set for mid-2017. King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet passed away in October 2016 after 70 years on the throne; his only son, WACHIRALONGKON Bodinthrathepphayawarangkun, ascended the throne in December 2016. Thailand has also experienced violence associated with the ethno-nationalist insurgency in its southern Malay-Muslim majority provinces. Since January 2004, thousands have been killed and wounded in the insurgency.
Controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore
|Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 513,120 sq km
land: 510,890 sq km
water: 2,230 sq km
Size comparison: about three times the size of Florida; slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming
|Land Boundaries:
|total: 5,673 km border countries (4): Burma 2,416 km, Cambodia 817 km, Laos 1,845 km, Malaysia 595 km
|3,219 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
|tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid
|central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
|Elevation extremes:
|Natural resources:
|tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 41.2% arable land 30.8%; permanent crops 8.8%; permanent pasture 1.6% forest: 37.2%
other: 21.6% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|64,150 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts
|Current Environment Issues:
|air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
|^Back to Top
| noun: Thai (singular and plural)
adjective: Thai
|Ethnic groups:
|Thai 95.9%, Burmese 2%, other 1.3%, unspecified 0.9% (2010 est.)
|Thai (official) 90.7%, Burmese 1.3%, other 8% note: English is a secondary language of the elite (2010 est.)
|Buddhist (official) 93.6%, Muslim 4.9%, Christian 1.2%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2010 est.)
|68,200,824 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 17.18% (male 6,000,434/female 5,714,464)
15-24 years: 14.47% (male 5,030,930/female 4,839,931)
25-54 years: 46.5% (male 15,678,250/female 16,038,155)
55-64 years: 11.64% (male 3,728,028/female 4,208,624)
65 years and over: 10.21% (male 3,047,938/female 3,914,070) (2016 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 39.2%
youth dependency ratio: 24.7%
elderly dependency ratio: 14.6%
potential support ratio: 6.9% (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 37.2 years
male: 36.2 years
female: 38.2 years (2016 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|0.32% (2016 est.)
|Birth rate:
|11.1 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Death rate:
|7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
| urban population: 50.4% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 2.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|BANGKOK (capital) 9.27 million; Samut Prakan 1.814 million (2015)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|23.3 (2009 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|20 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 9.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 10.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 74.7 years male: 71.5 years
female: 78 years (2016 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.51 children born/woman (2016 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|79.3% (2012)
|Health expenditures:
|6.5% of GDP (2014)
|Physicians density:
|0.39 physicians/1,000 population (2010)
|Hospital bed density:
|2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 97.6% of population
rural: 98% of population
total: 97.8% of population
urban: 2.4% of population
rural: 2% of population
total: 2.2% of population (2015 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 89.9% of population
rural: 96.1% of population
total: 93% of population
urban: 10.1% of population
rural: 3.9% of population
total: 7% of population (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|1.12% (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|438,100 (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|14,200 (2015 est.)
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|9.2% (2014)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|9.2% (2012)
|Education expenditures:
|4.1% of GDP (2013)
| definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96.7%
male: 96.6%
female: 96.7% (2015 est.)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 14 years male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2013)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 3.4% male: 2.8%
female: 4.4% (2013 est.)
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|Country name:
| conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand
conventional short form: Thailand
local long form: Ratcha Anachak Thai
local short form: Prathet Thai
former: Siam
etymology: "Land of the Tai [People]"; the meaning of "tai" is uncertain, but may originally have meant "human beings" or "people"
|Government type:
|constitutional monarchy; note - interim military-affiliated government since May 2014
| name: Bangkok
geographic coordinates: 13 45 N, 100 31 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
|Administrative divisions:
|76 provinces (changwat, singular and plural) and 1 municipality* (maha nakhon); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Bueng Kan, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep* (Bangkok), Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon
|1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)
|National holiday:
|Birthday of King PHUMIPHON (BHUMIBOL), 5 December (1927)
|many previous; interim constitution - replacing the 2007 permanent constitution - signed by the king 22 July 2014; first draft of new constitution completed 17 April 2015, rejected by drafting committee 6 September 2015; final draft completed by new drafting committee 29 March 2016, passed by referendum 7 August 2016 (2016)
|Legal system:
|civil law system with common law influences
|18 years of age; universal and compulsory
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: King WACHIRALONGKON Bodinthrathepphayawarangkun (since 1 December 2016); note - King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet, also spelled BHUMIBOL Adulyadej (since 9 June 1946) died 13 October 2016
head of government: Interim Prime Minister Gen. PRAYUT Chan-ocha (since 25 August 2014) Deputy Prime Ministers PRAWIT Wongsuwan, Gen. (since 31 August 2014), THANASAK Patimaprakon, Gen. (since 31 August 2014), WISSANU Kruea-ngam (since 31 August 2014), SOMKHIT Chatusiphithak (since 20 August 2015), PRACHIN Chantong, Air Chief Mar. (since 20 August 2015), NARONG Phiphatthanasai, Adm. (since 20 August 2015)
cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the king; a Privy Council advises the king elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch with a resolution of the National Legislative Assembly (as stated in the 2014 interim constitution)
note: Prime Minister YINGLAK Chinnawat, also spelled YINGLUCK Shinawatra, was removed from office on 7 May 2014 after the Constitutional Court ruled she illegally transferred a government official; Thai army declared martial law on 20 May 2014 followed by a coup on 22 May 2014
|Legislative branch:
| description: in transition; following the May 2014 military coup, a National Legislative Assembly or Sapha Nitibanyat of no more than 220 members replaced the bicameral National Assembly; expanded to 250 members in September 2016; elections for a permanent legislative body are currently unscheduled and probably will not occur until late 2017
elections: Senate - last held on 30 March 2014; House of Representatives - last held on 2 February 2014, but later declared invalid by the Constitutional Court
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of court president, 6 vice-presidents, and 60-70 judges, and organized into 10 divisions); Constitutional Court (consists of court president and 8 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (number of judges determined by Judicial Commission of the Administrative Courts) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges selected by the Judicial Commission of the Courts of Justice and approved by the monarch; judge term determined by the monarch; Constitutional Court justices - 3 judges drawn from the Supreme Court, 2 judges drawn from the Administrative Court, and 4 judge candidates selected by the Selective Committee for Judges of the Constitutional Court and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed by the monarch to serve single 9-year terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the Judicial Commission of the Administrative Courts and appointed by the monarch; judges appointed for life
subordinate courts: courts of first instance and appeals courts within both the judicial and administrative systems; military courts
|Political parties and leaders:
|Chat Patthana Party or CPN (National Development Party) [WANNARAT Channukun] Chat Thai Phatthana Party or CTP (Thai Nation Development Party) [THEERA Wongsamut] Mahachon Party or Mass Party [APHIRAT Sirinawin] Matuphum Party (Motherland Party) [Gen. SONTHI Bunyaratkalin] Phalang Chon Party (People Chonburi Power Party) [SONTHAYA Khunpluem] Phumchai (Bhumjai) Thai Party or PJT (Thai Pride) [ANUTHIN Chanwirakun] Prachathipat Party or DP (Democrat Party) [ABHISIT Wechachiwa, also spelled ABHISIT Vejjajiva] Prachathipatai Mai Party (New Democracy Party) [SURATIN Phichan] Puea Thai Party (For Thais Party) or PTP [acting leader VIROT Paoin] Rak Prathet Thai Party (Love Thailand Party) [CHUWIT Kamonwisit] Rak Santi Party (Peace Conservation Party) [Pol. Lt. Gen. THAWIN Surachetphong]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|Multicolor Group People's Democratic Reform Committee or PDRC Student and People Network for Thailand's Reform or STR United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or UDD
|International organization participation:
|ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, BIS, CD, CICA, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
|National symbol(s):
|garuda (mythical half-man, half-bird figure), elephant; national colors: red, white, blue
|National anthem:
| name: "Phleng Chat Thai" (National Anthem of Thailand)
lyrics/music: Luang SARANUPRAPAN/Phra JENDURIYANG
note: music adopted 1932, lyrics adopted 1939; by law, people are required to stand for the national anthem at 0800 and 1800 every day; the anthem is played in schools, offices, theaters, and on television and radio during this time; "Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami" (A Salute to the Monarch) serves as the royal anthem and is played in the presence of the royal family and during certain state ceremonies
|Diplomatic representation in the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador PHISAN Manawaphat (since 23 February 2015)
chancery: 1024 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 401, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 944-3600
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
|Diplomatic representation from the US:
| chief of mission: Ambassador Glyn T. DAVIES (since 27 November 2015)
embassy: 120-122 Wireless Road, Bangkok 10330
mailing address: APO AP 96546
telephone: [66] (2) 205-4000
consulate(s) general: Chiang Mai
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With a well-developed infrastructure, a free-enterprise economy, and generally pro-investment policies, Thailand historically has had a strong economy, but it experienced slow growth in 2013-15 as a result of domestic political turmoil and sluggish global demand, which curbed Thailand's traditionally strong exports - mostly electronics, agricultural commodities, automobiles and parts, and processed foods. Following the May 2014 coup d'etat, tourism decreased 6-7% but is beginning to recover. The Thai baht depreciated more than 8% during 2015. Thailand faces labor shortages, and has attracted an estimated 2-4 million migrant workers from neighboring countries. The Thai Government in 2013 implemented a nationwide 300 baht (roughly $10) per day minimum wage policy and deployed new tax reforms designed to lower rates on middle-income earners. The household debt to GDP ratio is over 80%.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $1.161 trillion (2016 est.) $1.125 trillion (2015 est.) $1.094 trillion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $390.6 billion (2015 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|3.2% (2016 est.) 2.8% (2015 est.) 0.8% (2014 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $16,800 (2016 est.) $16,300 (2015 est.) $15,900 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|34.1% of GDP (2016 est.) 32% of GDP (2015 est.) 27.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 50.9%
government consumption: 17.9%
investment in fixed capital: 24.1%
investment in inventories: -1.4%
exports of goods and services: 65.4%
imports of goods and services: -56.9% (2016 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 50.9%
government consumption: 17.9%
investment in fixed capital: 24.1%
investment in inventories: -1.4%
exports of goods and services: 65.4%
imports of goods and services: -56.9% (2016 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, palm oil, pineapple, livestock, fish products
|tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, agricultural
|Industrial production growth rate:
|3.1% (2016 est.)
|Labor force:
|38.45 million (2016 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| agriculture: 32.2%
industry: 16.7%
services: 51.1% (2014 est.)
|Unemployment rate:
|0.9% (2016 est.) 0.9% (2015 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|12.6% (2012 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 31.5% (2009 est.)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|48.4 (2011) 49 (2009)
| revenues: $76.69 billion
expenditures: $86.94 billion (2016 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|19.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
|Public debt:
| 50.4% of GDP (2016 est.) 46% of GDP (2015 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as i
|Fiscal year:
|1 October - 30 September
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.2% (2016 est.) -0.9% (2015 est.)
|Current account balance:
|$37.69 billion (2016 est.) $30.99 billion (2015 est.)
|$190 billion (2016 est.) $212.1 billion (2015 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|automobiles and parts, computer and parts, jewelry and precious stones, polymers of ethylene in primary forms, refine fuels, electronic integrated circuits, chemical products, rice, fish products, rubber products, sugar, cassava, poultry, machinery and pa
|Exports - partners:
|US 11.2%, China 11.1%, Japan 9.4%, Hong Kong 5.5%, Malaysia 4.8%, Australia 4.6%, Vietnam 4.2%, Singapore 4.1% (2015)
|$171.3 billion (2016 est.) $177.5 billion (2015 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|machinery and parts, crude oil, electrical machinery and parts, chemicals, iron & steel and product, electronic integrated circuit, automobile's parts, jewelry including silver bars and gold, computers and parts, electrical household appliances, soybean,
|Imports - partners:
|China 20.3%, Japan 15.4%, US 6.9%, Malaysia 5.9%, UAE 4% (2015)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$181.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $156.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$137.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $134.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$190.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $186.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$88.18 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $78.68 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$348.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $430.4 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $354.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
|Exchange rates:
|baht per US dollar - 35.4 (2016 est.) 34.248 (2015 est.) 34.248 (2014 est.) 32.48 (2013 est.) 31.08 (2012 est.)
|^Back to Top
|Electricity - production:
|164 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|164 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|1.6 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|12 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|40 million kW (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|90.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|6.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|3.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|248,200 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|30,010 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|897,800 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|400 million bbl (1 January 2016 es)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|1.273 million bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|1.231 million bbl/day (2014 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|241,800 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|75,400 bbl/day (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|42.15 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|53.75 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|0 cu m (2013 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|11.6 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|219.5 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|301 million Mt (2013 est.)
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|Cellular Phones in use:
|total: 84.797 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 125 (July 2015 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: high quality system, especially in urban areas like Bangkok
domestic: fixed-line system provided by both a government-owned and commercial provider; wireless service expanding rapidly
international: country code - 66; connected to major submarine cable systems providing links throughout Asia, Australia, Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Pacific Ocean) (2015)
|Broadcast media:
|6 terrestrial TV stations in Bangkok broadcast nationally via relay stations - 2 of the networks are owned by the military, the other 4 are government-owned or controlled, leased to private enterprise, and all are required to broadcast government-produced (2008)
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
|total: 26.726 million percent of population: 39.3% (July 2015 est.)
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|101 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 63
over 3,047 m: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 23
914 to 1,523 m: 14
under 914 m: 6 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 38
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 10
under 914 m: 26 (2013)
|7 (2013)
|condensate 2 km; gas 5,900 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1 km; refined products 1,097 km (2013)
| total: 4,070.8 km standard gauge: 28.8 km 1.435-m gauge (28.8 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 4,042 km 1.000-m gauge (2014)
| total 180,053 km
(includes 450 km of expressways) (2006)
|4,000 km (3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m) (2011)
|Merchant marine:
| total 363
by type: bulk carrier 31, cargo 99, chemical tanker 28, container 18, liquefied gas 36, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 10, petroleum tanker 114, refrigerated cargo 24, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 1
foreign-owned: 13 (China 1, Hong Kong 1, Malaysia 3, Singapore 1, Taiwan 1, UK 6)
registered in other countries: 46 (Bahamas 4, Belize 1, Honduras 2, Panama 6, Singapore 33) (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
|major seaport(s): Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Map Ta Phut, Prachuap Port, Si Racha container port(s) TEUs): Bangkok (1,305,229), Laem Chabang (5,731,063) LNG terminal(s) (import): Map Ta Phut
|^Back to Top
|Military branches:
|Royal Thai Army (Kongthap Bok Thai, RTA), Royal Thai Navy (Kongthap Ruea Thai, RTN, includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force (Kongthap Agard Thai, RTAF) (2013)
|Military service age and obligation:
|21 years of age for compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; males register at 18 years of age; 2-year conscript service obligation (2012)
|Military expenditures:
|1.5% of GDP (2013) 1.47% of GDP (2012) 1.6% of GDP (2011) 1.47% of GDP (2010)
|^Back to Top
|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Malay-Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem insurgent activities; Southeast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; talks continue on completion of demarcation with Laos but disputes remain over several islands in the Mekong River; despite continuing border committee talks, Thailand must deal with Karen and other ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011 Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a planned UN World Heritage site; Thailand is studying the feasibility of jointly constructing the Hatgyi Dam on the Salween river near the border with Burma; in 2004, international environmentalist pressure prompted China to halt construction of 13 dams on the Salween River that flows through China, Burma, and Thailand; 140,000 mostly Karen refugees fleeing civil strife, political upheaval and economic stagnation in Burma live in remote camps in Thailand near the border
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
| refugees (country of origin): 106,349 (Burma) (2015) IDPs: 35,000 (resurgence in ethno-nationalist violence in south of country since 2004) (2015)
stateless persons: 443,862 (2015); note - about half of Thailand's northern hill tribe people do not have citizenship and make up the bulk of Thailand's stateless population; most lack documentation showing they or one of their parents were born in Thailand; children born to Burmese refugees are not eligible for Burmese or Thai citizenship and are stateless; most Chao Lay, maritime nomadic peoples, who travel from island to island in the Andaman Sea west of Thailand are also stateless; stateless Rohingya refugees from Burma are considered illegal migrants by Thai authorities and are detained in inhumane conditions or expelled; stateless persons are denied access to voting, property, education, employment, healthcare, and driving note: Thai nationality was granted to more than 18,000 stateless persons in the last 3 years (2015)
|Illicit drugs:
|a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; transit point for illicit heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in methamphetamine production for regional consumption; major consumer of methamphetamine since the 1990s despite a series of government crackdowns
|^Back to Top
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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