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Frederick Calls for Job Security—His Own | Washington Post
March 12, 2009 1:37 PM
Jeffrey M. Frederick promised to fight for the Virginia Republican party chairmanship. Signs of his public campaign surfaced this afternoon when the party faithful received robo calls urging them to stick...
Virgil Goode Plans Possible Comeback | Washington Post
March 12, 2009 1:29 PM
Former GOP Congressman Virgil H. Goode Jr. filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission yesterday so he can raise money for a possible rematch with U.S. Rep. Tom Perriello next year (D-Va.), according...
McAuliffe Picks Up Support from Bloggers | Washington Post
March 12, 2009 8:33 AM
The three Democratic activists and bloggers who founded the
How the Campaign Grinder Works | VirginiaTomorrow
March 12, 2009 8:27 AM
If you want to know how political campaigns operate on a day-to-day basis, yesterday was a perfect example.
This is what happened.
-10:15 a.m.
Terry McAuliffe's unveiled the first chapter of his...
Virginia in a Hurry, 3-13-09 | VirginiaTomorrow
March 11, 2009 9:44 PM
Republican John Cook Wins Fairfax Supervisor Contest
Cranwell Seeks Re-Election as Democratic Party Chair
McAuliffe Reveals Business Plan for Virginia
GOP AG Candidates Spar Over Triggerman Rule
Delegate Bob Marshall: Why Obama's Position on Embryonic Stem Cell Research is Misguided | VirginiaTomorrow
March 11, 2009 9:43 PM
Nowhere in any of the White House documents authorizing the moral travesty of experimentation on human embryos, does President Obama acknowledge that the research he wants to fund with tax monies involves...
Has McDonnell Gone Mad? | Richmond Times-Dispatch
March 11, 2009 8:17 PM
Virginia Notebook: McDonnell Gambles On Frederick | Washington Post
March 11, 2009 3:25 PM
With the three Democratic candidates for governor battling for their party's nomination, GOP candidate Robert F. McDonnell was in a posture that many statewide candidates can only dream about. McDonnell...
GOP Wins Fairfax Supervisor Seat | Washington Post
March 11, 2009 2:21 PM
Republican John Cook narrowly defeated Democrat Ilryong Moon in the race to fill an open seat on the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, according to unofficial returns counted today. Moon has not conceded...
The U.S. National Slavery Museum | VirginiaTomorrow
March 11, 2009 12:48 PM
There have been several news inquiries relative to the U.S. National Slavery Museum located in Fredericksburg, Virginia.
There has been no contact of any kind from anyone officially representing the City...
Cranwell Will Seek Reelection As Party Chair | Washington Post
March 11, 2009 11:00 AM
C. Richard Cranwell, the chairman of the Virginia Democratic Party, has decided he will seek reelection as chairman when the state central committee meets in June. Cranwell initially had been planning...
McAuliffe Unveils Energy Plan | Washington Post
March 11, 2009 10:46 AM
Democratic gubernatorial candidate Terry McAuliffe unveiled his detailed energy proposal today, the first section of what he is calling his
Moran Loses an Endorsement | Washington Post
March 11, 2009 8:38 AM
Former delegate Flora Crittenden said she did not endorse Democratic gubernatorial candidate Brian Moran in the June 9 primary, even though he used her name in a press release earlier this week. Crittenden,...
John Warner to Return to D.C. Law Firm | Washington Post
March 11, 2009 8:17 AM
Former U.S senator John W. Warner, a Virginia Republican, announced today that he will return to the Washington law firm Hogan & Hartson, where he was a partner until launching a long career in public...
Virginia in a Hurry, 3-11-09 | VirginiaTomorrow
March 10, 2009 9:22 PM
McDonnell Opposes Card Check Legislation
Democratic Candidates React to McDonnell's Position on Card Check
GOP Candidates for Attorney General All Claim to Be in the Lead
GOP Senate Leaders Want...
McDonnell Opposes Card-Check Legislation | Washington Post
March 10, 2009 3:19 PM
Former attorney general Robert F. McDonnell, the GOP nominee for governor, said today he will campaign vigorously against efforts in Congress to approve the Employee Free Choice Act that would make it...
McAuliffe's Endorsement List Shortens | Washington Post
March 10, 2009 1:15 PM
Last month, gubernatorial candidate Terry McAuliffe unveiled a list of 14 party activists from across the state who endorsed him in the Democratic primary. But at least one of them never did. Anita Hartke,...
Senate GOP Wants Jeff Frederick Removed | Washington Post
March 10, 2009 1:06 PM
The GOP leaders in the state Senate have endorsed the effort to oust Del. Jeffrey M. Frederick (Prince William) as chairman of the Republican Party of Virginia. In a letter to Mike Thomas, vice chairman...
McDonnell Appears on Vietnamese TV | Washington Post
March 10, 2009 8:00 AM
Republican gubernatorial nominee Robert F. McDonnell is trying to make inroads in the state's Asian community through a series of meet-and-greet events. Check out this clip from SBTN, a Vietnamese station...
Lieutenant Governor Bill Bolling: Why the Feds Should Approve the Lease Sale Allowing Virginia to Mo | VirginiaTomorrow
March 10, 2009 4:20 AM
I am a strong supporter of the exploration and development of Virginia's offshore energy resources. I am convinced that this can be done safely and in an environmentally sensitive manner.
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Glucose is the chemical name of the sugar molecules in your blood. All the carbohydrates, starches, and sugars that you eat are digested or changed into glucose in your body. The amount of glucose in your blood at any given time is called blood glucose. It is important for your health to keep your blood glucose within a specific range.
If you have diabetes, you know how important a healthy diet is for managing your blood glucose levels. A healthy diet, along with medication and regular physical activity, can help keep your glucose levels in check. Following the glycemic index may be one way for you to achieve it.
Understanding the Glycemic Index
The glycemic index is an indirect measure of how much carbohydrate there is in a food. The glycemic index of a particular food is measured by how much it raises blood glucose levels compared to a reference food—usually glucose or white bread. A food with a high glycemic index raises blood glucose levels more than a food with a low glycemic index.
Determining the glycemic index of a food is not as easy as it sounds. Many factors come into play, like ripeness. For example, ripe bananas have a higher glycemic index than unripe. This is because sugar is produced as fruit ripens, making it sweeter. Other considerations include how a food is cooked or what else is eaten along with the food. Generally speaking, foods that are high in fiber have a lower glycemic index, and foods that are highly processed have a higher glycemic index.
Here is how some common foods compare:
The Glycemic Index and Diabetes
A lot of research has been done to determine if glycemic index is a useful tool for managing diabetes. So far, the evidence is weak that a low glycemic index diet reduces HbA1c (the measure of glucose levels over the past 2-3 months) or improves glucose level control. But that does not mean that the glycemic index is useless. There are still ways you can use the glycemic index to your advantage.
The glycemic index can be helpful in fine-tuning your food choices. For example, if you want to eat a high glycemic index food, like a ripe banana, balancing your meal with a low glycemic index food, like steel-cut oats, can help to keep your glucose levels in check. But monitoring the glycemic index of your food choices should not take the place of eating a variety of healthy foods. It is also important to remember that portion size plays a role in managing blood glucose.
Counting Carbs Instead
For most people with diabetes, the key to managing blood glucose is carbohydrate counting. Balancing your carbohydrate intake with physical activity and medication can keep your glucose levels under control. Together, counting carbs and monitoring glycemic index may be helpful in managing blood glucose. For instance, knowing how you respond to high or low glycemic index foods can help you plan your carbohydrate intake and avoid fluctuations in your blood glucose levels. Spreading your carbohydrate intake over the course of the day can also help keep your glucose levels steady.
Is the Glycemic Index for You?
Even though knowing the glycemic index of a food might help you predict how your blood glucose levels will respond, it may not be the answer to all your dietary questions. For one thing, the numbers listed above are not set in stone. The glycemic index of a food will be different for each person who eats it, based on their activity level, age, and how quickly the food is digested. Accounting for all these different factors can be complicated, and health professionals agree that patients are less likely to stick with complicated meal plans. So, while the glycemic index might be helpful, it probably will not be the only consideration. Consider discussing your concerns with your doctor or dietitian.
- Reviewer: Michael Woods, MD, FAAP
- Review Date: 05/2017 -
- Update Date: 05/08/2017 -

subset: commoncrawl


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Unlike ShoreTel's all-in-one, all-IP solution, the Avaya platforms have been adapted from legacy technology and assembled piecemeal. The result is a complex solution that can require extensive time and resources to manage. By contrast, the ShoreTel Unified Communications system was designed from the ground up expressly for IP to provide a single, all-in-one solution that integrates a full range of communications capabilities. The white paper walks you through direct apples-to-apples comparisons of different aspects of each solution, including:. Deployment and management. Redundancy and availability. Scalability and upgrades. Overall total cost of ownership (TCO). Customer satisfaction ratings The paper also demonstrates that ShoreTel UC offers numerous advantages that enable businesses to capitalize on the benefits of unified communications without adding costs or complexity.
TenStep, Inc. 2363 St. David's Square, Kennesaw, GA 30152 Phone: 877.536.8434 or 770.795.9097


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The Black Grouse
Review: The Black Grouse Blended Scotch Whisky 86/100
a review by Chip Dykstra (Aka Arctic Wolf)
Posted on October 7, 2010
(Revisited February, 2014)
The Black Grouse Blended Scotch Whisky is relatively new whisky from the makers of The Famous Grouse. The company has a history in Scotland reaching back in time to 1896 when Wine Merchants, Matthew Gloag and Son, first blended what they called their 'Grouse' Whisky. Over the next century The Famous Grouse would become one of the most popular brands of whisky in Scotland.
The Black Grouse is an offshoot of its popular cousin, The Famous Grouse, which is a blended whisky containing premium Single malts such as The Macallan and Highland Park. These single malts (as well as others in the blend) are married with a selection of fine grain whiskies in fully seasoned oak casks. The Black Grouse begins where The Famous Grouse ends, and is the result of a further blending of the Famous Grouse Whisky with Islay Malt Whiskies. The resulting whisky has a peated flavour profile with a reportedly dark smoky character.
As a side note, The Black Grouse, Tetrao tetrix, is a rare relative of Scotland's national game bird, the Red Grouse. When the new blend was launched, The Famous Grouse made a commitment to preserve this rare game bird by donating 50 pence from each bottle sold to the conservation efforts of The Black Grouse habitat.
This information is expanded upon on The Black Grouse Website.
In the Bottle 4/5
The Black Grouse whisky arrives in an attractive display box which has a nice balance of graphic design and useful information. I especially like that the box clearly identifies the whisky as one with a smoky, peaty character to serve as an invitation to those who like the peat and the smoke and a warning to those who do not.
The bottle presentation, shown on the left, is fine except for the annoying metal screw cap which crowns it. I remain firmly convinced these caps are inferior to plastic caps as they allow evaporation from the bottle to occur more easily and are subject to warping when the metal perforations must be broken to open the bottle the first time. I have been forced many times to find corks in lieu of these caps to preserve the whisky on my shelf.
In the Glass 8.5/10
When I poured the Black Grouse for the first time I was somewhat surprised by the light smoke and peat rising from the glass. I was expecting far more. This prejudice on my part was based upon the stereotype I carry in my mind for Islay Whisky. The facts (which I well know) are very different from the stereotype. Some Islay whiskies carry that overwhelming peat and smoke into dram, but many others have a much more gentle profile to offer. The nose of the Black Grouse, is indicative of the more gentle style. The peat is there to be sure, as well as a trailing smoke-filled with raisin and prune. But we also have a punchy caramel sweetness here as well which seems to invite us to explore further.
In the Mouth 52/60
The initial impression in my mouth is of beguiling sweetness coupled with a ribbon of soft smoke and organic peat. As I noted earlier, the peat and smoke are gentle rather than forceful. The sweetness manifests itself as a honeyed caramel. The smoke shows evidence of a sherry influence with dried fruit (raisins and prunes) and soft pops of cherries. The peat seems organic coming across as soft and chewy with a distinctive boggy taste.
The whisky also seems to presents a nice backdrop of woody spiciness, which enhances the flavour of the whisky but never becomes too sharp. I like the overall structure and balance which seems to have flavours which coexist nicely.
In the Throat 13/15
I like this just fine. The exit is long and smooth with a nice chocolate fade. There is perhaps one last punch of boggy peat at the end which bodes well for the winter days ahead.
The Afterburn 8.5/10
I could not help, as I was sampling The Black Grouse, to think that the blend could be raised from being very good to outstanding with a little more time spent in the barrel. All of the elements are there in the whisky except for the character that only longer time in oak can provide. My suggestion for The Black Grouse is to enjoy it as a dram to visit perhaps a little less frequently than your regular whisky. Let yourself be surprised and delighted by the beguiling sweetness, and the chocolate charcoal fade. But don't return so often that the whisky loses it special appeal.
You may read some of my other Whisky Reviews (click the link) if you wish to have some comparative reviews.
Suggested Recipes
I avoided discussing the mixabilty of this whisky earlier and that may have been a mistake. As this is a whisky that handles cocktail expressions in an outstanding manner. At a friend's suggestion, I made myself a Rusty Nail early in my tasting regimen. It was very tasty.
The official IBA formulation for the Rusty Nail is nine parts of Scotch Whisky to 5 parts of Drambuie. This is a rather awkward formulation, so Instead I will suggest a simple 2:1 formulation:
2 oz Black Grouse Scotch Whisky
1 oz Drambuie
lemon slice
First fill an 8 oz tumbler glass with crushed ice.
Add the Scotch Whisky and the Drambuie
Stir gently until a the outside of the glass frosts.
Garnish with a lemon slice.
Since the whisky works so well with Drambuie, I decided to try Amaretto next. The resulting Godfather I made was also a treat to my palate. Again, I found that the subdued peat and smoke of the Black grouse combined well with the sweetness of the Amaretto. The only change I made to my version of the cocktail was to lessen the sweetness a bit by using a little more Scotch than Amaretto (The normal ratio is 1:1).
The Black Grouse Godfather
1 1/2 oz Black Grouse Scotch whisky
1 oz Amaretto
Ice cubes
Lemon Slice
Place 2 or 3 large ice-cubes into an old-fashioned glass
Pour the Black Grouse Whisky and the Amaretto over the ice
Sir gently
Garnish with a lemon slice
My last cocktail expression was another Whisky and Amaretto drink this time lengthened with Ginger ale and enhanced with bitters. I call it The Black Cove.
The Black Cove
1 1/2 oz Black Grouse Scotch whisky
1 oz Amaretto
Ice cubes
Dash of Angostura bitters
Ginger Ale
Lemon Slice
Place 2 or 3 large ice-cubes into a Collins glass
Pour the Black Grouse Whisky and the Amaretto over the ice
Add a dash or two of bitters
Sir gently
Lengthen with Ginger ale
Garnish with a lemon slice
Please enjoy these cocktails as well as the Black Grouse Whisky responsibly, the aim of my blog is to help your drink better spirits not to help you drink more spirits.
* My Thanks to the Folks at Beam Global who provided the sample for this review.
As always you may interpret the scores I provide as follows.
0-25 A spirit with a rating this low would actually kill you.
26-49 Depending upon your fortitude you might actually survive this.
50 -59 You are safe to drink this…but you shouldn't.
60-69 Substandard swill which you may offer to people you do not want to see again.
70-74 Now we have a fair mixing rum or whisky. Accept this but make sure it is mixed into a cocktail.
75-79 You may begin to serve this to friends, again probably still cocktail territory.
80-84 We begin to enjoy this spirit neat or on the rocks. (I will still primarily mix cocktails)
85-89 Excellent for sipping or for mixing!
90-94 Definitely a primary sipping spirit, in fact you may want to hoard this for yourself.
95-97.5 The Cream of the Crop
98+ I haven't met this bottle yet…but I want to.
Very loosely we may put my scores into terms that you may be more familiar with on a Gold, Silver, and Bronze medal scale as follows:
70 – 79.5 Bronze Medal (Recommended only as a mixer)
80 – 89.5 Silver Medal (Recommended for sipping and or a high quality mixer)
90 – 95 Gold Medal (Highly recommended for sipping and for sublime cocktails.)
95.5+ Platinum Award (Highest Recommendation)
11 Responses to "The Black Grouse"
March 4, 2012 at 11:31 am
Hey Chip, decided to revisit this review to compare notes once I finally got to sample the Black Grouse for myself, as I remembered you had reviewed it and I made the comment recommending Black Bottle (which I still do!)
I was mighty impressed with the Black Grouse, especially since the Famous Grouse is so highly mediocre to me now. Quite refreshing, and an excellent choice if one wanted to make an Islay-based cocktail. Do you know which Islays make up the core of that component of this one? I was thinking hints of Bowmore, but little else in terms of distinct Islay malts.
Hope all's well.
January 26, 2012 at 12:27 pm
I really disliked the Black Grouse. Poorly integrated flavors almost like someone dumped in wood flavoring to an already cheap blend, not worth the money. I give this one a 6/10. If you want a cheap blended scotch try the Grant's Family Reserve. It is better than most of the cheap blends, but still is poor value compared to Canadian Whiskey. If $ 23.50 for Alberta Springs 10 year or $25.50 for Grant's Family or any other cheap blended Scotch which would you buy?
April 24, 2011 at 7:20 am
Hey Chip, been impressed by your Blog for a bit now, first time commenting. Have you ever sampled any Black Bottle offerings? It's a similar "philosophy" to the B. Grouse blend- A gentle and accessible taste of Islay…as well as an Excellent value for money. Keep up the good work! Cheers!
January 28, 2011 at 1:03 pm
In reply to Mike, the Famous Grouse is still available at the LCBO, and is in fact on sale until the end of the month. I'm really a novice whiskey drinker myself, especially when it comes to scotch, but I do love the relative complexity of blended scotch whskeys in comparison to canadian ones. I haven't tried any of the Grouse line yet, but I plan on going out today and picking up a bottle of the Famous version today, based on the evaluation of Chip. I don't have a very developed palate and judging from the value and popularity you guys are prescribing the drink, I look forward to tasting it. Thanks for the great reviews, if I like the Famous Grouse I'll be sure to pick up the Black sometime soon!
January 28, 2011 at 1:33 pm
Yes, the Famous Grouse blend is still available but the range of blended malts (12, 18, and 30 year old) have been dropped one by one. Which is too bad because where else will you find a 30 year old malt Scotch whisky for under $200?
In case you are wondering, blended malt differs from blended Scotch in that it does not contain grain whisky, only a mix of single malts. Therefore it is much closer to a single malt than a blend. Speaking of which, if you enjoy the complexity of blended Scotch just wait till you get into malts! Try to find Glendower Pure Malt if you can, for a good value. Also look for the Robert Burns Single Malt if you are on a budget. One need not spend big bucks to get a decent malt Scotch.
Finally, don't write off Canadian blends until you've tried some nice aged ones. They may not give you the same flavour as Scotch but something like Century Reserve 15 year old will give you superior body and smoothness compared to entry-level blended Scotch, which tend to be a little harsh due to their youth.
- January 28, 2011 at 1:33 pm
October 7, 2010 at 7:25 pm
I think the Black Grouse represents good value for money. I agree that it is not something most consumers would want to have as a daily drinker, but nice to have on the odd occasion when one desires a peat and smoke bonfire in the glass.
October 7, 2010 at 3:55 pm
Nice review of a very good whisky. It seems that any time a bottle indicates peat on the label unrealistic expectations result. Another good example is The Peat Monster. People want it to be the peatiest whisky ever while overlooking how good it actually is.
Black Grouse is a great value and it is too bad the the LCBO discontinued the Famous Grouse blended malt range.


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Motor Home Class B+ - Diesel
- 0 Photos
- Stock #: 15813
- Length: 24 ft 11 in
- Location: Souderton
- Sleeps up to 4
- 0 Photos
- Stock #: 16077
- Length: 24 ft 11 in
- Location: Souderton
- Sleeps up to 4
Fretz RV, Pennsylvania's Premier RV Dealer
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United States Population: 323,995,52818,688 VISITORS FROM HERE!
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|Britain's American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776 and were recognized as the new nation of the United States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783. During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65), in which a northern Union of states defeated a secessionist Confederacy of 11 southern slave states, and the Great Depression of the 1930s, an economic downturn during which about a quarter of the labor force lost its jobs. Buoyed by victories in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation state. Since the end of World War II, the economy has achieved relatively steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology.
World's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Denali (Mt. McKinley) is the highest point in North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent
|North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico
|Geographic coordinates:
| total: 9,833,517 sq km
land: 9,147,593 sq km
water: 685,924 sq km
note: includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia, no overseas territories (2010)
Size comparison: about half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; more than twice the size of the European Union
|Land Boundaries:
|total: 12,048 km border countries (2): Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,155 km note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary is 28.5 km
|19,924 km
|Maritime claims:
| territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: not specified
|mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains
|vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii
|Elevation extremes:
|Natural resources:
| coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber, arable land
note: the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world's total
|Land use:
| agricultural land: 44.5% arable land 16.8%; permanent crops 0.3%; permanent pasture 27.4% forest: 33.3%
other: 22.2% (2011 est.)
|Irrigated land:
|264,000 sq km (2012)
|Natural hazards:
|tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development volcanism: volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands, Western Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and in the Northern Mariana Islands; both Mauna Loa (elev. 4,170 m) in Hawaii and Mount Rainier (elev. 4,392 m) in Washington have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pavlof (elev. 2,519 m) is the most active volcano in Alaska's Aleutian Arc and poses a significant threat to air travel since the area constitutes a major flight path between North America and East Asia; St. Helens (elev. 2,549 m), famous for the devastating 1980 eruption, remains active today; numerous other historically active volcanoes exist, mostly concentrated in the Aleutian arc and Hawaii; they include: in Alaska: Aniakchak, Augustine, Chiginagak, Fourpeaked, Iliamna, Katmai, Kupreanof, Martin, Novarupta, Redoubt, Spurr, Wrangell; in Hawaii: Trident, Ugashik-Peulik, Ukinrek Maars, Veniaminof; in the Northern Mariana Islands: Anatahan; and in the Pacific Northwest: Mount Baker, Mount Hood
|Current Environment Issues:
|large emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural freshwater resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification
|International Environment Agreements:
| party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes
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| noun: American(s)
adjective: American
|Ethnic groups:
|white 79.96%, black 12.85%, Asian 4.43%, Amerindian and Alaska native 0.97%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.18%, two or more races 1.61% (July 2007 estimate) note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic to mean persons of Spanish/Hispanic/Latino origin including those of Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican, Dominican Republic, Spanish, and Central or South American origin living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group (white, black, Asian, etc.); about 15.1% of the total US population is Hispanic
|English 79.2%, Spanish 12.9%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 3.3%, other 0.9% (2011 est.) note: data represents the language spoken at home; the US has no official national language, but English has acquired official status in 31 of the 50 states; Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii
|Protestant 46.5%, Roman Catholic 20.8%, Mormon 1.6%, Jehovah's Witness 0.8%, other Christian 0.9%, Jewish 1.9%, Muslim 0.9%, Buddhist 0.7%, Hindu 0.7%, other 1.8%, unaffiliated 22.8%, don't know/refused 0.6% (2014 est.)
|323,995,528 (July 2016 est.)
|Age structure:
| 0-14 years: 18.84% (male 31,182,660/female 29,854,687)
15-24 years: 13.46% (male 22,360,342/female 21,252,215)
25-54 years: 39.6% (male 64,170,791/female 64,135,619)
55-64 years: 12.85% (male 20,081,837/female 21,536,994)
65 years and over: 15.25% (male 21,895,128/female 27,525,255) (2016 est.)
|Dependency ratios:
| total dependency ratio: 50.9%
youth dependency ratio: 28.6%
elderly dependency ratio: 22.3%
potential support ratio: 4.5% (2015 est.)
|Median age:
| total: 37.9 years
male: 36.6 years
female: 39.3 years (2016 est.)
|Population growth rate:
|0.81% (2016 est.)
|Birth rate:
|12.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Death rate:
|8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
|Net migration rate:
|3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
| urban population: 81.6% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 1.02% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
|Major urban areas - population:
|New York-Newark 18.593 million; Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana 12.31 million; Chicago 8.745 million; Miami 5.817 million; Dallas-Fort Worth 5.703 million; WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) 4.955 million (2015)
|Sex ratio:
| at birth: NA
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
|Mother's mean age at first birth:
|25.6 (2011 est.)
|Maternal mortality rate:
|14 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
|Infant mortality rate:
| total: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
|Life expectancy at birth:
| total population: 79.8 years male: 77.5 years
female: 82.1 years (2016 est.)
|Total fertility rate:
|1.87 children born/woman (2016 est.)
|Contraceptive prevalence rate:
|76.4% note: percent of women aged 15-44 (2006/10)
|Health expenditures:
|17.1% of GDP (2014)
|Physicians density:
|2.45 physicians/1,000 population (2011)
|Hospital bed density:
|2.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)
|Drinking water source:
| improved:
urban: 99.4% of population
rural: 98.2% of population
total: 99.2% of population
urban: 0.6% of population
rural: 1.8% of population
total: 0.8% of population (2015 est.)
|Sanitation facility access:
| improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
|HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
|35% (2014)
|Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
|0.5% (2012)
|Education expenditures:
|4.9% of GDP (2013)
|School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
| total: 17 years male: 16 years
female: 17 years (2014)
|Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
| total: 13.4% male: 14.5%
female: 12.2% (2014 est.)
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|Country name:
| conventional long form: United States of America
conventional short form: United States
abbreviation: US or USA
etymology: the name America is derived from that of Amerigo VESPUCCI (1454-1512), Italian explorer, navigator, and cartographer
|Government type:
|constitutional federal republic
| name: Washington, DC
geographic coordinates: 38 53 N, 77 02 W
time difference: UTC-5 (during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
note: the 50 United States cover six time zones
|Administrative divisions:
|50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
|Dependent areas:
|American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political entities: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994)
|4 July 1776 (declared); 3 September 1783 (recognized by Great Britain)
|National holiday:
|Independence Day, 4 July (1776)
|previous 1781 (Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union); latest drafted July - September 1787, submitted to the Congress of the Confederation 20 September 1787, submitted for states' ratification 28 September 1787, ratification completed by nine states 21 June 1788, effective 4 March 1789; amended many times, last in 1992 (2016)
|Legal system:
|common law system based on English common law at the federal level; state legal systems based on common law except Louisiana, which is based on Napoleonic civil code; judicial review of legislative acts
|18 years of age; universal
|Executive branch:
| chief of state: President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2017); Vice President Michael R. PENCE (since 20 January 2017); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2017); Vice President Michael R. PENCE (since 20 January 2017)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president, approved by the Senate elections/appointments: president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by the Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 10 November 2020)
election results: Donald J. TRUMP elected president; electoral vote count - Donald J. TRUMP (Republican Party) 304, Hillary D. CLINTON (Democratic Party) 227; percent of direct popular vote - Donald J. TRUMP 46%, Hillary D. CLINTON 48%, other 6%
|Legislative branch:
| description: bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats; 2 members directly elected in each of the 50 state constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia and Louisiana which require an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years) and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote except in Georgia which requires an absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 2-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 10 November 2020); House of Representatives - last held on 8 November 2016 (next to be held on 10 November 2020)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 46, Republican Party 52, independent 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 194, Republican Party 241 note: in addition to the regular members of the House of Representatives there are 6 non-voting delegates elected from the District of Columbia and the US territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands; these are single seat constituencies directly elected by simple majority vote to serve a 2-year term; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a "full floor" House vote; election of delegates last held on 4 November 2014 (next to be held on 1 November 2016)
|Judicial branch:
| highest court(s): US Supreme Court (consists of 9 justices - the chief justice and 8 associate justices) judge selection and term of office: president nominates and, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints Supreme Court justices; justices appointed for life
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (includes the US Court of Appeal for the Federal District and 12 regional appeals courts); 94 federal district courts in 50 states and territories note: the US court system consists of the federal court system and the state court systems; although each court system is responsible for hearing certain types of cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact
|Political parties and leaders:
|Democratic Party [Interim Chairperson Donna BRAZILE] Green Party [collective leadership] Libertarian Party [Nicholas SARWARK] Republican Party [Reince PRIEBUS]
|Political pressure groups and leaders:
|other: environmentalists; business groups; labor unions; churches; ethnic groups; political action committees or PACs; health groups; education groups; civic groups; youth groups; transportation groups; agricultural groups; veterans groups; women's groups; reform lobbies
|International organization participation:
|ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), ANZUS, APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAPC, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNSC (permanent), UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
|National symbol(s):
|bald eagle; national colors: red, white, blue
|National anthem:
| name: "The Star-Spangled Banner"
lyrics/music: Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITH
note: adopted 1931; during the War of 1812, after witnessing the successful American defense of Fort McHenry in Baltimore following British naval bombardment, Francis Scott KEY wrote the lyrics to what would become the national anthem; the lyrics were set to the tune of "The Anacreontic Song"; only the first verse is sung
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The US has the most technologically powerful economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $54,800. US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, pharmaceuticals, and medical, aerospace, and military equipment; however, their advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II. Based on a comparison of GDP measured at Purchasing Power Parity conversion rates, the US economy in 2014, having stood as the largest in the world for more than a century, slipped into second place behind China, which has more than tripled the US growth rate for each year of the past four decades. In the US, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and the federal and state governments buy needed goods and services predominantly in the private marketplace. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. At the same time, businesses face higher barriers to enter their rivals' home markets than foreign firms face entering US markets. Long-term problems for the US include stagnation of wages for lower-income families, inadequate investment in deteriorating infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, energy shortages, and sizable current account and budget deficits. The onrush of technology has been a driving factor in the gradual development of a "two-tier" labor market in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. But the globalization of trade, and especially the rise of low-wage producers such as China, has put additional downward pressure on wages and upward pressure on the return to capital. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. Since 1996, dividends and capital gains have grown faster than wages or any other category of after-tax income. Imported oil accounts for nearly 55% of US consumption and oil has a major impact on the overall health of the economy. Crude oil prices doubled between 2001 and 2006, the year home prices peaked; higher gasoline prices ate into consumers' budgets and many individuals fell behind in their mortgage payments. Oil prices climbed another 50% between 2006 and 2008, and bank foreclosures more than doubled in the same period. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. Because the US economy is energy-intensive, falling oil prices since 2013 have alleviated many of the problems the earlier increases had created. The sub-prime mortgage crisis, falling home prices, investment bank failures, tight credit, and the global economic downturn pushed the US into a recession by mid-2008. GDP contracted until the third quarter of 2009, making this the deepest and longest downturn since the Great Depression. To help stabilize financial markets, the US Congress established a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in October 2008. The government used some of these funds to purchase equity in US banks and industrial corporations, much of which had been returned to the government by early 2011. In January 2009, Congress passed and President Barack OBAMA signed a bill providing an additional $787 billion fiscal stimulus to be used over 10 years - two-thirds on additional spending and one-third on tax cuts - to create jobs and to help the economy recover. In 2010 and 2011, the federal budget deficit reached nearly 9% of GDP. In 2012, the Federal Government reduced the growth of spending and the deficit shrank to 7.6% of GDP. US revenues from taxes and other sources are lower, as a percentage of GDP, than those of most other countries. Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan required major shifts in national resources from civilian to military purposes and contributed to the growth of the budget deficit and public debt. Through 2014, the direct costs of the wars totaled more than $1.5 trillion, according to US Government figures. In March 2010, President OBAMA signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a health insurance reform that was designed to extend coverage to an additional 32 million Americans by 2016, through private health insurance for the general population and Medicaid for the impoverished. Total spending on healthcare - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010. In July 2010, the president signed the DODD-FRANK Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, a law designed to promote financial stability by protecting consumers from financial abuses, ending taxpayer bailouts of financial firms, dealing with troubled banks that are "too big to fail," and improving accountability and transparency in the financial system - in particular, by requiring certain financial derivatives to be traded in markets that are subject to government regulation and oversight. In December 2012, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. In late 2013, the Fed announced that it would begin scaling back long-term bond purchases to $75 billion per month in January 2014 and further reduce them as conditions warranted; the Fed ended the purchases during the summer of 2014. In 2014, the unemployment rate dropped to 6.2%, and continued to fall to 5.5% by mid-2015, the lowest rate of joblessness since before the global recession began; inflation stood at 1.7%, and public debt as a share of GDP continued to decline, following several years of increases. In December 2015, the Fed raised its target for the benchmark federal funds rate by 0.25%, the first increase since the recession began, but the Fed has opted to hold the target rate steady at 0.25%-0.5% through the first three quarters of 2016, with US GDP growth falling below 2% in each of those quarters.
|GDP (purchasing power parity):
| GDP (purchasing power parity): $18.56 trillion (2016 est.) $18.27 trillion (2015 est.) $17.81 trillion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|GDP (official exchange rate):
|GDP (official exchange rate): $18.56 trillion (2015 est.)
|GDP - real growth rate:
|1.6% (2016 est.) 2.6% (2015 est.) 2.4% (2014 est.)
|GDP - per capita (PPP):
| GDP - per capita (PPP): $57,300 (2016 est.) $56,800 (2015 est.) $55,800 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
|Gross national saving:
|17.6% of GDP (2016 est.) 19.1% of GDP (2015 est.) 19.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
|GDP - composition, by end use:
| household consumption: 68.6%
government consumption: 17.7%
investment in fixed capital: 15.9%
investment in inventories: 0.5%
exports of goods and services: 12%
imports of goods and services: -14.7% (2016 est.)
|GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
| household consumption: 68.6%
government consumption: 17.7%
investment in fixed capital: 15.9%
investment in inventories: 0.5%
exports of goods and services: 12%
imports of goods and services: -14.7% (2016 est.)
|Agriculture - products:
|wheat, corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish; forest products
|highly diversified, world leading, high-technology innovator, second-largest industrial output in the world; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining
|Industrial production growth rate:
|2.1% (2016 est.)
|Labor force:
|158.6 million note: includes unemployed (2016 est.)
|Labor force - by occupation:
| farming, forestry, and fishing: 0.7% manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts: 20.3% managerial, professional, and technical: 37.3% sales and office: 24.2% other
services: 17.6% note: figures exclude the unemployed (2009)
|Unemployment rate:
|4.7% (2016 est.) 5.3% (2015 est.)
|Population below poverty line:
|15.1% (2010 est.)
|Household income or consumption by percentage share:
| lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 30% (2007 est.)
|Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|45 (2007) 40.8 (1997)
| revenues: $3.363 trillion
expenditures: $3.893 trillion note: for the US, revenues exclude social contributions of approximately $1.0 trillion; expenditures exclude social benefits of approximately $2.3 trillion (2016 est.)
|Taxes and other revenues:
|18.1% of GDP note: excludes contributions for social security and other programs; if social contributions were added, taxes and other revenues would amount to approximately 22% of GDP (2016 est.)
|Public debt:
| 73.8% of GDP (2016 est.) 73.6% of GDP (2015 est.)
note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as "Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the dat
|Fiscal year:
|1 October - 30 September
|Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.3% (2016 est.) 0.1% (2015 est.)
|Current account balance:
|-$469.4 billion (2016 est.) -$463 billion (2015 est.)
|$1.471 trillion (2016 est.) $1.51 trillion (2015 est.)
|Exports - commodities:
|agricultural products (soybeans, fruit, corn) 9.2%, industrial supplies (organic chemicals) 26.8%, capital goods (transistors, aircraft, motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment) 49.0%, consumer goods (automobiles, medicines) 15.0% (2008 est.)
|Exports - partners:
|Canada 18.6%, Mexico 15.7%, China 7.7%, Japan 4.2% (2015)
|$2.205 trillion (2016 est.) $2.273 trillion (2015 est.)
|Imports - commodities:
|agricultural products 4.9%, industrial supplies 32.9% (crude oil 8.2%), capital goods 30.4% (computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery), consumer goods 31.8% (automobiles, clothing, medicines, (2008 est.)
|Imports - partners:
|China 21.5%, Canada 13.2%, Mexico 13.2%, Japan 5.9%, Germany 5.5% (2015)
|Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|$117.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $130.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
|Debt - external:
|$17.91 trillion (31 March 2016 est.) $17.85 trillion (31 March 2015 est.) note: approximately 4/5ths of US external debt is denominated in US dollars; foreign lenders have been willing to hold US dollar denominated debt instruments because they view the dollar as the world's reserve currency
|Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
|$3.648 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.28 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
|$5.566 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $5.269 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
|Market value of publicly traded shares:
|$25.07 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) $26.33 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) $24.03 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)
|Exchange rates:
|British pounds per US dollar: 0.7391 (2016 est.), 0.6542 (2015 est.), 0.607 (2014 est), 0.6391 (2013 est.), 0.6324 (2012 est.) Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1.331 (2016 est.), 1.2788 (2015 est.), 1.1047 (2014 est.), 1.0298 (2013 est.), 0.9992 (2012 est.) Chinese yuan per US dollar: 6.626 (2016 est.) 6.2275 (2015 est.), 6.1434 (2014 est.), 6.1958 (2013 est.), 6.3123 (2012 est.) euros per US dollar: 0.9214 (2016 est.), 0.885 (2015 est.), 0.7525 (2014 est.), 0.7634 (2013 est.), 0.7752 (2012 est.) Japanese yen per US dollar: 107.1 (2016 est.), 121.02 (2015 est.), 105.86 (2014 est.), 97.44 (2013 est.), 79.79 (2012 est.)
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|Electricity - production:
|4.103 trillion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - consumption:
|3.913 trillion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - exports:
|13 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - imports:
|67 billion kWh (2014 est.)
|Electricity - installed generating capacity:
|1.075 billion kW (2014 est.)
|Electricity - from fossil fuels:
|73.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
|9.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
|7.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Electricity - from other renewable sources:
|7.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
|Crude oil - production:
|9.415 million bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - exports:
|1.162 million bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - imports:
|8.567 million bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Crude oil - proved reserves:
|36.52 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es)
|Refined petroleum products - production:
|19.89 million bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - consumption:
|19.53 million bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - exports:
|3.102 million bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Refined petroleum products - imports:
|881,100 bbl/day (2015 est.)
|Natural gas - production:
|766.2 billion cu m (2015 est.)
|Natural gas - consumption:
|773.2 billion cu m (2015 est.)
|Natural gas - exports:
|42.87 billion cu m (2014 est.)
|Natural gas - imports:
|76.96 billion cu m (2015 est.)
|Natural gas - proved reserves:
|10.44 trillion cu m (1 January 2015 es)
|Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
|5.402 billion Mt (2013 est.)
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|Cellular Phones in use:
|total: 382.307 million subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 119 (July 2015 est.)
|Telephone system:
| general assessment: a large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system
domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country
international: country code - 1; multiple ocean cable systems provide international connectivity; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2015)
|Broadcast media:
|4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV station (2008)
|Internet country code:
|Internet users:
|total: 239.58 million percent of population: 74.6% (July 2015 est.)
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|13,513 (2013)
|Airports (paved runways):
| total 5,054
over 3,047 m: 189
2,438 to 3,047 m: 235
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1,478
914 to 1,523 m: 2,249
under 914 m: 903 (2013)
|Airports (unpaved runways):
| total 8,459
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 140
914 to 1,523 m: 1,552
under 914 m: 6,760 (2013)
|5,287 (2013)
|natural gas 1,984,321 km; petroleum products 240,711 km (2013)
|total: 293,564.2 km standard gauge: 293,564.2 km 1.435-m gauge (2014)
| total 6,586,610 km
paved: 4,304,715 km (includes 76,334 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,281,895 km (2012)
|41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce; Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, is shared with Canada) (2012)
|Merchant marine:
| total 393
by type: barge carrier 6, bulk carrier 55, cargo 51, carrier 2, chemical tanker 30, container 84, passenger 18, passenger/cargo 56, petroleum tanker 35, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 27, vehicle carrier 26
foreign-owned: 85 (Australia 1, Bermuda 5, Denmark 31, France 4, Germany 5, Malaysia 2, Norway 17, Singapore 16, UK 4)
registered in other countries: 794 (Antigua and Barbuda 7, Australia 2, Bahamas 109, Belgium 1, Bermuda 26, Canada 10, Cayman Islands 57, Comoros 2, Cyprus 5, Georgia 1, Greece 8, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 44, Indonesia 2, Ireland 2, Isle of Man 1, Italy 23, Liberia 53, Malta 34, Marshall Isla (2010)
|Ports and terminals:
| cargo ports (tonnage): Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Plaquemines, Tampa, Texas City container port(s) (TEUs): Hampton Roads (1,918,029), Houston (1,866,450), Long Beach (6,061,091), Los Angeles (7,940,511), New York/New Jersey (5,503,485), Oakland (2,342,504), Savannah (2,944,678), Seattle (2,033,535)(2011)
cruise departure ports (passengers): Miami (2,032,000), Port Everglades (1,277,000), Port Canaveral (1,189,000), Seattle (430,000), Long Beach (415,000) (2009)
oil terminals: LOOP terminal, Haymark terminal LNG terminal(s) (import): Cove Point (MD), Elba Island (GA), Everett (MA), Freeport (TX), Golden Pass (TX), Hackberry (LA), Lake Charles (LA), Neptune (offshore), Northeast Gateway (offshore), Pascagoula (MS), Sabine Pass (TX) LNG terminal(s) (export): Kenai (AK)
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|Military branches:
|United States Armed Forces: US Army, US Navy (includes Marine Corps), US Air Force, US Coast Guard; note - Coast Guard administered in peacetime by the Department of Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy (2015)
|Military service age and obligation:
|18 years of age (17 years of age with parental consent) for male and female voluntary service; no conscription; maximum enlistment age 42 (Army), 27 (Air Force), 34 (Navy), 28 (Marines); 8-year service obligation, including 2-5 years active duty (Army), 2 years active (Navy), 4 years active (Air Force, Marines); DoD is eliminating prohibitions restricting women from assignments in units smaller than brigades or near combat units (2013)
|Military expenditures:
|4.35% of GDP (2012) 4.75% of GDP (2011) 4.35% of GDP (2010)
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|Transnational Issues
|Disputes - International:
|the US has intensified domestic security measures and is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico, to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, and commodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall in recent years along much of the Mexico-US border region has ameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; The Bahamas and US have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other states; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island among the islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution
|Refugees and internally displaced persons:
|refugees (country of origin): 16,370 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); the US admitted 84,995 refugees during FY2016 including: 12,587 (Syria); 12,347 (Burma); 9,880 (Iraq); 9,020 (Somalia); 5,817 (Bhutan); 3,750 (Iran)
|Illicit drugs:
|world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center
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Source: CIA - The World Factbook


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It takes a lot of things to keep a successful office running. Talented employees are key, but they're going to need a little help. Put the finishing touches on the office with office décor items from Sam's Club.
Each employee needs certain tools to do their job properly. In an office, that means desk accessories. Choose from a wide variety of desk organizers, trays, sorters, desk sets and more. Employees will appreciate the high quality, stylish desk accessories and the company will appreciate the low prices.
It goes without saying that any office needs proper lighting. Sam's Club has various office lighting options from chandeliers for your lobby or conference room, to sconces and other light fixtures for desks, offices and walkways. You'll find many different styles and sizes to choose from to match any office décor.
It's hard to talk around the water cooler if there isn't one. It's important to have cold and hot water available and Sam's Club makes it easy with water dispensers. 3-temperature water coolers allow you to enjoy hot, cool and cold water instantly. You can also pick up 4 gallon bottles of water and even a bottle rack so you'll always have fresh water on hand.
Add to your office décor with clocks and frames for the walls. Select a stylish coat rack for jackets and umbrellas or pick up a suggestion box so employees and/or customers can offer their opinions. You'll even find plaques and certificates that can be used as employee awards for a job well done.
Get everything you need for the office all in one place. Sam's Club has great deals on everything on your list. Start shopping today.


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Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. Instead of going from top to bottom in a relatively straight line, a spine with scoliosis may appear to have a side-to-side "S-shaped" or "C-shaped" curve. Mild degrees of scoliosis won't cause you any problems. However, more severe cases of scoliosis can result in pain, weakness, and low self-esteem because of obvious cosmetic deformity. Very severe scoliosis may cause heart and lung problems if those organs are overly cramped in an abnormally shaped chest cavity.
Children may also have kyphosis, which is an abnormal forward curve, usually the upper back.
Most cases of scoliosis begin when a child is around 8-10 years old with gradual progression of the abnormal curvature as they continue to grow. However, it can present at any age, including newborns.
There are several types and classifications of scoliosis.
Structural scoliosis occurs because of a vertebral body defect. Classification of structural scoliosis is based on the cause of the defect:
- Congenital—occurs during fetal development and is usually present at birth
- Syndromic—occurs as a result of an underlying health condition that affects the nerves, muscles, or bones in the back and spine
- Idiopathic—occurs without a specific cause, but is likely due to a combination of multiple genetic factors
They may also be classified by age at onset as congenital, infant, juvenile, or adolescent.
Functional scoliosis is the result of an underlying condition that affects the alignment of the spine due to muscle imbalances, differing leg lengths, or other health conditions that cause the muscles to tense and spasm.
This type of scoliosis can be reversed by treating the underlying condition.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Michael Woods, MD, FAAP
- Review Date: 05/2017 -
- Update Date: 12/20/2014 -


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- Model Measurements: Height 5'10", Waist 25", Hips 36"
- Size Guide
The designers at Tolani combine elements of traditional cultures and blended with the modern design elements to create elegant and fun to wear products. They are committed to producing cutting edge design and the highest quality handcrafted clothing.
If an item you would like to purchase is out of stock, you can place a Special Order Inquiry. REVOLVE will then check the availability and obtain an approximate arrival date for the item, if available. Typically, it takes up to 3-4 weeks to verify this information.
Placing a Special Order Inquiry is absolutely free and there is no obligation to follow through with a purchase.
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Acadian-Cajun / French-Canadian Boutique > FRANCOIS to KIROUAC Surname Products > GUEDRY Family Crest > GUEDRY Acadian Crest Magnet
This GUEDRY shop features products ranging from messenger bags to house wares, to appeal young and old. Choose from a large selection of GUEDRY gifts such as t-shirts, mugs, hats & so much more!
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Click done if you're happy with the way it looks.


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How many people, other than everyone I know, are annoyed with the music restaurants and many retailers play?
I don't understand why the management of these public places do not comprehend that when we are trying to relax and eat and have conversation or shop and talk, we do not want to compete with a radio (or TV), particularly when it is tuned to music where people are singing and commercials we don't want to hear.
Have some common sense. If I have to talk loudly to hear myself, repeat my order to the waitress, or have others nearby hear my personal conversation, it's too loud.
This is particularly a problem at any larger event venue, you spend the whole afternoon screaming to hear each other. Who needs music when there's thousands of people and noise?
Do you want our business or not? I left a few places because of this issue, and some restaurants I won't go back to.
How about music, and no lyrics, like [gasp] classical or light jazz?
Listen to what you want at home and in your car, but in a public place, it should be appropriate for all ages, relaxing and inviting.
You want us to enjoy our stay and come back, do you not?


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up! GTI
The arrival of the up! GTI is an event designed to send excitement levels in one direction. Up. Autocar say it "comes across as a fizzing, willing, compelling proposition" (January 2018).
The latest model delivers 0-62 in 8.8 secs. An acceleration figure that comes virtue of a 115PS 1-litre, 3-cylinder turbocharged engine that produces greater downforce on the rear axle.
What's more, the model comes equipped with 17" 'Oswald' alloy wheels, a 6-speed gearbox and a composition radio system. The interior includes a Composition radio system, 5" colour screen and smartphone connectivity via Bluetooth.
Discover why the latest model in the iconic GTI family is getting excitement levels rising. Book a test drive today.


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More House Republicans Support DOMA Repeal
Another Republican joins the ranks of those supporting a bill to repeal the Defense of Marriage Act.
Rep. Charles Bass of New Hampshire has just become the second House Republican within the last week to co-sponsor the Respect for Marriage Act, a bill that will be reintroduced in the House next year, according to the Advocate.
He joins Rep. Richard Hanna of New York, who pledged support for the bill last week, and Florida Congressman Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen.
"With Congressman Charlie Bass' announcement that he will be the 160th cosponsor of the Respect for Marriage Act in the 112th Congress, we add another Republican supporter for repealing the so-called Defense of Marriage Act," Jo Deutsch, federal director for Freedom to Marry told the Advocate.
"Whether in Washington, DC and the halls of Congress or in his home state of New Hampshire, Congressman Bass is a strong voice for what is fair and right. We are thrilled to have Congressman Bass join Congressmembers Ileana Ros-Lehtinen and Richard Hanna as Republicans who support the Respect for Marriage Act. We look forward to more Republicans supporting the freedom to marry in the new Congress."
DOMA is a 1996 law that defines marriage as a union between a man and a woman, thus depriving gay couples of the rights and privileges granted to heterosexual couples, like filing tax returns together and maintaining estate rights after widowing.
Originally introduced in 2011 in the Senate by Senator Dianne Feinstein, the Respect for Marriage Act was killed in the House. Legislators hope the new-found shift in attitudes, as seen in the last election, will be enough to pass the bill in the next legislative session.
"I think he wants to be on the right side of his history," Kathryn Lehman, a lesbian Republican lobbyist working on the repeal effort, said of Bass.
"His state has marriage, and the Republicans control the House and Senate in New Hampshire. I think he wants to show solidarity with his state and I think he just thinks it's the right thing to do."


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1 Cheers to
the first group of people inducted into the Lake of the Ozarks Shootout Hall of Fame. Without your work, we couldn't enjoy such a great lake tradition.
2 Cheers to
the hundreds of people who raised thousands of dollars for Relay for Life at the "What's your color 5K"
3 Cheers to
Morgan County R-II school administrators, who, despite losing a bid to upgrade technology, are looking to upgrade on their own.
1 Jeers to
the fools who led police on a dangerous chase from Camdenton to Buffalo last week. The chase not only endangered officers but minors who were in the car.
2 Jeers to
Camden County Planning and Zoning for fudging of rule enforcement. We don't know how long this has truly been a problem, but it's time to find consistency. The non-enforcement of rules at Paradise has upset neighbors while the over-enforcement of minutia threatens Sugarloaf Winery.


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New England Patriots Men's #5 Danny Etling Game White Road Football Jersey
I remember Kawabata Yasunari before reading the "snow country", the dream
echoed the warmth of that woman in kimono, and journeying to the flower market
to buy a strain of cherry, also looking forward to the day Ruxia clouds can
reflect the roof of my house.
Who would like a few days, that flower actually died. The farmer listened to me and smiled slightly. "How can cherry blossom be raised? It has its own seed."
At that moment, I suddenly enlightenment, the original world everything is none other than that, can only be suitable for their own out of a bustling, or Health and not easy, and how to spend the colorful, colorful?
Sezinger "Catcher on the wheat fields" all the rage, the streets wearing a cap wearing a trench coat more young people up; Goethe in order to comfort their own book published in the United States and the United States, , Suicide has become a fashion. When the trend of fashion swept the world, when the clamor and the tide came flooding, do you have enough courage and self-confidence, stick to their own, looking for a suitable for their own way?
Die Yi Pianpian, these elves know how to avoid candlelight, do not do that moth fire, but enjoy their own dark. We should do the same. The ancients poem: "deep kind of superficial species of rice, not deep not shallow lotus." This will be well versed in human way. Where the kinds of rhinoceros rice and how to place our mind was originally a reason. Big times of noise and commotion had nothing to do with you, you only keep a pool lotus, self-preservation of a tree cool, they are contented, would not fast zai?


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ANN ARBOR, Mich. - Trey Burke scored a season-high 29 points and freshman Glen Robinson III matched a career high with 21 to help No. 4 Michigan bounce back from an embarrassing defeat with a 79-71 victory over Penn State on Sunday.
The Wolverines (22-4, 9-4 Big Ten) had dropped three of their previous four games, including a 23-point loss Tuesday night at No. 8 Michigan State, and needed a half to shake off their slump. Michigan trailed for much of the first 20 minutes against a last-place team without a conference win.
The Nittany Lions (8-17, 0-13) led by as many as eight in the first half. They went ahead 7-plus minutes into the game and had the lead until Burke made a game-tying, off-balance fadeaway with 55 seconds left in the first half.
Michigan scored the first six points after halftime to take control. Freshman Nik Stauskas scored 18, giving the Wolverines the third scoring option they needed to avoid an upset.
Penn State's Jermaine Marshall and Sasa Borovnjak each scored 17 points.
No. 9 ARIZONA 68, UTAH 64 SALT LAKE CITY - Mark Lyons scored 18 points, freshman Brandon Ashley added 10 in a reserve role and Arizona defeated Utah to snap a two-game skid.
Arizona led by as many as 13 early in the second half only to see the Utes respond with a 14-3 run to tie it at 51 with 7:28 remaining on Jason Washburn's tip-in.
A 3-pointer by Dakarai Tucker pulled Utah within two with 4:46 left, but a putback by Kevin Parrom and a layup by Lyons helped seal it for the Wildcats (21-4, 9-4 Pac-12), who were coming off their worst loss of the season.
Jarred DuBois had 16 points, Washburn 15 and Jeremy Olsen 12 for the Utes (11-14, 3-10), who have yet to win back-to-back conference games since joining the Pac-12 two years ago.
No. 12 LOUISVILLE 59, SOUTH FLORIDA 41
TAMPA, Fla. - Russ Smith scored 15 points and Louisville stayed within a game of first place in the Big East with a lopsided victory over South Florida.
Smith, Wayne Blackshear and Kevin Ware did all the scoring for the Cardinals during a 22-3 run in the first half. Smith finished with six rebounds and four assists for Louisville (21-5, 9-4), which has won four of five.
Blackshear's 3-pointer tied it 11-all with 12:58 left in the first half and launched the decisive rally. Smith scored the final seven points of the spurt, which left the Cardinals with a 30-14 lead.
JaVontae Hawkins' 3-pointer provided USF's only points in a 9-minute span. Jawanza Poland scored 11 points for the Bulls (10-15, 1-12), who shot 24.5 percent and lost their eighth straight.
No. 20 WISCONSIN 71, No. 13 OHIO STATE 49
MADISON, Wis. - Ben Brust and Jared Berggren each scored 15 points as Wisconsin routed Ohio State.
Sam Dekker came off the bench to score 13 for the Badgers (18-8, 9-4 Big Ten), and Traevon Jackson added 10.
DeShaun Thomas led the Buckeyes (18-7, 8-5) with 18 points.
The win kept Wisconsin tied with Michigan for third in the conference, two games behind leaders Indiana and Michigan State. Ohio State dropped into fifth place.
Wisconsin put Ohio State in a hole early and never let the Buckeyes climb out of it. They started the game 3 for 18 from the field and could not get into a rhythm.
The Badgers took control with an 18-0 run in the first half that lasted more than 7 minutes and put them up 24-6. Wisconsin led by as many as 26 in the second half.
The 17-point halftime deficit was Ohio State's largest since March 2007 against Tennessee.


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Firefighters who responded to a house and brush fire near Lake Lure Thursday wrapped up a 26-hour operation at 4:30 p.m. Friday after extinguishing hot spots.
Firefighters who responded to a house and brush fire near Lake Lure Thursday wrapped up a 26-hour operation at 4:30 p.m. Friday after extinguishing hot spots.
A house more than 100 years old burned to the ground, and six acres were set ablaze. Sarah Lawter, who lived in the home at 361 Lake Lure Highway for decades, lost nearly everything.
The American Red Cross of Henderson County is assisting Lawter, and can be reached at 828-693-5605.
The fire began in an old, faulty clothes dryer that caught aflame and quickly spread to a wall in the kitchen on the other side of the dryer. The fire had engulfed the home, built in 1888, according to county deed records, by the time firefighters arrived shortly after 2 p.m. Thursday.
As firefighters worked to extinguish the fire, flames spread to the hillside behind the house and started to work their way up the mountain.
Highway 74 was blocked as firefighters from at least nine agencies fought the flames. A North Carolina Forest Service helicopter from Hickory flew into join the fight, carrying buckets of water dipped from Lake Lure to quench the fire.
N.C. Forest Service Ranger Roger Harris said they kept people at the scene through the night to monitor the fire. Crews returned in the morning to continue mopping up hot spots and were not dismissed until 4:30 p.m.
Harris said the fire, "in a very bad location," could have been much worse with the rock cliffs above it and the acres beyond it had they not worked hard to make sure the blaze was truly smothered.
Reach Weaver at email@example.com or 828-694-7867.


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One of my favorite things to eat when I was living in China was Cōng Yóu Bǐng – Chinese Scallion Pancakes. I would wake up nice and early and head down to the campus dining hall to get these, and about 4 large glasses of freshly brewed soy milk. Nothing, and I mean nothing compares to freshly brewed soy milk. I would buy four, drink one, and put the other three in my fridge and enjoy them throughout the rest of the day. I had to get there early because the few days I didn't, both the cōng yóu bǐng and the soy milk were long gone. On those days I opted for freshly made won ton soup (yes that was breakfast, and pretty different from what we get here in the US).
These pancakes, were beyond delicious and cut like pizza slices. I've been wanting to try to make them gluten-free for the past few years but never got around to trying it. Last weekend however, I was craving these like crazy. I'm not going to lie, they aren't exactly like the ones in China – and I'm not sure if they will ever be but I'm okay with that. These are close and I enjoyed them quite a bit. Isn't that what really matters? So below, is my take on one of my favorite dishes…
Chinese Scallion Pancakes – Cōng Yóu Bǐng
1 1/2 cups gluten-free all-purpose flour (I used Silvana Nardone's Blend, page 15 from her cookbook 'Cooking with Isaiah')
1 1/2 – 2 tablespoons sweet white rice flour
3/4 teaspoon xanthan gum (if your all purpose flour blend already has this, just omit)
3/4 cup warm water – added slowly
3 tablespoons oil (preferably peanut, but canola or other neutral flavor oil would work)
1 teaspoon sesame oil
1/4 cup diced scallions, white and green parts
salt – to taste
In a medium bowl combine all-purpose flour, sweet white rice flour, xanthan gum (if needed), and a pinch of salt. Make a well in the middle of the flour and slowly add the warm water (you may not need all of the water).
Mix with a wooden spoon until a ball starts to form. Kneed in bowl for until dough is nice and soft. Cover with a damp towel and let rest for 30 minutes.
In a small bowl mix together peanut (or alternative oil) and sesame oil and set aside.
Lightly dust a working surface with all-purpose flour and cut ball of dough into four even wedges. Remove one wedge and cover the remaining three with damp towel. You can either leave the dough the size that it is or you can cut it into smaller portions. Either way, the remaining directions are exactly the same.
Lightly dust the top of the dough with some all-purpose flour and roll dough out into a 5-6 inch circle. Brush the surface with the oil mixture, sprinkle with salt and scallion slices. Roll circle up (or if you can't without it ripping, just do the best you can, roll it back into a ball and then roll out again), twist, and pinch together. Roll out again into a 5-6 inch circle, brush again with oil mixture and place in a non stick skillet. If needed add 1/4-1/2 teaspoon of oil to the pan. Cook about 3-4 minutes until you see light browning and bubbles forming. Brush the other side with oil mixture and flip over to repeat the cooking process.
Remove from pan and cut into two or four pieces, or leave whole and rip pieces off as you wish.
Repeat with remaining wedges of dough.
Best if eaten right away – but can be warmed up in an oven set to 300-350° for 5-10 minutes.
Serve with a Ginger Dipping Sauce
1/4 cup soy sauce
1/8 cup rice wine vinegar
1 teaspoon brown sugar
1/4 teaspoon or a pinch of red pepper flakes
1/8 cup sliced scallions
1/4 teaspoon minced ginger
Mix all ingredients together – can be made several hours ahead of time.


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Moolicious. And temporarily free.
Twitter apps are like shoes—everyone has their favorite and there is tons of variety out there. The client glƏƏk! has been quite popular lately what with its unique design and more rare features like "Extras", "glƏƏks", "pƏƏks". But what if those distinctive add-ons are just not your thang?
Enter in Cowlick! It's light in a few ways: for one, it is light themed and two, it doesn't have those aforementioned features. Instead, you're left with just a really robust and awesome Twitter client.
What makes Cowlick! fun is the humor found within the design and settings—it basically has a personality. Whether it's "the Verge" setting (blames Twitter errors on Microsoft), font size selection ("Normal for 'Normal People'), the app feels quite fresh.
Sure, your other features are there too: multiple account support, inline images, search, auto-contact fill, font effects, shrink URLs…it's all onboard. So it's not lite on features by any means.
Oh and did we mention it's free for the next "few days"? It is, so that means if you should go and download it "lock in" that price for future updates. Speaking of, if you notice on page transitions the screen momentarily flickers to black, no worries. That was a small oversight and will be addressed in the already submitted version 1.1 update due out soon.
What else is there to say? Cows are cool and so is Cowlick! by Liquid Daffodil. Grab it here in the Windows Phone Store and let us know in comments what you think (the devs are listening). And don't forget about the other recent and interesting LD app, Cumulotweetus.


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Louis Vuitton Monogram Keepall 55 Boston Bag Authentic Pre Owned
This item is no longer available
Authenticity code: Louis Vuitton MI9001
Authentic: Pre Owned
This authentic Louis Vuitton Keepall 55 Boston is perfect to travel in style. Its classic monogram LV canvas and a timeless shape create the most comfortable lightweight and roomy bag for all your getaways. This bag is spacious, chic, and has a zip top closure.
- Exterior: Very Good
- Interior: Very Good
- Description of Interior: Textile Lined
- Color: Brown
- Hardware Description: Gold Hardware
- Material: Canvas
- Width: 21.7 in.
- Length: 9.4 in.
- Height: 12.2 in.
- Handle Drop: 5 in.
Product Code: 2253028
Read more about Louis Vuitton Date Code here.
All photos are of actual item being sold. © 2007-2019 LuxeDH.
This Louis Vuitton® item is guaranteed to be authentic. Louis Vuitton is a registered trademark of Louis Vuitton. LuxeDH is not affiliated with or represents Louis Vuitton in any way or form.


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Riverside County has a long reach. From the city of Riverside at the edge of the Los Angeles sprawl to the yucca-stocked desert hills of the Coachella Valley and Palm Springs, the region is extensive, unique, and filled with some of the most interesting attractions and wedding planning options around.
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