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valentines day good songs
Top: Some Vinegar Valentines, like this 1940s American example, were meant to reject romantic advances newsletter signup. Above: Others, like this postcard from the 1910s, were meant 13 love songs for your valentine's day mixtape. Easy Valentine's Day song and activities for children aggressive music can actually be good for you; 13 scene songs that. Free worksheets, games, Skidamarink lyrics and gestures, from Super Simple Learning Valentine s Day - Find out more information about Valentines day 2017, including the story of its origin, symbols, and traditions use restaurant promotion on valentines day to create new interesting offer and attract new guests. Get the all facts about Valentine explore fun & engaging valentine s day songs, poems and fingerplays for children of all ages including toddlers, preschoolers and kindergarten kids here! valentine s day is one of the international holidays in our country. Looking for a romantic movie to watch this Valentine s Day? We ve pulled together a list of our favorite DVDs, partnered with recipes designed to create the ultimate many people make a declaration of love and propose marriage on that day. It s hard to be unique during the holiday of love and frankly, some people prefer the traditional box of chocolates and roses lovers make surprises. Your girlfriend or wife deserves the if you are looking for unique love sms messages selection of cute lovely sms, romantic sms, cute sms, good night sms poetic & friendly texts, to send list of songs with songfacts entries for green day in honor of valentine s day, because we are your professional valentine s day editors, here are some great songs that are making a lot of sense to me right. Valentine s Day Songs for Children Children s Music for Celebrating Valentine s Day Valentine s Day is celebrated on February 14 Pick one from our mesmerizing collection of valentine s day messages, valentine day message, valentines messages, messages for valentines, messages for valentines day so sick of love songs: the anti-valentine s day. Valentine s Day Songs for Kids the following playlist is an ode to all those people who are sooooo sick of love songs and just want some good. Search Microsoft Search on the fifth day of creation, we learn that god creates the fish of the sea and birds of the air. items in cart for this day, we made homemade bird feeders. Store Store valentines day ideas - make your valentines day memorable with some of the great valentine s day ideas. Store Home; Devices happy valentine s day from the mother goose club! share today is the day for valentines with your family and loved ones today! check out more mother. Microsoft Surface music valentine s day playlist: top 10 best love songs jonas brothers, taylor swift and more make us weak in the knees without the cheesy lyrics. Good, Good Lovin Make some love potions and explore simple science with your potion making kids top 10 anti-valentine s day songs. Perfect for a Valentine s Day party pages 1 2. KIDiddles offers the lyrics to hundreds of children s songs and lullabies, as well as free printable Song Sheets and Sheet Music share this article. And God said, "Let there be light," and there was light tweet. God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness by kemba in top lists. God called the light or just looking for a good song, you ve come to the right place. My name is Anthony Vincent and I m the voice of Ten Second Songs love letters. Make sure to subscribe to my channel to see/hear some more awesome music from me! Happy Valentines Day Gift Ideas Images Pictures Wallpapers Greetings SMS Wishes Message Quotes Poems Songs HD Cards Cakes Chocolates Calling all Cupids! Need some Valentines Day Party ideas that will get their hearts racing? These super-sweet suggestions will have everybody floating on cloud nine the one thing which is common between lovers of ancient times and present era, is the exchange of love notes or letters. Valentine s Day cards are a lasting way to tell someone how much you love them this holiday it's beautiful how a piece. Shop Hallmark for the widest selection of Valentine s Day cards we never want to see boxed chocolates and fuzzy bears again. Explore Jan Mason s board Valentine s Day Music Class on Pinterest, the world s catalog of ideas with valentine s day known as the official day of love (though we d like to add that every day should be. | See more about Elementary music, Berenstain bears and Valentines while we know it s super trendy (and cathartic) to post a list of anti-love songs on valentine s, this year we re drinking the kool-aid. ALTERNATIVE PRESS that sweet, plastic candy NEWSLETTER SIGNUP


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The New Saints of Oswestry Town moved one step closer to retaining the Dafabtet Welsh Premier League title after a comprehensive 2-0 victory against MBi Llandudno at Park Hall Stadium.
Goals from Jamie Mullan and Adrian Cieslewicz secured the points for The Saints who controlled the game from start to finish.
After 17 minutes Aeron Edwards had a great chance to open the scoring but his header flew over the bar with Dave Roberts beaten.
Half an hour into the game, MBi Llandudno's Liam Dawson broke forward and curled an effort just over.
Moments later, James Joyce shot wide from a similar position as the visitors looked to break the deadlock.
Minutes before the half time whistle, Greg Draper found space in the box but his effort was kept out by a diving Roberts.
However, on the stroke of half time Ryan Brobbel's superb flick set up Mullan who powered in from just inside the box to give TNS a deserved lead.
The second half began with TNS dominating the game and on the hour mark, The Saints doubled the lead. A well worked short corner ended up with Marriott shooting from the edge of the box and Cieslewicz tapping in from close range.
A minute later and Mike Williams shot inches wide from just inside the box as the visitors looked for a way back into the game.
Craig Harrison sent on Scott Quigley with 15 minutes left and the powerful forward set up Draper with his first touch but the striker curled his effort just over the bar.
TNS played out the remainder of the game with ease and moved one step closer to another WPL title.
TNS: Harrison (C), Spender, Marriott, Baker, K.Edwards, A.Edwards, Seargeant, Brobbel, Mullan, Cieslewicz (Quigley 76) and Draper (Wilde 82).
The unused substitutes were Wycherley, Pryce, R.Edwards, Williams and Rawlinson.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thursday, October 1, 2015 - 3:45pm
Event Type:
Dr. Amy Toth, of Iowa State University, will present at the EEOB/EEB seminar series in room 210 Bessey Hall.
Her talk is entitled "Integrative Insect Sociogenomics: Insights into Social Evolution and Pollinator Health from Wasps and Bees".
Reception to meet with Dr. Toth will precede seminar at 3:30 pm in room 240 Bessey Hall.


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Building ServicesOur building services include: - Extensions - Renovations - Attic/Loft conversions - Refurbishments - Bathrooms - Roofing/Tiling/Slating - Garages/Sheds - Footpaths/Groundworks - External Insulation - Dry lining - Attic InsulationAll services are always carried out to the highest standards and comply with current Building Regulations. We believe that any project worth doing is worth doing right!For more information on our building services or for a free, no obligation, written quotation, please contact Fergus directly on (086) 8037 885.Carpentry ServicesElite Carpentry provides a complete range of wood related services for the entire interior fit-out of your home. It is our aim to ensure that all these services are carried out to the highest possible standards and that you, the customer is always 100% satisfied with all aspects of our work. Please scroll through our services below to see how we can assist you in making your home as beautiful as it can be.
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Best Service
Our Vision is to offer the best products and services to our customers. To always exceed customer expectations resulting in customer delight. Our mission is to provide highest possible quality at the right price.Our commitment to offer nothing but the very best is reflected in our vision & mission statements. We exist because of our customer and we are very grateful to our customers who have made us what we are today. We now strive to take our organization to the next level so that we can serve our customers even better and continue to keep them fully satisfied.


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Polished Playful Plaid Blouse
The classic plaid top just got upgraded, and it's about time! Featuring a sleek v-neckline and a hi-lo hemline. Our Polished Playful Plaid Blouse is a chic, modern update to this closet staple. Four versatile color options and roll-tab sleeves carry it across all seasons, and its breathable, loose fit will keep you comfortable all year long. Pair with a dark pant and boots for winter and fall, then with your favorite shorts and flats for spring and summer.
- Loose, oversize fit.
- Material: 100% Polyester
- Care instructions: Machine wash warm, and tumble dry low.
Please review measurements below for best fit (we recommend to size down for best fit, so if you normally wear a Medium, please order a Small):
- SMALL: Bust: 42.5", Length: 29.5", Shoulder: 17.5" Sleeve: 18"
- MEDIUM: Bust: 45", Length: 30", Shoulder: 17.5" Sleeve: 18.5"
- LARGE: Bust: 47.5", Length: 30.5 ", Shoulder: 18" Sleeve: 19"
- X-Large: Bust: 50", Length: 31", Shoulder: 18" Sleeve: 19.5"
- XX-Large: Bust: 52", Length: 31.5", Shoulder: 18.5" Sleeve: 19.5"
OUR SATISFACTION GUARANTEEWe do realize that online shopping can be troubling that's why we are committed to give you an assurance that after you made the purchase and you are not happy with the item, we'll make it right because we value you as our loyal customer.


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Spring sprung early this year. At the moment there are alot of trout in the Norwegian fjords. You find them if you look and when you do you will find lots of them. Since the season started this early both the scud and the
polychaetes (børstemark in Norwegian) are in full action in the fjords.
A variant of Klympen, a Danish scud pattern.
The polychaetes, or børstemark in Norwegian


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About This File
A document given to us by our CAS coordinator for students to complete when done with their CAS.
This document might not be required at you school, or may be presented in a different form, but it remains a list of questions your coordinator might ask. It's also helpful to actually make you realise what you learned from your experiences.


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Big 10, Big game! #2 Penn State vs #6 Ohio at 2:30
Free general admission, but arrive early,
or, if you have a group of 6 or more and want a reserved seat..
$25 minimum spend per person paid in advance gets you a reserved seat (we credit your bill up to the $25 ticket, sorry eventbrite gets the CC fee). Reservations close Sat at 11 am.
Join us at the best sports bar in New Orleans, so don't wait and have to settle for a TV over a random bar or in hotel lobby somewhere.


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Lent is a time of change. A time to focus on our lives and to think about how we can be more like Jesus in the things that we say, think and do.
Our Music Resource and Scripture Resource will help us to think about the changes that we might need to make if we have done something wrong and how we go about making it right.
In the Picture Resource we will see how the word change can have different meanings but our loose change can make a big change to the people who need it the most.
Our Action Resource is all about making a change to the way we treat our bodies and we will make a change straight away that will help to make us fit and healthy so that we can use our bodies for God's glory.
Climate change is the change that the Video Resource focuses on and we will get the chance to think about the small changes that we can make that will make a big change to the whole world!
As we think about change this week don't forget that even small changes can make a huge difference and that we should always make an effort to change ourselves to be the best people that we can be.
Scripture Bank
If you would like to reflect on some more of the scriptures related to this topic then you can use some of the scripture references below.
Most of these are taken from Open Bible – you can use their Topical Bible Search facility to find lots more ideas! Just remember to change the Bible translation to 'Good News Translation' when you click on the link!
If you have found any pieces of scripture that you think link to our theme this week then please add them in the comments box below to share the Good News so that we can all enjoy them!
Hebrews 13:8
Romans 12:1-2
2 Corinthians 4:16-18
James 1:17
1 Corinthians 15: 51-52
Malachi 3:6
Ephesians 4:22-24
Ecclesiastes 3:1-8
Psalm 102: 25-28
Acts 9:3-6
1 Corinthians 13:11
Romans 12:2
Psalm 51:10
Acts 17:30
Acts 2:38
Click here for the Music Resource
In this song we will hear from the Cookie Monster who hasn't always been able to resist eating when he sees his favourite thing…cookies!
Watch and listen carefully to see if he has changed his ways!
If you do not want subtitles to show then go to the bottom left-hand corner of the screen and click the "CC" icon which will remove the subtitles.
Are there any things that you could change about the way that you behave to make yourself a better person?
During Lent we are asked to make a change that will make us more like Jesus and sometimes this is by giving things up. Jesus gave up lots of things when he was in the desert (Matthew 4: 1-11) before He began His great work of preaching and healing.
What could you try to give up during Lent?
Please give us the control and determination to make a good change in our lives.
Click here for the Picture Resource
It can mean making things different or it can mean money and coins as you can see below, this is called loose change.
What could you do with all of that money?
If you were going to give that money to someone else who would it be and why?
What do you think a charity, such as CAFOD, Emmanuel House or Building Hope in Bunkpurugu could do with that money?
We can use our loose change to make a big change to the lives of other people in our local community and to people all across the world!
By giving money to charities we can help people who do not have food to eat, water to drink or a safe home to call their own.
Choose a charity that you would like to support in your Class. Make a special collection box where you can collect your loose change and you can make a big change to people who need your help!
Click here for the Action
Today we are going to make a change which will help us to take care of our bodies just as St Paul told us that we should in his 1st letter to the Corinthians:
Don't you know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, who lives in you and who was given to you by God? You do not belong to yourselves but to God; he bought you for a price. So use your bodies for God's glory.
1 Corinthians 6: 19-20
Copy the actions and get your body fit and ready so that you can use it for God's glory!
Click here for the Video Resource
In this video you will find out lots of information about climate change so listen carefully and think about the changes that are taking place in our world.
Then God said, "And now we will make human beings; they will be like us and resemble us. They will have power over the fish, the birds, and all animals, domestic and wild, large and small." So God created human beings, making them to be like himself. He created them male and female, blessed them, and said, "Have many children, so that your descendants will live all over the earth and bring it under their control. I am putting you in charge of the fish, the birds, and all the wild animals. I have provided all kinds of grain and all kinds of fruit for you to eat; but for all the wild animals and for all the birds I have provided grass and leafy plants for food"—and it was done. God looked at everything he had made, and he was very pleased. Evening passed and morning came—that was the sixth day.
Genesis 1: 26-31
- Turn off lights when you leave a room
- Recycle your rubbish
- Pick up litter
- Walk or use the bus instead of going on a journey in the car
There are all kinds of things that you can do so think of some ideas in your Class and let your little changes save the world!
Click here for the Scripture Resource
In this story (which was also the Sunday Gospel on the 3rd Week of Lent), we hear how Jesus told some people to change their ways when He saw that they were using the Jewish Temple as a market place .
A reading from the Holy Gospel according to Luke.
(Glory to you O Lord.)
When Jesus entered the temple courts, he began to drive out those who were selling. "It is written," he said to them, "'My house will be a house of prayer'; but you have made it 'a den of robbers.'"
Every day he was teaching at the temple. But the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the leaders among the people were trying to kill him. Yet they could not find any way to do it, because all the people hung on his words.
The Gospel of the Lord.
(Praise to you Lord Jesus Christ.)
Luke 19: 45-48
What did Jesus say His Father's house was for?
How did the people react to what Jesus said and did?
During Lent we take the time to change the things in our lives that we are not doing well.
We may choose to cut out some of the things that get in the way of our relationship with God or we may do extra things such as helping others or praying so that we strengthen our relationship with God.
If Jesus walked through the door now, what do you think are the things that you would need to change in your life?
Take some time to think about the things that you might need to say sorry for and ask Jesus to guide you to do the right thing once again.


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So today is a wonderful day in many, many places around the nation, Company. It is a day where millions of people sit down take a minute, and let out a massive sigh of relief. That is because it is the first day of school.
That's right, today is the day that we lock up all the little bastards with their teachers/prison guards so all the parents and child care providers get a little bit of a break. From five days a week down to one. Lots of families will suddenly have more disposable income because they don't have to pay like $200 per week for someone to watch the kiddos while they are at work, and mostly because they can sort of sleep at night once in a while now.
But what about the teachers? I am sure they aren't happy to be stuck with the little bastards either, because they were probably having more fun hanging out all summer but still making money. But, there are a lot of people who are excited to be back to work, like the bus drivers and crossing guards and school nurses.
The thing that I always like about this day, and especially tomorrow once the seniors, etc. go back, is that it is the day when most towns sort of gather themselves and take a breath. Sometimes it can get the feeling that all the air has gone out of a community, but usually it feels more like it has sat down after a long day and had a chance to gather itself and take a deep breath and maybe to collect its thoughts. It is really a nice feeling.
Definitely a nice feeling, especially since there is still a little nice weather for all of us to look forward to, and maybe with a wildcat day we can take advantage of the kids being cooped up and learning about microeconomics or the Battle of Yorktown or the difference between a noun and a verb. Maybe now I can go down to the beach and splash around, or I can wander downtown into the candy store. That's right, it's my turn to be a kid again, because now that all the little bastards that are old enough to be a pain in my ass are back where they belong: begging for hall passes just to have a sip of water and having their cell phones confiscated because they are too fucking stupid to turn them off during class or leave them in their lockers. Just as it should be. Plus, as an added bonus, in my town they have work release programs, where they can still go out and work at a restaurant making me salads and cleaning my dishes. God bless America. And thank goodness for the school year.


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Jaz's Warriors is my first introduction to Ms. Mayburn's writing. I'm not much into Sci-Fi/Fantasy but you give me a good blurb and toss in some menage action, and I will read it! When I saw this book would include M/M, M/M/F, M/M/M/F sexual situations I WAS LIKE YAAAASSSSS! Deep otherworldly sexin'? YASSSSSSSS! If you're a fan of alien men taking on human brides for bonding, this story will be right up your alley!
Let me start by saying I'm not fond of books that begin with a glossary of terms. If one is present, authors I beg of you, please put it at the end of the book. Allow the reader to become immersed in your world. If I find myself confused, I will look to the glossary when my reading journey has ended. This is simply a personal preference. I suppose I like the element of surprise and not having everything laid out for me.
The book begins with a prologue called "The Event" where a weird rainbow of colors illuminates the sky. Jasmin "Jaz" Brooks, who is a therapist, is in the middle of a counseling session with a couple when the weirdness begins. There's mass hysteria and panic in the streets, and people decide to seek shelter in her building. The prologue IMO was rushed. I felt that some aspects could have been fleshed out a bit more. We don't know much about what happened during "The Event." The reader is told what it may have been in the first chapter, but it's not detailed at all. What we do get in the prologue is a sneak peek of Jaz's future while she's dreaming. This… this is where problems first started to arise for me.
The description of one of her potential mates:
"The first man had creamy golden skin, with slanted eyes and long dark hair that gave him a slightly Asian look."
What? Slanted eyes? REALLY? This is a fail. So much fail. Could there have been a better way to describe the physical characteristics of this character? Absolutely. Especially, when the second potential mate is described as such:
"The second also had long black hair, but his skin was pale and his eyes a lovely light blue."
Sigh. I can't agree with the wording choices here. Ms. Mayburn has a publisher. I find it surprising that the editor didn't pick up on the coded language.
Anyway back to the story. Fast forward to present day and Jaz is on an alien ship with two of her husbands. Her job on earth as a therapist has assisted her in her new role as an Ambassador. Polyamory is big with Kadothian men. One of Jaz's husbands is interested in her taking on another to join their family and Tandar is introduced. Much of the story centers around Tandar's attempts to court Jaz and her dealing with her feelings about her new life and her new role. Of course, there is conflict, but it's minimal.
I will say overall; I enjoyed the story; however, I didn't find the harping on the "otherness" appealing.
"Rich brown skin and exotic features…"
I tried to look past it because to some degree it is Sci-Fi/Fantasy and Jasmin is a human female but good grief it was overkill. I was expecting more freakiness with the sex scenes, but they were okay. Some readers will enjoy the fact that Jaz is plus-size, and her husbands find her delectable. Kudos to Ms. Mayburn for the depiction of a curvy heroine.
Lastly, I didn't conclude this story feeling satisfied. My Kindle stopped around the 70% mark. The remainder of the book is the first few chapters of the next story in the series. Personally, I'm not a fan of this marketing tactic. Give me 100% story and then sell the heck out of your other books.
Overall, I give this story three stars. It had potential, and some parts were great, but other aspects rubbed me the wrong way.
With a bright pink "R" emblazoned on her chest signifying her status as "Romance Reader Extraordinaire", she is imbued with super powers in all things romantic, snarky and sexy.


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Dear Racist,
First of all I want to thank you for reading my letter. You do not know me and I don't know you but I have felt your presence many times. Yesterday I started my day thanking God for waking me up and allowing me to have a job. There was a warm and grateful smile on my face as I greeted strangers I passed as I walked through the parking lot to enter the doors to my job. As I turned the corner to get on the elevator, I was greeted with a dark, cold and fearful unseen vibration that made me wonder if Satan himself had entered the building. I took a deep breath and proceeded to get on the elevator. With a smile on my face I pushed the button to the floor I was heading to. In the meantime there I was just you and me.
You stood there like you were made out of stone definitely was not giving up any eye contact. You just stood in the elevator as far from me as you could almost as if you were not breathing. Looking up with a smile, I silently thanked God I did not have to carry that spirit of racism in my soul. I was glad you kept your distance because shielding me from your cruel vibrations was already difficult.
I don't understand how you choose to hate someone you know not anything about. Obviously, it is quite a chore to live with this conscious choice. But do you know what it is doing to you? There is no way hatred, anger; disgust, evil thoughts, and a need to attack and kill does not have a price. These vibrations harm and kill the body. Love cannot exist with these vibrations. You can't turn it off and on to love and return to hate. It does not work like that.
How do I know how detrimental your state of existence is? Easy, look at yourself. Your consumption of hate is so great that you can't keep it to yourself. You have to find some kind of way to release it. So powerfully overwhelming you have to release it on innocent people. It kills you so you kill people. It would take aliens from another world for you to realize there is only one race, the human race, a race God created.
I pray that you be set free from this demon of hate so you can live a healthier and warm life. Your life is valuable. My life is valuable. God made us to love. Just stop it, you don't need it. There is so much more to feel and experience in this life.
God Bless
Support Our Mission:
Talking About PTSD


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John Deere 49 49A Power Hoe Banker Parts Catalog Manual
This listing was created by Lindsay for ©Agri-Con Manuals
If multiple copies of a manual are in stock, we will always send the newest or best one we have on hand at the time of your purchase. The cover may differ, but will be the same information as advertised.
All information and descriptions of manuals are believed to be accurate, but are not guaranteed. Although we describe our items to the very best of our ability, most of the manuals we sell are used. As such, they have been subject to wear and will sometimes show signs of age, loose binding or pages, stains, and some occasional hand notes.
All of the manuals we offer are originals. No illegal copies of an original, or pirated cds!
Beware of bootleg copies of manuals and cds! Click here for tips on how to spot them!
Thank you for shopping with us.
(John deere 49 49A power hoe banker parts catalog manual was posted and is owned by: Tracy Nolan)
firstname.lastname@example.com (Tracy Nolan) for more information.


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Cyrus Mistry Removed As TCS Director
Wednesday, December 14, 2016, 11:34 AM
Former Tata Sons Chairman Cyrus Mistry, was voted out as Director of Tata Consultancy Services, as 93.11% voted in favour of the resolution to remove Mr. Mistry, in the IT firms extraordinary general meeting. Out of 86.71% of share holders who voted, 93.11% voted for his ouster. Tata Sons, which holds about 73% stake in TCS, had moved the resolution to oust Mr. Mistry.Read More


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Company Sodomaco Investments accused of unlawfully removing asbestos from Sovereign Hill
A company is contesting charges it starting to remove asbestos at Sovereign Hill without monitoring conditions as required by law.
Sodomaco Investments claims the Victorian Workcover Authority cannot prove friable asbestos was removed from the outdoor museum's Taylor's Cottage in Magpie Street on March 24, 2016.
A contested mention at the Ballarat Magistrates Court on Thursday was told Sodomaco Investments workers attended Sovereign Hill with a hygienist and removed vinyl floor tiles.
Defence barrister Jim Stavris said WorkSafe could not prove the work involved asbestos because there was no sample.
He said Sovereign Hill was not charged over the incident but received an official warning.
The VWA prosecutor said it was relying on an environmental report and a police record of interview where the company admitted it was asbestos.
Magistrate Ross Maxted said the prosecution case was strong and a fine would be issued if the company pleaded guilty.
But Mr Stavris requested an adjournment for a further contested mention, which will be held in July.
Sodomaco Investments faces two charges under the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007, including failing to monitor conditions and failing to ensure people were not exposed to health risks.


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Matthew Dockery is a professional videographer who lives in Key West Florida. He has been practicing videography for over 10 years and runs his videography business, DockLight Productions, in the Florida Keys. Although being based in the keys, he also specializes in travel videos for many of his travel agency and tour operating clients. You can see Matthew's full portfolio on his Vimeo page linked here.
"Videography is something that comes naturally for me and I'm grateful for this each and every day. I came from a background in photography, as a hobbyist, which taught me many of the basics I use now for the high quality content I strive to produce thru videography. To sit and edit a story for hours on end, that provides for me a feeling that I hope that everyone gets to experience within their lifetime. It's like petting a puppy, it just feels right and that's how I feel about shooting and editing videos."
"One day I hope to be a successful documentary film maker. Travel and the human condition are topics that inspire me the most. I watch things like Gnarly Bay's SPACE and I can't help but want to grab my camera and document it for others to experience and enjoy. For now, I'm practicing as a freelance videographer in the Florida Keys as well as around the world, building a business that will allow me to tell stories as a videographer / documentary filmmaker that will leave my legacy someday. This is all I want and need out of this life. This is my passion."


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This is a mini FM transmitter built and powered using 2 transistors, designed by Tony van Roon. This small transmitter is simple to build and its transmissions could be picked up on any common FM radio. It possesses a range of approximately 1/4-mile (400 meters) or even more, depending on the line-of-sight, obstructions by big buildings, and so on. It's excellent for room monitoring, baby listening, nature exploration, and many others.
Components List:
R4 = 470 ohm
C1,C4 = 470pF
C2,C3 = 4.7uF, 16V, electrolytic
C5,C6 = 4.7pF
C7 = 4-40pF trimmer cap (optional, see text)
L1 = 1uH
Q1,Q2 = 2N2222, NPN transistor
Mic = Electret Microphone
B1 = 9 Volt, Alkaline battery
Nothing critical here. To get a bit of tuning out of the coil you could put a 4-40pF trimmer capacitor (optional) parallel over the 1 uH coil, L1. C1/C4 and C5/C6 are ceramic capacitors, preferably NPO (low noise) types. C2/C3 are electrolytic or can be tantalum types. The antenna is nothing more than a piece of 12″ wire or a piece of piano wire from 6″ to 12″.
Set your FM radio for a clear, black spot in the lower end of the band (88MHz). Then, using a non-conductive/non-metallic trimmer tool, fine-tune this capacitor to find the clearest reception. A little bit testing and patience might be in order.
Almost all of the components values aren't crucial, so you are able to attempt adjusting them to see what occurs. In the event you determine to substitute transistors with something similar you currently have, it possibly needed alter the collector voltage of Q1 by altering the value of R2 or R3 (because you change transistors, it changes this bias on the base of Q1). It ought to be about 1/2 the power supply voltage (about 4 or 5volts).
Mini FM Transmitter Circuit Notes:
The default for the capacitors kind is ceramic, preferably the npo 1% (low noise) kind or equivalent. But generally almost nothing vital right here. Use any capacitor you've laying around, but NO electrolytic or tantalum caps. Only in case you intend to use this circuit outside the house you might wish to choose much more temperature stable capacitors.
To find the signal in your receiver, make certain there's a signal coming into the microphone, otherwise the circuit will not work. I use an old mechanical alarm clock (you realize, with these two big bells on it). I put this clock by the microphone which picks up the loud tick-tock. I am sure you get the idea… Or you are able to just lightly tap the microphone whilst looking for the location with the signal in your receiver.


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Cassie sat at an incongruously old-fashioned writing bureaux typing into a word processor that would not be invented on her planet until some twenty years after she left it in 1969. She had got the hang of the technology quite well, and regretted that she would have to return to using an ordinary typewriter when she returned to her own time. It was SO much easier to think and write onto a screen where mistakes could be deleted at the press of a button.
"It will be SO frustrating waiting for all these things to happen in our world," Cassie said with a sigh as she put the finishing touches to a chapter of her thesis about the religious customs of ancient Egypt. Several weeks close study of those customs in various places that Chrístõ had brought them, none quite so terrifying as Abu Simbel, had given her a unique view and she was now writing it down into a paper which, she knew, would be ground-breaking. Of course, she had presented it as a 1969 student would present it, without many wonderful but unprovable facts that she knew she never could use.
"Maybe we could ask Chrístõ to drop us off in 2005 or something," Terry suggested. "We could go to university in the era of computers and credit cards.""Well, I suppose I could," Chrístõ said. "But it might be a bit of a culture shock for you. It's not all fun in 2005."
"It wasn't all rock festivals in 1969, either," Cassie reminded him.
"Well, we're not going anywhere YET," Terry pointed out. "You're stuck with us, Chrístõ."
"Happy to be," he answered with a grin. "As long as you want to be here. You're the first real friends I've ever had. You will always be wanted. But I know, sooner or later, you will have to move on."
"If you make friends from earth always, I think they'll always be moving on," Cassie observed. "You can live to 7,000. We don't last anywhere NEAR that long."
Chrístõ looked at her and felt suddenly sad. That obvious truth had never occurred to him before. Even 1,000 was barely middle aged for him. His friends would be long dead by then. They would live only in his memory. Then he smiled at them.
"We're together now," he said. "Besides, when I'm 1,000 I can still use my time machine to come see you when you're 25."
"I hope you will," Cassie said. "I will miss you when we do leave. My beautiful alien and his wonderful TARDIS. I will miss you both."
"Hey," Terry reminded her. "Like Chrístõ said, we're here now. And we have the universe to explore."
"Starting with a quiet trip to a pre-industrial world in the Beta quadrant," Chrístõ announced, examining the co-ordinates he had set. "One of the 'must sees' programmed in for me. Apparently this place has the most spectacular sunsets with no industrial pollution to distort it. Also a friendly population who consider hospitality to the stranger as a matter of personal honour."
"The people of Abu Simbel were very hospitable right up until they poisoned us," Cassie pointed out.
"That's true!" Chrístõ laughed. "But if we never eat or drink anything outside the TARDIS we'll run out of food after a few months. So…shall we give Grepharia III the benefit of the doubt?" Terry and Cassie both consented enthusiastically. Chrístõ looked around to see why Bo had not spoken up. He saw her lying on the cabin bed where she slept at night, and became aware for the first time that she was crying quietly
"Bo, precious," he said, going to her. "What is it?"
"You will send me away from you," she sobbed. "Terry and Cassie know they will not be with you forever. And… and I too will have to leave you..."
"Not until you want to, my precious. All of you, I promise. You belong here with me, in the TARDIS until you WANT to leave."
"Where would I go?" she asked. "I have nothing to go back to. I… I don't want to go back to… to the time I lived in and the life there."
"Never," Chrístõ assured her. "I don't know your future. I can do it for strangers, but I can't tell the future of anyone who has been in the TARDIS with me. All its strange fields and resonances block it. But I know I am never going to let you go unless you want to go, and then it will be to a time and a place of your choosing. Don't ever worry about that."
It was a promise he should not have made. Taking people from their timeline had consequences. If Terry and Cassie really DID decide to go back to Earth in 2005 instead of 1969, there were thirty-six years in which they ought to have lived, interacting with other people, making their own mark on the world, and he wasn't sure what that would mean if they didn't.
Bo, on the other hand, had no place in her own time. Marley would almost certainly have murdered her eventually. Even if he had not, her role would have been to be abused by whatever man he sold her onto for a few more years until the strain of it killed her anyway. HIS future told him that she would not stay with him forever, but would go to another man eventually, who would love her. But where that man would come from, or when, he did not know. For all he did know, it could be on the pre-industrial world of Grepharia III. For that matter, the woman he WAS destined to marry might be there.
"Come on, my precious Bo," He kissed her tenderly as he dried her tears. "This is your first visit to another planet. I want you to enjoy it."
It was Cassie and Terry's first visit to another planet, too. And so, when they landed in what looked like an ordinary deciduous forest with the TARDIS disguised as a wood-cutters hut - apart from the discreetly carved into the door - they were a little disappointed.
"Seems just like Earth," Terry said. "I thought the sky might be a different colour at least."
"Planets with the sort of atmosphere you and I can breathe all tend to have blue skies and green grass," Chrístõ said. "That's a constant of the universe. The only exception I know of is my own planet, Gallifrey. The sky there is yellowy-orange by day and a burnt orange-black by night."
"And the grass?" Cassie asked. "Do you have grass?"
"Yes, that's green. Apart from the Red Grass Valleys where it is carmine red." He tightened his hold on Bo's hand. She still seemed quiet. He wished he knew a way to reassure her.
"So who are we today?" Terry asked as he looked around at their 'pre-industrial' costumes. Chrístõ, as usual, looked aristocratic in a velvet hooded cloak edged in silver over a black jerkin and leggings, all also edged in silver. The jerkin and cloak both bore his symbol in silver thread and it was on the silver clasp that fastened his cloak. Terry himself was in a burgundy cloak of a less ostentatious fabric with jerkin and leggings in deep brown. Their ladies were beautiful as ever, Cassie in a dark red gown and Bo in midnight blue, both cloaked in black with scarlet lining. "The Marquess de Lœngbærrow and company?"
"I think we'll just be rich merchants today. We don't want to overawe the locals. Chrístõ of Lœngbærrow, Terrence of Guildford and our lovely wives."
Bo, he noticed, gave a soft gasp at the idea of being his 'wife' and smiled for the first time. Of course that was the one way he could reassure her that he would never let her down. But he couldn't do that if Li Tuo's reading of their future was correct.
They came to the village presently. It was a typical pre-industrial village of any society the universe over, with a village green in the centre, where the town well had prominent position. Around it was the commercial heart of the village, the blacksmith, baker, tanner, candlemaker, apothecary, and most prominently, a large inn. They all looked at each other and headed towards it.
The landlord of the inn was most hospitable to the four well-dressed strangers who came into his hostelry and they were soon enjoying a meal of cheese and meat and bread washed down with the finest ale. They talked together cheerfully, taking care not to say anything anachronistic in front of the locals.
"Well, well, Thete, of all the people in the universe to bump into." They all stopped talking and looked in surprise at the young man in a black cloak almost identical to Chrístõ's who sat down in a spare chair at their table propping his chin with one hand. Chrístõ looked the most disconcerted.
"Eps," he said. "What are you doing here?"
"Field trip, same as you, obviously." He said. "I do love these primitive planets. The people are so easy to manage, don't you think?"
"I wouldn't know. I don't manage people. We're supposed to observe their cultures, not manipulate them. How long have you been here?"
"About as long as you. I spotted the resonance of another TARDIS in the vortex and followed. Wondered who it might be. And here we are, old pals together."
"We're not 'pals' Eps. We're second cousins at BEST. You were never my friend. You hung around with the same gang that regularly beat me up for being a half-blood."
"Yeah, but I never did that," Eps replied.
"Only because my father is executor of your trust fund and he'd have cut you off without a penny if you had."
Eps looked darkly at his cousin. He was a dark looking character anyway, Terry thought. He had short spiky black hair and green eyes that seemed sharp and unsmiling even when he did smile with colourless thin lips. He was half shaven, and the dark stubble around his chin made him look older and somehow contributed to an unpleasant feel about him.
"Ah, come on, Thete," he said brightly, though again his smile was only on his lips, not in his eyes. Cassie mentally compared him with Chrístõ, whose smile began with his eyes. She looked at Chrístõ now. He looked angry and annoyed.
Chrístõ WAS angry and annoyed, and he was worried, too. Eps was not the WORST person in the universe he could meet. But he couldn't think of very many more people that would come into that category. He didn't hate him as such, but they had always been rivals at the Academy and as Chrístõ had beaten him in every discipline except telekinesis there was reason for him to be jealous. And he knew Eps could be spiteful and mean when crossed. He remembered the girl in their Emotional Detachment class whose hair had mysteriously caught fire in the middle of the lesson. A girl who had spurned Eps' advances on her. And his hand caught hold of Bo's under the table.
"So, are you going to introduce me to your friends," Eps said. Clearly he had not taken the hints Chrístõ was giving him, both in his body language and his telepathic messages that he was not wanted there.
"This," Chrístõ said with an emphasis on the word that sounded like a hiss. "This is Rõgæn Koschei Oakdaene - obviously of Gallifrey. Sometimes known as Epsilon, or Eps." He paused. "Rõgæn, these are my friends who are travelling with me in my TARDIS - Terry Phillips, Cassie Jameson and Hui Ying Bo Juan."
"Humans?" Epsilon looked at them as if they had a strange smell. "Don't tell me, from that miserable little planet your mother came from."
"Earth," Chrístõ said, feeling more and more angry at Epsilon for his lack of even a pretence of tact.
"That's the one," he said. "Where they're descended from apes and the culture never advanced much beyond the treeline."
"If our culture is so rubbish, how come you all have nicknames from ancient Greek? That's Earth culture." Cassie snapped.
"Shows how much you know," Epsilon replied looking down his nose at her. "The Greek 'gods' were people from OUR galaxy who tried to teach the ape-life some culture. The so-called alphabet Earth people use is just a remnant. I bet you don't even know what the words mean. Like why our Thete is Theta Sigma."
"It means the Outcast One," Cassie answered.
"Epsilon means The exalted one, or the Master." Epsilon said. "Thete, you really ARE a wonder. You take a nickname that is meant as an insult and wear it proudly." He poked him rather painfully over the breast of his jerkin where the silver was embroidered. "Still, at least you have taste in women. For ape-types these two are not bad. Which of these is yours? Or do you have both?"
"You should watch your tongue," Terry said, rising to his feet. "Cassie is my fiancée."
"Sit down, Terry," Chrístõ told him. "Eps is just going, aren't you, Eps…" He gave him a cold hard stare that would have withered most people. But Epsilon laughed.
"I'm in no hurry. I thought I might see if this little creature would kiss me." And he reached to try to kiss Bo, his hand roughly holding her under her chin. She slapped him away and retreated towards Chrístõ who put his arm around her protectively. If he could have helped it, he would rather Epsilon didn't know he had feelings for her. It was just the reason he needed to press an unwelcome advance on her - to spite him. But Bo's movement towards him had given it away.
"Thete, how DID you pass Emotional Detachment class?" Epsilon asked him with a sneer.
"Eps, just go," he said out loud. "Don't make me angry."
"You put these ape-lifeforms before your own blood kin?" Epsilon stood up and for a moment looked as if he was going to challenge Chrístõ to some kind of duel, but he laughed, coldly, and like his smile, only with his mouth, not with his eyes. Then he turned on his heels and left the inn.
"What a creep," Cassie said as soon as he was gone. Chrístõ… he's RELATED to you?"
"My father's sister was married to his mother's brother," Chrístõ said. "And they both died long before either Eps or I were born. It's a pretty loose relationship. We're not even from the same House. He is from Oakdaene. I am from Lœngbærrow. Lœngbærrow is one of the oldest Houses of all, sired by Rassilon himself. Oakdaene, while still Oldblood, are a newer House and less prestigious. His family are wealthy, but they have no political power. Which really irks Eps. He isn't happy about having to ask my father for HIS money, either. But that was the terms of his father's will. He can't claim his inheritance in full until he is 300."
"His father died?" Terry asked. "Why didn't he regenerate or whatever it is?"
"I don't know," Chrístõ said. "But there are SOME things that kill us outright no matter what. Yes, it was tough on Eps being an orphan. But he wasn't the one who got kicked in the ribs every night going home from school. Eps is a pureblood."
"Well, you know, never would have guessed that from his tolerant and friendly attitude to other species!" Terry said sarcastically. And they laughed at that and it relieved the tension. Bo, though, never left Chrístõ's close side all evening after that. He wasn't sure if she was seeking his protection or if she was protecting him, but her nearness was nice either way.
After they had eaten and freshened up in the bedchambers to which the landlord conducted them, they did, indeed, go out for a walk to view the spectacular sunset that they had been advised to see. And it WAS spectacular. The atmosphere of the planet was free of pollution, but it must have had some kind of ionised layer that reflected light in the way the Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis both did on Earth - only brighter and bigger and more wonderful. They all felt inspired by seeing it and came back to the inn happy and contented. They drank some more ale with the local people who were friendly towards them, and then went to their chambers.
Chrístõ undressed behind a dressing screen into a nightshirt and came out to where Bo was sitting on the bed looking very pretty in a long white nightgown of satin. She was brushing her hair and Chrístõ took over from her. Her hair was so fine and beautiful and he loved to touch it. He kissed her gently on the neck and shoulders as he did so. If anyone had seen them they would have said they were a young married couple getting ready for bed.
But of course they were not married. Chrístõ meant to spend the night with her, but not in the way anyone would expect. It was difficult, it had to be said. Looking as lovely as she did, any man would be tempted. But Chrístõ was no ordinary man.
"Come to bed, my Chrístõ," she said as she slipped between the sheets. He stayed sitting on the top of the bed for a while.
"I will, Precious," he said, looking at the way her hair spread out across the pillow. He touched a strand of it and curled it around his finger. "But you must understand, on the world I come from, men and women don't ever make love before they are legally married. And I know I am a long way from home, but I must behave as I have been taught. All I want is to hold you. To feel you close by me. That is enough for me."
"It's enough for me if you are happy, my Chrístõ," she said.
"All right then, my precious Bo." And he slipped into the bed beside her. The sheets were coarse but not uncomfortably so, and they were clean. Chrístõ reached for her and she gave a soft sigh as he embraced her. But true to his word they did no more than kiss and hold each other until sweet, untroubled sleep overcame them both. For Chrístõ it was unusual to sleep in that way, like a Human, but for once, he wanted to.
It was some time after dawn when he woke to a disturbance out in the street. He thought he heard the word 'murder' shouted. He tried to gently move Bo's arms from around him so that he could get out of the bed without waking her, but as he did he heard heavy footsteps on the stairs and the door burst open. Bo woke with a start at the sound. Chrístõ was out of the bed and grasping his sword in a moment, but there were too many men, all armed with axes and clubs - he guessed they were what passed for a local militia and police force.
He could have fought them, possibly, but by the sounds of things there was a mob outside anyway. Better, he thought, to let himself be taken by them and sort out what was going on when things were calmer. The sound of Bo screaming as the militia held her back from him was heartbreaking, though. He saw Terry and Cassie at the door of their room, alerted by the noise. He tried to tell them not to worry but his captors forced a gag into his mouth and bound his hands before dragging him roughly down the stairs.
The mob outside was so enraged by now that Chrístõ actually feared for his life when he was brought out, blinking in the early sunlight. But the militia obviously had orders to take him alive. Those who came too close were as roughly treated as he was.
The village jail was a dark, foreboding building behind the tannery yard. Chrístõ was glad he had already slowed his breathing so as not to choke on the gag, as it was a foul place inside and out. Its one cell was a dark, noisome place with one tiny barred window too high to see through and a hard packed Earth floor covered in dirty straw. The gag and the bindings on his hands were taken off before he was thrust inside and the thick oak door slammed shut.
He was not especially claustrophobic, but as the door slammed his hearts sank dismally. It would help if he at least knew why he had been taken. His captors had said nothing. But the word 'murderer' had been shouted and spat and muttered as he was brought through the village and he could put that much together. Somebody had been killed and HE had been blamed. Why? He didn't know.
He knelt on the filthy floor, trying to keep as little of his body from touching it as possible. He hated dirty places and he could think of few places dirtier than this. He calmed his hearts and put himself into a light meditation. He would have liked to go into a full, deep state, where he could forget his awful circumstances, but he had a feeling he would need to keep his wits about him. At least, he was able to calm his thoughts and prepare for whatever was to come.
It must have been about an hour later when the door opened again. He was still kneeling. He looked up to see Epsilon grinning at him.
"You seem to be in a bit of trouble, Thete," Epsilon said. "Luckily I persuaded the guards to let me come and see you. You'll be needing a lawyer, of course… and I came second to you in our law studies."
"What use is Gallifreyan law here?" Chrístõ retorted. "Where are my friends? Are they all right?"
"The ape people you mean? They're outside. I might be able to persuade the guards to let you see one of them. Which is your favourite? The lovely dusky one or the petite yellow-skinned one? Or is it the male who takes your fancy, Thete? You always did have strange tastes."
"Go away, Eps," Chrístõ responded wearily. "If you have any real friendship for me, persuade the guards to let me see THEM."
"You're hopeless, Thete. You're looking at a death sentence and you'd rather spend your last hours with ape-descended inferiors. I wash my hands of you." Epsilon turned and left and the door was slammed shut again. A few minutes later, though, it opened and he was pleased to see Bo and Cassie there. They brought clothes and a basin of water.
"We're allowed to prepare you to be brought to the court for trial," Cassie said, remarkably calmly. Bo seemed unable to speak at all. She knelt and began to wash his hands and face with the water. Then the two of them dressed him. He didn't need them to do it, and he felt a little embarrassed by it. But they seemed to want to do it for him and their gentle hands upon him were a comfort. As Bo fastened the cloak around his shoulders she embraced him tearfully. He felt her heartbreak as an unbroken wave that overwhelmed his telepathic functions. He held her tightly for as long as he dared. Cassie, too, put her arms about his shoulders and they both kissed him lovingly.
It was a sweet relief from his unhappy situation, but all too soon the guards ordered them to leave. Bo tried to hang onto him, but Cassie put her arms about her and told her quietly not to break down in font of the guards, to keep her dignity. Finally, after one last kiss the two of them walked out, hand in hand, with their heads held high. Chrístõ was proud of them, but he felt all the more lonely after. Though not for long, for soon the guards came to take him to the court.
His friends were in the courtroom. So was Epsilon, he noticed. So was almost the whole village, it seemed. When Chrístõ was brought in and put into the 'dock' there was a wave of murmuring among them which was quietened by the magistrate who sat at a high desk facing the crowd.
"The prisoner will state his name to the court," an official demanded when silence was called for.
"Oh, you asked for it," Chrístõ said and with a half smile he took a breath and told them his name. Chrístõdavõreendiamõndhærtmallõupdracœfiredelunmiancuimhne de Lœngbærrow."
The magistrate looked at him with narrowed eyes. The court clerk looked to the magistrate in something like despair.
"Just put 'the accused'," the magistrate told the clerk. "How do you plead?" He demanded of Chrístõ.
"Not guilty, of course," he answered. "Since I do not even know what I am accused of."
"You are accused of murder," the magistrate replied coldly. "And if you cannot give a better account of yourself you will die for it." And he turned to the lawyers' bench. "Let the prosecution state its case."
"Your worshipful honour…" A man dressed in black stood up and addressed the magistrate before turning to the court in general. "Last night, a dreadful double murder occurred. Mistress Jennet Marsh and her husband Martell were both cruelly and heartlessly killed by a murderer who left his own mark upon them in his arrogance. A stranger in a dark cloak was seen following Mistress Jennet at the eighth hour. This morning at the hour before dawn her brother called to bring Martell with him to the fields to begin the harvest and found their mutilated bodies in a pool of blood." The crowd murmured and women sobbed. "The evidence points to THAT man - that stranger - as the murderer of our two townspeople." He pointed to Chrístõ with a venomous look on his face. Chrístõ stood tall and tried not to worry. He knew he was innocent, and surely he could prove it. But when Epsilon stood up, evidently preparing to defend him, he wasn't at all sure if things just got better or worse.
"Your worshipful honour…" he began in an oily voice that did not sound natural to him and set Chrístõ's teeth on edge. "The 'evidence' such as it is cannot possibly be used to convict the accused without corroboration. It is circumstantial at the best…."
He went on at length about the nature of circumstantial evidence and even Chrístõ stopped listening. It was text book theory and not at all what he needed.
"I call my first witness," the prosecutor said and a townsman with a nervous expression was brought to the front of the court. He haltingly gave an account of having seen a man in a black hooded cloak leave the inn at about the eighth hour, following mistress Jennet who had been to buy a jug of ale for her husband's supper. Epsilon challenged him to identify the man he had seen and his eyes flickered to Chrístõ, the only man in the court wearing a black cloak, but he was an honest man and admitted he could not be sure. The eighth hour was dusky and faces were hard to distinguish.
Terry frowned and looked at Epsilon. Last night HE had been wearing a black cloak. Today he was cloakless and dressed in tan coloured leather jerkin and light green leggings, a ridiculous combination, but as far away from black as possible - to take the heat off himself? But then why was he defending Chrístõ?
Another witness swore that he had seen a man in a black cloak go into the Martell home. Again it could not be said that it was Chrístõ.
"But we have the most compelling evidence here…" the prosecutor said. And he gave a signal to the back of the courtroom. Two of the militia came forward carrying wooden boxes. At the front of the courtroom they opened the boxes and lifted out the decapitated heads of the two victims, male and female. Women in the crowded room screamed in shock, the men gasped. Chrístõ looked and saw Cassie being actually physically sick at the sight and Bo taking her out for fresh air. Terry moved his seat up a little bit away from where Cassie had been ill and stayed put. He gave a weak smile at Chrístõ as if to tell him he would stay there for him.
But the 'evidence' the prosecutor said was compelling certainly was. Everyone could see clearly that the symbols had been cut into the foreheads of the two victims with a sharp instrument. The prosecutor showed the ghastly symbols and then drew attention to the silver motif on Chrístõ's cloak.
"These symbols are not known among our people. Nobody from the village did this. And what is the meaning of this symbol? I charge this man, not only with murder, but with witchcraft, for what else could such things mean?"
"I protest," Epsilon shouted. "The use of these symbols only proves that somebody wanted to implicate the accused. There is no evidence that he DID these murders."
"Witchcraft is a capital crime," the magistrate said. "More heinous than simple murder. But the evidence indeed IS compelling." He looked at the two severed heads. "Remove those dread remains and let them be decently buried." He turned to Epsilon. "Present your case for the defence. Let it be brief and to the point, unlike your opening remarks."
"Your honour, I shall call witnesses to prove the accused was nowhere near the house of horror at the time mentioned." And he called, one by one, Terry, Cassie, who looked weak eyed and sick when she came back into the courtroom, and finally Bo, who was close to breaking point. They were each asked to confirm that they were with Chrístõ up to the very latest hour when they went to their chambers at the inn.
Bo cried as she spoke and the townspeople seemed taken by her sweet honesty and almost in sympathy, but the prosecutor had some words more.
"And what," he asked, "Is your relationship with the accused?"
"We are… he is my friend and I love him," Bo said.
"And you spent the night in his bed."
"Yes… but…"
"Even though you are not joined in wedlock you sleep beside this man." The scorn in his voice was evident. The simple and innocent love they shared was being twisted about, and the sympathy that she had engendered melted away. "You are clearly not a fit witness."
Bo came away from giving her evidence crying piteously. Cassie and Terry both embraced her and tried to comfort her. But her tears were nothing yet. There was worse to come. The prosecution repeated the 'evidence' of a black cloaked stranger who followed Mistress Jennet from the inn and reminded everyone of the sinister symbols on the bodies. It was thin evidence, but it seemed to point to Chrístõ, and all he had was the testimony of his friends, who were strangers to the townspeople, and Epsilon's useless blather about the unreliability of circumstantial evidence. Still, he at least hoped that sense would prevail.
"Let the people decide," the magistrate said. "All who believe this man to be guilty, raise your voices now." And a cry of 'guilty' echoed dishearteningly through the courtroom.
"And does anyone say otherwise." Terry, Bo and Cassie were joined by a very few people of the village who said "not guilty," but the majority had clearly spoken. Chrístõ knew there was nothing more to be said or done. It took a great effort to stay calm and composed as he heard the sentence passed upon him.
Tomorrow, at dawn, he would be executed by burning at the stake in the town square. Unless he confessed to his crimes, in which case he would be executed swiftly by beheading instead. There was something more said, but he didn't hear it above Bo's screams and Cassie's tears. He looked at his friends as he was dragged away by the militia. He wished he could give them some comfort. But there was none he could give them. He looked around and saw Epsilon standing alone in an empty space in the middle of the courtroom and his thin-lipped smile filled Chrístõ with more fear and dread even than the execution that awaited him at dawn the next day.
The landlord of the inn was kind to the three friends when they returned there, having nowhere else to go. The main room was full of townspeople still muttering angrily and anticipating the dawn execution, so he brought them to a private room and brought food and ale to them.
"I believe your friend is innocent," the landlord said. "I saw the other man leave after Mistress Jennet. There was something very wrong with that trial. And I am heartily sorry for you all."
"Thank you for that," Terry said on behalf of them all. The landlord nodded and left them to their own devices.
"Oh, it's too horrible," Cassie said. "What are we going to do? Can we rescue him?"
"How?" Terry asked. "The prison is guarded."
"My Chrístõ cannot die," Bo said. "He cannot."
"I'm afraid he can," Terry said. "I know he has that neat trick with bullets and stuff, but he CAN die. He told me. If his body is damaged enough he WILL die. And being burnt alive… that would do it. There is a point where his body will not be able to take any more punishment."
"How will we get home without him?" Cassie asked. "We can't even get into the TARDIS."
"Eps has a TARDIS. I suppose we could ask…" Terry stopped. "No chance. He wouldn't do us any favours."
"He's the real killer, isn't he," Cassie said. "It's obvious."
"Yes. And if these people had stopped for five minutes to check the facts they would have realised. What a trial! What a travesty."
"What they did with the heads…" Bo groaned sickly at the thought. Cassie put her arms around her. "Bo," she said. "Come on, don't cry. It WILL work out. I know it will. Chrístõ will have a plan. He won't just submit. He's made of tougher stuff than that."
"Of course he is." Despite what he had said about Chrístõ's ultimate mortality, Terry was thinking of when he watched him pull a bullet from his own chest and then repair his body. He had some special powers that would help him and he had his quick wit and intelligence. He was sure Chrístõ intended to do something. All they could do was wait and hold onto each other until it all worked out.
Later, they brought some of the good food the landlord gave them to the prison hoping to be able to see Chrístõ. At first the guards refused, but then Terry gave them each one of the smallest of the diamonds in the bag Chrístõ had given him several weeks back - as a currency should they ever be separated, he had said. Well now was the time. They WERE separated. But the diamonds bought them a few hours visiting time with him.
"My Chrístõ," Bo cried as she was let into the cell. She threw herself upon him and as he held her tightly she kissed him frantically. "Oh, my Chrístõ," she said again and again. Cassie and Terry came to him as well, their arms about his shoulders. He was enfolded in all their arms for a long, long bittersweet time before they all were persuaded that even a Time Lord needs to be able to breathe once in a while.
The straw had been changed while the trial was on. A condemned man, it seemed, was entitled not to be eaten by lice on his last night. So it was at least less unpleasant to sit. They all did, in a circle, the two girls either side of Chrístõ, Bo never letting go of his arm except when they gave him the food.
"They seem to have forgotten to feed me," he said. "So this is appreciated."
"You…" Cassie began but she could not go on.
"You've got a plan, surely?" Terry asked. "You're not going to give in are you?"
"Well, there's no escaping from here. Guards all around. But yes, I have a plan. So don't cry, my precious Bo…" Chrístõ put his hand under her chin and kissed her lovingly. "I will be all right. I promise you."
"I'm afraid," she said. "So afraid to lose you." In her grief she launched into a frantic gabble of Mandarin that Chrístõ barely kept up with.
"I'm NOT going to die," he assured her. "Not here, and not now, anyway. Have faith in so much."
"I will try." But her tears betrayed the faith
he was asking her to have in him. There was little he could do to comfort
her. Her presence, at least, was a comfort to HIM.
For a long time nobody said anything. They just sat there with him in the cell, just keeping him company as the time passed by. It got dark outside. One of the guards brought in a stub of candle to light the cell and told them that the payment made only bought them the time up to midnight. After that new guards were on watch who had not been paid.
"I dare say they can be paid, too," Terry said. "We'll stick with you, Chrístõ."
"Thank you," he said. And he was grateful to them. Epsilon had sneered at their friendship. But it was a truer and more precious thing than he had ever known in his life except for the love of his own father. He loved all three of them for their devotion to him.
They were sad hours, and they passed slowly, but not slowly enough. At midnight, indeed, the watch was changed, and there was an expectant greed in the eyes of the new guards which was satiated by Terry. After that they were left alone again. They joined hands and sat quietly as the time ticked by. Finally, a short time before dawn, Chrístõ told them they should go.
"I don't want you to be here in the town when they bring me out there," he said. "Go back to the TARDIS. You're safe there." He gave Terry the key. "You know how to open the door. Have faith. Wait for me. And I'll be with you all soon. I promise you."
"I don't want to leave you," Terry protested. "And the girls don't."
"Terry, you have to look after the girls, get them away from here, back to the TARDIS." He took Terry's hand and squeezed it. Terry reached and hugged him.
"Take care of yourself, Chrístõ," he said. "For all our sakes." Then he stood aside and let the girls say their farewells. As much as Cassie was his sweetheart, he knew how much she had come to love Chrístõ and he never begrudged her affection for him. This night, of all times, he would willingly give her up to him if it gave him a moment of comfort in this terrible time. He watched her hug and kiss him lovingly before she stood aside and let Bo have a few minutes more in his arms. They both felt deeply her pain. Chrístõ had saved her from a terrible life and possibly from being murdered. And now she faced losing him. It was so awful for her, more than any of them.
Chrístõ held onto Bo and kissed her lovingly until the very last moment. Even then, when they left the cell, when the door slammed shut, she put her hand to the grill.
"I love you, my Chrístõ," she called to him. "I love you."
"I love you, too, my precious Bo," he said, blinking back tears and trying to sound brave. He reached his hand up and their fingertips touched before she had to go. "Goodbye, my friends," he called. "Don't stay any longer here. The TARDIS is the safe place for you all." He heard their footsteps receding then and he was alone. Even if it was only for another hour, and even though he had a plan, he felt the loneliness and he wept sorrowfully.
Terry held both girls tightly as he walked through the silent, dark streets. He felt sick in his heart and only half believed that Chrístõ WAS going to be all right. He knew Chrístõ would not die meekly and if he could save himself he would. But it was not easy to see how that would happen.
"Hello, ape-people!" Epsilon leapt in front of them as they walked down the path by the village green trying not to look at the pyre that was being built around a stout stake in one corner.
"What do you want?" Terry asked.
"Just to offer my condolences to you all. It's a damn shame. It's going to break his poor father's heart. Chrístõ, a murderer!"
"You know very well Chrístõ didn't murder anyone," Cassie answered.
"Not what the jury decided, though, is it. It was so easy to fool them."
"Chrístõ is innocent," Terry said. "You know he is. He is innocent. YOU are the guilty one."
"Well of course I am!" he sneered. "But Chrístõ is the one who will burn for it."
"No," Bo cried through her tears. "No, he can't die. He can't. Not for YOUR crime."
"Ah, the little lover! I expect he gave you a good time. But that's all over now. So why don't you come along and be my soul-mate for a while. At least until your novelty value has worn off."
He took hold of Bo by the arm and tried to kiss her. The next moment, though, he found himself flat on the floor and the girl walking away from him. He was humiliated and nobody humiliated him, least of all a slip of a girl. He stood up again and lunged towards her. He barely saw her move this time before he was flying over her shoulder and flat on his back again.
"Go away," Bo said. "Leave us alone." But Epsilon was angry now and the gloves were off as far as he was concerned. The girl was going to DIE along with her lover. He called her a word he knew she would never walk away from and adopted the opening stance of Malvorian Sun Ko Du as she turned on him in the stance of Shaolin Gung Fu. He smiled. Sun Ko Du was by far the superior form of unarmed fighting. But he stopped smiling when her first move was, in fact, a high legged flying kick from Sun Ko Du.
"He taught YOU the secrets of our galaxy?" Epsilon snarled, squaring up to her again.
"Chrístõ taught me many things," Bo said, and she attacked him again, though this time he anticipated her move and blocked it. His sheer weight against hers allowed him to lunge back at her, but she blocked easily. For a while the fight was even like that. They fought through the streets of the town, and the guards on patrol seemed to have no reason to break it up. Rather they seemed to be enjoying the spectacle, and one or two were placing bets - on Bo winning. Epsilon scowled at them menacingly as he squared up to her next move. But it did not come. Instead he saw her perform the near impossible leap that took her vertically up the side wall of a house and up to its roof. Epsilon followed a little more clumsily. She stood perfectly still on the very apex of the roof, an even thinner surface than the six inch planks the masters of the Sun Ko Du discipline trained upon. He leapt towards her and she blocked him expertly. He had to adjust his footing or risk falling. He looked at her and almost admired her technique. But she was a Human….
"An ape-form taught the secrets of Sun Ko Du…. Only a pure blood Time Lord should even begin to learn, let alone master it. Even Thete, the half-blood should not have been allowed. And now he is giving away the secrets to inferiors."
"Chrístõ is a good man."
"He's a dead man as soon as the sun comes up. And you will be dead before then. Or my slave."
"I will never be anyone's slave again!" Bo cried and leapt at him. He anticipated her move and blocked it. She equally skilfully anticipated his move which, had it made contact with her body would have sent her over the edge of the house. They fought on like that, moving down the line of the buildings. Bo was backing up all the time, but not in retreat, rather to get to the end of the line of buildings where a gable end rose sheer. There, as she blocked another of the set piece moves of Sun Ko Du she bent low and came back with a move that was part the Sun Ko Du discipline Chrístõ had taught her in the TARDIS's dojo and part the Shaolin Way that she had learnt in her native China in what seemed like another lifetime. It confused him into blocking in the wrong direction and she connected with his head hard. He slipped and fell down over the gable. He screamed for help and clutched at the guttering. Bo, kind-hearted as she was, tried to help. She reached to grasp his hand but he would have none of it. Even then he called her by that wicked name that burned in her heart. She watched as he fell to the ground below. She saw his body as a darker shadow in the dark alley beside the house and she saw Terry and Cassie running to the sound of his scream. She swung down in a controlled way to the ground just as they reached the alley.
But where was he? The alley was empty.
"He couldn't have survived a fall from up there," Cassie said.
"Yes, he could," Terry replied slowly. "He is the same race as Chrístõ, remember. They can do stuff like that."
"I will kill him next time," Bo declared fiercely. Cassie and Terry both turned to her, a little shocked by such a vow from such a sweet, lovely girl.
"No, you won't," Terry told her. "Chrístõ would not want you to do that." There were voices raised near by in consternation and Terry knew they should not be there. "Come on, let's do what he wanted. Get back to the TARDIS quickly." And he took both girls by the hand and ran with them as fast as he could as the dark night turned to a grey pre-dawn. If Epsilon got in their way again, he thought he might just kill him himself.
Chrístõ knelt in light meditation, calming himself and gathering his strength for the ordeal to come. He was aware of the night turning to day and when they came for him he was ready.
His hands were bound tightly and he was led out into the town square. As he looked at the hostile crowd he almost wished his friends were there. A friendly face would have been nice. The sight of the stake with kindling already piled around it made his hearts quail. He was pushed forward as the crowd moved aside. Some hissed and jeered at him. He was spat at by some. Their hatred was a near palpable thing and it hurt him. His only comfort was the knowledge that he did not mean to put up with it for much longer. But he had to make it look effective, so he humbly submitted as he was tied to the stake.
"Do you have anything to say?" the magistrate asked. "Before your execution for a heinous crime?"
"Only this," he said. "I am an innocent man and you will not this day execute an innocent man. I will walk away from your flames."
"Blasphemer," the magistrate cried and one of the guards struck him across the face. Even though he had already mentally blocked his pain receptors in anticipation of what was to come he reeled backwards from the force of the blow and hit his head against the stake. He lost consciousness for a few minutes and as he came to he was disorientated at first until a grim realisation jolted him awake.
The fire was lit around him and was spreading quickly. He felt the soles of his shoes burning away and his feet and ankles scorching . He felt no pain because he was blocking it but he had lost precious time. He had intended to get away long before the flames reached him.
He began unfastening his bonds using a technique taught to him by the Malvorian monks. Another less urgent time he might have wondered WHY simple monks living on a peaceful mountain needed to know these things. He slowed his breathing so that he wasn't overcome by the smoke that was rising up around him, although none of his Time Lord powers could stop his eyes watering uncomfortably, and nothing could stop the flames that licked around his legs burning his flesh.
At last he felt the bonds slacken. Now, he closed his eyes and slowed time and he leapt over the fire with a standing start jump that would have impressed the monks of Malvoria. His legs hurt when he landed, blocked pain receptors notwithstanding, and he knew he was burnt more badly than he had expected to be, but he had no time to worry about it. There was an absolute maximum of time that you could spend in a slow time envelope. Any longer and you could begin to pull your own cells apart as time fought back. He had to get clear of the village square before he came back to real time.
It wasn't quite enough time. He looked back as he came out of the envelope. There was already a murmur of consternation as the crowds saw their victim disappear from the pyre. A cry went up as they spotted him. And sooner than he expected he heard running feet behind him. He ran as fast as he could, which was not as fast as he should have been able, because he was hurting. He didn't dare look how badly he was burnt. But he knew he was and he knew he couldn't even begin to heal himself yet.
He reached the treeline. He could see the TARDIS. He saw the door open and Terry ran to help him. He could see the girls at the door. He heard the villagers behind him, crashing through the woods and felt an arrow whisk by not more than a few inches from his head. He didn't want to die within yards of freedom. With a final effort they reached the door. Cassie slammed it behind them.
Chrístõ collapsed onto the floor. Both girls screamed as they saw him. His legs were burnt as far as the thighbone. Blackened burnt flesh and red, raw, suppurating patches covered them entirely. Terry looked in astonishment and wondered how he could have walked, let alone run all that way. Time Lord stamina was one thing, but this was impossible.
He felt like hell. He couldn't hold back the tears of pain and he breathed in odd, short gasps. But he smiled, too. He had made it. He looked up into Bo's tear-streaked face and reached his hand towards her.
"Bo, precious," he said and she knelt beside him and kissed him. The nearness of her calmed his racing hearts and his breathing steadied. He was able to begin the tissue regeneration that would make him whole again.
The villagers, meanwhile had reached the TARDIS. They hammered at the door in rage and beat against the sides of what they thought was a wooden hut, dismayed to find they could not break it down.
Inside, the noise was tremendous.
"They're going to get in," Cassie sobbed as she, too, knelt by Chrístõ's side, holding his free hand while Bo held him the other side and kissed him tearfully. They knew he was mending himself. They both knew he could do that. But it still felt heart-sickeningly awful and they both knew that they couldn't leave this place without Chrístõ well enough to pilot the TARDIS. Cassie and Terry knew a few simple things about the navigation panels, but that was all.
"They… can't… get in…" Chrístõ said slowly and clearly in pain. "My TARDIS won't… let anyone in… who would harm us… It… protects us…"
The effort to speak was almost too much. He felt himself losing consciousness. He couldn't do that. He held Bo around the shoulder and pulled himself up into a sitting position. He tried not to look at himself. He could smell the sickening smell of his own burnt flesh and he didn't need to look. But he wanted to be sitting up.
It was a long process and all the time the villagers hammered on the door. Terry flipped on the viewscreen and they all saw the crowd outside. They saw them bringing bales of wood and piling them around the 'hut'. Cassie gave a cry of fright. "They're going to burn the TARDIS." But Chrístõ shook his head and smiled slightly.
"They can't do that either." Then he stretched his long legs and stood up. He was renewed. He still looked like hell, his face streaked with smoke and dust and tears and his clothes burnt rags, but he was whole. Bo looked at him in wonder. It was still amazing to her that the man she loved was so much more than a man. In her culture, he would be regarded as at least semi-divine. For an ordinary woman to love such a man seemed almost blasphemous. For him to return that love, as he did, was a miracle she did not dare question.
He went to the console and put them into temporal orbit. They all wondered what the villagers would think when they saw the hut disappear but they didn't care too much. They were safe. They were together. He checked the drive engines then he went to where his friends still stood, awestruck and glad to see him walking about. He embraced them all at once and held them for a long, long time.
"My dear, faithful friends," he said. "Thank you, all of you, for your faith and your love." Then he told them he was going to shower and change his clothes. When he returned, wearing his usual black ensemble with the leather jacket that seemed so completely a part of him, the nightmare seemed truly over.
"Epsilon got away," Terry noted. "He must have escaped in his own TARDIS."
"Yes, I expect so," Chrístõ agreed.
"Epsilon did the murders," Bo said. "He was so…. He wanted to hurt me…. He…"
"He sure is an odd friend, Chrístõ." Terry observed
"He's not my friend," Chrístõ insisted. "You guys are FRIENDS. He's just somebody who knows my name. And yes, I am sure he is the murderer. And that's…. For a student Time Lord to commit a murder while on field trip…That's something that would shock our society to the core. I can't tell anyone. I'm not sure if Epsilon knows that. I think he probably thinks I'm dead anyway. But I've got to keep his dirty secret for the sake of our people."
"I'm not sure I care as long as we never meet him again," Cassie said.
"I hope we don't," Chrístõ answered with feeling. "But I have a feeling he won't just fade away. I think we shall encounter Rõgæn Koschei Oakdaene again yet. The universe is not THAT big a place that we can hope to lose him."
"Well, if I see him again, he'll be sorry," Cassie added. "And Chrístõ… what I said after Abu Simbel – about next time it's your turn to be rescued…. I take it back. I'll be happy to be the one in trouble – as long as we never have to go through that again."
"There are millions of planets where people don't
want to do us harm," Chrístõ promised her. "I'm
sure we can find some of them." And he smiled because he was, above
all, glad to be alive and among his friends.


text:
'Emery is a little bit crazy' - Pires impressed by new Arsenal manager
Robert Pires has described Unai Emery as 'a little bit crazy' and admits he has been very impressed with the new Arsenal boss.
Emery replaced Arsene Wenger in the summer after the 69-year-old's 22-year reign as manager of the club came to an end, and he has adapted quickly to life in the Premier League.
Under the Spaniard, Arsenal have won 10 of their opening 16 Premier League matches this season and they are enjoying a remarkable 21-game unbeaten run.
But, for former midfielder Pires, Emery's early success has not come as a surprise given his impressive managerial CV.
"I know Unai because of when he used to manage Sevilla and especially Paris Saint-Germain," Pires told iNews.
"He is a winner, he has won a lot of titles: the Europa League with Sevilla, Ligue 1 with Paris Saint-Germain. I think he's put a good spirit inside the dressing room. I think Arsenal have found a new face, maybe with a new philosophy, because this guy is like a warrior.
"You can see him when he's on the bench: he's a little bit crazy, but good crazy."
In Wenger's last few years at the Gunners standards began to slip, and his final two seasons Arsenal finished fifth and sixth respectively – the only times they ever finished outside of the top four under his stewardship.
The Frenchman was criticised in many quarters for his lack of tactical awareness and for failing to communicate with his players, but Pires believes Emery has helped resolve this issue.
"Maybe this is one of the differences between Arsene Wenger and Unai Emery," the 45-year-old conceded.
"But management is very difficult, you need to find a good communication with the players. Sometimes Arsene is more quiet, Unai Emery is more – how do you say? – expressive.
"He wants to help, every minute, the players. You need to talk, you need to have good communication with the players. I think this is a new thing for them, but a good thing."
Pires spent six years at Arsenal and won the Premier League twice, including the fabled 'Invincibles' season.
He also won the FA Cup on three occasions and was part of the Gunners team who reached the Champions League final in 2006


text:
Claudio Bachicha
Sandia High
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Additional Quality Images would be welcome.
Forgeries of the First Issues of Wurttemberg (Click on images for a larger picture)
From an early period the postal service of Württemberg was, with some interruptions, in the hands of the princely House of Thurn and Taxis, but by an agreement dated March 22nd 1851 the Government of Württemberg liberated itself by purchasing the postal privileges from July 1st of that year for the sum of 1,300,000 florins (about $525,000) (which is about $12 million in today's money).
It then proceeded to form its own administration and to join the German-Austrian Postal Union, established by the convention of April 6th 1850. As one of the provisions of this convention required the adoption of postage stamps, preparations were immediately made for providing them.
The London Philatelist for August 1893, points out that "differences in the position of the period after 'Postverein' may be found in all values except the 18kr. There are three types in all. In Type I the period is between the second and third points of the zigzag lines of the border; in type II it is exactly over the second point; and in type III it is exactly above the third point. All three types are found on the 3 kreuzer, types I and II are found in the 1, 6 and 9 kreuzer, while the 18kr is known only with the first type."
1851. Figure of value in square, standing on its tip.
1 Kreuzer black/buff, light/ buff, straw-yellow.
3 Kreuzer black/ yellow, dark/yellow.
6 Kreuzer black /green, blue-green.
9 Kreuzer black/pale rose.
18 Kreuzer black/lilac, dull violet.
Imperforate. Typographed.
Size of stamp picture: 22 : 22:14 to 22 4/5 : 23 2/5 mm.
Genuine Traits
1. 2 dots above the u
2. The two "r's" in "Wurttemberg" in the upper inscription band have no spur.
3. The right ornament of the two ornaments to the right and left of the upper tip of the square, is somewhat higher than the left.
4. The final dot of the "g" in "Wurttemberg" is very near to the upper part of this letter. And is diamond shaped.
5. & 6. Dots are square shaped.
7. The upper spur of the "k" in "Freimarke" is very long.
8. In the 1 Kreuzer value the second background line of the center piece in the third square is interrupted.
9. Thirty-two tips of the zigzag lines in the side label may be counted.
10. The serif of the "1" is long and curved.
11. Note the position of the dot in the 2nd square from the left. Different for other values.
Forgeries of the 1 Kr
Genuine left and forgery right with areas of concern
"W" touching upper frame. Round dot instead of a square one
Thick lines in all corner designs. Corner branch & grapes reversed
Narrow section of squares. The serif of the "1" is not curved.
A decent forgery that sold on eBay in 2016 for $75 with several bidders.
The first sign of forgery should have been the guide lines around
No dot after Freimarke or 1850
The serif on the 1 curves the wrong way.
A modern Peter Winter forgery. Excellent with only a few issues
The serif of the "1" is not curved. The dot after the last word top left is too close
The last "e" at the bottom is not shaped properly
1851 Mi 2a
Aside from the genuine traits of the 1Kr, there appears to be some consistent breaks in the 2 places noted.
There are several varieties of the 3 Kr and a note in an 1920 article notes;
"It may be noted that occasionally one or both of the full stops are wanting after the 'v' or the '6' in the inscription in the right tablet of the 3 kreuzer, and there is a difference in the position of the stop after the word 'Postverein' in the left tablet. The first of these is probably due to imperfections in the molds from which the electrotypes were made, while the second points to the making of new plates."
Mi 2c & 2d IVa – the red line indicates a break which is fairly consistent.
Forgeries of the 3 Kr
Peter Winter forgery of probably a 2d
The honeycomb background has too many breaks and the shapes are inconsistent.
6 Kr yellow green on very thin paper.
Same genuine characteristics as before.
The break shown is fairly consistent.
Forgeries of the 6 Kr
Left genuine, right forgery
This is a fairly good forgery, possibly a Sperati
1. Odd shaped 't"
2. Letters not aligned
3. Dot in triangle
4. "F" touches the frame line
5. Frame lime is wandering and not a single unit
Peter Winter forgery with many broken and incomplete lines
9 Kr Mi4a dark rose & 4b bright rose – all the previous characteristics apply.
Forgeries of the 9 Kr
Peter winter forgery. Many broken or missing lines, Shapes around the numeral are inconsistent.
18 Kr Mi 5 Type II (The line under "Wurttemberg" tapers from left to right)
1. The ornament on the right of the upper tip of the central square is smaller than the ornament to the left of the tip.
2. In the upper part of the "8" there are 9 visible hatch lines, the last one (10th) at the top is usually faded. ,
3. The lower part of the "8" has eleven shading lines.
4. In the lower inscription label , the upper end line of the ornament, consisting of grapes, is broken.
5. The end of the lower runner carries on into the main stem.
6 . The period behind " Freimarke" & "Wurttemburg" is diamond-shaped.
7 . At the top of the "k" in " Freimarke" there is a long spur.
8. The zigzag lines in the side labels have thirty-two tips.
9. The up-stroke of the figure 1 is long and curved.
The horizontal lines surrounding the value are 25 in number.
18 Kr Mi 5 Type I (The line under "Wurttemberg" is even)
Forgeries of the 18 Kr
It appears that this issue got the most attention from the forgers
Both of these the serif on the "1" is too short and not curved
Letters like the "b" and the "F" touch the frame
On the left, the bottom left ornament is too far from the frame line
The small lettering on the right one is blotchy
Left Fournier forgery, small letters wander and the large ones are too narrow and do not match the original at all
Right, Sperati forgery, with a few tell tale errors.
Many broken lines inside the "8"
The frame on the right has an irregular area
There is a notch in the bottom right frame
The top left corner frame has a break
There are also many other forgeries that are the wrong color and very crude.
Some Peter Winter forgeries on covers
Fake Cancels
'* CANNSTATT 15 JUN 99 * in a single circle
'OKT 13 10-11 V M.NECKAR F' part of a circular cancel
'STUTTGART 21 NOV 11-12 1861' in a double circle
'KIRCHHEIM 9 OKT 13' part of a circular cancel
'TUTTGART Nr1 17 KT 3' part of a circular cancel
'NIJAGST' part of a circular cancel
'TUTTLINGEN 2 APR 1867 3 N 6' circular cancel (two rings outside and one inner circle)
'STUTTGART 12 4 (1) ' in a single circle
'STUTTGART 2 MAR 18??' circular cancel (two rings outside and one inner circle)
'STUTTGART 24 NOV. 1868 3 N 6' circular cancel (two rings outside and one inner circle)
'STUTT POST JU' part of a fan cancel
The catalog value of genuine unused stamps is much higher than used ones.
Aside from the forgeries which are generally distinguishable, the reprints pose the biggest issue to collectors.
The 2nd row of CV's is the used value (2014)
There are three types of reprints:
Official Sept. 1864, smooth paper; thin gumming;
Official 1865, 1 Kr smooth paper, 3-9 Kr Rough paper. Without gum
Official 1865, numerous, various color paper. Gummed and ungummed paper. 102 different known. As these reprints were printed singly, the margins are much wider than in the previous reprints.
The center piece of the reprints is that of the original.
The frame lines were produced anew along with the inscriptions by a single die. This is where you can note the differences.
Characteristics of reprints
The two "r's" in "Wurttemberg" have a small spur.
The "b" in "Wurttemberg" is shorter than in the original.
The distance of the ending dot of the "g" in "Wurttemberg," from the top of that letter, is slightly bigger than in the original.
The spur of the "k" in "Freimarke" is short.
The grape-like ornament at the bottom right does not contact the frame line.
The period after "Freimarke" is round.
The zigzag lines on the sides have twenty-nine tips.
The distance of the "W" of "Wurttemberg" from the frame line is 1.5 mm. (in the original 1 mm.)
This is a 1865 reprint in one of the many colors
The Serrane Guide to Stamp Forgeries
H. Bynof-Smith: Forged Postage Stamps of Europe and Colonieis
Album Weeds – How to Detect Forged Stamps, R.B. Earée: 3rd Edition
650 falsche stempel und Prufzeichen BDph
German Philatelic Society Reference Manual of Forgeries
Fritz Billig: Großes Handbuch der Fälschungen, WÜRTTEMBERG 1935
Distinguishing Characteristics of Classic Stamps: Old German States, Hermann Schloss
German.Empire.Stamps. Poole
Germany Specialized.1849.1945.Michel
Germany States Vol 3, Muller, 1933
The Forged Stamps of All Countries, Dorn, J.
Altdeutschland spezial-katalog und handbuch, Grobe 1963
Handbuch der Postfreimarkenkunde Altdeutsche Staaten, Krötzsch
Altdeutschland – Württemberg/ Allgemein: 1952
Handbuch Der Neudrucke , Paul Ohrt, 1938.
Handbok för filatelister Sigurd Tullberg.
Étude sur les Faux Timbres d'Europe, A. de Haene
Handbuch der Wurttemberg-philatelie : kreuzerzeit 1851-1875