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I had been ready to marry earlier than he was, and
during the period I wanted to but he did not want to
marry, we would have fights about why he wasn't
proposing, why he didn't want to marry me. I think we
had a fight like that once every few months.
Until one day, as we were having another familiar
fight about how upset I was that he not proposing (I
had moved to another country to be with him, had
sacrificed a lot with nothing guaranteed), he
confessed that he had been looking for a ring these
past few weeks and that it was a matter of days that
he was actually going to propose. He was telling the
truth. A friend of his later told me he had asked her
where he could get good engagement rings.
So, it was like he proposed while we were having a
fight, while I was mad at him. This is not the kind
of proposal I had dreamed of. My fiancee says he is
sorry that things turned out that way, that he wasn't
able to make the moment more memorable. He said I
should have just said no when he proposed while I was
angry. That way, he could propose again more
But, the milk is spilt. What should have been a
special moment is an embarassment. When people ask us
how he proposed, I want to hide. I wish we had a
really cool story to tell.
I guess I am being pretty petty, since I should just
be happy that I am engaged to a man I have loved for a
long time. It helps to see that my finacee seems to
be happy that we are engaged. But still, I am
somewhat sad. How do you think I can get over this?
Wasn't your goal to get married to this man? Aren't you about to get what you always wanted, what you moved to another country for? So why can't you be happy? Hardly anybody gets their fantasy marriage proposal. In your case, after repeatedly fighting about this, you should count yourself lucky to have gotten any kind of proposal at all. The fighting could have easily scared him off.
So instead of fussing about not having your fantasy, think about your goal, which is to be married. Keep focused on the wonderful life you and your fiance can build together and stop being negative. Forget the past. There's nothing you can do about it. By dwelling on the fact that you didn't get the fantasy proposal, you're allowing the past to ruin what should be the happiest time of your life. Instead of enjoying being engaged, you're thinking about what you didn't get.
Isn't it amazing how we can all recite everything we didn't get, but hardly anybody can appreciate what they do have. Stop beating up your fiance for not giving you the "right" kind of proposal. He's not responsible for making all your dreams come true. Instead, love him and be happy with him. Perhaps you are so used to fighting with him that you can't give up the fights. Your fighting worries me. Don't let it become a pattern in your relationship.
Life hardly ever works out to be like we dreamed it would be. So you didn't get your dream proposal. So what? It doesn't mean that your marriage will be any less happy. If people ask how he proposed, simply tell them it was wonderful and made you very happy. If they press you for details, tell them it's private.
You are being petty. You can simply decide to put this behind you and get on with your life. That's how you can get over it. Just do it. This is no big deal.
Good luck,
Dr. Tracy
I'm a big girl. Men don't seem to like big women, at least none of the men that I have met. Every guy I've ever tried to approach either became a good friend, brushed me off completely due to my size or just laughed in my face at the thought of my interest/affection. I've come to realize and accept that I am big, and that I am also pretty. It took a very long time for me to admit to myself that I actually was pretty. But I can do that now. Being pretty is obviously not enough. If I had the body to go with the face I probably couldn't keep the men away. But I don't. I have a lot of qualities, a lot to offer someone who would be interested... But I'm at the point where I am not going to completely "morph" my body into something (that I desperately want to be) just to make someone fall in love with me. This is me and this is part of who I am.
I want someone to see me, get to know me, come to accept me, and hopefully fall in love with me. If that could happen then I would lose the weight instantly. I have in the past, out of pure love for someone. And I can do it again. I don't know, this whole thing isn't entirely a weight issue. I just don't know what I'm doing wrong, I can't deal with the rejection I am faced with when asking someone out and then getting brutally turned away. I won't do it anymore. But if I could just find someone, if I could just do something to get someone attracted to me, I don't know what.. but I would try it. I recently lost 15 lbs. in an effort to lose it all, to reach my goal of finding love. But then it dawned on me that someone should accept me for who I am completely, and THEN I will take care of it.
I have so much love to offer someone. I'm very giving, and trust worthy, and honest, compassionate. I've got so much love built up inside me,.. it's boiling over and I've got no where to release it. My emotions and feelings are reserved for that special someone. There has got to be someone out there for me, I just don't know who, or when, or where? My son is the result of an online relationship gone completely wrong. And to him (my baby) I'm terribly sorry. Now it's my duty for him to find him a loving father, and for myself a loving husband. I want to skip all the dating stuff and go straight to marriage, I have no life, no social life anyhow, I can't go out to "dating scenes" and meet people. And if I could I'd probably be the only fat lady in the "house".
I've got a good personality and I'm highly active regardless of my weight. And most of my activities are outdoors types. There's so much I want to do with my life but I don't want to do it alone. I want to fulfill someone else's hopes and dreams and heart, as I want someone to fulfill mine.. What do I do? I can not bare to be alone for the rest of my life.. and most importantly I can't bare to let my son down. Please help me if you can. Or disregaurd this email, I have no money to pay you if you are able to answer this letter. But God bless you for those people you are able to help. Thanks for your time.
Why don't you look for a man who likes big women? There are lots of men out there who don't like thin women, whose idea of sexy means plump, even fat. So instead of aproaching men who want a thin woman and being rebuffed and hurt, look for a man who will love you for what you have to offer, not for how thin you are.
I know you had a bad experience with an online relationship, but don't let that create a mental block. Every relationship is different, online or offline. And you now know some of the pitfalls of Internet dating, so put your experience to use. Do a search on Google.com or one of the other search engines for "big women dating" or just "big women." You'll be amazed at all the sites that are out there that are just for men and women who are larger or men who are turned on by large size women. Being pretty will be just fine with them, and they will adore your body just the way it is.
You say that you have lost weight in the past out of pure love for someone. The best way to lose weight is out of pure love for yourself. The reason you gained the weight back and didn't really succeed in losing, either then or now, although 15 pounds is an accomplishment, is that you are doing it for others, not for yourself.
Your losing weight has nothing to do with whether someone else loves you. It has everything to do with you loving yourself. If you care for yourself and for your son, then you will lose the weight for your health so that you can be around for a long time to love your son.
Perhaps if you found someone who loves you the way you are, then you will begin to love yourself enough to decide to take the weight off. For right now, the way to find love is to put yourself out there as fat and happy and ready to date.
Don't think you can skip dating and go right to marriage. That's absolutely the worst thing you could do. Dating is an important prelude to marriage. You need to date to find out if the man is someone you could spend your life with. Besides, you owe it to yourself to enjoy the whole courting process with a man who things you're beautiful just the way you are.
We started seeing each other a lot and about two weeks into it, we've made a committment to be steady boyfriend and girlfriend. One night, while I was on my way back from a business trip she asked if I wanted her to come over. I was surprised since I wasn't going to be home until about midnight, but I told her I do. She came over and as we were cuddling, she giggled. I asked her what was on her mind and she told me that she was on the phone with one of her good friends the night before and expressed how much she was missing me. Her friend asked her "You are in love aren't you?". She looked up at me and said "I do love you William." for the very first time. My heart melted and I felt a feeling never felt before. I told her that I loved her too.
Everything was going well with our relationship until our first months aniversary. I wrote her a poem and she cried when you received it and told me that she loved me.
The next day was Saturday and we were suppose to spend time together. She had stayed at a friends house the night before and was suppose to call me to get together. She didn't call me until about 12PM and told me that she was having breakfast and would call me back. I didn't hear from her for another hour and decided to call her. She said that she doesn't know what was going on yet and that she was still with her friends. She has to go with their schedule because she wasn't the one driving and that she would call me once she knew what was going on. I waited patiently at home until about 3:30PM and couldn't handle it anymore. I was a little bit upset and called her once more. This time I noticed her sobbing. She said that she's been thinking a lot and needs to think some more. I asked her if she is still coming over. She said yes and that she'll call me in 20 minutes.
After 20 minutes, my phone rang and it was her... still sobbing. I asked her what was going on and she told me that she cares about me but is really confused and needs some time to think and be away from me. I begged her to differ, and not let us go because of fear of love. She said that she thought she wanted to be in a relationship, but now realized that she wasn't ready for one of this type. I was devistated and asked her if we could at least talk about this in person. She said that she can't and told me that we are no longer one. I asked her to tell me that she doesn't love me so that it will help me overcome. She couldn't. She told me that she had to go and asked if I wanted her to call me later. I said Yes.
The next few hours were the worst moments of my life. I drove over to her house but there was no one there. After getting back home, I tried everything to keep my mind of it, calling friends, playing game, sleeping, etc.. only to fail. I drove over there once more without any luck and decided to go visit my mom so I wouldn't be by myself.
Later that night, about 9PM, my phone rang once again and it was her. She asked if I was okay. In my mind, I quickly decided that I should be okay and hope for the best. I told her that I was okay and hope that she was feeling better. She said that she is still sad. She said sorry for doing this to me and even said that she misses me. I told her that she knows who I am, where I live, my phone number, my email address, and most importantly, that I loved her and care for her. And that I would give her time and I'll be here if she needed me. We parted good-bye.
I went home later that night in misery. I tried to sleep but couldn't. As hard as I tried not to, I picked up my phone and called her. She asked me if I called to say goodnight, and I answer "yes". She answered and said that she couldn't really talk cause she is on her way to a party with her friends. She told me that she would call me sometimes tomorrow.
It's 5AM right now and yes I'm awake. I had two hours of sleep last night and could not think of anything but my Princess. I don't know whether to stay strong and avoid her or to run to her and fight for my love. I had always been a strong person emotionally until now. What does she really want? Is there any hope? Does she want me to come beg to gives us a chance and let our love grow or will that only scare her away further? What should a prince do to keep his dear princess?
Relationships are meant to grow and be nurtured over a period of time. It should take at least 3 - 6 months to fall in love. Even if you think you're falling in love faster, you should take it slowly and never ever start saying the "I love you's" until you've been dating for at least 3 months.
When the princess said she loved you, that wasn't a cue for your heart to melt, it was a signal for your head to say "Uh-oh. Too soon. Something's wrong here." You see, people who fall in love too fast also fall out of love too fast. You should have told her something like, "I have strong feelings for you, too, but we've only known each other for a few weeks. Let's keep going and see if it's really love."
Instead of hearing alarm bells, you allowed yourself to be trapped into saying "I love you" too soon. Once you've said the "L word," then where do you go from there? The idea is to wait to say the words, to build up to it slowly.
You also overwhelmed your princess with too much time together, too many phone calls, and too much of you too quickly. So now, don't call her, don't email her, don't drive by her house or talk to her friends. The best thing for you to do is avoid her totally. It's possible that she will miss you so much that she will want you back. If that happens, then you should take it slowly. Let your love grow for a few months until it gets back to where it was and maybe surpasses that point.
The last thing you should do is go to her and beg. Men who beg for love are a huge turn-off. A woman, even a princess, wants a man who is a little hard to get, a man whom other women want, someone they are afraid of losing. A woman wants a prize, not a beggar.
Good luck,
Dr. Tracy says, "Is your question urgent? Many of the most beseeching, desperate messages
I get are not answered in this column because the answer is just a couple of clicks away in my
Love Library. Have you tried my Love Library? I know that nobody goes to libraries anymore, but check this one out -- it's so easily searchable that it's fun and easy to use!"
If you can't find your answer in the Library and you feel you MUST have an answer, you can
get a personal answer from Dr. Tracy within two business days by availing yourself of her inexpensive
private counseling.
You may submit your question to Dr.Tracy's column by e-mail here. (Tips: to increase your chances of having your question chosen, state your age and your marital history, and remember to use paragraph breaks so that your question isn't just one big, hard-to-read clump of words. Also, questions in all caps won't be answered.)
copyright 1995-2011 Tracy Cabot


text:
The Queen of Hip Hop Soul, Mary J Blige joined Burger King to endorse their new menu. No big news right? But wait.. The commercial collaboration between Blige and Burger King debuted the other day. It's best described as this is when all he!l broke loose. After fans watched the songstress belt out her love for chicken, they took to social media to express their disgust. I won't post all the negativity but let's just say there are a lot of c words used.
Burger King has since removed the video of the ad from their YouTube channel stating that there were licensing issues with the music. Yeah right.
Tags: MaryJBlige
Posted by Callie Controversy, News, Social Media Subscribe to RSS feed

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ontario freshwater fish processor makes optimal use of cutting-edge thermoforming technologies to fine-tune production line efficiencies and to gain market share
Adhesive technologies keep evolving with the times to remain an indispensable technology asset for progressive packaging end-users worldwide.
Leading Canadian perogies manufacturer leverages product authenticity and technological competence to remain on its fast-growth trajectory.
New printing press propels Ontario boxmaker to the next level of technical prowess
Short-run flexibility and personal customer service keep family-owned paperbox manufacturer on solid ground


text:
On September 6th, I attended IMSTA FEST in Toronto. Its a trade show for music software nerds. Ryerson was the host. The main speaker was Young Guru. Young Guru is an engineer, DJ and professor. He engineered 10 of Jay-Z's albums. He was supposed to speak for an hour. He went for about an hour and a half. Its been over a week and his words are still heavy on my mind. The crowd in attendance were hanging on his every word. I'll leave you with ONE of the many jewels he dropped on us.
We, as engineers, are in the Service Business. Much like a hotel or a concierge. Our ONLY aim is to satisfy the customer. If a customer wants me as an engineer to record their farts, they will hear the best recorded farts in the history of the world. Our ego is secondary (or even tertiary) in relation to the needs of the customer. Humility is a crucial factor in survival in this industry.
Again, this is one of the many pieces of wisdom that Guru dropped. After the session, he stayed for over an hour answering questions from the attendees. I was able to get one in.
'Guru, you have been in this game for a while. You've seen people rise and fall. How have you survived the game?'
'Always stay hungry. Never stay stagnant. I don't ever look back and say "Look at this record I did". I'm always trying to be better as an engineer. I don't have plaques up in my house, except for the first plaque we as Roc-A-Fella achieved as a milestone. My mom can have my plaques.'
Guru, you have gained an admirer. Thanks again.
(Interested in hearing from Guru? Go here, here, here, and here. You won't be disappointed!)


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Let me set the scene. It's Monday morning, there is a small line building at the [easyazon_link asin="B00AQ9NI36″ locale="US" new_window="yes" nofollow="default" tag="webtechdeals-20″]fancy coffee maker[/easyazon_link], you know the one with all those [easyazon_link asin="B004UZCADG" locale="US" new_window="default" nofollow="default" tag="webtechdeals-20″]blue leds[/easyazon_link]. Something isn't quite right though, it's just beeping and not spewing out any hot java goodness. You've already had several cups of coffee as you have been at the office at least a good 3 or 4 hours before the regular office staff working on a large scale deployment of the newest and greatest things because your job requires you to take care of things with as little disruption to the office staff's YouTube video watching antics as possible.
Then you get several phone calls. No, not the usual "my computer is slow because I'm downloading a 10 year compilation archive of cat pictures from around the world." These calls are about the coffee maker not working. You know, that fancy new [easyazon_link asin="B00AQ9NI36″ locale="US" new_window="yes" nofollow="default" tag="webtechdeals-20″]Keurig[/easyazon_link] or [easyazon_link asin="B00005IBX9″ locale="US" new_window="yes" nofollow="default" tag="webtechdeals-20″]Cuisinart[/easyazon_link] or whatever it is they have now.
Just when you day is nearly half over, at least the part where you are required to be at the office, you now have open trouble tickets for the coffee maker of all things. We know the reality of supporting technology is that you never really get time off. You kindly reply to your co-workers that you really can't help with the coffee maker, most of them have a puzzled look and ask you "why not?" You give them the basic explanation about how things work and that you are responsible for things like computers, office phones, fax machines, cell phones, etc… They sigh quietly and retreat to their cubicles.
An hour later you get a phone call from the boss asking what the problem is with the coffee maker. At this point you're pretty frustrated that you are now responsible for the operation and maintenance of the office coffee maker, the water cooler is probably next.
If it has a power button and blinking lights chances are very good that it will become your problem. I keep an extra coffee maker brand new in box stashed in the IT supply room, it has a special label on it, "performance upgrade." Problem solved!


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We are officially one month into the new location and literally EVERY thursday, friday and saturday night have been packed! We are still making improvements to the new spot, but everything is going so good so far! I cant thank you all enough for the support! We brought in the photog to grab some pics last night. If you wanna see those, click HERE for the facebook gallery. I will be DJing up in the mountains this weekend but I will be back in Boulder next friday. Hope to see you all soon!
Pics From Last Night – Thursday, 6.21.18 – 1123 Walnut St
by DJ Petey on June 22, 2018 | No Comments


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It helps to keep the old idiom "How long is a piece of string?" in mind when trying to figure out the budget for a strategic organization solution.
Because every single Sort and Toss project is different, so too are the associated costs. Helping a client downsize and relocate, for example, would require considerably more resources than organizing a few rooms. Regardless of the scope and nature of your organization project, however, there are three assurances we can provide to assist in your decision-making. First and foremost, Sort and Toss sets its fees in accordance with industry standards for professional organizers. Secondly, you will receive a written budget for your review and approval before any costs are incurred. And in the event that hard costs are incurred (to purchase storage bins or make trips to the landfill, etc.), you will receive a copy of all receipts.
Interested in learning more? Review our How We Work section or Contact Us today for your complimentary on-site consultation!


text: My dream trip is to go north to south from the Nordkapp to the toe of Italy. Has anybody else done a trip starting from the Nordkapp? If so what's the best way? E.g. where is the nearest airport and do you have to cycle from there to the cape?


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You can read about chipping out the sump, or skip ahead to the next post on installing the Waterguard by using the links below.
Day 1 - Chipping out a the sump
Day 3 - Installing the Waterguard and Membrane
Day 4 - Plumbing the sump
Day 5 - Concrete pour!
Day 6 - Membrane and lower shelf
Day 7 - Final shelf and panelling
The usual disclaimers apply -- I'm not a professional and this is total Do It Yourself (DIY) project. Seek professional input prior to attempting this project. It is NOT an easy project and requires a significant amount of work, knowledge and capability. Make sure you fully understand all relevant design, structural, and geotechnical aspects, including the building code and applicable bylaws prior to starting. Any doubts, hire someone qualified :) We've had good success (so far), but that isn't a prediction of success at other sites.
It was a straight forward job and not at all complicated. A few interesting spots like the where water service comes in of course, or spots where I was a tad worried about the shoring jacks and how close my trench get to the supports of my house... A few pictures, here we go.
Step 1 - Laying out the trench:
Around 3 of the 4 walls, the trench was flush to the wall, so we didn't really need to any layout. At the bedrock portion, I first laid out a baseline perpendicular to the bedrock at a convenient place (the leftmost line). Then the trench was easilymeasured from the baseline. If you look, you'll see the trench will go between the two jack posts. I was worried about the possibility of the jack post shifting or the weathered rock around the post failing. Step two was adding a temporary support just in case
Step 2 - Adding a temporary wood post beside a jack post
The wood post on the left was added just in the the shoring jack moved due to the trench close by. In the end I didn't need to worry about it, the rock was quite competent there.
Step 3 -Chipping and more chipping
For my floor, which was 1 to 3 inches of concrete, followed by slightly to highly weathered shaly limestone bedrock, I think having the large breaker made a big difference. We definitely could have got it done with only the smaller one, but it might have been more than one day. We chipped using both breakers from 8:00AM to 1:30PM or so.
I tested the sump liner in the hole I chipped previously (link here, will open in new window). Thankfully it fit and no more chipping needed!
And here is what ended up in the dumpster. The perspective is a bit off, I think we filled this 5 metric tonne dumpster just less than half way So, I guess we got about 2 metric tonnes worth, lets say 1,800 to 2,000 kg. It was a mix of concrete rock and highly weathered rock (pretty much soil at that point).
Next Steps
The next day will be getting 19mm clear stone and layout out the water guard. I'll need to start thinking about the membrane for the walls now too.
You can read about chipping out the sump, or read the next post on installing the waterguard by using
Day 1 - Chipping out a the sump
Day 3 - Installing the Waterguard and Membrane
Day 4 - Plumbing the sump
Day 5 - Concrete pour!
More to come!


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Levin's Alexa skill Kids Court won the $20,000 Grand Prize, plus a $5,000 Finalist Prize, in the Alexa Skills Challenge: Kids. And Adva Levin is not a developer. "I'm a content writer and a designer, not a developer," says Levin. "I knew I wanted to do something with voice and kids. When Amazon announced the competition, it was a huge motivation for me to get into the Alexa space."
According to Amazon, the competition Alexa Skills Challenge: Kids had a total of 20 finalists. Developers representing 30 countries around the globe were in competition. The submissions occurred until January 10, and the skill had to be on the U.S. Alexa Skill Store.
The winner: Alexa, Open Kids Court!
See here the other winners: Animal Workout, Panda Rescue, Lemonade Stand, Science Buddy, Music Bop.


text:
Ko Phan is a small island off the coast of Ko Samui in Thailand. Ko Phan is famous for being home
to Wat Phra Yai (the Big Buddha Temple) and the Big Buddha statue.
Public Art At Ko Phan
Big Buddha statue
Copyright GlobeVista- All Rights Reserved 2014
We request that all copyright laws are respected in regards to the artists, sculptors and architects
work represented on this website.


text:
The Autism Job Club: The Neurodiverse Workforce in the New Normal of Employment
The book has its basis in the autism job club that the authors have been part of in the San Francisco Bay Area, the job-creation and job-placement efforts the club has undertaken, and similar efforts throughout the United States.
The authors review the high unemployment rates among adults with autism and other neuro- diverse conditions more than two decades after the ADA. Bernick and Holden also outline and explain six strategies that, taken together, will reshape employment for adults with autism: the art of the autism job coach; the autism advantage in technology employment; autism employment and the internet economy; autism employment and the practical/craft economy; autism and extra-governmental job networks; autism and public service employment.
The Autism Job Club is a vital resource for adults with autism, their families, and advocates who are committed to neuro-diverse employment, not unemployment. But it also speaks to a far broader audience interested in how to carve out a place for themselves or others in an increasingly competitive job world.
2 in stock
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National Geographic : 1913 Mar
THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE durance after a few years; but by that time they knew that they would be ready for war, and were content. The general lines of this program were carried out. The powers, as so often be fore, failed to meet the expectations of the allies and drafted an ultimatum to the Balkan governments, the terms of which were almost immediately made ridiculous by the fortunes of war. The rest is now history; and when the treaty of London is finally cast into enduring terms, it will be found that the Balkan allies have remade the map of Europe as none have done for a century. Will it prove that they have also put an end to the specter which has so long lurked behind every aspect of the Near Eastern question? That they have found tranquillity for lands long harassed? That they have, to use the words of Lloyd-George, extended the boundaries of liberty and good government? That they have brought deliverance to the oppressed? That they have, in short, opened a new era in the Near East, in the course of which those long in terror and subjuga tion may enjoy life, liberty, and the pur suit of happiness, and in which a plente ous prosperity shall reign in a region where desolation and poverty have so long held sway? They so believe, and I with them. MEGASPELEON, THE OLDEST MONASTERY IN GREECE BY CARROLL STORRS ALDEN With Photographs taken by the Author I REMEMBER the consternation with which, when a small boy, I heard my uncle observe that Americans were overrunning Europe, and that in a few years there would be not even a village they had not visited and made common. The doom of Europe was thus pronounced. With dismay I realized that when I became a man and traveled like my uncle, Germany, Russia, and all other lands would be completely tamed; I would see them but as Chicago (my home city) repeated again and again. However, Europe is like one of those old home-spun garments which, though slightly faded, is extremely durable; and, as patching is not an easy process, most of Europe still remains Europe. Ameri cans are far from being everywhere, and on going to Greece in a recent summer I wandered for several weeks through city and village, and outside of Athens met just three of my countrymen-one man and two college women. Under such conditions the sociable man is likely to feel intensely lonely, and it is curious how he will sometimes en- courage himself, as he might a child, by appealing to his pride; thus, if I did not emphatically approve, at least I made no remonstrance as the solitary young Texan I met at Tiryns denounced our country men as poor creatures of convention, traveling only where thousands had pre ceded them, and shrinking timidly when they encountered the least hardship. "They're even afraid of dirt," he con temptuously concluded. It was plain that he was not, and I presume that I also bore the dark badge of courage. THE MONKS IN THE CAVES One of the places in Greece fairly easy of access, yet rarely visited by Ameri cans, is the monastery of Megaspelaeon. As the name signifies, it is the monastery of the Great Cave, and the cave-dwellers, though not belonging to prehistoric times, are like a relic of the middle ages. It is the oldest of Greek monasteries, tradition affirming that it was founded in the fourth century; probably the real date is about I,ooo years later; it is also the richest, for it has extensive holdings 310
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The scan(s) and data are available for unlimited academic/research purposes. Please cite the web page as follows: O.W. Henson, et al., Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and The Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, NC, Copyright 2000.
The scans are available as self extracting archives. Double click on the file and it will expand into an uncompressed file in TIFF or PICS format. Tecnical information such as field of view and dimension can be found in the headfile which is in the "Info folder" with each stack. Headfiles are text files and can be opened with Word or SimpleText. Not all scans have headfiles. Additional descriptions of the scans are found on the Additional information web page.
Comments and questions can be directed to Dr. Henson (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Segmented Stacks
Segmented stacks have structures already designated. Not all stacks have all structures segmented. The following color scheme was used for 3D reconstructions. Each number shown below represents a shade of gray in NIH Image. Reconstructed structures in NIH Image were changed to these values to facilitate analysis of individual structures, especially when being transfered to another platform (i.e. Silicon Graphics).
Color - structure
0 Otolyths
1 Primary Osseus Spiral Laminae
2 Tympanic Bone
5 Otic Capsule
7 Stapedial Bone (Skeletal Element of Paauw) sometimes Tympanic Bone
10 Spiral Ligament
20 Incus/Malleus
30 Stapes
40 Scala Tympani
45 Cochlear aquiduct
60 Scala Media
70 Semi-Circular Canals and Vestibule
80 Scala Vestibuli
90 Stapedial Muscle
100 Tympanic Mmebrane
110 Endolymphatic Sac
120 Cochlea Nerve
125 Stapedial Nerve
130 Stapedial artery
135 Round Window Membrane
140 Stapedial Muscle or tensor tympani
These colors can be changed using the Change color macro in NIH Image. See the NIH Image Segmenting web page for more information.


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1. Hong Kong Workshop : Attended by over 2 dozen participants. Majority were Yoga Teachers.
2. Taipei Visit : Overwhelmed. Mostly yoga teachers took the benefits from this event and learnt
the insight of yoga therapy.
3. Visit to Mathuradevi College Students : A seva for Studnets to be awakened for Yoga and
4. Parmanand Ashram and Meditation Center: On auspicious day of Full Moon day, Datta Jaiyanti, December10th,
2011, Foundation laying
Ceremony and Land Purification Ceremonies were performed by Swami Paramand Giriji Maharaj.
Swamiji was welcomed and respected by many prominent personalities of the State and local bodies.Professionals,
Industrialists, Politicians, and Devotees.
Program was performed by 11 International Students of Paramanand Institute of Yoga Sciences & Research.
They performed Bliss Yoga Dance, Images and Erin performed beautiful solo dance on Dholak .
In this Ashram and Meditation Center following buildings are proposed:
1. Yoga and Meditation Halls,
2. Meditation Huts
3. Residential Complex
4. Ayurveda Gardens
First phase is expected to be completed by the end of 2012.
Swamiji blessed and told the gatherings,
"There are different levels and steps towards Ultimate Yoga..
Lowest Level: Visiting Spiritual places
Medium Level : Study Scriptures
Higher Level : Meditation
Highest Level: Sahaj (Spontaneous)
Paramanand Meditation Center has two meanings:
Paramanand is is my name is one thing but more important is its meaning with essence:
Param means : Supreme
Anand means : Bliss
So he gave his blessings that Paramanand Mediation Center will lead you to Ultimate Bliss.
Omanandji guided meditation to all the gathering and told that all should practice meditation daily.


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Festival of art & social change
250 films from over 50 countries
A one of a kind event offering trendy baby fashions, community resources and support services for new and expecting parents and grandparents.
theatre for everyone!
The Golden Spike Days Festival in Port Moody
Annual aboriginal festival held in Vancouver
Come celebrate with us. See website for details
Youth film festival held in Vernon for youth 21 and under living in the Southern Interior of British Columbia.
Vancouver's largest social justice film festival runs February 10-12 at Langara College. Full program on website.


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Filed under: Customer Service
Manager fired for poor responses to negative reviews – A manager at the budget Georgian House Hotel, reacted unprofessionally to Customers who complained about his hotel on TripAdvisor. Instead of reaching out to see how he could make it right, he took the total opposite approach! The goal should be to have Zero Risk to deal with as a company. Here are a few of the responses he posted on TripAdvisor:
"What do you expect for so little cash?"
"Thanks for your money, sucker. Long may the idiot line continue."
"With only one person to look after the place what do you expect. Think about what you paid."
Low Service Aptitude – Not surprisingly, this manager was fired. I cannot stress enough how important Service Aptitude is to how consistent your company delivers outstanding Customer service. It is not your employees' job to have high Service Aptitude, it is the organization's responsibility to train them.
Continue reading full article on TheDiJuliusGroup.com…


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How to Reduce Data Usage
How To Use Wi-Fi
Connecting to a home or office Wi-Fi network is done by following a few simple steps on the device. Once connected successfully one time, the device will automatically connect the next time it is in range.
Note: Users may need to know the network name (SSID) and password to log into Wi-Fi networks.
· Make sure Wi-Fi is turned on
· Select the name of the Wi-Fi network to connect to
· Follow any login instructions
Why Use Wi-Fi?
Wi-Fi provides a fast, seamless connection at home, in the office, and in thousands of hotspots. Using Wi-Fi is convenient and helps users save on mobile data usage. Benefits include:
· Fast connection
· Saves on data plan
· Connects seamlessly - your phone will remember hotspot information
· Use the network while on the go; use Wi-Fi at home, the office, or at public hotspots
· Helps prevent data overages and fees
For additional information, please CONTACT US or comment below @esupport.


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That is what Obama said in an interview on January 17.
"President Barack Obama said that racial tensions may have softened his popularity among white voters within the last two years, according to a story posted on the New Yorker magazine's website today.
"There's no doubt that there's some folks who just really dislike me because they don't like the idea of a black president," Obama said in the article by David Remnick, appearing in the magazine's Jan. 27 edition."
Maybe it's just because he is a liar! Maybe it's just because HE is a racial president that plays divided class/racial politics. Maybe it's because if he had a son he would look like Travon Martin. Maybe it's because he disregards the constitution and is an utter failure. Maybe it's just because........it is anything other than his skin color.


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Adopt A Family
Take Care Of Home's second framework of giving back to the community is through our program of sponsorship or adoption of a family. The idea which began in 2014 with a family of three who lost the husband, father, and breadwinner to an illness, is to connect a financially strained family (must have kids who are in school or will be school age) with families or individuals in the United States or Europe who are capable of addressing that financial burden. These families in Ethiopia are vetted to make sure there are not adults within the household who can potentially take advantage of the generosity of the sponsor. We aim to solely help single mothers for that reason, with a few exceptions of a two parent household, if one or two parents are sick. The process of vetting includes multiple trips to their homes by the Executive Director of Take Care Of Home, Demisew Getaneh. Neighbors are questioned about the habits of the parents and kids if they are old enough to have developed habits of their own. We ask these questions to verify their condition as well as their background story. Once we establish that the family meets our standard, we work on matching them with a generous sponsor. We make efforts to have direct contact between the sponsored and the sponsor, if they chose to get to know each other.
We go forward and setup a monthly budget and establish the best way to transfer that aide. Sponsors have two options when sending the money, they can directly send the money to the families or send the money to us as we already have the means to facilitate the transfer. Take Care of Home has two full time employees and countless amount of volunteers who regularly check on these families to keep us updated on their progress.
The following are the families that have been adopted:


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Dogs bark for a variety of reasons. They may be giving a warning to another animal, sounding an alarm, playing or instigating play, joining in the excitement of the moment, demanding a reaction (even using it as a command), doing it on command, out of fear and the need to drive another animal or object away, and sometimes dogs bark just for the sake of barking. On occasion it can be a combination of any of these. When puppies bark it can be insecurity after leaving the pack.
My dog jj barks and howls all the time he is a outside dog he has toys and bones and when I do go outside he stopes but he barks at like 3am and won't stop I can't bring him inside tho and he has a huge dog box and gets tons of walks idk what else to do to stop his barking my mom said she's going to start shooting him with pellet guns plz help
I didn't have much problem with barking at all until the suggested I teach him to speak and then be quiet… Well he the first part is easy, the second part is selective at best. Basically it gave him a new hobby and me a new problem.
Understandably, if your dog is barking because he is anxious, this will really add to his problems. Citronella collars require you to buy replacement cartridges frequently, so can be much more expensive than consulting a veterinary behaviorist.
Learning how to stop a dog from barking doesn't have to be a strenuous process. Sure, it's a challenge to stop dog barking, but most importantly, through all of these techniques, you have to remember that just as there are some great ways to treat dog barking, there are definite ways NOT to treat it. Because frustration and boredom are often at the heart of incessant barking, scolding your dog won't do anything. Agitation won't be fixed with more agitation, so try to speak to your dog in a soothing voice and don't let your anger over the situation get the best of you.
Barking is a normal canine communication, but inappropriate barking – too much or too often – is probably one of the most commonly reported problems owners have with their dogs. It can be annoying and can lead to unhappy situations with neighbours, particularly if your dog barks a lot.
Talk to your neighbor. Many people jump straight to drastic measures instead of simply talking to the neighbor about their concerns. Unless you're on bad terms with your neighbor, the best way to solve this problem is usually to just talk to him or her about it. You could casually approach your neighbor next time you see him or her outside, or write a note asking to set up a time to talk.[1]
Problem: lack of nutrients in his diet – Dogs that have parasites or worms do not digest food properly, because the parasites consume many of the nutrients. Dogs may try to re-digest the food to get all of the nutrients they can from it.
To bring attention/request barking under control, you need to start by stopping–stop rewarding the barking and stop paying attention to the barking. For this, borrowing a training method that helps to stop jumping up is good idea. When your dog barks for attention or for food, cross your arms and turn your back on him. If he continues, walk out of the room.
Another thing you can try is recording sounds that trigger the barking and playing these back to your dog – very quietly at first, and gradually increasing the volume – while rewarding them with food. This is a process known as desensitising and counter conditioning.
"Yay, Mom's home! Mom's home! Mom's home!" If your dog hails you with hellos when you return after an absence, it's time to shift into ignore mode. Stand outside your door and wait for the cacophony to subside, then enter calmly; no rousing hug-fests or "I love you! I missed you!" sessions. When your dog is quiet, then calmly greet him. If he starts to bark again, mark the barking with an "Oops!" and ignore him again.
Your first step is to gently inform your neighbor that her dog is barking excessively, and when. This is best done during the day, not with an irate phonecall when the dog wakes you up at two o'clock in the morning again. Assume she's not aware of it, or at least not aware it's disturbing to her neighbors.
Because extinction undergoes some interesting processes, it is worth learning why the act of not getting up still causes your dog to bark or even causes it to increase in intensity and duration. This behavior can be explained as "extinction bursts". What happens in an "extinction burst" is the behavior increases temporarily, enough to have dog owners believe that the act of not getting up is not working.
If your dog barks at things he sees out the window or front door, block the view. Close the blinds or curtains on the windows. If he can see out windows near the front door, Aga suggests covering them with darkening film you can buy from an auto parts store or even temporarily taping up some bubble wrap to block the view. If possible, confine the dog in a part of the house that doesn't have windows or doors.
Before you can train your dog to go to a spot and stay there when a door opens, you'll need to teach him how to sit or lie down and then how to stay. After your dog has learned these skills, you can progress to Step 2.
Call the relevant authority to report a noise complaint. Find out what town hall/council/municipal office or other relevant authority to call so you can file a report on your neighbors for a noise complaint.The authorities will talk to the dog owner and assess the situation. They will usually inform you of the outcome. If nothing changes, call again a few days later.[5]
In the photo above, Beck is about to bark. He barked to get Finney to chase him. Right after this photo was snapped, I intervened and stopped Finney from barking. Beck is an action guy and he then barked to get Finn going again. In this instance, I called them to me and gave them both a minute to chillax and regroup.
Gently closing your dog's mouth. If you have a dog that will bark and 'sport' at people or other animals a head halter, such as a Gentle Leader that enables you to close his mouth and guide him into an acceptable behavior is a big advantage. Introduce the halter so your dog accepts it willingly and, when an unwanted bark happens, lift the leash so the dog's mouth closes and he is guided into a sit. Now move again and change your direction creating attention to you as you move elsewhere. So, we stop dog barking, we gain attention and we redirect to an acceptable behavior in one simple step.
Give your dog more exercise and mental activities to let them have an outlet for their energy. Take them on an uphill walk or a hike instead of the normal daily walk. Train your dog in herding or agility activities for mental stimulation.
Do not encourage your dog to bark at sounds, such as pedestrians or dogs passing by your home, birds outside the window, children playing in the street and car doors slamming, by saying "Who's there?" or getting up and looking out the windows.
It is much more effective if you can do the dog training yourself with this sort of assistance and you will notice the difference much quicker as you have a hands on approach with things. This training guide saved me and my husband a great deal of money not having to pay for a 'pro' dog trainer
As an example, think about barking when left alone. A dog that is very loud when left isn't making a noise because he or she is being spiteful or wants to get you in trouble with your neighbours. The vocalization is an expression of the dog's fear, loneliness and sometimes even panic. By strapping a device such as an electric shock collar to an upset dog, you don't do anything to make them feel safer or more comfortable when left on their own – and what's more, the pain confirm their fears that being left means horrible things happen to them (painful electric shocks occur every time they bark).
Does your dog bark people, dogs, other animals? Does your dog bark when you are walking? Does your dog bark when you leave? There is no need to use punishment to teach your dog to not bark. Adopt an attitude of patience and you'll fix this in no time at all!
As you extend the amount of time that you're out of your dog's sight or behind closed doors, you should incorporate counterconditioning methods like a puzzle toy to keep her distracted. Try adding this component once you're behind closed doors or out the back door for at least 10 to 20 seconds at a time.[33]
A chest-led harness is a perfect training aid, as it takes pressure off a dog's sensitive neck by distributing the pressure more evenly around the body. When the leash is attached to a ring located on the chest strap and your dog pulls, the harness will turn his body around rather than allowing him to go forward. I recommend this kind of harness for anyone who needs extra help, as safety has to come first.
All content on this site is provided for informational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be nor can it be considered actionable professional advice. It must not be used as an alternative to seeking professional advice from a veterinarian or other certified professional.
Once you've taught your dog the "quiet" command in a calm environment, practice in increasingly distracting situations until your dog can immediately stop barking when asked to, even when that "intruder" arrives at the door.
I have had my 7 year old rescue dog for 4 years, and all of a sudden, she has started barking almost all night long. How can I get her stop barking, since the only thing that works now is for me to use earplugs at night.


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Home » Destinations » Caribbean » Cuba
Cuba is one of the most exciting islands in the Caribbean, with just about everything you could imagine. There are dramatic mountainous landscapes, wild and unspoilt valleys, sweeping vistas, exquisite cities dating from the mid-fifteenth century, an amazing variety of flora and fauna, some of the world's most beautiful beaches and above all, Cuba's greatest asset -the people.
Travel Enquiries
From the Blog
Short trip to the Dubai Rugby 7s
12th December 2015
Four intrepid Premier Aussie Specialists off on an Australian adventure
11th October 2014


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Ages ago I was reading something about men and women from TOWIE (why I don't know due to the fact I don't even watch the programme) and it talked about that a lot of them had had Enlighten teeth whitening. Very first, let me say that I already have quite white teeth from years of undertaking at home Crest White Strips – the bad news: some brands break down the enamel on your toofers! The trays must be worn for one night each eight technique has been found to be profitable. There have been many studies carried out which show that the use of a expert accelerator light does indeed accelerate the oxidization (the release of oxygen and chemical bleaching reaction) of tooth whitener gel. The acid from the lemons is so powerful it just eventually wears away the teeth causing cavities. I have searched most of my life for a remedy-or just some way to lighten the teeth to a a lot more acceptable yellow. Regulations on the sale of these vary from country to nation and some of the goods on the marketplace are not effective.
A whilst later I decided I'd have to try some sort of house whitening or house bleaching kit, and coincidentally I was watching a single of those beloved infomercials late at night where I saw this advert about an at house teeth whitening solution named 'Rapid White'. If your dentist performs the teeth whitening procedure you can have a smile to be proud of in just a few hours. I appreciated that there was no sales stress to get added services or goods and I even walked out with three referral cards (refer 3 people and get a free of charge whitening session for oneself!) and walked out with a take property touch up kit.
All toothpastes support eliminate surface stain through the action of mild abrasives that scrub the teeth. Unlike bleaches, these kinds of ADA Accepted goods do not modify the colour of teeth since they can only get rid of stains on the surface. By making use of hydrogen peroxide or maybe carbamide peroxide, these varieties of tooth pastes will most most likely bleach the teeth by just a tone. In truth, you ought to wait for a excellent period of time right after whitening prior to you bring dark liquids back into your diet regime. The very good news is I have six approaches to naturally whiten teeth and some tips on How to Whiten yellow discolored teeth. My dental hygienist always comments how clean my teeth are with virtually nothing at all for her to get rid of. This is one particular of the Teeth Whitening possibilities I will throw out there because some men and women are prepared to experiment on themselves.
I'm preparing to have a laser teeth whitening subsequent week, your post had give me a lot of concepts about this dental process. But if you happen to be actually on a tight price range, anything from whitening gels to lasers could be a great selection. Also, do not forget to rinse and brush soon after eating or drinking goods that will discolor and you will aid to maintain your pearly white smile! I had my wisdom teeth reduce out about six months ago and in comparison I would reduce each tooth in my head out prior to going through the zoom once again. Fruits and vegetables are crisp like apples, pears and carrots work like a all-natural tooth brush and tooth whitening.
Now as a rapid and lazy legal disclaimer in these lawsuit-riven times I am (possibly) obliged to say that I have never used zoom teeth whitening (and by no means intend to) and consequently I am merely reporting the alleged discomfort knowledgeable by hundreds of folks following their experiences with zoom. Most people are also busy to sit for 30-45 minutes holding a tray when they have the rest of their lives to attend to. These trays are usually messy and cleaning up any spills is typically a hassle in of itself. Personally, I do not thoughts – I'd rather have white teeth and a yellow toothbrush than vice versa.…


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Nick Bjugstad's goal sends Panthers past Sabres 3-2NHL.com @NHLdotcom
View More
SUNRISE, Fla. - Nick Bjugstad scored late in the second period and rookie Aaron Ekblad had three assists to lift the Florida Panthers over the Buffalo Sabres 3-2 on Saturday night.
Tomas Kopecky and Brad Boyes also scored for the Panthers Roberto Luongo made 26 saves.
Brian Gionta and Drew Stafford scored for Buffalo and Michal Neuvirth stopped 34 shots.
The Panthers are 4-1-1 in their past five games and have won five in a row over Buffalo going back to last season.


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Stir Fried Cabbage
A very simple but extremely yummy dish whipped up in less than 10 mins!
Chinese Cabbage sliced into pieces
Handful of dried shrimps (soaked for few mins in hot water)
2 tbsp oyster sauce
1 tbsp sesame oil
Few dashes of Shao Xing Wine
Put some oil in wok
Throw in dried shrimps and fry till fragrant
Throw cabbage in
Add all sauces above
Fry for a few minutes till leaves a wilted.
Serve it piping hot :)
(I like my veggies crunchy so I will serve when stem parts are not too soft but easily broken apart by the spatula.
HERBAL CHICKEN (Seah's Emperor Herbs)
Another simple and fuss free dish
3 big chicken drumsticks
4 shitake mushrooms (soaked with warm water for few mins)
Handful of wolfberries
- Wash chicken thoroughly.
- Rub 1/2 packet of Seah's Emperor Herbs all over chicken evenly.
- In the given aluminium foil and plastic found in the herbs packet, place chicken, mushrooms and wolfberries on top.
- Tie the platic and steam over low fire for 1-1.5 hours.
- Ready to serve when chicken is tender and soft.


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OK, so Homecoming was not a disaster. But not so romantic either.
Ren was such a big brother. And I know thats the way its suppose to be, but when you are all dressed up in black lacey ruffles and army boots, you just want to do something Madonna might do.
Ren was like dancing with an inanimate object. Really. But Chip was a wild man. He could make circles around Ren on the dance floor. He's such a clown. I think one of the chaperons thought he was drunk. He was so hyper. And Sasha just stood there giving him funny looks from time to time. But I caught on, and we had fun, chasing each other around. True, we might not have been the most sophisticated high schoolers in the bunch. But it was a work out with Chip.
Now I have a cold. A bad cough.
I also found out my cousin hooked up with some chick on the Internet. God, I finally get him fixed up with Angie. Thinking that would be so perfect. Its Angie's fault. I'm sure of it. I don't want to think bad of him, but I'm beginning to think my cousin just wants sex, not a relationship. I don't want to think that about him, but what if its true.
Now, I know you are thinking, don't be so judgey. I don't want too. I don't. But I'll think about it in the middle of the night and then sit up and want to shout...is that all there is to my cousin? Is it?
I think Ren thinks I might not be adult enough for him. He won't say it. But he's been looking at me differently since that dance. Like I might be 12 instead of 16.
I can really be grownup when I want to be. I can. Just not right now. I'm so under the weather. Hope I'll be ready for Halloween because I promised Chip I'd go trick or treating with him.
Friday, October 15, 2010
7 comments:
- ellie said...
Funny about Kip.
- October 15, 2010 at 9:15 AM
- Jude said...
Feel better soon! So funny homecoming turned out different from what you thought :) (Nice when that happens sometimes!)
- October 15, 2010 at 10:57 AM
- Cafe Fashionista said...
Chip sounds like a blast! :)
- October 15, 2010 at 11:18 AM
- Draffin Bears said...
Love the picture, of the black lacey ruffles and the army boots.
Was great to catch up on reading you latest.
Happy weekend
- October 15, 2010 at 6:24 PM
- ivy said...
what an awesome time!
- October 18, 2010 at 6:44 PM
- cass and cady said...
I love how it turned out.
- October 18, 2010 at 6:45 PM
- Becky Regina said...
This is great !
- October 29, 2010 at 11:29 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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- Home
- MINIATURES/Doll House
- 24pc Clear Plastic Mini 2" Miniature Display Plate (A11)
Product Description
Item: Mini Plastic Plates
Size: 2 inches x 2 inches x 3/8 inches
Color: Clear
Qty: 24 pcs
Use the little plates to display small products, hold beads and charms, doll and miniature crafts.
Product Reviews
This product hasn't received any reviews yet. Be the first to review this product!


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This is a Sponsored post written by me on behalf of Kia Rio for SocialSpark. All opinions are 100% mine.
Kia and Spotify have partnered up to present the "Best Songs To Play With Your Windows Down" campaign.
The idea behind the campaign is to get people like you and me to submit their favorite songs and build the ultimate playlist. The end result will be the crowdsourced "Best Songs with your Windows Down" playlist that everyone can listen to – especially in your new Kia Rio car!
To submit, all you have to do is follow the link listed above and enter the song information you would like to submit.
I did this by submitting Coheed and Cambria's "Welcome Home" as shown in the screenshot below.
I chose Coheed and Cambria's "Welcome Home" not only because Coheed is one of my favorite bands, but because of the way the song hits hard on all fronts makes it the perfect track to blare while cruising by the beach.
I also love that the entire system is voice-activated through the Microsoft-powered UVO Infotainment System. It really makes your entertainment while on the go very easy to control.
If you have Spotify and enjoy music, I strongly encourage you to check out the playlist, stream it, and participate by submitting your own song.
From there, the option to test drive a Kia Rio would be ideal since it is loaded with a ton of musical features that will blow your mind – even more so than Coheed and Cambria's "Welcome Home."


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Posted by Jason Williams on Apr 30, 2019
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text:
Type: Indoor Gasification Wood Boilers
Brand: SCANDTEC
Model: Solo Plus 30
Max BTU: 102,000
Firebox Vol: 4 cub. ft.
Max Wood Length: 20 inches
Water Vol: 41 gallons
Weight: 1080 lb.
Efficiency: 0%
Country Manufactured: Denmark
Testing/Listing: UL/ULC
Emissions: ?
Data Source: North American Distributo
More Details:
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text:
In the beginning was the Word
and the Word multiplied
beyond all expectations of its sound.[1]
In 1878 Thomas Edison patented a 'phonograph', a machine that could both record and replay sound.[2] The United States of America has supplied most of the world's sound (and later, film and digital) technologies and techniques and much of the content ever since. Magnetic recording was patented in 1896, but Australians first heard recordings made on wax cylinders and played in the Adelaide Town Hall in 1890.
Anthropologists Spencer and Gillen took a phonograph on their expedition to central Australia in 1901–02, and we can still listen to their record of corroborees and lively Aboriginal conversation. Anthropology was the only social science in Australia that systematically recorded oral data until the mid-twentieth century.[3] The South Australian Museum's Anthropology Department holds some of the country's earliest oral history recordings, including a 1928 collection of Aboriginal material.[4]
Australians took as readily to making and using sound recordings, film and radio as they had telegraphy and telephony. The Australian Constitution granted the new Commonwealth government power over the provision of all communications services, making it 'the dominant policymaker in the telecommunications and broadcasting industry, which increasingly came to characterise society in the twentieth century: what we have come to know as the information society.'[5]
Film spans the history of the nation, much of it in the original black and white medium. There is film of the inauguration of the Commonwealth in 1901, the dedication of Parliament House in Canberra in 1927, and the running of the Melbourne Cup every year since 1896. Most film produced in Australia has been non-fiction, but fiction film has attracted much greater public interest, and 'has its own important place as a historical record'.[6] Possibly the first full-length narrative feature film in the world was produced in Australia in 1906, The Story of the Ned Kelly Gang. During the 'silent era' between 1900 and 1930 about 160 commercial feature films were produced in Australia, and a further 115 between 1930 and 1960.[7]
As evident in the collections of the National Archives, many other films were made for public agencies. Government cinematographers were appointed within the Commonwealth's first decade. State governments soon followed, producing films to attract tourists and immigrants. The Commonwealth Cinema and Photographic Branch was formed in 1921 and the Australian National Film Board was appointed in 1945, becoming Film Australia in 1972. As the technology improved, many political speeches were recorded on film or tape, including from 1952 some 400 public speeches made by Prime Minister Robert Menzies.[8]
During the First World War, Captain Frank Hurley and other official war cameramen filmed such titles as With the Australian Light Horse in Sinai and Palestine for the Australian War Records Section. During the Second World War, a larger number of films were made for the Department of Information, Cinesound and Movietone News. Many of these films are held by the Australian War Memorial, as well as sound recordings collected by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) and the Australian Imperial Force's Military History Section.[9]
Government support for broadcasting and music, through the ABC, also extended to film, sometimes indirectly, as in 1959 when Commonwealth legislation required all television commercials to be locally produced. A small film industry was sustained by making commercials, filming documentaries and producing TV drama for the main commercial houses, Crawfords and Grundys.[10] Film production leaped in the 1970s when the Whitlam government established an Australian Film and Television School and the Australian Film Commission.[11]
There were many other forms of government-sponsored sound and film recording: educational, mostly on the ABC; staff training, especially defence force training; and promotional, including 'advertorial' for prospective and newly arrived migrants and investors.
The Marconi wireless radio system was introduced in 1905, only 10 years after its invention, and in 1922 Prime Minister Billy Hughes made the first public radio broadcast from a hall in Bendigo.[12]
Radio broadcasts – both entertainment and propaganda – played a prominent part in Australian life during the war and many programs have been preserved on the original vinyl disks or on reel-to-reel tape. The first radio services were broadcast in 1923, gaining immediate popularity. By 1929 there were 300 000 licensed listeners.[13] The opening of Parliament House in 1927 was broadcast over radio stations in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia and reached over one million people.[14] Many small commercial stations started up in the 1920s selling advertising on-air and entertaining listeners with music, sport reports and variety programs.
During the 1930s a dual system of commercial and public service radio was established. Government licence fees funded the creation of a national public broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Commission, in 1932. The ABC catered for both mass audiences and rural and high-culture listeners and also performed a 'national ideological function', broadcasting ministers' speeches and other national and educational material.[15] Prime Minister Joseph (Joe) Lyons spoke on air to inaugurate the ABC in 1932. In 1939, when he suffered a fatal heart attack, the ABC installed a microphone in a room at St Vincent's Hospital in Sydney, where the news of his death was broadcast soon afterwards by link-up to stations across the nation.
At first, all programs went to air 'live'. It was not until 1935 that a disc recorder was installed in the ABC's Sydney studios. Music broadcasting was helped by improvements in the sound quality of 78 rpm discs during the 1930s, which meant the ABC could use good quality records as well as present studio broadcasts of live performances. A huge stock of records was built up, numbering more than 118 000 by 1942.[16] Until tape was introduced in the mid-1950s, hard disc and later the wire recorder were the only means for recording program material.
The ABC was not merely a recorder and broadcaster, it was also a creator and promoter of sound. Half its radio programs were based on music. The ABC quickly assumed the major role in Australian music-making, not only in broadcasting but also by establishing orchestras and choral groups in every State capital and assuming the role of the country's largest concert agency. From the 1930s to the 1960s the ABC directed the whole movement of professional music-making in Australia.[18]
The period 1939 to 1956 'was radio's golden era, a time when radio was the sole domestic source of electronic information and entertainment'.[19] Collectively, the output of the commercial stations was immense but their recordings have been much less comprehensively preserved than those of the ABC. For example, most of the archives of Radio 5AD have been destroyed. Only fragments of its variety programs and serials broadcast in 1938 and the 1940s survived in private hands until copied for the State Library of South Australia in 1998.[20]
The dual system for radio was maintained until 1975 when a third sector, community radio, was established and new stations proliferated. In Sydney alone, stations increased from eight in 1975 to at least 50 by 1997.[21] In terms of sound recordings, this meant not only a dramatic increase in output but also diversification in content because many of the new stations represented special interest groups, especially ethnic groups, serving an increasingly multicultural population. A new public broadcaster, Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), was established in 1978 to provide multilingual TV and radio services. Within 20 years, it was broadcasting in more languages than any other network in the world.[22]
Television (TV) was introduced to Sydney and Melbourne in 1956 and to all capital cities by the early 1960s. The first broadcast from the ABC's television studios in Melbourne took place just in time to cover the 1956 Olympic Games. In 1960 there were no relay facilities for ABC TV programs to the States and the news was sent by teleprinter so that news bulletins could be presented separately in each capital city. Copies of filmed material were also sent individually to each State. Videotape, recording both vision and sound on magnetic tape, was still in the experimental stage. It was not until 1962 that videotape recording equipment was installed by the ABC in each capital city.[23]
TV stations soon took over radio programming — and many of the entertainers and producers — and most radio stations fell back on sport, popular music and cheap talkback programs. By 1969 the numbers of TV watchers had surpassed radio listeners. Colour TV was introduced in 1975. By the 1980s most Australian households had at least one TV set and watching 'the box' was their main leisure activity.
The dual commercial and national radio system was replicated for television with public service broadcasting provided by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (since 1983, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation) and SBS. Just as with radio and film, TV exerted a powerful influence on local production. By the 1990s three-quarters of a billion dollars worth of Australian programs was being produced for television each year.[24]
Public institutions, initially universities and defence research, also pioneered and supported the next revolution in recording and producing sound and imagery, via computers. The Internet or World Wide Web, a computer information network operating in the linkages between computers, was invented in 1989. It was linked by satellite to the Australian Academic and Research Network (AARNet) in 1990, with the first commercial Internet provider starting in 1992.[25] Computers and the Internet have rapidly become highly productive sites of sound and image as well as a means of preserving and providing access to historical recordings.
This is the first time I have spoken in such a fashion, to be heard where I am not, perhaps to be heard at a time when I have even ceased to exist.[26]
Sound recordings include film and videotape, actuality broadcasts,[27] oral histories, radio and TV programs, music and other performance, and sound created on computers. All of them transcribe sound for replay beyond the time and place it was recorded, but for this to happen, the sound recordings must be properly preserved. The systematic preservation of sound recording happened much more slowly than its production.
Federation prompted the first official historical sound recording but this was the only one of its kind for many years. In 1903 the South Australian Public Library asked Governors and leading Federation men to speak 'a few words, of suitable character into a phonograph'. Those practised public speakers seem to have been unnerved at the prospect and refused or ignored the request, and only the second Governor-General, Lord Tennyson, was recorded on an Edison Concert phonograph. It may have helped that Tennyson was accustomed to phonographs, his father, 'the Poet Laureate, having had one with which he used to amuse himself and his family…'[28]
In 1935 the Federal Cabinet authorised the Parliamentary Library (precursor of the National Library of Australia) to collect films and sound events of historical interest, and in 1937 a National Historical Film and Speaking Record Library was established within the Library. The National Film and Sound Archive, now ScreenSound Australia, was established separately from the National Library in 1984.
Until as late as the 1970s and 1980s, most sound recordings came into library collections 'as items accompanying personal papers or the archives of associations and groups'.[29] Contemporary broadcasts, music and films were acquired in a similar fashion. The ABC began to collect music and spoken word recordings in the 1930s, and later preserved its own radio and TV programs — news, current affairs, documentaries, entertainment, education and sport — as an important audiovisual record of Australian history. Since the late 1980s, libraries have also collected the new forms of audiovisual recordings that have emerged with the digital revolution, including locally produced CD-ROMs, Internet websites and other computer records.
Very few recordings were made of people's recollections, for which the term 'oral history' was first coined in 1948 at Columbia University in the USA. Oral history combines interview with reminiscence and forms a distinct subset of sound records, although not all oral history is taped. However, the introduction of portable tape recorders was 'an important technical precondition', firstly of folk song collection, then, more broadly, for the recording of oral history.[30] The invention of the transistor in the mid-1950s enabled the miniaturisation of radios and recording equipment, revolutionising and greatly expanding the possibilities of use. Lightweight cassette tape recorders became available in the 1960s. By contrast, the heavy but fragile wax cylinders used by Spencer and Gillen in the early 1900s took up an entire suitcase.
These technological advances stimulated the growth of oral history and folklore sound recording in Australia, informed by new interest in folk life and social history and a resurgent nationalism. The new tape recorders also stimulated significant changes in broadcasting. The ABC pioneered current affairs programs, using interviews. In the 1960s it broadcast oral history interviews, and in the 1970s it broadened into entire oral history series, a role still performed today by the ABC's Social History Unit.
The National Library was the first institution to collect recorded oral histories systematically, albeit in response initially to the work of Hazel de Berg, who began in 1957 to tape Australian writers speaking their own work. Her recordings were later supported by, and transferred to, the National Library where they form the core of its oral history collection. She completed 1 290 interviews before her death in 1984.
In 1961 the Battye Library of Western Australia began to interview a broader range of people than the National Library but it took some time to recognise the value of the sound recording itself. Originally, as each interview was transcribed, the tape was wiped for reuse. In 1979 the Northern Territory Government also established an oral history program, recognising that it could fill gaps for a society that had lost many documentary records in cyclones and other disasters. Most State and Territory libraries and museums have since created oral history collections, the main ones being the State libraries of Western Australia, South Australia and New South Wales.
'The richest vein of oral history has derived from the enthusiastic participation of community groups in the production of local history'.[31] Like the earlier generation of folksong collectors, most oral history collectors were voluntary or professional historians working on their own, although many of their recordings were later lodged in library collections. The recording and preservation of oral history, usually on tape, took off in the 1970s, supported by the Oral History Association of Australia, established in 1978, and its State branches.
Since then, Commonwealth, State and local government, schools and universities and private and commercial organisations have also commissioned commemorative oral histories and supported other interviewing projects. Ongoing recording and preservation was less commonly supported — the longest local government program was the City of Adelaide Oral History Project, conducted from 1984 to 2000.[32] Government support for oral history was most generous during 'historic' celebrations such as State sesquicentenaries, the Australian Bicentenary of 1988 and the Centenary of Federation in 2001. Some of these recordings are held in the National Archives.
The huge variety and extent of recordings is revealed in Australia's Oral History Collections: A National Directory.[33] The directory lists some 460 collections, including national collections at the National Archives, ScreenSound Australia, the Australian Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, the ABC, the Australian War Memorial, the National Museum of Australia and the Australian National Maritime Museum, as well as State libraries and archives; local government libraries; school, church and historical groups; Aboriginal communities; universities; and privately held collections.
Susan Marsden
1 From Hazel de Berg's poem, 'The artist: for Patricia Thompson', dedicated to the transcriber of the first 10 000 pages of Mrs de Berg's oral history interviews, in D Rich, 'My mother Hazel de Berg, oral history pioneer', Voiceprint (Oral History Association of Australia, NSW Branch), no. 8, May 1996, p. 15.
2 See M Williams, 'A brief history of magnetic recording: the first fifty years 1898–1948', in Oral History Association of Australia Journal, no. 4, 1981–82; and 'A brief history of magnetic recording: the second fifty years 1898–1998', in Journal no. 5, 1982–83.
3 A Roberts, 'The development of Australian oral history, 1798–1984', Oral History Association of Australia Journal, no. 7, 1985, p. 7.
4 Australia's Oral History Collections: A National Directory, located at www.nla.gov.au/ohdir.
5 KT Livingston, The Wired Nation Continent: The Communication Revolution and Federating Australia, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1996, pp. 185–86.
6 I Bertrand, 'Film', in G Davison, J Hirst and S Macintyre (eds), The Oxford Companion to Australian History, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1998, p. 252.
7 D Throsby, 'Public funding of the arts in Australia – 1900 to 2000', Year Book Australia 2001, p. 551.
8 A Roberts, 'The development of Australian oral history, 1798–1984', Oral History Association of Australia Journal, no. 7, 1985, p. 7.
9 M Piggott, A General Guide to the Library Collections and Archives, Australian War Memorial, Canberra, 1983, pp. 27, 29.
10 S Lawson, 'The film industry', in A Curthoys, AW Martin and T Rowse (eds), Australians: A Historical Library. Australians from 1939, Fairfax, Syme & Weldon, Sydney, 1987, p. 243.
11 J Gardiner-Garden, 'Arts policy in Australia: a history of Commonwealth involvement in the arts', Parliamentary Library, Background papers (Social Policy Group), 2 May 1994 (printed item: 027680; online text: 891054), published online at www.aph.gov.au.
12 'History of communications in Australia', Year Book Australia 2001, no. 83, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra 2001, p. 830.
13 S Macintyre, The Oxford History of Australia, vol. 4: 1901–1942, The Succeeding Age, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1986, p. 219.
14 'As it was in the Beginning (Parliament House in 1927)', Parliamentary Library Research Paper 25, 2000–01, located at www.aph.gov.au.
15 A Moran, 'Radio', in The Oxford Companion to Australian History, p. 542.
16 R Covell, Australia's Music: Themes of a New Society, Sun Books, Melbourne, 1967, pp. 128–29.
18 R Covell, Australia's Music: Themes of a New Society, Sun Books, Melbourne, 1967, pp. 128–29.
19 A Moran, 'Radio', in The Oxford Companion to Australian History, p. 542.
20 Word of Mouth, no. 36, January 1999, p. 6.
21 A Moran, 'Radio', in The Oxford Companion to Australian History, p. 542.
22 Year Book Australia 2001, p. 516.
23 Australian Broadcasting Corporation, A Short History of the ABC, 1995, published online at www.abc.net.au/corp/hist1.htm.
24 C Hazelhurst, 'Television', in The Oxford Companion to Australian History, p. 633.
25 'History of communications in Australia', Year Book Australia 2001, p. 831.
26 Australian author Xavier Herbert, when recorded in 1961, quoted in B York, Speaking of Us: Voices from Twentieth Century Australia, National Library of Australia, Canberra 1999, p. 11.
27 Actuality broadcasts were broadcasts of important historical events, such as General MacArthur's acceptance of Japanese surrender in World War II.
28 B S Baldwin, 'The Public Library of South Australia's oral history project, 1903–1908', Oral History Association of Australia Journal, no. 2, 1979–80, p. 49.
29 R Block, '"In the beginning" … Oral history collecting at the State Library of New South Wales', Oral History Association of Australia Journal, no. 13, 1991, p. 67.
30 A Roberts, 'The development of Australian oral history, 1798–1984', Oral History Association of Australia Journal, no. 7, 1985, p. 7.
31 S Marsden, 'Oral history in South Australia', in E Richards (ed.), The Flinders History of South Australia: Social History, Wakefield Press, Adelaide, 1986, p. 479.
32 Word of Mouth, Autumn 2000, p. 16.
33 Australia's Oral History Collections: A National Directory is located on the National Library of Australia's website at www.nla.gov.au/ohdir. The online database allows users to search thousands of hours of oral recordings held around the country. Much of the material listed was collected in the 1980s and 1990s and was first published in 1997.