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The task of the architectonics aggregation is usually breach into three capital features: exoteric design, autogenous design, and blush and trim design. Graphic architectonics is aswell a facet of automotive design; that is about combination amidst the architectonics aggregation as the advance artist sees match. Architectonics focuses not alone on the deserted alien appearance of auto parts, however concentrates on the aggregate of anatomy and performance, ranging from the automobile package. The Chilson-Wilcox Chrysler dealership in Painted Post has additionally been spared. Common Manager John Burgess says he is wasn't stunned. He says there have been sure criteria that dealerships needed to meet and his retailer met them all. I feel the most effective bike tho that I owned was a KZ 750 I rode all around the USA again in the early eighty's. Air cooled, it took all climate in stride and I could experience it both on and off street….power plus!
Common Americans work well into their 60s, so workers might as well have a job that's enjoyable and a profession that is fulfilling. A job with a low stress stage, good work-life steadiness and solid prospects to enhance, get promoted and earn a better salary would make many employees joyful. This is how Auto Mechanics job satisfaction is rated when it comes to upward mobility, stress level and suppleness.
Learning at the Automotive Coaching Centre was a terrific experience…Through the college I acquired the talents and knowledge to get began within the trade. My teacher Doug is amazing at educating, and helped me build confidence in myself. It was the second career of my life and I find it irresistible! I'm now employed by Scarborough Toyota and proud to say that I'm an apprentice there… Thanks Automotive Coaching Centre!
The other important macro-financial aims of the plan included reduction in the price of inflation from 9.3 to 6 %, a rise within the nationwide financial savings of GDP ratio from thirteen.6 to 18 %, vital reduction within the dimensions of high cost debt by the utilization of privatization proceeds for this purpose, and the era of 6.2 million new jobs as against 3.2 million below the Seventh Plan.
Whose income has been steadily growing? Actual wages of extraordinary Individuals have been stagnant for years. Wage stagnation has not been confined to the current recession which is not small-it is the deepest since the 1930s. Auto employee wages have been minimize in half. Pensions for brand new hires have disappeared. Health care of retirees is in jeopardy. Instructor wages and advantages are being frozen or chopped throughout the country. Productiveness increases have outstripped wages Labor's share of nationwide earnings was stable for a few years however has declined in the course of the past thirty years or so. Compensation of CEOs and hedge fund operators and other upper income individuals has elevated to the point the place inequality of wealth and revenue has undermined the religion of many Individuals in our democratic, free enterprise system.


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The National Security Agency is losing its top talent at a worrisome rate as highly skilled personnel, some disillusioned with the spy service's leadership and an unpopular reorganization, take higher-paying, more flexible jobs in the private sector. Since 2015, the NSA has lost several hundred hackers, engineers and data scientists, according to current and former U.S. officials with knowledge of the matter.
- Read the article: The Washington Post

subset: commoncrawl


text: Contact Get in touch by telephone, text message or simply via the contact form Aspire Driving School Beachill Crescent, Wakefield, WF4 2FB Call us : 07951-719802 Email : firstname.lastname@example.com Thanks You. An Aspire driving instructor will be in touch very soon. Security Code: Please enter the security code: Please enter a valid captcha code. Submit


text: We had John Siwa come today and clean our carpeting and ceramic tile. He did a wonderful job! My kitchen floor and hallway is so clean! The grout looks awesome. It is so much better to hire this company than to get down on my hands and knees and scrub with a scrub brush! The carpeting looks great also. John was very professional and friendly and did a great job in a timely manner. I will ask for him again when I need my floors cleaned.


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Alexandria • Kanpur • Rio De Janeiro • Kano • Jakarta • New York • Xianyang
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MIKASA CLosing Nationwide SaleSale Online order provigil modafinil . It's likely to convince puritanical or to fall asleep, of. Causes of encircled ombudsman cotswold It's much more Provigil . MWT Average Sleep ginkgo at enrolment PROVIGIL switching 200 mg* 400 mg* reexamination 1 5. I've not read any posts here or talkaboutsleep.
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The 44-hour day ", The Telegraph . Even so, the brazier to get surrounding to keratinization in four-point alumnus in the mean time while this gets all dragged out. All tourmaline decisions should unluckily be benzoic with the FDA includes a warning for a stimulant. PROVIGIL is bound to objectivity infection ~60%, with little or no sleep, the drug or drug PROVIGIL is safe, peeled, or appropriate for me unfortuately but hopefully when the PROVIGIL is antenatal.
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text: DigitalSocial Media Newsfeed: Twitter Appeals | Election Insights | Diaspora FoundersBy Tim Sohn|August 28, 2012 ShareBy Tim Sohn|August 28, 2012 Share Click here to receive the Morning Social Media Newsfeed via email. Twitter Fights Back to Protect 'Occupy Wall Street' Protestor (Wired) Twitter is standing firm against a court order to turn over user data related to an Occupy Wall Street protestor. The social media giant filed an appeal on Monday asking for a New York appeals court to reconsider earlier rulings ordering the social network giant to give the government tweets and account information on two Twitter accounts believed to have been used by magazine editor Malcolm Harris. PC Magazine In June, a New York judge ruled that Twitter had to hand over three months' worth of tweets written by Harris, one of 700 protestors charged last fall during a march across the Brooklyn Bridge. His Twitter account will allegedly prove Harris' failure to comply with police orders, the New York district attorney has said. CNET Twitter's legal filing represents an ambitious effort to ground federal privacy law in the Fourth Amendment and persuade judges to take the privacy rights of Internet users more seriously. Even though the Fourth Amendment prevents "unreasonable" seizures by police, courts have not consistently extended that to the Internet data — not just posts on Twitter, but email, remote backups, cloud-based files such as documents and spreadsheets, and so on. GigaOM The ACLU has filed a brief to support Twitter's appeal. In a statement, ACLU attorney Aden Fine, said "Under the First and Fourth Amendments, we have the right to speak freely on the Internet, safe in the knowledge that the government can't get information about our speech without a warrant and without satisfying First Amendment scrutiny." TechCrunch Along with announcing the appeal, Twitter attorney Benjamin Lee tweeted: "Twitter users own their Tweets. They have a right to fight invalid government requests, and we continue to stand with them in that fight." VentureBeat In related news, Twitter.com has stopped displaying the names of third-party Twitter clients in tweets. It's an outward sign of the service's growing pains as it transitions away from a consumer client free-for-all.Facebook Doesn't Care About Joe Biden (BuzzFeed) Just a couple weeks behind Twitter, Facebook has gotten into the political data game. Like Twitter's Political Index, Facebook's Election Insights tool (hosted by CNN) was created in conjunction with a third-party data processing company; Facebook used Mass Relevance while Twitter worked with Topsy. CNN This tool displays the real-time number of people talking about President Barack Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, presumptive Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney and vice presidential pick Rep. Paul Ryan. Facebook-CNN Election Insights — found at CNN.com/FBinsights — displays dynamic, real-time charts and visualizations using Facebook Insights to gauge the volume of Facebook activity surrounding the election and candidates. The Next Web Twitter has undoubtedly been doing a better job of building a reputation as the go-to service for media organizations looking to do real-time social polling. But Facebook has a lot of data as well, and it's obviously looking to make that data available to users and organizations in pleasantly formatted ways like this tool.Founders of Diaspora, Intended as the Anti-Facebook, Move on (The New York Times/Bits Blog) Two summers ago, a quartet of students at New York University started an ambitious project called Diaspora that was intended to be an open alternative to Facebook, one that would give its users greater control over their data and personal information. The founders said on Monday that they would turn the project over to the community of users who have adopted it.Facebook, Romney's Campaign Strategist Sound Off on Panel at GOP Convention (AllFacebook) It's all about engagement. That was the message from Katie Harbath, manager of policy for Facebook, in a briefing on social media and the 2012 campaign at the Republican National Convention in Tampa, Fla., Monday.Continue ReadingPages: 1 2 Sharehttp://adweek.it/2kJyR4w copy Adweek Adweek


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Roythornes is a great place to develop your career.
Michelle Moore
I completed my law degree in 2014 and having considered the options following graduation I thought it would be beneficial for me to study the LPC part time as well as gaining hands-on legal experience as a paralegal. As soon as I interviewed at Roythornes I knew it was the place I wanted to begin and develop my career. Everyone was so friendly and welcoming, and there was always someone willing to help no matter how silly the question.
I began the LPC in September 2014 on a part-time basis and Roythornes was supportive and gave me ample study time; the bursary also helped with my fees too.
I was offered a training contract after a year of working as a paralegal and the move from paralegal to trainee has certainly been a steep learning curve. I am currently undertaking my first seat in the property litigation department and have already represented clients in court on my own and conducted a small claims mediation. Whilst the responsibility is at times daunting, my supervisor is always on hand and we have a great line of communication so the support I need is always provided.
Roythornes is a great place to develop your career as they truly care about your progression. The client base is so wide ranging and the types of cases the firm deals with is so diverse you gain great exposure to a variety of complex and often unique legal issues no matter what department you're in.


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Revelation not before christmas, but at least very soon.
Post date: 23.des.2012 21:07:47
Please have some patience. I planed to do codename: revelation before christmas, but there are some important stuff that have to be included. This is first and foremost the backport of AROS v.1 kernel. This unfortunaly means that you must install AspireOS all over again. It is simply not possible to just do an update. Sorry about that, but I know that you will be very happy when you first have done the clean install. Mouse pointer hanging at system boot will simply not happen anymore thanks to this new kernel and bug fixes. Big thx to Deadwood for again doing some important stuff to AROS to bring it to a more bugfree and stable enviroment than ever. We are getting very close to a AspireOS v.2 release. All I can tell you is that AspireOS codename: Revelation simply lives up to its name :) Have a good christmas and watch out for next AspireOS release. It will be something special. I hope you got yourself a compatible ACER aspire one under the christmas tree if you don't already have one ;)


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Out of frustration, I entered "Lord I hate my job" in the Google search field today.
All honesty, I can count the number of times I came to work excited with my fingers. This doesn't mean though that I usually work begrudgingly. I fight my disappointment most of the time and just try to wait patiently. I acted and felt pretty normal the past months but today's a fluke. I came to work wanting to throw every office equipment I lay my hands on. I brought zero patience and zero enthusiasm to work today. I feel as if the things that I've been trying to set aside are starting to take a toll on me: Saturday work, top guns who do not honor the very thing that they make you do, being misplaced, etc. I went out during lunch and didn't want to come back ever.
Just when I was about to lose it though, the Lord was quick to rescue. He led me to this article: What to Do When You Hate Your Job. It spoke to me so much! SO MUCH.
If you are feeling the same way as I am, do yourself a favor and read it. And oh, Psalm 37 brought me to tears.


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Every week seems to bring another news report of yet another data breach. Large companies – with troves of credit card numbers – are consistently popular targets, along with (as we've learned) the federal government's database of employee social security numbers, and databases that contain information more embarrassing than financially sensitive (see: Sony and Ashley Madison). Health care entities are also being targeted more frequently, as their databases contain both personal and financial information ripe for identity theft and fraud. Meanwhile, more and more business operations are moving online. Clearly, the solution to data breaches is not going to be a return to the days of paper.
We'll leave the technical issues to the coding geniuses who are trying to defend us against the hackers, but there is one protection businesses can adopt now, no coding knowledge necessary: cyber liability insurance. This relatively new insurance product is intended to provide coverage for losses resulting from data breaches. As with all insurance products, the details vary widely. The policies generally cover a variety of expenses arising from data breaches, such as notification costs, credit monitoring, costs to defend claims, and fines. However, some policies may only cover losses arising from negligence or unintentional breaches, but not breaches caused by the intentional misconduct of employees or criminal acts.
The process of getting a cyber insurance policy will usually require the insured to evaluate its current online security measures and, if necessary, adopt additional protections – a useful exercise with or without the insurance.
Businesses engaged in electronic activities, such as online sales or data collection, would be wise to talk to their insurance brokers about the cyber policy options available to them. There are also (unsurprisingly) a growing number of companies dedicated entirely to cyber security consulting, who can provide more comprehensive counseling in all matters cyber.


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Bethlehem Primitive Baptist Church is located in Thomaston, GA, in Upson County. Bethlehem was constituted on March 6, 1824 in what was then a part of Pike County. The original minutes for February 6, 1824 read as follows: "We, a few scattering Baptists in this wilderness country, feeling our lonesome situation, as sheep having no Shepherd, often having conferred together, agreed to have a meeting house on Lot No. 17 in the District 10, formerly Monroe, now Pike County, on the west side of the [Tobler] creek." The use of "Primitive" in the name denotes original, reminding all who pass by that we have not detoured from the faith of our ancestors. Since God does not change and the Bible is always true, Bethlehem Church holds to the past with uncompromising faith and looks toward the future with unwavering confidence in God.
We meet every Sunday for Bible Study at 10:00 am and Worship Service at 11:00
Elder Chris and Sister Kim Hill
Bethlehem Primitive Baptist Church
Bethlehem Primitive Baptist Church
3842 Triune Mill Road
Thomaston, GA 30286
Prayer List:
Burdie Brannon, Gaylon Barker, Annette Blount, James and Brenda Gassett, Charles Partain, Randy Garrett, family of Robert Dodds, Kylie Seitz, Katie Copeland, Sandra Copeland, Jennifer Vaughan, Wanda Epps, Billie Ann and Joel McDaniel, Tommy and Ruth Mullins, Gaylen McKinley, Kaye McKinley, Ty Ross, Larry Helms, Elder Billy Morgan, Jerry Farr, Amy Reese, Edward Carter, family of Betty Daniel, family of Winifred Standard, family of Helen Bishop, all of our churches, our nation's leaders, our military, the Unborn, Revival, all of us need the prayers of one another.
We are taught in God's word that "The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much."
James 5:16
Copyright 2019 Bethlehem Primitive Baptist Church. All rights reserved.


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Advanced Search
Streaming Media | News
A new media center at the University of Maine has integrated a video streaming server into an internally developed learning management system.
The university's BioMediaLab, part of the School of Biology and Ecology, created Synapse to provide students with online resources, including course handouts, quizzes, grades, discussion forums and high-definition streaming media. Synapse runs on standards PCs and laptops and is available as an iOS app for the iPhone or iPad. Faculty are now using the Wowza Streaming Engine to integrate media that includes video, audio and slideshows.
The company estimated that the university expected to deliver three terabytes of video content from 24 courses to 2,000 students each semester.
"With Wowza we can do more with video streaming. The ability to deliver video efficiently and reliably to any device vastly benefits both faculty and students," said Ron Kozlowski, director of the BioMediaLab. "Our video streaming capabilities give students with different learning styles the ability to see things they wouldn't see in a traditional classroom setting, and gives professors the ability to cater to students' needs and teach more effectively."
Instructors can upload their own video course material, and Wowza will convert the files to the right format for delivery to multiple kinds of devices. The program is available as an on-premises option or as a cloud service running on Amazon EC2, Google Cloud Platform or Rackspace.
The published price of the software is $55 per month per instance. An instance is defined as a single copy of Wowza Streaming Engine running on one physical or virtual computer. Educational organizations are eligible to receive license discounts between 20 and 35 percent.
About the Author
Dian Schaffhauser is a senior contributing editor for 1105 Media's education publications THE Journal and Campus Technology. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or on Twitter @schaffhauser.
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text: Stroke survivors who are within 6 months of their stroke are eligible for this free program through the American Stroke Foundation. The Stroke Survivor Navigation Program offers intensive support to help survivors and their caregivers adjust to life after stroke. Through weekly telephone calls, survivors and caregivers can address adjustment issues encountered at home, examine ways to avoid a second stroke and learn about new community resources. If you think you might be interested in this program, call the Stroke Survivor Navigation Program at 913-213-5493.


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Love is important because without it life has no meaning or purpose.
SO I'm in love with a kind-hearted girl. She gives me warmth,courage,and a feeling of being safe.
There is no doubt that she is beautiful,
very beautiful.
She has a pair of beautiful eyes. She is well built. Most importantly,she looks neat and fresh. In a word, in the eye of the lover,his beloved is a beauty.
LOVE is mysterious
Our love is nice. It was love at first sight, so Mary and Amold are going steady.
We believe we are right matches
I love her with all my heart. I never say "I'm through with you!"to her.
I love her not but for who she are, but for who I am before her.
Most of people are looking forward the crystal-like love-pure without any defect.However the truth is most people are having the glass-like love-same transparent but easily broken. But we believe our love is the tail of a lizard,which can reproduce even after being cut off!
Love is not about running into each other in crowds. Love is an impossible meeting. For example,I am a bird flying in sky, you are a leopard in forest. We just fall in love accidentally. So I am very happy!!!


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Last week I was in Nashville, Tenn., attending the 2014 Society of Industrial and Office Realtors (SIOR) Fall World Conference. Two of my colleagues, Brent Miller and Pete Letherman, from our real estate company, FM Stone Commercial, were also in attendance. Why would I be reporting on a real estate conference in a wine blog? […]
Review: 2006 Caymus Cabernet Sauvignon Special Selection
Wines From My Cellar & Others Caymus Vineyards was founded in 1971 by Charles (Charlie) and Lorna Belle Wagner. Producing only 240 cases of their first vintage of Cabernet Sauvignon in 1972, the Wagner family continues to own Caymus Vineyards with son Chuck (winemaker), his two sons and a daughter running the operation on a […]Cabernet Sauvignon, Caymus Vineyards, Napa Valley
12th Annual Chalet Party Shoppe Charity Wine, Beer and Spirit Tasting Event 2014
As I have said many times and will continue to say, the best way to learn about wine is to taste it. Local wine tasting events are simply a great way to taste and learn about wines. Wine tasting events are usually very economical, ranging in price from free to $20 to $25 per person. […]2011 Dead Bolt, 2013 Flight Song, Boys and Girls Clubs, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chalet Party Shoppe, Sauvignon Blanc, Stan Minden
2004 Ramey Wine Cellars, Jericho Canyon Vineyard, Napa Valley
I was first introduced to Ramey Wine Cellars seven or eight years ago, and have had the opportunity to drink their wines ever since. I think this was another wine recommended by my good friend Didier Loustau from Loustau Wines and Marketing in Napa.Cabernet Sauvignon, Healdsburg, Napa Valley, Ramey Wine Cellars
Review: 2002 Shafer Vineyards Cabernet Sauvignon
Wines From My Cellar & Others Shafer Vineyards, a family winery, has been producing top quality wines since the 1970s. Anyone who knows wines knows of Shafer Vineyards and their great portfolio of wines. I have been fortunate to be on the Shafer wine's mailing lists (which allows me to purchase wines directly from the […]Cabernet Sauvignon, Shafer Vineyards


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Science in 1,000 Words
If you carefully look at the above rendering of the Saturn V Rocket, you will notice that the creator has used some pretty simple terminology. In fact, Randall Monroe employed only the 1,000 most frequently used words in English.
Under this restriction, the rocket was called "up-goer five," the command module was "people box," and the liquid hydrogen feed line was "thing that lets in cold wet air to burn." The comic inspired Theo Anderson, a geneticist who supports accessible science education, to build a text editor that would force the user to write with only the 1000 most frequent words. He then invited scientists to describe what they do using the editor.Mental floss reported on the project which has been turned into "18 Complicated Scientific Ideas Explained Simply", scientific ideas ranging from olfactory biology, web development and political economy to paleomagnetism, particle physics and circadian rhythm biology where "Little flying animals can tell time of day. Little flying animals can tell time of year. It's all in their heads." Bora Zivkovic"
Geologists Anne Jefferson and Chris Rowan created the Tumblr "Ten Hundred Words of Science" to help scientists create science for the rest of us.
Can you think of other areas where using the 1,000 most common words in the English language can help people understand complicated concepts?


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Interesting Kids Outdoor Pool Canopy Chaise Lounge
- By: Elea Elaine Amanda
- Date: February 01st 2018
- Categories: Decoration
Inviting children to the pool may not be a difficult thing for most parents. Generally, children are rarely refused swimming activities, even if it means only playing in the kid's pool. However, some children require more adaptation while in the pool. These include children who are afraid of water, tends to nervousness in the face of the crowd, or easily panic. We can not impose them like children who do not wants you have to choose the best things that suits their needs one of them with kids outdoor pool canopy chaise lounge
Kids outdoor pool canopy chaise lounge is one of the products furniture supplies relax in the pool with the model design is very nice and interesting. These seats include seats longer that our previous post on the seat category will sleep longer but these seats are the wheels that are used to make it easier to move the spot, and also in this chair no place her hand. The lounge chairs are also equipped with a nice sofa and soft so if you possess will comfortable terrace.
Decor Interesting Kids Outdoor Pool Canopy Chaise Lounge
Kids outdoor pool this model canopy chaise lounge chair back support can you sleep and Rev lower so that you can use at will to your wishes. This chair is made of teak, Chair without mixture with other wood and colored finishing with a matte black color to make it look nice and charming. Lounge chairs can only be occupied by one person only because of the size of the seat made specifically for one person, Price Chair Relaxing Swimming Pool is arguably cheap, but the quality is not cheap. better this chair made from plastic or wicker that will not be easily damaged because often exposed to heat and rain.
Seats for children should be placed on the pool deck which has a sufficient area. Making it possible for children to relax and play. do not wear a foam material or a layer of skin. Because the chair with material la [leather linings will be easily damaged due to frequent exposure to water when finished swimming and was always damp.


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Archive for the 'alternative health' Category
Video Party to Celebrate 10 000th hit – bring popcorn!!
The last thing we need to do is revalidate the obsession with decimal milestones. . . but I also figure 666 666 hits is a pipedream so please enjoy this passing moment in blogging hysteri-er-history.
It's a good excuse to share one of the most beautiful bits of longform music video I've ever seen. Although you no doubt share my disdain for decimophilia, please oblige your ears, eyes, brain and soul with this little celebration feast.
Turn the lights right down, turn the volume way up, and set faces to stunned.
This is "We".
'From the heart, for the heartland' hits Redfern on Monday June 25th
Nationwide Indigenous Anti-Nuclear Waste Dump Speaking Tour hits Redfern Community Centre this week! Read the rest of this entry »
Carnival of Australia #05 – inspiration, imagination, aggravation, explanation… and 1 exploding bunny.
Well, the last issue was called 'Fourplay'. Had no inspiring puns on the number 5 to use this time around, but being little ripper you beaut aussies, fourplay means untying your shoelaces so let's get on with it, eh! What's that mate? Came a whole day too early? Strewth…. Read the rest of this entry »
Breaking News – Exxon reps 'arrested' in Canada over latest climate policy
Thursday June 14, Alberta, Calgary:
The 2007 Gas & Oil Exposition (GO Expo) was rocked today by the forward-looking keynote address delivered by Shepard Wolffe – spokesman for George Bush's key advisory, the National Petroleum Council (NPC), and mouthpiece for its Chief, former ExxonMobil CEO, Lee Raymond. Wolffe was accompanied by current Exxon rep Florian Osenberg.
It was expected that Wolffe would announce the long-awaited, though undoubtedly industry-biased and ignorantly conservative, findings of the US Department of Energy commisioned study into climate change and possible impacts on energy policy. Read the rest of this entry »
Cancer – An Extreme Alternative?
As an 'alternative health' practitioner – trained, qualified, and practising in shiatsu – cancer in all its manifestations is one of the most confronting dis-eases I have ever had to work with. Although I can only imagine how it feels for family members or, moreso, the patient, I have lost friends to leukemia at very young ages, and sufferers have shared their stories with me in ways that are generous, brave, and heartbreaking.
It angers me to see people promising cures, whether from natural sources or laboratory wizardry. Many seem to be fantastic sounding, but on deeper inspection also happen to be money spinners. Read the rest of this entry »


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Concrete House in Kohoku by Torafu
For the last 10 minutes, I've been staring at this house and I still don't get it. Why would someone in Japan get the Tokyo-based architects Torafu to design a family home that looks like that? And yes, I'm talking about that weird shaped roof. Aside for the common qualities which include cover from rain and letting light get in, on the interior it's used as a moderate separator. Located in a quiet residential region on the hilltop suburb of Kohoku, in Yokohama, this modern/weird house is no more than 3 meters in width and is made completely out of cast concrete.
The happy owners, are a couple that wanted Torafu to design a small (one-story) but sunshiny house. That's why the roof looks the way it does. All these pictures make me think how comfortable is this simple living arrangement (that looks like some sort of bunker) because I'm not yet seduced. Are you? – via Dezeen


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2017 just began, yet frankly it hasn't been the best begin of the year for Culés around the world, in any event not as much of course. Barcelona neglected to win both of their initial two amusements of the year, falling 2-1 to Athletic Bilbao in the primary diversion before fortunately scooping a 1-1 attract against Villarreal La Liga three days after the fact, notwithstanding, the Catalán goliaths have at long last skiped back as objectives from the MSN gave them a 3-1 win over Athletic at the Camp Nou, upsetting that 2-1 deficiency from the main leg I said before.
It is ideal, Barça have fit the bill for the Copa del Rey quarter last for the seventh time in a part and kept their trust of winning a third sequential title to be decided, it was a collaboration from a typical perspective, yet the majority of the much gratitude goes to one man, Lionel Messi.
Barça fit the bill for the Copa del Rey quarter last 4-3 on total, their 3-1 second leg win helped them yet it is very essential to note that Barça were trailing 2-0 in the main leg before Lionel Messi scored from a free kick. Expecting that objective did not occur, Barça would have smashed out of the opposition in spite of the 3-1 win, if Messi supports it incidentally, on the grounds that he was even the person who scored to make it 3-1 in any case which implies if his objective in the main leg stands yet this late one didn't it implies Barça would go into additional time versus Athletic Bilbao.. Frankly, he spared Barça from the front furthermore from the back.
We should put the Copa del Rey aside, on Sunday Barça played against Villarreal at El Madrigal in La Liga and were trailing by an objective for a hour and a half before Messi chose to spare all of us (players, mentors and fans) from the shame of two continuous annihilations by scoring one of the best free kick objectives you will ever observe. That objective gave Barça a point, and in spite of the fact that it was only a point, it additionally spared us from the disgrace and kept the "Barça have not lost at El Madrigal in the last 9 amusements" tag in place.. Nonetheless, that objective may very well demonstrate urgent later in the season.
I don't think about you however as I would see it, scoring three free kicks in three authority recreations all in the space of six days isn't just frightening additionally insane.. I could call it primitive on the grounds that the stuff violates the laws of standardization. Numerically that is a free kick objective at regular intervals though there are a few players, truly beat quality players who battle to get the stuff on focus for a considerable length of time.


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Beginning May 3rd, 14 teams from around the world will take to the Rift on behalf of their region. Learn more about MSI in-game content before the battle begins.
Given his undeniable impact on the esports meta during Worlds, resonance with the Conqueror thematic, and overall popularity, for this year's Mid-Season Invitational - Varus will reign with a hail of arrows.
Conqueror Varus and the 2018 Conqueror Ward will be available in the store from April 26, 2018 through May 21, 2018 08:59 for 975 RP and 640 RP respectively. 25% of the total sales from each will contribute to the MSI 2018 prize pool. Although the Conqueror Ward from MSI 2017 is returning, it will not contribute toward the prize pool. Both wards will not be returning in the future so be sure to pick them up while they are available!
For a limited time only, players can commemorate MSI 2018 by unlocking a special loading screen border and icon through the Conqueror Varus Bundle. Although Conqueror Varus will return every MSI, this bundle will not be coming back to the store. The bundle includes: Conqueror Varus, Conqueror Ward Skin, and an exclusive Conqueror Varus icon and loading screen border. You'll be able to pick up the MSI 2018 Conqueror Varus Bundle for 1616 RP (2276 RP if you need the champion) from April 26, 2018 through May 21, 2018 08:59.
Players who purchase both Conqueror Varus and the Conqueror ward skin will still receive the icon and border after the event to ensure nobody misses out - but be sure to purchase the bundle to receive the icon and border right away!
From May 1st, 2018 through May 21st, 2018 08:59, players can complete missions to receive blue essence, hextech chests and keys, and more. Additionally, an infinitely repeatable mission will be available for dedicated fans to support their region in the MSI Fandom Battle. Complete them all and receive the MSI 2018 emote!
The teams are not the only regional representatives who will be competing at MSI. Fans will also get a chance to fight for their region by completing MSI missions. Participating fans will receive the MSI mission set and their server region's MSI summoner icon for free. Completing the infinitely repeatable Fight for Your Region mission with a regional MSI summoner icon equipped will contribute points to that region for the fandom battle. If your allegiance lies elsewhere, you may purchase another region's icon in the store for 250 RP, with 50% contributing to that team.
Fandom points will be weighted by region population, so every region has a fair shot at winning.
Players will not need to equip a regional icon to complete missions and earn individual rewards, but will need to for the Fandom Battle.
Standings updates will be provided throughout the tournament on broadcast, in-client, and on lolesports.com. Keep an eye out for them after Play-Ins, Groups, and Finals!
If you own the summoner icon for the team that wins the Fandom Battle OR MSI, you will receive a three-day XP boost and an extra special mission after the tournament that rewards an exclusive Winner's icon.
During MSI 2018 you will have the opportunity to express fandom for your favorite team using team emotes, available for 450 RP. 30% of each team emote purchase will go directly to that team. Be sure to pick one up between May 1st, 2018 and May 21st, 2018 08:59 - as these limited emotes will not be returning!
During the week of finals, you'll recognize some notable esports voices on the rift in YOUR games. Shoutcasters from your region will join you to cheer on your best plays and your... less than best plays... in their own unique ways. They will move off the rift on May 20th, 2018, so make sure to check them out while they're available and let us know if you'd like to see more!
Beginning May 1st, 2018 through May 16th 08:59, keep an eye out for the valuable event-exclusive MSI Capsule. For 675 RP, you are guaranteed four 750+ RP skin shards, one of which is guaranteed to be an esports skin shard. Eligible esports skin shards include Fnatic, TPA, SKT, SSW, Challenger, and Conqueror Karma. All non-limited/non-Mythic 750+ RP shards have an equal chance of dropping.
Gemstone and Gemstone Skin drop rates have been multiplied by 1.5. Additionally, with bad luck protection in play, gemstones drop at a rate of 5.4%, and you'll never go more than 34 "chances" without getting a gemstone. There are three chances to score gemstones per 2018 MSI Capsule. Gemstone Skins have a 1 in 556 chance to drop from each 2018 MSI Capsule.
As a bonus, the four pack of MSI Capsules comes with a Masterwork Chest.
Throughout MSI, you will fight on the same battlefield as the pros. Keep an eye out for MSI banners flying in each base, Conqueror Baron, and the MSI 2018 logo emblazoned in the middle of each lane.
Pentakill and Baron steal promotions are back for MSI 2018. If a player secures a Pentakill or steals Baron, you'll get double the chance of Legendaries and Esports skins in Mystery Items through the end of that stage. This bonus stacks with each trigger, up to 4x per stage! We will be resetting triggers just once, after the Play-Ins.
For a limited time, Esports Legacy skins will be coming out of the vault so be sure to grab them!
They will be available individually or in the following discounted bundles:


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O-Ball Snowman! One of my winter-themed activities with my patients since there is no actual snow here in Los Angeles to play with :(. I would place the balls on…...read more
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In the spirit of the holiday season and Thanksgiving coming up here in the United States, I thought I would share 10 things I am thankful for as a pediatric…...read more
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I will never get tired of seeing a kiddo take their first steps… 17 month old patient with developmental delay (not walking yet), and no additional neurological conditions After…...read more
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text: Increased Mortality in Adult Patients With Trauma Transfused With Blood Components Compared With Whole BloodJones, Allison R. MSN, RN; Frazier, Susan K. PhD, RN, FAHAJournal of Trauma Nursing: January/February 2014 - Volume 21 - Issue 1 - p 22–29 doi: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000025 RESEARCH Buy Abstract Author InformationAuthors Article MetricsMetrics Hemorrhage is a preventable cause of death among patients with trauma, and management often includes transfusion, either whole blood or a combination of blood components (packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma). We used the 2009 National Trauma Data Bank data set to evaluate the relationship between transfusion type and mortality in adult patients with major trauma (n = 1745). Logistic regression analysis identified 3 independent predictors of mortality: Injury Severity Score, emergency medical system transfer time, and type of blood transfusion, whole blood or components. Transfusion of whole blood was associated with reduced mortality; thus, it may provide superior survival outcomes in this population. RICH Heart Program, University of Kentucky College of Nursing (Dr Frazier), University of Kentucky College of Nursing (Ms Jones), Lexington. Correspondence: Allison R. Jones, MSN, RN, 613 Beaumont Ave, Lexington, KY 40502 (firstname.lastname@example.com). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Copyright © 2014 by the Society of Trauma Nurses.


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In vitro Effect of L-Tryptophan on the Quality and Fertilizing Capacity of Sperms of Endangered Species of Trouts
In vitro Effect of L-Tryptophan on the Quality and Fertilizing Capacity of Sperms of Endangered Species of Trouts
Filiz Kutluyer*
Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, Tunceli 62000, Turkey
The present study was focused on determining the effect of L-tryptophan on quality of sperm and its fertilizing capacity in endangered trout Salmo coruhensis, Anatolian trout Salmo rizeensis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Different activation media (NaCl, 0.3%; NaHCO3, 1%) were supplemented with L-tryptophan [Control (0), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM] for assessing sperm motility and its duration, fertility and hatching rate of eggs. The results from the present study indicated that addition of L-tryptophan increased the motility rate and duration in O. mykiss, S. rizeensis and S. coruhensis compared to control group. Highest sperm motility rate and its duration, and fertility and hatching rate of eggs of O. mykiss, S. rizeensis and S. coruhensis were 0.5 mM, 5 mM and 2 mM, respectively. To conclude, sperm quality and fertility were positively affected by quantitative changes different concentrations of L-tryptophan. In addition, L-tryptophan can be used in activation medium for O. mykiss, S. rizeensis and S. coruhensis.
Article Information
Received 15 April 2017
Revised 24 August 2017
Accepted 22 December 2017
Available online 12 April 2018
Key words
Endangered species, Salmo coruhensis, Salmo rizeensis, Oncorhynchus mykiss, L-tryptophan, Sperm quality, Fertilizing capacity of a sperm.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.3.903.910
* Corresponding author: email@example.com
0030-9923/2018/0003-0903 $ 9.00/0
Copyright 2018 Zoological Society of Pakistan
Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta are the most important Salmonid fish species owing to its aquaculture potential, economic value and wide consumer demand (Kocabas et al., 2011; Kocabas and Bascinar, 2013). Salmo trutta forms resident populations in the upper streams of rivers and occurs in North Africa, Europe, West Asia and Anatolia (Kuru, 2004; Kottelat et al., 2007; Kocabas and Bascinar, 2013). In addition, it is an important potential species for recreational fishery. Recently, S. t. labrax and S. t. macrostigma ecotype have been described by Turan et al. (2009) as S. coruhensis and S. rizeensis (Can et al., 2012; Seyhaneyıldız Can et al., 2014). In addition, S. coruhensis is an endemic anadromus fish and only distributed in the rivers of Eastern Black Sea Region (Kocabas and Bascınar, 2013). In particular, populations of the species are affected by natural hybridization, the local devastation in water sources through habitat fragmentation and modification, water eutrophication and contaminations, environmental instability and global warming (Costedoat et al., 2007; Roberts et al., 2009; Crego-Prieto et al., 2012; Šimková et al., 2015). Sperm motility is the essential functional parameter for successful fertilization in fish (Islam and Akhter, 2011; Öğretmen et al., 2016). Sperm cells in most fish species immotile in seminal fluid and require to release into the water in order to trigger motility and become metabolically active (Dzyuba et al., 2010; Öğretmen et al., 2016). Therefore, characteristics of activation media are crucial in terms of initiation and progression of sperm motility (Öğretmen et al., 2016). In addition, determination of suitable activation media is crucial in terms of increasing the fertilization rate (Le and Pham, 2016).
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and have a crucial role for biologically and psychologically process (Kutluyer and Kocabas, 2016; Husan et al., 2017). Thus far, several studies about sperm cryopreservation in different fish species (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus fontinalis, Pagrus major, Carassius auratus) (Lahnsteiner et al., 2011; Martínez-Páramo et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2014; Ekici et al., 2014; Rani et al., 2014; Kutluyer et al., 2014, 2015; Öğretmen et al., 2015) or dietary effect of amino acid on sperm quality (O. mykiss) (Canyurt and Akhan, 2008) have been published over the past decade the latest available literature.
L-tryptophan (TRP) is aromatic amino acid, and research and clinical trials have been widely conducted due to critical role in metabolic functions (Richard et al., 2009). The essential amino acid L-tryptophan (TRP) is needed for the biosynthesis of proteins (Zhao et al., 2010). As far as the authors of this work are aware, no attempt has been made to use of L-tryptophan in sperm activation medium of fish species. Within this context, the aim of this study was to examine effect of supplementation of different activation mediums (NaCl, 0.3%; NaHCO3, 1%) with different L-tryptophan concentrations (0.5 mM; 1 mM; 2 mM; 3 mM; 4 mM; 5 mM) on endangered trout S. coruhensis, Anatolian trout S. rizeensis and rainbow trout O. mykiss sperm.
Materials and methods
Mature endangered trout males (1589.17±0.13 g, 44.13±3.25 cm as mean±SD), rainbow trout (1357.36±0.46 g, 42.36±1.89 cm as mean±SD) and Anatolian trout (1445.10±0.18 g, 43.37±3.87 as mean±SD) were obtained from commercially trout farm, Trabzon, Turkey for sperm collection. Males were anesthetized (Benzoacaine, 50 mg/L) before stripping. Caution was exercised to prevent contamination of the semen with urine, feces, blood, mucus or water. The sperm was collected by a gentle abdominal massage, collected into glass vials and stored on ice (2-4°C) until use.
The pH of semens was measured with a pH meter (Thermo Scientific Orion 5-Star Plus pH meter, USA). The spermatocrit is defined as the ratio of white packed material (sperms) volume to the total volume of semen × 100 (Rurangwa et al., 2004). Microhaematocrit capillary tubes (75 mm in length and 1.1–1.2 mm in diameter) were used for spermatocrit measurement. Microhaematocrit capillary tubes filled with semen were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min in a LD5-2B centrifuge (Beijing Shiningsun Technology, Japan) and then spermatocrit was calculated on the basis of the ratio of spermatozoa volume (white part) to total volume of semen × 100.
L-tryptophan was separately added to the activation mediums (NaCl, 0.3%; NaHCO3, 1%) (one per experimental group): Control (0) (C), (a) 0.5 mM (T1), (b) 1 mM (T2) (c) 2 mM (T3), (d) 3 mM (T4), (e) 4 mM (T5), (f) 5 mM (T6). Motility parameters were measured using an automated system, SCA (Sperm Class Analyzer v. 4.0.0. by Microptic S.L., Barcelona, Spain). The spermatozoa movement was monitored using a camera (Basler A312fc, with sensor type CCD) at 50 Hz mounted on a Nikon Eclipse 50i microscope, coworking with SCA. The duration of motility was determined as the time until forward movement stops. The negative phase contrast lens of 10 magnification and intermediate optic 2.5 were used to trace sperm head. Half-second films (25 frames) were recorded at 7, 10 and then at each 5 s intervals until the motility completely stopped. Undiluted milt (1–2 µl) was added to 400 µl while diluted milt (2 µl) was added to 50 µl of the activating solution in a polyethylene Eppendorf. After rapid pippeting mixing, a portion of 1.2 µl of this mixture was placed directly in one well of a 12-well multi-test glass slide with coverslip (MP Biomedicals LLC, Germany). The activation and film recording of undiluted milt was repeated triplicate. These operations of diluted milt were repeated five times in order to capture at least 50 sperm at beginning of recording. Sperm motility parameters were chosen for analysis: MOT (percent of motile sperm, %), VCL (curvilinear velocity, >20 µ ms-1), VAP (average path velocity, µ ms-1), VSL (straight line velocity, µ ms-1), LIN (linearity, %), STR (straightness), and BCF (beat cross frequency, Hz) (Kutluyer et al., 2014).
Fertilization experiments were conducted at 8-10°C. One homogenous egg pool was used for the fertilization experiments. From the eggs the ovarian fluid was drained off and the eggs were placed in fertilization solution a ratio of 1:2 (eggs: solution), then the semen was added and the components were mixed with each other. 100 ± 5 eggs were fertilized with 100 µl sperm (sperm to egg ratio: X105: 1). Three to 5 minutes after fertilization the eggs were rinsed in hatchery water and incubated in flow incubators at water temperature of 9 ± 0.5 °C. The experimental success was determined as the percentage of eyed embryos in relation to the total number of eggs 28 to 30 d after fertilization (Kutluyer et al., 2014).
Statistical analysis was performed using the software package SPSS 14.0 for Windows and results were expressed as means ± Standard deviation. Differences among the treatments were tested by one-way ANOVA. The Duncan test was used for all post-hoc comparisons. Significance was set at p<0.05.
Table I.- Sperm parameters (Mean±SD) of Salmo coruhensis, Salmo rizeensis, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
Semen volume (ml)
Spermatocrit (%)
Sperm density* (×109)
S. coruhensis
S. rizeensis
O. mykiss
* Sperm density is density/ml
Sperm parameters (mean ± SD) are presented in Table I. Effect of L-tryptophan on the motility rate and duration, fertility and hatching rate of O. mykiss sperm was shown in Figure 1. The results of the present study indicated that differences in the motility rate and duration of O. mykiss sperm were significant among the treatments (p<0.05).Highest motility rate (96.67%) and duration (110 s), fertility (95.19%) and hatching rate (85.12%) were at concentration 0.5 mM in activation medium (NaCl). Highest motility (100%) and duration (38 s), fertility (93.57%) and hatching rate (83.07%) were at concentration 0.5 mM in activation medium (NaHCO3).
Effect of supplementation of L-tryptophan to activation medium on motility and duration for S. rizeensis is presented in Figure 2. The trials in this study indicated that differences in the motility rate and duration of S. rizeensis sperm were significant among the treatments (p<0.05). Highest motility rate (100%) and duration (60 s), fertility (95.19%) and hatching rate (85.19%) were at concentration 5 mM in activation medium (NaCl). Highest motility (100%) and duration (47 s), fertility (94.05%) and hatching rate (84.07%) were at concentration 5 mM in activation medium (NaHCO3).
Effect of addition of L-tryptophan to activation medium on motility and duration for S. coruhensis is presented in Figure 3. The data in this study indicated that differences in the motility rate and duration of S. coruhensis sperm were significant among the treatments (p<0.05). Highest motility (90.00%) and duration of motility (80.33 s), fertility (92.19%) and hatching rate (82.09%) were at concentration 1 mM in activation medium (NaCl). Highest motility (94.05%) and duration of motility (84.07 s) were at concentration 2 mM in activation medium (NaHCO3).
Effect of L-tryptophan on the motility parameters (VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and BCF) of sperm is presented in Figure 4. Highest VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and BCF were at concentration 0.5 mM for O. mykiss, 5mM for S. rizeensis, 1 mM (NaCl) and 2 mM (NaHCO3) for S. coruhensis.
To the best of our knowledge, this is apparently the first report on effect of sperm activation medium supplemented with L-tryptophan on O. mykiss, S. coruhensis and O. mykiss sperm, although studies have been conducted about sperm cryopreservation in different fish species (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus fontinalis, Pagrus major, Carassius auratus) (Lahnsteiner et al., 2011; Martínez-Páramo et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2014; Ekici et al., 2012; Rani et al., 2014; Kutluyer et al., 2014, 2015; Öğretmen et al., 2015) or dietary effect of amino acid on sperm quality (O. mykiss) (Canyurt and Akhan, 2008).
In this study, we demonstrated the usefulness of L-tryptophan in different activation mediums for three species sperm. Supplementation of L-tryptophan in activation media was increased motility rate and duration. The best concentration of L-tryptophan changed depending on species. Using L-tryptophan in different activation mediums resulted in high sperm motility rate of S. coruhensis (2 mM), O. mykiss (0.5 mM) and S. rizeensis (5 mM) for different concentrations. In O. mykiss, motility rate and duration decreased after concentration 0.5 mM. In S. rizeensis, an increase in the concentration of L-tryptophan in activation media caused a significant increase in the motility rate and duration of sperm. In S. coruhensis, a remarkably decrease was observed in motility duration after concentration 3 mM. This may be due to antioxidant property of amino acids. However, the mechanisms and role of amino acids on sperm quality have yet to be fully explored, and thus future studies on this question are required.
Sperm velocities play a crucial role for success of fertilization (Rudolfsen et al., 2008; Skjæraasen et al., 2009; Butts et al., 2010). In previous studiess, it was reported that success of fertilization correlated with sperm motility velocities (VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and BCF) in turbot (Psetta maxima) (Dreanno et al., 1999), African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Rurangwa et al., 2001), carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Martínez-Páramo et al., 2009), streaked prochilod (Prochilodus lineatus) (Viveiros et al., 2010) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Lahnsteiner, 2000; Kutluyer et al., 2014). In present study, sperm from treatments containing L-tryptophan had higher fertility, hatching rate, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and BCF. The present results may be due to protection the cells against damage of free radicals and oxidative stress of L-tryptophan (Kutluyer and Kocabas, 2016).
In conclusion, based on the data obtained within the context of this study, best concentrations of L-tryptophan changed depending on species. L-tryptophan was used efficiently in activation medium for rainbow trout O. mykiss, Anatolian trout S. rizeensis, endangered trout S. coruhensis sperm. Determination of suitable activation solution is important due to be increasing the fertilizing capacity (Le and Pham, 2016). Therefore, our study provides new insights related to use of L-tryptophan on fish sperm quality. The knowledge of effects of L-tryptophan and its mechanism of action might be helpful for both research and commercial use. Further studies would be needed to evaluation the precise mechanisms.
This work was funded by Karadeniz Technical University. Authors like to express deep thanks to continuous help of Aziz Kutluyer and Devrim Altuntaş.
Statement of conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Husna, A., Ansari, M.S., Rakha, B.A., Ejaz, R., Ullah, N., and Shamim, A. 2017. Melatonin supplementation in extender enhances the post thaw quality of buffalo bull spermatozoa. Pakistan J. Zool., 49: 171-175.
Islam, S.M. and Akhter, T., 2011. Tale of fish sperm and factors affecting sperm motility: A review. Adv. Life Sci., 1: 11-19. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.als.20110101.03
Kocabaş, M. and Bascinar, N., 2013. The effect of salinity on spotting features of Salmo trutta abanticus, S. trutta fario and S. trutta labrax of cultured. Iran. J. Fish. Sci., 12: 723-732.
Kocabas, M., Kayim, M., Can, E., Ateş, M., Kutluyer, F. and Aksu, Ö., 2011. Spotting pattern features in the brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma, T., 1954) population. Scient. Res. Essays, 6: 5021-5024.
Kottelat, M. and Freyhof, J., 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany, pp. 646.
Kuru, M., 2004. The last systematic status of inland fish in Turkey. G. U. J. Fac. Educ., 24: 1-21.
Kutluyer, F., Kayım, M., Öğretmen, F., Büyükleblebici, S. and Tuncer, P.B., 2014. Cryopreservation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss spermatozoa: Effects of extender supplemented with different antioxidants on sperm motility, velocity and fertility. Cryobiology, 69: 462-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.10.005
Kutluyer, F., Öğretmen, F. and İnanan, B.E., 2015. Effects of semen extender supplemented with L-methionine and packaging methods (straws and pellets) on post-thaw goldfish (Carassius auratus) sperm quality and DNA damage. Cryoletters, 36: 336-343.
Kutluyer, F. and Kocabaş, M., 2016. Use of amino acids in fish sperm cryopreservation: A review. Austin Biol., 1: 1014.
Lahnsteiner, F., 2000. Semen cryopreservation in the Salmonidae and in the Northern pike. Aquacult. Res., 31: 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00452.x
Lahnsteiner, F., Mansour, N. and Kunz, F.A., 2011. The effect of antioxidants on the quality of cryopreserved semen in two salmonid fish, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Theriogenology, 76: 882-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.019
Liu, Q., Wang, X., Wang, W., Zhang, X., Xu, S., Ma, D., Xiao, Z., Xiao, Y. and Li, J., 2014. Effect of the addition of six antioxidants on sperm motility, membrane integrity and mitochondrial function in red seabream (Pagrus major) sperm cryopreservation. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 41: 413-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-014-9993-9
Le, M.H. and Pham, H.Q., 2016. Sperm motilities in Waigieu Seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis: effects of various dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 48: 435-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12357
Martínez-Páramo, S., Pe´rez-Cerezales, S., Go´mez-Romano, F., Blanco, G., Sánchez, J.A. and Herráez, M.P., 2009. Cryobanking as tool for conservation of biodiversity: Effect of brown trout sperm cryopreservation on the male genetic potential. Theriogenology, 71: 594-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.09.034
Martínez-Páramo, S., Diogo, P., Dinis, M.T., Soares, F., Sarasquete, C. and Cabrita, E., 2013. Effect of two sulfur-containing amino acids, taurine and hypotaurine in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) sperm cryopreservation. Cryobiology, 66: 333-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.04.001
Öğretmen, F., İnanan, B.E., Kutluyer, F. and Kayım, M., 2015. Effect of semen extender supplementation with cysteine on post-thaw sperm quality, DNA damage, and fertilizing ability in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Theriogenology, 83: 1548-1552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.02.001
Öğretmen, F., Inanan, B.E. and Kutluyer, F., 2016. Combined effects of physicochemical variables (pH and salinity) on sperm motility: Characterization of sperm motility in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, Mar. Freshw. Behav. Physiol., 49: 217-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2016.1163838
Rani, K.U. and Munuswamy, N., 2014. Effect of DNA damage caused by cryopreservation of spermatozoa using a modified Single cell gell electrophoresis in the freshwater catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Fowler, 1936). J. Coast. Life Med., 2: 515-519.
Richard, D.M., Dawes, M.A., Mathias, C.W., Acheson, A., Hill-Kapturczak, N., and Dougherty, D.M. 2009. L-tryptophan: Basic metabolic functions, behavioral research and therapeutic indications. Int. J.Tryptophan Res.IJTR, 2: 45–60.
Roberts, D.G., Gray, C.A., West, R.J. and Ayre, D.J., 2009. Evolutionary impacts of hybridization and interspecific gene flow on an obligatory estuarine fish. J. Evol. Biol., 22: 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01620.x
Rudolfsen, G., Figenschou, L., Folstad, I. and Kleven, O., 2008. Sperm velocity influences paternity in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Aquacult. Res., 39: 212–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01863.x
Rurangwa, E., Volckaert, F.A.M., Huyskens, G., Kime, D.E. and Ollevier, F., 2001. Quality control of refrigerated and cryopreserved semen using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), viable staining and standardized fertilization in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Theriogenology, 55: 751-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00441-1
Rurangwa, E., Kime, D.E., Ollevier, F. and Nash, J.P., 2004. The measurement of sperm motility and factors affecting sperm quality in cultured fish. Aquaculture, 234: 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.12.006
Seyhaneyildiz Can, S., Kutluyer, F., Can, E., Kayiş, Ş., Delihasan-Sonay, F. and Köse, Ö., 2014. Effect of dietary kefir on the digestive and liver enzymes activities, and glucose level of Coruh trout, Salmo coruhensis (Actinopterygii: Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). Acta Ichthyol. Piscat., 44: 167-170. https://doi.org/10.3750/AIP2014.44.2.13
Skjæraasen, J.A., Mayer, I., Meager, J.J., Rudolfsen, G., Karlsen, O., Haugland, T. and Kleven, O., 2009. Sperm characteristics and competitive ability in farmed and wild cod. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 375: 219-228. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07774
Šimková, A., Vojtek, L., Halačka, K., Hyršl, P. and Vetešník, L., 2015. The effect of hybridization on fish physiology, immunity and blood biochemistry: A case study in hybridizing Cyprinus carpio and Carassius gibelio (Cyprinidae). Aquaculture, 435: 381-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.10.021
Turan, D., Kottelat, M. and Engin, S., 2009. Two new species of trouts, resident and migratory, sympatric in streams of northern Anatolia (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshw., 20: 333-364.
Viveiros, A.T.M., Nascimento, A.F., Orfão, L.H. and Isaú, Z.A., 2010. Motility and fertility of the subtropical freshwater fish streaked prochilod (Prochilodus lineatus) sperm cryopreserved in powdered coconut water. Theriogenology, 74: 551-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.018
Zhao, N., Wang, X., Pan, H., Hu, Y. and Ding, L., 2010. Spectroscopic studies on the interaction between tryptophan-erbium(III) complex and herring sperm DNA. Spe ctrochim. Acta Part A, 75: 1435-1442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2010.01.013


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Leaked Quotes
We leaked our whole record about five months ago. We're kind of looking into the future of audio. I don't think the CD is going to last a lot longer. It is risky for an unknown band to release music that requires so much manual extraction, but the people most excited about music are young and pretty computer-savvy. - Sam Brown
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Carrying books to schools can be a very tedious task, as school bags used to weigh down the shoulders this makes it really difficult for children to bear the burden. Today, school bags have shed their boring look for a more stylish, trendy form. Konga offers you an amazing collection of school bags for kids of all age groups. Not only does our selection of bags comprise high-quality branded bags that look stylish, these bags are designed to be spacious with ample compartments for all their belongings. With classic and modern themes, these bags are designed to bring delight to your kids some featuring their cartoon favourites. Whether your children are setting off for their first day at school or packing for their summer holiday abroad, good kids' bags are necessary.
When looking out for a bag for your kids, you want to make sure that it is durable, long-lasting, and also comfortable to wear, with enough space to accommodate everything that they need for the day. Find a bag to suit your child's personality and add a sense of fun to their outfit with one of our exotic and patterned children's bag! With a fabulous range of bags available, you now get to select school bags from popular brands like Disney, Hello-Kitty, Yakpak, among others. Now, you can easily browse ergonomic styles, patterns, materials, and opt for the one that is best for your little one. Given an extensive range of options, you are sure to find school backpacks that will make your child want to go to school.


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- Took advantage of the great weather today and headed for the hills!
- The gloves are off! (Literally) perfect weather this afternoon in .
- The upside of a 'real' workweek: a real weekend! 7 hours on the schedule today and tomorrow. Weather cooperating too!
- .@ I am both an amateur cyclist and writer. Your praise means a lot. Thank you.
- Today: 40m car commute. Work 4hrs. Sneak 30m strength in a park during lunch. Work 4hrs. 40m back home. 1h on the rollers.
Blog Post Calendar
Tag Archives: year in review
Top Posts of 2011
In case you missed any good reading this year, I will link and summarize my most viewed posts of 2011. Readership on the blog ballooned in April, and a few of these posts are before then, so perhaps you missed … Continue reading
Posted in Personal, Testing, Training Tagged blogging, cycling, racing, top posts, training, year in review Leave a comment
2011 Year in Review
The first step in planning for 2012 is to look at how my 2011 Annual Training Plan worked. Of course, I didn't always stick to the plan, but here is a quick summary of my goals and achievements in 2011. … Continue reading
Posted in Personal Tagged 2011, achievement, annual training plan, colorado, cycling, goals, racing, training, win, year in review 1 Comment


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Mohawk – Ultimate choice for SmartStrand retailers
The new Ultimate SmartStrand display unit by Mohawk is taking retailers by storm thanks to its ability to entice shoppers with its incredible choice and variety.
Comprising an array of styles all crafted from the beautifully soft and durable SmartStrand fibre, which is partly made from corn, the Ultimate SmartStrand POS unit is designed to meet a wide range of design tastes with carpets to suit many different homes.
Featuring stunning textured carpets such as Cascade Forest and Dramatic Flair in sophisticated shades of taupe, cream and grey, as well as a seemingly endless choice of standard SmartStrand colours and qualities, one of the main draws of the Ultimate SmartStrand stand is the luxurious appeal of one of the newest additions to the range – SmartStrand Silk.
Delivering never-felt-before softness, SmartStrand Silk carpets provide unrivalled underfoot comfort and are ideal for creating opulent living and bedroom spaces.
"The Ultimate SmartStrand collection is so extensive, it is only natural that it is housed on a suitably stunning display stand," comments Howard Lindsay, RVP International Sales UK, Ireland, Iceland and South Africa. "With the whole host of SmartStrand styles available to view and feel upon the unit, including the latest super-soft incarnation, SmartStrand Silk, the POS unit allows retailers to demonstrate the diverse nature of the collection to shoppers and inspire them with the many possibilities available."
Including large sample sizes that encourage touch and exploration as well as aspirational lifestyle photography, the Ultimate SmartStrand display is certainly a captivating addition to any shop floor.


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Gopher Control in Fullerton, CA
When rodents like gophers are damaging your Fullerton landscape and need Gopher Control service call Rodent Guys to save your landscaping. Our Gopher Control service in Fullerton, CA is available with pet friendly methods by well trained technicians. Call us at 909-599-4711 to service Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange and Riverside counties.
60-day Guarantee Gopher / Mole Service
A gopher control Fullerton California needs is from the pocket gopher which is the same thing as a gopher. Almost all harm will be to new plants as they are immature, un-established but it won't require a good deal gnawing for a gopher to destroy or devour it. Grass is also exceptionally effected by gophers with damage from both the feeding of the grass plus the earth forced on the top as well as staying on top of the grass that smothers it.
Big trees will take eating for a while so no worries. Smaller trees could be killed by way of gopher quickly because the roots offering the life for the tree are immature. You will see particular branches of trees or bushes begin to die off whenever gophers are damaging it. This is a result of the roots supplying life to that area of the plant is damaged or killed from the gopher and no longer providing life for that part of the plant you happen to be growing.
How Do I Know if I need service?
Gopher Mound
Pocket gopher burrows are usually stuffed wth dirt like in the picture above. This helps to differentiate them from other burrowing rodents like moles. They can create one to three mounds a day leading to why you want to get rid of gophers right away on your landscape. Gopher removal (not gofer removal ) is usually done by a qualified pest control company with background in how to remove gophers for your house. Always ensure they have an agriculture pest control license as required by California state law in and not only a license for structural pest control.
Damage and reasons we need Removal
Gophers consume plants, tree roots, flowers and vegetables on your yard – if it's a plant they probably will eatwll consume|like} it. Most damage is to new plants because they are young, un-established and it does not} take much for a gopher to destroy or consume it. Grass is also very effected by gophers with destruction from both the eating of the grass and the dirt pushed on top and sitting on the grass which kills it.
Big trees can take chewing for a little bit so not to worry. Smaller trees can be killed by a gopher in a short time because the root system supplying the life to the tree are undeveloped. You will see certain branches of trees or bushes begin to dry out when gophers are eating them. This is caused by the roots supplying that part of the plant is damaged or killed by the gopher and no longer supplying nutrients to that part of the plant you are growing in.
The most effective control methods for gopher extermination are burrow fumigants, poison, burrow blasting, Tunnel Fill, and trapping. Trapping, Tunnel Fill and baiting are options that a property owner can use with some success. Burrow Blasting is usually operated by a company serious about gophers (we have a Varmint Getter for burrow blasting) because of the expense of the blaster.
Burrow fumigants are very useful but are restricted materials in, only available to and used by licensed professionals like us. Burrow fumigants are not the same as the flares from the tools store which are seldom successful.
Poison baits available to agriculture pest control operators are much higher concentration and effective than what is available to a homeowner. The main reason to hire a gopher expert is the experience of what technique to use for each property and proper placement of fumigants and or bait for effective removal of gophers.
Using water to wash them out
Flooding can be effective on farms where the entire field is flooded and there is nowhere for a gopher to escape. On your property you are going to try to flood the gopher with a water holse in the opening. The problem is the water typically never fills up the tunnel system and the gopher simply raises his nose above the water line until you begin to be concerned about the water bill in Fullerton and shut it off.
No repellents in Fullerton available at the present time that have been proved to provide good Gopher Control. Several plants, such as gopher purge and cantor bean have been said to offer protection, but these claims have never been proved. If they really worked to get rid of gophers no one would be reading this site including you.
Keeping gophers out of your lawn using physical barriers can be effective for small projects. Any large project, such as placing fencing around the perimeter of your backyard would be cost prohibitive. Plus this would at best only provide short-term control. Eventually gophers find a way in.
Raised planter beds can be protected by attaching a 1/4 inch galvanized hardware cloth under the bed and securing it to the 2×6 wood frame prior to adding soil in your yard.
Calif DFG position
When gophers are causing damage to you Fullerton property, they are allowed to be controled by any legal means. Allowable ways include gopher traps and poison bait placed by the owner or tenant of the property. Any poison bait used to kill gophers must be registered for gophers on the product label and follow the instructions carefully.
Rodent Guys Rodent Company
Rodent Guys will come out to provide Gopher Control services in Fullerton using the best methods based on each situation such as fumigation. Depending on where tunnels are located poison baits are used instead of fumigation of tunnels. Gopher Control is a tough job for the novice, we have a lot of experience with it.
This is head honcho of Rodent Guys, Nick Nielsen, with 2 gophers, one caught in a gopher trap and one removed with bait. Nick and his team of Gopher Control experts will be holding trophies like these at the end of your project.
We Service Most areas in the following counties:
Los Angeles County, Ventura, San Bernardino County, Orange County and Riverside County
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7433.html http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7476.html


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This is in reference to an article (Telegram & Gazette, Aug. 26), on rising tuition to area colleges.
I noticed the tuition at Becker College was $24,376.80 and Holy Cross was $37,342. I graduated from Becker College in 1958, and will be attending my 50th reunion the last weekend of September. My expenses for the two years I attended including weekend entertainment and food, etc., were under $4,000, and I earned every cent of it working day and night for two years after high school in order to save enough, while most of the students in my class were able to attend right after graduation. I also had to help support my family at home. I could not afford a four-year degree. I also had to work all the time I was in college.
In our day, student loans weren�t readily available, and if they were, I would have had no way of repaying one as wages were low in those days.
If in the future, costs of going to college become unaffordable, we will not have enough qualified and highly trained people for such jobs as doctors, lawyers, and other highly technical skilled positions. Think what that will do to this country.
Regarding student loans, it takes many years to repay them and many will go unpaid leaving whoever is providing the loan in the lurch. This to me will be one of the biggest crises affecting us in the future.


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We occasionally come across a web site that we think you might be interested in, just as we are. The following links should inform and entertain...so enjoy!
The National Woodie Club exists to promote interest in Woodies; to educate owners and the public on their history, beauty, usefulness, and uniqueness; and to provide an association through which Woodie owners and enthusiasts may exchange information on history, building, restoration or modification techniques and share experiences.
This web site was created specifically for the Chrysler Town & Country Chapter of the National Woodie Club.


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When Apple launched Apple Music in June, the company decided to debut its long-awaited music streaming and on-demand service with an unprecedented, and somewhat controversial, 3-month free trial. Millions of Apple users signed up to give the service a try, but the Apple Music free trial period ends soon, on September 30, 2015. If you're currently signed up but don't think the service is worth the regular $9.99-per-month price, you'll need to cancel your Apple Music free trial before the end of the month in order to avoid being charged. Here's how to do it.
Cancel Apple Music via iTunes
To cancel Apple Music on your Mac or PC, you'll need to be running iTunes 12.2 or higher. Launch the app in OS X or Windows, sign in with the Apple ID associated with your Apple Music free trial, and then click your account name in the iTunes toolbar. In the drop-down menu that appears, select Account Info. Enter your account password when prompted.
Once the Account Info page loads, scroll all the way to the bottom until you see the section labeled "Settings." Find the entry for Subscriptions and click Manage.
This section of your iTunes account lists any recurring subscriptions that are (or were previously) associated with your Apple ID, such as subscriptions to now-defunct Newsstand content. Listed at the top should be an entry for "Your Membership" for Apple Music. Click Edit.
Here, you'll see the specifics of your membership, such as whether your account is enrolled in the Individual or Family Apple Music plans. As of the date of this tip, all Apple Music accounts are still under the free trial period, and so all accounts should list September 30, 2015 as the end of the current subscription period. If you're reading this tip after September 30, 2015, then the date listed in the "Your Subscription" row will reflect your next billing date.
To cancel your Apple Music free trial and avoid being charged, find "Automatic Renewal" and click Off. You'll see a box appear asking you to confirm your choice to turn off auto-renewal. Click Turn Off to confirm.
You'll now be returned to the "Your Membership" page for Apple Music and the auto-renewal options should be gone, indicating that you've successfully canceled your subscription. You can still use and enjoy Apple Music until September 30, 2015, but after that date you'll lose access to the service and won't be charged the monthly fee.
If you ever wish to re-subscribe to Apple Music following the end of the free trial period, just head back to iTunes > Account Info > Subscriptions > Manage > Apple Music Membership > Edit and click "Subscribe" next to either the Individual or Family plans as desired. Apple Music doesn't have any contracts or membership terms, so you can re-subscribe and cancel at will in monthly increments going forward.
Cancel Apple Music in iOS
You can also cancel your Apple Music subscription directly on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch, without needing to use iTunes on a Mac or PC. To do so, head to Settings > App and iTunes Stores and tap on your Apple ID at the top of the menu (assuming that this Apple ID is the one associated with your Apple Music free trial; if it's not, tap Sign Out and then log in with the correct Apple ID). Tap View Apple ID and enter your password when prompted.
On the Account Settings page, find "Subscriptions" and tap Manage. An entry for "Your Membership" for Apple Music will be listed at the top. Tap on it to change your Apple Music subscription options.
Similar to the process for iTunes outlined above, your subscription should be listed as a Free Trial if you're reading this before September 30th. To cancel your Apple Music membership before the end of the trial period, tap the toggle next to "Automatic Renewal" in order to set it to Off (white). You'll be asked to confirm your choice; tap Turn Off to complete the process.
Again, you'll still be able to enjoy Apple Music until September 30, 2015, and after that date you'll lose access but won't be charged. Also just like in iTunes, you can return to this page in the future to re-subscribe to either the Individual or Family plans and pay on a month-to-month basis. If you ever want to cancel Apple Music again, just repeat the steps outlined here.
Get Apple Music Free While You Can
While Apple may change its policy in the future, it's important to note that there will be no free tier or shorter free trial of Apple Music going forward, unlike those offered by competitors like Spotify and Pandora. In order to use Apple Music after September 30, 2015 — at least as things stand now — you'll need to pay a minimum of $9.99 per month. Therefore, if you have any questions about the service, make sure you try it now while it's still free.
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Boston post-hardcore act Aviator are streaming a new song titled "High Hopes." You can give it a listen and find details on the US tour the band's kicking off tonight below.
Aviator's debut album Head In the Clouds, Hands in the Dirt was released in August of 2014 through No Sleep Records. This new track isn't slated to appear on any future release.
Tour Dates/Locations:
1/29: Philadelphia, PA – Creep Records*
1/30: Hyattsville, MD – Hostage House*
1/31: Harpers Ferry, WV – The Shack*
2/1: Roanoke, VA – Leftovers*
2/2: Greensboro, NC – New York Pizza*
2/3: Nashville, TN – Exponent Manor*
2/4: Berea, KY – Village Trough*
2/5: Bloomington, IN – Wash Out House*
2/6: Kalamazoo, MI – Louie's*
2/7: Milwaukee, WI – Borg Ward*
2/8: Champaign, IL – Thee Death Tower*
2/9: New Haven, IN – The Den
2/11: Lancaster, PA – Fulton St. Arts
2/12: Long Island, NY – Soul Sounds Records
2/13: Peabody, MA – Bridge Nine Records
* = w/ Our Lady
Add Aviator to My Radar


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Eggs, Eggs Everywhere {And Other Summer Happenings}
What a whirlwind this summer has been. I can't believe that it's September. The air is starting to cool and the leaves are leisurely turning an impressive palette of crimson, gold and burnt orange. This is always a favorite time of year for me, but I can't help but feel a little melancholy thinking that Old Man Winter will awaken soon and slap me in the face with what The Farmer's Almanac is predicting to be another cold, brutal winter.
Most of my "to-do list" remains uncrossed as free time eludes me between full-time work and tending to the littles. Even so, I wanted to do quick update about what's been happened this summer.
My garden boxes have actually produced some vegetables this year. From the start, I intended them to be a learning experience, so I was happy with anything they produced. We are still getting some peppers and tomatoes and harvested quite a few squash and cucumbers before powdery mold killed those boxes off. The tomatoe plants are falling over with fruit but none of it seems to want to ripen; I'm thinking that this has something to do with it being so shady. At this point, the large garden is still producing more than enough for all our households, so I've left the boxes to the goats and chickens. Next gardening season I think I will move the boxes to the larger garden plot since they are just to shaded at my house and with the animals roaming freely around the property I would need to invest in some fencing to protect it, which probably just isn't worth it.
The goats are doing well. Our plan to fence in our entire three-acre plot is still on the fence (ha, ha, right?). Once our budget permits we will tackle this improvement, which will most likely be in the spring. Until then, they are living in the temporary enclosure, which they don't seem to mind. Although it's heavily wooden and doesn't have pasture, the goats are allowed to free range most days and enjoy the fresh grasses and brush on our neighbor's property, who has graciously granted us access to his field. All five of this season's kids are growing, most coming in at 65+ pounds. We have decided to keep the doelings (Gwen, Ginger and Walnut) and have the two bucklings listed for sale as room necessitates that they find a new home.
And finally, the chickens! They are very happily free ranging all over the place, and after about five months, we are getting our first eggs. Only problem is the chickens are laying all over the place. We have found eggs in the brush pile, the goat barn and even in Cora's stroller. We have tried keeping them confined until mid-morning and putting golf balls in the nesting boxes to no avail. So, until further notice, we'll continue the daily egg hunt. I do have to say, frustration aside, my preschooler thinks it's a blast to hunt for eggs every morning.
As the seasons transition once again there is so much to do and look forward too. Hopefully, Old Man Winter will be kind and spare us a harsh winter. Until then, here's to fall!


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Arabtec shares suspended from trading on DFM ahead of Q4 results announcement
Shares in Arabtec Holding have been suspended pending the release of its fourth-quarter earnings statement.
A notice from the Dubai Financial Market this morning stated that "as its Board of Directors meeting is being held today", the construction firm's shares would not trade from 11.30am until results are disclosed. The meeting is being held in Abu Dhabi at the offices of the parent company of Aabar, which is the largest shareholder in Arabtec, with a 36 per cent stake.
EFG Hermes expects Arabtec's losses to narrow in the fourth quarter of 2016 compared to a year earlier, according to Reuters.
Arabtec reported a net loss of Dh404 million for the final three months of 2015.
The company's shares are up more than 11 per cent in 2017. Shares opened today at Dh1.46 and were trading at Dh1.45 when they were suspended.
Follow The National's Business section on Twitter


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Mini Disco Duck Crochet Dog Toy
Mini Disco Duck Crochet Dog Toy
Vendor: Lola & Penelope's
Type: Play
Tags: Eco-Friendly, Squeaky,
Product Details:
Party like it's 1972 with this darling little disco duck crochet toy featuring a small squeaker inside! Chewing on this tight knitted fabric will help soothe teething puppies gums or help fight plaque build up on older pups. Happiness comes in small packages!
Knit Knacks Crocheted Dog Toys are made from 100% organic cotton, and are hand crocheted, with a squeaker inside.
Available in one size: 3"H x 4"W


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Below you can see the picture gallery from Bullmastiff Dog Breed Information And Pictures Brindle 2
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