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Advances in Consumer Research Volume 20, 1993 Pages 444-448
Terry Bristol, Oklahoma State University
Edward F. Fern, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Consumer researchers often use qualitative techniques (e.g., focus groups) to examine consumer attitudes. Yet, our knowledge of the adequacy of these techniques is lacking. This paper examines several theoretical explanations of group phenomena and hypothesizes that group thought eliciting techniques cause attitude polarization. The attitudinal output from these qualitative methods may reflect group attitude formation processes rather than the individual's attitudes.
The use of qualitative research methods is prevalent in both basic and applied consumer research. For example, the use of focus groups for consumer research has been described as a small and growing industry (McQuarrie and McIntyre 1988). The total expenditure on focus group interviews in the U.S has been estimated to be $312 million (Goldman and McDonald 1987) and is growing. Nevertheless, group interviewing is not enthusiastically embraced by everyone. Clancy and Shulman (1991), the chairman and CEO of Yankelovich Clancy Shulman, claim that focus group interviews are neither serious nor helpful marketing research tools. Moveover, they question whether this qualitative technique is a wise basis for marketing decision making. According to Clancy and Shulman, focus group research is not as accurate or useful as survey research. Nevertheless, their survey of corporate CEO's revealed that 41.2% agreed with the statement "More often than not, the information produced by focus group research is as accurate and useful as the results of survey research at less than half the cost (Clancy and Shulman 1991)." The Clancy and Shulman position may be extreme. Nevertheless, we thought it was important to question whether focus groups, and more generally qualitative research methods provide accurate and useful information about consumers' attitudes.
Two assumptions have motivated this manuscript. First, consumer attitude research is important and is a frequent goal of group qualitative research techniques. Second, since attitude formation is an individual affective and cognitive activity, it is best theorized and studied at the individual respondent level. When the research interest is in group effects on individual attitude formation (e.g., household attitude formation) groups may be appropriate. Because of the inherent conflict between the above two assumptions, this paper will review theories that may explain the extent to which group influences affect individual attitude formation across four different qualitative research techniques.
Qualitative methods are defined in terms of the information gained from their useCsubjective, in-depth understandings of the consumer, and the nature or structure of the consumers' attitudes, feelings, and motivations (Calder 1977; Goldman and McDonald 1987). Qualitative research methods attempt to uncover what people think or how they feel, achieving greater depth and detail of responses, and resulting in close-up descriptions that better realize the subjective nature of the phenomenon studied (Bellenger, Bernhardt, and Goldstrucker 1976; Van Maanen, Dabbs, and Faulkner 1982).
Although, there has been some empirical research on qualitative methods (e.g., Bouchard and Hare 1970; Claxton, Ritchie, and Zaichkowsky 1980; Fern 1982b; Nelson and Frontczak 1988; Reynolds and Johnson 1978), there is a lack of research on what informational output is gained from these methods and how different types of qualitative techniques affect this output.
One type of output frequently sought from the various qualitative techniques is consumer's thoughts, e.g., attitudes, beliefs, opinions, and purchase intentions. For example, these techniques have been used to gain insights into the brand attitudes of women (Kanner 1990), attitudes towards packaging aesthetics (Shapiro 1990), and attitudes towards financial services (Trachtenberg 1987). However, none of the extant research has examined the adequacy of qualitative techniques for exploring attitudes.
There is reason to be concerned about the appropriateness of several of these qualitative techniques for attitude research. In discussing the future of qualitative marketing research, Calder (1977) warned about extending the use of this research approach to all constructs (e.g., attitudes, values, traits, roles, norms, etc.), without regard to their amenability to existing scientific methods. Axelrod (1975) specifically warned against the use of focus groups to determine consumers' preferences: "This kind of 'voting' for preferences is more often than not just an intellectual exercise (p.6)." Dietz (1975) represents the most extreme position on the appropriateness of focus groups for attitude research. Dietz claimed that focus groups are sold at inflated prices "because they are sold under the pretense of providing insight into consumer concepts, perceptions, opinions, and attitudes. It is a pretense that in many instances has deceived the research supplier more than the receiver (p. 6)."
To illustrate the nature of the problem, consider the following. One authority on focus groups cited a case where a respondent declared that he would not buy a prestige car because it was ostentatious. After one hour and thirty minutes of focus group discussion, the same respondent declared the he was fickle and that he would buy a prestige car and show it off to his friends. Presumably, this revelation provides insights into the respondent's "true" attitude about prestige cars. However, it may also indicate that people change their attitudes during group discussion. At best, professional judgment by the moderator is necessary to make these types of determinations.
In summary, our theoretical and empirical knowledge about qualitative techniques is lacking. As a first step in filling this void, we reviewed the group process literature to uncover theoretical explanations for differences in the effectiveness of qualitative techniques for measuring consumer attitudes. The implications of this review for the conduct of attitude research will be discussed. First, however, we will review the types of qualitative techniques used for examining and assessing consumer attitudes.
Qualitative Research Techniques
Consumer researchers have reported the use of four types of qualitative research techniques to investigate consumer attitudes: open-ended surveys, individual interviews, focus group interviews, and nominal group interviews. These techniques vary in the exact procedures and settings used to collect the information, and in their assumptions of the quality of the output gained.
Open-ended surveys (or self-administered questionnaires) provide respondents with written instructions and questions, yet do not provide structured responses. Researchers often use surveys to measure consumer attitudes. Surveys are easily and economically administered on a mass basis to a sample of individuals. Additionally, researchers often use unstructured, open-ended response formats to preclude constraining and/or biasing individual's responses (Schuman and Presser 1981).
Individual interviews involve relatively open-ended, but interviewer guided, discussions of specific topics. Interviews allow the researcher as interviewer to probe responses and redirect questions towards the respondent. Thus, individual interviews can be more adaptive and less structured than surveys. However, the former are costly when a large number of respondents are desired.
Like individual interviews, focus group interviews also involve a moderator guided open-ended discussion of specific topics. However, focus groups are interactive as the topics are simultaneously discussed by a small group of individuals. Researchers often use focus groups to gain insight into consumer attitudes because of the convenience in interviewing several respondents simultaneously, and because consumers are more likely to respond in a group interview setting (Fern 1982a). Thus, focus groups can provide data quicker and more economically than individual interviews (Stewart and Shamdasani 1990).
Nominal group techniques are highly structured group interviews that restrict spontaneous interaction (Claxton, Ritchie, and Zaichkowsky 1980; Stewart and Shamdasani 1990). Nominal groups differ from focus groups in the added structure to the interview. For example, participant's responses are often written and shared with the group on a cumulative basis rather than spontaneously and openly discussed as found in focus groups. Additionally, vocal evaluation of the output is prohibitedCthe moderator collects written evaluations by each individual. Like focus groups, the nominal group technique purportedly results in higher involvement and response rates compared to non-group techniques (Claxton, Ritchie, and Zaichkowsky 1980).
Thus, the users of each technique have assumed that they are valid and useful methods for examining consumer attitudes. Current theories in social psychology can clarify the presumed attitudinal output of each of these techniques.
Although the effects of using qualitative techniques on the quality of attitudinal output has not been empirically examined, some work has proceeded in social psychology that applies to this problem. Many studies have found that initial tendencies of individual group members intensify or sometimes change with group discussion (Kaplan 1987; Whitney and Smith 1983). Several theories have been suggested to explain this phenomenon, several of which apply to the use of qualitative techniques to measure consumer attitudes. Reviewed below are theories of social facilitation, social impact, social comparison, and persuasive-arguments.
Social Facilitation and Social Impact
Social facilitation is perhaps the simplest theory from which predictions can be posited about measuring attitudes across social and nonsocial settings. This theory suggests that the mere presence of others is a sufficient explanation of behavior in groups (Allport 1924). The presence of observers or coactors has been found to result in greater individual effort and performance (Markus 1978; Zajonc 1980). However, we are interested in the effect of others on individual attitudes. Ideas from self-awareness theory (Duval and Wicklund 1972) apply here. The presence of others leads individuals to focus attention on themselves and increases self-awareness and thought about one's own attitudes and feelings (Carver 1979). Increased self-awareness has been found to lead to polarized attitudes and evaluations (Ickes, Wicklund, and Ferris 1973; Scheier and Carver 1977). Attitude polarization refers to individuals adopting more extreme attitudinal positions than those previously heldCit is a shift or change in degree but not in direction (Allison and Messick 1987). Thus, the mere presence of others leads to increased self-awareness that increases thought about one's own attitudes, resulting in attitude polarization.
Focus group and nominal group interviews contain 5 to 12 participants, whose presence may lead to increased self-awareness and attitude polarization by each individual. The interviewer is present in an individual interview and thus, this technique also may lead to polarization. However, no other individual need be present for an individual to respond to an open-ended survey.
In summary, we expect individuals' attitudes to become more polarized when others are present during the thought eliciting procedure. Therefore, we expect that the interviewer-directed thought eliciting methods (i.e., focus groups, nominal groups, and individual interviews) will produce more polarized attitudes than using open-ended, self-administered questionnaires.
Any polarization in the individual's attitudes that is detected in the thought eliciting procedure should endure only while the individual is subject to the self-awareness and increased thinking about her or his position that results from the presence of others. When others are not present, individuals will fall back on their pre-existing attitude state. The polarized beliefs will not be salient or persist beyond the interview setting. The polarization of attitudes that is due to self-awareness has been found to dissipate over time (Ickes, Wicklund, and Ferris 1973). Therefore, we have concluded that any attitude polarization that results from the presence of others will be temporary and will not endure beyond the interview situation.
Social impact theory goes beyond the mere presence of others in its predictions. This theory predicts that the impact of others on individuals' beliefs, cognitions, values, and emotions is some power function of the number of other people present (LatanT and Nida 1980). LatanT and Nida (1980) provide evidence from the conformity literature in support of their notions. According to social impact theory the effects of social facilitation should increase with the presence of more individuals. Thus, the greater the number of other people present, the greater self-awareness and the more polarized the attitudes. LatanT and Nida would also predict that the status of group members would impact on attitude polarizationChigher status individuals would cause greater attitude shift than lower status individuals.
Alternate predictions of attitude polarization due to mere presence result from applying social impact theory. Attitude shifts should occur in the group techniques and these shifts should be greater than in individual interviews in which an interviewer is present with the respondent (i.e., a group of two). Moreover, any attitude shift in individual interviews should be greater than shifts in open-ended surveys and could be attributed to the mere presence of the interviewer. Again, attitude polarization due to the impact of the social situation should endure only as long as the individual remains in the presence of others.
In summary, individual attitude polarization should increase as the number of others present increases such that polarization in focus and nominal groups will be greater than that in individual interviews, which will be greater than that in surveys. Additionally, as the number of individuals within the each group increases the positive effect on attitude polarization should increase. Finally, the shift effect should be transitory. Attitude polarization resulting from the presence of others is temporary and it should not endure beyond the interview situation.
Normative Influence Through Social Comparison
Social comparison theory was originally formulated by Festinger (1954) to explain the effects of social communication on opinion change in groups. One derivation of the theory has been used to go beyond mere presence theories to explain the polarization of group member attitudes that result from group discussion. Simply, group members' desires to be favorably evaluated leads them to adopt an attitude that is more extreme than the group norm, to the extent that they are aware of this normative position (Goethals and Zanna 1979).
There are three necessary conditions for social comparisons to cause attitude polarization: (1) participants must desire to be favorably evaluated, (2) the setting must provide a standard of comparison, and (3) the setting must allow for the evaluations of others. Thus, in settings where others provide a standard of comparison, a desire to be favorably evaluated may motivate individuals to adopt/express more extreme attitudes (Allison and Messick 1987; Harkins and Szymanski 1987). The standard of comparison in group interviews is a normative position on an issue that is explicitly stated by the interviewer/researcher or implicitly derived from the statements provided by group members during the discussion. Additionally, to be evaluated (favorably or unfavorably), the individual's views must be expressed and identified to others (Harkins and Szymanski 1987).
The desire to be favorably evaluated by others is pervasive. This desire is a source of evaluation apprehensionCan individual's anticipation of positive or negative outcomes when around others serves as an incentive function (Cottrell 1972). Similarly, the impression management literature has assumed that a primary goal of self-presentation is the attainment of social approval (Arkin 1981). According to social impact theory, we might expect this desire for favorable evaluation to be greater when other group members are acquaintances rather than strangers (i.e., people they will never see again) and higher status individuals rather than lower status individuals.
Standards of comparison can be personal, objective, or social (Harkins and Szymanski 1987). It is this latter social standard that is produced in a setting in which others' views are shared. Individuals have been found to compare themselves with similar others in these settings (Zanna, Goethals, and Hill 1975). Both objective and social standards have been found to affect various types of responses (Harkins and Szymanski 1987).
Applied to the context at hand, the three necessary conditions for social comparisons to cause attitude polarization are only present when focus group interviews are used. Standards for comparison can develop in both focus groups and nominal groups, but are less likely to develop in individual interviews. In focus groups each individual's attitudes are expressed and can become the focal point of discussion during the group exchange. However, in nominal groups the attitudes of individuals may be elicited but no conscious effort is made to discuss or otherwise scrutinize individuals' contributions. Since the ideas expressed within nominal groups are not openly discussed, the individual participant is less likely to be apprehensive about being evaluated by the other group members. With less emphasis on the evaluation of others, standards of comparison are less likely to affect attitude formation and change in nominal groups. The result should be less shifting in attitudes compared to focus group interviews.
In individual interviews and open-ended surveys, other members are not available for evaluation, consequently no standard of comparison exists, assuming the interviewer or questionnaire does not offer cues to such a standard. Thus, attitudes expressed by participants in individual interviews and open-ended surveys should not polarize or shift from what the individual believed prior to the interview or questionnaire, compared to focus group interviews.
In summary, individual attitude polarization should increase under normative pressures. Polarization should be greater among focus group than nominal group participants. As previously noted, group attitude polarization should be more pronounced than polarization in individual interviews and open-ended surveys.
Any change in the individual's attitudes that is detected in the interview will endure only as long as normative pressures are acting on the individual. When the norms are no longer governing individuals' behaviors, they will fall back on their pre-existing attitude structures.
Informational Influence Through Persuasive Arguments
An alternate explanation of attitude polarization or change in groups is information influence or persuasive-arguments theory (Kaplan 1987; Vinokur and Burnstein 1974). This theory posits that the exchange of information in groups can lead members to consider facts that they had not previously considered when initially forming their attitudes (Allison and Messick 1987). This new information could not only lead to attitude polarization, but to attitude change or depolarization (Vinokur and Burnstein 1978). Weakly held attitudes may be more easily changed because the individual is more influenced given contradictory information provided by others. Evidence for both polarization and depolarization given group discussion has been reported (Vinokur and Burnstein 1978; Whitney and Smith 1983).
Information is shared in both focus groups and nominal groups but is not provided to respondents in individual interviews and open-ended surveys. In focus groups each individual contributes information about her or his feelings. This information is often the focal point of group discussion. Although not interactively discussed in the group, information about the attitude object is also expressed in nominal group interviews. The individual participant is the only source of information in individual interviews and open-ended surveys, assuming the interviewer or questionnaire produce no demand artifacts. Therefore, attitude polarization should be greater in group interviews because more beliefs, opinions, and feelings are shared and discussed among participants.
As opposed to the other theories presented, information influence should result in an enduring change in the individual's attitudes. Attitudes that change because of new or additional information should remain stable outside the interview setting. The new information or beliefs should be salient and persist beyond the interview.
To summarize, individual attitude change or polarization, resulting from shared information, will be greater for group interview techniques than individual interviews or open-ended surveys. Moreover, the attitude change or polarization resulting from information influence is relatively permanent and will endure beyond the interview situation.
The Table summarizes the relationships between the techniques and degree of attitude shift predicted by the theories. If attitudes are influenced by the group's or interviewer's presence, then the interview technique itself may unintentionally produce polarization. Similarly, if attitudes are influenced by group norms, or information shared in the group, then group qualitative methods for collecting attitudinal information may inadvertently polarize or change individual members' attitudes. Regardless, it is not known whether these attitude shifts are transitory or enduring. Individuals may express attitudes during a discussion that differ from their previous attitudes. After the discussion is completed, individuals may either revert to their original attitudes or permanently adopt the polarized attitudes. In either case, the output may result from group attitude formation processes rather than individual attitude processes. Consequently, managerial prescriptions and theoretical descriptions based on group attitude research procedures may be problematic. If the attitudes are transitory, prescriptions will be based on attitudes that no longer exist. If the new attitudes are enduring, the prescriptions will only apply to those experiencing comparable group phenomena.
Several theories were reviewed which may add to our understanding of the use of qualitative techniques. Other theories of group processes can be applied to this context. For example, coalition formation (Goldman and McDonald 1987) and social identity theory (Tajfel and Turner 1986; Mackie 1986) have been used to explain the polarization of attitudes within groups. However, these offer no further insight into the problem because predictions derived from these theories duplicate those posited above.
We hope that this paper will prompt empirical exploration of the efficacy of using qualitative techniques to examine consumer attitudes. While much has been written about qualitative research, most of what is known about these techniques is based on experiential reports by moderators and interviewers. This information may be useful but it tends to be idiosyncratic to the researcher and her or his firm. Therefore, empirical validation is necessary to discover whether the output from group qualitative techniques represents group attitude formation processes or individual attitudes. If no attitude shift is found, we can assume that the output represents individual attitudes and not the effects of group interaction. Additionally, we need to show empirically the utility of these qualitative techniques for exploring consumer attitudes.
Empirical testing of these notions will enable prescriptions about collecting attitude information without the unintended effects of group interaction. If we find that attitudes do not change or polarize in the group techniques, then prescriptions for choosing among techniques can be based on factors such as cost and convenience, rather than on quality of the output. Considering the frequency of use and the amount of money spent on qualitative research, the results of further empirical studies should be highly relevant to both academicians and practitioners.
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I am so happy to announce that I am now a regular contributor for Kitchen Daily Canada!
Kitchen Daily Canada features delicious culinary inspirations as well as expert tips and useful tools to make your meals that much more delectable. Much of the content comes from Canadian bloggers (such as myself), but also from an amazing menu of star chefs, including Cat Cora, Wolfgang Puck, Jessica Seinfeld and Curtis Stone (talk about being in great company)!
I am so excited to be part of this amazing team. I invite all of you to peruse Kitchen Daily Canada and discover a new favourite recipe, get inspired by unique dish and learn a trick or two to impress at your next get together. Not sure where to start? Here are a few of my favourite posts.
I'm dying to try this Homemade Maple Cinnamon Granola
20 healthy foods that are actually unhealthy (some of these surprised me!)
11 grilling secrets from Curtis Stone
The perfect summer lunch, a refreshing cucumber melon salad
A unique twist on your usual pesto, garlic scapes pesto
Learn the secrets to making the perfect cocktail
Discover 10 perfect pairings for cheese you'll love
Looking forward to trying these vanilla strawberry pancakes this weekend
10 perfect recipes from Curtis Stone

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Braces are braces . . . right? . . . Wrong!
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I am so happy with my mini veggie garden I never though it was going to work I even had Guido build another raised bed because the Zucchinis started expanding too much...is my first time growing them and boy can they grow and take over everything.
We moved them about a week ago and just now they are getting back into place. We also had to move the peppers and the eggplant.
We all love going out there and picking some veggies, watering the plants, cutting some death leaves and so forth. Las nenass love picking the tomatoes and having one of us cut some strawberries for them. Is something I will keep on doing is a great experience and also teaches the kids.
Yesterday we all went to the park actually was the first time I venture to the park and the supermarket with all the kids it was not that hard, I figure I have to start getting ready Guido and Zetu would be leaving soon. Las nenas enjoy themselves in the park, Amir was just under the shade.
Samia had great social skills school is the best, Gamila on the other hand you are a very moody gal, a lady was giving you a complement about how cute you were and the only face you gave her was your nalga face....I hope you change this summer because starting August you will be in school.
Saturday, May 29, 2010
Veggies Veggies
Posted by Mami at 10:16 PM
Labels: Amir, gamila, raised bed vegetable garden, samia
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Do! Judge A Book By Its Cover–Issue Forty-Eight: Graphic Novels (Part 2)
"Do! Judge A Book By Its Cover" is a regular feature on Pop! Goes The Reader in which I pay tribute to some of the best and brightest the publishing world has to offer in the way of book cover design. This feature is inspired by Katie's feature Cover Love on her blog One Page At A Time. The idea is being used with her gracious permission.
I think we're all familiar with the age-old adage "Don't judge a book by its cover". And you know what I have to say about that? Rubbish! Covers are an invaluable part of a book's package. A truly great cover can tell you a lot about the novel contained within its pages. Book covers can also catch your attention and attract you to a novel you might otherwise ignore. So go ahead, judge a book by its cover – We all do it!
I'll be the first to admit that my knowledge of graphic novels is negligible at best, but that never stops me from admiring their truly magnificent covers each and every time I find myself in the bookstore. There's something about the vibrancy of colour and movement that never fails to capture my attention, and I would love to have the opportunity to better familiarize myself with this category of literature. The problem is, I don't know where to start! Do you have a favourite graphic novel or one you think would act as the perfect introduction for someone new to and unfamiliar with the genre? Let me know in the comments – I would love to hear from you! Some of my favourite covers this week include Fish by Bianca Bagnarelli, Dockwood by Jon McNaught, Ms. Marvel by G. Willow Wilson, Adventure Time With Fionna & Cake by Natasha Allegri, The Motherless Oven by Rob Davis, Nimona by Noelle Stevenson, Through The Woods by Emily Carroll, White Rapids by Pascal Blanchet and Here by Richard McGuire.
Fish by Bianca Bagnarelli ● Alex + Ada by Jonathan Luna ● Dockwood by Jon McNaught
The Wicked + The Divine by Kieron Gillen ● Adventure Time With Fionna & Cake by Natasha Allegri ● Shoplifter by Michael Cho
Ms. Marvel by G. Willow Wilson ● Adventure Time With Fionna & Cake by Natasha Allegri ● Sex Criminals by Matt Fraction
Deadly Class by Rick Remender ● Angry Youth Comix by Johnny Ryan ● Amulet by Kazu Kibuishi
Explorer: The Hidden Doors by Kazu Kibuishi ● The Motherless Oven by Rob Davis ● Nimona by Noelle Stevenson
Captain Marvel by Kelly Sue DeConnick ● Lumberjanes by Noelle Stevenson ● Fairy Tale Comics by Chris Duffy
How Mirka Met a Meteorite by Barry Deutsch ● The Wicked + The Divine by Kieron Gillen ● Through The Woods by Emily Carroll
White Rapids by Pascal Blanchet ● Here by Richard McGuire ● Hansel and Gretel by Neil Gaiman
Now it's your turn! What are some of your favourite graphic novels covers? Did I list one of your favourites here or is there one I forgot that just has to be included? Let me know in the comments!
4 responses to "Do! Judge A Book By Its Cover–Issue Forty-Eight: Graphic Novels (Part 2)"
Your taste, as usual, is impeccable.
Frasier recently posted…Lion Heart (Scarlet #3) by A.C. Gaughen
Shelumiel recently posted…REVIEW: More Happy Than Not by Adam Silvera
Nice covers!!
Amalfi recently posted…Book Tag: Amor Literario
YES anything Adventure Time deserves to be on this list! I don't know why but I love their art – so simple and colorful and fun.
Lauren @ Bookmark Lit recently posted…Top Ten Tuesdays #40: Owned, Not Read (Freebie)


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Error: We apologize for the inconvenience, however IE 10 is just not able to handle some vital performance on We strongly recommend that you just upgrade to an online browser that is ready to present a greater and more secure online expertise. It can be planning a special part in the resort store with dog merchandise, similar to plush variations of the pets, and T-shirts with their pictures.
At other locations, such as the Hotel Palomar San Diego, the employee-owners convey in their canine at any time when they like.
In order to determine the Pet Policy for an individual lodge, please go to the Customer Assistance Center and enter the Hotel Name or City within the search discipline.
You are free to depart your pets alone in the room, however they will should be on a leash within the halls.
Each pet will enjoy a plush pet bed, water bowl, and treats, and you can relaxation easy during your stay, as the hotel offers an entire listing of recommended dog day care services, veterinary clinics, and grooming services.


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I know it was for me.
Not a lot needs to be said, but a three-run walk-off home run with two outs in the bottom of the ninth to start the season? Beautiful.
The Dodgers won a close one and I was there. It was an amazing game. I was dreading opening day for a while and I really wanted a win. That felt really good.
That's for me to enjoy, though. I'm gonna hold onto that one for a while. Here's a little something else.
Hong-Chih Kuo threw virtually nothing but fastballs up, walked the first batter on four pitches, and still owned.
Even if that PitchFX is off, his fastballs were all still in the upper half of the zone or just slightly above it.
He threw only five non-fastballs, all change-ups. Four of them went for balls, one was a foul-off.
I get the feeling Broxton gets demoted since his fastball is no longer an out-pitch, but that may change later in the season.


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From: Michael about Self, Dec 05 2016
An LDS Church Member
Is being a member of the LDS Church affect your career?
Yes, being raised in the LDS Church affected my career, and my personal life. I really love and appreciate my family because of the LDS focus on family togetherness. It also teaches The Golden Rule, "Treat others the way you'd like to be treated" and taught me how important it is to be kind. Everything I was taught while being raised in the LDS Church helped create the personality I have today. I like how that makes me a very unique artist and performer!


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Fill the form below to send us message
Mainee Steel Work's management team is a dedicated group of visionary, professional and passionate leaders who help strategies, formulate decision and provide leadership in an effective way to achieve company overall ambitions & success.
Manoj Kumar, GeneralManager-Finance & Accounts
A result oriented creative management professional having more than 23 years ofexperience with a strong work ethics, excellent interpersonal skills with theability to multi task in a fast pace environment, self motivated, able to seteffective priorities to achieve immediate and long term goals, ensure smoothwork flow and meet operational deadlines, with a keen understanding ofpriorities and a genuine team player, responsible for overall Groups profit andloss activities, promoting strategic initiatives to achieve long term roadmaps,govern daily functional issues and supervises group audits and budgetexecution.
He had worked with Greycells 18 Media Limited as Head Finance & Administration,Sanyog Pharmacy as Chief Financial Officer and IMS Noida as Finance Manager. Hehas done his Master of Business Administration-Finance from IGNOU and M.Comfrom HNB Garhwal University-Srinagar.
Dinesh Kumar, GeneralManager
Dinesh Kumar a business professional with fine strategic acumen, over sees the Marketing, financial and operational strategy of the group and has played a pivotal role in its growth. He brings fresh thoughts, unique insights, freedom of expression and a bucket full of passion to the organization. Under his guidance, the company is heading towards achieving business & operational excellence.
He has done his Mechanical Engineering from AMIE. Also done selling Skills course from NationalInstitute of Sales, Sparta. Prior to Mainee Steel Works Dinesh Kumar has beenassociated with Real Estate Developers in Gurgaon, Eicher Motors Ltd (Spare& Vehicle Sales), LML (Spare Distribution), ICIC Bank Ltd (C.V Finance) andTata Motors Finance Ltd(C.V Finance). Dinesh Kumar has vast experience for morethan 20 years in his field.
V.P.S.Mainee, CMD
V.P.S. Mainee a Law graduate with passion to achieve success and urge to growexceptionally. Started his career with a job in MNC and then leave his job tostart a venture in scaffolding with minimum capital. Achieve success inprojects by taking risk with his business acumen. After this the success neverstops and he became Managing Director of Mainee Group of Industries –multicrore scaffolding manufacturing, marketing and rental companies.
His quest for excellence and entrepreneurial acumen has kept the organizationon to a path of growth. Mainee Group under his leadership have attained abenchmark in quality, bulk production, timely deliveries, competitive rates andabove all innovations.
The success of VPS Mainee goes to prove that winning through hard work is whatobsession entrepreneurship all about for which he has been honored withBUSINESS SPHERE AWARD 2006, RASHTRIYA RATTAN AWARD 2007-08, BUSINESS SPHEREAWARDS 2010 & BUSINESS SPHERE AWARDS 2017.


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Barlow Moor Road Closed Again
After the recent excitement of the Barlow Moor Road Hole, we all thought that the council had solved the issue by replacing a large water pipe under the road.
Apparently not. The road was closed again yesterday ( Friday 15th May ) as the hole appeared to be back. Heavy rain may have helped to weaken the road for a second time in such a way that police had to close the road to all traffic yet again.
Although there was no hole on this occasion, a large dip in the road filled with rain water was enough to cause the authorities to take the decision that Barlow Moor Road wasn't fit for the heavy traffic it usually carries.


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Aircraft: Maule MX-7-180C. Injuries: None. Location: Bishop, Calif. Aircraft damage: Substantial.
What reportedly happened: The pilot stated that about 15 minutes before arriving at the airport, he checked the automated surface observation system (ASOS), which reported variable wind at three knots.
The radio communications on the airport common traffic advisory frequency indicated that runway 30 was in use, however, as the pilot entered the airport traffic pattern he noticed that pilots were also using runway 12.
He elected to make a three-point landing on runway 30. The airplane touched down and as the it decelerated it began to veer right. The pilot could not regain control and the Maule went off the runway.
Although the wind was reported to be variable at three knots before the accident, a few minutes after the accident the ASOS reported wind from 160° at 9 knots gusting to 14 knots.
Probable cause: The pilot's inadequate compensation for the variable wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control.
NTSB Identification: WPR13CA012
This October 2012 accident report is are provided by the National Transportation Safety Board. Published as an educational tool, it is intended to help pilots learn from the misfortunes of others.


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Every week I write about Grimm, there's usually an area or two where the episode could have improved. It's completely understandable, considering how much the show tries to do and it's only been "alive" for 12 episodes, but for every two steps forward Grimm would take, there'd always be one step back. Any forward creative progress is better than none, of course, and it's been fun watching this little-show-that-could find its way and figure out the delicate balance its striving for each week, but you had to wonder when you could say that Grimm had a great episode without any qualifications.
I think Grimm finally shut me up, as "Last Grimm Standing" was the show's first great episode. It's had a couple of very, very good ones ("Danse Macabre", "Organ Grinder"), but Grimm had yet to really put it all together like it did on Friday night. Part of that had to do with how interesting the case, involving an underground Hunger Games-meets-Fight Club Wesen fight club, was. A lot of the Grimm cases have been a little same-y and thus not very distinctive, but the Lowen Games capture just how good the show can get when it goes dark and strange. It brought a lot of personality and edge to the show that some of the more straightforward cases haven't been able to do and raised the stakes from what we've come to expect on Grimm. I mean, Nick and Monroe have taken out plenty of creatures before, but never has there been the threat of being rushed by an entire arena full of them, something that made the actual fighting scenes carry more weight and tension. That tension made the entire time in the warehouse absolutely pop off the screen, including the in-fight bonding that the two managed to get in.
We know that Nick and Monroe have been through a lot, but they each got a chance to "prove" how much they mean to one another by saving the other's life and it's about as sweet as an episode can get while wielding medieval weaponry.
Additionally, the case managed to deepen the show, as we got a major look at the Wesen world after only being exposed to it here and there previously. Grimm has slowly been letting us see the machinations of that world, having Nick's reputation spread through various Wesen communities, basing an entire episode on a rivalry between creatures, and taking us to various hotspots they frequent in Portland, and by doing it that way, the show has been getting us more acclimated to the realities of what Nick will be facing from here on out. While I think a case doesn't have to uncover something every single week, as Grimm is such a visceral show that an hour of scares and a creepy atmosphere can sometimes be enough, I appreciate the fact that the Lowen Games had more of a purpose.
Captain Renard's involvement in "Last Grimm Standing" may have been the ultimate highlight for me, though. Thus far in the show, Renard has had this air of mystery about him, with the show only bringing out new information relating to him very rarely. In Friday's episode, a lot was added to Renard's character that provides interesting wrinkles going forward. Nevermind his ability to speak Latin or prior ambition to become a doctor; how about the fact that he was the man responsible for deciding who got picked up for the Lowen Games? Or his friendship with the priest that took out Leo in the chilling final scene? Renard's been an enigma of a character from day one, a pokerface that you knew had to be hiding a sinister streak, even more sinister than chopping a man's ear off as punishment, and I'm glad that "Last Grimm Standing" lifted the veil on his personality and shady dealings. Now that we know how powerful and ruthless he can be, both in the human world and Wesen world, that'll change the dynamic of the police station scenes going forward. We may not know the full extent of what Renard can do (or has done), but his mere presence now means more than it did before.
Does he have any involvement with the criminal that week? Is he going to, perhaps, try to cover up a crime/mess up an investigation for an ally? How close can Nick get before Renard has to do something about it? You'll never not wonder what's going on with him and that has some serious dramatic possibility.
Juliette's role in "Last Grimm Standing", meanwhile, may not have amounted to a whole lot in the moment, but going forward, I think it'll have pretty sizable aftershocks. Her obvious dissatisfaction at Nick's long hours, coupled with her finding the ring from the pilot, will likely lead to some type of domestic unrest for at least an episode or two, so Nick may not be on his game in a future episode. He's been lucky to be such a quick learner and to have Monroe guiding him through everything, but this is with his home situation being fairly calm and a nice de-stresser. What happens when his relationship might not be as secure as he once thought? Putting on my Official TV Critic Tinfoil Hat, I have a hunch this will be what causes Juliette to enter the fold and become aware of Nick's other life. Ultimately, she'll provide him with an ultimatum (job or her, using the ring/engagement as incentive), considering her disappointment and the recent stalking/break-in, and fearing that he'll lose his "rock", Nick'll tell her that he's not just doing regular police work at night.
One could argue that the purpose of the Lowen Games (and "Last Grimm Standing") was to show just how far the Wesen world extends. A lot of the creatures we've met thus far have been loners, societal outcasts, or people that don't leave that much of a footprint, so showing that they've "infiltrated" the Department of Corrections (through Leo)/Portland PD (through Renard) makes the main characters feel a little less safe/secure. Nick and Monroe may be able to battle high school kids or isolated business owners, but can they handle having to fight government institutions? Just how high up in the food chain do the Wesen go? It may be a little strange to think about, but Grimm has taken on a hint of sociological perspective amid all the blood, gore, and disemboweled old guys just looking for their dogs. Aside from an intriguing real world metaphor, "Last Grimm Standing" was everything a Grimm episode should be, combining trace amounts of humor with an unusual case and forward movement in the show's mythology. It was funny, it was dark, and, yes, it was great.
Thoughts, Quotes, & Observations:
-"You know the great thing about getting married? I never have to make a decision."
-"Wow. I love you, I think."
-"That'd be some pretty big chickens."
-More bad ass quote: "They don't even know how to die." or "I need your wrath."?
-I tried to catch some of the Latin that Leo kept speaking, but I could only get one phrase. For those interested, "arma sumo vestri" that means "choose your weapons".
-There was a gloriously cool shot of a creature on horseback while Bryan was running in the woods, hidden in plain sight.
-Nick's wardrobe has been pretty enviable all season, but I own the brown shirt with white stripes he wore tonight.
-Here's an LA Times article talking about Grimm's surprise success and the current state of affairs on NBC.
-Next week on Grimm: Nick and Hank are on the hunt for rare coins following a jewelry store robbery. An old friend of Aunt Marie brings information about Nick's parents.


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Please Contact Us for further details including pricing.


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By Robin Jones Gunn
Are you critical? As commencement techniques, Katie Weldon is lovely convinced she's prepared for the notice 'engaged' to explain her courting with Rick. yet Eli turns out to regularly be correct there whilst she wishes help. Rick is every thing Katie's ever dreamed of, providing her balance and love. Eli, however, brings experience, spontaneity, and a wild love for God. Katie wonders if she's able to be severe with any man. probably God wishes her to significantly decide to Him first, no matter if her destiny is all deliberate out or as spontaneous as her impromptu existence has been thus far. something she is aware evidently: With God along her, the arriving sights are absolute to be a shock. Coming sights andnbsp;is the 3rd e-book within the Katie Weldon sequence.
Read or Download Coming Attractions PDF
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Sample text
Honest. I don't feel well. It was too cold and windy on upper campus, so I'm heading back to my room. " "That's not a problem. Are you back at the dorm yet? I'll meet you there. " Even though Katie knew better than to argue with Rick when he had his mind set on something, she switched her phone to the other ear and said, "I'm really not hungry. " "Listen, I can be there in fifteen minutes. Twenty at the most. Take some cold pills and drink some orange juice. I'll come up to Crown Hall and give you a call when I drive into the parking lot.
But it was a much better fit than botany had been. With humanities, she liked the variety of classes that connected with her interest in people, communication, and cultures. Yet Katie knew, if she were to be completely honest, she was more interested in actually graduating than in what degree she was graduating with. She wouldn't admit that to anyone, but her goal had been simply to finish college. What she majored in was only icing on the cake. If she could manage to keep on track for this last sprint to the finish line, then anything could happen.
I've never understood that about you. You blurt things out at the worst possible moments. You know you do that, right? Everything is going along great, and then you just blurt out something uncalled for and the whole thing is…" Rick kicked at the leg of the chair — not hard enough to topple it, but enough to make the chair wobble and to make Katie wobble emotionally. "I'm sorry. I just… I don't know. I thought…" "You thought I was going to propose. " Katie coughed again. She looked away and covered her mouth.


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God's Heart for the Poor/
This message was shared by Natalie Williams on May 27, 2018 at New Frontiers Church.
Natalie is the communications director at both Jubilee+ and King's Church in Hastings, UK. She has also co-authored several books, The Myth of the Undeserving Poor and A Church for the Poor.


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CRAIG RAY: Siya Kolisi is the born leader the Springboks need
'When I heard his speech at his wedding, I was blown away. It was the most uplifting speech, delivered without notes, coming straight from the heart'
For Kolisi and South Africa his appointment is a much broader statement that rugby's glacial progression to a truly multiracial sport in SA is gathering pace. The white-tipped polar icecaps of Bok rugby have melted.
Kolisi is only 26 but he has played 103 Super Rugby games and has been part of the Springbok squad since 2012. He has earned his spurs as a player and more recently as a leader.
"The Stormers captaincy has helped my rugby in a massive way. I'm not someone who gives Braveheart speeches. I'm all about my deeds," Kolisi said in a recent interview.
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Transitional Elegant Condo
This condo rehab had a design/contractor team that worked together to reinterpret a couples taste after twenty years. All the baths and kitchen were remodeled along with many other architectural details. They had an existing Waterford crystal chandelier and a dining room set in bleached wood . Adding glass as a texture in lamps and sconces integrated the existing chandelier without matching style. We painted the dining room set chocolate brown to give it some richness and contrast against the light marble flooring. Drapery columns softened the space without interfering with the view. The color scheme was inspired by the coppery tone of the lace wood wall unit in the media room along with the crème marble and brown and cream kitchen cabinets. The couples travels to Africa inspired some of the animal prints and the wool and silk rug added the elegance to this upscale comfortable Chicago condo.
22 Calendar Ave., La Grange, IL 60525 • Phone: (708) 354-5383 • Fax: (708) 354-5384
© 2019 Interiors By Mary Susan | Chicago Interior Design Firm
Serving the greater Chicaco area including: Hinsdale, Burr Ridge, Clarendon Hills, Western Springs, LaGrange, Oak Brook, Barrington,
South Barrington, North Barrington, Riverside, Oak Park & more. We also provide services nationwide & worldwide.


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PDF BookletSoumis par david_baines le lun, 09/17/2018 - 12:35pm
PDF Booklet opens a PDF file and creates a new one that can be printed as a booklet. It has many functions for manipulating the pages of a PDF file. PDF Booklet can scale the pages so that they can be printed on a different page size. You can adjust the margins, add blank pages and print multiple booklets in one run.


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Sparkling Citrus Large Candle
Item #: 460001E
5.25"dia. x 4"h
Sparkling Citrus Large Candle
Item #: 460001E
5.25"dia. x 4"h
In stock, ships UPS.
This clearance item cannot be cancelled, returned, exchanged, or refunded. Quantities are limited and items are subject to prior sale. No price adjustments on prior sales.
Product Details
Our premium triple-wick candle is a soy-paraffin blend richly infused with tangerine, citrus zest, green tea leaves, jasmine, and white woods. Presented in a clear glass vessel with a platinum-toned metallic band, beautifully packaged in an elegant black box; makes a gorgeous gift.
- 20 oz. soy-paraffin wax fill
- Clear glass vessel with platinum-toned metallic band
- Elegantly packaged in black EA signature box
- Minimum burn time: 40 hours
- Lead-free wick
Download the Ethan Allen Limited Warranty >


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Broad City's fourth season is still 7 months away, but you know what's good for your Abbi Jacobson and Ilana Glazer-inspired separation anxiety? Uh, no, not that. The A.V. Club is giving away a prize package sweeter than a magic brownie, courtesy of Comedy Central. The winner will score season 3 on DVD, the original series soundtrack on vinyl, and a $150 Visa gift card with which to stock up on Funyuns and other snacks for your third-season binge. The DVDs include all 10 season three episodes, uncensored, with more than 30 minutes of bonus features. Here's a quick refresher:
We're picking one grand prize winner, so email us at email@example.com with your name and address info by Wednesday, January 25. U.S. entrants only. Be sure to include "Broad City Season 3 giveaway" in the subject line. We'll notify winners by email after January 25.


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78th Fraser Highlanders celebrate St. Andrew's Day
Published: December 6, 2017
Photo: Cassandra Kerwin
The 78th Fraser Highlanders Pipes and Drums and local Celtic band Crépuscule celebrated St. Andrew's Day in style. The sound of bagpipes and drums made the ears ring with pleasure and filled the Champlain–St. Lawrence Amphitheatre the afternoon of Dec. 3.


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Back in May, on a party-line vote, Democrats on the California State Assembly Health Committee killed a bill that would have outlawed sex-selective abortions–abortions done because of the gender of the unborn child.
In introducing the Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act, Assemblywoman Shannon Grove (R-Bakersfield) claimed that women from such countries as China and India–where the practice, almost uniformly involving female fetuses, is outlawed–are coming to the U.S., particularly California, to obtain sex-selective abortions.
The committee's Democrats introduced a resolution to condemn the practice, but stopped short of making it illegal to abort a child because it is of an unwanted gender.
Unwilling to accept the Democrats' victory on the topic, San Francisco Supervisor David Chiu (D) introduced his own resolution this week to make San Francisco the first city in the U.S. to oppose any bans on sex-selective abortions. He claimed that such bans would cause discrimination against Asian-American women.
Without a vote on Tuesday, Sept. 16, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved Chiu's resolution, with Chiu reiterating his arguments that the bans are "anti-immigrant" and that they are "exploiting harmful stereotypes."
But apparently not all Asian-Americans concur with Chiu's conclusion.
As quoted in the San Francisco Chronicle by columnist Debra Saunders, Peter Kuo, a GOP candidate for state senate, said in a campaign letter:
"As a Taiwanese-American, I'm appalled by his attempt to characterize a very difficult, very polarizing debate in racial terms."
Kuo continued: "Crying racism every time someone doesn't like your agenda minimizes the voices of Asian-Americans and furthers the narrative that we are just another 'minority demographic' that is willing to take the bait when the race card is pulled.'"
As also quoted by Saunders, San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee said, "I've never had any education from Supervisor Chiu about what he's doing here." While emphasizing his pro-choice credentials, he also said to Saunders, "I don't understand what he's trying to solve."
On the other hand, Chiu has announced his candidacy for the California State Legislature, so that may go a long way to explaining why he decided to make a new issue out of what was essentially a dead one.
And if the Jesuit-run University of San Francisco–which claims to be rooted "in Jesuit values"–has its way, one of its students may be helping Chiu: the university is apparently encouraging students to apply for a position as a "Field Operations Intern" on Chiu's 2014 Assembly campaign.
Contacted by Breitbart News yesterday for comment, the University took the call but has not yet responded by either phone or email.
Image: Facebook


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Vegetarian Tofu
Just ate this. Five minutes ago. Can't stop. So good.
It's Monday and it's back to blog go-time! Today I'm being a vegetarian with this Honey Ginger Tofu and Veggie Stir Fry and HELLO WORLD it tastes really superyummy. All last week I was vacationing on the most beautiful beach (pictures? tomorrow? same time same place? see you there.), and now that it's Monday I have to be a real person again. Sad face. But being a real person does have some perks, and right now those perks include being in my own little snuggly kitchen again and eating things like honey, ginger, tofu, asparagus, carrots, and all the other veggie stir fry things without having to share and without any tofu mockery from my family.
Because let's be real – my family's favorite food does not equal tofu.
This dish is a vegetarian wonder. Your plate starts with a bed of fluffy grains, like white rice or brown rice or farro (adventure!) and then gets covered with some sauteed veggies and some golden brown tofu and an extra measure of that homemade honey ginger garlic sauce that I am still licking off my fingers. The combination of colors and textures and flavors is my favorite. Plus the healthiness. Plus the good leftovers. All of it. Favorite.
So tofu is one of those foods that makes me wince a little bit every time I hear it. Ahh, eeh, ugh! vegetarian food! weird and scary!
But brace yourself: I've really come to like tofu.
This has probably been coming for a while now. I've always preferred my takeout Pad Thai with veggies and tofu, and I occasionally order tofu at restaurants when soaked or fried in things like creamy, spicy, salty, wonderful sauces. Then I went and made a reeeeally yummo Sweet Chili Garlic Tofu recipe that's in my Everyday Healthy eCookbook and my eyes were re-opened to cooking with tofu MYSELF, in my very own kitchen, like a real vegetarian (which I am not but which I act like from time to time). These rural Minnesota tastebuds are spreading and flying, you guys. Even Bjork – and if that's not the most non-tofu-eating-person name ever – is on board with this honey ginger tofu and veggie stir fry biz-nas.
And if you're not tofu-brave, just use chicken instead. I will pretend that that would be just as good and we can still be friends on the outside.
A few final tips for your veggie stir fry: I'm really into this new trick that involves peeling my carrots instead of grating them. I don't mean just peeling the skin off, I mean peeling the skin off and then using the peeler to peel the carrots themselves into long curly strips almost like noodles. They are long and bendy and more fun to eat than the old box-grater variety.
And side note – do I need to buy a spiralizer in order to continue my life as a food blogger? Because I'm starting to wonder about those zoodles. Please advise.
Another tip: try using farro. I still don't know how to pronounce that (pharaoh? or farr-oh) but I do know that I used it as a nice comfy bed for my honey ginger tofu and veggie stir fry and it was a really good thing. Nutty, fluffy, filling, and delicious. Plus I think it's healthy or whatever you call it.
You might also like
Xiangxiangzui Spicy Tofu Snack Skewered Vegetarian, Beef Taste, 2.6 Ounce
Grocery (Xiangxiangzui)


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16 photos
$800,000 140 acres Cabot, AR 72023 - Lonoke County
Mt. Tabor Rd. Farm
Mount Tabor Road Farm 10 - 140+/- Acres Available - See map for approximate tract sizes and locations. Rare property ideally suited for residential subdivision. Located less than a mile from the city limits of Cabot this property is in the desirable Cabot School District, with the added bonus of being 30 minutes away from downtown Little Rock. This large acreage property features 60 acres of maintained pastureland and 120 acres of timberland for an approximate total of 180 acres with a generous 3/4 miles of recently repaved road frontage on Mount Tabor Road. The property is fenced and is currently used for cattle grazing which gives it great potential for equine enthusiasts or for those with other livestock. The timbered acreage of
Mark Knight Davis DuBose Knight Forestry & Real Estate


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Best Practices for hosting a large name concert or comedian
Familiarize yourself with how to plan events in the Major Performance Venues, campus policy and procedures, as well as the Guidebook for Student Organizations.
Work with CCI to select and reserve a Major Performance or Athletic Venue. When selecting a date, take into account the UM academic calendar, other events happening on campus and the surrounding community, as well as religious and US holidays.
Familiarize yourself with the expenses associated with hosting a concert and the estimate provided by CCI. Understand how the artist you select will influence the budget.
Know your organization's budget. Determine in advance what the financial goal of the show is (make money, break even, raise money for charity, etc.).
Create a timeline for event planning milestones. Start with the day of your event and plan backwards, setting deadlines for such things as fundraising, research, offer submission, show announcement, and ticket on-sale. Allow adequate time for all steps of the process. CCI staff is available to assist in timeline development.
In congruence with the timeline you may find it beneficial to create a marketing plan so that when the artist is confirmed you have a structure in place to begin marketing and selling tickets. Be intentional about announcing the show. Reserve diag boards, bus signs, and table tents through SORC based upon your show date and timeline.
Work with CCI staff to obtain a list of artists within your price range and available on the date you have reserved. It is nice to have a "wish list" of artists you would like to bring, but understand that just because you would like to host an artist on campus doesn't mean they are available or within your price range. It is wise to explore all options. There may be an artist available that your team hasn't thought of!
If fundraising, create standard sponsorship packages so contributors will know what they will receive for their contribution. Be sure to connect with the Business Engagement Center to avoid conflicts of interest. They can also help with making connections!
Complete research on available artists of interest. Research can include box office numbers and ticket revenue as well as artist reputation and promotability. CCI can help with this by obtaining Pollstar tour reports, providing forms and resources, and connecting with the Department of Public Safety & Security.
When selecting an artist, take into account the campus culture and climate. Conduct a survey or poll fellow students about what artists they want to see on campus. Exercise best practices by utilizing this Reflection tool for Major Artist Selection.
Recognize that your initial offer may not be accepted and create contingency plans. It is best practice to have a A, B, C, and even D plan. Research and vetting should be done on all of these artists so subsequent offers can be submitted quickly and without delay if the first offer is not accepted.
Work with CCI staff to submit offer(s). Only 1 offer can be submitted at a time. Allow adequate time to negotiate terms of the offer or submit secondary offers.
To maximize the opportunity for the event to be successful, student organizations should have a verbal agreement from an artist a minimum of 1 month prior to their concert date. Ideally, this would happen 1 ½ -2 months before the concert date.
Once an artist is confirmed, work with CCI staff to follow UM's contracting and purchasing guidelines. More information on contracting is available online in CCI's Guidebook for Student Organizations.
Remember that each show is unique and will have circumstances unique to that venue, artist, agent, etc. What worked in one instance may not work for the next.
Policies to be aware of
Student organizations must have adequate funds in their SOAS account to cover all concert expenses [artist fee, venue costs, production] prior to submitting an offer to an artist. The Manager for Student Services and Major Events will transfer the Student Organization's funds to an established show account managed by CCI. In accordance with the promoter agreement, concert expenses will be paid from this account by CCI.
Student Organizations must sign a promoter agreement for rental of the reserved space. This agreement also outlines the responsibilities of both parties.
Official offers to an artist can only be made by the Manager for Student Services and Major Events. These offers will be presented on University letterhead. UM students cannot extend offers to major performance artists.
Student Organizations must have acceptance of the offer in writing prior to putting tickets on sale. Best Practices would include having a fully executed contract prior to putting tickets on sale.
Tickets must be sold through the Michigan Union Ticket Office [MUTO].
All major artist agreements will be signed in accordance with the SPG Signatory Authority amendment.
Revenue from ticket sales will be deposited into the show account. Settlement will occur according to CCI's standard operating procedure, as outlined in the promoter agreement.
In order to ensure a successful event, the Center for Campus Involvement recommends the following timeline:
8 - 10 months out
Meet with with CCI staff to discuss the process for hosting a concert or comedian on campus
Work with CCI to select and reserve a Major Performance or Athletic Venue/date
Obtain a good faith estimate from CCI for hosting such an event.
Create an event planning timeline
Develop Marketing plan [reserve bus signs, diag boards, and table tents]
Reserve vehicles and/or hotel rooms for hospitality
6 - 8 months out
Fundraise and confirm funding
4 - 6 months out
Finalize talent and production budget
Connect with Booking Agents or Middle Agent for artist pricing and availability
Artist research, conduct polling and sampling of campus
Engage in the Major Artist Selection Reflection process with CCI staff
Obtain riders from artists of serious interest
Create artist contingency plan
3 - 4 months out
Work with CCI to submit offer(s)
3 months out
Have an offer accepted by an artist
Negotiate and sign the contract in accordance with University Policy
Sign venue promoter agreement with CCI
2 - 3 months out
Bid production and other necessary services
Obtain press kit and develop marketing materials
Obtain Insurance [if necessary]
Set-up ticket sales
1 ½ - 2 months out
Advertise and live into marketing plan
Tickets go on sale
Event Information form due for Major Performance Venues
Recruit volunteer ushers
1 - 1 ½ months out
Advertise & sell tickets
Finalize vehicle & hotel rental arrangements
Reserve parking meter bags, parking permits, etc.
1 - 2 weeks out
Advance the show
Make meal arrangements
3 - 5 - days out
Obtain hospitality rider items
Dressing room signs
Create Day of Show Schedule


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13 November 2017, Abu Dhabi, UAE
13 November 2017, Abu Dhabi, UAE: The Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) of Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) has issued a consultation paper inviting public feedback on its proposal to introduce a new Remote Membership framework as well as various other amendments to enhance ADGM's capital market regime.
By enabling brokers located outside of the ADGM to access exchanges and clearing houses located within ADGM, the Remote Membership framework aids to expand the pool of international investor participation, facilitates cross-border flows and increases liquidity for ADGM's capital market. The proposed new framework will extend the reach of ADGM-based exchanges by allowing international investors to trade and settle their trades with greater convenience and choice. With the introduction of remote trading members, foreign investors can also be served by the trading professionals with access to the Abu Dhabi and regional markets.
Other key proposals of the consultation paper include:
This proposed revision is part of the FSRA's commitment and ongoing efforts to maintain an internationally-recognised, transparent and robust capital markets regime. For more details of the Consultation Paper, please click here.
The FSRA invites the public and industry participants to submit their comments to "Consultation Paper No. 5 of 2017" by 2 January 2018 to:
Mail :
Consultation Paper No. 5 of 2017
Abu Dhabi Global Market ADGM Square, Al Maryah Island
PO Box 111999, Abu Dhabi, UAE
email: email@example.com


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Billed as the "Vodka for Men," Luksusowa is the perfect accoutrement for a trip to the sports bar, a barbecue, or a video game tournament. With a bottle of Luksusowa Potato Vodka in your hand, you can create a new version of your favorite cocktails or put together a concoction that's new and surprising. If you want to add a Polish edge to your drinking, opt for the Polish pickleback. Instead of pickle juice, beetroot juice becomes your chaser. If that's not for you, throw it in a Bloody Mary or a vodka martini for a Sunday-morning eye opener or a Saturday evening nightcap. Whichever is you choose, be sure to first buy Luksusowa Vodka online at a great price on Drizly and have it delivered directly to your door or pick it up in store.


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EDINBURGH, United Kingdom (for now) – Anyone claiming to know how the Scottish independence bid ends is telling you a big, fat lie. Sir Jeremy Heywood, who is the most senior bureaucrat in the British government, admitted there are no plans for separation in the event that Scotland votes 'Yes' next Thursday.
Truly, as can be said of the past few decades with regards to Scotland, the Westminster political establishment is to blame for the failure of the 'Better Together' or 'No Thanks' campaign.
Firstly, who leaves such an important campaign down to the Labour Party? I mean, perhaps the Labour Party of Peter Mandelson and Alistair Campbell. But Alistair Darling and Douglas Alexander? With Gordon Brown (the Prime Minister who never won an election) as the cavalry? I have begun to wonder if they pulled this straight from The Onion or the Daily Mash satire sites.
On the ground here in Edinburgh, the streets are brimming with clearly unemployed, 'Yes' activists, most of whom have told us that the reason they want an independent Scotland is because they want to live in a different way to the rest of the UK (read: hardcore socialism safe in the knowledge that the English or the Europeans will bail them out of their self-inflicted debt and bankruptcy in a decade).
As Westminster reels from the fact that we could lose the union, many people ask how we go to this point. The answer is quite simple. More simple than what we do after the vote, anyway.
Devolution was both a brilliant and a terrible idea. Giving Scotland its own Parliament, and localised powers, seems like quite a good, small-c conservative idea. Localism and all that, right?
The problem is that it was only – and always – ever going to be led by socialists in the form of the Labour Party, or national socialists in the form of Alex Salmond's Scottish National Party.
And I know what American readers are thinking. "States' rights" and all that, right? Well no, not really. As Lincoln noted the unity of the country must come before the demands of the bullies over the border. And either way, our union doesn't have the breadth and diversity afford to the United States by geography and population size to absorb the vagaries and caprice of state by state governance.
As we know, lefties are wont to promising the world in exchange for your vote – and they continue to do it today. Which is why Labour's Better Together campaign isn't resonating as much as Salmond's campaign once he turned up the volume.
People are sceptical of Labour. They're big promisers and poor deliverers. At least with Salmond, they reckon, he's not been given a chance. Yes voters with this mindset don't know how difficult it might be to reunite the countries after a separation, if it all goes tits up. No one does. That's why this is all so dangerous.
The fact that Britain's civil service hasn't made plans for our nuclear facilities in Faslane, Scotland's debt, North Sea Oil, securing the border, and importantly, the General Election next year proves that we have feckless leaders who simply don't think things through.
David Cameron, the Prime Minister, is also supposed to be the leader of the Conservative (and Unionist) Party. Throughout his tenure as PM we have learned that not only is he not a conservative, but he, having handed this referendum to Salmond, has also undermined the unionist cause. Whether Scotland votes Yes or No, Cameron should be turfed out by his party.
And despite the optimism of the few No campaigners we meet on the streets in Scotland's capital, even if the country votes No it is unlikely to be by a solid enough margin so as not to prompt yet another bid in five years' time. If Scotland votes No, there will be further devolution of powers, further alienation from Westminster, further entrenchment of the Scottish Nationalists, and further growth of Salmond's cause.
However the vote goes, I suspect that within a decade there will be mass outcry to reverse it. If Yes, Scotland will almost certainly bankrupt herself. If No, they'll be at it again in no time. So what's the solution? I haven't a clue. I'm not the one paid to figure it out. And as I've already said: those who are have simply not bothered.


text: sdesember Posted October 15, 2009 This was given to me as a gift during one of my trips to Munich. The person knew that I collected medals and told me that the medal was a gift from his friend and since it was just laying around collecting dust at his home, he thought that he would just give it to someone who would appreciate it more. The gentleman was of a Spanish descent from the Canary Island. I tried to ask him on how the medal came into his possession, but he didn't elaborate much more other than that it was a gift from his friend. The medal was awarded to those who took part in fending off a failed attempted coup to overthrow the Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo Molina (1891-1961), also famously known as "El Jefe", in the June 1959 landing by a group of militants from the Dominican Liberation Movement, who were dressed in Dominican Air Force uniforms1 and landed at the Constanza Airport. The obverse of the medal is inscribed with five stars (signifying Trujillo's rank?) and the words "Constanza Heroismo y Lealtad" which translates to Constanza (the airport's name) heroism and loyalty. The reverse of the medal bears the Dominican Republic's coat of arms which carries the national's slogan of "Dios, Patria & Libertad" (God, Country & Liberty) with the name of the country "Republica Dominicana" at the foot of the arms. Further down, there is a repetition of the inscription of the country's name, "Republica Dominicana " "1959 Era de Trujillo" (during Trujillo's regime, the period was also known as The Era of Trujillo, hence the inscription - "Era de Trujillo"). 1medal-medaile.com Obverse Reverse Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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IT Courses
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- The CompTIA Network+ 2009 Certification - Study IT Online
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IT courses are an effective way of putting you ahead in the job hunt, but finding the right one can be tricky, Johnny E. Smith has some good advice on finding the best IT courses for you.
Some of the examining bodies and qualifications providers may give you some CV advice and asses what course is best for you. Take a look at the various IT course providers online and try and establish their creditability and exactly what they can offer you.
Gaining an IT qualification can help you to gain a competitive edge over other IT job seekers. It will also improve your job prospects and overall career potential. You will be able to pursue career paths that were never available to you and even try your hand at new fields.
You are also more likely to earn more in the long run and get to where you want to be in the IT job industry as quick as possible. There are a huge range of IT courses available and it can sometimes be hard to know which ones to choose. You might want to ask for some advice from IT recruiters because they will be able to tell you what employers are looking for. It is also beneficial to build a good relationship with IT recruitment consultants because it will improve your chances of being recommended to an employer.
Below is a list of some formal qualifications that you can do online through IT course providers. This is just a small selection of what is available and it is recommended that you research other courses as well as these. Before you look at the list of IT courses it might be useful to think about which area of IT you want to specialise in. For example, are you more interested in working in a support role or a creative role? Other options include programming, networking, database administration and website design.
Here is a short list of some initial courses to check out:
-Digital literacy certificate
-The European Computer Driving Licence.
-MCSE Training and Certification
-Certified Internet Webmaster.
-Microsoft Certified IT Professional.
You may want to check out some IT industry websites in order to determine which courses are accepted by employers. You do not want to put a lot of time and effort into studying a course that will not enable you to get the job that you want.
There are some great IT developer Jobs available online and you can view them by searching for Jobs in IT
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Johnny_E_Smith
For more information in IT courses and to find one that suits you, take a look at Study IT Online for a great variety in online IT courses.
Date Posted: 2010-09-17
Posted By: Study IT Online
Listed under these Business Listing Categories: Education & training, IT Services & Products,
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- CompTIA Certification - Study IT Online
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Of course, there are influences from Rock, (Swedish) death metal, hardcore and some modern influences, but See My Solution understands how to write parts that matters. If it's the riffs that are well chosen, or the cool sounding (clean) parts like ' Newborn Witness' or ' Silence for All' , everything fits pretty well together.
Other pro; they don't use that obligated breakdown formula. It's more like Unearth; interesting yet heavy songs without walking the same recipe over and over again.
I also hear this band still has to grow and I hope they take the time for it to crystallize a little bit more their own sound, cause songs like ' Healing' , ' The inside Story' and the –with remarkable lyrics contending- ' The essence' are promising.
© Rockezine.com Oct 26, 2007, viewed 2485 times since 666


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Forecast Highlights:
As noted earlier this afternoon, a drier scenario than expected set up for today as the cold front moved through faster than expected and thunderstorms failed to develop north of the Mid Atlantic. Additional isolated or scattered showers are expected on Friday into Sunday as the frontal boundary stalls nearby and slowly dissipates. By next week, however, strong ridging is expected to build into the region, resulting in another heat wave with more heat and humidity than last week, with temperatures possibly approaching the upper 90s.


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This tour is currently not available
Location: Oymyakonsky region
Period: June – August
Number of group: 2 – 5 PAX
Arrival to Yakutsk. Accommodation in hotel Lena(DBL). Prepare for the trip. Night in Yakutsk.
Program in Yakutsk:
city tour with the ESG(English speaking guide)
Permafrost Institute
Mammoth museum.DAY 2
Departure from Yakutsk by Russian 4WD car up to lake "KHOROTO", Oymyakonsky region. The total length of the auto road is 860 km, time on the road 18-20 hours. Night in Khandyga.(Either hotel or tent possible) Automotive rout goes along the Central part of Yakutia and further to the north. The road will include two ferry crossings across the Lena and Aldan rivers.DAY 3
The second part of the auto route(the part after crossing the Aldan river, from Khandyga) goes along the famous Kolyma "The road of Bones" road. This road was built by the prisoners of GULAG during the Stalin period of 1930-1953s. The road goes over the Verkhoyansk ridges. There are carved bridges, barracks, and other remaining constructions of concentration camps.
Magnificent landscapes, great mountains, fast rivers, and vast reindeer pastures, are all there for tourists to see during the journey. In the evening a meeting on the bridge near lake "Khoroto". Accommodation in tents. Instructing under the safety precautions, preparation for the main route.DAY 4
In the morning the trekking up to place "Sordonnoh (distance 36 km, time in a way of 8-9 hours). All the luggage to be transported on horse backs. Two spare horses for crossing the rivers. Arrival on place. Accommodation in tents. The district Sordonnoh is a camping site of reindeer breeders, on the bank lake. In lake to be found the pike, in the river East-Siberian grayling. Tourist can try his luck on sports fishing.DAY 5
In the morning trekking up to district Alta Chuckuy (distance 42 km, time in a way of 10-11 hours). Late at night arrival on district. District Alta Chuckuy is also base camp of reindeer breeders. At the spot 2 wooden houses with two-rooms each, winter house, 2 warehouses of a-barn for storage of food and goods, a Russian banya. If the weather is good accommodation in tents, if rainy than in the house. In the house there is an oven, in rainy weather there is an opportunity to dry up clothes.DAY 6
A Day of rest. Visiting of the waterfalls Malli (distance 6 km, time in a way 1 hour). Depending on the weather and luck, there is a chance to observe from here the snow rams "CHUBUKU". There is a good opportunity for organizing a photohunting, sports fishing on East-Siberian grayling at a request of a group. In the evening a Russian banya.
|Preparation for the pedestrian trekking and ascending the glacier "PALATKA"(translated in English "Tent"). Instructing under the safety precautions, rest.DAY 8
In the morning the trekking along a small river Munil towards a glacier with visiting waterfall Munil up to a place where the "assaulting base camp" is set, distance 12-15 km, time in a way 7-8 hours. The camp is set in a zone of mountainous tundra zone, where no trees grow. All temporary used things are transferred by tourist themselves in backpacks/rucksacks. Spending the night in tents.DAY 9
Ascending up to the passage where a glacier begins(distance 5-6 km, time in a way(rise) 4-5 hours). The altitude 2350 meters. Lunch, a photo and a video shooting right at the spot with the glaciers as a background. The ascending on very top of a glacier is not provided. At a request of a group further ascending towards the top can be available from the eastern direction, where one can observe a great panorama with several glaciers around. The altitude 2600 meters, time of rise, from a spot of an altitude 2350 meters, 2 – 2,5 hours. Return to the "assaulting base camp". Night in tents at the camp.DAY 10
Returning to the district Munil.DAY 11
Preparation day for rafting. Instructing under the safety precautions. Assembly of a catamaran, photohunting for the snow ram, sports fishing, etc. at a request of group. Rest.
Cost includes: 3-times meals, double accommodation in hotel "Lena", all transfers according to program, full ESG –supporting, all excursions according program.
Cost excludes: alcoholic drinks, any costs incurred due to bad weather.