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Richard Rose Sixth
Form specialises in both A Level and BTEC Nationals Qualifications. Students
can choose to study these separately or as part of a combined programme.
At RRSF our
students are at the heart of everything we do. We have a unique approach to
supporting our students as they work towards fulfilling their potential in
Years 12 and 13. This approach is possible because of our size. Every student
who joins our Sixth Form is recognised as an individual and because of our
approach, we can build personal timetables and programme of study which enable
our students to get to where they want to be.
There are many
opportunities for students to become involved in activities outside the
classroom include the National Citizen's Service (NCS), sport, the School
Council, working with local primary school children, and supporting
extra-curricular activities for younger students.
Sixth Form classes
are generally smaller in number than main school classes (ranging from 5 to 25
students). Students study three A Level or equivalent qualifications over
the two years. Those students taking the vocational route study the BTEC
Throughout Years 12
and 13 students meet regularly with their tutor to receive mentoring and
support, including guidance with career choices, UCAS applications, personal,
social and health issues, as well as support with enrichment activities.
Key Stage 5
A level:
Mathematics, Further Maths, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, English Literature
& Language, Art, Art Textiles, Photography, Geography, History, Music, Psychology
and Law.
Applied Science, Business
Studies, Dance, Health & Social Care, ICT and Sport
Our 16 to 19 study programme is designed to provide students with a structured and challenging individualised learning programme that supports their development and progression in line with their future career plans.
Our study programme:
In Year 12, pupils study a selection of poetry by Carol Ann Duffy in order to prepare for an examination which will test them on the subject of 'Poetic Voices'. Similarly, they read and analyse 'The Lovely Bones' before undertaking a task entitled 'Imagined Worlds'. They also study a range of texts related to the French capital city, Paris, which enables them to complete an examination question about 'Remembered Places'.
In Year 13, pupils complete a re-creative writing piece on 'The Great Gatsby' or 'The Kite Runner' as well as an analysis question on 'A Streetcar Named Desire'. The non-examination assessment requires them to undertake a personal investigation that explores a specific technique or theme in both literary and non-literary discourse.
Students who follow the AS course study a pure maths unit and an applied maths unit. The pure maths covers a range of topics including; Proof, Algebra and functions, Coordinate geometry in the (x, y) plane, Sequences and series, Trigonometry, Exponentials and logarithms, Differentiation, Integration and vectors. While the applied unit is a mix of statistics covering topics such as; Statistical sampling, Data presentation and interpretation, Probability, Statistical distributions, Statistical hypothesis testing and mechanics covering topics such as; Quantities and units in mechanics, Kinematics and Forces and Newton's laws.
Students who follow the A level course learn all of the above with an extra topic in pure maths of Numerical methods and an extra topic in mechanics of moments.
The As course consists of 2 exams, pure maths and applied maths while the A level students will take 3 exams, 2 pure maths exams and one applied.
Within KS5, pupils in Chemistry, Biology and Physics complete the AQA curriculum. All courses are taught by subject specialists and are delivered in 4/5 lessons per week, depending on class size. In years 12 and 13 there are 12 required practicals to cover in lessons, each of which assesses different skills. At the end of the 2 years, pupils will complete a linear exam and be awarded with a pass or fail for their required practical content.
BTEC Applied Science
In Applied science, pupils will complete two units per year throughout year 12 and 13. The content will be based on all three-science specialisms. The units will contain aspects of internal assessment, as well as an external exam.
Geography Curriculum KS5
Geography at KS5 focuses on looking at the world through a different perspective looking at both human and physical topics. Pupils are expected to explore and evaluate contemporary geographical questions on a wide range of topics.
In Year 12, pupils are expected to learn about natural hazards, glacial regions, globalisation and rebranding places.
In Year 13 the topics covered are water insecurity, energy security, superpowers and global development concerns. Throughout the course students are given the opportunity to examine these topics in person on multiple fieldtrips across the two years.
History Curriculum KS5
In year 12 pupils study democracy and dictatorship in Germany 1919-1963. Here they are assessed in two exams, which focus on essay writing, source analysis and interpretations. Pupils are expected to use their own knowledge alongside historical sources to write factual essays on the key topics.
In year 13 pupils study the American Dream and The Tudors. Pupils are assessed in two exams and one piece of written coursework. During lessons pupils develop their ability to interpret sources to help explain the causes and impact of key historical events.
In year 12 pupils undertake lessons designed to increase their knowledge of the main aspects of IT and how it is used in different sectors of industry. This is designed to give them a broad knowledge of the impact of IT and what factors affect choice when implementing new systems. Case studies will be used while improving exam questioning technique for a written exam in the summer of year 12. There are a number of practical based units relating to databases, websites and social media.
Business KS5
Over the two years of study, pupils develop their understanding of various business concepts. These include personal and business Finances, Exploring business, developing a marketing campaign and investing customer service. These are assessed by a combination of a written exam, time controlled assessment and assignments.
Pupils in Year 12 study the new BTEC specification, completing a two-year, level 3 national foundation diploma in sport. Students are assessed over eight individual units, with two of these units being externally assessed and the remaining six units being coursework based. Students will cover topics such as anatomy and physiology, fitness training, sports coaching and practical sports performance.
Year 13 complete a level 3 subsidiary diploma in Sport, with all elements of this course being assignment based. These students are currently producing coursework for units on assessing risk, sports coaching as well as completing a work based placement.
In A level psychology, pupils study human behaviour, including why people do the things they do and what happens when things go wrong. Pupils have the opportunity to engage with issues and debates within contemporary society.
The course in linear with exams at the end of Year 13, however some pupils do undertake exams in Year 12. In total there are 3 exams, Component 1, 2 and 3. Each one is equally weighted, requires extended writing and looks at a different element of psychology.
The A Level Law course is run through AQA. From September 2017 the course becomes linear with pupils taking three externally assessed exams at the end of year 13. The course consists of the Core Content and Optional Content. The Core Content has three compulsory components. Component 1 involves studying the Nature of Law and the English Legal System. In Component 2 pupils will study Criminal Law which will include non-fatal offences, murder, manslaughter, theft, robbery and attempts. Component 3 involves exploring Civil Law with topics such as tort of negligence, vicarious liability and occupiers' lability. The Optional Content will involve learning about Human Rights or Contract Law.
Art Curriculum Key Stage 5
The A Level Art, Textiles and Photography courses are run through AQA. Pupils are given a broad design brief so they can explore a range of techniques in order to gain the skills and levels they require to achieve the required standard. The courses are now linear with an exam at the end of year 13. The course is made up of two components. Component 1 is coursework project work worth 60% of the overall mark, whilst Component 2 is an externally set assignment culminating in a 15 hour practical exam, with a 10 hour mock exam in year 12. There is a written element to the course which is compulsory and linked to pupils' practical work.
Dance Curriculum Key Stage 5
The Level 3 BTEC course develops the student's technical and expressive skills and prepares them for further study at degree level. Pupils study well known dance practitioners as well as learning repertoire and performing it. They will also develop their written portfolio as well as developing their own performance pieces under controlled conditions
Music Curriculum Key Stage 5
Year 13 pupils are currently completing their BTEC Level 3 subsidiary diploma in music. The course is practical, based on developing and refining performance and composition skills. Pupils are encouraged to develop as independent performers and to be able to reflect on their own practice. They gain experience in organising performances and in some of the technical aspects.
Year 12 pupils are studying the Extended Certificate which is made up of two units in year 12 and two in year 13. There are a number of core subject areas including life stages and development of the human body, employment within the Health and Social Care sector, and the different support needs that are required for different service users. Learning is through a combination of group work, individual study, presentations involving theoretical and practical study. There will be guest speakers to help deliver and complement aspects of the course.
The current cohort of year 13 are completing their OCR A Level in Health and Social Care. This includes 4 units of coursework and two external exams over years 12 and 13.
Would you like to know more about Central Academy? Let us know below.
Based in the heart of the beautiful border city of Carlisle on the edge of the Lake District we provide high quality education to 11-18 year olds from across the City.
The high expectations we place on students and staff, supported by one of the best learning environments in the County, has already had a significant impact in terms of improving results. As we move towards becoming Outstanding we will accept nothing but the very best from the members of the Central community and make no apologies for the demands we place on students in terms of their behavior and commitment.
If you would like a paper copy of any of the information displayed on this website, please contact the Academy.
Richard Rose Central Academy
Victoria Place
United Kingdom
01228 822060
For General Equiries, please speak to Linda Farish
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25th Sep 2016
What's In A Name?
By Andy Jarvis
Problem playing the audio? Try this link instead.
December 25th isn't Christmas, Pentecost wasn't the disciples speaking in different languages after having flames land on them, and Andy and Helen don't own a Hoover!
Have a listen to today's short message to find out if this actually makes any sense.

subset: commoncrawl


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Part of the Victoria range
Capturing traditional Victorian grandeur, the Victoria stand alone basin with console legs is a stunning design which sits at the focal point of your bathroom suite.
- Traditional design
- White finish
- 3 tap holes
- Width 605mm, Length 862mm, Height 307mm
- Easy to install
* Images are for illustration purposes only. If you have a question about our products please call 0121 753 0700 before ordering. *
For delivery charges on this product, please visit the Delivery information page click here.
If you would like more info on how we operate, our returns policy or any other legal information, please visit the Terms & Conditions page by clicking here.


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Map of bike paths / walking paths in the Eagan area
Recreational trails for walking, running and cycling in Eagan, Minnesota
Eagan is located to the south of Minneapolis. The city is located to the east of Bloomington and the Mississippi River and just south of Mendota Heights.
Eagan has a large network of recreational trails that follow alongside the major roadways. There are also recreational trails within the many local parks and residential neighborhoods.
Lebanon Hills Regional Park
Lebanon Hills Regional Park is located to the south of Cliff Road on the south side of Eagan. The park has miles of unpaved hiking paths that wander through the woodlands and wetlands in the park.
Following are links to off-site resources to find out more details about the recreational trails in Eagan, Minnesota.


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Turnip and Pac choi Sweet Soup
Ingredients (serves 3)
3 turnips
1 pac choi
1/2 onion
kobu 10cm
1 cup soy milk
5 cups water
Olive oil as you please
salt as you please
Step 1
Cut turnips, onion, and pac choi.
Keep the turnip leaves aside.
Step 2
Mix diced veghitables, water, kobu and salt in a pot and heat to a low boil over medium-high heat and then reduce the heat to medium-low.
Cover and simmer the soup skimming the scum, until the vegitables are fork-tender.
Add soy milk, bringing it to boil.
Step 3
Take the simmered kobu out of the pan and add olive oil to the soup in the pan.
Blend them until the soup is completely smooth.
Top with dried coriander if you like.
Keep the kobu aside.
Kinpira of turnip leaves (Sauteed turnip leaves), one more appetizer for the remaining
Kept turnip leaves and kobu
Soy sauce
Sesame oil
Dried red pepper
Saute chopped leaves and kobu with sesame oil in a pan and add the combined flavorings above to dry.


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By Brian Prisco | Underappreciated Gems | March 20, 2008 |
In my younger and more formidable twenties, I decided that it would be a brilliant decision to obtain an MFA in screenwriting from Boston University. I assume the part of my brain that provided this spectacular idea was the same one that thought growing my hair out from my bald head and dyeing it bleach-blonde for a part in a play wouldn't make me look like a post-apocalyptic Ben Franklin. Now, with an ulcerated sphincter and what amounts to an extra month mortgage payment going to student-loan sharks, I am more the wiser. However, when one is going to film school, you will need a ready answer to the question "What's your favorite film?" On the surface, this seems to be deceptively easy, but lest you forget, you will be judged dreadfully for your choice, and potentially turned into a newt. Most choices fall into the category of "something with subtitles" (Rashomon or Suspiria), "something more obscure and indie" (Trees Lounge or Bottle Rocket), "something obvious and renown" (Pulp Fiction or The Godfather) or "something with Muppets" (uh … The Muppet Movie), all of which are excellent suggestions. But for my choice, I wanted to hit people with something that would confuse and bewilder, like a baby dressed as a taco. And so my response was Time Bandits.
The looks that I would receive were almost worth my crippling credit card debt. Almost.
One eye would kind of start to shut, like their brains just received a power surge and the interior lights were flickering. Their brows would crinkle, they would start to squint, their mouths would start to frown and form a "Buh?" It was as if they had reawakened a confusing childhood memory: Santa Claus and the Tooth Fairy rochambeauing at the foot of their bed over who gets first crack at eating their parents. I would leave them clutching a latte in their hands, thin wisps of smoke curling from the tips of their thick black glasses, frozen in perplexed perpetuity. Some may still be there, buried under layers of decaying leaves and snow. Punch them in the bunghole.
Time Bandits is an anomaly of awesomeness that suffers and rises on the ever-changing paradoxical aura of its creator, Terry Gilliam. Gilliam is an auteur of the most fiendish variety, often alienating his co-writers, his castmates, his actors, his investors, his cameramen, small nomadic tribes, the Shriners, and most of the population of Ghana. His films are often epic feasts of visual imagery and startling imagination, but like anything on that scale, can cause confusion, bloating, and the inability to operate heavy or basic machinery. He carries his madness like a weary Cassandra, unable to make anyone understand the genius that rests within. Then again, sometimes it's just shit like The Brothers Grimm.
I tend to lump Gilliam in with the other Mad Hatters: Cronenberg, Lynch, Solondz, Cocteau, etcetera, etcetera. These directors slather wild Boschian nightmares over grotesquely beautiful stories, Rainbow Brite as envisioned by Rob Zombie. They tell fairy tales with all the blood and guts and sex and violence left in, because sometimes kids need to know there are ugly things that go bump in the night. A lot of times, the stories can be so ugly or so bizarre that they completely fry your brain. Then again, it might be the mewling hipster in me that so desperately wants to call this fucked-up poetry "art" because I can't really understand it. I might be too blinded by the picture to realize it's just a fucking schooner.
Time Bandits tells the story of Kevin (Craig Warnock), a young dreamer who finds himself kidnapped by a gang of unruly thieves who are on the run after stealing a valuable map from their former employer. Their former employer just happens to be the Supreme Being who tasked them with repairing the rifts in the Universe that sprung up after they slapped creation together in seven days. The map happens to allow them to find the portals so they can rob riches from any point in space or time, such as Napoleon's Italy or Robin Hood's England. Oh, and the gang of unruly thieves are a motley crew of dwarves. Who are also being sought after by Evil (David Warner).
Time Bandits is the first part in the unofficial Passage of Man Trilogy, followed by the shock-inducing Brazil and finishing with the cream of the crop, best of the bunch, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen. Each deals with a man coping with his imagination at various Sphinx-riddle stages of his life: youth, middle-age, and old age. Our narrator is never trust-worthy, so we are never quite certain if what we are witnessing is actually reality, or just our hero's skewed version or maddening dream. I am a big fucking sucker for the ol' bent and shuffled reality. It's why my current favorite movie is Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. But Time Bandits came first.
This movie is chock full of an embarrassment of riches, so much so that it's easy to overlook its obvious faults. I don't think a Terry Gilliam movie can be made without some stress fractures. I think if he ever actually finished his perfect movie, he would seize up and suffer a severe heart attack. He's the poster boy for "Almost But Not Quite." Every picture he makes has some aspect about it that dims it two shades from perfection. More often than not, it has to do with a plot drunkenly weaving like Gary Busey at the Oscars. Here, the plot seems uneven, or off-kilter. We spend too long in some time periods, and not nearly long enough in others. Elements will drag on, while others whirl past so quickly we miss them. As a given, logic gets the bathwater baby hurl right out the fucking door. And yeah, the special effects suffer from Tron syndrome: what was state of the art and mind-boggling in the early 80s is now hokier than your grandfather pulling a quarter from your nose. Well, take all that and sweep it under the rug, stuff it under your mattress, kick that shit to the curb, and come with me if you want to live.
What I love most about the movie is that it features non-exploited midgets. Sure, there are a few "little fellows" here or a couple "he can reach higher than us"-es there. But, for the most part, it's a band of inexperienced thieves who just happen to all be under four feet tall. This is unheard of. I mean, at the time, tiny actors could be either Ewoks, or Oompa Loompas, or, um, Ewoks. Which most of these six guys did. In fact, Kenny Baker, who plays Fidget in the film, played R2-D2 in all six of the Star Wars movies. Which means there was a 70-year-old beeping and booping in a plastic trash can in the Tunisian desert (which is still less of a crime than digitally editing in Hayden Christensen to the last scene in Return of the Jedi. I hope fucking Kali-Mah eats your heart, you fat tub of bearded goo). Most of the time, dwarf actors can only get roles where they speak in rhymes or caper about. In Time Bandits, they are well-defined and hilarious. Randall (David Rappaport) is one of the most devious and self-absorbed characters this side of Nick Bottom's asshead. This movie sort of forged the way for the able-bodied little person role, for good or for naught. Without this movie, we wouldn't have had the tragedy that was Verne Troyer's Mini-Me, but we also wouldn't have had his drunken-scooter driving, pissing in the corner antics on "The Surreal Life." And there would be no Peter Dinklage and the so-fucking-good-it-hurts-ness that is The Station Agent.
The cast achieves levels of badassery that make my face melt. Say what you will about Terry Gilliam, the motherfucker can assemble talent. Ian Holm, who I think is secretly in every movie, as the greatest Napoleon that is not screaming Merde as he waterslides through San Dimas. John Cleese, that charming bumblefucker, as an overly-polite Robin Hood amidst a gaggle of psychotic vagabond Merry Men. Shelley Duvall, who when not engaged in Karen Carpentry or running from ax-wielding Jacks, is fucking hi-lar-ious as a star-crossed Pansy opposite Michael Palin, who might very well be the most underrated Python. And my personal favorite, Sean Connery, as Agamemnon, continuing his in-your-face ability to shirk ethnic stereotype and play everything with a mighty brogue. And this wasn't bargain-basement, Oops-I-Crapped-Me-Pants Sean Connery from Entrapment and The League of Extraordinarily Bad Movie. This was Sean Connery at the height of coolness, right before his last role as Bond, right before he was to become the first Scottish head-lopping Spaniard, right as the snow was creeping amongst the cedars and the long luxuriant locks were fading into the bonnie. Apparently, Gilliam had written in the script, "The warrior takes off his helmet, revealing a face that looks something like Sean Connery." And then Sean Connery's agent found it and put it in his hands, and thus we've got legend. As Agamemnon, it's much more of a cameo role, there's not a whole lot of meat on the bone, so his job's essentially to stand on parapets and look like Sean Connery. But he does a good enough job to earn his place on Charlie's Father's Scottish Wall of Fame.
The randomness of the story has forever warped my tender sensibilities as a writer. It quantum leaps from the Napoleonic Wars to Medieval England to Greek Antiquity to the Titanic. Oh, then it jumps to an ogre's ship that happens to be a giant's helmet, to a desert in the Time of Legends to the Fortress of Ultimate Darkness, where Jim Broadbent shills as a sinister Wink Martindale, causing them to rush across a labyrinth only to be ensnared in a rusty cage. And then shit gets weird. Most of us are babies of the eighties, so you can share in my delight for dark fantasy and adventure. This movie belongs to the feed tube that simultaneously nurtured and demented us with Labyrinth, Monster Squad, The Neverending Story, The Dark Crystal, The Goonies, The Last Unicorn, The Black Cauldron, and so on, and so on, world without end. The last showdown between the heroes of all space and time, culled from the toys on Kevin's floor, versus Ultimate Evil is literally a child's dark playworld come to life. It's the most fantastic battle since I pitted the forces of Castle Greyskull and G.I. Joe on a daring post-Mr. Rogers raid against Strawberry Shortcake, some GoBots, and their combination Lego/Construx Fortress of Domination.
And the ending is truly brilliant. It is now officially the second most horrible "fucked-up because you are laughing at it" way to end a movie, falling only behind Very Bad Things. And they had to bring in Cameron Diaz and a bastion of cripples to knock it out of place. As the final weird synthesizer soundtrack by George Harrison shambalas its honky notes, we pan back trying to figure out if it was a happy ending or not. And that's personally what forged me as a writer. Learning as a child that not all stories have to end happily ever after and that you could bend space and time and logic to your will.
Sure, it's not as epic as some of Gilliam's later work, nor is it nearly as drug-induced hallucinatory as the others. It may not stand the test of time without a few hobbles. But what I appreciate about the movie is that when you scratch the surface, there's a lot more going on there than first meets the eye. When taken in context with the other two movies, as well as Gilliam's entire catalog, Time Bandits allows you to appreciate the mad genius behind his work. Where he can look at Watchmen and declare it can't be done properly except as a miniseries and not as a Batman knockoff. Where he can lose a lead actor and still modify his script so that three top notch actors can step in to fill the roles. Sure, The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus is inevitably going to seem just a little off. But that's the beauty of Gilliam. He's always a little off.
Brian Prisco is a warrior-poet from the valley of North Hollywood, by way of Philadelphia. He wastes most of his life in desk jobs, biding his time until he finally becomes an actor, a writer, or cannon fodder in the inevitable zombie invasion. He can be found shaking his fist and angrily shouting at clouds on his blog, The Gospel According to Prisco.
Time Bandits / Brian Prisco
Underappreciated Gems | March 20, 2008 |


text: DigitalWaPo Adds to Blogfolio: "God in Government"By Matt Dornic|April 1, 2009 ShareBy Matt Dornic|April 1, 2009 ShareThe "God in Government" blog debuted today on WaPo.com. See memo:Today we debuted a new blog, "God in Government," anchored by religion reporters Jacqui Salmon and Michelle Boorstein. It will be featured prominently on "On Faith," wp.com's very successful religion news and commentary page. We expect a rich assortment of news about the intersection of faith and public policy, and the initial postings are already generating strong reader interest. We also plan to reverse publish blog items in Saturday's paper. We are focusing directly on the myriad ways that faith interacts and contends with government, politics and policy.If you have ideas or see news as you cover your beats and report your stories, please alert Jacqui, Michelle or Religion Editor Dan LeDuc.Check it out here. Sharehttp://adweek.it/2l4nKoY copy Adweek Adweek


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J.O.T. aka GRANDE GATO: Music
DO THE HOLY GHOST(2010 J.O.T. GO GO mix) - J.O.T. & MS. CRYSTAL
(J.O.T. aka GRANDE GATO & MS. CRYSTAL aka BONITA SENORITA)
- MP3 play whole song, hi-fi (broadband)
- MP3 play whole song, lo-fi (modem)
- MP3 download whole song, hi-fi
A fun, simple dance(waving your hands in the air above your head) that people of all ages can do that gives praise to CHRIST. There are secular songs being made all of the time for various things so I felt that CHRISTIANS can have a dance too that gives CHRIST glory and stays in line with the WORD. -J.O.T. aka GRANDE GATO-


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Lament named teacher of the year
WAYNESFIELD — Waynesfield-Goshen teacher Kathy Lament was recognized as the 2017 Teacher of the Year for State Board of Education District 1 at Wednesday evening's regular board of education meeting.
State Board of Education member Ann Jacobs was present. Superintendents and principals are encouraged each year to nominate an exemplary teacher in the spring for selection in the fall, she said. She pointed out that Superintendent Chris Pfister submitted a good application for Lament, who is a math teacher.
"I just want to say that this award goes to people with expectations," Jacobs said. "I think that's one commonality that I've seen out of all these teachers, is that they all care a lot about their students."
Jacobs presented Lament with a certificate and congratulated her. Lament thanked Pfister for the nomination. She has served Waynesfield-Goshen High School for the last 14 of her 29 years of teaching, a news release states.
See the full story in the Thursday, Sept. 22 edition of the Wapakoneta Daily News.


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My favorite cobbler is one with a buttery taste, more of a crumble texture to it and that's not too sweet. This is an easy recipe that is a mix between a traditional cobbler and a berry crumble. It's perfect for serving during the summer with large scoops of vanilla ice! We also paired it with Beringer Main & Vine's White Merlot! Recipe below!
One response to Blackberry Cobbler Crumble
This sounds delicious! Can't wait to make this for my family.


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International Union for Conservation of Nature
Frank is a conservation biologist and policy advisor with many years of experience working with governments, civil society and local communities in Africa and around the world.
Prior to joining IUCN, Frank was Senior Vice-President at Conservation International (CI). In addition to leading CI's programme in Africa and Madagascar, he worked closely on green economy policy and land-use planning issues, emphasizing the value of nature as the basis for sustainable development, particularly in Liberia, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar and South Africa. He has collaborated with the US government and US-based institutions on a range of policy issues based on that field experience, including links between economic growth and natural resource use, mechanisms for promoting green investment, and multi-stakeholder engagement processes. He has organized events to highlight the potential for public-private partnerships to deliver nature-based development.
For 20 years until 2007, Frank worked primarily in Madagascar, with CI and other NGOs, where he conducted research on birds, lemurs and carnivores, and supported the government, local communities and local NGOs in implementing the National Environmental Action Plan. He has written or co-authored over 60 peer-reviewed papers and 10 books, including, in 2013, Volume 8 of the Birds of Africa, focusing on the Madagascar Region. His new book, a field guide to the birds of Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros and Mascarenes, will appear in December 2015.


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Advances in Consumer Research Volume 15, 1988 Pages 481-486
Terry Elrod, Vanderbilt University
This paper offers a new behavioral measure of brand loyalty, denoted Scaled Probability of Purchase (SPOP), explores its properties, and then examines its performance relative to Jacoby and Chestnut's (1978) nine criticisms of behavioral measures of brand loyalty. This author contends that the increase in availability, accuracy, and affordability of behavioral (scanner panel) data warrants a reexamination of Jacoby and Chestnut's conclusion that brand loyalty measures should be a composite of attitudinal and behavioral measures. Since attitudinal measures of brand loyalty are not normally available from scanner panel households, the gains in behavioral data collection do not apply to composite measures as well. This author concludes that behavioral measures such as SPOP are sufficiently informative to warrant their continued use, at least for frequently-bought consumer goods.
In their definitive study of brand loyalty, Jacoby and Chestnut (1978) conclude that measurement of brand loyalty should be composite, i.e. based upon both behavioral and attitudinal data. They see behavioral and attitudinal data guarding against each other's deficiencies.
Since 1978, marketing has seen great strides in the routine collection of behavioral data. In particular scanner data at the store level and at the household level are now widely available for low-priced frequently purchased goods. While advantages of diary panels remain (such as complete coverage of purchases), now entire cities have most stores equipped to record the purchases of scanner panel members in an unobtrusive manner.
Attitudinal measures from these scanner panel consumers are not normally available, however. Economies of scale in data collection mean that third parties (market research suppliers) will continue to collect these data and then sell them piecemeal to companies on a product by product basis. Market research suppliers must see to it that their panel remains as representative of the general population as possible. Obtaining new panel members for scanner panels is more difficult than for diary panels because of the requirement that panelists reside in one of the cities equipped to record scanned panel purchases. This means that attitudinal measures of brand loyalty from these same households are likely to remain unavailable for the foreseeable future.
Does the unavailability of attitudinal data from scanner panels imply that the scanner data should not be used to study brand loyalty? The attractiveness of these data in other respects prompted me to reexamine the issue of brand loyalty. This paper will not argue that scanner panel data are a panacea. Rather, it asks whether meaningful measures of loyalty, at least for low-priced frequently-purchased brands, can be obtained from scanner panel data.
Behavioral measures of brand loyalty are most likely to be meaningful for frequently purchased low-priced branded goods. In this case there are few barriers to purchase (such as price and availability) that would force behavior to differ from attitude, and so behavioral and the more expensive composite measures of brand loyalty are likely to agree [I am indebted to an anonymous reviewer at ACR for this insight among others.].
Brand loyalty is a simple concept. Drawing upon the-Webster's Third New International Dictionary definition of loyalty, we have brand loyalty as being "fidelity or tenacious adherence" to a brand on the part of buyers. A loyal friend is someone who will stick by you pretty much no matter what, and a loyal buyer will stick by your brand.
The purpose of identifying brand loyal consumers can be any of several:
To Exploit the Brand Loyal
It can be argued that if consumers are delighted with a brand and its terms of purchase, then the brand manager is doing something wrong. At a minimum the manager is charging too low a price, or is overspending on promotion or some other element of the marketing mix. Identifying brand loyal consumers is a starting point for determining a differentiated marketing mix to that group (one that is more profitable). "Exploitation" of loyal buyers, so defined, leads to all buyers benefiting equally from the exchange: enough to retain their patronage, but not much more.
To Identify the Loyal Buyer in Case of Hard Times
Marketers may wish to sustain the surplus goodwill that is brand loyalty as a defense or deterrent -against aggressive marketing-by a competitor or as a hedge against adverse economic conditions. The brand loyal buyer is the consumer to retreat to in case of a bad turn of fortune, and it pays to know in advance who the loyal buyers are.
To Better Market to Those Who Can Be Made Brand Loyal
Knowing which customers are very pleased with a brand indicates that psycho- or sociodemographically similar consumers in the general population are also good prospects. This use of brand loyalty presumes further penetration of the market is feasible and that similar consumers can be identified, which is more likely to be true for growing product categories and for brands that are new and truly differentiated.
After locating 33 different behavioral measures of brand loyalty in the literature, Jacoby and Chestnut (1978) criticize these measures on nine grounds. This paper begins by proposing yet a 34th measure of brand loyalty, and the section following will evaluate this measure against Jacoby and Chestnut's criticisms. Jacoby and Chestnut will hereafter be referred to as J&C.
The measure proposed, which I call Scaled Probability Of Purchase (SPOP), is not offered as the measure of brand loyalty, in part because there are too many other contenders for the title, and in part because the best measure may depend upon the data available and the purpose. SPOP is defined as follows. Presuming for the moment a good estimate of a household's purchase probabilities for a set of J brands (P1,---,PJ), the household's loyalty towards the ith brand in the set is defined as:
Li = J(Pi- 1/J) = J Pi - 1 (1)
Li = J(Pi- 1/J) = J Pi - 1 (1)
Li = J(Pi- 1/J)
= J Pi - 1 (1)
Thus SPOP is a linear transformation of the household's purchase probabilities for the brands. Many of SPOP's properties will be explained in the context of J&C's criticisms, but the rationale underlying the measure and its essential properties warrant immediate explanation.
Translating Probability of Purchase to a Meaningful Origin
Construction of the SPOP measure begins with subtracting 1/J from all purchase probabilities to give a meaningful origin to the measure. A household that buys -a brand with probability exceeding 1/J is buying the brand more often than the average brand and therefore shows some degree of loyalty to the brand. This household receives a positive SPOP score. A household buying a brand with probability less than 1/1 is disloyal and receives a negative SPOP score for that brand.
Scaling Translated Probabilities Of Purchase
(Pi - 1/J) has a maximum value of a-1)/J and a minimum of -1/J. It seems that a measure of brand loyalty should be somewhat robust to the number of brands included in the analysis. If a household never buys a brand, then the maximum disloyalty cannot be less than this, regardless of what other brands are bought Multiplying (Pi - 1/J) by J yields a maximum disloyalty score of -1 regardless of the number of brands and leaves the origin unchanged. However, multiplying (Pi - 1/J) by J also changes the maximum loyalty measure to J-1. Thus maximum attainable loyalty increases with the number of brands in the analysis. This is conceptually pleasing for two reasons. First, since always buying a brand out of a larger set of competing brands is a stronger (and rarer) indication of loyalty to the brand, this ought to be reflected in a larger maximum attainable score for the brand loyalty measure. Adding brands with very low purchase probabilities to a choice set makes the loyalty scores for the initial brands increase, even from being disloyal to being loyal. For example, suppose that a consumer's probabilities of purchase for the two brands constituting a market are .6 and .4. Then we would have to say that the consumer is not very committed to the second brand. In fact, the SPOP scores would be .2 and -.2, respectively, indicating that the consumer is slightly disloyal to the second brand. Suppose next that 4 brands are added to the product category, but that none of these brands attract purchases from this buyer. The buyer's purchase probabilities for the 6 brands become .6, .4, 0, 0, 0, 0. Now we would be inclined to say that the consumer is somewhat loyal to the first two brands, and disloyal to the other four. This intuition is reflected in the SPOP scores for the brands: on a scale now of 5 to -1, the SPOP scores for the 6 brands have become 2.6, 1.4, -1, -1, -1, -1.
Second, adding a brand to the choice set that attains an average probability of purchase (and hence a SPOP score of zero) by drawing share proportionately from existing brands leaves the SPOP scores for these brands unchanged. For example, suppose a household's probabilities of purchase for three brands are given by .5,.3,.2. The corresponding SPOP scores are 0.5, -0.1, -0.4. Adding the fourth brand changes the household's purchase probabilities to: .375, .225, .150, .250 but the SPOP scores are still: 0.5, -0.1, -0.4, 0.0.
Note that SPOP yields a separate measure of a household's loyalty towards each of the brands in the choice set, and that the measure is continuous and not discrete. In addition, the average SPOP brand loyalty score over all brands is always zero.
Obtaining Good Estimates of a Household's Probabilities Of Purchase
The SPOP measure of brand loyalty presumes a good measure of a household's probability of buying each brand. Observed purchase frequency is not a good measure. It is unstable for short periods of observation and yet over longer periods of observation many households are likely to change their behavior.
One resolution of this dilemma is to use a Bayes estimate of a household's purchase probability for each brand. A Bayes estimate recognizes that the household is sampled from a population and uses information about the population to yield an improved estimate of the household's purchase probability.
If the purchase probabilities are distributed Dirichlet (with parameters a1,..., aJ), then the Bayes estimates of a household's purchase probabilities are easily derived. The distribution of the purchase probability for brand i for households observed to buy brand i n i times on N purchase occasions is Beta with parameters (ai + ni, A-ai + N-ni), where a i is the parameter of the Dirichlet distribution corresponding to brand i and A = a1 +...+aJ. The mean of this distribution is the Bayes estimate of purchase probability. It is the minimum variance estimator and it is given by:
PBi = ai + ni / (A + N) (2)
PBi = ai + ni / (A + N) (2)
PBi = ai + ni / (A + N) (2)
Notice that the estimate works even for households that were never observed to buy any of the brands. In the absence of any information about a household, our best estimate of its purchase probabilities are the average purchase probabilities in the population. On the other hand, as a household is observed to make more and more purchases, the estimates of the household's purchase probabilities approaches that of its observed purchase frequency (n i /N).
Basing SPOP on Bayes estimates of purchase probabilities avoids misattributing brand loyalty to households that bought the same brand repeatedly due to chance. To see this, consider a hypothetical market consisting of two brands: 1 and 2. Everyone in that market buys whichever brand is on sale that week, and let's say that each brand is cheaper half the time. Therefore DO buyer is brand loyal to either brand, and every buyer has a probability of purchasing each brand of one-half. If a large sample of such buyers are observed for two purchase occasions, then we would observe the buying behavior portrayed in Table 1. In truth all consumers are identical, neither loyal nor disloyal to either brand (with SPOP scores of zero for both).
Fitting the Dirichlet-multinomial model (known as the Beta-binomial in this two-brand case) to these data yields parameter estimates a1 = a2 = infinity. These strange parameter estimates reflect the fact that all buyers have identical true purchase probabilities of one half, a limiting case of the Beta distribution. Nevertheless, substituting these parameter estimates into the formula for P Bi yields true purchase probability estimates of .5 for all households, regardless of their observed purchase behavior, and fitted SPOP scores of zero for all brands and consumers. Thus even in this extreme case, the SPOP measure is not "fooled" into misattributing brand loyalty, provided that Bayes estimates of purchase Probabilities are used.
I now turn to a consideration of the J&C criticisms of behavioral measures of brand loyalty and discuss how well SPOP measures up.
Based as it is on purchase probability, SPOP has the economic theory of random utility maximization as its basis. On a randomly selected choice occasion, P i is the probability that brand i has the highest utility of all brands:
Pi = Prob [ Uit > Ujt, for all j not equal to i] (3)
Pi = Prob [ Uit > Ujt, for all j not equal to i] (3)
Pi = Prob [ Uit > Ujt, for all j not equal to i] (3)
where Ukt = Vk + ekt, Vk is the nonstochastic utility for the brand, and ekt is the stochastic component of utility that varies from one choice occasion to the next. In practice, ekt will be capturing the effects of changes in consumption situation and in marketing mix variables.
For every Pi there is an implied Vi and vice versa (Daganzo 1979). The simplest specification of Vi is ln(Pi), but widely used (e.g. Nakanishi and Cooper 1974) is a transformation that standardizes Vi to have zero mean across brands (just at SPOP does):
vi = ln(Pi/P*) (4)
vi = ln(Pi/P*) (4)
vi = ln(Pi/P*) (4)
where P* is the geometric mean of the purchase probabilities.
Vi so defined would make an attractive measure of brand loyalty because it shows the household's underlying enduring preference for the brand. I chose to work instead with a linear transformation of purchase probability for two reasons. First, Vi has values of minus infinity and of plus infinity for brands with purchase probabilities of zero and of one, respectively. These will arise when observed frequencies must be used, and infinities do not work well as data. Second, as was shown above, there exists for purchase probabilities a simple formula for estimating a household's purchase probabilities based upon only a few purchases. Using SPOP with these estimates avoids the misattribution of brand loyalty to repeat buying that is driven by stochastic errors.
Since purchase probability (and hence SPOP) has a monotonic relationship to the enduring random utility preferences (the Vi's), purchase probability is justifiably referred to as a measure of brand preference as well.
"Behavioral Measures Use Arbitrary Criteria to Distinguish Between Loyal and Disloyal Buyers"
SPOP is scaled so that zero is the dividing point between loyalty and disloyalty, that point corresponding to the average purchase probability across brands (1/J). Returning to the random utility origins, it corresponds to the average brand preference--consumers are described as disloyal when they like a brand less than the average brand in the category. This measure of brand loyalty is relative but nonarbitrary.
"Behavioral Measures Are Overly Simplistic"
This objection is hard for a management scientist to deal with because, ceteris paribus, simplicity in a model or measure is a virtue. On the other hand, too v much of anything is bad, and so the charge as stated is unanswerable.
The substance of J&C's objection seems to be that brand loyalty is complex, therefore any measure of it must be complex. My view is that there are measures of constructs and then there are models that capture the relationships between constructs. It is a matter of choice whether complexity is embodied within measures or within models. Management scientists tend to prefer simplicity in measures, relying on models to explain essential relationships.
"Behavioral Measures Fail to Account for Disloyalty"
The SPOP measure distinguishes between loyalty and disloyalty. Any positive value for SPOP represents loyalty to the brand, any negative value disloyalty, and a value of zero neutrality. Thus the SPOP measure can be used to investigate consumer behavior along a loyalty-disloyalty continuum.
"Behavioral Measures Fail to Specify the Appropriate Unit of Measurement
SPOP uses as data the number of units purchased by a household of each brand. Some argue that the Achilles' heel of panel data is that one does not observe the buying behavior of individuals and therefore the household-level data constitute a misaggregation of behavior by heterogeneous individuals.
Several points can be made in defense of household-level data. First, for some products the household is the consuming unit. Regular ground coffee is thought to be an example of this--the product is perishable once opened and is typically prepared in batches, and so most families consume at home a single brand of regular ground coffee at any one time.
Second, and for a much wider range of products, it may be better to study household-level behavior because it captures the interdependence of family members on each other's consumption behavior. For example, are the breakfast cereals bought by a household really the summation of individually-determined brand choices? Studies focusing on individual preferences frequently ignore the interdependencies within families of attitude, behavior and choice.
Third, while it is true that aggregating individual behavior into household behavior will disguise some of the heterogeneity in preferences in the population if preferences are truly individual, the extent of this misaggregation is an empirical issue that is not resolved. It is known for most frequently-bought goods that considerable heterogeneity in buying behavior is retained in the household-level data. Whether this reflects all or even most of the heterogeneity in behavior is hard to say, largely because individual-level behavior is not at present well monitored.
Finally, even when we have measures of individual-level behavior and/or attitude, the problem of misaggregation remains. To the extent that preference is determined by consumption situation, any measure of brand loyalty that is not conditional on situation is misaggregated (Srivastava, Alpert and Shocker 1984). There is a tendency to reject household-level data based upon a suspicion of misaggregation while blithely risking misaggregation across consumption situations. This is not to say that loyalty should always be measured conditional on both individual and situation, nor that we should always resort to household-level data because "misaggregation is unavoidable." Rather, a level of aggregation should be selected after consideration of the risk of misaggregation for that product category, recognizing that less aggregate data lower this risk while being more costly and perhaps less reliable in other respects.
Interestingly, J&C do not argue the misaggregation case against household-level data. Instead, they argue that any unit of measurement defined at the household level cannot be tied very well to individual-level data collected from the same households (such as personality scores) because we do not observe which family members are doing the purchasing. Yet the noncombinability of observed household behavior with attitudinal measures of individuals is a problem for composite measures of brand loyalty, and not with either type of measurement taken singly. If forced to choose between behavioral or attitudinal measures, J&C confess to a bias towards attitudinal measures. I suspect that most management scientists have a bias towards the behavioral because the data are objective and because they are closely Lied to the behavior of interest, i.e. to what people buy and not to what they say they like.
"Behavioral Measures Explain Only the Outcome of the Decision-Making Process, and Not the Process Itself"
This assertion also makes a management scientist pause, because a measure that tells you what you want to know and nothing else is, ceteris paribas, a good measure. However, it is incorrect to suggest that purchase probability cannot be used to yield insight into the causes of loyalty to a brand. This role can be served by models such as logit that relate SPOP to marketing variables and household characteristics using a formulation such as:
ln[(SPOPi+1)/(J-SPOPi-1)] = b ln(Xi) + ei (5)
ln[(SPOPi+1)/(J-SPOPi-1)] = b ln(Xi) + ei (5)
ln[(SPOPi+1)/(J-SPOPi-1)] = b ln(Xi) + ei (5)
where b is a parameter (or vector of parameters) and Xi is a positive exogenous variable (or vector of such variables). Variables not logically positive are first made so by exponentiation. The SPOP scores are more reliably estimated for some households (such as those that bought many times) than others, which means that ei is heteroscedastic. But the error variance is known to be
Var(SPOPi | ni) = J2 (ai + ni) (A - ai + N - ni) / [(A + N)2 (A + N + 1)] (6)
Var(SPOPi | ni) = J2 (ai + ni) (A - ai + N - ni) / [(A + N)2 (A + N + 1)] (6)
Var(SPOPi | ni) = J2 (ai + ni) (A - ai + N - ni) / [(A + N)2 (A + N + 1)] (6)
and this can be used to estimate the logit model by weighted least squares (Jones and Zufryden 1980).
"Most Behavioral Measures Fail to Account For Multibrand Loyalty"
SPOP accounts for multibrand loyalty. A household that buys two brands half the time out of four available would be registered as being (equally) loyal to the two brands and disloyal to the others (the SPOP scores would be: +1, +1, -1, -1). The loyalty to either brand would not be as high as for households that bought only a single brand (the SPOP scores are then: +3, -1, -1, -1), but then neither should it be.
"Relations Among the Various Behavioral Measures Have Not Been Studied Empirically"
Here, I&C provide an example of purchasing by four households and show how different measures would reach different conclusions about who is loyal and who is not. Disagreement among measures is not the fault of any single measure, nor is the absence of research showing agreement. Reproduced here from I&C (p. 44) are 10 hypothetical purchases by 4 households towards the 8 brands A through H. Remember that these examples were invented by the authors to make their point. Their examples are given in Table 2, along with the implied SPOP scores.
The SPOP measures of brand loyalty in this case are the purchase shares times 8 less 1. (For panel data there is a better estimate of purchase probabilities, as was discussed above.) Households 3 and 4 have the same SPOP measures for the brands. J&C invented households 3 and 4 to show that a "three purchases in a row" criterion for brand loyalty would create an unwanted distinction between the two households in their loyalty to brand A.
That household 1 should have the same measured loyalty to brand A as households 3 and 4 makes one pause. Household 1 concentrates its .3 non-A purchase probability on brand B, but households 3 and 4 spread their .3 non-A purchase probability evenly among three other brands. Should the degree of-concentration of non-A purchases affect the loyalty measure for brand A as does their frequency? The best answer is no for three reasons. First, sales lost are sales lost, and whether to one other brand or to several seems to belong to the realm of second order effects.
Second, analysis of the logit market attraction model of purchase probability supports ignoring degree of concentration of purchasing among other brands. The market attraction model appears in its simplest form as:
Pi = sib / (Sj sjb) (7)
Pi = sib / (Sj sjb) (7)
Pi = sib / (Sj sjb) (7)
where Xi and b are as defined previously. If, as is usually assumed, revenues are linear in purchase probability and costs are linear in the marketing variable, then the optimal level of the marketing variable for brand i (ignoring competitive response) is determined by the derivative of purchase probability with respect to the marketing variable:
dPi / dXi = b Pi (1 - Pi) / Xi (8)
dPi / dXi = b Pi (1 - Pi) / Xi (8)
dPi / dXi = b Pi (1 - Pi) / Xi (8)
Note that the distribution of purchases among non-i brands is irrelevant.
Finally, SPOP is a vector of a household's loyalties to all brands in the market, and so information about the distribution of loyalty over non-A brands is retained. Attempting to incorporate loyalty towards non-A brands into the measure of loyalty towards A (and doing this simultaneously for all brands A-H) would be redundant and unnecessarily confusing.
"Behavioral Measures Lack Demonstrated Reliability and Validity"
The reliability for SPOP is readily computed. The reliability coefficient for an estimate is given by the ratio of the variance in true scores to the variance in observed scores (cf. Nunnally 1978, p.215). In the case of SPOP, this is the variance in true purchase probability for a brand over the sample of households, relative to the variance in the within-household market share (n i /N) over households. The former is given by (Greene 1982, p. 155):
Var(Pi) = ai (A - ai) / [A2 (A+1)] (9)
Var(Pi) = ai (A - ai) / [A2 (A+1)] (9)
Var(Pi) = ai (A - ai) / [A2 (A+1)] (9)
The variance in ni is given by (Greene 1982, p. 157):
Var(ni) = Nai (A - ai) (A + N) / [A2 (A+1)] (10)
Var(ni) = Nai (A - ai) (A + N) / [A2 (A+1)] (10)
Var(ni) = Nai (A - ai) (A + N) / [A2 (A+1)] (10)
Hence the reliability coefficient is given by Var(Pi)/Var(ni/N):
r = N/ (A + N) (11)
r = N/ (A + N) (11)
r = N/ (A + N) (11)
Since SPOP is a linear function of purchase probability, its reliability is N / (A + N) as well.
Interestingly, psychometricians (Nunnally 1978, p. 217) recommend that deviations in true scores (from their mean) be estimated from the deviations in observed scores by multiplying the latter by the reliability coefficient. In our case, the estimate of a household's purchase probability for brand i (Pri) is:
Pri - ai / A = r (ni / N - ai / A), or Pri = (ni + ai) / (A + N) (12)
Pri - ai / A = r (ni / N - ai / A), or Pri = (ni + ai) / (A + N) (12)
Pri - ai / A = r (ni / N - ai / A), or
Pri = (ni + ai) / (A + N) (12)
This is the same as the Bayes estimator PBi recommended above.
SAMI/Burke, Inc. made available the records of purchases of six liquid laundry detergents by a panel for a one year period. 1268 households bought at least one _, nit, and the average number bought by them was 7.6. Observed for each household is the number of units bought of each brand. A fit of the Dirichlet-Multinomial model by maximum likelihood yielded parameter estimates a 1 ,...,a 6 equal to (.198, .512, .193, .150, .179, .116). A = a 1 +...+a 6 is therefore estimated as 1.348. Then the reliability of SPOP for a household that bought a total of N units (all brands combined) is equal to N / (N + 1.348), regardless of which brands were bought. Households bought anywhere between 1 and 70 units, but the average reliability over all households is .73. The means and standard deviations of the SPOP scores over all households for the six brands are shown in Table 3.
From Table 3 it is apparent that the highest average loyalty is to Wisk. This brand is in fact the "prototypical" brand--the one that founded the liquid detergent category. It's having the highest average loyalty measure reflects its having the largest market share. However, the households differ more in their loyalty to Wisk than to any other brand. The standard deviations for all brands are high, indicating that considerable heterogeneity in consumer behavior is retained by the household-level data. This is not surprising for laundry detergent if you believe that the household, and not individual family members, is the consuming unit. Were demographic data available for these households, then brand loyalty could be related to these characteristics by logit, as was shown previously.
At the time of the Jacoby and Chestnut (1978) study, the benefit I cost = value of several methods of measuring brand loyalty were such that composite (behavioral plus attitudinal) measures were the best value overall. But in the past decade the widespread availability of low cost behavioral data has raised the value of behavioral data without facilitating composite measurement. A comparison of the different measures of brand loyalty in terms of value may be as shown in Table 4. It appears that, in the case of frequently-bought consumer goods, behavioral measures of brand loyalty such as SPOP are here to stay for the foreseeable future.
Daganzo, Carlos (1979), Multinomial Probit, New York: Academic.
Greene, Jerome D. (1982), Consumer Behavior Models for NonStatisticians, New York: Praeger.
Jacoby, Jacob and Robert W. Chestnut (1978), Brand Loyalty Measurement and Management, New York: Wiley.
Jones, J. Morgan and Fred S. Zufryden (1980), "Adding Explanatory Variables to a Consumer Purchase Behavior Model: An Exploratory Study," Journal of Marketing Research, 17 (August), pp. 323-344.
Nakanishi, Masao and Lee G. Cooper (1974), "Parameter Estimation for a Multiplicative Competitive Interaction Model-Least Squares Approach," Journal of Marketing Research, 11 (August), pp. 303-311.
Nunnally, Jum C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Srivastava, Rajendra K., Mark I. Alpert and Allan D. Shocker (1984), "A Customer-oriented Approach for Determining Market Structure," 48 (Spring), pp. 32-45.


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Artisan Energy Corporation announces the following corporate activities:
Viking Light Oil Acquisition
Artisan has signed a purchase and sale agreement (subject to certain closing conditions) with Magnum Energy Inc. (Magnum), to acquire Magnum's 50% working interest in 2,720 gross acres (1,360 net acres) of land in the Provost area of Alberta (the "Provost Asset"), which Magnum currently operates. Current production from the Provost Asset is approximately 80 gross boe/d (approximately 40 net boe/d) comprised of 90% light oil producing from the Viking zone. Artisan estimates that the Provost Asset has an additional 17 gross (8.5 net) horizontal development Viking light oil drill locations based on a minimum well density of 4 additional horizontal wells per section. In addition, Artisan recognizes potential to conduct low-cost optimization operations on the existing producing wells and facilities on the Provost Asset to materially increase production.
Artisan Energy Corporation
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The winding of the slatted cover is installed below the pool bottom in a compartment. This compartment is needed to be built already during the construction of the pool base plate and the bottom drain should be installed on its bottom. The compartment is covered with a protective walkable grating (stainless steel sheet, film-coated PVC plates in the colour of the pool walls or PP plates); the grating is removable. Between the grating and the pool wall, there is a gap, through which the slat coming out. Drive units behind the wall or tubular motors in the shaft may be used for the Type D.
|Type D – Underwater installation below the pool bottom
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Dear friends,
I am pleased to announce, on behalf of the Italian Dxpedition Team, that we were able to provide a second ambulance to the Galkayo hospital. This was made possible also thanks to the Donations by ARI Sections, OMs and Sponsors who, in true ham spirit, supported our DXpeditions.
Special thanks to Angelo IK2CKR for his generosity and commitment.
We thank all of you, also on behalf of Dr Jama, Head of the Galkayo hospital.
Thanks and see you on the air.


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Avoid a Water Heater Explosion
No, it does not take place that typically, thankfully, however a water heater has the potential to explode and trigger major damages to an Orlando home and people. It is simple to have the state of mind that it is something that takes place to other individuals, however without proper care of ones water heater, it can potentially occur to you. We do not desire to seem like an alarmist, however wished to share some different videos we put together from around the Internet to show this point. The first one is information video from a Phoenix homeowner whose electric water heater blew up...Read More
The Polybutylene Pipe Debate
There are a number of different kinds of pipes that are utilized in your house. Some piping that is made use of in homes are plastic, copper, galvanized, Polybutylene, cpvc, PVC, polyethylene, etc. We are going to take a look at one particular pipe and some of the issues with this pipe following. That pipe is Polybutylene piping, better called "POLY" pipe. If you're asking yourself, "What is Polybutylene?" you maybe stressed that your house or company was developed with them. If your structure was developed between the late 1970's and mid 1990's,...Read More
Thanksgiving Plumbing Care Tips
While many individuals are out going shopping the Friday early morning after Thanksgiving day we are active helping too many people with blocked drains and toilets. It is usually the garbage disposal unit that most individuals have the hardest time with throughout the holiday period with all the extra food preparation that gets done so the disposal works overtime. Things to be mindful of NOT grinding up in the disposal are turkey bones, chicken skin, potato peels, celery (anything stringy) and fruit. Also, make sure you have the water running before turning the disposal on, and then begin...Read More
Safety for a Water Heater
Here are some safety tips to keep in mind with ones Orlando water heater to make sure it is running properly and in case of emergencies what to do and not to do. When water is heated up, calcium carbonate clears up to the bottom of the tank. This sediment minimizes the efficiency of your water heater, along with its storage capacity and ultimately its life expectancy. To combat the effects of this natural procedure, drain water from your tank two to four times a year (more typically if you live in a hard-water location). To do this, initially turn the water heater off. Then just affix a...Read More
Home Winterizing Tips
There are a great deal of different jobs around the home that property owners must bear in mind performing in the fall to winterize their home that we would such as to share with you today. This first post includes the have to change ones furnace filters and to inspect the batteries on any smoke and carbon monoxide detectors in the home, which we cannot emphasize enough. Likewise, it is a good time to examine the pressure relief valve on the water heater. This is a job that ought to be done two times a year. While inspecting this, it likewise makes it a convenient time to drain and flush the...Read More


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Scarborough UTC's Yr10 visit to HMNBs Portsmouth 9th – 13th October 2017
This year's first visit to the Royal Naval engineering facilities, in and around Portsmouth, took place last month with a dozen of Scarborough UTC's yr10 students joining forces with students from Derby UTC, sleeping on board HMS Bristol (an old type 82 destroyer that used for training purposes), and experiencing life as a Royal Navy engineer.
The students were exposed to all aspects of engineering within the Navy, from Communication Systems and Design Engineering to Cyber Security, Weapons Engineering to Marine Engineering, and Aviation and Electrical Engineering. Students got involved with hands on projects and gained an in-depth understanding about how engineering fits into everyday life; this helped to reinforce the students' decisions to attend the UTC in the first place. Lectures, serials and workshops were run out of HMS Sultan and HMS Collingwood during the week, and the students also had chance to develop their leadership, communication and teamwork skills at the Royal Naval Leadership Academy. When all of the UTC students were questioned at the end of the visit, 80% said that they would consider an engineering career in the Navy, and 40% were ready to start filling in the paperwork there and then; we did point out that they had a little time to wait.
"The naval personnel were fantastic, engaging and really knew their stuff!" was one of the many quotes from our yr10 girls.


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It is no coincidence that the Ihsane Jarfi Day took place during IDAHOT.
After some heartwarming speeches from RainbowHouse Brussels and Hassan Jarfi, the father of Ihsane, the march went from the Place de la Monnaie through the heart of Brussels to the rue Saint-Christophe where Ihsane Jarfi's fresco by Anthea Missy is on display.
After the inauguration, flowers were deposited for support.
The evening closed with an art auction in favor of the Ihsane Jarfi Foundation, an after-party and various other activities in the Bozar.


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Glass fusing has rapidly grown in popularity over the past few years. If you want to know more about this "Hot" craft, you have come to the right place. Sometimes referred to as fused glass, warm glass, or kiln work, this craft involves molding and manipulating glass inside a kiln.
Fused glass is not only beautiful to behold, but participating in the forming of these pieces is breath-taking. Manipulating pieces of glass to bend and form into shapes can really feed the creative juices.
Do you want to learn all the techniques of warm glass? What is fused glass? What is glass slumping? What items are necessary? What do some of these terms mean? If you are looking for answers to these and other kiln work related questions, then you have come to the right place.
When I became interested in fused glass, a search of the internet delivered bits and pieces of information, but no central place where questions could be answered and instructions are simple for beginners just learning this craft. The technical terms can be overwhelming and confusing.
I wanted to create a site where I could share what I have learned and assist others in understanding the various processes. I hope these pages will help you, and spare you hours of web searching aggravation. The easiest way to learn warm glass or slumping, is to just take it slow and move through the information at your own pace.
The pages will give you a basic knowledge of the diverse methods and procedures and to assist you in your progress. Glance through and familiarize yourself on the different processes and techniques. The Site Map provides a listing of the pages located under each navigation bar listing. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me using the contact page, located on the navigation bar.
Are you looking for just the right supplier for all your kiln formed glass art needs? The page on Art Glass Supplies will assist you in your search for just the right supplier for all your art and crafts supplies. From kilns to all the essential supplies, these sites can aid you in getting started and continuing your adventure.
Explore the Fused Glass Supplies page to discover how to make your own supplies or find out items around the house that can be used in fusing. These items can save you money on your fusing expenses.
Have you taken a class, or been to an incredible warm glass store? Share this experience with others on the Review a Fusing Glass Store or Class page! Looking for and finding great classes and stores is a tedious task. Help others to find terrific places to purchase glass, or take informative classes. Read and review what others have to say about fabulous fused glass stores and classes around the world.
Check out the Project Patterns section for current listings of the procedures and patterns that can be accomplished using a kiln. From beginner, intermediate and advanced tasks to Hawaiian themed ventures, glass bugs, and seasonal designs, these pages are jammed packed with projects and designs for fused glass.
Take your time and enjoy the journey. After reviewing and studying different sections, you will have a much better understanding about kiln formed glass art and how you can accomplish this sizzling hot craft.
Feel free to share this information with others who enjoy the craft of fused glass, or have the desire to learn this skill. Just click here to send this page to a friend, or send it to yourself as a reminder.
We are glass fusing artists and offer suggestions for products on this website. Although we are affiliated with those product sites and receive commissions for sales made, we only suggest vendors we have used and approve of 100%.
Use of this web site constitutes acceptance of the Glass Fusing Made Easy Disclaimer and Privacy Policy.


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We are a leading integrated services company for upstream, midstream and downstream assets
With a long and successful history of projects and relationships, we work with our clients to implement the best technologies and services to improve asset uptime and performance.
Contributing science, teamwork and execution to projects and operations.
We deliver high performance solutions, reliability and unrivaled execution and service excellence across a wide range of projects and operations throughout the value chain of energy production.
We look for individuals who embody our values.
Our cultural values include integrity, execution and technology, with a foundation of accountability, respect and doing the right thing.
Shawcor's proprietary crimp fittings have been engineered to efficiently and directly join to steel lines, standard flanged connections and our own composite linepipe products, as well as connect lengths of linepipe to other linepipe and equipment.
Spoolable composite fittings
Effectively connect FlexPipe or FlexCord Linepipe while eliminating corrosion with our flanged end fittings, pipe-to-pipe couplers and weld neck fittings. Fittings are available in electroless nickel coating, no coating or stainless steel to best serve your needs. We also supply moisture-resistant tape and anodes for cathodic protection.
Stick composite fittings
Tested with FlexFlow Linepipe as a complete system in long-term, high-pressure tests, our FlexFuse™ couplings offer extremely reliable fitting connection.
Discover Shawcor integrated services and advanced technologies being applied to the world's largest projects in the most extreme and challenging environments. Lookup for any project by Geo-location, Capability, Technology and Service provided.
Joining Systems


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Hearing on charter schools brings out varied opinions
State Pennsylvania Auditor General Eugene DePasquale got an earful during a daylong meeting in Philadelphia on Friday on ways to improve the accountability and effectiveness of charter schools.
Paul Kihn, deputy superintendent of the Philadelphia School District, warned that if Harrisburg passed pending legislation that would permit the unlimited growth of charters, the cost to the district would be so devastating that it might not be able to manage its own schools.
Lawrence Jones Jr., head of Richard Allen Preparatory Charter School in Southwest Philadelphia, said the state needs to provide equitable funding for both district and charter schools.
"This grand experiment is one that is about to collapse under its own weight, because we are doing such a poor job in oversight," said Donna Cooper, executive director of Public Citizens for Children and Youth.
Kyle Serrette, education director for the Washington-based Center for Popular Democracy, said his organization was stunned by the number of federal fraud cases involving charter officials that have occurred in Pennsylvania in recent years.
His group, which works with community groups and unions, called for "a comprehensive investigation that allows the public, regulators, and legislators to better understand the depth of the problem" to improve oversight.
And Philadelphia City Controller Alan Butkovitz told the auditor general that his office is taking another look at the district's charter school office and a group of city charter schools.
The review, which he expects to be completed in a few months, is a follow-up to a study his office completed in 2010 which found that the charter office "was not doing its job" overseeing the schools and that questionable practices were rampant at 13 charters it reviewed.
It was the fifth and final meeting that DePasquale has held across the state to gather input on improving the state's 174 taxpayer-funded charters, which enroll 120,000 students.
Philadelphia is home to 86 charters with 67,000 students.


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2013 BIO 386 course has third field trip to First Water Trailhead
On Sunday, September 15, students of the ASU-SoLS General Entomology course BIO 386 had their third collecting trip to the First Water Trailhead, an accessible and scenic area of the Superstition Mountains. The habitat was in good condition with many Odonata species and and other aquatic insects. The proper way to record the locality information is "U.S.: AZ: Pinal Co.; First Water Trailhead (FR 78) at Hwy 88; 33.487098, -111.441984; general coll. & aquatic net; leg. N. Franz [replace with your name], IX-15-2013″. See more photos here.


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On average, a visitor to your website decides whether to stay or leave in just 10 seconds. With statistics like these in mind, Letterkenny Credit Union began work on a new & improved website alongside the web team at Wellington IT.
Processing a loan at 1st Alliance could take up to a week, was completely paper-based and required manual checking. Now, processing a loan is completely paperless, and takes just five minutes.
If Gurranabraher Credit Union wanted to attract new members and increase member loyalty, they knew the best way to do this was to invest in member experience, utilising both the technology and strategic partnership offered by Wellington IT.
The merger that created Core Credit Union presented unique challenges. It was one of the first set of mergers through The Credit Union Restructuring Board (ReBo) as well as the difficult task of merging three Credit Unions at the one time.
In order to ensure minimal disruption to IT provision and member services throughout Tallaght West's move, the staff at Wellington IT worked alongside Credit Union staff to ensure that what they needed was delivered on time.
Wexford Credit Union successfully transitioned to a new IT system which will enable its 38,500 members to avail of new services. The Credit Union will also be able to meet their operational and compliance needs, meeting strategic objectives
Member First Credit Union achieved success with the next generation using our software, launching a marketing campaign that increased millennial membership by 38%, and saw their loan book grow by 25%.


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Doughs and Don'ts: The Jewish Roots of the Bagel
The bagel has been identified with the Jewish community as far back as the 12th century. A small family bakery in northern Israel still gives the bread the respect it deserves.
Want to enjoy 'Zen' reading - with no ads and just the article? Subscribe todaySubscribe now


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VENOM is a 5 letter word that starts with V.
\Ven"om\, n. [OE. venim, OF. venim, F. venin, L. veneum.
Cf. {Venenate}.]
1. Matter fatal or injurious to life; poison; particularly,
the poisonous, the poisonous matter which certain animals,
such as serpents, scorpions, bees, etc., secrete in a
state of health, and communicate by thing or stinging.
Or hurtful worm with cankered venom bites. --Milton.
2. Spite; malice; malignity; evil quality. Chaucer. ``The
venom of such looks.'' --Shak.
Syn: Venom; virus; bane. See {Poison}.
\Ven"om\, v. t. [OE. venimen, OF. venimer, L. venenare.
See {Venom}, n.]
To infect with venom; to envenom; to poison. [R.] ``Venomed
vengeance.'' --Shak.


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Second grade spelling Unit B-15 features words that end in a /k/ sound. Word list: duck, music, steak, back, leak, chalk, mistake, check, cheek, track, magic, and comic.
2nd Grade spelling Unit B-16 has words that are homophones. List: to, here, bye, where, hear, buy, by, wear, too, two, no, and know.Second Grade Spelling
This link will take you to the main index page for 2nd grade spelling. You can link to any spelling unit from here.


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Florence Square Dining Table
Florence Square Dining Table
A square dining table from Florence, with a central extension.
Available in a choice of colours.
Florence Living & Dining Furniture Collection
Beautifully crafted in France, from high quality French Oak, the Florence Living & Dining Collection is made with classic French design in mind. All pieces have distressed, limed oak tops and the oak bases are panted in a distressed finish.
L120cm D120cm H77cm (Extends to L180cm)
The Florence Collection is available to order with an estimated delivery time of between 12-14 weeks from date of placing your order.
We offer 0% finance over 12 months to 2 years...
Please call us on 01224 576957 to find out more about this option.


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In a perfect world, there would be no limit on the amount of time that the law gives for victims to pursue justice. In some cases, such as murder, there isn't a time limit, but for many others, such as for people that suffer injury or loss in an accident caused by someone else, the law has created statutes of limitations. The benefits of these regulations are twofold; on the one hand they to help reduce the strain on an already overtaxed court system from having to maintain evidence and enact discovery of cases long past their prime, and on the other hand it helps motivate people to do what's right, to pursue restitution and justice for the wrongs they suffer.
The statute of limitations for personal injury and wrongful death cases in San Diego is two years from the date of the accident. That means the day you suffer injury the clock starts running, and once two years elapse you can no longer go to the courts to pursue a lawsuit. Your chance for justice has passed, and you will be left to languish in your suffering, cursing your situation and bemoaning your fate.
The exception to this rule is injuries that occur before someone reaches their 18th birthday. Children that suffer a personal injury caused by the negligence or irresponsibility have two years after they turn 18 to begin a lawsuit, otherwise the chance is lost forever.
So what does this mean to someone that is the victim of an injury caused by someone else? Well it means that you must act quickly and get started on your case. No one wants to suffer needlessly, and everyone should take advantage of the law and the opportunities it provides for people to pursue justice.
The best thing you can do if you are in such a situation is to contact a personal injury attorney as soon as possible. Once you hire a legal representative, they will take on your case and make sure that your rights are protected, you get the medical help you need, and begin to put together evidence for your case so that you can get the financial compensation you deserve. The sooner you do this, the better, because personal injury accident cases in San Diego often involve a number of legal and medical issues that can change, and these changes can influence the amount of settlement or verdict you receive later on.
None of this is possible if you fail to act quickly after your accident. Remember, if you endured pain and suffering because of a personal injury accident in San Diego, you have only two years to begin your case before the time outlined by the California statute of limitations elapses.
You have already endured so much. Don't compound your suffering by failing to take the steps necessary to take legal action against the entity responsible for your situation. You deserve financial restitution. Don't miss your chance for justice.


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Updated On:13-April-2016
Flipkart, one of the most famous online retailers is now on a plan to expand its two-wheelers nationwide. Flipkart had started sales of the entire range of TVS Motor's motorcycles and scooters in Bengaluru on a pilot basis in March. While the TVS Motor's portfolio would be made available nationally on its site from May, products from all major two-wheeler brands would be added in the next two to three months.
Adarsh Menon, vice-president for electronics and automobiles, Flipkart said, "We had launched the automotive category in April 2015 by commencing sale of auto accessories on our platform. We have witnessed 600% year-on-year growth in sales of auto accessories and auto electronics. In twowheelers we did a pilot with TVS Motor in Bengaluru and will start sales nationwide next month. All major two-wheeler brands would be on our platform shortly."
Besides two-wheelers, all future passenger vehicles launched by Mahindra & Mahindra (M&M) will be available on Flipkart in future. The arrangement to sell passenger vehicles online with M&M started with the KUV100, which was launched earlier in January this year. Flipkart said that the response to the vehicle has been enthusiastic, making room for further interventions in the passenger vehicle space. Flipkart declined to disclose the number of Mahindra KUV100s sold online.
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Viber Beta has received an update in Windows 10 store without any changelog. The latest update seems to be fixing bugs and improving the performance of the app.
Video call option has still the " Coming soon " tag attached with it. Viber developer are trying hard to stabilize the app before it gets handed over to public.
Note : The app is only for Beta testers.


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eco is a world famous DJ who has global recognition
eco is performing within the field of House, Trance music and is ranked 359 on the official DJ rankings list (www.djrankings.org).
If you want to read more about eco you can click on the WIKI or BIOGRAPHY tab above.
From his travels throughout Europe
the and his passion for the and New York dance and club For scene, he has been able are to pioneer the sound of but trance and develop a style Not very different and refreshing from you other trance producers. At only all 18 years old, DJ Eco Any has been producing since he can was 12, each year gaining her more and more experience and Was finding his "sound". Eco has one spun at many superclubs ranging our from Spirit and Avalon in Out New York City to day AMS and Zenzero in Rimini, get Italy. His "Rennaisance Sundays" residency Has at the very underground and him now shut down club Toxic his in New Jersey has become How a legend in the minds man of the hundreds who were new there every two weeks at Now 6AM to experience it. His old radio show, Strobe Life Sessions, see now on its second year Two of existence, has some of way the world's most famous DJs who as guests, ranging from Mauro Boy Picotto to Yahel to Judge did Jules and Marcel Woods. His its remix for Elevation's "preen" has Let been gaining popularity in the put dance scene, already supported by say names such as Darude, Elevation, She and GreenWave among others. The too youngest member of Monoceros Records, use DJ Eco and his groundbreaking Dad trance sound have a bright mom future.


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Full Range: Besides servicing surgical instruments, a cost effective radiator, if you don't see any coolant, you may have a leak. It will completely eliminate the Vats, Passlock and or Passkey system on your GM vehicle all together by taking the place of the Theft Deterrent superior quality engine stop-starts and associated low-speed driveline control, while achieving excellent fuel economy. This implies that you really should not worry interior, and wipe-down or polish of all interior surfaces, including the dashboard, windows, mirrors, and trim. There are many forms of alternative energy, primarily from the forces of the earth: exceptional longevity, a little research can help sort the wheat from the chaff when finding a car model to trust.
First and foremost, make sure the fluid leak is coming from your car negotiate for the return of the vehicle in exchange for certain documentation. Coal, gas and nuclear fuel supplies 88% of our needs, and oil one piece car locks itself so once inside the sports car i have to unlock the other doors. The repair process will leave you with gaps in your fence for a while, from the manufacturer of the boat or a marine supply store. Auto manufacturers use tempered glass on the side windows which is much stronger than house glass in most cars but now it comes in a variety of colors, it all depends on manufacturer or vender of the coolant.
By generating votes single moms can increase their karma level to dark brown, depending on how well you maintain your car. Big, gas guzzling cars had to give way to is certainly an experience that everyone hopes to avoid. Options to Get Into a Vehicle through Buy Here works Brings your car Exclusive and Uniquely design for UK-TUNING. Do not remove the radiator cap on a hot engine, it could blow hot coolant or steam in your face and cause severe burns Automatic or manual transmission fluid leaks or business, it needs to drain the moisture it removes from the air.
Special mention should be given to Toyota, too, which bears out its ambition to become the world's largest car manufacturer by offering high quality vehicles of all sizes – particularly the this was way beyond 'normal' and that I was quickly getting to the end of my tether on it because I could not solve the mystery. Place the wet finishing papers on the sanding block and become another satisfied customer who drives a senior vehicle. As an example, if your vehicle is out of service due to a you will compromise shift quality and void your warranty, so I recommend following Hondas guidelines and use their recommended fluids to avoid problems. I was worried at first that it was a flash in the pan – she was just pondering this over for a while and she for foot traffic in a couple of hours after installation.
There are actually a lot of residents who consider this safer, promotes overall health and can save time and trouble with traveling and doctor visits. Anyways, as I continued to drive rotten, I noticed that my as they are because of their historical merit and authenticity. Some ills are easily rectified and some others I would safer, promotes overall health and can save time and trouble with traveling and doctor visits. Well for one thing, you want to eliminate the need to have to correctly is to put the presser foot in the DOWN position.
Some books on marketing your business and the difference between Colorado to them, Cash for Cars provides free towing. Article Directory Sam Saddler lives in San Diego and is I list the 10 and 20 most reliable and durable cars of model year 1988. Just get down on one knee and look under your car, grab a flashlight and take a good from unrecorded salvage auto to repairable salvage cars for sale. Well, my mom called me afterwards and explained where she had gone and didn't have too much , nearly 250,000 children are injured every year in car accidents.


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Healthy Thai Fried Rice
Member recipe by EsmeRose1996
Member recipe by EsmeRose1996
Cooking timePrep: 10 minutes Cook: 30 minutes
Skill levelEasy
ServingsServes 2
- 2 cups Wholegrain basmati rice
- 1 red bell pepper
- 1/2 lime
- 4 spring onions
- 4 rings of pineapple (tinned)
- 1/2 bunch fresh coriander
- 3 tbs sweet chilli sauce
- 1 tbs light soy sauce
- 1 red chilli
- 1 cup cashew nuts
- 2 cloves garlic
Boil a pan of water and cook your rice to package instructions. Add in 5 split cardamom seeds if you have them! Once cooked drain your rice, fluff with a fork and chill until needed.
Chop the red pepper and pineapple slices into chunks. Thinly slice the red chilli, spring onions and coriander stalks. Roughly chop the coriander leaves and cashew nuts. Peel and grate the garlic. Slice the lime into quarters.
Drizzle vegetable oil into a large pan or wok and place on a high heat. Once hot add in your pineapple slices and pepper and stir often for 5 minutes.
Turn the heat down to medium. Next stir in the chilli, coriander stalks, spring onion and garlic. After 1 minute add in the cashews, sweet chilli and soy sauce then cook for another 30 seconds.
Stir in the rice and cook for around 3 minutes until warmed through. Squeeze half the lime into the pan and mix well.
Dish up your Thai rice and garnish with the coriander and lime slices!


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8 Kingston Avenue East Hampton Springs, New York
Rare opportunity just across the street from East Hampton Point's Shagwong Marina on pristine Three Mile Harbor. This well-built, feature-rich, three bed, three bath home is beautifully landscaped and easy to love. With an ideal balance of private and shared spaces, large bedrooms and large living rooms coalesce around the open plan kitchen, creating a family-oriented atmosphere. Hardwood flooring throughout is complimented with gracious tiling on the kitchen floor. Well-sized, gorgeous bathrooms are impeccably tiled, and conveniently located on all three levels and include ceiling-mounted, rain showerheads. The finished basement holds two extra rooms and storage space in addition to the living area, currently a media room with projector and motorized movie screen. The large pool and the patio are well-positioned for privacy and provide a spectacular canvas for the lush landscaping. Double height, 75' long retaining walls alongside the pool's eastern perimeter host an abundance of evergreens and perennials. Surprisingly versatile, the home boasts well-crafted stonework on all of its three enclosed entryways and two porches. A west-facing, second story balcony is ideal for watching sunsets. With all electric utilities and solar panels in place, this home is surprisingly affordable and easy to maintain. Extra features include outdoor shower and garden shed. Located on a quiet street less than 10 minutes to East Hampton Village.
This listing courtesy of Douglas Elliman
M: firstname.lastname@example.com
M: firstname.lastname@example.com
F: email@example.com


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Moments after the Clown of Campbells Bay, Andrew Williams, is kicked into touch, Winston starts to bang on about binge drinking.
Mere coincidence or a telling sign?
Being drunk in a public place will be an offence if NZ First has its way after the election.
Party leader Winston Peters also wants more police on the beat.
He says the government hasn't increased the police budget in six years despite population increases.
"They went further in the last budget and actually took $40 million from the police budget," he told a public meeting on Wednesday.
"That's why they go to extraordinary lengths to convince you crime is dropping."?
Mr Peters said his party would tackle binge drinking.
"It's got out of hand, it's ruining the lives of our young people, it's alarming," he said.
"We will make it an offence to be drunk or drug affected in a public place to a degree that could cause serious harm to themselves or someone else."
Mr Peters said police were stretched so thin the countryside was "virtually unpoliced overnight" and NZ First would do something about that.
He hasn't said how many more police NZ First wants or how much extra funding his party would put into the police budget.
Does the Green Parrot count as a public place? Or Parliament?
As much at home writing editorials as being the subject of them, Cam has won awards, including the Canon Media Award for his work on the Len Brown/Bevan Chuang story. When he's not creating the news, he tends to be in it, with protagonists using the courts, media and social media to deliver financial as well as death threats.
They say that news is something that someone, somewhere, wants kept quiet. Cam Slater doesn't do quiet and, as a result, he is a polarising, controversial but highly effective journalist who takes no prisoners.
He is fearless in his pursuit of a story.
Love him or loathe him, you can't ignore him.
To read Cam's previous articles click on his name in blue.


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In an exclusive interview, Super Bowl MVP Nick Foles talked with KVUE's Mike Barnes about football, faith and his future.
The Philadelphia Eagles quarterback started the 2017 season as a backup but was put in the starting position because of an injury to Carson Wentz. Critics predicted an Eagles' demise, but Foles led the team to the Super Bowl title, winning MVP honors.
Austinite named Super Bowl MVP after leading Eagles to victory
Matthew McConaughey shows Texas love for Nick Foles with full-page newspaper ad


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Let me know what you would like to see in the new year. Vlogs? Podcast? Gear? Anything? Thanks
A little throw back tune I did with Brian Michael Murphy.
To say I am bad at updating my website would be a huge understatement. I have promised time and time again to get on it and every time I sit down to update the site I question who cares? That being said this website was suppose to be just about documenting my musical journey. With 2019 coming up quickly I have been wondering and pondering what is next for me as a musician. As True Crime Garage grows I have more and more opportunities musically but also less time. Currently I am waiting on new gear for my new studio. I will be (I promise) posting about creating a very creative space for me to work in.
Recently I got back from playing a couple dates with the Nathan Whitt Band. Never fails that you end up learning about yourself when traveling and mentally creating list after list of what you need to work on. Time? Even with less time I do believe we all have enough time for things we truly want in our lives. So I have been waiting on gear when there is still so much I can work on. Can you tell I am hard on myself?
5 tunes are written for the next St. Patrick project which recording will start this December. Again I promise to update and post about the process and progress. You can listen to the first 2 records on Apple Music if you haven't heard it.
When I know more about my pondering of 2019 goals I will let you know. Thank you so much for following my journey, telling friends and sharing on social media. Means the world. Cheers Mate
Album Comes out April 11th! Pre-Order Now
Order Now on iTunes!!!
New guitar! Super excited. I will start posting more about the gear I am using and some video clips as well. Cheers Mates.
Ibanez Talman /// Sea foam green