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A cross-party group of 34 MPs is calling for a Government review on the impact of inflation on compensation paid out by the Financial Assistance Scheme.
The FAS was set up to pay compensation related to workplace defined benefit pensions in insolvent companies which are ineligible for the Pension Protection Fund.
The Early Day Motion, sponsored by former welfare minister Frank Field and work and pensions select committee chair Anne Begg, says inflation has eroded the pension rights of those who are eligible for the FAS.
The FAS was set up in 1997 to make payments to members of pension schemes, or their surviving partners, that are winding-up or have wound-up.
The FAS helps people who were members of an under-funded defined benefit scheme that started to wind-up between January 1 1997 and April 5 2005. The scheme must not have enough money to pay members' benefits and the employer must be insolvent or no longer exists.
It will also compensate schemes that wound up after 5 April 2005 but who are ineligible for help from the Pension Protection Fund due to the employer becoming insolvent before this date.
The FAS was replaced by the Pension Protection Fund in 2005 and is managed by the PPF board.
It protects 145,000 people up to 90 per cent of the scheme value or a maximum of £31,380 a year from April 2013.
The EDM wants the Government to review the impact of inflation and whether it has watered down the FAS' commitment to pay 90 per cent. The MPs estimate it currently pays out 76 per cent of the value because of the impact of inflation.
It also argues some 3,000 FAS recipients were given small overpayments through inaccurate DWP calculations, which it is now seeking to recover. The MPs want DWP to waive the clawback.
In addition, the MPs want to ensure all accrued pension rights should be honoured with no changes made to pension rights already been built up.
The EDM states: "The FAS introduced by the previous Labour administration afforded 90 per cent of pension rights but due to inflation erosion and indexation being limited to post 1997 service only, is now in real terms nearer to 76 per cent of what was a guaranteed 100 per cent company pension, meaning that a pension promise made has not been kept.
"This House calls on the Government to review the extent to which the commitment to 90 per cent of expected pension entitlement has not been reached for those involved in the FAS."


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Drug manufacturers are responsible for making sure that drugs are safe before they hit the market. If they find out that the drug causes side effects, then they are required to list the side effects on the label. However, in … Continued
Monthly Archives: February 2017
Trucking accidents are vehicle collisions that involve eighteen-wheelers, tractor trailers, and other commercial vehicles that cause property damage or personal injury. Statistics by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration show that collisions involving large commercial trucks in one year caused … Continued
Do you need a Defense Attorney for an Accidental Shooting? Both Georgia and South Carolina have gun laws that, for all practical purposes, allow almost anyone to own a firearm and to use their weapons if confronted with a perceived … Continued
EXCLUSIVE: Once again, Atty. Mark Tate finds himself seeking restitution for alleged sexual abuse, but this time, the former Priest is alleged to have taken his life last week
By Lou Phelps, Savannah Business Journal January 22, 2017 – He has earned a deserved reputation of effectively representing the victims of sexual predators, including by priests and religious leaders, and gained large monetary settlements for his clients. He now finds … Continued
A tort refers to a wrongful act committed against a person and causing them injury. The injured person can seek compensation from the one who injured them. Tort law sets out the rules concerning whether one can be held liable … Continued

subset: commoncrawl


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The best-looking VW hatch in years will never reach US enthusiasts.
We all know that Volkswagen opted not to send its slick-looking third-gen Scirocco stateside. As much of a shame that is, it's even more painful to not have the Scirocco R. Powered by a 2.0-liter TSI four pot with 261 horsepower and 258 lb-ft of torque, this three-door hatchback might not be as practical as its gen five Golf cousin on which it's based, but most of you will agree that it looks better, even sexier.
What the Scirocco R does offer is a choice between a six-speed manual or a six-speed automatic and some real driving fun all wrapped up in a body designed by the man who penned the also gorgeous Audi A5. VW has hinted time and again the US may get the Scirocco. At this point, sadly, the third-gen Scirocco is already too old to be brought to market. A new Scirocco is now in development, so here's hoping it'll come stateside in both base and R trims.


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Before integrating TrackDuck with Trello, be sure you have at least one project in Trello. If you do not have any projects in Trello yet, create one before following the setup guide.
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4. Copy your API token from the appeared window
5. Go back to the Trello integration settings, paste the API token into the corresponding field and click Save
6. Configure the integration settings according to your needs and click Start data synchronization
Congratulations! You have successfully set up the integration with Trello.
Do you still have some questions? Drop us a line at [email protected] and we'll answer them all.


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Top Rated Asbury Park Community School
At Voyagers' Community School, we believe that every child should have the opportunity to grow and learn in a safe and caring environment. We offer an environment that is rich with learning experiences and challenges that encourage and inspire each child to reach their fullest potential. Children graduating from Voyagers' Community School have a keen understanding of the world around them, coupled with a desire to have a positive impact on it.
Our Educational Philosophy
We've taken the best features of a number of progressive learning strategies, and combined them into a cohesive program that addresses the needs of the whole child. Our students are treated as the individuals that they are. Their interests, strengths and ideas are considered when putting together their curriculum. The curriculum is inspired by a unique blend of the following methodologies:
- Play based approach combined with structure and routines (e.g. Waldorf)
- Child centered, using play as a teacher (e.g. Montessori schools)
- Project based curricula, based on the interests of each child (e.g. Reggio Emilia)
- Socratic Seminar Method that challenges students to develop their critical thinking and analytic skills.
- A holistic approach to learning wherein each child is encouraged to discover their place in the community and the natural world. This learning philosophy encourages the development of humanitarian values such as peace and compassion.
Throughout the day, children are given opportunities to experience new and different things. When something sparks a child's interests, they're encouraged to explore and find out more. This could mean researching topics at the library, or "hands-on" activities designed to help children process the information they've gathered. At Voyager's, children love to spend time in our outdoor classroom. They enjoy the opportunity for nature walks, boating, fishing, orienteering and hikes, learning as they observe and study the flora and fauna surrounding them.
Benefits of Our Method
At Voyagers', children are surrounded by a community of caring staff, teachers and parents. Free to explore their natural curiosity and creativity, children develop a love of learning that follows them throughout their lives. Students learn in a mixed age classroom setting, which has been shown to foster independence, boost self-esteem and create an environment of respect and encouragement. As our curriculum is child led, there's a true engagement from each child in their own education as they're interested in what they're learning.
Why Asbury Park?
Residents of Asbury Park and individuals in nearby Ocean Grove, Belmar and Avon-by-the-sea are deeply committed to the education of the children in their communities. They understand that children excel in an environment that's rich with experiences and opportunities to connect with the world around them. Our child led, progressive curriculum focuses on all aspects of a child's growth and development. High school graduates leaving our facility grow to be outstanding citizens. They develop strength of character and a tenacity to always do their best. They've also learned compassion for others and a willingness to take part in the world around them. Voyagers' offers the following programs to children living in Asbury Park and surrounding areas:
To learn more about what Voyagers' Community School can do for your child, or to start the registration process, feel free to reach out to us online or call us at 732-842-1660.


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|Posted by Realtimeattack on March 9, 2011 at 12:23 PM
We have been getting some people contact us with the confusion of registering with us for the event on april 17th 2011. so I want to make this very clear so that this way it is done right and save us all time and we can get this done correctly the first time. In order to register for the April 17th event you must visit www.realtimeattack.com and go to the "pre-registration" page and pay the $250 to race then after that you fill out the racer form so we can have your information for the event. although you must be a nasa member to race for Real Time Attack you MUST register at the Real Time Attack's site to be submitted and entered in our event, not the nasa site. If you have any questions please email us at
firstname.lastname@example.com and we will walk you thru the process if needed.
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- Research article
- Open Access
Contribution of the non-effector members of the HrpL regulon, iaaL and matE, to the virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in tomato plants
- Melissa G. Castillo-Lizardo†1, 2,
- Isabel M. Aragón†1,
- Vivian Carvajal3,
- Isabel M. Matas1, 4,
- María Luisa Pérez-Bueno3,
- María-Trinidad Gallegos3,
- Matilde Barón3 and
- Cayo Ramos1Email authorView ORCID ID profile
© Castillo-Lizardo et al. 2015
- Received: 7 May 2015
- Accepted: 6 August 2015
- Published: 19 August 2015
The phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is widely distributed among plant-associated bacteria. Certain strains of the Pseudomonas syringae complex can further metabolize IAA into a less biologically active amino acid conjugate, 3-indole-acetyl-ε-L-lysine, through the action of the iaaL gene. In P. syringae and Pseudomonas savastanoi strains, the iaaL gene is found in synteny with an upstream gene, here called matE, encoding a putative MATE family transporter. In P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, a pathogen of tomato and Arabidopsis plants, the HrpL sigma factor controls the expression of a suite of virulence-associated genes via binding to hrp box promoters, including that of the iaaL gene. However, the significance of HrpL activation of the iaaL gene in the virulence of Pto DC3000 is still unclear.
A conserved hrp box motif is found upstream of the iaaL gene in the genomes of P. syringae strains. However, although the promoter region of matE is only conserved in genomospecies 3 of this bacterial group, we showed that this gene also belongs to the Pto DC3000 HrpL regulon. We also demonstrated that the iaaL gene is transcribed both independently and as part of an operon with matE in this pathogen. Deletion of either the iaaL or the matE gene resulted in reduced fitness and virulence of Pto DC3000 in tomato plants. In addition, we used multicolor fluorescence imaging to visualize the responses of tomato plants to wild-type Pto DC3000 and to its ΔmatE and ΔiaaL mutants. Activation of secondary metabolism prior to the development of visual symptoms was observed in tomato leaves after bacterial challenges with all strains. However, the observed changes were strongest in plants challenged by the wild-type strain, indicating lower activation of secondary metabolism in plants infected with the ΔmatE or ΔiaaL mutants.
Our results provide new evidence for the roles of non-type III effector genes belonging to the Pto DC3000 HrpL regulon in virulence.
- Tomato Plant
- matE Gene
- Tomato Leave
- Lysogeny Broth
- Competition Index
The ability to produce the auxin phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is widespread among soil and plant-associated bacteria. As more bacterial species have been analyzed, the roles of auxins in bacterial interactions with plants appear to be diverse, varying from pathogenesis to phytostimulation [1]. The best-characterized IAA biosynthetic pathway in phytopathogenic bacteria is the indole-3-acetamide pathway. In this pathway, the genetic determinants involved in the conversion of L-tryptophan (Trp) to IAA are Trp monooxygenase (encoded by the iaaM gene), which converts Trp to indole-3-acetamide (IAM), and IAM hydrolase (encoded by the iaaH gene), which catalyzes the transformation of IAM to IAA. These two genes have been cloned and characterized for phytopathogenic bacteria such as Agrobacterium spp. and Pseudomonas savastanoi [2, 3]. P. savastanoi pv. nerii, the causal agent of oleander (Nerium oleander) knot disease, also converts IAA to indole-acetyl-ε-L-lysine (IAA-Lys), a less biologically active compound as estimated in a coleoptile elongation assay [4–6]. This conversion involves the enzyme IAA-Lys synthase, encoded by the iaaL gene [7–9]. Although most P. syringae pathovars produce detectable amounts of IAA in the presence of Trp [10], IAA synthesis usually involves different genes than iaaM and iaaH [10–12]. In contrast, iaaL is widespread in P. syringae pathovars and is often found in plasmids [7, 10, 13]. Inactivation of the iaaL gene by transposon mutagenesis in P. savastanoi pv. nerii resulted in the accumulation of IAA in the culture medium; however, this mutant did not cause typical knot symptoms, probably due to its inability to multiply within host tissues [8].
P. syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, which causes bacterial specks on tomatoes and can infect the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana, is an important model for the study of plant-pathogen interactions [14–16]. The ability of DC3000 to infect host plants depends on numerous genes expressed by the HrpL alternative sigma factor. The Pto DC3000 HrpL regulon includes genes involved in the hypersensitive response and others encoding the pathogenicity (Hrp) type III secretion system (T3SS) machinery, a repertoire of type III effector proteins [15, 17–19], as well as genes encoding factors unrelated to the T3SS, such as iaaL (PSPTO_0371) and the genes for coronatine synthesis [17–21]. A recent analysis of the role of the Pto DC3000 iaaL gene in the infection of N. benthamiana plants concluded that an iaaL deletion mutant did not exhibit phenotypic differences in terms of in planta growth, virulence, or hypersensitive response (HR) compared to the wild type strain [20]. Conversely, although the genome of Pto DC3000 encodes two coding sequences (CDS) that are likely involved in auxin production [14, 22], the roles of these genes in IAA biosynthesis have not been demonstrated yet [11]. Thus, the significance of HrpL activation of the iaaL gene in the virulence of Pto DC3000 is still unclear.
A reporter transposon screen for HrpL-activated genes in Pto DC3000 identified several genes, including iaaL, that were linked to novel variations of the canonical sequence for Hrp boxes [17] found in HrpL-dependent promoters [23]. Further analysis of the transposon mutants revealed that the upstream promoter-proximal ORF encoded a putative MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) family transporter gene (PSPTO_0370) [17]. Recently, overexpression of HrpL in Pto DC3000 was shown to induce the expression of this putative MATE transporter gene, suggesting that it is part of the Pto DC3000 HrpL regulon [18]. Efflux pumps associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) contribute to bacterial survival in plant tissues via the removal of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, isoprenoids, and alkaloids, which are present in healthy plant tissues or synthesized de novo in response to pathogen attack [24, 25]. MDR efflux pumps have been shown to contribute to the colonization of host plants by bacterial phytopathogens, including P. syringae strains [26, 27]; however, little evidence has been found for the contribution of MATE transporters to the virulence of bacterial phytopathogens [28].
The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of the iaaL gene and of the putative MATE family transporter gene, hereafter called matE, located just upstream of iaaL, both in wild-type Pto DC3000 and in a knock-out ΔhrpL mutant generated by gene replacement. The roles of these genes in the virulence of Pto DC3000 during infection of tomato plants was analyzed, not only in terms of the pathogen-induced symptomatology observed in tomato leaves but also prior to the development of symptoms. To analyze the pre-symptomatic responses of tomato plants to bacterial infection, we used multicolor fluorescence imaging (MCFI), a technique that allows visualization of the activation of plant secondary metabolism in response to pathogen infection.
Bacterial strains, plasmids, and culture medium
Strains and plasmids used in this work
P. syringae pv. tomato
This work
This work
This work
E. coli
E. coli DH5α
F-, ϕ80dlacZ M15, (lacZYA-argF) U169, deoR, recA1, endA,
hsdR17 (rk − mk −), phoA, supE44, thi-1, gyrA96, relA1.
pGEM-T Easy Vector
Ampr, ori f1, lacZ
Promega, USA
pGEM-T Vector
Ampr, ori f1, lacZ
Promega, USA
Contains Kmr from pKD4 (Ampr Kmr)
Expression Vector, Tcr
Expression Vector, Tcr
pGEM-T derivative, contains approx. 0.5 kb on each side of the iaaL gene (Ampr)
This work
pGEM-T derivative, contains approx. 0.5 kb on each side of the hrpL gene (Ampr)
This work
pGEM-T derivative, contains approx. 0.5 kb on each side of the mat gene (Ampr)
This work
pGEM-T derivative, contains approx. 0.5 kb on each side of the iaaL gene interrupted by the kanamycin resistance gene nptII (Amp r , Km r )
This work
pGEM-T derivative, contains approx. 0.5 kb on each side of the hrpL gene interrupted by the kanamycin resistance gene nptII (Ampr, Kmr)
This work
pGEM-T derivative, contains approx. 0.5 kb on each side of the matE gene interrupted by the kanamycin resistance gene nptII (Ampr, Kmr)
This work
pMP220 derivative, contains the lacZ gene expressed from the PmatE promoter (Tcr)
This work
pMP220 derivative, contains the lacZ gene expressed from the PiaaL promoter (Tcr)
This work
pJB3 derivative, contains the matE gene with RBS
This work
pJB3 derivative, contains the iaaL gene with RBS
This work
Preparation of total RNA
RNA was extracted from cultures grown on M9 minimal media supplemented with 5 mM mannitol [30, 31] and ferric citrate at 0.0006 %. The cells were pelleted at exponential phase, i.e., when they reached an optical density of 0.5 at 660 nm (OD660nm). The pellets were processed for RNA isolation using TriPure Isolation Reagent (Roche Applied Science; Mannheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions with the following exceptions: the TRIPure was preheated to 65 °C, the lysis step was carried out at 65 °C and BCP (1-bromo-3-chloropropane) (Molecular Research Center; Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.) was used instead of chloroform. The RNA concentration was determined spectrophotometrically, and its integrity was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Total RNA was treated with a TURBO DNA-free™-Kit (Applied Biosystems; California, U.S.A.) as detailed by the manufacturer. Subsequently, the samples were tested for genomic contamination by PCR.
Primer extension analysis
DNA-free RNA, prepared as described above, was heat-treated at 80 °C for 5 min. Subsequently, 30 μg of RNA was annealed at 75 °C for 10 min, and then the temperature was allowed to slowly decrease to 60 °C within 30 min. Annealing was performed in a buffer containing 100 mM NaCl and 50 mM Tris-Cl at pH 7.5. The specific primers (Additional file 4: Table S1) and the φX174 DNA/HinfI dephosphorylated marker were labeled using [γ32-P]ATP (3000 Ci/mmol) (PerkinElmer; Boston, USA) and T4 polynucleotide kinase, according to the manufacturer's instructions for the Primer Extension System-AMV Reverse Transcriptase (Promega; Madison, USA). Runoff reverse transcription reactions were performed for 1 h at 60 °C using 15 units of ThermoScript™ RNase H- (Invitrogen; California, USA) in its provided buffer (complemented with 1 mM of each dNTP and 5 mM DTT). Reactions were stopped by the addition of one volume of loading dye (Promega; Madison, USA) and were analyzed on 6 % polyacrylamide sequencing gels containing 8 M urea. The results were visualized either using X-ray films or exposure for 24 h to Imaging Plates (IP BAS-MP 2040S), which were analyzed with a Fujifilm-BAS 1500 (Fuji; Tokyo, Japan).
Transcription initiation mapping by 5′cRACE
The transcription start site of matE was determined using the 5′cRACE method [32–34]. cDNA synthesis was performed using total DNA-free RNA, obtained as described above. One microgram of this RNA was used as a template to synthesize first-strand cDNA using a SMART™ RACE cDNA Amplification synthesis kit (Clontech; California, USA), and a gene-specific primer was designed to anneal within the coding region of the gene (Additional file 4: Table S1). The reactions proceeded for 90 min at 42 °C. Then, they were diluted 10-fold in water, and 1 μl of these dilutions were used as templates in 20-μl PCR reactions. The PCR cycles were as follows: 5 cycles for 30 s at 94 °C; 3 min at 72 °C; 5 cycles for 30 s at 94 °C; 30 s at 70 °C; 3 min at 72 °C; 25 cycles for 30 s at 94 °C; 30 s at 68 °C; 3 min at 72 °C. The amplification products were cloned into the pGEM®-T Easy Vector (Promega; Madison, USA) and sequenced.
DNA-free RNA was reverse transcribed using random hexamers included in the iScript™ cDNA synthesis kit (BioRad; California, USA). Afterwards, PCR reactions were performed with GoTaq® polymerase (Promega; Madison, USA) using 100 ng of cDNA as a template and specific primers detailed in Additional file 4: Table S1. Products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
β-galactosidase activity assays
β-galactosidase activity was measured from DNA fragments cloned into the expression vector pMP220 [35] using the methods developed [29] and modified previously [36]. In summary, cells carrying the plasmids were cultured in LB media supplemented with 10 μg/ml tetracycline. Grown cultures were harvested by centrifugation and washed three times with 0.9 % NaCl. Finally, cultures were adjusted to an OD600nm of 0.5 and cultured in minimal media as described above [30, 31].
To measure β-galactosidase activity, 200 μl of each culture were lysed with 100 μl of chloroform and 50 μl of 0.1 % SDS and were then mixed with 800 μl of Z buffer (40 mM Na2HPO4, 40 mM NaH2PO4, 10 mM KCl, pH 7.0 and 50 mM β-mercaptoethanol, added just before use). After mixing, samples were incubated at room temperature for 5 min. Then, 200 μl of Z buffer containing 4 mg/ml o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) were added. The samples were then incubated at room temperature for 30–60 min until they turned yellow. Afterwards, reactions were stopped with 500 μl of 1 M Na2CO3, and the absorbance was measured at 420 and 550 nm. In addition, absorbance at 600 nm was measured in the initial culture. The enzymatic activity (in Miller units) was determined with the equation [(A420 − 1.7*A550)*1000]/(V*A600*t) [29], where AXXX is the absorbance at 420, 550 and 600 nm, V is the volume of the culture in ml and t is the time of the reaction in minutes.
Generation of knockout mutants
Plasmids pIAC1, pIAC2, and pIAC3 were generated to obtain ΔiaaL, ΔhprL, and ΔmatE mutant strains, respectively. DNA fragments of approximately 0.5 kb corresponding to 5′ and 3′ regions flanking the target gene were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega; Madison, USA). This fragment was generated with three rounds of PCR amplification using the method described by [37]. All plasmids were sequenced to verify the absence of mutations.
Following sequencing, plasmids were labeled with the nptII kanamycin resistance gene flanked by FRT (flippase recognition target) sites. The fragment containing this gene sequence was obtained from the plasmids pGEM-T-KmFRT-BamHI or pGEM-T-KmFRT-EcoRI (Table 1). The fragments resulting from digestion were cloned into the BamHI or EcoRI sites of vectors derived from pGEM-T containing previously amplified fragments.
Plasmids pIAC1, pIAC2 and pIAC3 (Table 1) were transformed by electroporation into the Pto DC3000 strain. Transformants were selected on LB media supplemented with kanamycin (15 μg/ml). Replica plates of the resulting colonies were created in plates with ampicillin (300 μg/ml) to determine whether each transformant was the result of a single recombination event (integration plasmid, AmpR) or a double recombination event (allelic exchange, AmpS). Southern Blot analysis using a sequence complementary to a target gene as a probe was used to confirm whether allelic exchange had occurred in the correct location of the genome and that only one copy of the construct was inserted.
Virulence assays and symptom quantification in tomato plants
Seeds of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum var. Moneymaker) were germinated and grown in a growth chamber with a 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod at 24/18 °C day/night and at 70 % relative humidity. Bacteria were grown on LB agar plates for 48 h at 28 °C and resuspended in 10 mM MgCl2 at an OD600nm of 0.5, corresponding to about 108 colony forming units (CFU) per ml. Further serial dilutions were carried out to obtain suspensions for inoculations with different doses. Four to 5-week-old plants were inoculated by infiltrating bacterial suspensions into the intracellular spaces. Infiltration was achieved by pressing the bacterial suspension against the leaf with a 2-ml syringe without the needle. The negative control plants were mock-inoculated with a 10 mM MgCl2 solution. Each plant was infiltrated in three leaflets of the same leaf, and the infiltrated (IF) area covered half of the midrib on the right side of the main vein. The other halves of those leaflets were analyzed as non-infiltrated (NIF) areas. The evolution of disease symptoms was recorded at 2, 4, 7 and 9 days post-inoculation (dpi). Bacteria were recovered from the infected leaves using a 10-mm diameter cork borer. Five disks (3.9 cm2) per plant were homogenized via mechanical disruption in 1 ml of 10 mM MgCl2, and the CFU per cm2 were counted by plating serial dilutions on LB plates with corresponding antibiotics. Quantification of necrotic lesions was performed at 9 dpi using the image analysis software Visilog 6.3 (Noesis; Courtaboeuf, France). Data were represented as the ratios of necrotic lesions per total leaf area.
Competition assays in tomato plants
Competition assays were performed by mixing cultures of mutants and wild-type strains with an OD660nm of 0.5 in a 1:1 ratio. Four to 5-week-old tomato plants were inoculated with 5 × 104 CFU/ml mixed bacterial suspensions using a 2-ml syringe without the needle. Serial dilutions of the inocula were plated in LB with and without 15 μg/ml kanamycin for the selection of mutant and wild-type strains, respectively. Four days post-inoculation, bacteria were recovered from the infected leaves by grinding the tissue with 1 ml of 10 mM MgCl2, and the CFU per cm2 were counted by plating serial dilutions on LB plates amended with the corresponding antibiotics. A competitive index (CI) was calculated by dividing the output ratio (CFU mutant:CFU wild-type) by the input ratio (CFU mutant:CFU wild-type). The competition indices shown are the means of three replicates showing typical results from two independent experiments, i.e. six replicates in total. Statistical analysis of CI values was carried out using Student's t test and the hypothesis that the mean index was not significantly different from 1.0 (P-value = 0.005).
Fluorescence imaging
Fluorescence images of the adaxial (AD) surfaces of leaves were captured with the customized fluorescence imaging system Open FluorCam FC 800-O (Photon Systems Instruments, Brno, Czech Republic). Autofluorescence emission of the leaves was excited with a UV source (360 nm), and the F440, F520 and F690 images were acquired sequentially from identical fields of view according to [38]. Black and white images of both measured fluorescence intensity and the calculated fluorescence ratio (F440⁄F690) are shown using a false color scale. Images and numerical data from regions of interest were processed with FluorCam software version 220.127.116.11 (PSI Systems, Brno, Czech Republic). Measurements were carried out in mock-control and bacterial-challenged plants at 2, 4, 7, and 9 dpi. Four plants per treatment were analyzed, and the experiment was carried out three times with similar results.
Results and discussion
Genomic context analysis of the iaaL and matE loci in P. syringae and P. savastanoi
The existence of hrp box promoter sequences upstream of both the iaaL and matE genes has been reported in Pto DC3000 [17–20]. However, these two hrp box motifs were defined as non-canonical [17, 18, 20]. Although polymorphisms in hrp box sequences have been correlated with the loss of HrpL-dependent expression [18], the divergent hrp box promoter of the iaaL gene [19] actually binds HrpL and promotes HrpL-dependent transcription [20]. Interestingly, the promoter sequence of the iaaL gene is encoded within the 3′ end of the matE gene in Pto DC3000 (Fig. 1b), suggesting that it could be constrained by the genetic code. Indeed, multi-sequence alignment of the iaaL promoter showed a conserved 5′-GGAACC-N20-TCAT-3′ motif in the genomes of all P. syringae strains analyzed, including members of genomospecies 2, 3 and 4 (Fig. 1b). Other hrp box promoters found embedded within their upstream encoded ORFs include PSPTO_2130 and its orthologs, which are also members of the non-effector genes included in the P. syringae HrpL regulon [18].
In terms of the promoter region of matE, a highly conserved hrp box motif, 5′-GGAACT-N19-TCAG-3′, was found in the strains of genomospecies 3 and exhibited a slight variation in its −35 box (5′-GGAGCT-3′) in P. syringae pv. oryzae (Por) 1_6 (genomospecies 4, MLST group 4). However, although the putative −10 region of this promoter (5′-TCAG-3′) was also conserved in all strains included in genomospecies 2, a consensus −35 region was not found in the genomes analyzed (Fig. 1b), suggesting a possible loss of HrpL regulation of the matE promoter in this genomospecies. Transcription of the matE gene has been shown to be upregulated in response to HrpL overexpression both in Pto DC3000 (genomospecies 3) and Por 1_6 (genomospecies 4) [18], suggesting that the polymorphisms observed between these genomospecies in the −35 hrp box of matE do not seem to alter HrpL-dependent transcription of this gene. Low conservation of the −35 region has been observed for other promoters regulated by extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors, of which HrpL is an example [44, 45], and also for RpoD-dependent promoters [46, 47], However, downregulation of matE in a ΔhrpL background has not yet been reported for any P. syringae strain.
The iaaL gene is transcribed both independently and in formation in an operon with the matE gene
RNA-Seq combined with Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology have been used to identify 5′-ends of transcripts in Pto DC3000 grown in iron-limited MG medium, including those corresponding to the iaaL gene [33, 34]. Moreover, transcriptome profiling using RNA-seq coupled with the GENE-counter software package [48] recently expanded characterization of the HrpL regulon from six P. syringae strains, including Pto DC3000, and pointed again at the iaaL and matE genes as members of this regulon [18]. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and RNA-Seq was used to identify HrpL-binding sites and likely hrp promoters, including that of the iaaL gene [20]. Despite the growing use of RNA-Seq as a high-throughput strategy to analyze the transcriptome of Pto DC3000 on a global scale, very few confirmed transcriptional start sites have been reported for this model pathogen [34]. With the experimental aim of confirming the transcription start sites of both the iaaL and matE genes in Pto DC3000, we first used primer extension analysis and then 5′RACE. The transcription start site of iaaL was located just three nucleotides downstream of the 3′ end of its proximal hrp box promoter, at the C located 79 bp upstream of its start codon (Additional file 2: Figure S2). This position is placed two nucleotides upstream and one nucleotide downstream, respectively, of those previously determined [20, 34]. Extension of several primers complementary to the matE sequence yielded no amplification products. However, the transcription initiation site of the matE gene was identified by 5′RACE at the G located 66 bp upstream of its start codon (Additional file 2: Figure S2). This start site is identical to one of the two possible sites proposed by [34] and is located 17 bp downstream of the 3′ end of its proximal hrp box promoter (Fig. 1). A detailed analysis of the transcription start sites of HrpL-regulated promoters determined in Pto DC3000 by [34] revealed that most of them, 39 of the 49 identified, were located at a distance within 2–4 bp to the proximal hrp box promoter; the remaining distances from the start sites ranged from 0 to 75 bp (Additional file 3: Figure S3).
Transcription from the P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 P matE promoter is HrpL-dependent
The activity of the P iaaL promoter increased after 6 h and remained moderately stable from 24 to 56 h, reaching a maximum level of approximately 200 Miller units after 72 h. In agreement with other authors [20], the activity of this promoter was fully dependent on HrpL, as ß-galactosidase activity levels obtained in the ΔhrpL mutant were generally similar to those of the negative control (Fig. 3b). In summary, expression from both P matE and P iaaL is dependent on HrpL and is induced in late stationary phase, although the induction levels of P matE are approximately 2.5 times higher than P iaaL under the conditions tested. Although analysis of P. syringae virulence has primarily focused on the characterization and function of the T3SS and its effector proteins, a role in virulence has also been demonstrated for other non-effector genes regulated by HrpL, e.g., the Pto DC300 corR [17, 51] and aprI [20, 52] genes and the PSPPH_A0106-A0112 operon of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A [18]. In the light of these findings, the possible roles of the matE and iaaL genes in the survival and virulence of Pto DC3000 in tomato plants were analyzed.
The iaaL and matE genes are required for full virulence of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in tomato plants
Figure 4b shows the symptoms in tomato leaves caused by wild-type Pto DC3000 and the ΔiaaL and ΔmatE mutants at 9 dpi. Moreover, image analysis of infected leaves was also performed at 9 dpi, allowing the quantification of the symptoms induced as the ratio of necrotic lesions/total leaf area (Fig. 4c). At 9 dpi, chlorosis of the tissue induced by wild-type Pto DC3000 covered the entire inoculated area, and the necrotic lesions covered approximately 6 % of the total leaf area. In contrast, leaves inoculated with the ΔmatE or ΔiaaL mutants developed late chlorosis and exhibited significantly fewer necrotic lesions than those caused by the wild-type strain (approximately 0.8 and 1.2 % of the total leaf area, respectively) (Fig. 4b and c). Therefore, both matE and iaaL are needed for growth and fitness of Pto DC3000 in tomato leaves, which also have an effect on its virulence.
It has been recently studied whether some of the non-effector genes identified as new members of the Pto DC3000 HrpL regulon contributed to pathogenicity. For that, deletion mutants were constructed (on wild-type Pto DC3000 and ΔhopQ1-1 backgrounds) for seven candidates, including the iaaL gene. Despite the fact that the annotated functions of all seven genes were elusive in terms of plant association, no phenotypic differences were observed for in planta growth, virulence, or HR for any of these mutants in Nicotiana benthamiana plants [20]. In addition to differences in the experimental design of these two pathogenicity tests, the iaaL gene may have a relevant role in the interaction of this pathogen with tomato plants and not with N. benthamiana, a host plant for a mutant lacking the T3SS effector HopQ1-1 but not for wild-type Pto DC3000 [54]. On the other hand, MatE most likely contributes to the intrinsic bacterial resistance to toxic compound(s) produced by tomato plants, thus promoting Pto DC3000 survival during infection. Since the matE gene was shown to be induced in planta [21], the contribution of MatE to bacterial resistance might be emphasized in this case.
Multicolor fluorescence imaging of infected tomato plants
After the complete genome sequencing of Pto DC3000, the application of several high-throughput experimental screens and bioinformatics approaches allowed the identification of a suite of genes regulated by the sigma factor HrpL in this model bacterial phytopathogen. In addition to the genes required for the biosynthesis of T3SS and its effectors, other non-effector regulon members with diverse functions were also identified, including the iaaL gene and the putative MATE family transporter gene here called matE. In this work, we show that the iaaL gene, which is highly conserved within the P. syringae complex, is found in synteny with the matE gene in the genome of P. syringae and P. savastanoi strains belonging to genomospecies 2, 3 and 4. We demonstrate that in Pto DC3000, both of these genes encode upstream hrp box-like promoters that are HrpL-dependent. We also present evidence for the cotranscription of iaaL and matE (matE-iaaL operon) in this pathogen. Finally, we show that deletion of either the iaaL or the matE gene in Pto DC3000 results in decreased fitness, colonization and virulence, together with a lower activation of secondary metabolism in infected tomato plants.
This research was supported by the Spanish Plan Nacional I+D+i grants AGL2011-30343-CO2-01, AGL2014-53242-C2-1-R and BIO2007-67874-C02-02 as well as by grants ref. P08-CVI-03475 and P12-AGR-0370 from the Junta de Andalucía (Spain). A. de Vicente and V. Carrión (University of Malaga, Spain) are thanked for help with the analysis of virulence in tomato plants and for assistance with 5′-RACE, respectively. We thank Manuela Vega [Servicio Centrales de Apoyo a la Investigación (SCAI), University of Malaga, Spain] for excellent assistance with the image analysis of knot volumes. We also thank M. Pineda (EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain) for fruitful discussions and technical help with imaging techniques.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors' Affiliations
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text: Tobias Evans has been unemployed for quite some time. Like many long-term unemployed individuals, he just could not quite find the right fit – then along came a position with the Town of Cofield! Evans will be working in the Public Works Department and is excited to begin his new journey. By utilizing reimbursement funds offered through our On-the-Job (OJT) Training Program, we are able to assist the Town as they work to skill-up Evans. It is through the OJT Program that we can support individuals to gain employment, while the employer provides the training. If you are interested in our OJT Program or others services we can provide, please contact Lou Stout, Business Engagement Coordinator, at 252-974-2446 or email@example.com.


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Brand Identity
Back Download
The name of the home interior lighting brand HOMVIT combines the English word "home", a person's most relaxing space, with the Korean word "vit", which stands for "light", the bright and joyous element that increases a home's value. Accordingly, the brand identity design shows a combination of English and Korean elements as well. The symbol consists of the logo in English lettering together with three pictograms embodying the Korean characters expressing "home", "people" and "spreading light". The square as frame represents space. In addition, the dark brown background colour communicates the warm and comfortable character of the lighting product range well, symbolising darkness, while the ivory coloured signs, at the same time, represent light.
- Client:Techsign Light Panel, Gongju City, South Chungcheong Province
- Design:brand&Branders, Seoul
- Creative Direction:In Sook Jeong
- Art Direction:Dong Jin Jang
- Graphic Design:So Yul Kwon, Da Ran Park
- Project Management:Hyun Ji Kim
- Account Management:Hye Jin Yoo


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Unmitigated Gal ~ Jacquie Phelan ~ 2017
Calendar January 2017 (12 Months)
Price: $29.99
Prints in 3-5 business days
Join fashion criminal and legendary mountain bike champ Jacquie Phelan (aka Alice B. Toeclips) on a twelve month WOMBAT style parade. Honorary wombat Quentin Crisp observed "dressing with style is akin to issuing a manifesto; dressing fashionably is like signing a petition." Photos taken by Rock-and-Roll photographer Anne Cutler in and around Jacquie's home town of Fairfax, CA.
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- Product ID
- 22887185
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Portfolio Manager Michelle Borré diversifies her mutual fund portfolios by making extensive use of a wide variety of alternative investment strategies and assets, which are sometimes used in non-traditional ways.
While Michelle believes that stocks and bonds may not deliver the exceptional returns they delivered in the past, in her opinion certain alternative investment strategies that rely on manager skill have the potential to deliver attractive returns with lower volatility.
She uses the flexibility of alternative investment strategies to respond to a number of fundamental investment themes, including the slowing of China's growth profile and the decentralization of media. Both themes allowed her portfolio to take a position on changing fundamentals before they were well understood by the market.
Learn more in this Q&A with Michelle why alternative investment strategies that rely on manager skill have the potential to deliver attractive returns.
Follow @OppFunds for more news and commentary.
Fixed income investing entails credit and interest rate risks. When interest rates rise, bond prices generally fall, and the Fund's share prices can fall. Alternative asset classes may be volatile and are subject to liquidity risk. Asset allocation cannot eliminate the risk of fluctuating prices and uncertain returns. Foreign investments may be volatile and involve additional expenses and special risks, including currency fluctuations, foreign taxes and geopolitical risks.
These views represent the opinions of OppenheimerFunds, Inc. and are not intended as investment advice or to predict or depict the performance of any investment. These views are subject to change based on subsequent developments.


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This Beautiful Mountain Valley View Home is located above Montezuma in the quaint town of Las Delicias.
The property is 6000 m2 /1.3 Acres and borders the river on 2 sides of the property and a path down so you can swim there all year around.
The house measures 180 m2, tiles on the bottom floor and teak on the top. One bedroom and one bathroom downstairs and one bedroom and bathroom upstairs. Easy to make a 3rd bedroom upstairs.
The garage is 40 m2. Electricity 110 and 220. Telephone and internet.Sprinkler system with water from the river. The hole for the swimming pool is already made. Maybe you would like to come and see for yourself if there is anymore we need to write. Here is some photos...... Take care and thanks a lot. Let me know what else we need.
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Guest Rating:There is so much to love in this tastefully decorated, downtown condo. The location, furnishings, open concept floor plan, the view and balcony, all attribute to its wonderful accommodations. It's luxurious and private, yet close enough to all the action.
Guest Rating:"Madison Breeze" is a charming remodeled home in Downtown Grand Haven located close to all the downtown restaurants and shopping.
Guest Rating:Happy Haven is located in the highly sought after Harbourfront Condos. The condo has a great location close to downtown and just a short walk to the beach.
Guest Rating:There's no better place to spend your vacation other than in the heart of Grand Haven! This cottage-style condo features 2 BR, 2 BA and is perfectly located close to all of Grand Haven's largest attractions.
Guest Rating:In search of a few "Lazy Days" along Lake Michigan's shoreline? You've come to the right place!
Guest Rating:Enjoy the tranquility and beauty of all that Lake Michigan has to offer in this cozy 4 Bedroom, 1 Bath cottage. **Please note that as of April 2019, the water levels are extremely high and the access path to the beach has eroded away, call to inquire**
Guest Rating:This newly remodeled and updated condo comes with access to the rooftop deck, a perfect spot to watch the fireworks or musical fountain.
Guest Rating:Sunset Views is perched on a dune overlooking Lake Michigan and Grand Haven State Park, just a few steps away from the sandy beach. Come relax and enjoy this four bedroom cottage fit for a larger group.
Guest Rating:Looking for a one-of-a-kind vacation? Slice of Haven has water views, spacious living quarters, and is one block from downtown. Enjoy a morning walk on the boardwalk, the day at the beach, and then unwind on the balcony for an unbeatable Michigan sunset.
Guest Rating:Stay in one of the most prestigious buildings in downtown Grand Haven. This Grand Theatre condo is within walking distance to restaurants, bars, shopping, and the waterfront.
Guest Rating:In the Red is in the highly sought after Grand Haven Cottages Association. It is in close proximity to Lake Michigan, farmers market, splash pad, American Legion, YMCA, yoga studio, shopping, and more!
Not Rated:This 3 story Grand Haven condo has 2 Bedrooms, 3.5 Bathrooms with more room than you would imagine. With two Murphy beds in the upstairs and downstairs, it's the perfect place for a multi-family vacation right in the heart of downtown.
Guest Rating:Spacious 3 bedroom, 2 bath cottage just up the dune from the Grand Haven State Park and beach. Enjoy incredible views of the lake, pier, and lighthouse all from the comfort of this private, homey rental.
Guest Rating:"West Wind" features 3 bedrooms, 2.5 baths and has been remodeled within the last few years. The best part is the fantastic views of Lake Michigan and the Grand Haven State Park!
Guest Rating:You won't want to leave this home! You have front row seats to the amazing sunsets Grand Haven has to offer. Happy Indeed! That is what you will be at Happe House.
Guest Rating:Gorgeous 3 BR, 2.5 BA, cottage across from the Grand Haven Channel within walking distance to the beach, pier, and downtown.
Guest Rating:Immaculately decorated 2 BR, 2 BA, condo across from the Grand Haven Channel within walking distance to the beach, pier, and downtown. Enjoy incredible views of the channel and Dewey Hill (Musical Fountain)!
Guest Rating:This classic lake cottage is nestled in tree-covered dunes just steps away from the sugar sand beaches of Grand Haven. Relax amid gentle lake breezes on the large deck and screened-in porch.
Guest Rating:This modern condo has everything you need: ideal location, fully stocked kitchen, king size bed, bed and bath linens, a garage, two decks with plenty of furniture, the list goes on. It will have you coming back year after year!
Guest Rating:Come relax and experience all that Grand Haven has to offer! Feel comfortable and right at home in this historic condo. Enjoy restaurants, the farmers market, Charter fishing, bars and the boardwalk only a block away!
Not Rated:Point Comfort is located in popular Highland Park community and is the quintessential beach vacation you are looking for. Directly across the street from the State Park, you will enjoy easy access to the beach and beautiful Grand Haven sunsets at night.
Not Rated:Your family will love this classic 3 bedroom 1 bath cottage on beautiful Lake Michigan right next to the Pigeon Lake Channel. Whether exploring, swimming or fishing you will love coming "home" to this cozy little cabin!
Guest Rating:Your stay at My Blue Haven calls for lots of beach days, sunshine, ice cream, bike rides, and memories made. Come check it out! We hope you will leave feeling relaxed and refreshed.
Guest Rating:Your family will love their time in this classic Lake Michigan cottage on the highly sought after 5 Mile Hill area of Grand Haven. Just a short walk down the hill is the State Park Beach and the popular Boardwalk and Lighthouse pier.
Guest Rating:M Condo soars above the city and the channel - you will fall in love with Grand Haven and this Harbourfront Penthouse! It's spacious, beautifully decorated, fully stocked and oh so comfortable. You don't want to miss out on this one!
Guest Rating:Perfect for a small group; located on the ground floor across from the Grand Haven Channel, Chinook Pier, the old train depot, splash pad, ice cream, miniature golf, and charter boat fishing. Close to Harbor Island, downtown, shopping, and the beach!
Guest Rating:"Carefree Cabana" is in the highly sought after Grand Haven Cottages Association. It is in close proximity to Lake Michigan, farmers market, splash pad, American Legion, YMCA, yoga studio, shopping, and more!
Guest Rating:This vacation property is perfect for a family looking for a quiet spot, but still close enough to all the Grand Haven action. Enjoy all sorts of fun things near by: the splash pad, shopping, restaurants, mini golf, the farmer's market, and more.
Guest Rating:This beautiful two bedroom, one bath apartment has recently been remodeled from top to bottom. What is even better, is that it sits just one block up from the channel. Enjoy being close to the beach and to downtown. This spot can not be beat!
Guest Rating:Enjoy the dog days of summer from the large deck that has an amazing, million dollar view of the Lake Michigan! Happy Indeed! That is what you will be at Happe House.
Unsalted Vacations
41 Washington Ave
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Grand Haven, MI 49417
(616) 224-0005
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111 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd.
White Plains, NY 10601
Tel: (914) 995-3586
Fax: (914) 995-2116
April 4, 2017 -- Westchester County District Attorney Anthony A. Scarpino Jr., announced today that Liam Perry (DOB 08/05/93) of 5 Troy Lane, Yonkers, NY received a sentence of two to six years in state prison after having pled guilty before Judge Anne Minihan to:
- one count of Vehicular Manslaughter in the First Degree, a class "C" Felony,
- one count of Vehicular Manslaughter in the Second Degree, a class "D" Felony,
- one count of Aggravated Driving While Intoxicated Per Se, an unclassified Misdemeanor,
- one count of Driving While Intoxicated, an unclassified Misdemeanor,
- two counts of Driving on Roadway Laned For Traffic, Violations of the Vehicle and Traffic Law
in the death of Pedro Martinez.
On Aug. 11, 2016 at approximately 9:20 p.m., the victim was driving in a 1995 Lincoln Town Car towards Bronxville on Palmer Road in Yonkers. At the same time, the defendant was behind the wheel of a 2005 Toyota Camry traveling in the opposite direction.
When the vehicles reached the intersection of Palmer Road and Sunnybrook Road, the defendant crossed the double yellow line and struck the victim's car head on.
Perry had to be extracted from his car by the Yonkers Fire Department. Both the victim and the defendant were taken to Jacobi Medical Center in the Bronx. The victim was later pronounced dead from injuries sustained in the crash.
The defendant's BAC was .27 percent.
Perry was remanded into the custody of the New York State Department of Corrections.
Assistant District Attorney Joseph Servino of the Superior Court Trial Division prosecuted the case.
|Liam Perry


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Wilson honors those waiting for organ donations with Driven2SaveLives IndyCar
SPEEDWAY, Ind. – With Stefan Wilson unveiling his Driven2SaveLives car Monday afternoon, the Andretti Autosport driver knows the countdown to seeing it on the track is nearly complete.
"I'm just chomping at the bit," said Wilson. "I can't wait to get in the car tomorrow."
Wilson's brother, Justin, died in an IndyCar accident three years ago, but as an organ donor he helped save five lives, and the Driven2SaveLives movement was created.
"This year, taking the next step (is the goal)," said Wilson, "evolving the campaign a little bit, actually placing patients who are currently waiting, that's 25 names on the actual race car itself."
"I think it's a great honor that people are noticing that people need organ donation," said Leighton Akins, who is in need of a heart transplant. "It's a very important issue for us to get a chance at a second life."
"This is a big surprise to me," added Robert Morton, who is waiting for a kidney transplant. "It's very encouraging. It's a big boost. Never give up."
Though Stefan will always race with his brother in mind, he's making this Indy 500 about something more: Placing the spotlight on 25 of the more than 115 thousand people nationwide in need of a life-saving organ donation.
"I wanted to give them an identity, and by putting their names on the car and actually meeting those people today, I think we succeeded at that."


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Thanks to a $20,000 grant from the SCI CAN Foundation, On With Life will add additional outdoor-based therapy programs to their range of rehabilitation treatment options. The grant funds the purchase of permanent, outdoor therapy equipment that will be used in On With Life's new outdoor therapeutic gardens. The new equipment will help persons served with strengthening, balance, coordination, sitting/standing and gait exercises. The benefits of outdoor therapy sessions are endless: the sunlight and fresh air, the sensation of different temperatures, the wind and various intensities of light and the sounds of the outdoors all have therapeutic benefits for individuals recovering from a brain injury.
The outdoor gardens are part of On With Life's Life Forward Capital Campaign, which aims to increase and improve access to services and enhance the therapeutic property at On With Life. In addition to the gardens, areas of the project include an outpatient center, an on-site aquatic therapy pool, additional inpatient beds, a wellness center and property enhancements that will make facilities more efficient and environmentally friendly.
"Every day we are proud to live our mission of passionately serving and advocating for those living with brain injury," said Julie Fidler Dixon, executive director at On With Life. "It is a great feeling when others see the importance in our mission, and we are thrilled to have a partner like the SCI CAN Foundation, which understands the importance of having the latest in therapy equipment available to those that we serve. This grant will make a real difference, and we are very grateful for this support."
The SCI CAN Foundation was started by Chris Norton in the fall of 2012, two years after his spinal cord injury. Chris had been playing football for Luther College in October 2010 when he was severely injured while making a tackle on a kickoff, fracturing his C3-C4 vertebrae. After initially being told he had a 3% chance of ever regaining movement below the neck, Chris has defied the odds of recovery every step of the way. The Norton family sees great importance in having access to high quality therapy and they continue to look for ways to help other individuals going through a spinal cord or other neurological injury.


text: Relaxing at home with either friends or family is definitely a nice thing. However, always sitting in front of the TV might get boring after a while. Try to mix things up a little bit. Imagine the comfort of a wicker sectional sofa in your backyard. Apart from a touch of personality in terms of […]Continue reading


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In October 2008, when I was a few months out of college and working a retail job that made me feel like a total waste of space, my brother-in-law called us and offered us two week-old kittens he'd found in a garage.
I jumped at the chance to escape my miserable work life and took some time off for an "emergency caregiving situation" (to this day, perhaps the biggest lie by omission I have ever told). I spent the next several weeks mixing up kitten milk replacement formula and bottle-feeding these two gremlins
and then teaching them how to pee in a litter box and then how to lap up milk and then how to eat solid food (my husband helped, obviously, but he was gone most of the day at something called an actual job).
These hand-raised monsters are the cats we still have and we have all been bonded by the trauma of raising and being raised by creatures of another species. We adore them, and for the most part, they tolerate us. Since we got them nearly five years ago, I've probably slept through eight solid hours just a handful of times. Because this happens:
And you know what? It's worth it. I'm okay with being the kind of person who would spend seven weeks nursing kittens back to health (even if, at the time, I was so stressed out about their poop schedules I didn't shower or leave the apartment for days).
Why is this relevant (aside, of course, from the fact that it explains why I'm such a cat lady)?
Yesterday my husband found a living, breathing baby bird in the middle of our driveway, an oddly far distance from any trees. It looks horrifying – it's featherless and about a quarter of the size of my palm and it hasn't opened it's eyes yet, making it a nestling (thanks, Google!). We scooped it up on a REI catalogue, which made itself useful for once, and brought the bird inside.
Because we found it around 7:30 pm last night and it was too late to call rescues and vets, we decided to build it a little nest and warm it up with a lamp and feed it pieces of water-logged cat food every half hour until we went to sleep, as directed by the internet. (You know you're a crazy person when: after discovering that your newfound just-hatched bird friend needs to be feed every half hour from sunrise until sunset, you are just relieved that at least it sleeps through the night.)
This morning, when my husband called local wildlife refuges, hoping to find a place for the little beast, they told him that all nestlings delivered to them are "humanely euthanized" …meaning we're in it for the long haul with this creep, at least until he grows some feathers. We are way too tree-huggy to surrender Baby Bird to certain death.
Hilariously, my husband hopes caring for this (mockingbird? sparrow?) nestling will help him get over his INTENSE LIFELONG FEAR OF BIRDS.
Yeah. Probably not.


text: This is tough to talk about but it's something burning on my mind. Apparently my mum and dad in this lifetime murdered me in my last lifetime. How would the fates have lined up so my mum met my dad, with them deciding to get together again, then consequently producing me for a second time. Would they have attracted each other? What are the chances that both of them would have been in the same area at around the same time so they could meet again?


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The View from the Foothills
This and that, now and then. Mostly book reviews, with the occasional excursion into whimsy.
« A Plethora of Book Suggestions
It's Quiet Out There...Too Quiet »
August 07, 2004
Why, Thank You!
Some time in the last couple of weeks, an anonymous benefactor dropped ten bucks in our tipjar. Thank you very much, whoever you are!
Posted by Will Duquette at August 7, 2004 02:39 PM


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Apple TV
Deploying and debugging apps wirelessly on Apple TV 4K
The new Apple TV 4K is awesome and an improvement over Apple TV 4 in every aspect. Except one. It does not have a USB-C port for development.
This is not surprising, as Apple is a strong proponent of our wireless future. It does mean however that you need to pair your Mac wirelessly to do deployment and debugging.