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LOS ANGELES: Today, the Black Box Project launched its collection at four key dispensaries in L.A. The unique collection of weed products brings together some of the best Black-owned brands in California cannabis. Available in limited quantities, the box's creators hope it will raise awareness of social equity operators in California cannabis during Black History Month.
The collection will be on sale starting today exclusively at L.A.'s recently-opened social equity dispensaries: Josephine and Billie's, GorillaRx Wellness, and Sixty Four & Hope's two locations.
Containing over $200 in product, the limited edition box will retail for $50.00.
The project was organized collectively when a group of brand owners took up a suggestion to feature a collection of Black-owned brands for Black History Month. The idea came from Ebony Andersen, COO of Josephine & Billies. With Andersen's dispensary leading the charge, L.A.-based brands took action and organized based on the network they built as social equity licensees and Black cannabis entrepreneurs.
In particular, dispensary owners took the lead to bring the idea to life in time for Black History Month.
According to GorillaRX's Kika Howze, the goal was to come together as a community despite the fact that there's competition. "All of the Black brands and social equity dispensaries really came together as a unified front to make sure the offerings stayed connected to the community. They were really able to show solidarity across the board that it's community first over any type of competition," Howze said.
For Howze, the box represents the community coming together to support and promote itself. "We're all about coming together and joining hands because the more of us that get over the finish line as possible is what is really going to move the needle into a lot of reform and things we need to see out of the cannabis industry," Howze said."
The activist bent of the collection ties it closely to Black History Month. For Howze, its a way for the Black community to celebrate the accomplishment of success in cannabis.
"It's more than right especially in the communities that we're serving that we show all throughout the supply chain that we're coming together as a unified front and that's really what this box represents," Howze said.
Many brands, participants say, pay lip service to Black culture during February but do little to support Black-owned cannabis brands. The box, they felt, was a way for consumers to show support and for the community itself to highlight Black Excellence in cannabis.
According to its official announcement, "The Black Box Project was founded by LA-based Black-owned social equity dispensaries and leading brands to highlight the importance of equity and inclusion in cannabis while creating unity and support amongst the Black cannabis community. It also provides and opportunity to encourage Angelenos to buy Black in February while introducing them to the quality and culture brought to the industry by Black-owned brands."
According to a social media posting by participating brand Viola, the box is "for the culture, by the culture. The Black Box Project is a curated collection of Black excellence, designed to uplift Black voices & highlight Black brands."
The project allows participants to bring awareness to the fact that Black and Brown folks are still underrepresented in the cannabis industry, despite being disproportionately impacted by the War on Drugs.
"It is absurd that we live in a world where Black people are still the most likely to get arrested for cannabis, and the least represented in the legal market," said Whitney Beatty, CEO Of Josephine & Billies, who helped spearhead the project.
"We need customers to stand with us and show the industry that an inclusive supply chain matters," Beatty said.
The project highlights not only Black brands but importantly the new Black-owned social equity dispensaries that have recently opened in Los Angeles.
Aja Allen, owner of Sixty Four and Hope, one of the social equity dispensaries distributing the box, said that the product offers the community a way to show their support and to learn about the supply chain.
"Sixty Four & Hope is participating in the Black Box Project because we want highlight these Black-owned brands & encourage people to buy Black in February," Allen said.
"We must be deliberate and strategic in our journey for equitable freedom," Allen said.
The dispensary owner expects her customers will be into it.
"I think our guests will be floored at the quality and variety of products offered in the box at an affordable price. Guaranteed to sell out," Allen said.
According to GorillaRx Store Manager of Brand Promotion Cliff Eure, "it's a one of a kind SKU that's never been seen in the industry."
Eure, who was part of the planning process for the project, says that the idea of the box is to provide a platform. "It's giving itself a platform that's never really been there in the first place," Eure said.
"This year actually seems to be when social equity programs and social equity brands get the light that they needed for so long," Eure said.
For Eure, the project importantly shows the faces behind the companies, to make a personal connection to owner's life experiences. "The idea of representing the faces behind these brands and and actually claiming them as Black owned claiming them as where they come from, it's been a long time coming for that," Eure said.
"That part of the storytelling does add way more weight to the product itself and what it really means to people purchasing it," Eure said.
According to Timeka Drew, whose brand Biko Flower is represented in the collection, taking part has been validating.
"The black LA cannabis community is an example of folks who have been challenged greatly, coming together against the odds to support each other and invest in each other, Drew said.
"Building with each retailer and brand participating in this project has been an unforgettable and validating experience for me as a Black founder in the cannabis space. This is only the beginning," she said.
The box shows community solidarity and acknowledgment. "We are showing how we can survive and thrive together, regardless of how difficult it might be for us to manage the obstacles that continue to plague our businesses," Drew said.
Included in the box is a brochure showing the faces of all the participants as well as quotes from them related to the project. Athlete Al Harrington, owner of the brand Viola, writes, "the goal for minority-owned cannabis businesses is generational wealth. Built it, and you build an equitable industry. You win."
The Black Box Collection Contents:
- Ball Family Farms Daniel Larusso 3.5g flower
- Ball Family Farms Laura Charles preroll 1g
- Ball Family Farms x Sixty Four & Hope Clubber Lang 3.5 flower
- Wyllow preroll 2-pack 5g
- Biko Juseyo Wedding Cake preroll 1g
- Justice Tree Zoe Blows (Cherry Gelato) 1g flower
- House of Tyne 510 vape battery
- Viola 10-pack preroll 3.5g
- Gorilla RX Cured Resin Concentrate 1g
- Dose of Saucey THC Hot Sauce sample .25mg
- Discount on Cronja flower
Learn More, Support, & Follow:
- Ball Family Farms Instagram, website
- Chris Ball and Charles Ball
- Josephine and Billies Instagram, website
- Ebony Andersen and Whitney Beatty
- Viola Instagram, website
- Al Harrington
- Biko Flower Instagram, website
- Timeka Drew
- Sixty Four and Hope Instagram, website
- Rhavin Byrd, Aja Allen
- House of Tyne Instagram, website
- Ralina Shaw
- GorillaRX Wellness Instagram, website
- Kika Keith, Kika Howze
- Cronja Culture Instagram, website
- Michael Malcolm
- Justice Tree Instagram, website
- Sequette Clark
- Wyllow Instagram, website
- Camille Roistacher
Note: An earlier version of this article misattributed the original idea for the Black Box Project. The article was updated to reflect this correction, and we regret the error.


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Magna On-Demand Seminars
Online Learning That Sticks: Strategies to Shift to Student-Centered Learning
This Magna Online Seminar invites you to peek behind the classroom doors and LMS screen of college and university instructors who win national teaching awards to find out what they do that is so different.
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So why would you change anything? This Magna Online Seminar takes up three challenges, designed especially for already-excellent instructors:
- Moving away from instructor-constructed interactions
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All of these strategies share a grounding in the neuroscience of learning, greater learner engagement, and reduced instructor workload and will help you take your teaching to the next level.
What are the learning goals?
Upon completion of this seminar, you'll be able to:
- Collaborate with learners to create learning processes together
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- Assess learning through means beyond testing and project-writing
Here's what we'll cover!
- Threaded-pathway teaching practices
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This seminar will benefit:
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subset: commoncrawl


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Why Yellowstone Fans Are Taking Another Look At This Character
Another season of Paramount Network's bracing neo-Western drama Yellowstone has come to an end, and if there's one thing the series' season 3 finale has taught us, it's that Taylor Sheridan and his team really enjoy breaking the brains of their fanbase with big-time cliffhangers. But even as Yellowstone's season 1 and 2 finales tested the mettle of series diehards, the panic-inducing final moments of season 3 likely still has them picking their jaws up from the floor.
Those shocking final moments found key members of the Dutton family at the mercy of hired assassins who were clearly interested in showing none, and via a combination of mail bombs and firearms, the fates of some of Yellowstone's most important people were left very much in the air.
As Yellowstone fandom continues to wring their hands over which of the Duttons will live to fight another day, the question of who ordered the executions to begin with looms every bit as large, because payback will almost certainly be the order of they day for Team Dutton in the upcoming fourth season of Yellowstone.
You can be certain Cole Hauser's Rip Wheeler will be front and center for the bloody action to come since his beloved Beth Dutton (Kelly Reilly) was one of the targets, with many Yellowstone devotees presuming Wes Bentley's Jamie Dutton will be one of the many incurring Rip's wrath. As a few savvy viewers have already pointed out since season's end, however, there's another nefarious player on the Yellowstone chessboard who may well have engineered that finale bloodbath; one who's made it clear she'll stop at nothing to help her people reclaim their land from the clutches of the Duttons.
Angela Blue Thunder may have orchestrated that Yellowstone finale carnage
That player is Angela Blue Thunder (Q'orianka Kilcher), who turned up in Yellowstone's third season as a legal consultant hired by Thomas Rainwater (Gil Birmingham) to help protect the Broken Rock Reservation from the land-grabbing Market Watch conglomerate.
Yes, the Market Watch goon squad also has their sights set on the Dutton's sprawling Yellowstone ranching lands. And yes, they (along with their partner Jamie, who was suspiciously not attacked in that finale) are also prime suspects in the Dutton attacks. According to Yellowstone fandom, however, they're also the most obvious of potential villains. As such, those fans are also apt to point out Jamie does not inherit the Dutton Ranch in John Dutton's will, so that crew didn't have much to gain by trying to kill their way into the mix.
Angela Blue Thunder, on the other hand, was quick to see Rainwater's tenuous partnership with John Dutton would likely absolve the Broken Rock bunch from suspicion. Given her memorably ominous statement that "Winners are never judged by how," and her clear desire for Rainwater to take the fight to the Duttons, it's clear she's willing to get her hands dirty in service of reclaiming the Dutton's land for her people.
Blue Thunder also spent much of the season endearing herself to Kayce Dutton's wife Monica (Kelsey Abille), and it's certainly no coincidence that Kayce is set to inherit the Dutton Ranch after John's death. That, of course, means Monica inherits if Kayce is also out of the picture.
As it is, Yellowstone fandom is currently taking a long, hard look at Angela Blue Thunder as the probable orchestrator of the assassination attempts. Should that be true, it'll be fascinating to see how she continues to spin that bloody web of deceit in season 4.


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Transgenic Fungus Rapidly Killed Malaria Mosquitoes in West African Study
June 5, 2019 |
A team of scientist from the University of Maryland (UMD) in the United States and Burkina Faso have conducted the first outside-of-a-laboratory trial of a transgenic method to combat malaria. The method kills mosquitoes with a fungus genetically engineered (GE) to produce spider toxin.
The study was conducted in a screen-enclosed, simulated village in Burkina Faso. They used a transgenic fungus developed by UMD team led by entomology Professor Raymond St. Leger and report that mosquito populations were safely reduced in the trial by more than 99 percent.
The team used Metarhizium pingshaense, a naturally occurring fungus that infects insects in the wild and kills them slowly. They engineered a strain of the fungus to produce a toxin that kills mosquitoes faster than they can breed. This transgenic fungus caused mosquito populations in their test site to collapse to unsustainable levels within two generations.
The toxin is an insecticide called Hybrid, derived from the venom of the Australian Blue Mountains funnel-web spider, approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for application directly on crops to control agricultural insect pests. The scientists modified M. pingshaense so that it would produce and deliver Hybrid. To ensure this, they used a bacterium to transfer DNA into fungi. The DNA the scientists designed and introduced into the fungi provided the blueprints for making Hybrid along with a control switch that tells the fungus when to make the toxin. The modified fungus only produces the toxin inside the body of a mosquito. They tested the modified fungus on other insects in Maryland and Burkina Faso, and found that the fungus was not harmful to beneficial insects such as honeybees.
For more details, read the news release in UMD Right Now.
Biotech Updates is a weekly newsletter of ISAAA, a not-for-profit organization. It is distributed for free to over 22,000 subscribers worldwide to inform them about the key developments in biosciences, especially in biotechnology. Your support will help us in our mission to feed the world with knowledge. You can help by donating as little as $10.
See more articles:
News from Around the World
- Biofortification Improves Nutrition and Benefits Developing Countries, Research Reveals
- AgriLife Research Study Gene Expressions in Sugarcane Aphid-Resistant Sorghum
- Study Reveals Climate Change is Already Affecting Global Food Production
- Japan Initiates Discussion of Labeling for Genome Edited Foods
- Biotech Critics Seeks Complete Ban on GM Crops in India
- Functional Regulatory Systems Vital to Reap Biotech Crop Benefits, Experts
- 170 Scientists Gather in Barcelona to Share Forefront Plant Research
- Long-term Adoption of GM Maize in Spain and Portugal Proves to Benefit Farmers and the Environment
Research Highlights
- Bt Proteins in Rice Degraded in Paddy Soils
Beyond Crop Biotech
- Exploring the Origins of the Apple
- Transgenic Fungus Rapidly Killed Malaria Mosquitoes in West African Study
- ISAAA's New Journey Begins
- Chinese Researchers Study Alkaline Tolerance in Rice Using CRISPR-Cas9
- Another CRISPR Tool Shows Great Potential to Advance Science
Read the latest: - Biotech Updates (April 17, 2024)
- Gene Editing Supplement (April 10, 2024)
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Nasdaq 100, Russell 2000, ASX 200, RBA – Asia Pacific Indices Briefing
- Nasdaq 100, S&P 500, Dow Jones rise on Wall Street to start the week
- Russell 2000 outperforms on economic growth expectations before Fed
- ASX 200 at risk to volatility, facing the RBA rate decision and YCC comments
Monday's Wall Street Trading Session Recap
Wall Street benchmark stock indices pushed slightly higher on Monday as the Nasdaq 100, Dow Jones and S&P 500 futures gained 0.35%, 0.27% and 0.19% respectively. Small-cap stocks outperformed the broader market, with Russell 2000 futures climbing 2.57%. The rosy mood from traders comes as over 80% of companies in the S&P 500 saw third-quarter earnings top estimates, according to Bloomberg.
The rotation into small-cap stocks could be a sign that traders are becoming more confident in the economic recovery. These tend to be more cyclically focused, sensitive to the swings in growth. The sharp drop in US GDP growth during the third quarter could perhaps explain why the Russell has spent these past few months in a consolidative state.
Still, this week could be volatile for global stock markets. The Federal Reserve is anticipated to begin tapering its monthly asset purchases. Elevated inflationary pressures have been rapidly increasing 2022 rate hike expectations. This week will also wrap up with non-farm payrolls data, where traders will be closely watching earnings data. The latter may continue revealing where inflation is going in the country.
Nasdaq 100 Technical Analysis
Even though the Nasdaq 100 closed at a new high, prices left behind a Hanging Man candlestick pattern. This is a sign of indecision that could hint at a top within an uptrend. Further downside progress from here may confirm the Hanging Man, opening the door to a turn lower. Still, a bullish Golden Cross emerged between the 20- and 50-day Simple Moving Averages (SMAs). This hints at a broader upside technical bias. This leaves the index facing conflicting technical cues.
Introduction to Technical Analysis
Candlestick Patterns
Recommended by Daniel Dubrovsky
Nasdaq 100 – Daily Chart
Tuesday's Asia Pacific Trading Session
The rosy day on Wall Street could bode well for Tuesday's Asia-Pacific trading session. Top-tier event risk will likely come from the Reserve Bank of Australia's November monetary policy announcement. Last week, the central bank withheld from capping surging front-end government bond yields. This likely hints at a change coming for its yield-curve control policy.
Australia's benchmark ASX 200 stock market index remains around levels from June, likely due to a combination of slowing economic growth and anticipated hawkish RBA policy bets. The former has been due to the nation's struggle with the Delta Covid variant, which the country is now seemingly moving past. A more hawkish RBA risks inducing volatility into the ASX.
Trading Strategies and Risk Management
Global Macro
Recommended by Daniel Dubrovsky
ASX 200 Technical Analysis
The ASX 200 has been struggling to achieve further upside progress above a near-term falling trendline from August. Still, the 200-day SMA continues to point to a broader upward technical bias. In the event of losses, keep a close eye on the 7207 – 7167 support zone. Extending gains since September entails a push above 7480 towards the all-time high at 7650.
ASX 200 – Daily Chart
--- Written by Daniel Dubrovsky, Strategist for DailyFX.com
To contact Daniel, use the comments section below or @ddubrovskyFX on Twitter
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Jane's Hotel (http://macte.ch/xcquZ), a casual time management game, has come to the Mac App Store. It requires Mac OS X 10.6.6 or later and costs US$6.99.
"Here's how the game is described: In Jane's Hotel the players are given a chance to help the series' main protagonist Jane run her own hotel empire. The player controls Jane and a chambermaid in order to keep the guests comfortable by providing them with everything a traveler needs to relax.
"Jane does not inherit a famous hotel franchise so she could enjoy herself while someone else is in charge. With all the money she has Jane buys a small motel on the outskirts of town and starts attracting guests by providing the best customer service they have ever experienced.
"The player controls Jane and a chambermaid in order to keep the guests comfortable by providing them with everything a traveler needs to relax. The challenge comes from applying all the multitasking skills the players have to satisfy the most demanding clients and keep the hotel clean and cozy. Players' goal is to make all guests come, spend time, and leave the hotel with a smile on their faces because happy customers leave big tips.
"With all the money Jane gets, players can purchase furniture, appliances and add other little details to make the hotel a better place to stay at. Besides spending the money, guests also spread the good word about the hotel and its reputation increases. The higher the status of the hotel, the closer the player is to upgrading it to a 3, then 4 and finally 5 star hotel — a place where even kings feel like home.
"Across 40 challenging levels players can feel what it is like to manage a hotel, decorate 4 different lobbies with various items and experience a story of a woman lovingly crafting her business. In-game graphics is colorful and charming and sound design helps recreate an atmosphere of a busy hotel with att


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Peyronie's disease is more common in men over the age of 40 and is where the penis becomes curved or more misshapen when erect.
There are a few key symptoms of this disease:
- A hard lump or thickened area in the shaft of the penis
- When erect, a curve in the penis
- Pain during an erection
- A misshapen penis
- Loss of length or girth
Non surgical
There are medicines that are available, and steroid injections may also be helpful, or targeted shockwave therapy can be used. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of these treatment options.
Where the disease is incredibly painful, then surgery may be required. This can involve the removal of the plaque, or the implantation of a device to straighten the penis.


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Say goodbye to BMI! Doctors want to check your waist-to-hip ratio instead… so how DO you work it out?
- Study found waist-to-hip ratios had a stronger association with early death
- Researchers in Ireland say BMI 'doesn't take into account fat distribution'
- They called for public health recommendations to prioritise waist-to-hip ratios
Body mass index (BMI) has long been the go-to way of scrutinising whether we're in shape or not.
But its time may finally be up.
Researchers claim the hated measurement should be ditched in favour of the waist-to-hip ratio.
Looking at the lesser-known value offers doctors a better way of predicting whether someone will die early, a study found.
Doctors have pointed out the flaws of BMI for years. The measurement is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms by your height in metres squared.
It is used to categorise people as underweight (under 18.5), healthy weight (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9) or obese (30 or more).
But it doesn't take into account muscle or fat distribution, meaning a rugby player and couch potato of the same height and weight would have the same score.
Lead researcher Ifran Khan, a medical student at University College Cork, said: 'As a result, BMI doesn't reliably predict risk of disease or mortality.'
Waist-to-hip ratio is calculated by dividing the circumference of your waist by that of your hips. Women with a ratio of 0.85 or more and men with a score of 0.9 or greater are deemed to have high risk levels of visceral fat
Medics in Ireland and Canada have claimed waist-to-hip ratios offer a superior way than BMI to determine how fat someone is
The waist-to-hip ratio is a measure indicating healthy levels of body fat.
Use a tape measure to determine the circumference at you waist — the smallest width of your natural waist, usually just above the belly button.
Then do the same for your hips — the widest part of your buttocks.
Divide the waist measurement by the hips figure to determine the ratio.
The value of the score differs for men and women.
For women, a low risk score is 0.8 or below, while moderate risk is 0.81 to 0.85 and 0.85 or higher.
In men it is 0.95 or below, 0.96 to 1 or 1 or higher.
Judging the waist-to-hip ratio can help people work out if they are carrying excess weight around their middle, Mr Khan and colleagues said.
Studies have repeatedly shown this spare tyre, as it is colloquially known, can drive up the risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
The ratio is calculated by dividing the circumference of your waist by that of your hips.
Women with a ratio of 0.85 or more and men with a score of 0.9 or greater are deemed to be at higher risk of the knock-on effects of obesity.
The calls to replace BMI with the waist-to-hip ratio came from a study presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes in Stockholm.
It tracked the health records of more than 50,000 adults who died.
The experts, which involved a team from Canada, measured how likely a person was to die early based on their BMI, waist-hip ratio or fat mass index (FMI), which accounts for the amount of fat someone is carrying compared to their height.
Results showed having a higher waist-hip ratio increased the risk of death linearly.
This meant the risk of an early death was lowest for those with the lowest waist-to-hip proportion, before steadily increasing as the ratio increased.
For comparison, those with either an extremely high or low BMI or FMI had a higher risk of death, compared to those in the middle.
Meanwhile, the waist-hip ratio also had a stronger statistical association with early death of any kind than other measurements.
Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on your weight in relation to your height.
Standard Formula:
- BMI = (weight in pounds / (height in inches x height in inches)) x 703
Metric Formula:
- BMI = (weight in kilograms / (height in meters x height in meters))
- Under 18.5: Underweight
- 18.5 – 24.9: Healthy
- 25 – 29.9: Overweight
- 30 – 39.9: Obese
- 40+: Morbidly obese
Mr Khan said: 'BMI's major limitation is that it doesn't take into account differences in fat distribution.
'This could mean that someone who has accumulated fat around their waist will have the same BMI as someone of the same age and height who stores their fat around the hips, despite the health risks of abdominal fat.
'WHR, however, better reflects levels of abdominal fat, including visceral fat, which wraps around the organs deep inside the body.
'With WHR the message is simply [that] the lower the WHR, the lower your mortality risk.'
He added: 'Clinical recommendations and interventions should prioritise setting healthy WHR targets rather than general BMI targets.
'A more accurate measure of a healthy body shape may make a significant difference to the ill health and deaths caused by type 2 diabetes, heart disease, some cancers and numerous other conditions.'
Professor Nick Finer, a consultant based at University College London, said: 'It is well established that BMI is an imperfect measure.'
He added, however, that 'there is a problem about relying on the waist-hip ratio as a measure of obesity severity'.
This is 'because it changes little with modest weight loss and so does not necessarily reflect health improvements'.
It comes after the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence said in April that people should ensure their waist measurement is less than half their height to keep health problems at bay.
Adults with a body mass index (BMI) under 35 should measure their own waist-to-height ratio as part of wider plans to tackle obesity, it said.
Source: Read Full Article


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November 28, 2020 – March 27, 2021
Due to COVID-19 exhibition dates may change. Please check back for updates.
This small exhibition of four artworks from the permanent collection of the Hallie Ford Museum of Art is on view at the Willamette University Mark O. Hatfield Library. The small exhibition includes work by Oregon artists who all created art through the New Deal Federal Art Projects of the 1930s and accompanies the Forgotten Stories: Northwest Public Art in the 1930s exhibition at the Hallie Ford Museum of Art.
The artworks on view include a preliminary drawing (seen above) by Andrew Vincent for the mural he created in the old Salem Post Office, now the Oregon Executive Building; a WPA commissioned painting by Charles Heaney; and works by Albert and Arthur Runquist, brothers who are well-known for their paintings celebrating the working class. There are also selected books about American art and life in the 1930s from the Mark O. Hatfield Library available alongside the exhibition.


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South Africa's Schoenmaker wins women's 200m breaststroke gold with world record
Tatjana Schoenmaker won the women's 200m breaststroke on Friday in a world record time of 2:18.95 to deliver South Africa's first gold medal of the Tokyo Games.
US swimmers Lilly King and Annie Lazor took the silver and bronze medals.
Schoenmaker, who had already claimed silver in the 100m breaststroke on Tuesday, powered to the finish 0.97 seconds ahead of King.
The 24-year-old's victory marked the second African gold medal in the pool following Tunisian Ahmed Hafnaoui's success in the men's 400m freestyle on Sunday.
King led until the 150m turn when Schoenmaker went in front and then delivered a powerful final length to smash the world record and grab gold.


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iPMI Magazine Speaks With Dr. Ian Russinoff, Medical Director, Generali Global Assistance Travel Assistance & GMMI, Inc. Featured
- Written by iPMI Magazine
- font size decrease font size increase font size
For the past few months, we have read and heard just about everything on the Covid-19 virus pandemic that has now impacted and remains to impact the entire world. Confinement, quarantine, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), life has organized itself around this new normal.
In this exclusive interview Christopher Knight, CEO, iPMI Magazine, met with Dr. Ian Russinoff, Medical Director at Generali Global Assistance Travel Assistance and GMMI, Inc. to get his perspective and experience of the virus both as an ER doctor and a patient.
Tell us about your Covid-19 experience being an ER doctor?
Before my diagnosis, I had already personally witnessed both extremes of the illness. I saw many minimally symptomatic patients and a handful of critically ill. I must confess, knowing that this is a novel virus, I was concerned where I would land on the spectrum. I feared that I would be among the healthy young people to succumb to the illness. At times, I had very vivid images of the extremely ill that were losing their personal battle. Fortunately, I had a very mild case and recovered quickly. As an ER doctor with first-hand knowledge and experience that the vast majority of patients did just fine, I knew that statistically speaking the odds were in my favor.
While you are now feeling better, you were diagnosed with COVID-19 due to your exposure to the virus. Can you tell us about your patient experience?
I was fortunate in that testing for front line workers was readily available. The hospital really made us a priority and had processes in place to expedite the diagnosis. I received daily phone calls from the hospital checking on my progress and expressing their concern. I certainly felt very supported and taken care of throughout the entire illness and recovery.
The crisis being somehow behind us, what lessons have you learned?
I must say that I have a new respect for the power and influence that a microscopic illness can have on society. We have heard of swine flu, H1N1 and other viral illnesses over the years. While educating myself on these diseases, I never could have anticipated that the effects would be this dramatic. In many ways, the world has been turned upside down. It will be very interesting to see how the general public prepares for the annual flu season. In addition, it will be interesting to see how we prepare for the next novel virus. While this pandemic started as a public health crisis, it has evolved into a socioeconomic disaster.
Were there any specific complexities you were confronted with since the beginning of this pandemic both from the doctor and/or patient perspective?
I actually didn't feel very ill when I had the virus. I had fatigue and a mild cough but no fever or shortness of breath. I contemplated whether or not I really needed the test. I definitely felt well enough to work. Ultimately, out of concern for my patients, co-workers, and my family, I decided to get tested. With regards to my family, I was already self-isolating in the guest room in the house for about 3 weeks prior to having any symptoms. Once I started to see the cases in the emergency department, my wife and I felt it was best to avoid family contact as much as possible.
Have you made any changes in your routines since you have returned back to work after recovering from the virus?
I am still taking the exact same precautions from day one. There is still so much uncertainty and unknown about this virus. Do I have effective antibodies? If so, how long will they last? Are they 100% protective? Out of constant concern for my family, patients, and colleagues, I am very attentive to maintain the strictest precautions with regards to handwashing, PPE, and general awareness of my surroundings. I maintain the same routine of getting undressed in the garage, immediately throwing my clothes in the washing machine, and heading to the shower before interacting with any family members. I believe this practice will continue indefinitely.
If you help clarify a myth about COVID-19 in any of the realms that you have experienced it as a doctor and patient, what would it be?
A few months ago, the obvious question was: Am I going to end up on a ventilator? While that is a legitimate concern for people with comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension, particularly of an older age, the vast majority of positive patients will be just fine. Again, I was very fortunate to have mild symptoms, but it is a fact that the fevers associated with Covid are very intense. Anyone that contracts the virus should be mentally prepared for 2 weeks of symptoms, but they should remain cautiously optimistic that they will recover without any complications.
Are we prepared if we were to face another wave of COVID 19 cases in the fall?
We have significant advantages if there is another wave in the fall. Testing processes are much improved. Recovered patients have antibodies to donate. Medications like Remdesivir have shown promise. We are aware that some of the initial treatments do not show a significant benefit. The disease course has become somewhat more predictable. Knowledge is power, and in the infancy of Covid-19, there was clearly a knowledge deficit. There is also strength in numbers. Simply by seeing and personally knowing so many recovered people, we will be much more confident for the rematch.
We previously referred to this situation as a crisis – and looking at global and/or local events – how do we manage the storms ahead from here?
This is a great question. In retrospect, would we (federal and local government) make a lot of the same decisions? While I do not believe we will get a clear answer to that question, we might be able to infer if, God forbid, another pandemic occurs. The long term socioeconomic, medical, and psychological effects remain to be seen. Did the fact that this is an election year contribute to certain decisions? Are some of the far-fetched conspiracy theories not too far-fetched after all? I believe the long-term lessons are still evolving, and it is still too premature to assume how we may manage the storms ahead.
About GMMI, Inc. & Generali Global Assistance Travel Assistance
GMMI and Generali Global Assistance are part of the Europ Assistance – Generali Group and headquartered in South Florida, USA.
GMMI is a leading ISO 9001:2015 & ISO/IEC 27001:2013 certified provider of medical cost containment, travel assistance and medical risk management solutions designed to set the industry standard for quality customer service, medical management, and competent claims administration worldwide. By applying leading technologies and a consultative approach, we work efficiently and effectively to deliver high value-added services that provide our Clients with global solutions for managing medical cases, providing travel assistance and containing medical costs since 1992.
The travel assistance unit of Generali Global Assistance (GGA) has been focused on the care of travelers since 1963. Our North America office provides 24-hour global value-added travel assistance solutions to leisure and business travelers on behalf of their insurers and employers. With a local presence in 200 countries and territories worldwide and 35 assistance centers staffed with multilingual assistance coordinators and case managers as well as medical and security staff, Generali Global Assistance is here to help you obtain the care and attention you need in case of an emergency while traveling.
About Dr. Ian Russinoff
Dr. Ian Russinoff is an attending physician and the Vice Chairman of the Emergency Department at the Cleveland Clinic Florida. In addition to his duties in the hospital, Dr. Russinoff is the Assistant Medical Director of the Broward Sheriff's Office (BSO), helping to oversee the medical protocols of the largest EMS agency in the county. He has been practicing emergency medicine for almost twenty years, including medical school at SUNY Downstate and residency at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center in New York City. Dr. Russinoff enjoys being a leader in the field of Emergency Medicine and EMS. He has been tireless in his efforts to improve the practice every step along the way. His dedication and passion are obvious to his patients, the nurses and the paramedics. Dr. Russinoff leads by example, knowing that is the only way to implement positive change. Dr. Russinoff is the Medical Director for GMMI, Inc. & Generali Global Assistance Travel Assistance.
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Isla Navarino, in Chilean Antarctica province, is separated from Tierra del Fuego by the Beagle Channel. Its capital, Puerto Williams, is considered the most southern village with more than 1.000 inhabitants. After a 3-day journey I finally arrived at Puerto Williams, where I would stay for the following days.
Even if it is a small territory, there are many nature oriented activities and it is also an interesting place for history and anthropology lovers. The Yahgans were the first people to live on this island. They have been there for more than 10.000 years. The Yahgans were traditionally nomads, hunter-gatherers. They traveled by canoes between islands to collect food: men hunted sea lions, while women dove to collect shellfish. On these canoes they always had a fire lit to keep them warm. When the first Europeans arrived to this territory and saw all these small fires on the Yahgan canoes they call this archipelago Tierra del Fuego (Land of Fire).
During XIXth century, the English established missions at Keppel Island in the Falklands, and Ushuaia on Tierra del Fuego, in an effort to teach the natives English, Christianity, and farming. The Yahgan suffered disruption of their habitat when waves of immigrants came to the area for the gold rush and a boom in sheep farming. They did not understand the British concept of property, and were hunted down by ranchers' militias for the offense of "poaching" sheep in their former territories. Unfortunately Yahgan people were also decimated by the endemic infectious diseases carried by Westerners.
Today, the last community of Yahgans lives in Villa Ukika, at a short walk from Puerto Williams and that's where I went first. In 1983, the last full-blooded Yahgan, Rosa Yagan, died. One can visit her tomb in the local cemetery. Nowadays, the last full-blooded Yahgan, the "Abuela" (grandmother), is Cristina Calderón, who has a small house in Villa Ukika. I could meet her and we chatted for a while but she is very shy. She is the last native speaker of the Yahgan language. This language is so difficult that, despite some attempts to teach it to young generation, most probably it will die with Cristina Calderon.
That stroll to Villa Ukika was extremely beautiful with many wonderful landscapes. Nature is barely untouched in the end of the world, with very saturated colors (no photoshop on my pictures). One of the Yahgans told me that sometimes they can see whales from the beach, so nice!
From Villa Ukika, I crossed some forest up to a hill with fantastic views over the Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego and Dientes de Navarino. My stay in Isla Navarino was very promising!
Back to Puerto Williams, I spent the last two hours before dinner time visiting the Anthropological Museum Martin Gusinde. The museum hosts artifacts, maps and photographs related to the 10.000-year history of the Yahgan people, as well as European settlers since the 19th century.This is a fantastic museum that nobody visiting Puerto Williams should miss, I spent two hours there but I could have stayed the whole day !
Just next to the museum there is the Stirling house, used by the English missionaries and their families. This is a « traveling house » : towards the end of 1870 the house arrived (unassembled) in Port Stanley and since then, it has been to Baily Island, Hoste Island and Douglas Bay. In 2004 it was moved to Puerto Williams where it stays calm next to the museum.
My Tips:
- Thomas Bridges (the third white man in Ushuaia) was an Anglican Missionary and linguist the first to set up a successful mission to the indigenous peoples in Tierra del Fuego. As a young man, Bridges had learned the indigenous language of Yamana and closely studied the culture over his lifetime. His son Lucas Bridges grew up speaking English, Yahgan, and Selk'nam. He also learned their cultures from a young age. He was the only European to be made a blood brother of the Selk'nam and invited to witness their council. His book "The Uttermost Part of the Earth" (1948) talks about his family's experiences in Tierra del Fuego, but it was particularly about the Yahgan and Selk'nam indigenous peoples and the effects on them of colonization by Europeans. This is not a light reading but it was a good introduction to my Isla Navarino trip.


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[Editor's note: This article was written by Bob Calhoun and originally appeared in the November 19, 2015 edition of SF Weekly).
Jeannie and Al Mills and their children left Jim Jones' Peoples Temple in 1974. Jones and most of his followers died in the biggest murder/suicide of all time in Guyana on Nov. 18, 1978. But even with Jones dead in the jungle, Jeannie Mills never felt safe. Jones still had followers in California who hadn't "drank the Kool-Aid."
On Feb. 27, 1980, Jeannie's worst fears came true. She and her husband were found murdered in their suburban Berkeley home. Their 15-year-old daughter, Daphne, was rushed to Alta Bates Hospital, only to die two days later. All of them had been shot execution-style in the head with a .22-caliber pistol.
Rumors of a Peoples Temple Hit Squad seized the public imagination, but police focused their investigation on Eddie Mills, Jeannie's 17-year-old son from a previous marriage.
Eddie was eight when his parents joined Peoples Temple in 1969. Shortly after the Mills family moved from Hayward to Ukiah to be closer to their new church, Jeannie convinced herself that Eddie had developed an irregular heartbeat. Although doctors never diagnosed or treated the condition, Jeannie believed that Rev. Jones had miraculously cured it through telepathy.
"From that day forward, Eddie was able to play as hard as any boy," Jeannie Mills wrote in Six Years with God: Life Inside Reverend Jim Jones's Peoples Temple, the memoir she published shortly before her death.
But Eddie's savior soon became his tormentor, as the boy was subjected to the beatings and sleep deprivation that were a routine part of life in Peoples Temple. The trauma didn't stop for Eddie when his family severed ties with Jones' organization in 1974. Most of his childhood friends were among the more than 200 children who lost their lives at Jonestown.
On the night of Feb. 27, 1980, Eddie was at home watching TV while the rest of his family were slain in other rooms of their modest cottage. Eddie told police he didn't hear any gunshots, and neither did the Mills'neighbors, thus lending credence to the teenager's innocence. One neighbor did report seeing a van leave the neighborhood around the time of the murders, stoking speculation that Jones loyalists had stealthily executed the Mills family.
There was one wrinkle in Eddie's story: the boy had gunpowder residue on his hands. Nonetheless, police didn't press the issue, and Eddie Mills remained a free man for 25 years.
In December 2005, he was detained by customs officials while reentering the U.S. from his home in Japan. Berkeley cold case investigator Russ Lopes believed he had put together an airtight case against Mills over the years. However, with just 48 hours to charge Mills with murder, Alameda County prosecutor Chris Carpenter didn't feel his office had time to review the evidence, so he cut Eddie loose.
"Eddie Mills gets away with murder, and it's outrageous," Lopes raged at the Oakland Tribune.
"Even if you're not absolutely, 100 percent sure you'll win at trial, you take it to trial and let a jury decide," Lopes later told the San Francisco Chronicle. "Weaker cases have gone to trial."
Linda Mertle, Eddie's sister whose harsh punishment in 1974 urged her family to leave Peoples Temple, championed her brother's innocence.
"I'm just glad (Eddie's) home," she told the Oakland Tribune. "My personal opinion is it's an easy way out. They don't want to do the footwork to find out who really did this."
And who really did it?
Without the closure of a trial and a conviction, nobody really knows. The Berkeley Police closed the case, but the murder of Al, Jeannie, and Daphne Mills remains a mystery.
Eddie Mills returned to Japan where he now lives with his wife and two children.


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On May 21, 1971, Motown Records released an album unique to its vast, already classic catalog: a suite of protest songs, railing, albeit softly and with an undeniable groove, about the planet's woes and the pain of war. With What's Going On, Marvin Gaye forever changed the sound and subject matter of popular music, influencing and inspiring every generation since. Formerly Motown's reigning smooth-faced, smiling, mass-appeal artist, this album was Gaye's departure for the bearded, brooding, reflective, angry artist he would become. His first self-production, the album was written, sung and solely produced by Gaye.
Forty years on, the album remains a timeless classic. Speaking boldly and passionately about social issues on the street unlike any other album before, What's Going On provided a soundtrack to life in America—and still does. It was a smash from the start and it's still one of Rolling Stone magazine's top ten Greatest Albums of All Time. Two songs from this album are in the Grammy® Hall of Fame, which honors the most important recordings in history.
In celebration of the 40th anniversary, Motown/UMe proudly announces the release of What's Going On – Super Deluxe Edition, on May 31, 2011. This new Super Deluxe Edition includes two CDs and one vinyl LP, 14 unreleased tracks, copious rarities, all complemented by an oversized booklet with two essays and rare photos from the original cover shoot. Inside as well is a reproduction of the album graphics, which showcased, for the first time at Motown, the song's lyrics—and identified the musicians.
Leading off this lovingly produced, double-gatefold 12x12 package is a newly remastered version of the original album, which delivers a deeper, warmer sound than in previous reissues. Added to the album on Disc 1 are several outtakes from sessions that led up to the recording of the LP—the original mix of the title song Marvin presented to Motown's legendary Quality Control meeting, where it was summarily rejected; and song demos which show Marvin wrestling with the rejection—as well as the album's three mono single releases, each of which reached No. 1 R&B and Top 10 pop: "What's Going On" (in a very different mix than the LP), "Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)" and "Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)," plus their B-sides, of which two are alternate takes from the familiar LP versions.
Disc 2 of What's Going On – Super Deluxe Edition is a document of the album's aftermath, when Marvin Gaye, reluctant to tour and shy about becoming the "spokesman of his generation," holed up in Motown's Studio B in Detroit with like-minded musicians—among them the young guitarists Ray Parker Jr. and Wah Wah Watson, and the 20-year-old bassist Michael Henderson, fresh from a Miles Davis tour—and simply jammed over several days. These tracks, mostly instrumental, are as brooding and funky as the What's Going On album cover. The rest of the disc includes Gaye's final sessions in Detroit; among the few tunes he recorded was a sequel of sorts to the album, the politically tinged non-LP single "You're The Man," which hit the R&B top 10 in spring 1972. Also included are two rare alternate takes of the song.
Capping this special release is the first ever 12-inch vinyl LP of the "Detroit Mix" of What's Going On, the original, darker mix of the entire album, left behind when Gaye decided to finish the overdubs in Los Angeles.
Inside is an LP-sized booklet with rare photos from the sessions, the original lyrics, detailed recording annotations and two essays: one by Gaye biographer David Ritz describing the "Why" Marvin Gaye created his first-ever self-produced album, and another detailing the "How" by Ben Edmonds, author of What's Going On: Marvin Gaye and The Last Days Of The Motown Sound.
The anniversary will also be marked on stage this summer when Rickey Minor, Stevie Wonder and Friends (including special guest Janelle Monáe) perform a July 24 Hollywood Bowl concert concluding with a tribute to What's Going On. In May of next year, at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC, the National Symphony Orchestra with John Legend and The Roots will collaborate for a special What's Going On concert to note the 40th anniversary of Gaye's legendary performance at that venue.


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It's official, John Lewis, Marks & Spencer, Tesco and Sainsbury's have released their Christmas ads and started the battle of Christmas, so it's real and it's happening: Christmas is definitely on the way!
But are you ready for Christmas? There's plenty to organise before the big day gets here: the tree, the turkey and the trimmings, the gifts and the house!
Do you have a group of little elves at home trying to sniff out their Christmas presents and no matter how hard you hide them around the house, they still manage to hunt them down to give them a shake or a rattle? Or are you just a bit short on space for the bigger presents like bikes, scooters and dolls houses?
Are you hosting Christmas this year? Do you need to clear the living room to make space for the blow up beds to have somewhere for the extended family to stay, but have nowhere to clear the clutter to?
Here at Masons Self Storage, we can help! We have a range of self storage units varying in sizes from 25sqft to 1000sqft that are available with flexible contracts that are perfect for helping you to prepare for Christmas. With self storage units starting from just £5 a week, our storage units are a great value option for prepping your home for Christmas.
We're based just a ten minute drive from Cardiff Bay and open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, so no matter what time you need to gain access to your storage unit, you can pop down as often as you life. Plus, you can rest assured that your presents and belongings are safe and sound with us, our recently renovated facility is completely covered by 24 hour CCTV and your unit is protected by your personal PIN code.
So let us help you get ready for Christmas!


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THE idea of Pakistan today is not the idea that was created in the 1930s, or 1940s, or even 1947 in British India. It has evolved over time. Today, as the country turns 75 years old, the first Pakistanis in independent Pakistan are lucky to still be alive. The average life expectancy of Pakistan today is barely above 67 years, compared with 70 in neighbouring India and 73 in Bangladesh, once part of Pakistan.
Many Pakistanis born in the first year of independence may well have passed on. Yet, Pakistan survives against all odds and, if it makes the right choices, it could survive beyond the fears and prognostications of many inside and outside the country and meet the challenges of the 21st century. Some would say Pakistan's survival has been nothing short of a miracle, because the global map is forever changing.
As scholar Tanisha Fazal indicates in her seminal study entitled State Death, half the countries on the face of the earth in 1816 do not exist today. Nearer home, in the mid-1700s, just before the British incursions began in the area then loosely known as India, there were more than 20 independent and autonomous states and entities on the map of greater South Asia, encompassing portions of modern Afghanistan and Iran and geographic South Asia. Only a handful survive today. The rest have disappeared as a result of conquests or mergers.
This should serve as a warning to those in Pakistan who think that the state of Pakistan is immutable and not subject to the laws of change that confront every nation. It is not just because of invasion or occupation that countries disintegrate. The rot that weakens their structure starts within societies and polities. Disunity, indiscipline and selfish disregard for the common weal more often than not are the trigger for disintegration and disappearance of nations. There is no immunity, not even for God's chosen Land of the Pure.
Shuja Nawaz asserts that repeated crises have led to a derailing of our constitutional order. Yet, a transformation driven by the youth may enable Pakistan to confront its formidable challenges.
Urge for freedom
How did we get to where the Islamic Republic of Pakistan finds itself today? Let us go down memory lane and pause at some key milestones, so we cannot be accused of selective amnesia, a disease that sometimes appears to be endemic in the homeland and its leaders.
The bubbling urge for independence from British rule combined with the creation of representative government in British India arose in the early 20th century with an all-India conference of political parties in 1928. That conference was a response to a challenge from the British in the face of the boycott by Indian parties of the Simon Commission, composed entirely of Britishers, that was to examine the Government of India Act of 1919. The British alleged that the natives were incapable of coming up with a constitution on their own. The major parties took up that challenge.
The all-parties conference included the All-India Liberal Federation, All-India Muslim League, Sikh Central League and others. The conference, on May 19, 1928, constituted a committee to draft the Constitution. Some of the notable members of this committee were Motilal Nehru (chairman), Sir Ali Imam, Tej Bahadur Sapru and Subhas Chandra Bose. M.R. Jayakar and Annie Besant joined the committee later. Jawaharlal Nehru, Motilal's son, was appointed the secretary.
The committee was given the brief "to consider and determine the principles of the Constitution of India along with the problem of communalism and issue of dominion status."
Their end-product, the Nehru Report, was a remarkably wide and deep document and indeed ended up serving as a template for the future 1950 Constitution of independent India. Among its notable features were: "a section on fundamental rights: the right to free expression and opinion, equality before the law, right to bear arms, freedom of conscience, free profession and propagation of religion. The most remarkable provision was the right to free and elementary education. The Report introduced a parliamentary system of government along with universal adult suffrage. On the communal question, the Report proposed reservation for Muslims in legislatures, however, these were restricted to only those constituencies where Muslims were in a minority. Also, there was no mention of separate electorates for Muslims."
The last point reflected a division between the Muslim League and the Indian National Congress and upended their earlier agreement under the Lucknow Pact of 1916.
After declaring that all citizens were equal, the draft constitution stated boldly: "There shall be no state religion for the Commonwealth of India or for any province in the Commonwealth, nor shall the state either directly or indirectly endow any religion or give any preference or impose any disability on account of religious belief or religious status."
The divide between the successor states of India, that is Bharat as per the Indian Constitution, and Pakistan, the increasingly Islamist state, was being defined even then, though contemporary India appears now to be increasingly elevating Bharat (one who carries a light while searching for knowledge) above the secular India (the Grecian name for the Land Beyond the Indus) that its founders envisaged.
Muslim views
The Nehru Report that emerged from those deliberations led to a sharpening of Muslim views on preserving their cultural and political separateness, both as a majority in some provinces and as a minority in others.
These ideas took shape in the All-Parties Muslim Conference designed to coalesce the views of the different Muslim groups. This 1929 conference in Delhi, presided by the then Aga Khan, leader of the Ismaili sect of Shia Muslims, reflected the views of most of the Muslim groups, and presented their thoughts on what sort of a federal structure needed to emerge from the unitary colonial structure of British India. The key elements included: a federal system with total autonomy and residuary powers for the constituent states; Muslims representatives elected through separate electorates; Muslims would have proportional electoral weightage in the Hindu-majority provinces and would extend the same privilege to non-Muslim minorities in Sindh, the then North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), and Balochistan; Muslims to have a proportionate share in the central and provincial cabinets; and Muslim majority would be maintained in all Muslim-majority provinces, especially in the then united Bengal and Punjab.
Iqbal's proposal
A further cleavage between Congress and the Muslims of British India emerged with the active appearance of poet and philosopher Muhammad Iqbal who began to define the outlines of a federated state to succeed British India, in other words a Muslim state within a state.
In a rebuttal to the Nehru Report, he presented in his presidential address to the Muslim League meeting of 1930 the idea that "proper redistribution [of power] will make the question of joint and separate electorates automatically disappear from the constitutional controversy of India".
He saw the pluralism and diversity of India as a plus and a foundation to build a viable confederation. "The units of Indian society are not territorial as in European countries. India is a continent of human groups belonging to different races, speaking different languages, and professing different religions. Their behaviour is not at all determined by a common race-consciousness. Even the Hindus do not form a homogeneous group."
He supported the resolution of the 1929 All-Parties Muslim Conference at Delhi that demanded "the creation of a Muslim India within India" and spelt out his prescient proposal for a new Muslim state:
"I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a single State. Self-government within the British Empire, or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India."
The Nehru Report had rejected this idea as being unwieldy so Iqbal proposed the possibility of sloughing off the Ambala Division of Punjab that did not have a majority Muslim population as well as some other districts that had a non-Muslim majority, to make the new entity less unwieldy.
He then went on to state forcefully: "India is the greatest Muslim country in the world. The life of Islam as a cultural force in the country very largely depends on its centralisation in a specified territory."
Should we imagine what he might have thought of the Radcliffe dissection of the Punjab leading to the bloody partition that Lord Mountbatten unleashed upon the subcontinent?
Rahmat Ali's idea
A riposte to the Iqbal proposals came from a Muslim student in the United Kingdom who put forward his idea in 1933 for a separate state called originally PAKSTAN (later spell-checked by others to become PAKISTAN). His pamphlet entitled Now or Never was written as "an appeal on behalf of the thirty million Muslims of PAKISTAN, who live in the five Northern Units of India — Punjab, North-West Frontier (Afghan) Province, Kashmir, Sindh and Balochistan. It embodies their demand for the recognition of their national status, as distinct from the other inhabitants of India, by the grant to Pakistan [not his original spelling] of a separate Federal Constitution on religious, social and historical grounds."
Rahmat Ali, who is credited with being the first to come up with the name 'Pakistan', argued: "India, constituted as it is at the present moment, is not the name of one single country; nor the home of one single nation. It is, in fact, the designation of a State created by the British for the first time in history. It includes peoples who have never previously formed part of the Indian nation at any period of its history, but who have, on the contrary, from the dawn of history till the advent of the British, possessed and retained distinct nationalities of their own.
One of such peoples is our own nation. In the five Northern Provinces of India, out of a total population of about forty million, we, the Muslims, constitute about thirty millions."
He then went on to enumerate the separation between Muslims and the majority Hindu population. "We do not inter-dine; we do not inter-marry. Our national customs and calendars, even our diet and dress are different."
The evolution of the idea of Pakistan as a separate nation within India was taking root and giving a new platform for Mohammad Ali Jinnah the "ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity" as he acquired the leadership of the Muslim League and began to forge a coalition of support for a separate homeland for Muslims. First inside India and then, as a second-best option it seems, outside India after Nehru became intransigent in recognising Muslim demands.
Rahmat Ali demurred and raised the ante for Jinnah by seeking the creation of not one but three Muslim homelands out of British India, Pakistan in the northwest, Osmanistan in the south (the erstwhile Hyderabad state) and Bangistan in Bengal.
Jinnah may well have agreed to this idea had it been practicable in his view, but he feared that the British would end up giving Muslims what he called "a truncated or mutilated, moth-eaten Pakistan" [text of Jinnah's statement in New Delhi of May 4, 1947]. That is what, in fact, transpired. He got a country of two wings that was separated by a thousand miles of hostile India.
On the way to independence, Jinnah had to contend with the fractious Round Table Conferences of 1930-32 in London that further strengthened the view among the Indians that they needed to seek an autonomous dominion status. Then came the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 that was a last-minute British attempt to continue to have some control and influence over the defence and foreign relations of India.
It suggested groupings according to their communal roots and preferences, allowing both provinces and princely states to form groups within the Indian Union, that would have a legislature and executive, and significant autonomy. Both Congress and the Muslim League initially accepted the idea, but then Nehru said he did not approve the idea of religious groupings. This was a big factor in Jinnah's decision to seek a separate state for the Muslims of India.
Did Jinnah, who now carried the title of Quaid-i-Azam, wish his Pakistan to be a homeland for Muslims to order their lives while protecting the rights of all sects and religions to practise their religion as they saw fit? Yes, if you go by his oft-quoted speech to the Constituent Assembly. In a speech loaded with homilies on many topics, including corruption, black marketeering, nepotism etc., Jinnah was firm in giving directions to the new state and its citizens:
"If you change your past and work together in a spirit that every one of you, no matter to what community he belongs, no matter what relations he had with you in the past, no matter what is his colour, caste, or creed, is first, second and last a citizen of this State with equal rights, privileges and obligations, there will be no end to the progress you will make."
'You are free …'
He emphasised that over time "the differences between the Hindu community and the Muslim community — and even within both communities between Pathans, Punjabis, Shias, Sunnis and so on, and among the Hindus between Brahmins, Vashnavas, Khatris, as well as regional identities such as Bengalees, Madrasis and so on — would vanish".
He then issued his most quoted ruling for the fledgling state: "You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place or worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed — that has nothing to do with the business of the State."
But to other audiences on his campaign trail, his speeches had a narrower focus. He dropped hints of a state religion by emphasising the role of Islam in governance, eventually giving weight to the argument of the Islamists who began dismantling Jinnah's Pakistan soon after his untimely demise barely a year after independence. (After supporting the idea of a global Muslim ummah and even emigration from Hindu-dominated India to the Muslim states to the West, the Jamaat-i-Islami leader Maulana Abul Ala Maududi had reluctantly begun to accept the concept of a Muslim nation-state.)
Jinnah was not to know that his new state would be transmogrified over time into a religious state and a security state. And his closest lieutenant Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan would banish the idealistic Rahmat Ali into exile and poverty in England, where even his initial burial expenses had to be borne by his alma mater, Cambridge University.
Jinnah definitely wanted to keep the military out of politics and cordoned off from Pakistani society, continuing the British model. Something that a couple of senior officers at the Staff College in Quetta said to him seems to have sparked his rebuke to those military men who wished to intrude into government.
He would have cringed to learn that those who ended up ruling Pakistan chose to ignore his ruling: "During my talks with one or two very high-ranking officers I discovered that they did not know the implications of the Oath taken by the troops of Pakistan. Of course, an oath is only a matter of form; what are more important are the true spirit and the heart.
But it is an important form, and I would like to take the opportunity of refreshing your memory by reading the prescribed oath to you. 'I solemnly affirm, in the presence of Almighty God, that I owe allegiance to the Constitution and Dominion of Pakistan [mark the words Constitution and the Government of the Dominion of Pakistan] and that I will as in duty bound honestly and faithfully serve in the Dominion of Pakistan Forces and go within the terms of my enrolment wherever I may be ordered by air, land or sea and that I will observe and obey all commands of any officer set over me …"
In brief, the Quaid-i-Azam established civilian supremacy in the fledgling democracy that he helped carve out of British India. But he had bequeathed to Pakistan a weak elite group of 'outsiders' from northern India and Bengal as well as local feudals. Some of them had hoped their patrons in the British Indian Union would remain. And then there were the bureaucrats, who made alliances over time with different power groups to retain control over the machinery of state.
Trend of military rule
One emerging power group in the days after Jinnah's death in 1948 was in the army, as ambitious officers who felt, among other things, that their political leadership had failed to prosecute the Kashmir War effectively, a war that some of them had orchestrated and even managed for the civilian leaders. They conspired to take control of the young state. Their coup attempt in 1951 was foiled but it prepared the ground for the first military dictator of Pakistan, General Mohammad Ayub Khan, to take over from the president of Pakistan in 1958. This set the trend for more military rulers, as the Constitution was set aside as needed, often with the aid of a compliant judiciary.
Thus emerged the Doctrine of Necessity, a judicial artefact to disguise the suborning of the Constitution by giving political and legal cover to military usurpers seeking legitimacy for their extra-constitutional usurpation of power.
Pakistan and Nigeria competed with each other in using the fig leaf of the Doctrine of Necessity. The current Article 6 of the Constitution of Pakistan, aimed at deterring usurpation of power, has not been an effective prophylactic against the continuous intrusion of ambitious military leaders in acquiring additional powers or intruding into civilian space.
The 1958 coup of Gen Ayub, the illegal appointment of Gen Yahya Khan as his successor in 1969, the forcible removal in 1999 of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif by a group of senior officer to prevent Sharif's bizarre removal of Gen Pervez Musharraf as army chief while he was in the air on his way home from Sri Lanka; all these damaged the idea of Pakistan as a democracy.
'Same page' phenomenon
The absence of accountability in this regard has been glaring and has led to the creation of a parallel shadow government similar to that practised by the military Abri in Indonesia during the Suharto regime. The Dwi Fungsi approach that I wrote about in my book Crossed Swords and that Stanley Crouch has well covered in his writings is reflected in the often-cited explanation of civil-military unity of being 'on the same page'. In fact, it remains a situation of being on the same page but in different books. The misalliance between the weak civil and the powerful military persists and continually weakens the state.
Parallel to the acquisition of greater power and stature by climbing up the ladder of the Warrant of Precedence (rank order of government officials), the military has taken or been gifted by weak-kneed civilian leaders a greater role in the economic and political life of Pakistan. An expanding culture of entitlement has facilitated wealth acquisition at the expense of the state, by both civil and military elites. UNDP estimates roughly $17.4 billion of such 'elite capture', equal to 6pc of its GDP that is draining Pakistan's struggling economy.
When accusations abound of double dipping by senior military officers, in terms of salaries and perquisites, by virtue of their rank and holding of parallel positions in the civilian sector or in state enterprises and subsidised 'welfare' organisations, they weaken the compact between the people and their army in Pakistan.
Public sharing of information on such perks and benefits and accounting in the public domain and within parliament would dull such criticism. Unfortunately, successive civilian governments have assisted in broadening these benefits to placate and corrupt the military and its top-tier leadership. Military leaders have helped the rot by accepting such benefits as their due.
A new wrinkle was the use for political purposes of selective extensions of service for military leaders that created further tensions within the services. Ending such behaviour, characterised by Mancur Olson as the work of "stationary bandits", would remove a widening stain on the state elites and the armed forces, and restore their professionalism.
Islamisation of state
Finally, ritualisation of religion, and the Islamisation of the army, presented in the early days via the Objectives Resolution of the Constituent Assembly and later solidified by Gen Ziaul Haq, has become an ingrained system. This has been bolstered by the Islamisation of the educational curricula and even the history of Pakistan in Pakistani schools. In short, the ethos is being changed over time.
Meanwhile the rump of the state of Pakistan that came into being in 1947 today remains a fractured and imbalanced federation of unequal provinces in terms of economic and political power and population. Interprovincial battles over dwindling resources, including water and power, and the emergence of disaffected youth in the periphery have created opportunities for hostile neighbours to attempt to weaken Pakistan.
The centrifugal forces seem to be edging out the centripetal forces that have held Pakistan together for 75 years. The unity, faith and discipline that Jinnah's Pakistan was built upon will need to battle for survival against the forces of greed and division as represented in the kleptocracy and dynasticism in today's Pakistan.
The misalliance between the civil and the military has been mirrored also in Pakistan's external relations. Over time, Pakistan's selfish leaders welded bonds with global powers in unequal agreements that allowed them to cede their national sovereignty in return for financial support and strengthening of their autocratic systems of rule. Political dynasties became the norm in religious and non-religious parties. Ironically, only the Jamaat-i-Islami appears to have some semblance of internal democracy.
Nationwide, democracy and economic development suffered, as a result. This has been the sad history of these first 75 years of Pakistan, a homeland built on the dreams and blood of millions who gave their all to move to the new state in 1947.
Yet, there are those that wish to take Pakistan into the competitive modern world before it reaches its first century. Among them are the youth of the country, especially the women of Pakistan, who have shown a resilience and a thirst for education that makes them world competitors.
Most of these cohorts were born in the last decade of the 20th century. If this youth cohort of 110 million and their elders together take a good hard look at the first 75 years of Pakistan, they may well strengthen its foundations as a modern and progressive state.
They face a host of challenges: elite capture, climate change and a rapidly deteriorating environment and depleting water resources, a weak educational system, hostile neighbours, and increasing global competition among superpowers, like China and the United States, that promises to engulf smaller countries.
Pakistan deserves to complete its first century of existence much higher on the global development scale and secure itself against all challenges from within and without. The counterfactual of a state further divided or erased from the atlases of the future is unimaginable and entirely unacceptable for everyone who knows the history of the freedom movement of Pakistan and wishes to make it a permanent monument to Iqbal, Rahmat Ali, Jinnah, and all the heroes who defined and defended the shining idea of Pakistan.
The writer was the first director of the South Asia Center at the Atlantic Council in Washington DC, January 2009 through October 2014. He is currently a Distinguished Fellow at the Center. He is the author of The Battle for Pakistan: The Bitter US Friendship and a Tough Neighbourhood (Penguin Random House, and Liberty Books, Pakistan 2019 and Rowman & Littlefield 2020), and Crossed Swords: Pakistan, its Army, and the Wars Within (Oxford University Press 2008 and 2017). www.shujanawaz.com


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Leandro Bisiach I, Milan, c. 1910
Violin: 32231
Labeled, "Leandro Bisiach, Milano 1898."
Back: One-piece
Length of back: 35.5 cm
Upper bouts: 17.0 cm
Middle bouts: 11.4 cm
Lower bouts: 21.1 cm
There are 5 additional images in the archive which are not available publicly. Please contact us for more information.
until 2012 | Anonymous |
in 2012 | Sold by Tarisio |
from 2012 | Current owner |
Certificates & Documents
- Certificate: Reuning & Son Violins, Boston, MA (2001) #363.
- Certificate: Reuning & Son Violins, Boston, MA
Cozio holds copies of many certificates and other documents, some of which are available to view on request. Please contact us if you wish to view a particular document. (Note that we do not always have permission to share documents.)
- Tarisio Fine Musical Instruments Auction Catalog, March 5, 2012, London, Tarisio, Tarisio, London


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Press Release: Resources and Best Practices for Workforce Transition to Zero Emission Buses Released by Transit Workforce Center
In conjunction with the Low or No Emission and Grants for Buses and Bus Facilities Competitive Programs FY2022 Notice of Funding announcement on Monday by Vice President Kamala Harris and Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg, the Transit Workforce Center (TWC) released the "Resources and Best Practices for a Zero Emission-Workforce Fleet Transition Plan" in partnership with the Federal Transit Administration.
Under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, transit agencies using the expanded Low or No Emission and Grants for Buses and Bus Facilities Competitive Program to purchase new bus equipment must submit a plan for implementing a transition to a ZEB fleet. The TWC resources and best practices go step-by-step, providing general approaches, key considerations, best practices, and helpful resources for agencies' development of workforce transition plans, optimizing the potential for success.
"With the availability of the additional funding from the federal government, we find ourselves in a rare time where agencies have the opportunity to prepare a transition with the federal government providing some of the financial resources they will need," said Jack Clark, Executive Director of International Transportation Learning Center, which administers TWC activities. "These resources are designed to support those transition plans in a functional process as they upskill their current workforce, and where new hiring is needed, create opportunities to attract to the industry young workers and people from underrepresented communities, including low-income individuals, people of color, and women."
The resources and best practices are designed to examine and address unique workforce needs while providing agencies with the building blocks to develop and implement strategic workforce development plans. They also give agencies operating with joint labor-management partnerships, such as registered apprenticeships, a head start.
"We like to call this resource tool a 'living library,' because we will regularly assess and supply additional resources on an ongoing basis," said Deputy Director Xinge Wang. "The transition to ZEBs is very exciting, but it must have a thorough and thoughtful approach to be successful. We are very happy that the TWC and FTA were able to work together to aid in making this a smoother process for agencies across the country."
The Low or No Emission and Grants for Buses and Bus Facilities Competitive Programs FY2022 Notice of Funding announcement can be accessed at: https://www.transit.dot.gov/lowno The TWC Resources and Best Practices for a Zero Emission-Workforce Fleet Transition Plan can be accessed at: https://www.transportcenter.org/zeb


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Real Happiness is a Vedic Meditation School located in Rishikesh, India (The World Capital of Yoga). The school offers Meditation and Yoga Study and Retreats, Wellness and Holistic Programs, Indian Cultural and Spirituality focused programs and much more. We have advanced Meditation Teacher Training Programs for those who want to become Meditation Trainers or Organizers.
For beginners level students, we have many programs such as 1-week Meditation Retreat, 2 weeks Meditation Program, Indian Philosophy study program and Beginner Kundalini Meditation Training. So even if you are not from a spiritual background, you can start from the beginning and get profound results. The courses designed for only beginners can be so helpful if you are facing problems like stress, anxiety, and depression.
For advanced level students, we have advance trainings such as Kundalini Meditation Training, Srimad Bhagavad Geeta Philosophy study, Advance Lifestyle Sadhana course and much more. Because whatever you don't know is always in a large amount than what you know. So, we have seen the world from a new window and we are ready to share our experiences.


text: Believe it or not, Andrea Giraldo is a different beauty from the one we've featured a couple of months back. They may share the same name and it's slowly dawning on us that it's quite a common name. There's nothing uncommon about their loveliness though and we're really happy about that. Andrea's quite active in Twitter and if you're fluent in Spanish, then it would do you good if you follow her.


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The Boker Scout has been firmly connected with our name since 1985. The classic pocket knife with backlock lock has always been a fixed part of our assortment over the years and has already been produced in numerous variations. The completely newly designed Spearpoint blade with elegant ricasso on the back of the blade makes the Scout look more modern and dynamic without being obtrusive or even aggressive. It is made of hand-forged damascus by Chad Nichols from the USA and is opened by nail nick. The stainless damascus in Coibelt pattern is ice-hardened to 59 HRC. This makes the Scout a sturdy knife for everyday use that combines classic, elegance and utility in an almost inimitable way. With lanyard hole and dark scales made of stabilised ironwood. Handmade in the Boker knife manufactory Solingen. Delivery with individual serial number in a noble floating display with certificate of authenticity.
Blade Length:: | 7,9 cm |
Blade thickness:: | 2,9 mm |
Color: | Mud Brown |
Handle Material:: | Nickel Silver, Stag |
Product Code: | 112201DAM |
Lock Type:: | Slipjoint |
Overall Length:: | 18,2 cm |
Type: | Pocket Knife |
Weight (g): | 167 g |
Blade Material:: | Damascus |


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PUF Ventures Inc. (CSE: PUF) (Frankfurt: PU3) (OTCPK: PUFXF) is very pleased to announce that it has been added to the Canadian Securities Exchange (the "CSE") Composite Index effective at the close of trading on Friday, December 16, 2016. As a requirement for consideration a company's securities must fall within the top quartile of eligible securities listed on the CSE.
Mr. Ivany, President and CEO of the Company, comments, "We appreciate this recognition from the CSE. We will continue to execute on our business plan with the support of our stakeholders and the platform for growth which the CSE provides."
Additionally, as noted on the CSE website, "The CSE Composite Index is a broad indicator of market activity for the CSE. With approximately 75% coverage of all equities listed on the CSE it is a uniquely positioned gauge of the Canadian small cap market. The index provides a distinctly different risk/return profile than the broad Canadian equity market. The CSE Composite Index calculation agent calculates indices for 160 clients in Europe, America and Asia."
About PUF Ventures Inc.
PUF Ventures Inc. is moving into the Bio Medical Cannabis sector by purchasing a 100% interest in AAA Heidelberg, a private Ontario company that has applied for an ACMPR license. Although the Company cannot guarantee nor estimate the timing for the issuance of a license to AAA Heidelberg, it is PUF's goal to become the next publicly traded Canadian company to be granted a new medical marijuana production license.
VapeTronix, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is in the process of expanding its 1313 brand of electronic cigarettes, Marijuana Vape delivery devices and associated technologies.
Derek Ivany
President & CEO
No stock exchange or securities regulatory authority has reviewed or accepted responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Some of the statements contained in this release are forward-looking statements, such as estimates and statements that describe the Issuer's future plans, objectives or goals, including words to the effect that the Issuer or management expects a stated condition or result to occur. Since forward-looking statements address future events and conditions, by their very nature, they involve inherent risks and uncertainties.
SOURCE PUF Ventures
For further information: Suite 804 – 750 West Pender Street, Vancouver, BC, V6C 2T7, T: (647) 241-4767, F: (604) 685-6905, W: www.pufventures.com


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Samsung has announced the date for the launch event of its next flagship. You will be able to see Samsung launch Galaxy S10 live on Samsung's website on February 20, around 1 month from now. The signature Unpacked event will be streamed from the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium at 12:00 AM Pakistan Time.
The invite does not reveal a lot except the number 10, signifying the 10 years since the launch of the first Galaxy smartphone. It also hints at thin bezels that we can expect from the upcoming flagship.
Samsung is expected to announce three variants of Galaxy S10 and will save the 5G model for later this year. It is also expected to finally reveal its long-rumored foldable phone.
2019 is going to be an important year for Samsung, as just like Apple it was forced to reduce smartphone profits. This was due to the plateauing smartphone market and the Galaxy S9 failing to meet expectations.
What should you expect from the event?
Samsung should announce three variants of Galaxy S10, with displays starting from 5.8 inches and stretching all the way up to 6.4 inches with all using Samsung's Infinity-O OLED panels.
The 5.8 inches, Galaxy S10 Lite, will come with a side mounted fingerprint sensor and house a 3100 mAh battery. This is going to be the budget model, just like the iPhone XR.
The standard S10 will house an in screen ultrasonic fingerprint sensor behind a 6.1 inch and pack a bigger 3500 mAh battery.
The Galaxy S10+, has a 6.4-inch display, in-screen fingerprint sensor, and a 4000 mAh battery. Unlike its siblings, it should have two front-facing cameras and up to three rear-facing cameras.
The new flagship should house the latest 7nm chips like the Snapdragon 855 and Exynos 9820. In addition to that, it will have 6GB of ram and up to 512GB of storage.
The variable aperture camera will be upgraded. A new 16MP f1.9 wide-angle camera and a 13MP f2.4 telephoto cameras will also be present. Samsung is also rumored to be working a new low light mode similar to Pixel's night mode. The triple camera setup might be exclusive to the Galaxy S10+.


text: FREEDOM, Liberty; the right to do what is not forbidden by law. Freedom does not preclude the idea of subjection to law; indeed, it presupposes the existence of some legislative provision, the observance of which insures freedom to us, by securing the like observance from others. 2 Har. Cond. L. R. 208.


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Homestead and Florida Probate: We can save your sale!
Watch this short video to learn valuable information regarding homestead property and Florida probate. Find out critical information such as: when a probate is necessary, how long one takes, and who can sell homestead property in Florida.
Attorney Katie White emphasizes four main points in this video:
- Wedding rings are golden: you may not need a probate at all.
- There's no place like homestead: why it is a unique asset in Florida.
- No homestead order, no closing: the order required for your sale, and
- It takes experience: let us help you through this process.
You shouldn't lose your potential sale because of the requirement of a Florida probate. Our experienced probate attorneys have handled hundreds of Florida estates with homestead real property, and we have the knowledge necessary to help you save your sale, or clear the path for a smooth closing after the probate is completed.
Contact us today for a FREE 20-minute initial consultation and to find out how we can help you!


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Domestic extremists continue to exploit false narratives to promote violence online, calling for attacks on members of Congress, public health and school officials, even as they share information about how to build bombs, according to a new intelligence bulletin by the Department of Homeland Security that paints a picture of persistent danger.
The new National Terrorism Advisory System bulletin is expected to be released Wednesday afternoon, according to officials familiar with it.
It replaces an existing bulletin published in August, which said that "ethnically motivated violent extremists and anti-government/anti-authority violent extremists will remain a national threat priority for the United States."
For more on this story, go to NBC News.
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