text:
What Kind of Hero are You?
Many people wonder what kind of super hero they should be, one that shoots energy rays from their hands, one that uses his strength and stamina to protect the innocent, or one that uses the power of their mind to stop criminals in their tracks.
This quiz will tell you in only 18 easy questions what kind of super hero you should be! So make sure you answer honestly, because the better an answer suits you, the more accurate this test will be!


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Go Back

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Third quarter is over and we are getting to bearish enough sentiment. Russia's invasion in Ukraine has escalated but Ukraine has put on a brave fight and seem destined to eventually win this war. Price they have and will pay is enormous but mandatory. Hopefully western nations will only scale up the military support and financial support afterwards. Russia appears to be escalating in Nordic neighbourhood with the explosions in the Nord Stream pipelines and probably more will follow. Then there's the central bank activities with steep rate increases, inflation being somewhat out of hands and overall very pessimistic investor sentiment. Taking all this into account third quarter was somewhat OK as YTD in main dividend portfolio is still positive but performance during third quarter was -3,47%. Dividends before taxes were 1834,10 EUR (169,54 EUR, 190 SEK and 1 633,59 USD).
Assuming that there's no big changes in overall environment, I'll slowly decrease my accumulated cash. Dollar investments will probably be dividend reinvestments unless I'll start converting received dividends into euros and Swedish kronas. Euro zone stocks in focus will probably include at least Kemira and possibly Finnish heavy industry related stocks if/when those will drop enough going towards recession.


text:
Houston ISD Superintendent Terry Grier is presenting the Board of Education today with a plan to offer intensive summer school programs specifically for students who did not pass the new State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR) exams on their first try.
The plan entails hiring as many as 228 extra summer school teachers to help students pass the state exams required for graduation. These exams include the new STAAR end-of-course exams taken by ninth-grade students in the spring, and the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills exit-level exam that is still required for students who entered high school before 2011-2012.
Summer school begins for HISD students on Monday.
This spring, more than 12,000 HISD high school freshmen were the first to attempt the tough end-of-course exams required under STAAR. Much more rigorous than the old Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS), STAAR is the first state assessment system designed to measure whether students are on track to graduate, prepared for success in college and in the workplace.
The Texas Legislature required school districts to prepare students for the tougher STAAR exams in the same year that districts lost $5.4 billion in state funding. HISD campuses operated in 2011-2012 with 835 fewer teachers than in the previous school year and the district has lost about $120 million in state funding.
Students who did not pass the STAAR end-of-course exams or the TAKS exit-level exam get their next opportunity July 9-12. Summer school is not mandatory for students who have not passed the STAAR exams, but attendance is highly encouraged, because passing averages are required for graduation. Texas students now must pass a total of 15 STAAR end-of-course exams by the time they complete high school to receive a diploma.
HISD still had not received complete STAAR exam results from the Texas Education Agency as of Thursday morning, but plans are moving forward to bolster summer school offerings for students in need of help. Under the plan approved Thursday, the district is offering teachers who are chosen to work with students in need of help on the STAAR and TAKS exams an increased pay rate of $50 an hour and bonuses ranging from $150 to $250 for each student who meets performance goals on the STAAR and TAKS retest in July. The maximum bonus payout per teacher is $10,000.
The money to pay for the program is coming from unspent funds in the district's pool of money set aside for teacher performance pay.
Preliminary First-Year STAAR End-of-Course Exam Results
Because the STAAR exams are in their first year of use, the Texas Education Agency is not using results from the 2011-2012 administration for accountability purposes. This means that school ratings will not be based on this year's scores and results are not being used to determine whether students are promoted to the next grade level.
Scores on the STAAR End of Course exams taken by ninth-graders, however, will be used to determine their eventual eligibility for graduation. The majority of HISD freshmen took end-of-course exams this spring in five subjects: English I reading, English I writing, Algebra I, biology, and world geography. HISD is still awaiting full results for all students from the state, and the preliminary results listed below are still subject to change. The preliminary results are as follows:
Reading: 59 percent passing
Writing: 47 percent passing
Algebra I: 79 percent passing
Biology: 84 percent passing
World Geography: 73 percent passing
The number of HISD students who must retake each exam ranges from 6,100 students on the writing exam to 2,100 students in biology.
Other Preliminary STAAR Exam Results
Students in grades 3 through 8 took STAAR exams for the first time this spring as well. The Texas Education Agency has not yet determined the percentage of questions that each student must correctly answer in order to pass those exams. Therefore, each exam's results are being reported in terms of the average percent of questions answered correctly by students at each grade level and in each subject. The average number of questions answered correctly on each exam is as follows. It is important to note that these percentages DO NOT represent passing rates:
Grade 3 Reading: 63 percent; Math: 63 percent
Grade 3 (Spanish-language test takers) Reading: 60 percent; Math: 63 percent
Grade 4 Reading: 64 percent; Math: 59 percent
Grade 4 (Spanish-language test takers) Reading: 61 percent; Math: 65 percent; Writing: 61 percent
Grade 5 Reading: 65 percent; Math: 66 percent; Science: 73 percent
Grade 5 (Spanish-language test takers) Reading: 48 percent; Math 40 percent; Science: 50 percent
Grade 6 Reading: 65 percent; Math: 58 percent
Grade 7 Reading: 64 percent; Math: 46 percent; Writing: 60 percent;
Grade 8 Reading: 65 percent; Math: 52 percent; Science: 61 percent; Social Studies: 52 percent
TAKS Exam Results
The percentage of HISD 10th-grade students passing each subject – English language arts, math, science, and social studies – increased compared to the 2010-2011 school year. The percentage of 11th-grade students passing the math and science TAKS exams increased, while the social studies passing rate remained unchanged at 98 percent. The 11th-grade passing rate in English language arts now stands at 90 percent, a 2-point decline.


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text:
Carbon disulfide
Names | |
IUPAC name
Carbon disulfide
| |
Systematic IUPAC name
Methanedithione | |
Other names
Carbon bisulfide
| |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
1098293 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.767 |
EC Number |
PubChem CID
RTECS number |
UN number | 1131 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
| |
| |
Properties | |
Molar mass | 76.13 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Colorless liquid Impure: light-yellow |
Odor | Pleasant, ether- or chloroform-like Commercial: Foul, like rotten radish |
Density | 1.539 g/cm3 (−186°C) 1.2927 g/cm3 (0 °C) 1.266 g/cm3 (25 °C)[1] |
Melting point | −111.61 °C (−168.90 °F; 161.54 K) |
Boiling point | 46.24 °C (115.23 °F; 319.39 K) |
2.58 g/L (0 °C) 2.39 g/L (10 °C) 2.17 g/L (20 °C)[2] 0.14 g/L (50 °C)[1] | |
Solubility | Soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, oil, CHCl3, CCl4 |
Solubility in formic acid | 4.66 g/100 g[1] |
Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide | 45 g/100 g (20.3 °C)[1] |
Vapor pressure | 48.1 kPa (25 °C) 82.4 kPa (40 °C)[3] |
−42.2·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD)
1.627[4] |
Viscosity | 0.436 cP (0 °C) 0.363 cP (20 °C) |
Structure | |
Linear | |
Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C)
75.73 J/(mol·K)[1] |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
151 J/(mol·K)[1] |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
88.7 kJ/mol[1] |
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
64.4 kJ/mol[1] |
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
1687.2 kJ/mol[3] |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Inhalation hazards
Irritant; neurotoxic |
Eye hazards
Irritant |
Skin hazards
Irritant |
GHS labelling:[4] | |
Danger | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | −43 °C (−45 °F; 230 K)[1] |
Explosive limits | 1.3–50%[5] |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
3188 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
LC50 (median concentration)
>1670 ppm (rat, 1 h) 15500 ppm (rat, 1 h) 3000 ppm (rat, 4 h) 3500 ppm (rat, 4 h) 7911 ppm (rat, 2 h) 3165 ppm (mouse, 2 h)[6] |
LCLo (lowest published)
4000 ppm (human, 30 min)[6] |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
TWA 20 ppm C 30 ppm 100 ppm (30-minute maximum peak)[5] |
REL (Recommended)
TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) ST 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) [skin][5] |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
500 ppm[5] |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds
Carbon dioxide Carbonyl sulfide Carbon diselenide |
Supplementary data page | |
Carbon disulfide (data page) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CS2 and structure S=C=S. It is a colorless, flammable, neurotoxic liquid that is used as a building block in organic synthesis. Pure carbon disulfide has a pleasant, ether- or chloroform-like odor, but commercial samples are usually yellowish and are typically contaminated with foul-smelling impurities.[7]
In 1796, the German chemist Wilhelm August Lampadius (1772–1842) first prepared carbon disulfide by heating pyrite with moist charcoal. He called it "liquid sulfur" (flüssig Schwefel).[8] The composition of carbon disulfide was finally determined in 1813 by the team of the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779–1848) and the Swiss-British chemist Alexander Marcet (1770–1822).[9] Their analysis was consistent with an empirical formula of CS2.[10]
Occurrence, manufacture, properties[edit]
Small amounts of carbon disulfide are released by volcanic eruptions and marshes. CS2 once was manufactured by combining carbon (or coke) and sulfur at 800–1000 °C.[11]
A lower-temperature reaction, requiring only 600 °C, utilizes natural gas as the carbon source in the presence of silica gel or alumina catalysts:[7]
The reaction is analogous to the combustion of methane.
Global production/consumption of carbon disulfide is approximately one million tonnes, with China consuming 49%, followed by India at 13%, mostly for the production of rayon fiber.[12] United States production in 2007 was 56,000 tonnes.[13]
Carbon disulfide is a solvent for phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine, fats, resins, rubber, and asphalt.[14]
In March 2024, traces of CS2 were likely detected in the atmosphere of the temperate mini-Neptune planet TOI-270 d by James Webb Space Telescope.[15]
Combustion of CS2 affords sulfur dioxide according to this ideal stoichiometry:
With nucleophiles[edit]
For example, amines afford dithiocarbamates:[16]
Xanthates form similarly from alkoxides:[16]
- RONa + CS2 → [Na+][ROCS2−]
This reaction is the basis of the manufacture of regenerated cellulose, the main ingredient of viscose, rayon, and cellophane. Both xanthates and the related thioxanthates (derived from treatment of CS2 with sodium thiolates) are used as flotation agents in mineral processing.
Upon treatment with sodium sulfide, carbon disulfide affords trithiocarbonate:[16]
- Na2S + CS2 → [Na+]2[CS32−]
Carbon disulfide does not hydrolyze readily, although the process is catalyzed by an enzyme carbon disulfide hydrolase.
Compared to the isoelectronic carbon dioxide, CS2 is a weaker electrophile. While, however, reactions of nucleophiles with CO2 are highly reversible and products are only isolated with very strong nucleophiles, the reactions with CS2 are thermodynamically more favored allowing the formation of products with less reactive nucleophiles.[17]
Reduction of carbon disulfide with sodium affords sodium 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate together with sodium trithiocarbonate:[18]
- 4 Na + 4 CS2 → Na2C3S5 + Na2CS3
Chlorination of CS2 provides a route to carbon tetrachloride:[7]
This conversion proceeds via the intermediacy of thiophosgene, CSCl2.
Coordination chemistry[edit]
CS2 is a ligand for many metal complexes, forming pi complexes. One example is CpCo(η2-CS2)(PMe3).[19]
CS2 polymerizes upon photolysis or under high pressure to give an insoluble material called car-sul or "Bridgman's black", named after the discoverer of the polymer, Percy Williams Bridgman.[20] Trithiocarbonate (-S-C(S)-S-) linkages comprise, in part, the backbone of the polymer, which is a semiconductor.[21]
The principal industrial uses of carbon disulfide, consuming 75% of the annual production, are the manufacture of viscose rayon and cellophane film.[22]
It is also a valued intermediate in chemical synthesis of carbon tetrachloride. It is widely used in the synthesis of organosulfur compounds such as xanthates, which are used in froth flotation, a method for extracting metals from their ores. Carbon disulfide is also a precursor to dithiocarbamates, which are used as drugs (e.g. Metam sodium) and rubber chemistry.
Niche uses[edit]
It can be used in fumigation of airtight storage warehouses, airtight flat storage, bins, grain elevators, railroad box cars, ship holds, barges and cereal mills.[23] Carbon disulfide is also used as an insecticide for the fumigation of grains, nursery stock, in fresh fruit conservation and as a soil disinfectant against insects and nematodes.[24]
Health effects[edit]
Carbon disulfide has been linked to both acute and chronic forms of poisoning, with a diverse range of symptoms.[25]
Concentrations of 500–3000 mg/m3 cause acute and subacute poisoning. These include a set of mostly neurological and psychiatric symptoms, called encephalopathia sulfocarbonica. Symptoms include acute psychosis (manic delirium, hallucinations), paranoic ideas, loss of appetite, gastrointestinal and sexual disorders, polyneuritis, myopathy, and mood changes (including irritability and anger). Effects observed at lower concentrations include neurological problems (encephalopathy, psychomotor and psychological disturbances, polyneuritis, abnormalities in nerve conduction), hearing problems, vision problems (burning eyes, abnormal light reactions, increased ophthalmic pressure), heart problems (increased deaths for heart disease, angina pectoris, high blood pressure), and reproductive problems (increased miscarriages, immobile or deformed sperm), and decreased immune response.[26][27]
Occupational exposure to carbon disulfide is also associated with cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke.[28]
In 2000, the WHO believed that health harms were unlikely at levels below 100 μg/m3, and set this as a guideline level.[needs update] Carbon sulfide can be smelled at levels above 200 μg/m3, and the WHO recommended a sensory guideline of below 20 μg/m3. Exposure to carbon disulfide is well-established to be harmful to health in concentrations at or above 30 mg/m3 Changes in the function of the central nervous system have been observed at concentrations of 20–25 mg/m3. There are also reports of harms to health at 10 mg/m3, for exposures of 10–15 years, but the lack of good data on past exposure levels make the association of these harms with concentrations of 10 mg/m3 findings uncertain. The measured concentration of 10 mg/m3 may be equivalent to a concentration in the general environment of 1 mg/m3.[26]
Environmental sources[edit]
The primary source of carbon disulfide in the environment is rayon factories.[26] Most global carbon disulfide emissions come from rayon production, as of 2008.[29] Other sources include the production of cellophane, carbon tetrachloride,[29] carbon black, and sulfur recovery. Carbon disulfide production also emits carbon disulfide.[30]
As of 2004[update], about 250 g of carbon disulfide is emitted per kilogram of rayon produced. About 30 g of carbon disulfide is emitted per kilogram of carbon black produced. About 0.341 g of carbon disulfide is emitted per kilogram of sulfur recovered.[30]
Japan has reduced carbon disulfide emissions per kilogram of rayon produced, but in other rayon-producing countries, including China, emissions are assumed to be uncontrolled (based on global modelling and large-scale free-air concentration measurements). Rayon production is steady or decreasing except in China, where it is increasing, as of 2004[update].[30] Carbon black production in Japan and Korea uses incinerators to destroy about 99% of the carbon disulfide that would otherwise be emitted.[30] When used as a solvent, Japanese emissions are about 40% of the carbon disulfide used; elsewhere, the average is about 80%.[30]
Most rayon production uses carbon sulfide.[31][32] One exception is rayon made using the lyocell process, which uses a different solvent; as of 2018[update] the lyocell process is not widely used, because it is more expensive than the viscose process.[33][34] Cuprammonium rayon also does not use carbon disulfide.
Historic and current exposure[edit]
Industrial workers working with carbon disulfide are at high risk. Emissions may also harm the health of people living near rayon plants.[26]
Concerns about carbon disulfide exposure have a long history.[22][35][36]: 79 Around 1900, carbon disulfide came to be widely used in the production of vulcanized rubber. The psychosis produced by high exposures was immediately apparent (it has been reported with 6 months of exposure[26]). Sir Thomas Oliver told a story about a rubber factory that put bars on its windows so that the workers would not jump out to their deaths (suicide).[36]: 17 Carbon disulfide's use in the US as a heavier-than-air burrow poison for Richardson's ground squirrel also led to reports of psychosis. No systematic medical study of the issue was published, and knowledge was not transferred to the rayon industry.[31]
The first large epidemiological study of rayon workers was done in the US in the late 1930s, and found fairly severe effects in 30% of the workers. Data on increased risks of heart attacks and strokes came out in the 1960s. Courtaulds, a major rayon manufacturer, worked hard to prevent publication of this data in the UK.[31] Average concentrations in sampled rayon plants were reduced from about 250 mg/m3 in 1955–1965 to about 20–30 mg/m3 in the 1980s (US figures only?[United States-centric]).[26] Rayon production has since largely moved to the developing world, especially China, Indonesia and India.[32][31]
Rates of disability in modern factories are unknown, as of 2016[update].[32][37] Current manufacturers using the viscose process do not provide any information on harm to their workers.[31][32]
See also[edit]
- Carbon monosulfide
- Carbon subsulfide
- Carbon diselenide
- 1949 Holland Tunnel fire, accident with truck carrying carbon disulfide.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Properties of substance: carbon disulfide". chemister.ru.
- ^ Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1952). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds. Van Nostrand.
- ^ a b Carbon disulfide in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD) (retrieved 2014-05-27).
- ^ a b Sigma-Aldrich Co., Carbon disulfide. Retrieved on 2014-05-27.
- ^ a b c d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0104". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b "Carbon disulfide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ a b c Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
- ^ Lampadius (1796). "Etwas über flüssigen Schwefel, und Schwefel-Leberluft" [Something about liquid sulfur and liver-of-sulfur gas (i.e., hydrogen sulfide)]. Chemische Annalen für die Freunde der Naturlehre, Arzneygelährtheit, Haushaltungskunst und Manufacturen (Chemical Annals for the Friends of Science, Medicine, Economics, and Manufactures) (in German) (2): 136–137.
- ^ Berzelius, J.; Marcet, Alexander (1813). "Experiments on the alcohol of sulphur, or sulphuret of carbon". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 103: 171–199. doi:10.1098/rstl.1813.0026. S2CID 94745906.
- ^ (Berzelius and Marcet, 1813), p. 187.
- ^ Warnecke, Friedrich (1941). "Die gewerbliche Schwefelkohlenstoffvergiftung". Archiv für Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene (in German). 11 (2). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 198–248. doi:10.1007/bf02122927. ISSN 0340-0131. S2CID 72106188.
- ^ "Carbon Disulfide report from IHS Chemical". Retrieved June 15, 2013.
- ^ "Chemical profile: carbon disulfide from ICIS.com". Retrieved June 15, 2013.
- ^ "Carbon Disulfide". Akzo Nobel. Archived from the original on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2010-12-16.
- ^ Benneke, Björn; Roy, Pierre-Alexis; Coulombe, Louis-Philippe; Radica, Michael; Piaulet, Caroline; Ahrer, Eva-Maria; Pierrehumbert, Raymond; Krissansen-Totton, Joshua; Schlichting, Hilke E. (2024-03-05), JWST Reveals CH$_4$, CO$_2$, and H$_2$O in a Metal-rich Miscible Atmosphere on a Two-Earth-Radius Exoplanet, arXiv:2403.03325
- ^ a b c Yokoyama, Masataka; Imamoto, Tsuneo (1984). "Organic Reactions of Carbon Disulfide". Synthesis. 1984 (10). Georg Thieme Verlag KG: 797–824. doi:10.1055/s-1984-30978. ISSN 0039-7881.
- ^ Li, Zhen; Mayer, Robert J.; Ofial, Armin R.; Mayr, Herbert (2020-04-27). "From Carbodiimides to Carbon Dioxide: Quantification of the Electrophilic Reactivities of Heteroallenes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 142 (18): 8383–8402. doi:10.1021/jacs.0c01960. PMID 32338511. S2CID 216557447.
- ^ "4,5-Dibenzoyl-1,3-dithiole-1-thione". Org. Synth. 73: 270. 1996. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.073.0270.
- ^ Werner, Helmut (1982). "Novel Coordination Compounds formed from CS2 and Heteroallenes". Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 43: 165–185. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(00)82095-0.
- ^ Bridgman, P.W. (1941). "Explorations toward the limit of utilizable pressures". Journal of Applied Physics. 12 (6): 461–469. Bibcode:1941JAP....12..461B. doi:10.1063/1.1712926.
- ^ Ochiai, Bungo; Endo, Takeshi (2005). "Carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide as resources for functional polymers". Progress in Polymer Science. 30 (2): 183–215. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2005.01.005.
- ^ a b Lay, Manchiu D. S.; Sauerhoff, Mitchell W.; Saunders, Donald R.; "Carbon Disulfide", in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2000 doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_185
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ Worthing, Charles R.; Hance, Raymond J. (1991). The Pesticide Manual, A World Compendium (9th ed.). British Crop Protection Council. ISBN 9780948404429.
- ^ "ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Carbon Disulfide". www.atsdr.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2020-01-17.
- ^ a b c d e f "Chapter 5.4 : Carbon disulfide". Air Quality Guidelines (PDF) (2 ed.). WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ Preventing hearing loss caused by chemical (ototoxicity) and noise exposure (Report). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 2018-03-01. doi:10.26616/nioshpub2018124.
- ^ "Occupational health and safety – chemical exposure". www.sbu.se. Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU). Archived from the original on 2017-06-06. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
- ^ a b "Carbon Disulfide Health Effects Assessment for HEAC Discussion April 2008". Division of Occupational Safety and Health (DOC). State of California Department of Industrial Relations. April 2008. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Blake, Nicola J. (2004). "Carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide: Large-scale distributions over the western Pacific and emissions from Asia during TRACE-P". Journal of Geophysical Research. 109 (D15): D15S05. Bibcode:2004JGRD..10915S05B. doi:10.1029/2003JD004259. S2CID 43793469.
- ^ a b c d e Swan, Norman; Blanc, Paul (20 February 2017). "The health burden of viscose rayon". ABC Radio National. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d Nijhuis, Michelle (2009). "Bamboo Boom: Is This Material for You?". Scientific American Special Editions. Vol. 19, no. 2. pp. 60–65. Bibcode:2009SciAm..19f..60N. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
- ^ "Regenerated cellulose by the Lyocell process, a brief review of the process and properties :: BioResources". BioRes. 2018.
- ^ Tierney, John William (2005). Kinetics of Cellulose Dissolution in N-MethylMorpholine-N-Oxide and Evaporative Processes of Similar Solutions (Thesis).
- ^ St. Clair, Kassia (2018). The Golden Thread: How Fabric Changed History. London: John Murray. pp. 213–215. ISBN 978-1-4736-5903-2. OCLC 1057250632.
- ^ a b Blanc, M.D., Paul David (15 November 2016). Fake Silk / The Lethal History of Viscose Rayon. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300204667. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
in 1915,...[of 16] carbon disulfide poisoning cases....one worker had been briefly committed to an asylum and several others had experienced nervous system complaints...
- ^ Monosson, Emily (2016). "Toxic textiles". Science. 354 (6315): 977. Bibcode:2016Sci...354..977M. doi:10.1126/science.aak9834. PMID 27884997. S2CID 45869497.
External links[edit]
- Australian National Pollutant Inventory: Carbon disulfide
- CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Carbon Disulfide
- Inno Motion Engineering
- Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry Public Health Statement for Carbon Disulfide, 1996.
- Resources on Carbon Disulfide by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- Blanc, Paul David (2016). Fake silk : the lethal history of viscose rayon. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 328. ISBN 9780300204667.


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When you're a struggling team eating away at your meager savings and trying to get your startup profitable, venture capital funding seems like the holy grail.
Raising money from investors gives you the resources to grow your team, buys you time to do things properly and gives you no small amount of credibility in the eyes of other entrepreneurs, prospective hires and even some clients — not to mention mom and dad thinking you're now successful.
While all of this is true, there's a pervasive belief in the industry that entrepreneurs should aim to raise as much money as possible, as often as possible. It might be true in some circumstances, but here are three reasons why raising as much money as possible is often not in the best interest of the entrepreneur or the company.
Raising Money Is Like Buying Dinner
When you sit down at a restaurant, you think about how hungry you are before ordering. If you're only a little hungry, an appetizer should suffice. You wouldn't order a nine-course pre fixe meal only because they'll sell it to you: We all know those leftovers are just going in the trash.
Fundraising is like this — if you don't need to order a massive meal to sate your appetite, don't do it. Aside from the obvious temptation to waste (see next section), the reality is that you won't be over-ordering with cash in your pocket or even debt — you'll be buying too much food with equity, something you can only sell once!
Spending Money Is Like Getting Fat
It is much easier to put on weight than it is to take it off. The same applies to spending on your business — if you've got a big pile of money in the bank, the temptation (and even expectation) is to ramp up your burn rate and, in a sense, "let yourself go." It's awesome if these investments result in amazing growth (you getting taller), but for many entrepreneurs the extra spend goes to their waist more than their height.
Similar to a gold rush, in the tech sector, you're better off selling shovels than looking for gold.
A friend was recently telling me about his own first-hand experience of raising money and getting fat. After building his company with a strong culture of bootstrapping and discipline, they were doing well and decided that they'd raise a $10 million round (even though the business was spinning off cash).
Within 12 months they'd blown almost half of their round on employee perks and executive recruiters for a failed expansion they then shut down. Even worse, they'd lost their tight, high-performing culture. Re-imposing discipline after letting themselves go was tough, especially knowing it was all due to a hunk of cash they used to "let themselves go."
Raising Big Rounds Is Like Stunt Driving
When raising big, successive rounds at big valuations, the entrepreneur becomes a stunt driver — with their company as the car. To justify the valuation they just got, and with a big pile of money burning a hole in their pocket, the entrepreneur has to go for broke.
This, of course, entertains audiences (media, the public) and gets a great return for promoters (investors), but the one with everything to lose is the entrepreneur — if they crash, they end up in the hospital, and the car (their company) is written off. The promoter/investor reluctantly turns their attention to the other drivers/companies in their portfolio and the media waits for the next entertaining show.
What Drives The "More Is Always More" Myth?
What causes this mentality of raising all you can, whenever you can to be so pervasive? Here are a few reasons:
Investors are raising larger funds, and they need to invest that money in startups. They can either invest in more startups (which takes a lot more work) or they can put more money into the same number of companies — so obviously, investors have an interest in encouraging startups to take their money.
Similar to a gold rush, in the tech sector, you're better off selling shovels than looking for gold. Lawyers, landlords, recruiters, brokers and other professionals benefit from selling services to growing tech firms — and the more money in tech, the more they stand to gain.
The media (and the public) don't have great visibility into the metrics of private companies (revenue, customer growth, churn, etc.), so funds raised becomes the proxy for success, the way startups are measured. This ends up creating pressure for raising as much as you can — the bigger the number, the better the headline.
In the end, it's most important as an entrepreneur that you focus on the right decisions for your company. Don't raise funds to get a big splash in the tech press. Don't push for the biggest valuation to please preferred stockholders. And don't optimize for the fanciest publications or the most street cred. All of those things are fleeting sugar highs of entrepreneurship.
Plan for the long-term success of your company by knowing how much you actually need and stopping once you hit that number.


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Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings. Civil engineers design, construct, project manage and commission a wide range of infrastructure projects, from buildings and bridges to roads and water supply systems. Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.
Civil engineering is the improvement of civil society through the application of scientific knowledge. Civil requirements in today's society are focused on meeting basic human needs and assisting people in their daily lives. These needs are met by improving infrastructure and common utilities. Civil engineers usually practice in a particular specialty, such as construction engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, land development, transportation engineering, hydraulic engineering, and environmental engineering. For as long as groups of people have been living together in towns and cities, we have needed protection from flooding, clean reliable drinking water, ways to recycle and reuse our rubbish and a network of streets and roadways to move around efficiently.
What Civil Engineers know
A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering – the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructures while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing infrastructures that have been neglected. Civil Engineers understand the environment and how they can use it safely and smartly to improve our quality of life. Education and skills are focused on understanding the environment and its natural elements. Civil engineers need an in-depth understanding of physics, mathematics, geology and hydrology, using computer-aided design (CAD) systems to make the process faster, and easy to modify designs and generate working drawings for construction crews. They must also know the properties of a range of construction materials, such as concrete and structural steel, and the types and capabilities of construction machinery.
Many civil engineers become experts in a specialized area of civil engineering such as structural, water, geotechnical, transportation or environmental fields. They can apply their knowledge of construction methods and properties of materials into the design and construction of safe structures, deal with the storage and distribution of water including irrigation and river control structures, the design of stable slopes and retaining walls, safe and efficient transportation networks, and environmentally friendly recycling, treatment and disposal of waste.
Civil Engineering Industries:
Below is a list of the most common industries civil engineers work in. Within each industry there is a wide range of positions available for civil engineers.
Residential Construction
Commercial Construction
Urban Planning
Water and Gas Infrastructure
Sewerage Systems
Renewable Energy
Transportation Agencies
Government Agencies
What Civil Engineers do:
As the civil world is so diverse, civil engineers have the most varied career options out of all the major disciplines. They work on both the small and large scale of construction and infrastructure. Opportunities exist for some to start their own business and contract their services to private developers for large projects.
Civil engineers can be involved in nearly every stage of a construction project. That can include site selection, preparing accurate calculations, writing specifications for processes and materials, reviewing bids from subcontractors, ensuring compliance with building codes and monitoring all phases of construction from grading and earth moving to painting and finishing. Engineers have responsibility for managing people, equipment, resources, time and money and good communication skills are vital. All professional civil engineers must be able to effectively articulate complex information to people.
CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing. CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print, machining, or other manufacturing operations. The term CADD (for Computer Aided Design and Drafting) is also used.
How the outsourcing CAD Services can help
The civil world is so diverse, they work on both the small and large scale of construction and infrastructure projects. Opportunities exist for some to start their own business and contract their services to private developers for large projects.
As a CAD Services company, we offer CAD drafting for land development consultants and traffic & transportation engineering consultants that cater to various aspects of surveying and land development, including engineering, Traffic studies and development of regional impact for both subdivisions and commercial developments. Use of Computer Aided Design software is common.
Land Development Engineering:
Land development refers to altering the landscape in any number of ways such as: Changing landforms from a natural or semi-natural state for a purpose such as agriculture or housing. Subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes. Conversion of raw land into construction ready housing, commercial, or industrial building sites.
Land development process involves improvements that have indefinite life, such as draining, dredging, excavating, filling, grading, paving, etc. The legal definition of land parcels and the release of new land must conform to state planning legislation and county or city council requirements, while at the same time giving land developers the opportunity to create attractive places to live and work.
Traffic & Transportation Engineering:
Transportation engineering is dedicated to the improvement of transportation vehicles and logistics. Transportation of people, goods and structures are all targeted by this discipline. Engineering of transportation activity is divided by managing the current systems and researching new technologies to improve transport in industrialized countries. They cast an eye to the future and consider the needs of society and how transport will affect their lives.
Traffic engineers modify the technical aspects of road design to maximize traffic flow and reduce congestion. Road geometry, traffic lights, road signs and pedestrian walkways are all related and optimized to achieve one common goal; reducing traffic congestion in a safe manner. Skills used on a daily basis by traffic engineers include data analysis problem solving skills when assessing traffic and accident reports.
Survey CAD Drafting for Surveying companies:
We offer CAD drafting for surveying companies. As outsourcing CAD services, we have professional experience in producing civil site engineering drawings for Sub-divisions, Commercial and Residential projects
Subdivision plats
Land surveys
Topographic surveys
Earthworks design and layouts
Engineering design and survey
Land development concepts
Land subdivision design
Our team of Civil Engineers specializes in subdivision design and traffic & transportation engineering of all types and sizes; we review and understand all County requirements. You can rely on our expertise in all infrastructure design, earthworks design, and pavement design.
Inquire with us! Our highly skilled team about your next civil engineering project – we can assist you on your CAD projects and within budget.


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Features, Animals for Adoption, Out and About, Calendar
Travel News Elsewhere (fresh daily from the Web)
Home and Garden News Elsewhere (fresh daily from the Web)
Relief from a leading holiday dilemma: chocolate Send a link to a friend
[NOV. 26, 2003] Holidays… Chocolate, chocolate everywhere. What to do about all those holiday- colored M&Ms, swirl Hershey's kisses, gift-boxed chocolates for the dinner hosts, holiday mints galore, office and party hors d'oeuvres, and snack tables filled with some form of bite-sized chocolates, even if it's white chocolate-covered pretzels. The holidays invariably create dilemmas all across America. All that tempting chocolate thrust at you everywhere you turn.
Well, you can relax. The latest wisdom on the subject of chocolate is out just in time to help you put it all in the right perspective.
The Newest Rules of Chocolate
If you've got melted chocolate all over your hands, you're eating it too slowly.
Chocolate-covered raisins, cherries, orange slices and strawberries all count as fruit, so eat as many as you want.
The problem: How to get 2 pounds of chocolate home from the store in hot car. The solution: Eat it in the parking lot.
Diet tip: Eat a chocolate bar before each meal. It'll take the edge off your appetite, and you'll eat less.
A nice box of chocolates can provide your total daily intake of calories in one place. Isn't that handy?
If you can't eat all your chocolate, it will keep in the freezer. But if you can't eat all your chocolate, what's wrong with you?
[to top of second column in this article]
If calories are an issue, store your chocolate on top of the fridge. Calories are afraid of heights, and they will jump out of the chocolate to protect themselves.
If you eat equal amounts of dark chocolate and white chocolate, is that a balanced diet? Don't they actually counteract each other?
Money talks. Chocolate sings.
Chocolate has many preservatives. Preservatives make you look younger.
Q: Why is there no such organization as Chocoholics Anonymous? A: Because no one wants to quit.
If not for chocolate, there would be no need for control-top pantyhose. An entire garment industry would be devastated.
Put "eat chocolate" at the top of your list of things to do today. That way, at least you'll get one thing done.
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Community | Perspectives | Law & Courts | Leisure Time | Spiritual Life | Health & Fitness | Teen Scene Calendar | Letters to the Editor


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About Us
Founded in 1989, we aim to offer all of our clients an efficient and effective service. We deal with matters locally and we are able to see you on weekends and evenings if the matter is urgent.
We aim to offer fees at a level that more people can afford such as drafting of simple wills and fixed fee probate for estates with a low value. Most of our fees are lower than online firms or firms outside of London.
We are not a "virtual firm" with leased premises or no office. The photo on our contact page is our firm not a pretty view of the city or some harbour.
We have owned the building we work from since 1995 so there is security in knowing that we are not a firm that is likely to disappear.
Ferns is authorised and Regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (number 79274).


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Crunchyroll And Kadokawa Announce Release Month For Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2
Crunchyroll and Kadokawa announced the release window for Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2.
The second season along with a third season was announced back in September 2019. In that announcement from 2019, they confirmed that Naofumi, Raphtalia, and Filo will "have new friends and will fight new enemies."
They also released key art indicating the second season will adapt the Spirit Tortoise arc.
Related: Rising of the Shield Hero to Get 2nd and 3rd Seasons
A year after this announcement, they released another piece of key art as well as a trailer for the second season. They also revealed the show would arrive sometime in 2021.
Take a look at the key art.
Related: The Rising of the Shield Hero's Raphtalia Wins Crunchyroll's Best Girl Award
And here's a look at the trailer.
Now, Crunchyroll and Kadokawa revealed the second season will be hitting the airwaves sometime in October 2021.
The anime's official English twitter handle shared a video with the release window.
I'll protect them, no matter what. 🛡 #ShieldHero Returns this October. pic.twitter.com/Da4xbEYus4
— The Rising of the Shield Hero (@ShieldHeroEN) March 6, 2021
The second season will see Masato Jinbo take over directing duties from Takao Abo. Jinbo previously worked on HxEros and Restaurant to Another World.
The Japanese cast will remain the same Kaito Ishikawa returns as Naofumi, Asami Seto returns as Raphtalia, and Rina Hidaka reprises her role as Filo.
The second season also sees the return of Maaya Uchida as Melty, Yoshitsugu Matsuoka as Ren Amaki, Makoto Takahashi as Motoyasu Kitamura, Yoshitaka Yamaya as Itsuki Kawasumi, Natsuko Hara as Rishia Ivyred, and Kikuko Inoue as Mirelia Q. Melromarc.
The second season will see Keigo Koyanagi on Series Composition, Masahiro Suwa on Character Design, Masahiro Suwa and Kota Sera as Chief Animation Directors, and Takeshi Takura as Design Leader.
Animation production will be done by Kinema Citrus and DRMOVIE.
You can see more of the production team below.
Rising of the Shield Hero is based off the web novel written by Aneko Yusagi.
It has since been adapted into a light novel and published by Media Factory featuring illustrations by Seira Minami. There are 22 volumes in publication. Aiya Kyū would adapt the series into a manga.
Back in April 2019 it was reported there were over 6.2 million copies of the light novel and manga adaptations in print.
The first season of Rising of the Shield Hero is currently available to stream on Crunchyroll. You can also watch the first episode of the first season on Crunchyroll's YouTube.
Are you looking forward to the second season of Rising of the Shield Hero?
More About:Anime


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About the Project
Figment is an established validator on Proof of Stake networks and provider of widely-used DevOps tools and infrastructure. They are also the creators of the Hubble staking application.
Hubble gives end-users visibility into staking opportunities across a range of the most widely adopted Proof of Stake networks, offering key information like validator uptime, commission, and stake history.
About the Integration
This integration brings the Hubble dashboard to Moonbeam and Moonriver, creating a more intuitive staking experience for users by giving a new way to easily view staking opportunities, review performance data, and nominate collators. Moonbeam will be Hubble's first parachain integration in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.
The Hubble interface offers a significantly more user-friendly staking experience than Polkadot.js, which benefits both nominators and collators. Nominators are able to quickly access information about the collators in the active set, review their performance levels, and immediately stake/unstake directly from the Hubble interface. Collators can easily track their network statistics, receive active alerts to notify when notable network events are happening, and use this information to improve services as needed.


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Can A Registration Loan Take Your Car In Arizona?
Table of Contents Can Your Arizona Car Be Taken by a Registration Loan? What are registration [...]
We're CarRegistrationLoans, we help you apply for car registration loans online. Car Registration Loans helps you find local Arizona registration loan payment estimates and rates, across AZ
Need a 'car registration loan near me'? Request a completely online offer for a car registration loan now!
CarRegistrationLoans.com provides you completely online car registration loan applications in 2 quick steps. Simply click apply for car registration loans online and get payment estimate rate quotes now!
Keep up-to-date with Car Registration Loans.


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Mailing Areas:
The Riverside Coupon Magazine has 3 different mailing zones; Eastern, Central, Western. Each zone features a different magazine.
Offer #1: FREE Ad Size Upgrade on your advertisement in The Riverside Coupon Magazine
Offer #2: Receive a FREE ad upgrade and $150 off your first your first ad when you sign up for 10 issues of advertising in the Riverside Coupon Magazine
A Direct Mail Marketing program that makes your business stand out!
Direct mailed 10 times per year means consistency!.
Professionally designed ads by our design team.
Proof of Mailing from the U.S. Postal Service available.
The City of Riverside's most widely circulated magazine.
Expanding Your Advertising Reach:
Interested in marketing to additional areas outside of Riverside? Coupon Magazines are also available in the following cities: Temecula, French Valley, Hemet, Oceanside, Menifee, Murrieta, Lake Elsinore, Corona, Norco/Mira Loma, Jurupa Valley, Chino/Chino Hills, Ontario, Rancho Cucamonga, Upland, Fontana, Redlands, Loma Linda, Redlands, and Beaumont/Banning, Highland and more!
Maximize Your Digital Exposure:
The Online Virtual Magazine expands to print ad exposure. Your ad will be linked to your website. This Online Magazine is mobile friendly and is searchable.
Digital Media Options:
Would you like to reach your target audience with affordable, high ROI advertising? Do you want quick results?
Digital advertising is the way to go!
Through a partnership with NV Media, LLC, a full service advertising agency, we can put together a marketing campaign that may include Social Media Marketing, Billboards, Radio, TV, Events and more!
With a focus on Social Media Marketing, a creative, aggressive yet, methodical campaign can be designed to brand your company on popular social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Google My Business & other high-traffic platforms.


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Over the years, aggressive water or constant use can cause your water pipes to develop leaks. Pring Plumbing & Heating has the experience necessary to quickly identify the source of your leak and repair it.
Whether your piping is copper, galvanized, plastic, or anything else, in Waitsfield, VT, Pring Plumbing & Heating is the one to call.


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SOUTH BRUNSWICK – A three-month-long joint investigation into drug distribution in the Kendall Park section of South Brunswick has led to charges against a 36-year-old township resident.
The joint investigation between the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and South Brunswick Police Department (SBPD) was the result of complaints from community members about unusual activity on New Road and complaints of hypodermic needles being discarded on the side of the road, according to information provided by the SBPD on Sept. 18.
Detectives began monitoring the area of Benson Road. Investigators developed probable cause that methamphetamine and heroin were being dealt from a residence, according to the statement. Detectives obtained a search warrant from a Superior Court judge with the assistance of the Middlesex County Prosecutors Office.
Early Sept. 17, detectives reportedly executed a knock-first search warrant, according to the statement. After being granted entry into the residence, the team located the man hiding behind a dryer in the residence, according to the allegations.
The man was taken into custody for a probation violation warrant for previously spitting on officers, according to reports.
During the search, detectives reportedly recovered narcotics, drug paraphernalia and weapons, according to the statement.
The man was charged with unlawful of a possession of a weapon, possession of a prohibited weapon, unlawful possession of drug paraphernalia, two counts of unlawful possession of various narcotics, and endangering the welfare of a child.
The man was lodged at the Middlesex County Adult Correction Center pending his bail hearing.
SBPD Chief Raymond Hayducka credited the community and the other law enforcement agencies for their assistance.
"Clearly the neighborhood was suffering from the impact of the drug activity. It was brought to an end by the community members who came forward along with the assistance of the DEA and Middlesex County Prosecutor's Office. I want to also recognize the work of Detective Tim Hoover who pursued all the investigative leads to bring this operation to an end," Hayducka said in the statement.


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I love a good book cover. I'll often stop to read the back cover if the front cover catches my eye. Sometimes those books pan out, and sometimes they don't. A cover doesn't tell you a lot about an author's writing, after all.
So, what do I like even more than a captivating cover? A fabulous first line. If the very first line of a book pulls me in, there's a pretty good chance it's a book I'll willingly lose sleep to read. (Which, honestly, isn't always a good thing…but I still love it when it happens!)
Just in case you have a few Christmas gift cards burning a hole in your pocket (wholly allocated to book-buying, of course), I thought you might enjoy some first lines from some of our Inspy Romance Authors. If a first line – or three or five – grab you and you want to know more, click on the cover image, and it'll take you to the Amazon page for that book.
"Mistletoe Make-Believe" by Amy Anguish (in the Candy Cane Wishes and Saltwater Dreams collection)
Together in Thyme by Valerie Comer
Love, like art, took on different forms with each creator.
The Art of Rivers by Janet W. Ferguson
"No, no, don't flush the toilet!"
An Informal Arrangement by Heather Gray
There's nothing more humbling than being told you need reading glasses.
Head Over Stilettos by Liwen Y. Ho
"You should probably know I don't want to be here."
The Marine's Mission by Deb Kastner
"I truly think you've lost your mind," my sister, Cait, says.
One She Never Expected by K. Leah
"Because it is a truth, that should be universally acknowledged, that the sister of a hockey player will forever have hockey in her future."
The Breakup Project by Carolyn Miller
Really? Who gets dumped by two guys in one night?
Uptown Flirt by Lindi Peterson
If Thomas's muscles could speak, they'd likely groan as loud as the door of his '83 Bronco.
Glory Falls by Janine Rosche
There comes a point in every woman's life where she must decide what to believe: the truth of the past or the circumstances of the present.
Enduring Love by Toni Shiloh
Harsh memories flashed through Juliane Keller's mind as she stopped in the middle of the church aisle.
Hometown Promise by Merrillee Whren
Wishing you all a beautiful and blessed New Year!


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Dems Leading House Races +10 on Generic Ballot That Vastly Over-Samples Them
The latest NPR/PBS/Marist generic ballot shows Democrats leading the GOP by 10 points in in the midterm House of Representatives races, but vastly over-samples Democrats and Independents.
"A new poll released Friday showed Democrats lead Republicans by double-digits on a generic congressional ballot less than two weeks before November's midterm elections," said The Hill, echoing other left-leaning news outlets regarding the poll
But a look at the data behind the poll tells a much different story.
First, 33 percent of respondents polled were Democrats, and only 26 percent were Republicans. Another 41 percent polled were either independent or "other."
Suffice to say this sample does not accurately represent the voter breakdown in most House races around the nation. This close to the actual midterm elections, which will be held in eight days, undecided voters are hard to come by. Sampling 41% of voters who identify as independent, meaning that they could vote either way, is purely dishonest.
Additionally, early voting reflects that Republican turnout is actually much higher than Democrat turnout in key states like Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Montana, Tennessee and Texas. Republicans are also closing the gap in Nevada.
Democrat over-sampling in national polls is precisely the reason that the "expert" pundits in media were shocked when President Donald J. Trump handily won the 2016 presidential election. They trusted the bogus polls, and lost. The similarities between recent polls and those from the last national elections are stunning.


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- By Marketing
- In Mold Removal
Preventing tick bites / Tick Removal
Preventing tick bites
While it is a good idea to take preventive measures against ticks year-round, be extra vigilant in warmer months (April-September) when ticks are most active.
Avoid Direct Contact with Ticks
- Avoid wooded and brushy areas with high grass and leaf litter.
- Walk in the center of trails.
Repel Ticks on Skin and Clothing
- Use repellent that contains 20 percent or more DEET, picaridin, or IR3535 on exposed skin for protection that lasts several hours.
- Always follow product instructions. Parents should apply this product to their children, avoiding hands, eyes, and mouth.
- Use products that contain permethrin on clothing. Treat clothing and gear, such as boots, pants, socks and tents with products containing 0.5% permethrin. It remains protective through several washings. Pre-treated clothing is available and may be protective longer.
- The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has an online tool to help you select the repellent that is best for you and your family.
Find and Remove Ticks from Your Body
- Bathe or shower as soon as possible after coming indoors (preferably within two hours) to wash off and more easily find ticks that are crawling on you.
- Conduct a full-body tick check using a hand-held or full-length mirror to view all parts of your body upon return from tick-infested areas. Parents should check their children for ticks under the arms, in and around the ears, inside the belly button, behind the knees, between the legs, around the waist, and especially in their hair.
- Examine gear and pets. Ticks can ride into the home on clothing and pets, then attach to a person later, so carefully examine pets, coats, and day packs.
- Tumble dry clothes in a dryer on high heat for 10 minutes to kill ticks on dry clothing after you come indoors.
- If the clothes are damp, additional time may be needed.
- If the clothes require washing first, hot water is recommended. Cold and medium temperature water will not kill ticks effectively. If the clothes cannot be washed in hot water, tumble dry on low heat for 90 minutes or high heat for 60 minutes. The clothes should be warm and completely dry.
If you find a tick attached to your skin, there's no need to panic. There are several tick removal devices on the market, but a plain set of fine-tipped tweezers will remove a tick quite effectively.
How to remove a tick
- Use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick as close to the skin's surface as possible.
- Pull upward with steady, even pressure. Don't twist or jerk the tick; this can cause the mouth-parts to break off and remain in the skin. If this happens, remove the mouth-parts with tweezers. If you are unable to remove the mouth easily with clean tweezers, leave it alone and let the skin heal.
- After removing the tick, thoroughly clean the bite area and your hands with rubbing alcohol, an iodine scrub, or soap and water.
- Dispose of a live tick by submersing it in alcohol, placing it in a sealed bag/container, wrapping it tightly in tape, or flushing it down the toilet. Never crush a tick with your fingers.
Avoid folklore remedies such as "painting" the tick with nail polish or petroleum jelly, or using heat to make the tick detach from the skin. Your goal is to remove the tick as quickly as possible–not waiting for it to detach.
If you develop a rash or fever within several weeks of removing a tick, see your doctor. Be sure to tell the doctor about your recent tick bite, when the bite occurred, and where you most likely acquired the tick.


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Video ID: 181024
How to Restring an EZ Glide Cellular Honeycomb Shade
Internal strings in an EZ Glide shade can break over time. When this happens, the shade will need to be restrung. This guide will take you through the steps and show you how to replace the internal strings on an EZ Glide cellular shade.
A Note on Safety
Kids can strangle in blind cords. To make your blinds safer for kids, keep cords out of reach and secure cord and bead chain loops. To learn more, please visit our child safety guide.
Tools Needed
Flat-head Screwdriver
Phillips Screwdriver
Tape Measure
Rubber Bands
Step 1 – Measure the length of shade and add six inches. This will be how long each new piece of string needs to be.
- Remove your shade by pushing in and rotating the headrail toward you.
Step 2 – Easy Glide shades always use 0.9mm cord.
- Cut all string lengths now and set them aside.
Step 3 – Lay your shade on a flat surface. Remove the bottom rail end caps with your flat-head screwdriver.
- Slide the bottom rail off.
Step 4 – Open the shade slightly by pulling on the cord loop.
- Place rubber bands on both sides of the shade to compress the fabric.
Step 5 – Use your flat-head screwdriver to release both cradle covers.
- Remove the clutch by pulling it out and moving it back and forth.
Step 6 – Lift out the tilt rod by releasing it from the side furthest from the clutch.
- Remove tilt rod and set it aside.
- Place rubber bands on both sides of the shade to compress the fabric.
Step 7 – Cut the string at the bottom of the shade, saving washers for reuse.
- Pull the strings out of the shade.
Step 8 – Remove the string from the tilt rod and discard.
- Remove the retainer clips from the tilt rod and save them for later use.
Step 9 – Thread your new cords through metal stays and washers from the bottom of the shade.
- Starting at the top of the shade, feed the wire tool down through the fabric.
Step 10 – Insert your cord into the eye of the wire tool at the bottom of the shade.
- Pull the cord through the fabric.
- Repeat steps 7-10 for all cords on the shade.
Step 11 – Reattach the tilt rod into the headrail, making sure that the cords are not pinched.
- Reinsert the clutch into the end of the headrail.
- Slide the control rod all of the way over to the clutch.
Step 12 – Note that the retainer clip has an indent where the cord is seated.
- Tie a knot in the cord leaving ½" tail and seat the cord in the retainer's indentation.
- Snap the retainer clip on the rod about 1" from the cradle.
- Make sure the tail end of the cord is facing away from the cradle.
- Repeat Steps 11-12 for all cords in the shade.
Step 13 – Insert the cradle covers on the tilt rod.
- Replace the bottom rail and end caps.
Step 14 – With the strings hanging freely, reattach your blind to the brackets.
- Gently lower the shade.
- Raise your shade by pulling the cord loop.
Step 15 – If the shade is uneven, open one of the end caps with your screwdriver.
- Slide the bottom rail off to expose the bottom strings on the uneven side.
- Adjust the cord washer until the shade is even.
- Reattach bottom rail and end cap.


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Living near the freeway might make the trek to Costco easier, but the cost of that convenience may be the health of your unborn children. A new study of over 81,000 pregnant women living in the Los Angeles area found that exposure to traffic-borne pollution raises the risk of giving birth to a severely premature baby by a whopping 128 percent. The subjects also had up to 42 percent more risk of developing preeclampsia, a type of pregnancy-related high-blood pressure that can cause serious complications. All of the women in the study lived within three kilometers (just under two miles) of a major roadway.
The study paints a dismal picture for the progeny of Angelenos — but those living outside of the heavily polluted LA area also are at risk. A simultaneous study published in Pediatrics followed pregnant women in New York City for the few months before they gave birth. Those mothers exposed to the most pollution gave birth to children who scored consistently lower on IQ tests in early childhood.
Dr. Jun Wu, a lead author of the first study, advises. "Women living close to freeways should be careful and close their windows, or if they're in the car, close the windows and put the air conditioning on, [and] to filter air coming into the car. It might be a good idea to limit your time near traffic or change when you commute so it's not during rush hour."
But a study last year out of Brisbane, Australia, found that rolling up the car windows doesn't offer much protection — nor does heading to the hills in search of fresh air. The Brisbane study looked at the impact of pollution on fetal size. Researchers reviewed ultrasound scans of 15,000 fetuses prior to birth, measuring head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference. The fetal measurements showed a direct relationship to pollution exposure. According to study director Dr. Adrian Barnett, "If the pollution levels were high, the size of the fetus decreased significantly." Dr. Barnett points out that, "Birth weight is a major predictor of later health; for example, bigger babies have been shown to have higher IQs in childhood and lower risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood."
The thing is, unlike Los Angeles, Brisbane isn't pollution central. In fact, the study included subjects living up to 14 kilometers outside of city limits — a haven for nature lovers and sports enthusiasts. Dr. Barnett points out, "While some people may think there is no air pollution in Brisbane because the air looks so clean, you have to remember that most air pollutants are not visible to the naked eye, people do have a very outdoor lifestyle, and homes are designed to maximize airflow. So although the actual levels of pollution are low, our exposure to whatever is out there is relatively high."
In other words, opening your windows to the elements, climbing a mountain, or hiking a trail might expose you to plenty of particulate matter — even in relatively unpolluted environs. While it's true that car, truck, and bus fumes contribute an inordinate amount to air pollution (about 42 percent in urban areas), there are other significant contributors, and you can't completely avoid them by moving out to the country — airline exhaust, for instance, pesticides from farming operations, coal-fired power plants, factory and mining emissions, etcetera.
In fact, a study last year found a strong link between certain "gases" released through livestock farming and increased infant mortality. Even at low levels, emissions from such sources can do plenty of damage and have been found to contribute to prenatal problems. I've written before about the fact that free radicals in particulate matter can travel to the farthest reaches of the earth and persist in the environment forever. Still, you're much better off minimizing exposure — living far away from crowded roadways and industrial urban areas where pollution levels are off the charts.
If you aren't pregnant, breathing in car exhaust won't damage your non-existent fetus, but it sure can damage you. In 2002, the World Health Organization issued a report estimating that pollution directly causes over 600,000 deaths annually, worldwide. The report claims that pollution underlies three percent of all cancers of the respiratory system, as well as one percent of all cardiopulmonary disease. Although those represent small percentages, in terms of numbers, we're talking about 7.4 million cases of disability annually. And that probably represents a gross underestimate.
A recent study by the European Environment Agency found the number of annual deaths in London caused by airborne particulates to be three times the reported amount, bringing the number of deaths from pollution within city limits to almost 3,000 annually. Plus, the original report claimed that every person living in London could expect to cut about eight months from their life expectancy due to pollution, and that figure too was grossly under-reported.
Tracey Woodruff, who directs the Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment at the University of California, San Francisco, says that "pregnant women should be aware of the risks and advocate for the kinds of [government] actions that reduce overall exposure to air pollution." Rolling up the windows against the worldwide avalanche of airborne toxins seems a sad and rather lame strategy for both pregnant women and the rest of us, but until citizens and corporations worldwide take action, it's what we've got. That, and air filters, antioxidants, and the Baseline of Health program.


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Duluth has an active arm of the civility police out on the prowl hectoring opinionated folks about who and how they hector. My old parent volunteer colleague, Anita Stech, from my Chester Park PTA days is one of their champions. Anita's daughters and my children were part of the same cohort. By the time I made it onto the School Board Anita was an advocate for creating women's hockey in the Duluth Schools and treating it with something approaching parity to boy's hockey. So, Anita knows something about effective advocacy. Go Hounds!
I think I know what prompted the Civility project in Duluth. It was a general sense that talk radio politics, a la Rush Limbaugh, had taken a mean spirited grip on our public spaces and more particularly that local debates especially the one over the Red Plan locally mirrored that grumpy ethic. As a leading critic of the Red Plan, and specifically how it was implemented without a vote, I can't throw myself completely at the mercy of the civility police's arguments.
I had some hot meetings myself in my eight years on the School Board. After we approved Edison charters there was a counter move from the teachers to scotch it. That resulted in four new anti-charter members of the school board and four years worth of 5-4 votes on the board. We came close to a teacher's strike in 98. In 2001 a thousand angry parents flooded the auditorium of Ordean Middle School to rage at the Board for a DNT story saying we were about to close five elementary schools. (that was partly the result of our superintendent picking a fight with the paper over easy access to internal information. I didn't blame the Trib and missed that investigative spirit when Keith Dixon sprinkled red pixie dust over Duluth) And who could forget the brouhaha over the termination of a successful East High hockey coach? I know I'll still be having nightmares over that on my death bed.
I always used to excuse some of the excessive things said to the School Board in those years with my patented line, "If we can't be passionate about our children, what can we be passionate about? That's how I approached the subject of dissent during my time on the other side of the School Board's decision making with the Red Plan. I stayed pretty cool and collected but some of my allies got a little hot and I couldn't blame them. I figured my logical approach to challenging Red Plan claims was the best way to steer an often unsteerable mass of Red Plan critics. I may have resorted to some hyperbole as Karl wrote and I did certainly use metaphor to make my points. I know that a few damn's and hell's can be found in the millions of words I penned in LincolnDemocrat during the struggle and its aftermath.
I accept the appeal of the Civility police but I'm called by a much more ancient appeal, one my ex-sailor Dad handed me when I was in fifth grade and had started swearing up a storm. Shortly after I fell and skinned my knees walking in our alley with my Mom and let loose a volley of colorful epithets and attracted all the neighbor women to their back fences and embarassed my Mom my Dad had a talk with me. He told me that he had no objection to swearing. (the old salt in him couldn't have been taken seriously had he said anything to the contrary) He described swearing as a useful tool that could be abused to the point of uselessness. He told me that people who swear too often are ignored much like the boy who cried wolf. On the other hand, he told me, there are times when you really need to express your outrage and a potent curse will get you the attention your point of view deserves.
I woke up this morning thinking about how unhelpful it would be if the civility police flagged a recent post in which I said Art Johnston should go to hell. I've been thinking since a rare agate hunt on Park Point yesterday that I should change "hell" to "H E double toothpicks." Its the same thing, sort of. So, I crawled out of bed at 3:30 and looked it up. I'd written "Art can go to Hell." the double toothpicks didn't fit that sentence felicitously so I just changed it to "…go to Heck."
Then I skimmed the whole post and saw another hell in it. Sheesh. That was enough amending to please the Civility Police. I let that epithet stand. Maybe I do swear as much as my family says I do.
I coined another line in my campaign website. "Diplomacy is good policy, Honesty is the best policy." I think that is self explanatory. What this late night ramble concerns is Civility's place among these other qualities in public discourse.
I'm guessing here but I think civil or civility comes from the latin word civitas. [the definition can be found at end of this ramble] It also is the root of civilian which is understood as the opposite of military. In the military you are part of a machine and must live by pretty constricted rules. As a civilian you are on your own. There are rules of society you must abide by or face the consequences but you have much more freedom outside the military. If you doubt this just ask a veteran.
In civilian life we all have to figure out how to get along together without being told what to do by our superior officers. We create our own ranks in civilian life. A former private could rise to become a captain of industry and hire the General who once commanded his division. Its a trickier world when military order breaks down.
When I was growing up I knew the word "civil" had something to do with correct behavior. I also had the sense that it was not an affectionate word. "Keep a civil tongue in your mouth." was a sentence I heard snapped at cheeky children. The tone in such a command is always stern like an order a commanding officer would bark out. To be civil is to be correct and deferential it is not being nice or friendly. I think that's why a call to be civil puts me off.
During the Red Plan debate victims of the plan, people who's vote was stolen, who's schools were being closed, who's children were being moved willy nilly while teachers were being laid off, were legitimately angry. They had a right, a responsibility even, to express their pain in the most effective and cogent way possible. The civility police seemed completely indifferent to this need. They seemed to demand a civil tongue and appeared to confuse the civil tongue with the singing of Kumbayah. I likened this expectation hyperbolic-ally to telling a rape victim to just get over it. That may be an exaggeration but its necessary to know if you want to understand why the levy referendums are walking on thin ice today. People remember their concerns being dismissed followed by the chastisement that they were too loud, too emotional, too late. Winning a yes from such voters will take a deft argument. (I think I've been making some)
I think "civility" was used as a means to suppress public discourse in Duluth not promote it.
I appreciate genuine civility. I prefer to keep a civil tongue but I don't turn the other cheek when someone beats the double toothpicks out of me by calling my millions of words in the blog "bullshit," or writing a column just before an election telling readers that my single use of the word "dammit" in a speech encouraging the School Board to give a levy referendum to the voters was a "string of profanity," or that my willingness to play nice with the 4 in our 5-4 school board votes was an example of my being an AC DC politician. (That was heavy metal argot for bisexuality). I beat the hell out of all three of those people as well as a school board "colleague" who kept telling friends mean things to write in letters to the editor about me so that his/her hands could avoid the taint of attacking me. I'm not civil to people who are not civil to me.
Civility to me is the least we can do and as such I don't rank it very high as an attribute of civil society or the human spirit. Diplomacy is a step up but it often subverts the truth by ignoring it for the sake of getting along. I much prefer Honesty which can lead people into headlong conflict as they argue over what is true or not. Still, I hold it in higher esteem than either civility or diplomacy.
Karl talked about ego in his post describing me. I have it in spades. I think there is a superior quality that can be called on to mediate disputes than civility. Its humility.
Humility has other words that feed off its root. There is humiliation a sting much to be avoided. That's when someone else forces a person to bend at the knees against their will. Humility is when a person bends at the knees of their own accord. Its a confession of fallibility not submission to the more powerful entity. Those who are humble have humility. It is important not to confuse humility with pliability. Those who are humble often have ideals made out of steel and will stand up for their ideals often at great peril. Humility has nothing to do with cowardliness just as its opposite arrogance has nothing to do with bravery.
In Duluth's civility wars I've had the impression that the idea of civility has been used as the weapon of the powerful whose upper hand gave us the Red Plan. The demand for civility has been an attempt to bend the knees of angry people against their will. To restrict their voice by a kind of shaming. Its not a call that much appeals to me.
If instead those powerful people appealed to me by asking that I approach controversial topics with some humility and an admission of fallibility I would have readily agreed had they had done the same. In fact I told people in private conversation that I often wondered if my opposition to the Red Plan was fated to make Duluth a worse place without the nice schools it deserves. By the same token I never heard Red Planners second guess their new schools. Instead they were the omelette that Joseph Stalin told us we couldn't have without cracking a few eggs. Joseph Stalin! Now there's a man who knew how to enforce civility. No one dared to challenge Uncle Joe except Trotsky and he paid the price in a Mexican exile.
Now we have little choice. Our knees were bent against our will. We have new schools, Stalin's omelette. Our humble requests for a smaller more affordable plan were ignored and sixty million added to it. We will be paying for this for twenty years. A half billion dollars of spending. Is it really uncivil of me to make these observations or to remark that Nancy Nilsen's brave assurance we would soon have five million in savings to pour into our classrooms was bunk?
I'll still toss out a couple oaths as I try to garnish the omelette I never ordered. I just hope the civility police who want a better world cut me a little slack and ponder the limitations of their prized virtue the civil tongue. That might require a little humility.
I just checked the definition of Civitas. I was reluctant to guess citizenship but that is essentially the meaning:
civ·i·tas [siv-i-tas; Latin kee-wi-tahs] Show IPA
noun, plural civ·i·ta·tes [siv-i-tey-teez; Latin kee-wi-tah-teys] Show IPA .
the body of citizens who constitute a state, especially a city-state, commonwealth, or the like.
citizenship, especially as imparting shared responsibility, a common purpose, and sense of community
To the extent that civility promotes a common purpose I'm all for it. That's definition # 2. To the extent that the state enforces unanimity through uniformity I've got little interest in it. That could be read into definition # 1. That was citizenship in Stalin's Russia and how he got his common purpose.


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N-acetyl cysteine
Drug Details
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a medication used to loosen thick mucus. NAC was initially licensed for use in 1968. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system, and it is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive. Inhaled NAC has been used as a mucus-dissolving therapy in respiratory conditions with excessive and/or thick mucus production.
Study Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus standard care with matched placebo plus standard of care in patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who have the TOLLIP rs3750920 TT genotype. The study will compare the time to a composite endpoint of relative decline in lung function [10% relative decline in forced vital capacity (FVC), first respiratory hospitalization, lung transplantation, or all-cause mortality]
The secondary objectives will be to examine the effect of NAC on the components of the primary composite endpoint, the rates of clinical events, change in physiology, change in health status, and change in respiratory symptoms.


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Home › Forums › Everything Else › The Biblical assessment › Reply To: The Biblical assessment
November 27, 2006 at 12:51 am
About Catholics Team
[quote:2m0n9iu0][color=green:2m0n9iu0]^ A perfect example of how the dinosaurs survived for millions of years with walnut sized brains.[/color:2m0n9iu0][/quote:2m0n9iu0]
Hey now…let's be kind to other people on here. " title="Smile" />
Ron, this board isn't exactly another venue for you to showcase your articles. Really this amounts to spam.
If you made a clear cut topic on a particular subject to discuss that would be fine, but to post a series of your articles on varying subjects is not fine.


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#TalentRadar on Twitter
For those of you who haven't followed us, our Talent Radar feature has become hugely popular over the last few months as we continue our website's strategy of focusing on the younger players. Keeping that in mind, we have published this mini-series of the 25 Young Players to Watch at the 2014 FIFA World Cup.
Before you read the article, there are a couple of points about the criteria which will help you understand our approach to this list, the players selected, the order of the ranking etc. Players eligible for this list are those that were 21 and below at the start of the 2013-14 season (considered to be August 1st for convenience). We have taken into consideration their ability, but above all, we have considered what impact they can have on their respective side and the tournament as a whole paying attention to potential playing time as well.
Netherlands | Centre-Back | 22
How did he do? Martins Indi continued his place in Feyernoord's first team, and played nearly every game except when he missd a month's action through suspension after having been found guilty by the federation of dangerous play for this incident. A solid centre-back, the defenders' reputation has only been growing. It's hard to imagine he's only 22, with consistent experience at the top level. His strength is his biggest asset, and this showed in Feyernoord's successful season, qualifying for the Champions League.
Read our Tactical Player report on his performance vs Germany at the U-21 European Championship, a year back
What can we expect from him? Louis Van Gaal has been experimenting with a three-man back line and may look to play this at the World Cup as well. Personally this remains a favourite of mine and an effective tactic to implement. Martins Indi will take his place alongside De Vrij & Vlaar. He'll come in on the left side of defence and thus has a difficult task of effectively shielding his wing-back while maintaining compactness narrowly as well. With Spanish and Chilean attacks to play with, it's no easy task for him.
Ivory Coast | Right-Back | 21
How did he do? The Ivorian was in exceptional form for Toulouse, which also saw him captain the side. His versatility was his biggest asset as he easily transitioned from a right-back to arguably a right-winger in the 3-5-2 employed by the French side. He got among the goals as well, and was surprisingly often seen in the box. This experience as a defender and an attacker will do wonders for the 21-yr-old, both at the World Cup and beyond.
Serge Aurier was named in our Team of the Season at our inaugural Talent Radar Young Player Awards.
The defender also made our Talent Radar Ligue 1 Team of the Season.
What can we expect from him? Though versatile, Aurier is certain to take his spot at right back in the Ivory Coast set-up. In a fairly open group, as opposed to the difficult ones the last two editions, the African giants will be looking to progress from the group at the very least. Aurier fits in perfectly into the physical and balanced Ivorian side. Expect some good displays from him going forward, as we hope he doesn't leave it too short at the back having played as a wing-back.
Switzerland | Forward | 21
How did he do? Josip Drmic was one of the greatest stories of the Bundesliga season, carrying the Nurnberg side on his young shoulders as they tried to fight off relegation but eventually failed. His 17 goals left a mark on viewers and prompted a lot of rumours before a move to Leverkusen was finalised. He's also currently on a nice run of form for the national team, three goals in his last three appearances.
Josip Drmic was named Talent Radar Forward of the Season (Editors' choice) in our inaugural Talent Radar Young Player Awards, also making the Team of the Season
The striker was also named in our Talent Radar Bundesliga Team of the Season
What can we expect from him? The youngster is the proper definition of an out-an-out striker. Regularly playing in and around the box, he seems to come alive as he gets closer to the goal. Switzerland have been tipped to surprise many by us as the real darkhorses of the tournament. Drmic will lead the line in a youthful Swiss side, playing off the shoulders of the last defender. Expect atleast a goal or two in proper poaching style.
Belgium | Striker | 21
How did he do? After failing to break in at Chelsea, Lukaku moved to Merseyside with Everton on loan and impressed again, as he did the previous season with West Brom. In 36 games for Everton, Lukaku either scored or set-up 24, showing his influence. He is the best example of a complete striker. Strength, speed, finishing, he ticks all the right boxes and helped Everton to an impressive finish, narrowly missing out on Champions League football.
Here is a detailed Scout Report on Romelu Lukaku
The Belgian was voted by our readers as the Forward of the Season at our inaugural Talent Radar Young Player Awards; he was also named in the Readers' Team of the Season
The striker was also named in our Talent Radar Premier League Team of the Season
Lukaku featured in our 100 Best Young Players to Watch out for in 2014 list, coming in at #1 in our list of forwards
What can we expect from him? Belgium were being touted as dark-horses, but with everyone doing so, the pressure that comes with it has defeated the purpose of the term. There are now expectations with Marc Wilmots men, and a lot of it rests on Lukaku's young shoulders. He'll be the man they look to for goals, as he takes his places up front as the lone striker with now a clearer path as Benteke misses out with injury.
Brazil | Attacking Midfielder | 22
How did he do? Chelsea's attacking midfielder had a good season overall at the Bridge. It began very brightly, as he scored the opening goal of the season, and eventually displaced Mata as the number 1o at the club. Some excellent performances in this position helped him cement his place in Mourinho's team. Aside from his obvious attacking potency, Oscar also brings an impressive work ethic to the table, and this is what endears him to most Chelsea fans. However, the end of the season saw Mourinho leave him out a bit more frequently, as he sometimes sought extra defensive cover, and sometimes a different combination. However, one cannot say that Oscar has had a bad season by any means, and he comes into the World Cup in good form.
What can we expect from him? If Mourinho is to be believed, Oscar's end season form was a product of fatigue and distraction due to the World Cup. With a short break after the club season, Oscar should be raring to go now, for a tournament that he is apparently excited about. He carries the weight of a lot of expectations, not least because of the number he wears on his back, but Oscar is a player who is tactically aware, hard working, and very skilled. Don't be surprised to see him ensuring a steady flow of ammunition to the likes of Neymar and Fred, as he will work hard to break down the opposition defence. He has a pretty decent shot as well, and wont be shy to putting it to use when it is needed.


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Weekends are becoming doll dressing days. I discovered the German edition of the French book Vetements de poupées: Crochet et couture
by Carole Atzu. Now I am prepared for all wishes and occasions.
I chose a little crochet cardigan.
I don't know, but maybe it is because the designer is French, even crochet looks classy, reminding me of bouclé. A very thick texture; I used nearly two 50g skeins of cotton yarn, the cardigan seems to weigh more then the doll. But a couture result!
The buttons come from a thrifted and then felted cardigan.
I did some modifications of the original pattern: two coloured, the buttonholes are smaller, the sleeves five rows shorter and I added the bottom edging. My crochet hook was a size 2,5 instead of a size 2. And so it fits Clara's Waldorf doll who is taller then the 30 cm dolls the clothes of the book are designed for. Ravelry notes here.


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As I remember, Christmas at Dillard's was a big deal. Oh, it was not because there were lots of toys for all the girls and boys, because that generation hadn't been born yet. No, Christmas was a big deal because… well Christmas is a big deal and Dillard was the real deal.
There were only about 11 families living in the community where I was raised. From the river to town was roughly 10 miles. So, we did not see one another very often. Seems like most of the women got together on Sundays, the men got together every Saturday night for the fox hunt and both men, women and children found themselves together celebrating Christmas on Christmas Eve in Dillard's front yard. The men were mostly around the bonfire drinking coffee, the women around the wood cookstove in the kitchen and kids were running around chasing one another and mostly staying out of the way.
My favorite memory of the Christmas celebration was the kids all sitting on the front porch and listening to Dillard talk about Santa Claus and his reindeer.
He talked about Santa Claus like he was an old friend that he had known for years. I got the impression that they met a few times during the year to make sure Santa's list was up-to-date and right. Dillard would look at each of us directly in the eye and with his gravelly and kindly old voice ask us, "Have you been good this year?" I'm sure that both of my regular readers remember that I hung around Dillard all year long; hunting and fishing and learning unimportant grownup stuff that he insisted would be good for me when I grew up. So, asking me had I been good was always a tough question because he pretty well knew how much I hated the 2nd grade, homework and girls… and not necessarily in that order, so I just nodded and hoped that Santa would be in an extra good mood this year.
He also told us stories about Santa's reindeer and that was the most exciting part for me because I loved critters. And the idea that there were deer that could fly made for a great story. I wanted to know where they stayed the rest of the year and why I'd never saw one. We'd clamor for Dillard to sing Tex Ritter's song about Rudolph. He was a pretty good country singer plus we liked to hear him try to remember all their names. He almost always remembered Rudolph and Donner, but I'm pretty sure none of them were named Daisy or Fixin'. But the song always came out right so it could be that my second-grade teacher had them wrong. Lord knows, there were lots of things she didn't have a clue about… like when squirrel season started or what was the limit. It makes you wonder how she was even qualified to teach the second grade. But that's a story for another day.
Then, over in the shank of the afternoon, the women came outside with the men and everybody gathered round the big old fire and just sang Christmas carols. Oh, it was fine… just fine. Then they brought out the popcorn and the kids began to string up the popcorn. With a needle and thread, we made strands of popcorn together to decorate the tree. It was great fun to try to make the longest string and I could have won if dumb old Lesley Johnson hadn't of been sneaking a handful of popcorn out of my bowl when my back was turned. But even through the disappointment of losing the "longest strand of popcorn" contest, I had to admit it was an inspiring sight to see the tree so richly decorating with strings of popcorn drooped around the huge cedar tree freshly cut and smelling good!
A final cup of coffee, one last story and it was time to get back home to our own beds and wait for Santa.
Laying there, I felt loved, safe and secure with the "anything is possible" dreams about a jolly old fat man being pulled all over the world by his flying deer guided by a reindeer named Rudolph… and of course anchored by old Daisy and Fixin'. This night I was not an orphan, this night I was not forgotten, and this night I had it all. I then drifted off in peaceful slumber reserved for those who feel truly blessed.
Merry Christmas to all and to all a good night… except dumb old Lesley Johnson, you popcorn stealer!


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Crosley Field Getting Historic Treatment
< < Back toCINCINNATI (AP) — The Crosley Field Historic Site is being opened to visitors on property where the Cincinnati Reds for decades played major league baseball.
Reds team historian Greg Rhode will provide a guided tour Wednesday. The usual tour will be self-guided, with brochures available at the City Gospel Mission that moved in 2015 to property where Crosley Field once stood. The Reds moved to a new stadium in 1970.
The site includes a large mural depicting Crosley Field during the mid-1950s. The site has replica foul poles, a replica light tower and replica seats, and base markers.
The Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and Museum has provided historical photos for the site, which is free to visitors.
The Reds' museum is funding most of the project cost and is selling personalized bricks.


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