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What Are Dental Implants?
Implants are the future of dentistry and the future is NOW!! Implants are placed in the location of a missing tooth and allow for a crown to be placed on top of the implant to replace the missing tooth. Implants can allow the patient to regain full chewing function, and restore natural form of the patients mouth. Dental implants can replace one, two, or multiple teeth. While they are amazing ways to replace a tooth, not everyone is a candidate for dental implants. In order to be a candidate for an implant, there needs to be good oral hygiene, proper bone height, and adequate bone density in order for the dental implant to succeed.
Who Can Have Dental Implants?
In general, any person at any age may need dental implants. However, it is important to Lasting Impressions that you:
- Commit to good oral hygiene
- Have enough bone to hold the implant in place
- Are healthy enough to undergo oral surgery
- Have healthy gums
- Continue with regular dental visits
Certain people may need to be more closely examined to determine if they are good candidates for dental implants. This can occur if you:
- Are a heavy smoker
- Suffer from uncontrolled chronic disorders (like heart disease or diabetes)
- Have had radiation therapy around the head or neck
Why Should I Get Dental Implants?
There are many reasons why dental implants may be right for you. When looking into tooth replacement, consider the following attributes of Lasting Impressions's dental implants:
- Comfort: each implant is individually placed and therefore more comfortable than dentures or bridges
- Strength: if taken care of properly, they can last you for your entire life
- Fit: tends to be better than dentures or bridges
- Appearance: they look and feel like your teeth
- Speech: since they won't slip out, you do not run the risk of your implants slurring your words or causing you to mumble
- Eating: they stay put so you can eat more easily
- Oral Health: other teeth do not have to be altered to fit, like with a bridge, so your teeth are left intact
- Flossing: you can floss around your dental implant and other teeth
- Cleaner: unlike dentures, there is no need to disinfect or deal with adhesives to keep them in place
How Do I Get Dental Implant?
To begin the dental implant process, you should first make an appointment with a licensed dentist. The friendly staff at Lasting Impressions is ready to take your call and answer any questions you may have about the process. We will create a personal treatment plan for you based on your specific situation.
How Do I Take Care of My Dental Implants?
Dental implants should be treated just like your real teeth. It is important to brush, floss, rinse with ADA approved mouthwash, and schedule dental check-ups regularly. This will keep your implants and teeth looking great and working well.
Give us a call at (317) 571-9610 to set up a consultation so we can help you decide if dental implants are the right move for you.


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Wedding Day Planning Guide!
The big day is coming - and the butterflies are beginning to fly, fly, fly! When I was a fresh, newbie wedding photographer in Toronto, even I got nervous, so I can imagine how the bride and groom must feel with all eyes on them on their wedding day, and the preparation that goes into it all beforehand! So after quite a few wedding shoots, I put together this handy "survival guide" for all you couples out there looking to make sure your wedding photos set sail smoothly. Have no fear!
Let's talk about posing.
Sometimes even the most confident people get a little camera shy, and that's ok! However, it helps to be aware of your posture and remember to relax when the camera turns on to keep you looking your best. I can honestly say that the most flattering shots have always been of people having fun and genuinely enjoying the moment. Relaxation is key! For example, if you hold a bouquet, keep your arms elongated and relaxed rather than tight towards your body. Your photographer will be there to instruct your posing for beautiful shots and let you know if you need to change it up (that's our job, after all). You're in good hands.
Get your items organized!
Super important - make sure to pack away all of the accessories and gifts you want to be photographed separately from everything else. This helps save time, so you're not looking around for that pair of shoes or jewelry that is now hiding amongst piles of other items. Also, when it comes to your wedding dress, try not to change until your photographer arrives in case you want the dress itself photographed on its own.
Make a timeline for the day.
Make sure to share your timeline of the day's events with your photographer; this will keep you all well-prepared! It will also help ease stress on your photographer's end as they can properly plan and be aware of how the day will flow, keeping your photos looking their best with no stress. If possible, add some time between transitions or location changes to account for any lost time and help control the day's pace.
Personal recommendation of mine: have a first look ceremony.
What's one common theme stated by many couples? That their wedding day went by so fast or seemed like a blur! Solution: have a "first look" ceremony. As the name suggests, it is a photoshoot taking place in private during the first time the couple sees each other fully dressed. It creates the perfect opportunity to see each other looking fabulous without the pressure of an audience or the rush of timelines. It also allows more time on the photographer's end to take more shots of the couple fresh-faced, looking their best!
Declutter your space.
The organization is critical - even when it comes to cleanliness and keeping your spaces clutter-free on your big day. Clutter can cost your photographer time if they have to clean up the background, and unwanted items may show up in your photos, disrupting the shot. So make sure to take time beforehand to keep your space free of random items!
My last tip for the day: have some damn fun!
Your wedding day is supposed to be a cherished memory, don't forget to enjoy it and make it so! It can be easy to fall into the rush and expectations of the crowd, but in the end, you are doing this for yourself and your partner. So live it, experience it, and let your photographer seal those memories in time!

subset: commoncrawl


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NEW YORK (WABC) -- The issue of homelessness in New York City is a complicated one with no shortage of opinions.
The New York City Council held a public hearing Tuesday to discuss the best way to get help to people who need it, especially in cases where people are turning to subway and train stations in lieu of actual housing.
The debate happened while a protest was held outside City Hall, with demonstrators saying Mayor Bill de Blasio's current "Subway Diversion Program" is flawed and discriminatory.
Many homeless New Yorkers say they have no choice, because while sleeping in the subway isn't the best option, it's their only way to stay warm. And officials say there are more homeless in the subway system than ever before.
Members of the Public Safety Committee, NYPD transit officials and the Department of Homeless Services were present at the meeting.
Over the past several months, the NYPD has been sending teams of officers down into the subways to enforce so-called Code of Conduct rules that prohibit, among other things, taking up more than one seat on the train.
As part of the mayor's program, homeless people are offered a choice of receiving a summons or accepting counseling from an outreach worker who can then help them get into a shelter.
Critics say it's harassment and short sighted. NYPD officials say it works.
"I want to be clear that being homeless is not a crime," NYPD Transit Chief Edward Delatorre said. "Whether you are homeless or not, no one is permitted to create hazardous conditions or engage in behavior that violates the law or MTA rules."
Advocates for the homeless say the diversion program is simply a way of playing a shell game with the homeless, shuffling them around without providing any actual solutions.
"We're going to continue to hold the mayor and the governor accountable for producing real affordable housing for homeless New Yorkers," said Giselle Routhier, of the Coalition for the Homeless. "It ignores the true solution to homelessness, which is housing."
They say the policy increases police interactions with people sleeping on the subways without offering them the housing they want and need, and that by emphasizing policing of homeless New Yorkers instead of devoting more resources to the housing and services people actually need, de Blasio has missed an opportunity to truly and humanely address the problem.
They say the program is ill-suited to meet people's needs for housing and instead offers the threat of summonses.


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Does Ice Melt Damage Concrete?
Does Ice Melt Damage Concrete?
Are you considering using an ice melter to melt the ice and snow but you are worried about damaging your concrete? In this post, we'll discuss whether or not ice melt damages concrete. Let's get to it:
Does Ice Melt Damage Concrete?
Ice melt rarely causes concrete damage. However, there are some cases in which it can cause damage. Below, we look at the different ice melt products and how they may damage concrete.
Calcium Chloride
When used for prolonged periods, this product may attack the metal rebar in concrete and cause rusting. This can also happen if used excessively or applied to the ground and not allowed to dry before snowfall begins. Also, if you use calcium chloride in an area that's not wet, it can cause the concrete to heave. Calcium Chloride may also discolor concrete if used excessively or not allowed to dry before snowfall begins.
Potassium Chloride
This product does an excellent job at melting ice and will usually cause no damage if applied correctly. However, potassium chloride can be damaging if the concrete has been heavily stained with grease, fertilizer, oil, or other chemicals that are prone to leaching through concrete.
Magnesium Chloride
Magnesium Chloride can cause concrete damage if it interacts with salt, which increases its corrosive properties. It should also not be used in an area where the ground has been contaminated by oil, gasoline, fuel oils, and solvents. These substances may react to Magnesium Chloride's acidic compounds and dissolve the surface of your concrete slab.
Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA)
This is applied at intervals of about six inches and allowed to dry before snowfall starts again. Do not spray it on a surface when it's below 20 degrees Fahrenheit. This causes some chemical reactions, resulting in damage to concrete surfaces or structures like guardrails made from steel, aluminum, or plastic. If you're using CMA for very brief periods followed by periodic applications – as short as 15 minutes- after each application is complete, then there won't likely be any long-term damage.
How do you melt ice without damaging concrete?
The best to use ice melt without damaging concrete is by choosing a product that is great for use on concrete. And, when in doubt, it's best to ask the manufacturer if their recommendation will work with your type of surface before using the ice melt product.
Ensure the ice melt dries off before it snows again. This is because snow will cause an uneven surface. And always apply ice melt in intervals of about six inches and wait at least three hours between applications.
As noted earlier, however, concrete damage by ice melt is rare. It only happens when you expose the concrete surface to ice melt for long periods. But in some cases, this can happen, and the damage will be limited to discoloration or rusting- but only when calcium chloride is used with improper application techniques. Most of the time, concrete damage happens due to the freezing/thaw cycle. But, the rate of damage is significantly less with a concrete overlay.
You can reduce concrete damage by using top-quality ice melt products. At NorthRock Minerals, we offer a wide variety of concrete overlays and ice melt products perfect for the winter. Our snow and ice melting products are extensively tested and approved for use on various surfaces.
We have been in the industry for years, producing best-in-class products. We guarantee 100% customer satisfaction on all orders. Whatever ice melt needs you have got, we have you covered. Get in touch with us today to find the right ice melt products for your home.


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Architecture Engineering Planning Consulting Furniture Supplying
From project design to actual implementation
Furniture manufacturing and fitting selection with delivery
Looking for dental office design ideas for a new clinic or wanting to improve the look and feel of an existing dental practice, our creative team can help. Luxury Antonovich Design is the best interior design firm that is ready to assist you with any dental clinic design project, whether it is a refurbishment, a new clinic, or redecorating. As the top interior decorations company, our services will make your clinic more organized, fashionable, and enjoyable. We'll discuss why it's so important to get your dental clinic's interior design just right, as well as dental surgery design ideas to help you succeed. We also provide advice on how to construct and/or repair a dental clinic, as well as how to handle funds.
Interior design is a powerful tool for aiding in the development of the right atmosphere and mood. In a dentistry practice, where patients may be concerned, fearful, or apprehensive, minor mood cues may be used to encourage feelings of tranquility. Patients need to feel safe and secure in a clean, bright, current, and authoritative environment in order to relax and trust you; the perfect dental clinic design idea may help you achieve this.
The best dental surgery design ideas will take into account practical considerations such as space for dental equipment and storage, efficient workflow (so dental practitioners' lives are made easier by the clinic layout), and dental clinic design standards – ensuring that you adhere to health and safety and accessibility regulations. They'll also employ dental design concepts to help enhance the office and its overall operation, such as eye-catching signage and reception areas to attract passers-by.
While each dental clinic is different, there are some general guidelines that will most likely apply to yours. The following are the four main themes that go across all of these dental surgery design ideas:
See how we can provide your premium furniture and solutions on-time and on-budget


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Gemini 2021 Horoscope Predictions says that most of the planets are moving to eastern side of your horoscope chart. As of now the planets are in the northern side of the horoscope. According to this Zodiac sign, the eclipses will have significant changes in your life and in your personality. Gemini Monthly Horoscope foretells that the lunar eclipse will have an impact on the 5th house. The solar eclipse will have impact on the 12th house of your horoscope in this month. Gemini 2021 Astrology predicts that this month you will show more interest on personal aspects and personal pleasures. You will also focus on career aspects. You will balance between your professional aspects and personal life. April horoscope 2021 says that you will see a change in your personality. You will also spend time on socializing and also indulge in humanitarian activities.
Gemini Career April 2021 Monthly Horoscope
Gemini 2021 Astrology predicts that career prospects will be fruitful in April. You will look to ethical values at work. You will be very spiritual and work using your values as you are influenced by Neptune. You will look at idealistic values at work place and implement them in your work. Spiritual leader's preaching's and teachings will have a deep impact on your work.
Gemini Finance and Money April 2021 Astrology Forecasts
Gemini Monthly Horoscope predicts that due to lunar eclipse your monetary aspects will be low in this month. The overall earnings will be good however, you should not get into risky ventures. Do not invest in any new ventures. You have to rethink about your goal alignments. You will face some challenges financially in this month. Plan your finances well and think twice before you spend.
Gemini April 2021 Love & Relationships Horoscope
This Zodiac sign will create lot of confusion with their partner as you will be more involved in your career and personal priorities. Your partner will feel neglected for this reason. This situated will be further aggravated by Mercury moving rapidly in your horoscope chart. However, there is nothing to worry. Your compatibility will become normal once your partner is convinced about your genuine love and affection.
Gemini April 2021 Marriage Horoscope
April horoscope 2021 predicts that this month is not very favorable for Gemini zodiac sign. You will be in financial crunch. It is advised to postpone your marriage plan once the bad period passes away. Those who are already engaged, you should think of getting married after April. This is just a passing cloud. You will see bright and happy future very soon.
April 2021 Health Horoscope Predictions for Gemini
Gemini's will have a good health condition this month. All the stars are showering their blessings on you and will keep your health very sound. Even small ailments like digestive complaints, common cold will not come close to you. However, don't be over confident and ignore minor health complaints. Maintain healthy body and calm mind. Don't take too much of stress. Eat healthy and follow a good exercise regime.
Gemini Monthly Education Horoscope 2021
Gemini 2021 Horoscope Predictions foretells that students will be in a comfortable position and will do well. Those who are preparing for competitive exams will see good results with little effort. This month is very favorable for students pursuing their higher education. This month is favorable for those who are pursuing technical education also. Those who are pursuing courses in drama, singing, painting, dance etc will also see good results.
Check Out Other Articles for April 2021 Horoscope
Sagittarius April 2021 Horoscope
Pisces April 2021 Horoscope
Virgo April 2021 Monthly Horoscope
Taurus Horoscope April 2021
Leo April 2021 Horoscope Predictions
April 2021 Cancer Horoscope
Capricorn April 2021 Horoscope
Aquarius April 2021 Horoscope
Aries Horoscope April 2021
Libra Horoscope April 2021
Scorpio April 2021 Monthly Horoscope


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Are you interested in trying kratom, but not sure how to use it? Don't worry, we are here to guide you in the process!
The truth is that there is no right or wrong way to use kratom – it's really a matter of personal preferences. Experienced users can mix kratom into tea, consume the powder directly, take kratom capsules or even spray it on food.
What is Kratom?
Kratom, also known as Mitragyna Speciosa, is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia. It is characterized by its hanging bundles of yellow flowers and its large size – reaching 42 feet.
It grows abundantly in the regions of Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia because it lives in warm and humid environments.
Kratom has a long history in these Asian regions of the world, with many uses in popular medicine. Kratom is traditionally harvested by picking the green leaves from the kratom vine, hand drying them in the sun and using the leaves to make a tea or powder.
Kratom can be categorized into different strains, with each strain causing a different physiological reaction.
What differentiates these strains is the color of the veins from which the leaves are harvested or the process used to make kratom powder. The most common strains of kratom are red, white and green.
Kratom's health benefits
Although there are no major uses of kratom on the market, personal anecdotes have demonstrated its effectiveness in treating chronic pain and mental disorders.
Pain is the most common health benefit reported by kratom users. Kratom leaves have an opioid effect on the body, which acts in a similar way to prescribed analgesics. Kratom has also been shown to help patients with opioid abstinence with unpleasant symptoms.
Other health benefits of kratom include improving mood, relieving anxiety, improving focus and cognitive ability, and helping recovery from addiction.
Best way to take Kratom
Kratom comes in two forms: powder and leaves. In Asia, kratom farmers usually chew the leaves of kratom while working to increase their energy. In western society, it is much more popular to take kratom powder – here's how:
Throwing and washing method
The method of throwing and washing is by far the simplest way to apply kratom. This method requires no preparation and its effects are felt quickly in the body.
To use this method, measure the desired dose of kratom and place it directly in your mouth. Then take a sip of water, shake it around your mouth and swallow.
If you are taking a large dose, separate the dose into smaller doses to avoid the uncomfortable feeling of excess kratom powder in your mouth at once. Kratom generally tastes unpleasant, so it is advisable to separate your dose into smaller portions. Doing so will not interfere with the effectiveness of kratom.
Making kratom tea is a time-consuming process, but it is one of the most enjoyable ways to consume kratom.
To make kratom tea, you will need a pot, filter or filter, kratom powder and lemon.
First, pour half a cup of water and 1 lemon juice into your pot. Let the water boil and add the kratom powder. Let it boil for 20 to 30 minutes and let it cool. Use your filter or coffee filter to remove the residue from the leaves of the liquid and your tea is ready to drink.
This tea can be consumed hot or cold, and you can add your favorite sweetener to help with the bitterness of kratom.
Capsules are an easy way to take kratom if you are looking to avoid cleaning up a mess. If you are wondering how to buy kratom and start your kratom exploration, capsules are the easiest place to start.
Capsules are great because they avoid the bitter taste that kratom leaves behind. However, you may need to take more capsules to feel the effects of kratom you want.
Come and visit thei rpage to know more about health benefits of kratom.


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"BEEP, BEEP, BEEP." It's 6AM, your alarm clock abruptly jolts you awake from unconsciousness. Can't you snooze it for 5 more minutes? Nope. Your manager doesn't like it when you show up late.
You slowly roll out of bed, enjoying every last moment of warm comfort. Like every other morning, you briefly question why you do this to yourself.
Everyone else is doing it too.
Oh well.
Still half-asleep, you rush into the office only to work on the same tedious, repetitive, and boring tasks that you've been doing all summer. You're not learning anything new and it seems like your manager doesn't have time for you.
What you once optimistically thought was going to be a summer filled with opportunity is slowly transforming into 3 months of repetitive chores. Is this what the rest of your career will be like?
Sadly, this is an all-too-common reality. It's the story of taking the first bland internship/job you could get your hands on, and simultaneously ignoring the world of exciting possibilities within your reach.
With a little bit of foresight and planning, you don't have to fall into this trap. It's in your control to prevent this from happening.
The whole point of internships is to explore career opportunities (test career hypotheses), learn new ideas and skills, meet inspiring people, and develop as a professional...
...All while having fun!
A-level internships consistently achieve this, while C-level internships do not. In A-level internships, your work experience is more impactful and meaningful, your relationships and network become stronger, and you come out with a valuable experience to further refine and develop new career hypotheses.
In C-level internships, you are bored with your work, have difficulty building relationships because people don't care about you, and you come out with little information to reflect on your career hypothesis. The previous story is a common occurrence in C-level internships.
But to maximize your chances of landing an A-level internship, you will need focus. Let's show you how to get that A-level internship.
- If you cast a large net, you are diluting the little time you have. It's spray and pray -- which you know doesn't work if you've read my article on "How to stop getting rejected from interviews". Too many students make this mistake -- don't follow the pack and apply to everything you see.
- Conversely, if you cast a small net you are putting all your eggs in a few baskets. A-level internships can be competitive (although not always), you don't want to come out of this process empty-handed.
- By casting a focused but wide net, you can channel all your energy and resources into a heavy handful of A-level internships positions in a variety of industries or functions while ignoring the rest of the noise. This is the balanced approach.
All this begs the question: What is an A-level internship and how do you distinguish it from the noise?
While sorting through internship opportunities (both visible and hidden), I use the following criteria to gauge whether the opportunity is A-level or not.
- Manager
- Skills
- Brand
- Return Offer
- Culture
Criteria 1: Top notch manager
Your manager is the gatekeeper to an amazing internship experience. She will have the power to give you impactful and challenging projects, teach you technical and soft skills on the job, advocate for you with other senior staff, and be a life-long mentor after the internship ends.
Without a fantastic manager, your internship will fall flat at best. At worst, well... refer back to the story.
How to test it: There are 3 tricks I use to learn more about a potential manager. First, you need to know who your manager would be. If you're still applying/prospecting the job, interviewing for the job, or already have the job offer in hand, you should be able to ask the recruiter or someone at the company for your future manager's name. Often times one of your interviews will be with your future manager.
- LinkedIn stalking to check for background and skills. If you're interested in finance, it can be helpful to have a manager with a background in finance. Someone who has worked at the firms you would like to work at in the future. They are most likely to understand the skills you want to develop and can help you grow accordingly.
- Ask mutual connections. If you do have mutual connections, friends, or peers who previously worked with the manager, ask for their thoughts! Don't let any resources go to waste.
- Directly ask your future manager targeted questions in an interview or coffee chat. An interview is your chance to interview them as much as they are interviewing you!
a. "What do you look for in a successful intern?"
b. "How do you see me contributing to the team?"
c. "Would I report directly to you and how often would that be?"
d. Explain your long term goals and see whether the manager is excited to help you achieve them
Criteria 2: Skills used and developed on the job
You are wasting a valuable opportunity if you are not building real skills during your internship. By focusing on skill-building internships, you will have more information to update your hypothesis and validate whether you liked working in this industry/function or not. You will also have a much easier time writing high quality bullet points for your resume and re-recruiting for future internships or jobs.
Along with a great manager, developing relevant skills is one of the most important factors in choosing an internship. How to test it:
- Read the job description and ask yourself: "Do I have to use my head to do this job?" Internships generally fall into 2 categories: thinking-oriented and task-oriented. As the name suggests, task-oriented internships often don't require much critical thinking.
- Some examples are: Social media internships -- Oftentimes they will ask you to come up with tweets or put together a social media calendar, Data entry -- Not to be confused with data analysis, data entry internships require you to manually enter physical paperwork into excel so the company has digital copies, Cold calling sales prospects -- this one can be great if you are purposeful about developing sales skills.
- Unfortunately, many finance internships have interns cold call when they were told they would be learning how to build financial models. While there are always useful lessons to learn from these tasks, they won't help much if your goal is a job that requires deep critical thinking. Always check the job description for clues that the internship is task-oriented or thinking-oriented.
- Ask questions that dig into the internship during an informational chat or interview:
1. "What does the day-to-day entail?"
2. "What is the first one or two projects you would have me work on?"
3. "What is the most pressing project on your plate that I would help with?"
4. "It sounds like most of the internship will be focused on [insert skill of interest here], does that sound
Criteria 3: Company brand and reputation
Most people think company brand is the most important criteria in choosing an internship. While it definitely helps your resume, there's little point in doing a big name internship if you don't develop any skills or work with a great manager.
For example, there is a common trend at Berkeley (and other large universities) for younger students to work at a brand name bank in the wealth management department.
Now, this would be a reasonable thing to do if you were interested in a career in asset management or finance. Yet many of the students who did these internships had no interest in finance.
The thinking was that you'd be set with a name like Morgan Stanley on your resume. Sadly, that was usually not the case.
So many students were doing internships at the big banks in wealth management that many future employers stopped caring. In most cases, wealth management interns didn't actually do much work related to finance and were more task-oriented. On top of this, students that did task-oriented wealth management internships usually didn't:
- have a manager who was invested in them (I've heard numerous horror stories of bad working relationships between managers and interns)
- build any skills relevant to their aspirations
- prove or disprove a working career hypothesis
- enjoy themselves
From my personal experiences and conversations with students/alumni working across a variety of industries, I believe you are better off working at a lesser-known company in a thinking-oriented internship than an execution-oriented internship at a brand name company.
Ideally you would eventually be able to find all of the above at a brand name company -- that's the best of both worlds.
How to test it: Having a large presence does not require having a large company. For example, there are startups with less than 50 people that have massive brand recognition in the Silicon Valley. Check to see if the company has a large presence in its respective industry.
This is a great way to look for internships online. For example, most students interested in technology immediately think about major technology companies like Google, Facebook, Apple etc.
Yet there are many well-respected and interesting companies that go under the radar because they sell products to other businesses, not consumers. One industry like this is called enterprise software as a service (SaaS), and includes Salesforce, ServiceNow, Mulesoft, Intuit, etc. Again -- all are well respected in their industry, yet often students don't think about them for internship opportunities.
Criteria 4: Path to return offer (if relevant)
If you are a junior, you may want to consider internship opportunities with a potential full time offer.
If you like the internship, it's a massive relief to come into your senior year with a job offer in-hand.
For those of you who aren't familiar with the phrase "return offer," it refers to when a company extends an offer to return back after the school year in a full time capacity. This can happen when you do well in the internship -- for tips on how to get a return offer check out my article "Intelligence is not enough to get a return offer".
How to test it: This one is easy -- ask!
If they are being dodgy about the answer or say something like "it depends on future headcount," just assume that there likely won't be a full time opportunity.
These situations are no big deal, you can still have an amazing internship, leave on great terms with your co-workers, and recruit for full time opportunities elsewhere. In fact, sometimes great managers will go out of their way to connect their interns with full time opportunities at other companies if there was no path to a return offer during the internship.
Yet another testament to how important it is to find managers who are looking out for your best interest.
Criteria 5: Company culture
Company culture is one of the most important and underrated factors in choosing a full-time job.
That being said, an internship is only a few months. You can still learn a lot from a thinking-oriented internship despite a lackluster company culture.
Sometimes it's helpful to embrace an internship at a company with a tough culture. What better way to test different company cultures than through short, low-risk, 2-3 month internships!
At the end of the day, culture is typically only a decision-making factor if you are considering going back full-time upon completion of the internship.
The Takeaway
- There's a lot more to finding a great internship than the name of the company. Don't over prioritize finding a big name internship if it means you're going to spend your summer filing papers or entering data into an excel spreadsheet. The goal of your internship is to learn, challenge yourself, and develop those career hypotheses!
- Customize the framework to fit your needs. This particular criteria is based off my experiences and those of my friends -- you may find that you value different factors (location, compensation, etc). The purpose of these articles is not to tell you exactly what to do, rather it's to give you inspiration to think about your career search and professional development in different ways.
- Cast a focused but wide net. Most people will apply to every internship they see, regardless of whether the opportunity will actually help build their careers. If you are not focused in your search, you'll waste a lot of time applying to irrelevant internships when you could double-down on the opportunities you care about. Nobody cares about the number of internships you apply to. It's about finding one that motivates, excites, and challenges you in all aspects of your development. Everything else is noise.
Next week, I will show you examples of how to apply this framework and sift through internship/job postings.
We will apply this framework to separate A-level internships from the rest.
But I'm going to need your help. Reply back with links or screenshots of internship/job postings that you want me to evaluate. I'll put together my favorite examples with my commentary and send it out next week.
P.S. If you're thinking about sending in a job posting but are worried about everyone applying to the job you're interested in, just let me know and I will hide all details about the company, role, etc.


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Are we in the midst of the internet revolution?
As a lay student of history, I've been thinking a lot about what it must've been like as the world shifted from an agrarian, farm-based economy — with most people living on farms — to a mechanized, industrial one in the late 1700's and early 1800's when people migrated to cities and to jobs in factories and offices.
According to Wikipedia, "The industrial revolution brought about various shifts in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation, which had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The changes subsequently spread throughout Europe and North America and eventually the world, a process that continues today as industrialisation.
The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human society; almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way."
Think about the pain and angst people felt as their kids left home for the city, children labored in factories, wages were low and conditions horrendous, and how much time it took for some sort of equilibrium to occur. It took many decades.
I would argue that we're right in the midst of an internet and cleantech revolution that's just begun and is influencing almost every aspect of daily life right now. As Bruce Sterling so famously said, "The future is here. It's just not evenly distributed yet."
The internet, and my business, personal and learning use of it, has fundamentally changed my life and those around me. The same could be said for many others I know. Of course, then there are those in my life that don't even have computers, or use their mobile phones for voice only. It will take years (decades?) for the future internet to get evenly distributed, though I predict it's going to happen far faster than anything that's come before.
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About Steve Borsch
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Connecting the Dots Podcast
Podcasting hit the mainstream in July of 2005 when Apple added podcast show support within iTunes. I'd seen this coming so started podcasting in May of 2005 and kept going until August of 2007. Unfortunately was never 'discovered' by national broadcasters, but made a delightfully large number of connections with people all over the world because of these shows. Click here to view the archive of my podcast posts.


text:
- 1Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 2Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 3Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada
While there is good evidence that binge eating disorder (BED) is linked to higher-than-expected use of a broad range of addictive behaviors, mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. Using a mediation-analytical approach with three age- and gender-matched groups – overweight/obese adults with (n = 42) and without (n = 104) BED, and normal-weight control participants (n = 73) – we tested the hypothesis that adults with BED would engage in more addictive behaviors and have higher scores on a personality-risk index than the two control groups. We also anticipated that the relationship between BED and addictive behaviors would be mediated by a high-risk personality profile. The predicted mediation effect was strongly supported. Contrary to expectation, BED participants did not engage in more addictive behaviors or have higher personality-risk scores than their weight-matched counterparts. However, both overweight/obese groups did have significantly higher scores than the normal-weight group. The relationships among personality risk, elevated body mass index (BMI), and addictive behaviors have important clinical implications, especially for treatments that target psycho-behavioral intervention for compulsive overeating and substance-use disorders.
Compulsive overeating, or what we call binge eating disorder (BED) in some cases, has many clinical parallels with conventional substance-use disorders, including an increasing feeling of 'loss of control' even in the face of adverse consequences (Davis and Carter, 2009). Typically, individuals also experience an overwhelming desire for certain (mostly highly palatable) foods, which often triggers relapses when one endeavors to restrain from binging behaviors – evidence which prompted the inclusion of "cravings" in the diagnostic criteria for BED in the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). A recent body of research also demonstrates psychobiological similarities between the two conditions (Banca et al., 2016; Reichelt et al., 2016). For instance, both conditions implicate neuropathophysiological systems that regulate reward sensitivity, attentional biases, impaired cognitive function, and executive-function deficits (Guido, 2015; Kessler et al., 2016).
In particular, BED has been linked to high reward responsiveness as indicated by evidence (i) that ventral striatal activity during the anticipation of a reward was inversely related to binge-eating abstinence after treatment (Balodis et al., 2014), (ii) that those with BED had a higher genetic profile reflective of stronger brain-dopamine signaling strength compared to weight-matched controls (Davis et al., 2012), and (iii) that eye-gazing duration for food images was greater in adolescents with BED than in a matched-control group (Schmidt et al., 2016). Similar neurobiological findings have been seen in those who abuse a broad range of substances (Filbey et al., 2012) where high novelty-seeking is a key psycho-behavioral trait, which in turn is linked to various reward-related neurobiological characteristics (Silveri et al., 2016). While cross-sectional brain-imaging data may indeed identify various neurotoxic effects of heavy alcohol and drug use, it is also clear that "neurobiological signatures" (Silveri et al., 2016) can be precipitating factors for drug use, as indicated by prospective evidence that high reward sensitivity predicted earlier onset of substance use in adolescents – albeit only in those with low inhibitory control (Kim-Spoon et al., 2016).
It has been argued that in some cases, BED may itself be an addiction disorder whereby severe cases with respect to compulsiveness and frequency may reflect an abuse of, and dependence on, hyper-palatable substances. Such views are based, to some extent, on evidence that processed foods high in sugar, fat, and salt have brain-responsive properties very similar to those of other addictive drugs (Gearhardt et al., 2011). There is also substantial overlap between BED and the so-called 'food addiction' construct (Davis, 2016a). In addition, there is some evidence that BED and conventional addiction disorders co-occur with a greater frequency than would be found for addiction disorders in the general population. For instance, binge eaters were more likely to use all types of addictive substances compared to controls (Ross and Ivis, 1999; Ferriter and Ray, 2011) and this relationship did not seem to be moderated by sex (Ross and Ivis, 1999). A recent large-sample study of adult men and women with BED also found a 27% life-time prevalence of alcohol and substance-use disorder (Becker and Grilo, 2015). Other evidence suggests that co-morbid BED and substance-use disorders are associated with a more severe form of BED (Peterson et al., 2005).
In spite of these findings, it is important to acknowledge an alternative hypothesis which posits that overeating may compete with addictive substances for brain reward sites, and thereby result in lower prevalence rates of drug use and abuse (Kleiner et al., 2004). While there is some support for this viewpoint, the evidence is based largely on alcohol-related research. For example, a few studies have reported that body mass index (BMI) and alcohol consumption are inversely correlated based on self-report data for both variables (Kleiner et al., 2004; Gearhardt and Corbin, 2009). However, a potential confound with these studies is the fact that, unlike most addictive substances such as cocaine or nicotine, alcohol contains calories – a factor which may contribute to the negative relationship with food consumption.
Mechanisms Linking BED and Substance-Use Disorders
Although links between BED symptomatology and substance use/abuse are well-documented, as described above, there has been little information about mechanisms that might foster this connection. One strategy is to examine the role of stable personality traits. This may be a promising approach since BED and addiction disorders have many psychological correlates and risk factors in common. For instance, both are associated with greater than expected levels of anxiety and depression (Latvala et al., 2009; Brownley et al., 2016; Jung et al., 2016; Keski-Rahkonen and Mustelin, 2016) and with personality traits such as impulsiveness and sensation seeking (Conrod et al., 2013; Lee-Winn et al., 2016). Accumulating evidence has also identified poorer interpersonal skills, avoidance of emotional expression, and a diminished ability to cope with negative feelings in those with clinically significant overeating compared to their control counterparts (Berger et al., 2014; Ivanova et al., 2015). In addition, significant associations have also been established between attachment avoidance and attachment insecurity, and binge eating (Tasca and Balfour, 2014; Shakory et al., 2015). It is possible therefore that the use of addictive behaviors may be a form of self-medication to ameliorate the effects of stressful social interactions and other distressful life events in those with BED (Besson and Forget, 2016).
The current study was designed to address two specific research questions. First of all, we tested the hypothesis that the use of a broad range of potentially addictive behaviors would be greater in those with BED compared to weight-matched controls who do not binge eat, and to a group of normal-weight control participants. It was also predicted that those with BED would have higher scores on a high-risk personality profile compared to their weight- and age-matched counterparts, and to the normal-weight controls. Finally, it was expected that the links between both behaviors would be mediated by a high-risk personality profile.
Materials and Methods
Adults between the ages of 25 and 47 years, who met the DSM-V criteria for BED (N = 42; females = 36), were recruited from the community via posters placed in many public buildings, as well as from newspaper advertisements, and online classified advertising services like Kijiji. A non-binging obese (BMI > 30) control group (N = 104; females = 75) and a normal-weight (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9) control group (N = 73; women = 49) were recruited in the same manner. While there were more woman than men in the study, the proportion of each in the three groups did not differ significantly (χ2 = 4.78; p = 0.092). The sample was largely Caucasian (82%).
Personality Risk was modeled as a composite variable comprising total scores from three personality factors associated with impulsive responding, high reward sensitivity, and anxiousness and negative affect. The well-validated, 30-item Barratt Impulsivity Scale [BIS] (Patton et al., 1995), identifies aspects of the impulsivity construct such as non-planning and the tendency to act rashly and to make quick decisions. Reward Sensitivity was assessed by the Reward Subscale [RS] of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire [SPSRQ] (Torrubia et al., 2001), which comprises 24 forced-choice items reflecting the respondent's approach responses under various conditions of reward. This scale was developed to assess the behavioral activation system [BAS] of Gray's psychobiological model of personality (Gray, 1987, 1990). Addictive Personality Traits were assessed by the 32-item Addiction Scale [AS] of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised [EPQ-R] (Eysenck and Eysenck, 1991). This scale was derived empirically by identifying those items of the EPQ-R which differentiated male drug addicts from normal controls (Gossop and Eysenck, 1980). In addition to studies with drug addicts (Sigurdsson and Gudjonsson, 1995), this scale has been validated with groups of problem drinkers (Ogden et al., 1989), pathological gamblers (Clarke, 2003), and those with disordered eating (Davis and Claridge, 1998; Davis et al., 2008). The scale items are weighed toward impulsivity, as well as anxiousness, neuroticism, and negative mood.
The three variables described above were moderately correlated, as expected (r between 0.26 and 0.42; all p-values < 0.0001). A factor score was calculated using Principal Component Analysis [PCA] (SPSS Version 23). Total scores, not individual items, were entered into the PCA. The analysis extracted only one component with an Eigenvalue > 1. The three factor loadings ranged between 0.70 and 0.81, and the variance accounted for by the extracted component was 57%. In subsequent analyses, the derived factor scores for each participant were used to reflect the latent variable.
Addictive Behaviors were assessed by the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire (Christo et al., 2003), a self-report instrument for the concurrent measurement of 16 addictive and/or excessive behaviors. Each subscale comprises 10 statements that the respondent endorses on a 6-point scale from 0 ("not like me") to 5 ("like me"). The items for each scale reflect the common characteristics of addictive behaviors, such as use for effect, one's protection of supply, a preoccupation with the substance or activity, using more than the individual intended, and one's increased capacity or tolerance for the behavior. For the purpose of the current study, a total score was created by summing the items for the following seven subscales: caffeine, recreational drugs, sex, nicotine, prescription drugs, shopping/spending, and alcohol. Other subscales such as "compulsive helping – dominant/submissive" and "relationship – dominant/submissive" were deemed insufficiently related to conventional addiction disorders to be included in the aggregate score. Scores on the total score could range from 0 to 350, with higher scores indicating greater frequency or severity of use.
Participants in the three groups were initially screened during a structured telephone interview and excluded if they reported any serious medical conditions, were not fluent in English, were pregnant or had given birth within the previous 6 months, and were currently being treated for, or had a history of any psychiatric disorders (excluding a history of unipolar depression or BED). An appointment at the hospital research laboratory was then booked for eligible participants. On the assessment day, informed consent was obtained and participants were screened for Axis I diagnosis in a formal clinical interview using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorders (SCID) carried out by trained personnel, and based on the criteria specified in the DSM-IV1. Participants then completed the questionnaire measures, after which height and weight were taken with participants wearing light indoor clothing and standing in stocking feet. At the end of the study, participants were paid a stipend for their participation. The data reported in this study are part of a larger study.
Statistical Analyses
The mediation model explained in the Section "Introduction" was analyzed according to the approach described by Baron and Kenny (1986). Mediation is present when the following four conditions are met. The independent variable (Group) is significantly associated with the proposed mediator (Personality Risk), depicted as Path A in Figure 1. Personality Risk is significantly related to the dependent variable (Addictive Behaviors), shown as Path B in Figure 1. The independent Group variable is significantly related to Addictive Behaviors, shown as Path C in the model. Finally, the relationship between Group and Addictive Behaviors is substantially minimized – or becomes non-significant – when the proposed mediator, Personality Risk, is added as a covariate in the ANOVA analysis depicted as Path C' in Figure 1. Indirect effects were assessed using PROCESS for SPSS (Hayes, 2013). Bias corrected bootstrap confidence intervals were derived at the 95% level with resamples set to 1000.
FIGURE 1. A model proposing that a high-risk personality profile mediates the relationship between binge eating disorder (BED) status and frequency/severity of addictive behaviors. The resulting p-values for paths A and C, and for paths B and C', were derived from analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least squares regression, respectively.
Table 1 presents the means and standard deviations for all quantitative variables included in the analyses, in addition to age and BMI, listed separately for the BED group, the obese control (OC) group, and the normal weight control (NWC) group. The table also includes F- and p-values for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparisons among groups. Results indicated that the three groups did not differ from each other with respect to age. As expected, the groups did differ in BMI. Post hoc comparisons using the least significant difference (LSD) test indicated, as expected, that the NWC group had a significantly lower BMI compared to the BED and OC groups (p < 0.0001 in both cases), who did not differ from each other (p = 0.512).
TABLE 1. Means and standard deviations (SD) for all quantitative variables, listed separately for BED, NWC, and OC, and F- and p-values for one-way ANOVA comparisons among the three groups.
Model Testing
Path A
Path A was tested using a one-way ANOVA with Personality Risk as the dependent variable and Group as the independent variable, as seen in Table 1. The main effect was statistically significant, and LSD post hoc comparisons indicated that the NWC group had significantly lower Personality-Risk scores than the BED group (p = 0.001) and the OC group (p = 0.003), who did not differ from each other (p = 0.266). These results are depicted in Figure 2.
Path B
Path B was tested by regressing Addictive Behaviors on the Personality-Risk factor score, and results indicated a significant positive association between the two variables (r = 0.564; p < 0.0001).
Path C
Path C (without the mediating variable) was tested using a one-way ANOVA with Addictive Behaviors as the dependent variable and Group as the independent variable. There was a significant Group main effect as indicated in Table 1, and LSD post hoc comparisons again indicated that the NWC group reported significantly lower scores on the composite Addictive Behaviors variable compared to the BED group (p = 0.001) and the OC group (p = 0.004), who did not differ from each other (p = 0.315).2 These findings are shown graphically in Figure 3.
Path C'
In the final step, Path C' was tested by repeating the analysis described in Section "Path C," however, this time the proposed mediator (Personality Risk) was included as a covariate in the model. Results indicated that Personality Risk was a highly significant predictor in the model, but that the Group main effect no longer contributed significantly to the variance in Addictive Behaviors. See Table 2 for the summary statistics for this analysis.
TABLE 2. Summary statistics for the one-way ANOVA with Addictive Behaviors as the dependent variable and the Personality Risk factor score as a covariate in the model.
Tests of Indirect Effects between the Group Variable and Addictive Behaviors
Given the significant associations described above in paths A, B, and C, tests of indirect effects between the Group variable and Addictive Behaviors were carried out. Bootstrapping was conducted using the PROCESS Marco for SPSS with 1000 bootstrap resamples and 95% confidence intervals [CI] (Hayes, 2013). An indirect effect is considered significant when the CI does not contain zero (Preacher and Hayes, 2004). Bootstrap estimate results were statistically significant (Effect = 4.27, SE = 1.63) with a 95% CI from 1.04 to 7.67. These results provide evidence for a significant difference between the total effect (Path C) and the mediation pathway – that is, that the predictive power of Group on Addictive Behaviors is lessened with the inclusion of Personality Risk in the model signifying partial mediation. The percent mediation value was 52.04.
Contrary to our main-effect predictions, there was no significant difference between overweight/obese individuals with and without BED regarding their use of addictive behaviors, although both groups had significantly higher scores than the normal-weight control group. These findings may imply that addictive behaviors are linked to elevated BMI – and thereby to sustained overconsumption relative to energy expenditure – irrespective of the pattern of overeating. Such speculation has some intuitive appeal since varied patterns of consumption are also found in all substance-use disorders. For instance, while some individuals who consume alcohol to excess display bouts of regular binge-drinking followed by periods of abstinence, others consume the same amount of alcohol, but show more continual drinking throughout most days (e.g., Rehm et al., 2003). Similarly, there are various patterns of overeating that are relevant to weight gain and obesity, and each of these may have the capacity to promote addictive tendencies toward food (Davis, 2016a). Finally, our finding that BMI was positively associated with a broadly represented measure of addictive behaviors, does not support the view that food and other addictive behaviors compete for the same brain-reward sites (Kleiner et al., 2004).
In the current study, both overweight groups also had higher personality-risk scores than the normal-weight control group, although they too did not differ significantly from each other. Although there is some evidence that BED is associated with greater psychopathology than their weight-matched counterparts without BED (Ivezaj et al., 2016; Lo Coco et al., 2016), there were no differences between the two groups concerning the specific personality traits (viz., impulsivity, reward sensitivity, and anxiety-proneness) assessed in our study.
In support of our mediation hypothesis, however, we did find that the significant association between the independent variable (BED-status groups) and addictive behaviors was mediated by the high-risk personality profile – a constellation of traits associated with addictive behaviors in previous research (Mackinnon et al., 2014; Davis et al., 2015). In other words, and as demonstrated statistically, the association between the independent variable (group) and the dependent variable (addictive behaviors) was no longer significant when personality risk was added as a covariate in the model. We propose that the traits comprising the high-risk profile may enhance vulnerability to addictive behaviors via separate, but interconnected, mechanisms. For example, impulsiveness may be more likely to foster a proclivity for risky behaviors and a diminished capacity for appropriate restraint, while anxiousness and negative mood may increase the reinforcing potential of these behaviors as a strategy for coping with the deleterious effects of stress.
Theories of personality-risk for addiction – or what is frequently called an 'addictive personality' (see Davis, 2016b for a review) – are generally embedded in a biomedical model. As such, attempts to provide a tangible description of psychological vulnerability have relied largely on behavioral and biological constructs (Clark, 2015). Identifying the components of this alleged personality profile has proved difficult, however, due to challenges disentangling the antecedent and consequential factors in its formation. That is, it may be that the identified traits are a result of the addictive behaviors rather than a predisposing set of factors (e.g., Amodeo, 2015). For instance, it is well-established that excessive consumption of addictive substances (including hyper-palatable foods) fosters brain alterations that increase the very symptoms which define the disorder, such as compulsive use, strong cravings, and depressive mood during abstinence (Wilhelm et al., 2014; Volkow et al., 2016). On the other hand, it is also clear that addictions are substantially heritable, that risk is non-specific to particular addictive substances or behaviors, and that the common vulnerability mechanisms are shared genetically with certain personality traits (Kendler et al., 2003; Davis and Loxton, 2013; Vanyukov et al., 2015). In addition, it is important to note that impulsivity is highly pervasive in many aspects of psychopathology as highlighted by its association with 18 psychiatric diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Edition [DSM-5](American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Sperry et al., 2016). In isolation – and similar to the presence of anxiety – it is therefore a fairly non-specific risk factor for a myriad of mental health disorders. And finally, we know that addiction disorders are very heterogeneous, and that any particular trait only describes a proportion of the individuals with these conditions (Szalavitz, 2015).
In addition to the strengths of this research, it is important to address its limitations in the hopes that future research can extend and replicate the current findings. Foremost was our inability to examine male–female differences and whether sex/gender moderates the relationships we identified. In particular, the sample of individuals with BED had an insufficient number of male participants to adequately power an appropriate moderation-mediation analysis. Going forward, and given the pronounced female bias in the prevalence of BED – estimates vary from a 2:1 to a 6:1 ratio (Ágh et al., 2015) – selective recruitment will be necessary to provide balanced samples according to male–female ratios. It is also important for future research in this field to place emphasis on longitudinal investigations in order to differentiate antecedent/risk factors from those which derive as a consequence of the behaviors themselves.
In summary, we found that a high-risk ('addictive') personality profile mediates the relationship between BED status and the use/abuse of a broad range of addictive behaviors. However, we found no evidence that overweight/obese adults with BED engaged in significantly more addictive behaviors, or had a more addictive personality, than their weight-matched counterparts. The mediational role of personality risk factors has important clinical implications, especially concerning the recent evidence from a randomized control trial, which demonstrated that a personality-targeted prevention program for adolescence was significantly more effective in reducing alcohol use and misuse than a conventional drug-education program (Conrod et al., 2013).
Ethics Statement
The procedures reported in this study were approved by the Research Ethics Boards relevant to the institutional affiliations of the authors, and were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Author Contributions
CD conceived of the project and oversaw the data collection. She also took the lead in drafting the manuscript. RL, AK, JC, and JK contributed to the data collection and interpretation of the data. LM contributed to the data analysis and writing of the manuscript.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The data were funded by a grant (MOP-84257) to CD from the Canadian Institute of Health Research. RL, AK, JC, and JK were co-investigators on the grant.
- ^With respect to BED diagnosis, we used a modified set of criteria for binge frequency and duration-of-occurrence (viz., at least one episode a week over a period of 6 months). This criterion is similar to what is now specified in the DSM-5).
- ^As an auxiliary analysis, we assessed group differences on the seven addictive behavior scales individually. Only the shopping (p < 0.0001) and the nicotine (0.008) subscales reached statistical significance. The pattern of post hoc comparisons, using the least significant difference test, was the same for both variables. The normal-weight control group had lower scores than the BED (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.003, respectively) and the obese-control groups (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.038, respectively), who did not differ from each other (p = 0.129 and p = 0.138, respectively).
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Keywords: binge eating disorder, personality risk, addictive behaviors
Citation: Davis C, Mackew L, Levitan RD, Kaplan AS, Carter JC and Kennedy JL (2017) Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in Relation to Addictive Behaviors and Personality Risk Factors. Front. Psychol. 8:579. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00579
Received: 30 December 2016; Accepted: 28 March 2017;
Published: 25 April 2017.
Edited by:
Astrid Müller, Hannover Medical School, GermanyReviewed by:
Boris C. Rodríguez-Martín, Fundación Recal, SpainAshley Nicole Gearhardt, University of Michigan, USA
Copyright © 2017 Davis, Mackew, Levitan, Kaplan, Carter and Kennedy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Caroline Davis, firstname.lastname@example.com


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[O365] My thoughts from Unity Connect 2015
These last few years I made it a habit to visit TCFKASPC: The Conference Formerly Known As SharePoint Connections. This year it was relabeled Unity Connect after the IT Unity initiative founded by Dan Holme and others. I think two days of conference is a good way of submerging yourself into the latest and greatest,


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…and I'm not even in China yet!
I'm leaving for HK tonight. Guess what my last meal is…yep, Chinese food. I guess that's what I get for eating with my family. I really wanted Red Robin or Mexican food because I know I won't be eating burgers or tacos anytime in the next 5 weeks.
Ok, blessings to all on the home front!


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ISIS BLITZED: Terror group sustains 'heavy losses' as US bombers blast Libyan strongholds
ISLAMIC STATE (ISIS) has suffered "heavy losses" after US warplanes launched a huge bombing blitz on jihadi strongholds in north Africa today.
US bombers have inflicted mass casualties on ISIS in Syria
The twisted terror group saw scores of its fighters killed as Western forces made a rare major intervention in Libya since the bombing campaign to oust Colonel Gadaffi.
US warplanes targeted Islamist positions in and around the port city of Sirte, on the Mediterranean coast, which has been described by gleeful ISIS commanders as the gateway to Europe.
Terror chiefs have persistently threatened to use Sirte as a springboard to attack the continent, with their propaganda pamphlets frequently featuring mocked up images of Rome, Paris and London in flames.
But now, following a request for help from the new Libyan unity government, western powers have finally hit back to smash the jihadis and halt their growing presence in north Africa.
Libyan commanders are launching a ground offensive on the city of Sirte
Western forces were asked to intervene by the new Libyan government
Libyan PM Fayez Sarraj, who asked for US military intervention, said strikes over the last 24 hours had caused the terror group "heavy losses".
The military intervention comes after ISIS drafted in soldiers from its allied Islamist group Boko Haram to bolster the defences of Sirte and other Libyan coastal settlements it has seized.
The US has previously carried out airstrikes in Libya in February and November 2015, and special forces including the SAS are known to be operating in the country against ISIS.
But the lack of a clear government in the country, which has been gripped by civil war since the West ousted Colonel Gadaffi, has limited military involvement.
Libya: ISIL-held city of Sirte 'on the verge of being liberated' says military
A spokesman for the Pentagon said that today's strikes, personally authorised by Barack Obama, were in support of Libyan government forces currently fighting ISIS militants.
He said: "These actions and those we have taken previously will help deny ISIS a safe haven in Libya from which it could attack the United States and our allies."
Pentagon spokesman Peter Cook said the strikes hit "precision targets", including a tank, in response to a request from the Libyan administration in the past few days.
He added that there were no US military forces deployed on the ground in connection with today's airstrikes.
The new Libyan government, which is backed by America, began an offensive against jihadi fighters holed up in Sirte in May and said two weeks ago that it had made its largest gains to date.
ISIS is already being pounded in its Middle Eastern heartlands of Syria and Iraq, where it is haemorrhaging territory at a lightning rate, and has been looking upon North Africa as a future safe haven for its so-called caliphate.
In particular terrorist commanders have believed they could exploit the political turmoil in the region which stemmed from the Arab Spring to put down strong roots and seize new territory.
Libya was plunged into civil war following the fall of Colonel Gadaffi and there are still a number of factions vying for power, with the West backing the new national unity government which began operating from the capital Tripoli in April.
The development has sparked greater international cooperation with the Libyan authorities, meaning that a concerted international effort can now get under way to root ISIS fighters out of the country.
As a result, Western officials now believe the number of ISIS militants in Libya - previously estimated at 6,000 - is rapidly declining due to high death rates and desertions.
The Pentagon said that fewer than 1,000, and possibly just several hundred, remained in its main stronghold of Sirte.
In the aftermath of today's bombings raids The Stop the War Coalition released a statement condemning America's latest actions.
It said: "The 'sustained assault' launched by the US today on the Libyan city of Sirte opens a dangerous new front in the War on Terror.
"Libya is a failed state, shattered by the last major Western intervention in 2011. That operation killed tens of thousands and unleashed a civil war that continues today.
"The Western backed Government of National Accord (GNA) claims that US bombing has been requested as part of its battle with IS and is therefore legitimate.
"The GNA was, however, imposed on the country by the US and its allies earlier in the year and is not recognised in much of the territory. The area remains fragmented and locked into a bitter war for control - at its most intense around the oil-rich region of Sirte.
"More Western bombing will entrench divisions and intensify violence. It will inevitably increase bitterness against the West and will do nothing to defeat IS. Stop the War continues to demand Western powers learn the terrible lessons of the last fifteen years and end their addiction to military solutions."


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When you see a product that says carbon neutral, what does it mean?
I recently enjoyed a bottle of Italy's number one selling wine in Canada, Santa Margherita's Pinot Grigio. Each bottle has a green label that says "Carbon neutral from ground to store. Measured and offset with Carbonzero". It is produced in Italy, imported into Canada by Lifford Wine, and certified by Carbonzero as carbon neutral. I investigate its Italian supply chain and production, shipping to Canada, and sales and consumption in Canada to learn what it means to be carbon neutral.
Carbon neutrality, or having a net zero carbon footprint, refers to balancing carbon released with an equivalent amount of offset. Claiming carbon neutrality generally involves three steps: measure, reduce, offset.


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A charcoal grill is a great way to be able to grill and cook your favorite meats. It's a cheaper alternative to more expensive grills that use propane and can ignite themselves. Although charcoal grills are cheaper than propane grills, they're still really good at grilling meat, and some people prefer the taste of the meat when a charcoal grill is used. Charcoal gives more of a smoky taste to the meat. The trouble with charcoal grills is that you need to know how to light them properly, and that can be a little difficult. Have no fear! It's easy to learn and you'll be a pro in no time. Here are the best techniques for lighting a charcoal grill.
Different Lighting Techniques
It's important to note that lighting a charcoal grill can be done many different ways. There is not one right way to do it. Most people will find what they have the most success with and stick to that. Other people might do it completely different. It's all up to you. There are 3 main techniques for lighting a charcoal grill that will be discussed in this article; the lighter fluid method, the charcoal chimney starter method, and the match light charcoal method.
The Lighter Fluid Method
Image Source: Kingsford
Charcoal will not light with a match directly, so it's important that you find another way to light the charcoal. Lighter fluid is a good way to go. It's very simple and easy to use. However, lighter fluid can be dangerous so extreme precautions should be taken.
Step 1
Put a large mound of charcoal on top of your charcoal grill. Put the charcoal as close together as you can, this will help the other charcoal to light quickly. Charcoal that is spread out will not stay lit. Charcoal that is close together holds onto heat making certain that the charcoal stays lit.
Step 2
Put lighter fluid on top of the mound of charcoal. Do this very carefully. Make sure that none of the lighter fluid gets on your clothing because it is extremely flammable. Follow the directions on the lighter fluid bottle. Lighter fluid is only for the use of lighting unlit charcoal. Never squirt lighter fluid on charcoal that is already lit, the fire could injure someone.
Step 3
Light the charcoal with a match right after you squirt them with the lighter fluid. The charcoal will catch on fire and begin to burn. Charcoal turns gray when they become hot, this is when they are ready to use. Spread the charcoal out evenly once they turn gray so that meat will cook evenly all around.
The Charcoal Chimney Starter Method
Image Source: Pixabay
A charcoal chimney starter is a large metal cylinder that resembles a chimney on a house. The chimney has two separate compartments, or chambers, one for the charcoal and one for newspaper.
Step 1
Put charcoal in the top compartment of the chimney. Usually, a charcoal chimney can hold around 100 pieces of charcoal, or briquettes as they are often called.
Step 2
Light the newspaper and put it in the compartment beneath the charcoal. The newspaper will burn and the charcoal will start to catch fire as they sit above the flames of the newspaper. Keep checking the charcoal to see if they are starting to smoke and turn gray. Sometimes the newspaper's flame goes out and needs to be relit.
Step 3
Remove the chimney and spread out the burning charcoal once the briquettes are gray and you see flames on them. This process doesn't take very long, but is a little longer than using lighter fluid. It should only take about 15 minutes to get really good, hot charcoal.
The Match Light Charcoal Method
Image Source: Kingsford
This method is by far the easiest, but it is a little more expensive to do. There are special kinds of charcoal that can be purchased that makes lighting really easy. Match light charcoal has lighter fluid actually inside the charcoal itself. This makes this type of charcoal a little more expensive than traditional charcoal.
Step 1
Put the charcoal in a mound so that the briquettes will help light each other. Remember, briquettes that are spread out will not stay lit until they have been burning for a long time. Make sure that the pile isn't too big either, you want it to be just right so that your meat cooks evenly.
Step 2
Light the briquettes with a match. It's that easy. The briquettes will light right away because they have lighter fluid inside them. This makes lighting a charcoal grill super easy. You should see flames coming off of your charcoal, if not there might be something wrong with it.
Step 3
Spread out the charcoal when they're gray and have flames on them. Gray charcoal means it will stay lit when it gets spread out. Don't keep the charcoal in a mound once you start cooking, your meat will not cook evenly.
Why Does the Technique Matter?
These Techniques Work
These are tried and true ways to light a charcoal grill. Lighting a charcoal grill isn't always as simple as using a match. Although, it can be if you want it to be. The match light briquettes make lighting a charcoal grill super easy, but you're going to have to spend more money on those. However, if you'd rather have convenience and you're willing to pay for it then this might not be a problem for you.
Better Meat
Using proper techniques will also help you to have the best tasting meat possible. Your meat will also be more evenly cooked when you use proper techniques.
The proper techniques for lighting a charcoal grill also matter because it can be dangerous if you don't do it correctly. Don't just dump a bunch of lighter fluid on a pile of charcoal and see what happens. That could end badly. Any lighter fluid that gets on your clothes could catch on fire if you're too close to the fire.
Summing Up
Charcoal grills are great and lighting them doesn't need to be difficult. Lighting a charcoal grill can be as simple as lighting a match, depending on the type of charcoal you buy. Charcoal grills give meat a great flavor, and they are less expensive than a propane grill with an igniter. This is a great grill for people that want to grill their meat, but are on a tighter budget. Summer is almost over so it's time to use that charcoal grill as many times as you can before the weather starts getting colder. The grilling season is coming to an end. Lighting a charcoal grill is simple and it will work whether you want to cook steaks, pork chops, or chicken. Go get grilling before it's too late!
Image Source: Pixabay
Related Article: Best Charcoal Grill: (Our Top 10 Picks and Overall Favorite)


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Kansas City residents will vote on the fate of existing facilities at KCI in a week. We hit the most common points of concern about the project, and city council members Jolie Justus, 4th District, and Dan Fowler, 2nd District, respond to them. Then, the we break down the big-picture narratives of the Vietnam War with two American perspectives from soldiers who were officers in the conflict.
As part of Big Read KC, Col. Thomas Dials and Dr. James Willbanks discuss their individual perspectives of the Vietnam War at the Kansas City Central Library at 6:30 p.m. on Tuesday, October 31. Visit KCLibrary.org for more information.


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by Andrea Vidal
Bob Montana Archie Comic Strip
Hi! I have a newspaper cut out of a 1957 Archie comic. What makes this strip seem unique to me is the subject matter. There's been speculation about Archie and Jughead before, could this be their first kiss in print? Thanks!
Editor's reply: Hi Andrea, thanks for writing. Almost impossible to assign a value to this. People don't really collect strips cut from publications, they tend to collect the entire.
I can't really speculate about the first kiss. Would any Archie collectors care to comment? According to Wikipedia, their first kiss appears in Jughead Jones Digest #1, but those are reprints of earlier comics...


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For institutions, businesses or companies from Paris, France wishing to hire iOS Developers!
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At our core, we are committed to providing exceptional customer service and delivering high-quality results on time and within budget. We pride ourselves on our attention to detail and our ability to work with our clients to meet their unique needs and requirements.
If you're looking for a reliable and experienced partner for your iOS development needs, look no further. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can help you create the perfect iOS app for your business or personal use.
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We are offering two forms of collaboration:
– You can outsource your project to us and we will be taking care of the entire development process of your project;
– You can hire and integrate our iOS developers into your own internal development team based on a daily rate;
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Our developer's availability is:
– on a daily contract basis;
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– Writing testable code and ensuring the test coverage stays at the agreed level;
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All our developers are based in the European Union (EU) space and are available to work remotely, on-site or hybrid.
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Phone / WhatsUp: + 353 892 259 202
Email: email@example.com
City: Paris, France
Read more about us on our home page: https://codertal.com
Check out also our LinkedIn page.


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Rising European fear: Strongman-dominated global "jungle"
The spread of anti-establishment movements in the U.S. and Europe — fed by a gnawing sense of Western failure — suggests a restoration of "the jungle," the more dangerous, strongman-led politics that preceded World War II, according to a leading historian.
Why it matters: Over the last week, politicians and voters in Italy, Hungary and Sweden have reinforced Europe's move away from the U.S.-led order. But historian Robert Kagan of the Brookings Institution says many forget that, prior to the war, normal European politics gave birth to fascism, Nazism, genocide and some of history's most predatory dictators.
- In a vote today, the European Parliament censured Hungary as a "systematic threat to the rule of law" because of Prime Minister Viktor Orban's increasing concentration of power in his own hands, report the WSJ's Valentina Pop and Drew Hinshaw.
- On Sunday, Swedish voters gave their biggest support ever to the right-wing Democratic Party, which has neo-Nazi roots. The Democrats finished with almost 20% of the votes, giving them 42 of the 349 seats in parliament, the third-largest share of nine parties or coalitions.
- And last Friday, Matteo Salvini, Italy's powerful deputy prime minister, joined The Movement, a group founded by Steve Bannon to spread populist politics throughout Europe, reports the NYT's Jason Horowitz.
Ahead of the publication of his slender new book, "The Jungle Grows Back" (out next week), Kagan tells Axios that the string of events in Europe are examples of the world returning to its natural, tough guy-led state.
"Democracy and liberalism aren't our fate. It's always a battle of the human soul, of the competing forces of human nature. We now have tribalism and nationalism in search of strong authority."— Kagan, speaking to Axios
Kagan's thesis has gained traction in Germany. In a speech on Aug. 27 in Berlin, German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas said, "We Germans in particular can have no interest in a 'jungle growing back in the world order.' We must resist this to the best of our ability. And we must lay our hands on the right tools when the jungle beckons."
In the book, Kagan argues that the last three decades of geopolitics — the failure of the Arab Spring, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, not to mention the financial crash and more — have naturally led people to lose faith in the basic system of governance.
Americans in particular wonder why the U.S. ought to pay an outsized portion of the cost of the system. But Kagan says the governing system amounts to a bargain — the U.S. gets strategic hegemony and the same resulting peace and prosperity enjoyed by everyone, as long as it does not constrain anyone else's economic growth.
The impact: Absent the U.S., the whole house falls apart, Kagan says. "[T]here is no guarantee that democracy comes out on top," he says. "If you look at history, you have to say that that has been rarer."
- "People think the last 30 years has been a disastrous foreign policy," he says. "It will be difficult turning it around. The only answer is to go back through history and say, 'This is what normal looks like.'"