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Beware the Negative Stress Test: Postoperative Cardiac Events May Be More Prevalent Than in Patients Without a Preoperative Workup
Jesse A. Columbo, MD, MS1, Ravinder Kang, MD, MS1, Douglas W. Jones, MD2, Bjoern D. Suckow, MD, MS1, Daniel B. Walsh, MD1, Richard J. Powell, MD1, Salvatore T. Scali, MD3, Philip P. Goodney, MD, MS1, David H. Stone, MD, MS1.
1Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA, 2Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA, 3University of Florida Health, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Objectives: Patients thought to be at elevated perioperative risk are often selected to undergo stress testing prior to vascular surgery. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative cardiac events among patients with negative stress tests versus those who did not undergo testing.
Methods: We reviewed all patients who underwent elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (OPEN), suprainguinal bypass (SUPRA), endovascular aneurysm repair (EVR), carotid endarterectomy (CEA), and infrainguinal bypass (INFRA) within the Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE) from 2003-2017. Next, we excluded patients with positive stress tests(n=3,312) and studied two mutually exclusive groups: elective surgery patients with a negative stress test, and elective surgery with no stress test (total n=27,270) The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital postoperative cardiac events (dysrhythmia, heart attack, heart failure) or death.
Results: A preoperative stress test was obtained in 66.3% of OPEN, 42.8% of SUPRA, 37.1% of EVR, 36.0% of CEA, and 31.2% of INFRA. The crude odds ratio (OR) of in-hospital postoperative cardiac event or death was 1.37(95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.76) for OPEN, and 1.52 (CI: 1.13-2.03) for SUPRA, indicating that patients with negative stress tests prior to these procedures were 37% and 52% more likely to suffer a postoperative event or die compared to patients selected to proceed directly to surgery without testing (Figure). Conversely, the crude OR was 0.92 (CI: 0.66-1.29) for EVR, 0.92 (CI 0.70-1.21) for CEA, and 1.13 (0.90-1.40) for INFRA, indicating that patients undergoing these procedures had a similar likelihood of an event, whether they had a negative stress test or proceeded directly to surgery without a stress test. Adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities did not meaningfully change these estimates.
Conclusions: Patients are often appropriately selected to proceed directly to surgery within the VSGNE. However, a negative preoperative stress test must not assuage the concern for an adverse outcome, as these patients retain a substantial likelihood of cardiac events, especially after large magnitude procedures.
Back to 2019 Abstracts


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Get Funding.
Create Change.
You are here
We Made a Plan. NOW what do we do?
Cartoonist Allen Saunders said it first, John Lennon made it sing: "Life is what happens to you while you're busy making other plans." These days, most nonprofits must know the feeling. You invested in a strategic planning process, you worked through a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats), you articulated coherent and realistic objectives. Everything seemed to line up—until your world got turned upside down by the pandemic and its aftershocks.
Key employees got sick. Funders stopped returning calls. Community centers where you meet your clients were shuttered. Volunteers stayed at home, quarantined, unable to help you like they said they would. How do you carry out your carefully-crafted strategic plan if "life" gets in the way?
These are five things your nonprofit might do to stay the course. Since you can't rely on the old habits or the old assumptions, now's a good time to renovate the way you go about your business.
Make new allies. You aren't the only ones trying to address the need. This might be a good time to reach out to other organizations (nonprofits, small businesses, churches, local governments) to see how you might team up to get the job done. All you'll have to do is give up exclusive ownership of success!
Talk less, listen more. Now, more than ever, is a time to bring the voices of the organization's "customers" into the planning process. You might have done a needs assessment—needs have probably changed. You might have planned programs to respond to community concerns—those concerns have probably mutated.
Treat every morning like Monday morning. Fresh start, new information, updates from colleagues, a calendar reset—these are the upsides of a new work week. These days, the pandemic has made uncertainty the new normal. See if your organization can find the energy in this fact to approach your work with the "beginner's mind" and consider the possibilities.
Engage your supporters. This is the time to bring your major donors and funders into the conversation. They shouldn't expect you to have it all figured out (their crystal balls are cloudy, too). Share your challenges, invite collaboration, ask them for flexibility as you work to set a course.
Follow Ike's advice. Eisenhower said, "in battle, plans are useless, but planning is indispensable." This means that nonprofits need to integrate a planning process into the day-to-day work of the organization. Make time for it. Give it parity with delivering services and raising money. Challenge assumptions and learn new ways to think about getting where you want to go.
Yesterday's map doesn't match today's journey.
Thomas Boyd is Chief Editorial Consultant for The Grantsmanship Center
and an independent consultant to nonprofit organizations.
We welcome you to link to these pages and to direct people to this information on our site.
If you'd like to use this copyrighted material in some other way, please contact us for permission: firstname.lastname@example.com.
We love to hear from you!
© Copyright 2020, The Grantsmanship Center
You're welcome to link to these pages and to direct people to our website.
If you'd like to use this copyrighted material in some other way,
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Originally posted by Landrover
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I was texting about this with friends last week. We did nascar at COTA a few months back and loved it. If you go and want to put a group together let me know. I would love to attend with some fellow Tbh's and F1 guys.


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Increasing Social Security Benefits
There are a number of variables that can affect your Social Security benefits. Retirees and those who will be retiring in the next few years can find can use Social Security tools (click on "Computer Programs" and "Social Security Solutions").
Most Social Security planning focuses on a married couple's ability to "file and suspend" (while other spouse files for spousal benefits). Widows and widowers can also play one benefit against another: start the survivor's benefit when you reach age 60 and then flip to your own retirement benefit at age 62 or older.
If you expect a significant portion of your retirement income to come from tax-deferred savings, you may be better off depleting most or all of those assets first, thereby having the financial wherewithal to delay all or most of your Social Security retirement benefits.


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- Newsmaker: Bush and Congress - Uniting or Dividing? - A recent Gallup Poll found Democrats disapprove of President Bush's early performance by 54 to 26 percent. Since World War II, only President Clinton drew comparable early negative response from the opposing party. CNN's Bill Schneider names tax reform as the issue that shattered Bush's attempts at bi-partisanship.
- Reporter's Notebook: Making an Athlete - IMG Sports Academies - Every spring and summer, thousands of kids head off to athletic camps for intense instruction in their preferred sport. Mark Hyman, of Business Week magazine, takes us to the Cadillac of all camps, a place in Florida where parents can spend 50,000 dollars a year in pursuit of their child's tennis or golf excellence.
Japan Policy Research Institute


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Classic Bathwalls
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Phone: (250) 755-3070
Fax: (250) 755-3085
From complete remodeling to shower stall installation, we do it all! Our company takes the business owner's vision and makes it a reality.
Classic Bathwalls is a full bathroom remodeling company offering a quality remodel at an affordable price.
Bathroom remodeling, Basement remodel, Construction services, Kitchen remodeling.
Whether you are planning a kitchen upgrade, ripping out and refurbishing your bathroom, adding an extra room, or redoing your whole floor, Classic Bathwalls is the company you can trust. So call us today for a free in-home, no obligation quote to get started.
Our showroom features a wide variety of cabinets, countertops and bathroom vanities designed to fit your remodeling needs.


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Dealing With Public File Gremlin #2
[March 2016] As an experienced inspector under the ABIP, Ken Benner has been to several thousand stations over the past couple of decades, and he has helped many of them to be in compliance with the FCC Rules and Regulations. That does not mean there are no problem areas. There are. And Ken has called them The Three Gremlins. Here he discusses one of them.
Of the three Gremlins afflicting the maintenance of a station's Public Inspection File – Issues & Programs, EEO (Equal Employment Opportunity), and the Political File – it is the rules governing the EEO have long been considered to be some of the most difficult.
In fact, with its approximate 5,675 legally complexified words, EEO issues are among the most profitable to the FCC Fine Machine's contributions to the Federal treasury and the legal fraternity's retirement fund
Hard to Parse Instructions
Several years ago the FCC EEO Office decided to require a "randomly selected" 5% of station licensees to be audited.
Most licensees had no choice but to contact their legal counsel for assistance because CFR Part 73.2080 was so gobbledygooped that it was hopelessly impossible for most lay persons to comprehend.
For example, in one fun-filled paragraph – see 73.2080(c)(4)(iv) – we find the following instruction to "Utilize media for recruitment purposes in a manner that will contain no indication, either explicit, or implicit, of a preference for one race, national origin, color, religion or sex over another; …"
We could offer more examples, but rest assured that reading part or all of 73.2080 is not for the faint of heart.
Protection for Station Owners?
On the surface EEO appears to provide some protection for a station licensee in the event someone complains to the FCC that he/she was discriminated against from being hired or fired.
The problem is, as with so much we read or hear about, how do you defend yourself from a fabri- 2 cated allegation without losing everything you have worked so hard, for so long?
The current result is not very encouraging. Often you may wind up in court, your lawyer produces scads of EEO material accumulated in your Public File and – if you are lucky – you are vindicated after spending scads of money and losing a mountain of respect from the adverse media publicity generated from something over which you have had absolutely no control.
Outside Pressures
My research for this column has also revealed substantial support from the Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender groups to add their concerns regarding this group to prohibit religious broadcasters (who may well have issues with these folks) from discriminative hiring.
One long-time broadcaster friend of mine upon receiving his EEO audit notice desperately phoned his lawyer for help who responded to the effect; "Fear not, my dear friend, I can handle your audit response that will suffice and my fee will be only $4,000." My friend felt he had no choice.
His lawyer then produced a few hundred pages of lawyereeze and billed my friend $6,000. Yes, $6,000!
Looking For Resources
So let us see what we can do to simplify things.
If you are seeking the absolute simplest way to deal with an EEO audit, just visit a couple of large, well-capitalized stations nearby and request copies of the material in their EEO Public Inspection File folder. Take them home, study them for the easiest to file, and replace the appropriate items with your appropriate items. Then, file the form, and thank dear ol' Uncle Kenny here, who now has saved you thousands in legal costs.
I Am Not a Lawyer
No, Uncle Kenny is not a lawyer, and is not offering legal advice. Just a strategy which has worked for some folks.
Ok, so you do not feel like you can trust your Uncle Kenny's idea. My suggestion then is to go on line: hop onto the NAB website spend a few bucks for their booklet addressing EEO.
Perhaps even better, if you have read a prior column of mine and obtained the NAB Legal Guide that I suggested, go to page 124-128 "O. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT PROCEDURES," and you will have a very good comprehensive idea of what you must do to be complaint.
And, in the event you still have doubts or questions about what to do, in this event you pick up your telephone and meet some few really, really nice folks at the FCC EEO office:
Lew Pulley at 202-418-1456 or
Estella Salvatierra at 202-418-1789 or
firstname.lastname@example.com; or
Cheryl Kornegay at 202-418-7948 or
Do Not Expect Changes Soon
When one looks at EEO, and where it began, in Congress, it is clear EEO is largely political – and unfortunately, not going away any time soon.
Of course, the new Congress being voted later this year might change things. But Washington, DC is just as likely to fall into a black hole and disappear.
Finally, again please remember that Uncle Kenny here at 79 is not a lawyer. Rather he wants you to see him as a really nice, meek, and humble guy out here on the Arizona Sonora Desert, semi-retired after over a half-century of service to the industry. Yet, even as he struggles to feed his lovely little wife and lovely precocious daughter, "Sparky" the cat, he has learned a few disturbing things that plague our profession, one of which is the topic at hand.
Now was that not fun? Next time we will tackle Public File Gremlin No. 3 – The Political File – for still more "fun," especially this year!
– – –
Ken Benner, CBRE, NCE is not a lawyer nor politician, and does not hold the above material to be considered legal advice, but rather a good faith explanatory effort based upon his 20 years of dedicated service as an ABIP inspector. You can contact Ken directly at: email@example.com


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I put this on top of Nails Inc Out Of Hours. It is from the Go Glitter set that Home Bargains currently have in store for Christmas.
This is easy to use, easy to apply and good drying (4-5 minutes a coat). It is a nice golden glitter and looks good over the Nails Inc polish I think. The brush was good and made it easy to apply. Lasted really well.
Easy to use = 8/10
Application = 8/10
Drying time = 8/10
Lasted well = 8/10
Coats = 1
Finish = glitter
Removal = easy with foil method, let soak for 2 minutes
Overall = 9/10
Purchased from = Home Bargains
My Personal Rating = 7/10


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Sports Team is TRCOA's artist pick of the month. This indie band from London is bringing fun back to the alternative rock genre. They have found success with unpoetic yet catchy songs about flip phones, pubs and motorways.
The band met while studying at the University of Cambridge. The band made it start performing at pub in Cambridge. Lead guitarist Henry Young was also sports reporter for CNN which may have inspired the bands name.
Band members have come out saying that while they would love to hit #1 on the charts, they prefer to focus on making the live experience the best.
To see a crowd singing back to you and to see people really up for it — that's why you're in a band. That connection, that moment: it's the only thing that feels at all real around the music. Charts, streaming, radio play, all of that fun stuff is still happening, but what really gave this band a sense of meaning and felt like it was something worth doing was that sense of community around it.
- Rob
Recently Austin,TX radio station KUTX nominated Sports Team as a band to watch out for in 2021. While the band had to postpone their live events due to COVID-19, they are beginning to tour again.


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By Serena Ganesan
On Dec. 2, the Japanese Cultural Association at Plattsburgh held their final meeting of the semester. The audience of at least 30people – from both within and outside the club and with members from over 10different nationalities – was a testament to the wide reach of the organization and the legacy it has built over the semester.
JCAP is an organization dedicated to educating students about Japanese culture and lifestyles. By hosting showcases of various aspects of Japanese culture and events that encourage students to directly participate in traditional activities, the club aims to inspire curiosity about Japan and its people.
So far, JCAP has hosted various events throughout the semester, most notably a large picnic open to all students. The picnic featured a variety of traditional Japanese food items and over 30 people were in attendance.
"The picnic was one of the best events I've been to this semester," senior Alex Borodin said. "I learned a lot about Japanese cuisine and made a lot of new friends in the club."
JCAP Treasurer Yuri Chikuda highlighted the traditional food items that were prepared for the picnic.
"We prepared rice balls called onigiri, sandwiches and some snacks," Chikuda said. "We were pleased that people could have so much fun there."
Other events have included an anime night, a Japanese 101 lesson, and a Japanese virtual tour. The last event of the semester was a presentation on special places in Japan for tourists to visit. Taking place in Feinberg 105, the meeting showed members pictures and videos of the most extraordinary spots throughout Japan, as well as what they can expect to see people eat and wear in the country.
Hanna Nishizawa, the JCAP president, spoke on the importance of the club to herself and to SUNY Plattsburgh as a whole.
"I'm so proud that we can bring Japanese culture to Plattsburgh and showcase parts of our traditions," Nishizawa said. "I love educating people about my country's history and what it's like today. And I'm so happy to see so many people take an interest in it."
The JCAP Instagram page also has various resources for those interested in learning about the country and its culture. There is a section dedicated to the basics of the Japanese language, with videos and short clips on the alphabet, how to write individual letters and how to say common phrases.
There is also a section called JPOP in which members share their favorite Japanese songs and music for everyone to enjoy.


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I have been given a public key ($y_1=x_1G$), but I don't yet know the private key ($x_1$). At a later time, I will get $x_1$ if some conditions are met.
Let's say I generate a new key pair $( y_2, x_2)$, both of which I will know.
Is it possible to add up these key pairs?
$ y = y_1 + x_2G$
$ x = x_1+x_2 $
Let's say (before I have $ x_1 $) I encrypt a text with $y$. And let's say I get $x_1$ at a later date. Can I decrypt my text using $x$ (by adding up the private keys)?
Let's use ECDSA key pairs. Sorry if my question is somehow deficient, but I just started to study cryptography. You would help me a lot by clarifying this question. Best, Stan


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NYMT is urgently seeking young musicians for its latest production, 'Whistle Down The Wind' which opens at the Greenwich Theatre on August 13th.Young people at Grade 8 or above in Cello, Viola, Violin and Orchestral Percussion are needed for the NYMT band. This is their BIG chance to be discovered and work on a top class show with an outstanding cast and leading directors and producers.
NYMT started the careers of many well-known stars such as Jude Law, Sheridan Smith, Matt Lucas, Konnie Huq, and Dominic Tighe.
'Whistle Down The Wind' is now in rehearsals and without enough young musicians, teachers will have to be drafted into the band!
NYMT exists to produce challenging music theatre work, both major productions and workshops, for young people of all backgrounds. It helps its young participants explore new and existing works, to inspire themselves and each other, and gives them the opportunity to achieve their highest aspirations, realising their talent, imagination and creativity. See nymt.org.uk
Show Details:
Greenwich Theatre, Crooms Hill London SE10 8ES
Performances: Wednesday 13th August to Saturday 16th August at 7.30pm
Saturday Matinee 16th August at 2.30pm
Tickets: £15.00 / £13.50 (concs) Running Time: 2 hrs 25 mins


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BruBotics currently has over 30 international (H2020, FP7, ERC,...), national (FWO) and regional (IWT SBO, iMinds ICON, Flanders Make ICON, Innoviris...) projects running. Below are some of our most exciting ongoing projects. Of course, feel free to contact us for more information on one of our featured projects.
BruBotics strives to work closely together with research groups, companies, SME's and public institutions. Are you interested in one of our projects or would you like to learn more about how we can help each other?


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Plain and simple it's all about posture. Just about everyone is guilty of sitting with a bad position during the day. We typically think of bad sitting posture as affecting your back, and it also affects your neck.
Sitting with 'good posture' all day and every day, is practically impossible. Understanding when it comes to bad posture, it's more a matter of reducing how poor your sitting posture is and exactly how long you are in that position.
When helping individuals suffering from neck pain, I commonly see people with poor posture sit in a slouched position with their head looking downward - regularly with reading, watching TV or even sleeping. The ill positioning creates a stress on the muscles and other structures in the neck which can lead to discomfort.
If this sounds like you, then try these simple tips to get yourself into a better position:
Adjust the height of your TV or the book/newspaper that you are reading so that it is eye-level (sit up with good posture first, then adjust the height).
Position your TV or computer screen, so it is directly in front of you and not off to one side. This way you're not constantly turned one way and causing stress on one side of your neck.
Place a small pillow or towel in the small of your back. By placing your back into a better position, your neck will follow suit, and you will not slouch as much.
There you have it, one key reason your neck discomfort might stay around longer than expected and a few simple ways to help with eliminating your neck pain without requiring the need for pills.
Physical therapy is an effective alternative in addressing neck issues and addressing areas that may be contributing to the problem as it relates to limiting restful sleep and other daily activities. If you or your loved one is suffering from neck pain it is highly recommended to consult a medical professional to discuss the problem.
Physical therapy will be an excellent solution for your current situation. If you live in the Greater Milwaukee area and would like to learn more about how physical therapy or a trained physical therapist can help you, please reach out to us by emailing email@example.com or if you would like to arrange a FREE phone call with a physical therapist CLICK HERE.
Talk more soon!!
Preston, PT
P.S. If you're experiencing stiffness in your neck which restricts your ability to move without pain, click here to download my free neck pain tips report which includes actionable tips I give to my patients at Prestige Therapy and Wellness, LLC. Click here to get your free copy: https://prestigetherapywellness.lpages.co/neck-pain-freebie/


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Find Out About Prenups in South Carolina
In South Carolina, one of the quickest ways to end an engagement is to spring a Prenup on your intended right before the wedding. And that's not all. If you wait until the last minute to enter into a Prenup in South Carolina, it most likely will not be enforceable. Why? Because South Carolina law states that a Prenup Agreement in South Carolina cannot be coerced. In order for a South Carolina Prenup to be legally binding, It must be entered into voluntarily and knowingly by both parties and not under duress. When to send a Prenup in SC? You should send a Prenup at least 30 days before getting married in South Carolina to avoid claims of coercion.
Happily Ever After May Be Shorter Than You Think.
It's a stark reality. Half of all married couples will end up divorced. And while there's nothing romantic about a South Carolina Prenuptial Agreement, it is a practical "investment" in both parties' futures, and an argument could be made that before marriage, when two people are in love and decisions are being made with the best of intentions, is the best time to prepare and sign a South Carolina Prenup. It may be true that love is blind, but it doesn't have to leave you broke.
Money Matters for Better or for Worse.
You've heard the stories. By now, we all know of beautiful couples that end in in ugly divorces. Not surprisingly, the number one issue married couples fight about is money, and it is not likely that will change when divorcing. In fact, it can get worse—way, way worse. Divorce in South Carolina is no exception. Ask anyone, and they will tell you that they would have done anything to avoid a tumultuous divorce. If you wait until your marriage is on the rocks, it will be too late. The time is now to create a Prenup in South Carolina (and it's free on our website).
Can a Prenup Agreement in SC include Child Support and Child Custody?
No. In South Carolina, Prenuptial Agreements cannot dictate child support and custody arrangements in advance. Any and all custody decisions are based on the best interests of the children at the time of the parents' separation or divorce, and never beforehand. South Carolina child support and custody issues are included in a Marital Separation Agreement between separating spouses and/or for the trial court to decide.
Our website will help you create a free SC Prenup Agreement in minutes. It's as simple as answering a few questions, and then you can immediately preview a pdf of your legal agreement, download, e-mail, print and sign.
Simply fill in the form above and select a free trial, to create a preview of your South Carolina Prenuptial Agreement pdf, and we offer free online samples and templates of other legal forms for every state, including Last Will and Testament and Power of Attorney, which you will want to update when there is a change in your marital status.


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Cinnamon "La Canela"
About Me
Hi! my name is Cinnamon also known as "La Canela". I was born in the Bronx, New York to Puerto Rican parents and am now living in Los Angles, CA. I am a Salsera Singer Songwriter with a focus in health, music and performance. I love to perform, compose, sing, play piano, guitar, double bass, and latin percussion. I have a passion for performing and teaching music connecting it to our human health. One of my favorite things to do is play latin percussion instruments because they connect me to my raices (roots ) teaching me resilience and how to simply "let go" (cliche) and be free. There is something so empowering about banging on those instruments. (Insert smile).
I spent the first 23 years of my career as a nurse in many healthcare settings and always added music to everything. Now, I am focussed on bringing health, music and performance into one space daily. I attended BOCES School of Nursing in New York , Duke University in North Carolina, The Herb Alpert Music Academy in Los Angeles and am currently working on further academic studies in Latin Caribbean and World music. My classes are fun, educational and thought provoking. They will invite you, uplift you and inspire you to love music!
Are you looking to add music into your daily life ? Are you searching for peace and tranquility intentionally? Are you interested in learing a new instrument or the logic of music? Perhaps you are looking to create peaceful moments through music or just create focus time doing something rewarding. One study showed that sound has a direct impact on our cells. Our body is literally changed by the sound it experiences. Why not intentionally add music and sound into your daily routine and experience the peacefulness and positive change it brings?
If you are ready then join me for amazing classes, community and sound. Let's make intentional spaces that incorporate health, music and performance together.
See you Soon!
La Canela


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I had a window of 2 hours available so zipped over to Upton Warren to see if I could spot the mealy redpoll at the Moors. I didn't! But, I did get to see a fine-looking blackcap (male) in great singing voice, though he wouldn't come out for a clear shot.
For Sunday I'd decided to try for the red-necked grebe in summer plumage over at Draycote, and also if it was still around, the rare green-winged teal. I have to admit I didn't know what the latter looked like as from the pics I'd seen it seemed rather similar to the normal teals. Me being unobservant probably!
The walk from the visitor centre to the hide was pretty uneventful, though I did get to see a rook quite close up, and there were a few great crested grebes fishing (and fighting) near the shore. However, with the still conditions, the air was filled with yet more flies. Horrid things that seem to float along next to you as you walk. Must get some different aftershave...
In the hide, I found someone at the window by the feeders and was about to consider where to sit to get shots from, when the birder turned around. It was Reg! He'd been trying for the teal for a while, though his dad had opted to take a walk around the corner to see if he could see it from there. Always good to see Reg, and he quickly pointed out the grebe... which then proceeded to go to sleep. With the lake busy with fishermen, the birds seemed trapped in Toft Bay though they refused to come close to the hide.
Growing as impatient as his dad, Reg opted to take a walk to see if he could locate the teal, leaving me to watch the sleeping grebe. He refused my requests of taking steps to encouraging the grebe to wake up too. I don't know, you just can't get the staff anymore...
About 15 mins later though, he returned and promptly pointed out the teal. When someone explains the difference it's like night and day. Well, like a horizontal and vertical white stripe, at any rate. Though like the grebe, it was miles away from me.
Reg and his dad then opted to head onwards to Brandon Marsh, leaving me in the hide alone, praying the grebe would wake up and come over. I wasn't alone long though, as after some more thundering steps down the boardwalk (can they find anything louder to line that walk with??) came Dave Hutton and Rich Dawkins. Both after pics of the 2 birds I was trying for.
Having told Reg that I'd wait for no more than half an hour for the grebe to do something, I ended up being in there for hours. The grebe did wake up, and came a little closer, though I only really managed "record" shots of it. The teal also flew towards us, but stayed near the edge amongst trees, and far enough away for Dave to complain, even when he's shooting with an 800mm lens!
Dave's great hearing also picked out a willow warbler, which we promptly located in the trees behind the hide. First of the year for me.
On the way home I tried again for the local little owl, which kindly hopped around on a branch for me. I also spoke to a local birder who gave me some ideas for places closer to home to explore... watch this space!


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It's amazing what a move to The Arsenal can do for your international career.
After only signing for Arsenal in January and making just four appearances before pulling a hamstring to prove that he truly is a Gunner, Gabriel has been handed his first call-up for Brazil for the friendly against Chile at the Emirates.
No, it's not just because it's at the Emirates.
Shut up.
The game between the two nations will take place in north London on 29th March and Gabriel has been drafted into the side after David Luiz and Marquinhos were both ruled out through injury.
The full Brazil squad is as follows:
Brazil squad:
Jefferson (Botafogo)
Marcelo Grohe (Gremio)
Diego Alves (Valencia)
Gabriel (Arsenal)
Gil (Corinthians)
Thiago Silva (Paris Saint-Germain)
Miranda (Atletico Madrid)
Fabinho (AS Monaco)
Filipe Luis (Chelsea)
Danilo (FC Porto)
Luis Gustavo (VFL Wolfsburg)
Fernandinho (Manchester City)
Elias (Corinthians)
Souza (Sao Paulo)
Oscar (Chelsea)
Firmino (1899 Hoffenheim)
Willian (Chelsea)
Neymar (Barcelona)
Philippe Coutinho (Liverpool)
Luiz Adriano (Shakhtar Donetsk)
Robinho (Santos)
Diego Costa (Shakhtar Donetsk)
Gabriel has recovered from the hamstring injury that ruled him out for a few weeks and is available to start games once again for Arsenal.


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Financial statements are vital for business as they
allow a business owner to focus on solving the particular issues that their business faces.
help to truly understand the issues impacting your organization.
What business owners should expect from their financial statements.
View Historical Data
Your "core" financial statements create a snapshot of what has happened over the last period (month, quarter, year)
Identify Issues
Your periodic financial reports give visibility, and the information necessary, to solve potential problems before they occur.
Build Transparency
Financial reporting can allow your company to foster a culture of transparency, where employees receive more information about their company, fostering a greater sense of ownership.
Assess Progress
Because your reports are consistent, you can compare them between periods to assess progress. You can also compare results against your goals, i.e., "actual vs. Budget."
Allow Interactive Reporting
Speak to your financial manager about the availability of interactive reporting. This allows you to model various solutions or growth options, using "what if" scenarios, to assist in strategic decision-making.


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2-Factor Authentication (2FA) Guide
Two-factor authentication provides protection for sensitive data by requiring something you know (your NetID and password) and something you have (your mobile device) to access certain university systems. Without 2FA, the University of Illinois System is at risk of data breaches that result in financial and legal risk.
You can read more information here: [Link for document 65937 is unavailable at this time]
Note: A smartphone with the DUO application is the quickest and easiest way to authenticate. If you are unable to use a smartphone, a small portable device, called a hardware token, can be obtained to allow you to authenticate. Please email firstname.lastname@example.com for further information.
Please begin your enrollment or make changes here-> NetID & 2FA Center
Other Helpful documents:


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PTA Meeting
The next PTA Meeting is Tuesday, November 8th. Executive Board will meet from 6:00-6:30. The regular meeting will start at 6:30.
The next PTA Meeting is Tuesday, November 8th. Executive Board will meet from 6:00-6:30. The regular meeting will start at 6:30.
Daylight saving time will end at 2 a.m. on Sunday, Nov. 6. So if you're staying in, you'll want to turn your clocks back one hour before you go to bed Saturday night, Nov. 5.
Pictures retakes will be from 8:30-10:30 on Friday, November 11th.
Each Tuesday is Blue Tuesday at Hanawalt Elementary. Students are encouraged to wear their spirit wear or blue to show their school pride. Grade levels earn Spirit Points to go towards winning the Belma Spirit Award given each …
Students in Mrs. Miller's 1st Grade are participating in the Global Read Aloud. Students will be reading a variety of books from the author Lauren Castillo. Then they will collaborate with schools and students across the US and …
Hanawalt will be having our Fall Conferences the week of October 10 – October 14. We look forward to collaborating with you on your child's progress.
A big shout out and thank you to the PTA for our new Hanawalt Spirit Wear. We certainly will be encouraged to live our mission sporting our new shirts.
It was a beautiful day for kickball. Mr. Gillaspey's 5th graders won the big match but our teacher team represented the staff well. Fun was had by all. Most of all we raised close to $5,000 for our …
Fall Pictures are coming to Hanawalt! Get your smile ready and we will snap your picture on Thursday, October 13!


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Editor's note: This story has been updated.
A legal dispute over protecting a species of spotted owl has stopped all timber management on New Mexico's national forests — including fuelwood collection — and now New Mexico's Congressional Delegation has called on the U.S. Forest Service to immediately resolve the issue.
Sens. Tom Udall and Martin Heinrich, and Reps. Ben Ray Luján, Deb Haaland and Xochitl Torres Small wrote to U.S. Forest Service Chief Vicki Christiansen last week. "We strongly encourage the Forest Service and other parties to the lawsuit to work quickly to respond to the ruling and resolve a variety of issues, including, but not limited to, traditional firewood gathering, tribal cultural activities, and forest restoration and fire mitigation projects," the lawmakers wrote.
"We likewise strongly urge the Forest Service to undertake the action necessary to comply with the Endangered Species Act to allow the resumption of forest activities and minimize impacts to traditional uses and projects that improve the long-term health of the forest."
The letter was in response to a lawsuit with the District Court of Arizona filed by WildEarth Guardians — a national environmental group with offices in New Mexico — which contends the U.S. Forest Service and Fish and Wildlife Service have not adequately monitored populations of the Mexican Spotted Owl as required under the Endangered Species Act.
"This decision is about agency accountability, to the public and to the recovery of the Mexican Spotted Owl," said John Horning, executive director of WildEarth Guardians, at the time the lawsuit was filed. "With this decision, the agencies will finally be held accountable for ensuring that all forest management practices help, not hinder, owl recovery."
The group, however, has responded to the statewide reaction by asking the court to exclude cutting and collection of firewood from the list of prohibited timber management activities. It is not clear when the judge will act on the original motion.
The five New Mexico forests impacted by the ban are Carson National Forest, Cibola National Forest, Gila National Forest and Santa Fe National Forest.
In response to an article on the ban in the Taos News, area resident John D. Lapin made the following comment:
"This is not good. Can someone explain why people cutting standing dead trees in Carson Forest endangers the spotted owl?" he asked. "I have been cutting dead trees for 20 years in Northern New Mexico and never seen an owl."
Laura McCarthy, state forester with the New Mexico State Forestry Division, said there are alternatives for those seeking fuelwood.
"This court ruling is causing confusion and concern for many New Mexicans who rely on timber from our National Forests for firewood to heat their homes in the fall and winter," she said in a news release. "While State Forestry does not have jurisdiction over National Forest System Lands managed by the USDA [U.S. Department of Agriculture] Forest Service, we can offer options and will do everything we can to help until there is a resolution."
Wendy Mason, spokeswoman for the state's Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department, concurred, saying it is imperative that New Mexicans have access to fuelwood as soon as possible.
"It is important for New Mexicans to be able to access fuelwood, especially those who live in higher elevations where it is obviously going to get much colder as we move into fall and of course winter," Mason told InsideSources. "We hope that the issue will be resolved quickly and we know our partners with the U.S. Forest Service are working hard to try and get that accomplished."
New Mexicans can contact any State Forestry District office or log onto NMForestry.com for detailed information on where they can get fuelwood permits, the Forest Service said.
The Bureau of Land Management is selling fuelwood permits for personal use, after noting the ban has resulted in an increased request for firewood. BLM permits are valid for cutting only dead (down or standing) piñon and juniper (cedar) trees.
Cutting green trees or other trees not allowed by permit is strictly prohibited, according to the BLM. Rules, regulations and timing vary slightly between field offices.


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Several Tamil-owned businesses across London have decorated their premises in red and yellow – the national colours of Tamil Eelam – in the run up to Remembrance Day on Sunday. Red and yellow bunting has been hung up across store fronts and on streets on which Tamil businesses are concentrated in several areas including Tooting, Harrow, Croydon and Eastham.
The Tamil Youth Organisation (TYO), which produced and distributed the bunting said there was greater demand this year, following the TYO's introduction of the idea last year.
Several retailers who had seen the bunting adorning the premises of other businesses' premises last year, had been keen to do the same this year, a TYO spokesperson said by email.
Public displays commemorating Remembrance Day has increased markedly in UK this year, with several business also displaying banners and posters marking the day in their windows, TamilNet's London correspondent said.
Large banners had also appeared at some prominent locations in the suburbs.
Full Article: http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=34649


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Villa Rose Pierre
It's likely you know this five-star palace hotel as a Côte d'Azur favorite of iconic authors and movie stars. Situated on the coast between Nice and Monaco, the hotel is positioned on the rocks leading down to the sea, with Villa Rose-Pierre tucked away in its own expanse of oceanfront gardens. The villa itself covers 5,920 sq ft, with outdoor terraces, a private pool and tennis court. Inside, Alberto Pinto–designed Art Deco interiors encompass four bedrooms and generous lounging and dining areas, including a sunroom and rooftop terrace — with your butler, Romain, always at the ready. The hotel curates a series of fun activities for children, including a mini convertible car experience, and the kids' club at Club Dauphin overflows with toys.
From $6,588 per night. Contact Alexia Cappadona, reservations manager, email@example.com, +33 493 765 041, fourseasons.com/capferrat


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India-based hydropower generation company NHPC is set to commission the 240-MW Uri-II hydropower project in Jammu & Kashmir by May 2013.
The hydropower project, located in Uri tehsil of Baramulla district, was initially scheduled to begin in September 2009 after it secured approval in 2005.
However, the company claimed that the poor geology and uncertain political scenario has delayed the project by nearly four year, reported Hydroworld.com.
NHPC, meanwhile, estimated total cost of the project at INR17.24bn and it is expected to produce 1,123.76 million units of energy through its 4 units of 60MW each.
Earlier in 2012, the commissioning of the project was halted by locals demanding jobs in NHPC, citing the terms of the Memorandum of Undesrtanding further delaying the project.


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Yellowstone Tumbler
Live like your at Dutton Ranch in Yellowstone with this fun stainless steel tumbler that will keep your drinks as hot as Rip or as cold as Beth's snark.
This tumbler features the sayings
- Live like John
- Don't give a f#♥k like Beth
- Fight like Rip
- Love like Kayce
Tumbler holds 20 ounces of liquid and is stainless steel to keep your hot drinks hot and your cold drinks cold while running your errands around the ranch.
Design is heat pressed into the tumbler to keep it beautiful for years to come.


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A clue to biodiversity?
Study reveals surprising amount of gene flow between butterfly species
Scientists have found that some passion vine butterflies (Heliconius) share similar color patterns that help ward off predators because they actually share parts of their DNA as a result of hybridization somewhere in their ancestry.
But a new study in Science provides evidence that the process of sharing DNA may be far more common than ever thought, offering a potential clue to how biodiversity took place.
An analysis of 20 butterfly genomes found evidence that many butterfly species — including distantly related ones — show a surprisingly high amount of gene flow between them, said James Mallet, professor of organismic and evolutionary biology in residence and associate of population genetics in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the senior author of the study.
"DNA sharing had been shown in closely related species, but we wanted to probe deeper into the phylogenetic tree," Mallet said. "What we found is really astonishing: introgression even among species that are distantly related. 'Species' are simply not what we thought they were, and now we have the data to show it. The evolutionary tree of butterflies is a complete morass of interconnectedness."
For Mallet and colleagues, understanding how butterflies pass genes back and forth — a process known as introgression — began with the creation of 20 new "genome assemblies" of various species in the Heliconius family.
Those assemblies, explained Nate Edelman, lead author on the paper and a graduate student in the Mallet lab, essentially function as genomic maps, and are constructed by sequencing short fragments of DNA and then assembling them in the proper order.
Once created, those maps can also serve as important resources for future researchers, allowing them to map genes back to the genome.
"The cool thing about making genome assemblies instead of simple genome "resequencing" is that it's not just the DNA bases that change — the entire structure of genomes can change through evolutionary time," Edelman said. "And using the assemblies, we can detect those changes."
When they began analyzing the assemblies, Mallet said, the team not only found evidence that some genes were capable of moving between species, but that others were far more resistant to the process.
And one of the key factors determining whether genes could or could not move is a basic biological process called recombination.
Part of the process of creating sperm and egg cells, recombination occurs when the two copies of every gene a creature inherits — one from its mother, another from its father — are jumbled together, resulting in a unique mix of both.
"It might seem that useful genes are more likely to be transferred between species," said Michael Miyagi, the other main graduate student author. "That's true, but there are also more mundane structural issues with the genome that mean some regions are more likely to have genes go back and forth."
And whether those genes flow back and forth, Edelman said, often depends on how much those different regions recombine.
"In low-recombination regions, we tend to see more resistance to gene flow than in high-recombination regions," he said. "What we think happens is that in very-high-recombination regions, the genes that are resistant or incompatible become dissociated from the genes that can flow across the species boundary."
And in a lucky break, Miyagi said, the team identified a key gene that acts to switch color patterns as one of those that moved between species.
"In nature, it's very unlikely that any individual will mate with a member of another species. But over evolutionary time, it does happen."
James Mallet
More like this
"Heliconius are famous for their color patterns … and we found that in one particular region of the genome there are about 500,000 base pairs that have been inverted relative to the ancestral sequence," he said. "And smack in the middle of that inversion is that gene that we know controls color pattern. When you have an inversion like that it means you're keeping all the things within it together, so they can't recombine."
In another case, Edelman said, the team discovered an even larger inversion on a different chromosome that remains a complete mystery.
The team was able to show that one of those inverted sequences was transferred, Mallet and Edelman said, thanks to a new analysis method developed by Miyagi.
Ultimately, Mallet, Edelman, and Miyagi said, the study shows that hybridization — however unlikely it may be — is one way for species to derive their genomes and may be a key process in the creation of the diversity of life we see today.
"In nature, it's very unlikely that any individual will mate with a member of another species," Mallet said. "But over evolutionary time, it does happen.
"It probably only happens in the youngest groups of species — species that are rapidly evolving," he continued. "Most of the diversity of life is probably created in these rapid radiations. They are involved in things like the origin of mammals. During these radiations, this could be an important means of shuffling variation and recombining adaptations from different lineages."
This research was supported with funding from a SPARC grant from the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT and startup and studentship funds from Harvard University.


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Tesla have revealed they've collaborated with Def Leppard guitarist Phil Collen on a track which is to be released as a single next year.
Both bands have been on tour together across North America this summer, and the Leppard man and the Californian outfit have decided to get together to record a song tentatively titled Save That Goodness.
Tesla say: "A man with tremendous energy and love for Tesla, Phil Collen has been hanging out and working with Tesla on new music. A great friend and mentor to the band."
The band reveal the track written by the Def Leppard man has an "upbeat, catchy melody" and add: "Starting in 2016, Tesla has a few recorded surprises coming. This new song and the other recorded material is scheduled to be released in February."
Tesla's last release was 2014's Simplicity, their eighth studio album.


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High Quality Stainless Steel Filter Screens for Glass Aroma Tubes. Note: Metal screens are available for your convenience but they make vapor harsh and diminish the flavors. Glass Aroma Tubes have a built-in glass screen to keep vapor pure and flavorful. We recommend using whole or coarsely ground botanicals with no metal screen for smooth and tasty vapor.
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Morelli Octave Mandolin
Body: Octave Mandolin
Woods: Eastern Hard Curly Maple back and sides, Canadian Spruce top, Eastern Hard Curly Maple neck and binding, Pao Ferro fretboard, headplate, heel cap, pick guard, bridge and saddle.
Construction Details: Full carve top, f holes, asymmetrical 3 piece neck, elevated fretboard, blind two way truss rod, Evo gold wire, blind suspended pick guard, dovetail neck, Stewmac vintage tuners, custom archstop style adjustable saddle and bridge. Three color tobacco sunburst, Nitrocellulose lacquer finish.
Notes: Hardware relic'd for a vintage look. Floating pick guard does not touch the top.


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NEW YORK — Mound Cotton's Insurance practice group is ranked in Insurance: Dispute Resolution: Insurer, New York, in Chambers and Partners USA's 2021 guide to the top lawyers and law firms in the United States, with partner Lloyd Gura recognized in Band 3.
According to the Guide, the team is "[n]otable for its work on direct insurance and reinsurance matters. Displays a range of coverage experience relating to catastrophic loss including first-party property, business interruption and product contamination. Handles litigation as well as arbitrations, with strong capabilities in handling mass and toxic tort claims. Expertise includes fraud and bad faith disputes." Clients report, "They are an excellent firm. They're collaborative and look out for clients." and Mr. Gura is "very well respected."
Chambers USA is widely recognized as the definitive resource of professional rankings for legal services in the United States. Based on conversations with over 34,000 interviewees providing insights and commentary for almost 7,000 firms and more than 18,000 lawyers, the rankings are compiled through assessment of a firm's work and opinions from external market sources, with an emphasis on client feedback. Firms and lawyers need to demonstrate sustained excellence in order to be ranked in the guide.
Click here to view the full results from the USA 2021 Guide.


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How to Fix a Grip
Clutch repair. Repair discs and master cylinder
The main malfunction in the clutch. violation of reliable transmission of torque from the engine to the transmission as a result of wear of friction linings and friction surfaces, weakening of pressure springs, wear and breakage of individual parts.
Before removing the clutch from the engine, it is necessary to make marks on the flywheel, clutch cover and pressure plate in order to install the parts in the same position during assembly. This is necessary to maintain the balance of the crankshaft, flywheel and clutch.
The clutch housing is disassembled on a universal stand for disassembly, assembly and adjustment. In the absence of a stand, the clutch housing is dismantled using a device that allows compressing the springs.
Repairing driven discs
The slave disk may have defects:
- friction pad wear
- weakening of rivets of fastening of a nave
- warping disc
- wear of splines of a nave
The disc is rejected for cracks and kinks, the maximum wear of the holes, and the hub. for cracks and the maximum wear of the splines.
Loose rivets are removed. The holes are drilled at the same time in the hub, disk and oil seal washer and riveted with rivets in a hot state. It is not allowed to tighten loose rivets.
Fig. Universal stand for disassembling, assembling and adjusting the clutch: 1. stand frame; 2. a cross; 3. pneumatic cylinder; 4. plate; 5. an adjusting washer; 6. rod of the pneumatic cylinder; 7. flange sleeve; 8. an adjusting nut; 9. screw; 10. cam; 11. thrust; 12. sleeve.
Friction linings worn in thickness are replaced with new ones. New linings are riveted with hollow rivets made of non-ferrous metals or glued with glue BC-UT or BF-52T. For the manufacture of rivets, copper or brass tubes of the appropriate diameter are used. The rivet heads in the new overlays should be recessed 1.0-1.5 mm. Leakage of a surface of an overlay should not exceed 0,3 mm. When using overlays in the form of separate sectors, their difference in thickness in one set should not exceed 0.1 mm. A pneumatic press is used to rivet the linings to the driven discs.
Bonding of linings compared to riveting increases productivity by almost 3 times, saves non-ferrous metal, increases the friction surface of linings and their service life, reduces the seizure of the working surfaces of the pressure and intermediate discs. The technology for bonding linings is discussed above.
Warpage of the driven discs is determined by the end runout on the device. Eliminate warping by editing on the plate before riveting (gluing) the overlays.
Repair of pressure and intermediate discs
During wear, scoring or warping of the working surfaces, the discs are grinded and grinded until traces of wear are removed. After piercing, the thickness of the discs must meet the technical requirements. In the machined pressure plates, the holes for the heads of the adjustment bolts are deepened by the thickness of the removed layer. The roughness of the working surface of the disks should not be higher than 0.63 microns, non-flatness. not more than 0.15 mm.
Clutch assembly
For assembly use a stand or fixture used during disassembly.
In order to maintain the force of the pressure springs of the tractor clutches, it is advisable to place washers in the ring tucks of the pressure disk, the thickness of which is equal to the layer of metal removed during grinding.
Springs pick up the same in length and elasticity. In the assembled clutch, all ends of the squeeze levers must lie in one plane parallel to the base of the housing. The distance from the end face of the clutch housing or from the working surface of the pressure plate to the plane in which the ends of the squeeze levers are located is set strictly in accordance with the technical conditions for this machine. If there is no stand, the correct location of the squeeze levers is installed on the plate using a depth gauge or a special device.
Clutch cylinder repair
Fig. The hydraulic clutch actuator VAZ-2101-07: 1. the main cylinder; 2. compensation hole; 3. gasket fitting; 4. fitting; 5. a lock spring washer; 6. the piston of the main cylinder; 7. a sealing ring; 8. plunger piston; 9. hook; 10. the axis of the clutch and brake pedals; 11. an arm of pedals of coupling and brake; 12. reinforcing spring of the clutch pedal (servo spring); 13. exhaust spring clutch pedal; 14. clutch pedal stroke limiter; 15. clutch pedal; 16. a pusher; 17. a protective cap; 18. a lock ring; 19. bypass hole; 20. a sealing ring (ring valve); 21. the bypass hole of the piston; 22. a working cylinder; 23. spring; 24. laying; 25. cork; 26. inner sleeve of the pedal; 27. the outer sleeve of the pedal; 28. spacer sleeve; 29. brake pedal
For work, it is necessary to dismantle the entire assembly, having previously disconnected all the nozzles and draining the liquid from the system. Also, you should prepare in advance a repair kit for the clutch master cylinder, which includes all parts subject to wear. Despite the fact that the device of the clutch master cylinder is not difficult, it is advisable to carry out the work by persons with at least minimal experience in performing locksmith work. If the question of how to remove the clutch master cylinder is completely incomprehensible, it is better to abandon self-repair, and simply replace the cylinder with a new one.
After dismantling, the cylinder should be disassembled and its parts thoroughly flushed with brake fluid (do not use solvents or gasoline). All parts from the repair kit that you plan to use, it is also advisable to rinse before installation.
After dismantling and completely disassembling the main cylinder into its constituent elements, we can proceed to assess the technical condition of all the parts. The first step is to carefully inspect the piston, mirrors, and sealing elements. Quite often, on the internal surfaces you can find foci of corrosion. they can be eliminated by careful treatment with fine-grained emery paper. Multiple, extensive and accompanied by the presence of scuffing foci of corrosion indicates a violation of the gap between the piston and the cylinder walls.
It is recommended that all sealing elements be replaced with new ones, since when working under pressure, even minor defects will inevitably lead to leakage of fluid from the cylinder. It is not permissible to treat rubber seals with oils to facilitate assembly. this will lead to their swelling and the inability to function normally.
After eliminating all the malfunctions, the device can be assembled in reverse disassembly sequence.
For pumping, it is required to provide free access to the master cylinder, and it will be more convenient to drive some models of vehicles into a pit or lift them on a hydraulic lift. A new brake fluid is poured into the tank, a transparent tube is put on the fitting, the end of which is lowered into a container with the same working fluid. The rhythmic operation of the clutch pedal pumps the hydraulic actuator until the air release through the fitting is completely stopped. After that, the fitting is twisted, and the car is ready for operation.
Clutch repair. we do it ourselves
As any motorist knows, a lot depends on a well-tuned clutch pedal. If it fails or works poorly, it becomes simply impossible to drive a car, because the clutch is responsible for many functions that are of great importance.
Often, it becomes the mechanism that needs to be repaired immediately. And how to repair the clutch on your own, we learn from this article.
The main symptoms of clutch failure
On the VAZ 2106, clutch repair can be associated with various reasons. But the symptoms of a malfunctioning clutch are virtually unchanged on all vehicles.
It could be:
- the problem with the inclusion of speed transmission (when it is necessary to "pump" the clutch several times or press it all the way to activate the system);
- loss of clutch when overtaking or driving fast;
- characteristic sound, indicating a malfunction and much more.
Do-it-yourself clutch repair
Caution: if the above symptoms are noticed, then you need to proceed to urgent repair. In some cases, it is impossible to even get to the garage if the clutch is denied access.
In this case, it is advisable to insert a key between the cable leash and the clutch fork, which will help to get to the place.
Removing gearbox
On the VAZ 2106, 07, 08 or on the VAZ 2114, clutch repair is practically not carried out without removing the gearbox. It is simply impossible to determine the cause of the clutch failure without this.
Therefore, first of all, we proceed to this operation.
The method for removing the gearbox below will allow you to not drain the oil from the box and not pull the drive out of it:
- remove the air filter;
- we remove the clutch cable or, as specialists call it, the drive;
- remove the starter;
- we relax the upper bolts of fixation of a transmission to the engine.
Loosening the upper mounting bolts
We proceed to the next steps:
- turn off the speed sensor chip;
- we unscrew the wiring harness clamp;
- lift the car with a jack or other device;
- weaken the drive nuts located on the right and left of the machine to the end;
- remove the suspension arm.
Unscrewing the suspension arm
We continue to repair the clutch vaz 2114:
- remove the ball joint;
- two bolts of the suspension arm must be unscrewed;
- remove the front suspension lever;
- remove the lower mudguard of the car engine;
- turn off the chip with the reversing light switch;
- now it's time to unscrew the jet thrust from the gearbox;
- remove, unscrewing, the bottom cover of the crankcase;
- it's time to loosen the nut of the gearbox control drive (it is also called the link rod);
- disconnect it (it must be remembered that when installing the gearbox in place, this link must be adjusted).
Gearbox control drive nut
- we unscrew the bottom bolt and the nut securing the gearbox to the engine (we must remember that in this case everything must be done carefully, since it is not easy to find the nut if the drives are in place);
- take the jack and raise the engine so as not to damage the pan.
Jack lifting engine
- disconnect the gearbox from the pillows;
- lower the jack a little;
- remove the gearbox.
At this stage, the removal of the gearbox can be called finished. In the process, you must use the right tool.
Wrenches should be different: ring spanners, spanners, heads are often used.
Repair of the working cylinder VAZ 2101
The clutch master cylinder on the VAZ 2101
On cars of this brand, repairs are carried out in the same way as on other models of VAZ. Often the cause of the malfunction is associated with such a detail as the clutch master cylinder of the VAZ 2101.
Repairing it, in a step-by-step instruction, is presented below.
This working cylinder can be installed at the very bottom of the car, and you do not need to remove the gearbox. A part is often subject to aggressive environmental influences, which explains such a common reason for failure.
The design of the working cylinder consists of:
- anther (it protects the working part of the part from dirt);
- rubber cuffs;
- mirrors and other accessories.
On the VAZ 2101, the clutch repair, or rather the cylinder, we begin with the following actions:
- raise the car to the inspection hole:
- be sure to drain the brake fluid from the tank in front, and remove the clutch hose from the main cylinder, lift it up so that the fluid does not pour out and fix it with improvised means (for example, tie it with a rope);
- we unscrew the connections with a wrench at 17 (if you can't open the nuts, you can use a rust remover, such as vinegar);
- disassemble the cylinder;
- inspect the mirror and if it is not damaged, replace the worn parts;
- we put everything in place before lubricating the rubber cuffs and the mirror with brake fluid.
Repair baskets and clutch disc on the VAZ
It is worth noting again that on the VAZ 2105 clutch repair is carried out in the same way as on other models. If the clutch repair of the VAZ 2101 was mainly associated with the replacement of parts of the main cylinder, then on other models, including the VAZ 2105, the repair can be associated with the basket or the clutch disc itself.
It is clear that we are starting to carry out work at the already removed checkpoint.
So, we begin:
- we unscrew the bolts securing the basket (pay attention to the petals of the basket and if they are very worn, change the basket to a new one);
Clutch basket on VAZ
We continue to repair the clutch on cars of the brand 05, 01 or VAZ 21099. It is worth noting that when replacing the entire clutch disc or even the basket, it is necessary to straighten the gearbox shaft, otherwise when the disc is shifted, it does not matter which way, the shaft cannot be driven in.
- put a disk with a mandrel in the flywheel;
- insert the basket, but it's better all at once;
- tighten the basket fixation bolts (we do this all the way, but gradually turning in a circle);
- lubricate the shaft;
- insert the release bearing.
Repair of the clutch disc of the VAZ is completed and it remains only to put the gearbox in place. Everything is carried out in the reverse order, and if there is a viewing hole, everything will go much easier.
If you intend to work without lifting the car into the inspection hole, then you will definitely need an assistant. There is a video on our website where you can see how to do everything right.
We do the installation
- lower the car as low as possible;
- the engine on the jack is also lowered;
- insert the left drive;
- bait it with a nut.
In this photo we see the clutch drive circuit:
Clutch drive scheme for VAZ
We continue the installation with our own hands:
- we put the board under the gearbox to make it more convenient to wear it;
- it is desirable to put bricks under the board, preferably two (a kind of lever is formed);
- an assistant should step on a kind of lever and thereby raise the gearbox;
- meanwhile, the second person inserts the checkpoint into place.
This completes the installation of the gearbox, but do not forget about the adjustment of the scenes, which was mentioned above, as well as the rest of the assembly. The above step-by-step repair report will help novice motorists save some money.
After all, the price of this type of service is very expensive and not everyone can afford it. And so you get a unique opportunity to do everything for free, just taking a little time from yourself and your friend.
You will need: "8" socket head, knob, mandrel to center the driven disk.
1. Remove a transmission from the car (see. "Removal and installation of a transmission").
2. Install the mandrel in the hole of the hub of the driven disk 4 (Fig. 5.3).
Fig. 5.3. Disassembled clutch: 1 – push disk; 2 – clutch cover; 3 – diaphragm spring; 4-slave drive
You can remove the clutch without the mandrel, but at the same time hold the driven disc. it may fall out of the clutch cover.
The mandrel to center the driven disk can be made according to the size of the input shaft or use the old input shaft instead.
3. Turn out six bolts of fastening of a casing of coupling. Remove the clutch cover assembly with the pressure plate and the follower plate mounted inside the cover. Hold the driven disk so that it does not fall out.
When loosening the clutch cover mounting bolts, use a screwdriver to lock the flywheel. To stop the screwdriver, install one bolt securing the clutch housing (for clarity, the operation is shown on the removed engine).
4. Cracks in the parts of the driven disc are not allowed. Check the wear of the friction linings A. If the rivet heads B are recessed to a distance of less than 0.2 mm, the surface of the friction linings is oily or the rivets are loose, then the drive plate must be replaced.
Check up reliability of fixing of damper springs B in nests of a nave of a conducted disk, at broken springs the disk needs to be replaced.
5. Check the runout of the driven disk, if a visual inspection reveals its warping. If runout exceeds 0.5 mm, replace disc.
6. Inspect the friction surfaces of the flywheel and the pressure plate, paying attention to the absence of deep grooves, scoring, nicks, obvious signs of wear and overheating. Replace defective parts.
7. If the rivet joints are loosened, in the parts of the casing and pressure plate, replace the casing with the pressure disk assembly. Examine the condition of the diaphragm spring B of the pressure plate. Cracks on the diaphragm spring are not allowed. The contact points A of the petals of the spring with the clutch release bearing should be in the same plane and not have obvious signs of wear (wear should not exceed 0.8 mm). Otherwise, replace the cover with pressure plate assembly.
Video: How to Fix a Grip
8. Examine the condition of the support rings of the compression spring. Rings should not have cracks and signs of wear. Otherwise, replace the cover with pressure plate assembly.
To check the leading part of the clutch, fix the pressure plate 3 (Fig. 5.5) assembled with the pressure spring 1 and the casing 2 on the fixture with an intermediate ring 4 of thickness B = (8.3 ± 0.04) mm. This adaptation replaces a flywheel with a conducted disk.
Fig. 5.5. Checking the condition of the clutch disc: A, C – controlled sizes; B is the distance between the intermediate ring 4 and the flywheel; 1 – push spring; 2 – casing; 3 – push disk; 4 – intermediate ring
Disengage the clutch three times with the switch-off stroke of 8–9 mm, applying a load to the petals of the compression spring 1 at a diameter of C = 34 mm. Do the following:
9. Before installing the clutch, check the ease of movement of the driven disc along the splines of the input shaft of the gearbox. If necessary, eliminate the causes of seizing or replace defective parts.
10. Please note that when installing the driven disk into the pressure disk housing, the more protruding part of the hub should be directed towards the pressure spring.
11. Insert the centering mandrel into the slots of the follower plate on the pressure spring side.
12. Install the clutch on the flywheel along the three centering pins (shown by arrows) and screw six bolts of the clutch to the flywheel evenly crosswise, keeping the flywheel from turning. Then remove the centering mandrel and install the gearbox.
How to change the clutch: how to put the clutch disc
Another important function of the clutch is protection against excessive overloads of the automobile transmission. if the driver decided to brake sharply when the gear is engaged. Due to the high load on the clutch, after a long run of the car, the clutch must be checked and repaired if necessary.
How the car clutch works and works
For many drivers, the "grip" is associated exclusively with the pedal under the left foot. Meanwhile, this is a complex mechanism, on the health of which depends not only on ride comfort, but also on driver safety.
As you know, the wheels of a car rotate due to the operation of the engine, or rather, the rotation of the crankshaft. In this case, the internal combustion engine is not directly connected to the drive wheels. The power unit rotates the flywheel (the part looks like a big gear).
The flywheel, in turn, transfers the rotation to the gearbox shafts. Then, through separate transmission elements, the torsional moment is transmitted to the wheels. The clutch connects the flywheel (count the engine) and the input shaft of the gearbox.
As for the clutch pedal, the driver by pressing it can turn off the clutch (conditionally, disconnect the engine and gearbox). In a nutshell, the clutch mechanism consists of three discs:
- leading (aka engine flywheel);
- push;
- slave.
All this is placed in a casing and is called a clutch basket. The flywheel (master disk) transfers the rotation to the driven disk solely due to the frictional force. The driven disk has wear-resistant linings and is pressed against it by a pressure disk constantly under the influence of powerful springs. When the pedal is depressed, the clutch drive pushes the pressure plate, and the follower, in turn, moves away from the flywheel.
When it comes to replacing a clutch disc, it often refers to the follower, since over time its lining wears out. In fact, such a disk is just a consumable with a limited life.
Do-it-yourself replacement of a worn clutch disc in the presence of all tools involves the following operations:
On the clutch removed, it is necessary to check the condition of the disk, bearing, springs. Worn, defective parts must be replaced. Take this opportunity to clean and lubricate all the rubbing parts.
The surface of the disc must be dry, without scoring, cracks.
After repairing the clutch, replacing all unsuitable components to the maximum, assemble the gearbox in the reverse order, install it in the car.
When to change the clutch disc and how to do it
The malfunction of the driven disk is indicated by the so-called clutch slipping. That is, the torque is not transmitted from the flywheel to the disk, the clutch "slips" or slips. The signs of this phenomenon are as follows:
- characteristic burning smell with increasing engine speed;
- the car accelerates slowly, pulls poorly when the road goes uphill or under loads;
- increased vibrations appear, shock in the adhesion area is possible;
- the clutch pedal's free play increases (the clutch "grabs" at the very top).
All this indicates that the disc does not press well against the flywheel. And if we talk about the disk, then such options are possible: mechanical failure (clamping springs, damper springs, hub splines are faulty) or friction linings are worn out. In the first case, most likely, you will have to change the clutch disc, and in the second you can get by replacing the friction linings.
If we talk about friction linings, conventional friction linings are made from organic materials. During normal operation of the car under normal conditions (for example, driving around the city and on the highway), their replacement will be required after about 80 thousand kilometers.
We also recommend that you read an article on how the clutch is arranged and works in a box machine. From this article you will learn about the features of the automatic transmission clutch, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this solution.
However, the habit of starting abruptly, an increased load on the car (for example, aggressive driving, slippage in mud, snow, sand, towing trailers, etc.) lead to a significant reduction in the service life of the pads.
If the machine is constantly operated in conditions close to extreme, it is worth checking the condition of the pads after 20-40 thousand kilometers. Better yet, it will be immediately installed when replacing pads made of more wear-resistant materials. For example, from Kevlar fiber, carbon composite materials or cermets.
Clutch disassembly
How to correctly and which side to put the clutch disc on, this question often arises for novice motorists who do not pay attention to certain nuances when performing work, ignoring which can lead to useless repairs and serious problems with the machine.
Proceeding to the removal of the node under consideration, it is necessary to fulfill the following requirements:
- Block the vehicle with special wedges;
- Release cardan from gearbox and slave cylinder;
- Disconnect the limit switch wiring of the light switch for reverse gear;
- Using a ring wrench, a pair of fastening nuts are removed to secure the gearbox cushion, which is removed. Further, it is necessary to remove the transmission box from the engine at the maximum possible distance so that the switch rests on the bottom;
- The transmission will be hanging on the inlet pipe of the muffler, so it is advisable to secure the back of the box by installing an additional support. Retracting the flywheel, you need to unscrew the six mounting bolts on the clutch basket. For ease of access to the locking elements, the crankshaft should be rotated periodically;
- In the resulting groove, by shifting the clutch basket, the disk is removed. To remove the basket itself, you will need to shift it in the direction of the engine. Next, it remains to dismantle the fork and release bearing.
The clutch of the woodworking device is centrifugal and automatically triggers when the engine speed changes. If the speed is low, the elements of the mechanism are pressed against the shaft. Thus, the rotational motion is not transmitted to the sprocket. With increasing speed, the elements diverge and are pressed against the drum, thereby causing the chain to rotate.
A characteristic property of this type of device is braking when the circuit slows down. Thus, it turns out to avoid some glitches. But nevertheless, this system is subjected to a huge load, so it is necessary to systematically carry out preventive inspection and repair.
The clutch of the woodworking device is centrifugal and automatically triggers when the engine speed changes. If the speed is low, the elements of the mechanism are pressed against the shaft. Thus, the rotational motion is not transmitted to the sprocket. With increasing speed, the elements diverge and are pressed against the drum, thereby causing the chain to rotate.
A characteristic property of this type of device is braking when the circuit slows down. Thus, it turns out to avoid some glitches. But nevertheless, this system is subjected to a huge load, so it is necessary to systematically carry out preventive inspection and repair.
Assembly of the unit is carried out in a mirror disassembly sequence. Preliminarily, a special lubricant should be applied to the bore of the gearbox input shaft bearing, and the friction area and pressure disk should be treated with a clean cloth. Installing the disk in its place is performed by the protruding part facing the basket. The pre-marked marks on the casing and the flywheel are combined to prevent imbalance.
In the process of work, it is required to center the driven disk relative to the crankshaft axis. For this procedure, a special rule is applied (simulates the splined part of the input shaft), which should be easily removed after installation. The fastener bolts must be tightened uniformly alternately to prevent the casing from moving.
Like a chainsaw engine
Recently released devices feature a single-cylinder, two-stroke carburetor engine. It includes several mechanisms that work together. Main engine components:
- Flywheel;
- Communication
- Incendiary module;
- Muffler;
- Mounting bushings.
The engine installed in the saw operates at a frequency of 13.5 thousand revolutions per minute, and therefore requires processing with high-quality oil. During operation, a high level of cooling system is required. The engine of the unit is equipped with a cooling system that supplies air to the cooling systems.
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how to unscrew chainsaw grip
for repair how to loosen the grip on the chainsaw for repair.
Chainsaw Clutch
The clutch of the device for processing wood is centrifugal and is activated automatically when the degree of revolutions of the engine crankshaft changes. If the revolutions are small, then the elements of the mechanism are pressed against the shaft. So the rotational motion is not transmitted to the sprocket. With an increase in speed, the elements sprawl and are pressed to the drum, thus making the chain spin.
The corresponding property of this type of device is braking during chain deceleration. So it turns out to avoid some damage. But all the same, this system is subjected to a large load, therefore, it is necessary to systematically carry out preventive inspection and repair.
How to take off
The drive sprocket also serves as a drum. The coil on the trimmer stopped rotating to remove it And if for the clutch cup. One of the main reasons for the breakdown of this block is the grinding of the sprocket teeth. In an integral embodiment of the drum, the chain can cut through the sprocket during operation. Such a mechanism asks for a substitution. In the case when there is a replaceable crown on the drum, it must be removed and changed during maintenance. Then the drum can work further.
When there is a need for repair, you should seek help from a service center where experienced specialists work. But if this is not near, the question arises. how can I remove the clutch without the help of others? If you have the necessary set of tools, you can easily implement your plan. Of course, there are some differences in the models of different companies, but the disassembly scheme remains unchanged:
- First, the chain brake cover is removed by turning the lever. Slightly twist nuts to loosen chain tension. After loosening, you can completely unscrew the nuts and remove the cover;
- The chain and the guide bar are disassembled, as well as the mechanism is cleaned of dirt;
- The cylinder head candle is turned out and the piston is fixed. To do this, the crankshaft should be rotated until the outlet opens and then a piece of rope is placed in the cylinder to lock the piston. After completion of work, the rope is removed from the mechanism;
- The nuts on the clutch are unscrewed with the special wrench from the kit. In this mechanism, they are made with left-hand thread, and this must be taken into account during dismantling. After that, the mechanism is disassembled, and all its parts are inspected for damage. Although I already have a trimmer in order to remove the clutch assembly once as in the photo. I hope my tips on how to remove the mowing head on the Black trimmer&Decker GL716 How to replace. Worn parts must be removed and replaced with new ones.
After repair and replacement of parts, it is necessary to assemble in the reverse order. The disassembly process is presented in more detail in the video.
To independently repair such chainsaws as Calm, Husqvarna, Partner, Goodluck, you need to know some features of the models. For example, on some varieties of saws, a washer is installed (between the cup of the drive sprocket and the engine). During assembly, it must be installed in its original place.
If the model has a special spring that transmits rotation to the pump drive, it is crucial that it is properly installed after repair. Otherwise, the device may be seriously damaged. After preventive and repair work, it is necessary to check whether the mechanisms are working properly.
Clutch repair on a VAZ car
The article describes in detail the process of disassembling, repairing and reassembling the clutch on a VAZ car.
The clutch performs one of the most important roles in the movement of the car and at the first manifestations of violations of its operation, it is necessary to immediately begin repair, otherwise inaction can lead to sad consequences, then it will take a lot more time and money to repair. Before removing this mechanism, you will need a clutch diagram, study it in detail for further repairs and the concept of the principle of operation.
We removed and repaired the clutch disc on a VAZ 2110 car, similar equipment is installed on 2111 and on later models of these machines, but on the VAZ 2112 car there are some differences and improvements, in particular, they were amenable to: the spring of the damper of the driven disk and the leading part of the clutch, but the essence of the repair remains similar.
Dismantling and repair of car clutch:
1. The first step is to dismantle the gearbox. The procedure needs patience, and without it it will be impossible to repair the clutch.
2. Install the mandrel into the center aisle of the disc. It can be made independently by the size of the existing shaft or use the input shaft instead, which was borrowed from another car.
3. Return one bolt that secures the gearbox into place, and use a long screwdriver to hold the handwheel so that it does not spin when the other bolts unscrew the six bolts that hold the clutch cover.
Now you can remove the flywheel in a complete set with a driven and push disk. When removing the clutch cover, the drive plate must be held inside it so that it does not fall out.
5. If you can visually see from the end of the driven disk that there is a distortion in its shape, then check the runout of the disk, and if it is more than half a millimeter, then this part must be completely changed.
6. Next, inspect the surface of the pressure plate and the flywheel; if gross abrasion of the disk (wear), deep scratches or bumps are noticed, the flywheel or pressure disk must be replaced with a new one. Grinding will not help!
7. Next, turn the cover over to the other side and continue the inspection:
- 1. riveted joints of the pressure plate and the casing. They should not have weakenings and obvious defects, if there are any, then you have to change the disk in the kit.
- 2. diaphragm springs of a pressure disk. They also should not be with obvious defects (deep scratches, cracks and chips), if defects are noticeable, then replace the entire casing.
- 3. contacts petals diaphragm spring. All limbs (contacts) of metal lobes with clutch release bearings must be free of defects and in the same plane (maximum wear difference of 0.8 mm is allowed). If the wear is more than 0.8 mm or there are serious defects, then again there is only one way out. replace the drive in the kit.
8. Also, the pressure plate with the casing must be replaced as an assembly if the support rings of the pressure spring have undergone cracks, chips, or other physical changes.
9. If desired and possible in the garage, you can test the operation of the leading part of the clutch. To do this, it is necessary to fix the pressure plate (3) complete with the casing (2) and pressure spring (1) on equipment with an intermediate ring (4) whose thickness (B = 8.3 ± 0.03 mm). This equipment replaces the flywheel driven disk.
Now, three times with the switch-off path of 8–9 mm, disconnect the clutch by applying a load to the petals of the compression spring (1) at a diameter of C = 34 mm. Wherein:
- size A should be between 29–31 mm;
- check that the turn-off stroke of 8.0 ± 0.1 mm corresponds to a stroke of the pressure plate of at least 1.4 mm;
- the difference in the magnitude of the waste pressure plate (3) not more than 0.25 mm;
- the load on the petals of the pressure spring (1) on the diameter C with a stroke of 8.0 ± 0.1 mm should be no more than 1100 N (1350 N for the VAZ – 2112 clutch), the peak of the shutdown load no more than 1300 N (1500 N for the VAZ clutch –2112).
10. Before mounting the clutch back, it is necessary to check the free movement of the driven disk along the splines of the input shaft of the gearbox. If there are seizures, then eliminate them, if necessary, replace damaged parts.
11. When re-mounting the driven disk into the pressure housing, carefully watch so that part of the protruding hub looks towards the pressure spring.
12. From the side of the compression spring, a centering mandrel must be inserted into the slots of the driven disk.
13. In the photo, the arrows indicate the three centering pins, according to them, just like mine, you need to install the clutch on the flywheel, and then holding the screwdriver with the screwdriver to turn the screw, tighten the 6 bolts securing the clutch to the flywheel.
14. Now you can get the centering mandrel from the clutch disc and reinstall the gearbox. Clutch repair completed.
Clutch repair
In most cases, clutch repair is a rather difficult task, for the implementation of which the assistance of specialists may be needed. Conducting this event yourself is not recommended if you do not have the necessary design knowledge and experience. Depending on the problem, repair work may take only a few minutes. In the most difficult situations, you will need an assistant, a special place or a lift for quick access under the car. Below we talk about what are the symptoms of a failure of the clutch system and options for eliminating them.
Main breakdowns and their elimination
Clutch slippage when shifting gears. Clutch slippage is most evident when climbing uphill or on acceleration. Obvious signs of a malfunction are the specific smell and a significant increase in gas mileage. Some of the most common causes of this problem include:
Friction pad contamination VD or flywheel. These surfaces are subject to so-called oiling. Deposits can be easily removed with alcohol or gasoline, after the procedure the surfaces must be wiped dry. The cause of oiling may be leakage through the gearbox or oil seals.
Wear or deformation of friction linings VD, which rises at significant temperatures exceeding the permissible norm.
Clutch drive may also cause slippage. The mechanism may jam or be damaged. Repair requires replacing or replacing a part.
Partial engagement. The main symptoms appear when shifting gears. To change the forward speeds you need extra effort, the inclusion of reverse gear is accompanied by uncharacteristic noises. In this case, the gearbox is in good condition, without any malfunctions.
Incorrect drive adjustment, as a rule, it is corrected by adjusting the clutch cable, in the most difficult cases, by replacing the clutch fork.
Cable jam. If deformation is detected, the part is replaced; if there are none, the cable just needs to be lubricated.
Damage, development of friction linings, insufficiently riveted joint or end runout of VD over 0.05 mm. Correction of damage is possible only by replacing the disk with a new analogue.
Worn ND or flywheel. These problems are common among drivers who do not conduct timely diagnostics of machine components and mechanisms. The flywheel is recommended to be replaced. If a deformation of the pressure plate is detected, a new assembly should also be installed instead.
ND deformation or spring wear corrected by installing a new casing along with the pressure plate.
Hub sticking. One of the reasons for the partial engagement of the clutch can be hidden in the jamming of the hubs of the air disks on the splines of the gearbox shaft. Parts must be cleaned of dirt. Minor damage is repaired by file. In the most critical cases, the replacement of the input shaft of the gearbox or drive is required.
Jerks at the beginning of the movement
Cable jam. To eliminate the malfunction, it is enough to treat the cable with grease. In case of deformation, replace it.
Malfunctioning hubs VD on the splines of the shaft as a result of sticking. Clean all surfaces of the parts, and grind minor mechanical damage with a file. In case of detection of significant deformations or damage, the input shaft and disk are replaced.
Deformations and / or weak fixation. The cause of jerks at the beginning of the movement of the machine may be: deformation of the VD, a decrease in the strength of fastening of the plates, significant development or small cracks on their surface. In addition, deformation of the VD plates, failure of the damper springs or deformation of the cells under the springs is possible. All these problems are fixed by replacing damaged elements with new analogues.
Deformation of the flywheel or ND working surfaces. For correction it is recommended to replace the casing with the disk or the flywheel. In case of critical standing of both parts, replace all the above parts with new analogues.
Oiling friction lining surfaces. Clean contaminated parts with white spirit or gasoline. The source of oil should also be identified and eliminated. This could be damage to the seals or leak from the gearbox.
Extraneous noise in the process of engaging or disengaging the clutch. These malfunctions can occur with significant shrinkage or deformation of the damper spring or when the cells develop under the springs on the surface. A possible cause of the malfunction can also be a large deformation of the VD, insufficient fastening of the pads or their wear. Replace the disk to fix it.
Knock when the clutch is released, it occurs when the bearing is worn or destroyed. This problem may be accompanied by a grease leak; in such cases, bearing replacement is required.
Clutch repair VAZ-2107
To perform a clutch replacement, the machine should be installed above the inspection hole or use the flyover. To complete all the steps you will need a typical set of automotive tools. Before performing a VAZ-2107 clutch repair, you must disconnect the negative terminal from the battery.
Remove the propeller shaft. After that, disconnect the contacts of the reverse sensor.
Remove the casing located on the cylinder head. After this, dismantle the yoke.
Using a wrench, unscrew both nuts on the gearbox mount and remove it.
Then you need to remove the basket from the flywheel. Pry the box aside with a pry bar. After that, lay the transmission unit on the receiving tube. Using a mount (screwdriver), fix the flywheel, then unscrew the bolts on the clutch holding basket.
Having unscrewed the basket fasteners, gently push it with a mount and remove the disk. Following this, you can dismantle the basket itself.
To replace the new analogue of the release bearing located on the gearshift shaft, remove the plug. Assembly is implemented in the reverse order.


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