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Poverty is a social problem with the truth that the general public have limited financial assets and their standard of living is low. The folks have been deprived of modern services in schooling, well being, communication and good meals. Such people are apprehensive as a result of lack of income assets and they're unable to fulfill their needs to reside a life parallel to their neighbored.
Overall, business ethics implies three crucial components, namely doing what is correct, consciousness about long-term results of present actions, and sensible moral determination making. If the word being defined is something physical, then a description of its characteristics, presumably including a diagram, could be appropriate. If the word being defined is complex, it can be in comparability with something which is simpler . Giving examples is a typical way to lengthen the definition of a word. A teacher is an individual who is engaged in educating college students, often at a school.
Doesnât matter you select definition argument essay subjects or frequent matters for definition essay, ensure your matter is advanced. If you notice that you canât clarify the word in sentences, seize it, thatâs the ticket. A formal definition essay defines a term or concept.
For example, the ideal leader in a battlefield setting may probably be very completely different than a leader in an elementary school setting. If a context is missing from the essay, the essay could additionally be too quick or the major points could be complicated or misunderstood. Determine the aim and structure of the definition essay. "It gave me a better understanding on how to write a definition essay." A definition or definitional essay is an essay written about a chosen word of your alternative, its meaning to you, and how you use the word. You can argue your definition over the dictionary definition as well.
The chapters are preceded and adopted by an historic timeline and a brief biographical section, glossary, bibliographic essay and index. Two extra essays are useful for their suggestive methods of research ; in both cases it is straightforward to imagine further uses for these techniques. The remainder of the essays are extra miscellaneous. In the mid Twenties he also began to publish theoretical essays outlining what he thought was taking place in structure, and where it should go. Write my essay – attempt the best guides to complete your essays. Every word needs to be on level and in its place; in any other case, your essay will appear to be a jumbled mess.
Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school college students. Weâve created a new place the place questions are at the middle of studying. Needs to evaluation the safety of your connection earlier than continuing. "After School Play Interrupted by the Catch and Release of a Stingray" is an easy time-sequence photograph essay.
Itâs important to consider the audience to be able to kind a powerful thesis assertion, and sort arguments in a proper sequence. The creator also should discover key points of comparability, describe the purpose of topics, and their traits. The conclusion is the final part of your essay and the most important in that case. In the concluding paragraph, you need to give a abstract of the primary points in the body. In your conclusion, you must wrap up your thesis with the details within the body paragraph. Wrap up the essay in the final section by briefly restating the standard definition of the word.
Consider taking a break and returning to the paper at a later time, which might help you be extra alert and catch mistakes you might have overlooked in any other case. On your pc, you should use https://elementsofeducation.org/category/teach/ proofreading instruments to identify and resolve spelling and grammatical issues. They may also notify you to vary words to make your essay concise and straightforward to learn.


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Why a rare gene mutation means this woman lives almost pain-free
Video report by ITV News Science Editor Tom Clarke
"I'm always cutting myself, burning myself, falling over, hurting myself."
For years Jo Cameron believed she was just "clumsy" and "had no idea that there was anything unusual" about how little pain she felt.
Throughout the 71-year-old's life she often did not notice cuts or burns until she could smell burning flesh, but when she did injure herself, she tended to heal very quickly.
Yet it was only at the age of 66 when Ms Cameron - who lives near Loch Ness in Scotland - had surgery on her hand and reported no pain afterwards, that she was diagnosed with pain insensitivity by her anaesthetist, Dr Devjit Srivastava.
Dr Srivastava - who also specialises in pain medicine - referred Ms Cameron to pain geneticists at UCL and the University of Oxford.
Watch how ITV News Science editor Tom Clarke and producer Sophie Alexander did in a pain tolerance test.
Scientists conducted genetic analysis and found that Ms Cameron has a mutation in a previously-unidentified gene.
Researchers found that she has a "micro-deletion", or a tiny bit missing, in a pseudogene - a segment of DNA which is related to a gene but does not have the full functionality of a regular one.
Scientists dubbed this FAAH-OUT, and also found Ms Cameron had a mutation in the neighbouring gene that controls the FAAH enzyme.
The FAAH gene is well-known to pain researchers, as it is involved in endocannabinoid signalling which is central to pain sensation, mood and memory, meaning that Ms Cameron also experiences very little anxiety or fear and may have enhanced wound healing.
She was given the lowest score on a common anxiety scale, and told researchers she never panics, even in dangerous situations such as a recent traffic incident.
The pensioner also reported memory lapses throughout life such as forgetting words or keys, which has previously been associated with enhanced endocannabinoid signalling.
She said: "I had no idea until a few years ago that there was anything that unusual about how little pain I feel - I just thought it was normal.
"Learning about it now fascinates me as much as it does anyone else.
"I would be elated if any research into my own genetics could help other people who are suffering."
Scientists have found mice that do not have the FAAH gene have reduced pain sensation, accelerated wound healing, enhanced fear-extinction memory and reduced anxiety.
Dr James Cox of UCL Medicine, one of the lead authors of the paper, said: "We found this woman has a particular genotype that reduces activity of a gene already considered to be a possible target for pain and anxiety treatments.
"Now that we are uncovering how this newly-identified gene works, we hope to make further progress on new treatment targets.
"We hope that with time, our findings might contribute to clinical research for post-operative pain and anxiety, and potentially chronic pain, PTSD and wound healing, perhaps involving gene therapy techniques."
The researchers say it is possible there are more people with the same mutation and urged anyone who does not experience pain to come forward.
The study is published in the British Journal of Anaesthesia.

subset: commoncrawl


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Enhanced Enterprise Cloud Collaboration on a Microsoft-Certified Platform
Yorktel's Cloud Solutions & Services provide access to a select group of communication and video collaboration tools designed to enhance productivity and streamline workflows. In addition to providing the inherent benefits of enterprise cloud solutions, the platform in particular offers:
- Reduced IT maintenance and management
- Scalability depending on your user needs
- Automatic updates
- Continuity across lines of business
- More efficient collaboration
- Flexible work practices – location and timing
Built on a certified global video collaboration platform, our Enterprise Cloud Solutions & Services are a vital asset in Yorktel's extensive portfolio of Managed Services and AV Integration Services, providing our customers with an additional set of cloud collaboration tools to facilitate their Digital Transformation journey. Our Cloud Services can be managed in conjunction with all of Yorktel's solutions and services, providing value across your entire network ecosystem.
72% of enterprises have a hybrid cloud to accommodate the hybrid workforce. [Source]
Ready to explore Yorktel's Cloud Solutions & Services for your business?
Teams Phone Connector
Azure Hosted SBC enabling PSTN Calls in Teams
Microsoft Teams now has over 270 million daily active users. (Source)
Yorktel's Teams Phone Connector provides a turnkey subscription based service for Direct Routing in Teams in our Microsoft Azure Hosted Session Border Controller (SBC). Enabling an external PSTN Voice call to be placed within Microsoft Teams giving your users a successful Voice call experience. With the ability to leverage your existing voice carrier plan, our multi-tenant approach and an OPEX based service, you are alleviated of the requirement to purchase, implement, maintain and support your own SBC.
Our Teams Phone Connector is hosted entirely in Microsoft's Azure cloud, meaning there are zero hops from Teams to the SBC, meaning the shortest and highest quality path giving low latency and high through-put, resulting in a high audio fidelity and an improved End User experience.
Gateway Service
Close Your Connectivity Gaps for Enhanced Enterprise Collaboration
Yorktel's Gateway Service is an enterprise cloud solution that facilitates agile and seamless team communications by eliminating connectivity gaps between disparate platforms, applications, and devices. Users enjoy more efficient cross-team communications and effective enterprise cloud collaboration, without the barriers that often accompany siloed or strictly on-premise technologies.
Incorporating our Gateway Enterprise Cloud Services into your cloud collaboration architecture means you no longer need to worry about what platform your collaborators are using or who can call whom from where. All participants land in a Teams room, for a consistently high-quality meeting experience across your user base. Whether you are using Microsoft Teams, Poly, or Cisco endpoints, Yorktel's Cloud Gateway accommodates the copious permutations of calls, making your enterprise collaboration experience consistent across platforms.
Yorktel offers two options for our Gateway Service:
Teams Gateway – Preserves the Microsoft Teams experience for those who are already using Teams, including all the capabilities and functionality included in a pure Teams environment.
InterOp Gateway (includes SfB-O) – Allows users of Skype for Business Online to connect and collaborate with Teams users, offering gateway bridging (interoperability) between these two distinct platforms. This Skype and Teams interoperability provides unique value in accommodating Skype OR hybrid environments.
Yorktel is one of only four companies globally with the technical expertise to offer Gateway Services for Microsoft Teams AND offer it on a Microsoft-certified platform.
Virtual Meeting Room (VMR)
Online, Cloud Collaboration Spaces for Intelligent Enterprise Communications
Yorktel's Virtual Meeting Rooms provide all the communication and enterprise cloud collaboration tools you would find in a physical meeting room, without any of the geographical restrictions of brick and mortar. Our VMRs take advantage of any-to-any connectivity, giving users access to the "room" from any device at any location where there's an internet connection.
VMR team members can schedule meetings in advance or initiate spontaneous, face-to-face meetings using VMR cloud collaboration tools. This ability to enable more personal interactions between team members – putting a face to a name – naturally improves team performance and productivity. Users can share documents, refine presentations, and collaborate in real-time.
VMRs are a natural result of the forward-thinking Digital Transformation initiatives embracing AI and IoT. Yorktel's VMRs have the distinction of being one of a family of cloud-based services with all the advantages that come with Yorktel's expertise as a global Managed Services Provider.
- 80% of employees prefer video conferencing tools compared to audio or messaging communications
- 99% of workers say video calls improved their communication experience
- 55% of people believe companies are more collaborative when using video calls [Source]


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BlueCielo Meridian and Synergis Adept continue to advance and update their offerings, providing document management and workflow solutions to help your company effectively leverage valuable content across the entire enterprise. Here are just a few of the most valuable developments:
Synergis Adept:
As many of you already know (and may already be using in production), Synergis has released Adept 2017. The biggest advancement in Adept 2017 is the release of a totally new and modernized user interface. This new UI has received rave reviews and replaces the old toolbars and menus with a ribbon and tab interface. The new UI not only reduces clicks for greater productivity, it provides easier and faster access to every command. In addition, Adept's old multi-window interface has been trimmed down to a Single Window Interface for easier navigation and less clutter. A number of other strong features and improvements have been made to Synergis Adept 2017 as well.
In addition, Synergis is in the process of releasing their new Adept Integrator, which is an out-of-the-box integration platform that connects IT, ERP, and financial systems, enabling you to orchestrate data flows that support your business goals. Adept Integrator allows you to connect the information in your enterprise business systems with the Adept engineering information management solution, and to connect those systems to one another. Adept Integrator offers a comprehensive, out-of-the-box library of certified and optimized connectors and adaptors, including SAP, Oracle, JDE, IBM, SharePoint, Primavera, Microsoft Project along with a number of leading CRM solutions.
Due to the success of last year's event, Synergis will again be hosting their Adept Experience conference on October 12-17 in Bethlehem, PA. Adept Experience is designed to allow Adept users to learn, share and connect with knowledge experts from Synergis and the Adept community. For more information, click on https://experience.synergissoftware.com/
A very interesting blog article from Synergis recently discussed the problem of intellectual property theft and how almost 50% of a company's value exists in its proprietary intellectual property such as engineering drawings. The article went on to discuss all of the advantages of using a data management system like Adept (as opposed to Windows Explorer) for protecting engineering drawings and other intellectual property from theft. Let us know if this is a concern of yours and you would like to learn more.
BlueCielo Meridian:
This spring BlueCielo released the 2017 version of Meridian which includes a multitude of new features and capabilities, including support for new versions of Autodesk and SolidWorks CAD products. This new version delivers 20% general Meridian performance increase over 2016, a 5-10X Explorer synchronization performance increase and support for SQL Express and SQL clusters. Additionally, more improvements were made to Power Web, further allowing it to replace usage of the desktop Power User.
BlueCielo now has a mobile app for Meridian that offers the flexibility of compatibility with iOS, Android and Windows phones and tablets. Meridian Mobile offers the ability to search, retrieve and view documents and allows reviewers and approvers of documents the ability to work anywhere.
BlueCielo recently made their 2016 annual report available on their company web site. Highlights included increased sales and continued strong profitability, an installed base of 1200+ customers and the full customer release of the Meridian360 collaboration portal.
If you would like further information on the benefits of these products, please don't hesitate to contact us!


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You are able to play as the Slave ships of any fighter! Slaves have no missile attack. However, it has a rapid firing main cannon that spreads out the more you power up. The Slaves inherit the speed of the fighters they normally accompany. They use other Slave ships like themselves as their own Slaves. In the first Raiden Fighters, all Slaves, regardless of the fighter they normally accompany, use Firestar Bombs. They inherit the speed and the bombs of the fighter they normally accompany in RF2/RFJ. This is the best all-around fighter in the series. Some players consider the Slave a cheap player craft, though.
Pros: Excels in nearly every ability. Great firepower, defense, and rapid fire. In addition, their small size makes them harder to be hit by enemies.
Cons: About the only time Slaves have any cons to their use
is when they inherit the speed of slow fighters, like Raiden mk-II and Beast


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Everyone knows one thing about stopping distances: It takes longer for your car to stop on wet surfaces than it does on dry surfaces. But what does the Highway Code have to say about this issue?
If you're learning to drive and preparing for your theory test, it's worth familiarising yourself with the Highway Code's position on stopping distances.
Stopping Distances and Weather: Dry, Rain and Snow
Different weather conditions can affect how you drive, including stopping distances.
Here we'll look at how dry weather, rain, snow and ice can affect your stopping distances.
Stopping Distances in Dry Conditions
The Highway Code's site includes this handy graphic to illustrate how speed affects your thinking distance and braking distance:
Some have pointed out that this information may be outdated, as it doesn't take into consideration advances in braking and tyre technology.
However, even if this information is a little dated, we still feel this is a handy guide. It effectively illustrates that the faster you're travelling, the less time you'll have to think, and the longer it will take you to brake.
So think of these figures as "worst case scenario" figures. It might not take you precisely 55m to come to a complete stop at 60mph, but it's still going to take you longer than it would at 50mph. With this in mind, commit to becoming as safe a driver as you can. Leave as much space as you can between your car and the car in front, and always give the road your complete and undivided attention.
Stopping Distances in Rain
Wet surfaces can almost double your stopping distances. If the road is wet, make sure you slow down to give you more space to stop.
When the road is wet, there's even more to think about like the conditions inside the car, maintaining visibility as well as the possibility of aquaplaning. Read our guide to stopping distances in the rain.
Stopping Distances in Snow and Ice
Driving in snow or on ice can make your stopping distances 10 times longer.
Driving in higher gears and more smoothly are just some of the extra considerations you need when driving in snow and ice. Find out more about driving in snow and ice with our guide to driving in the snow and our guide on how to tell if you're driving on ice and what to do.
Stopping Distances and The Highway Code
Your stopping distance will depend on five factors:
- Your attention
- Your speed
- The road surface
- The weather
- Your vehicle
Your Attention – If you're tired or distracted, you'll be slower to react to events on the road ahead of you. You'll hit the brakes a little later than you would have done if you were giving the road your complete attention. This is why it's important to think of the two second rule when it comes to stopping distances. Read more about the two second rule here.
Your Speed – The faster you're travelling, the longer it will take for your car to come to a complete stop. This isn't just because it will take a while for your car to brake. It's also because, at high speeds, you'll travel further before you realise that you need to brake – even if your reaction is instantaneous. This is called the "thinking distance", and you can learn more about it on our blog about the dangers of tailgating.
The Road Surface – Not all road surfaces are equal. Some are gravelly, some are greasy, and after periods of rain and snow, road surfaces can be wet, icy, and slippery. All of these things will increase your stopping distance. The problem is that it can be hard to tell just what type of road surface you're travelling on. This is particularly true when it comes to ice, which isn't always visible to the naked eye. Read our guide to what to do if you find you're driving on ice here.
The Weather – Rain, snow, sleet and other weather conditions can increase your stopping distance through affecting your attention and through making the road surface slippery. Read our guide to stopping distances in the rain here, and our guide to driving in the snow here.
Your Vehicle – The age and condition of your vehicle can affect your stopping distances. Modern cars can be fitted with advanced braking systems, while older cars can have worn or outdated brakes and tyres. Read our guide to how the condition of your tyres in particular can affect your stopping distances here.
And get yourself covered with comprehensive car insurance, so that everything will be taken care of should you ever get involved in an incident.


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Experience the perfect mix in condo living. Strike a balance with affordability, location and amenities in one complete package.
Filinvest captures the best of condo living at West Parc, which surrounds you with fresh air and abundant greens while offering all the essentials of a dynamic lifestyle. The three 15-storey buildings—Alder, Birch and Cedar—boast of spacious environs and a refreshing garden setting.


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With twice the chocolate, these Pistachio Chocolate Chocolate Chip Muffins are an indulgent breakfast treat, totally worth the half an hour it takes to make them.
Want more chocolatey breakfasts? Try this chocolate granola or these triple chocolate muffins too.
If you love chocolate and pistachio too, you'll love these Chocolate Pistachio Cookies and these Pistachio Chocolate Biscotti.
Making muffins is so easy
They're just so easy. Every day simple ingredients, 2 bowls and a muffin tin is all it takes. You mix dry ingredients in one bowl and wet ingredients in the other. Then you mix them all together, divide among muffin trays and bake.
These perfectly moist chocolate muffins are made like most muffins but they are full of chocolate chips and pistachio pieces, then drizzled with dark chocolate at the end and scattered with more crushed pistachios.
These things are incredible. Just like my Quick Chocolate Bread, they're so easy and you can be devouring these muffins within 30 minutes.
In addition to all the usual suspects – flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, eggs and milk – there are a few ingredients worth explaining.
- Oil – I use vegetable oil to make them extra moist. I use rice bran since that's what I keep at home but just use a very light flavoured vegetable oil
- Dutch Process Cocoa – these muffins will work with regular cocoa but dutch process has a smoother flavour and gives them a gorgeous dark colour.
- Chocolate Chips – I use a combination of milk and dark chocolate chips but use whichever you like best.
- Pistachios – use unsalted pistachios. The pistachios in the shell are often a more vibrant green. If you can only find salted pistachios, give them a good rub to remove excess salt and leave the added salt out of the recipe
The inside of these chocolate chocolate chip muffins is fluffy and tender (on account of the vegetable oil) and the tops are that perfect firm muffin top with crunchy edges.
They're at their most delicious while they are still warm and all those chocolate chips are all gooey still.
How to make chocolate muffins
This is the best part because they are so simple
- Mix together dry ingredients in a large bowl (image 1), then the wet ingredients in a second bowl (image 2)
- Add the wet ingredients to the dry (image 3) and stir with a spatula.
- Spoon it into muffin tins to about 3/4 full (image 4)
Tips and Tricks
- Don't overmix the batter, just enough that everything is combined. Overmixed batter = tough muffins.
- You can use cupcakes cases or leave them without. If you do go without, and your muffin tin isn't non-stick, make sure to grease and flour the muffin tin holes before scooping in the batter
- Don't overfill the muffin tins – just get them to about 3/4 full.
More recipes you'll love
- Carrot Cake Muffins
- Coffee Cake Muffins
- Bakery style chocolate chip muffins
- Raspberry White Chocolate Muffins
- Easy Chocolate Chip Peanut Butter Muffins
- Blueberry Orange Muffins
- Jam-filled Cinnamon Sugar Donut Muffins
- 260 g plain (all purp) flour (2 cups / 9.2oz)
- 55 g cocoa (½ cup / 2oz)
- 2 teaspoons baking powder
- ½ teaspoon baking (bicarb) soda
- ¼ teaspoon salt
- 200 g white granulated sugar (1 cup / 7oz)
- 150 g chocolate chips (3/4 cup / 5oz)
- ⅓ cup pistachios, roughly chopped
- 2 large eggs
- ¾ cup whole milk (180ml)
- ½ cup vegetable oil (like canola or rice bran) (125ml)
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- Melted chocolate for drizzling
- Extra pistachios for topping
For best results, always weigh ingredients where a weight is provided
- Preheat the oven to 180C / 350F / 160C fan forced. Line aa 12 hole muffin tin or silicon muffin tray with cupcake cases or grease them well.
- In a large bowl sift together the flour, cocoa, baking powder, baking soda and salt. Add the sugar, choc chips and pistachios and mix it well.
- In a separate bowl whisk together the eggs, milk, oil and vanilla until well mixed.
- Add the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and mix with a spatula until just combined.
- Divide the batter equally among the 12 muffin holes and bake for around 22 minutes (notes), turning the tray half way through, until a toothpick inserted comes out with just a crumb or two attached (you'll have to try to miss the choc chips though).
- Once cooled, drizzle with the extra melted chocolate and scatter with extra chopped pistachios
- I use a standard Australian 20ml tablespoon (equal to 4 teaspooons worldwide)
- For best results you should always weigh ingredients like flour and sugar. Kitchen scales are relatively cheap but if you can't weigh the ingredients, use the spoon and level method (don't scoop).
- Baking time will be longer if you use cupcake papers.
- All ovens vary so start testing for doneness 2-3 minutes before the recipe suggests.
Click here for more Muffins recipes
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Super Talented, Super Sweet and Super Sketcher Hema Nazareth is the newest designer in the house. Vibrant and spontaneous, her love for food, and her incredible sense of humour reflects in everything she doodles. We managed to catch her for a little gup-shup right before her midnight snack!
> How would you describe yourself to a stranger?
Um. Brown : ) I love food, I'm a big time texter and I hate phone calls. Also I'm very eager to be funny. Laugh at my jokes and I'll love you forever.
But I also have a terrible memory, so forever isn't necessarily too long.
> Did you always want to become an illustrator or life had other plans for you?
I am actually an animator by training; albeit lazy, and not a very good one!
I always knew I wanted to do something creative. Right from an early age, I was very enthusiastic about music, story telling and art; and these all really helped me to be an animator, a promo producer and now an illustrator – which is ultimately what I have enjoyed doing the most and feels the most 'me'.
But yeah, 'in the old days', we didn't even know that being an illustrator could be an option! My O Levels and A levels were primarily science subjects; luckily when I was done with my 12th, I heard about art colleges and NID and realized that I didn't have to necessarily go in a purely academic direction, and I could pursue creativity in an area that could also be a good career and commercially viable, such that my parents didn't have to fear me scrounging on the streets eating Vada Pao.
> Tell us a bit about the graphic designing industry. Is it difficult to stand out amidst the clutter?
There are graphics and illustration everywhere you look; so I guess there really is enough work to go around; requiring all kinds of styles! So although there are many graphic designers and illustrators out there; everyone has something to bring to the table and each person finds their own niche.
> How will your describe your illustration style?
Hmm, it's a little like me – Kind of goofy and rough around the edges but cheeky and colorful. I love color!
No matter what I do, even if I wear fancy labels from head to toe ( which I don't);I can never really look sophisticated or slick; and the same is true of my illustration style – it's got heart but it's very, erm…earthy? : )
What I do like is to do is add little details; an element that adds humor or insight wherever I can.
> Books or Movies?
I love both. But I guess maybe books since I am that annoying kind of person who you would want to slap because they say things like ' oh the book was better than the movie' and 'oh I can't see that movie till I have read the book'
> What are the everyday things that inspire you to create art?
Number one on the list would be music. I can be having a really brain dead day, and I can put on my iPod and just be immediately transported to a world of all sorts of thoughts and ideas and emotions. Humor and great writing come next. I love clever word play; so a great book or blog or smart TV show really work for me.
Also, car rides. I am like the family dog; take me out on a car ride and my ears flap in the wind, I stare out the window and I go into a zone!
I automatically start thinking about all sorts of things and stuff that I want to create.
> What do you usually do when you're not doodling? What's a day in your life like?
A day in my life is food filled. Every meal for me is important and I always have to eat something yummy. Plus a midnight snack. I have zero restraint when it comes to food.
And I know I shouldn't say this, but i watch a LOT of TV. Mostly at night once my work day is done. But I have breakfast in front of the TV, and my lunch break too!
When I'm not working I like to travel and see music concerts – I am a concert junkie, I get obsessed with a band and then I have to go see them somehow. I like to read when I can, I try to do a bit of yoga, but generally I am pretty lazy when I am not working!
> Food or Sleep?
Food. Anytime. I can survive with not that much sleep and be ok, and still quite cheerful.
Take away one meal, and I make 'Hangry' sound like a cute hamster in comparison.
> What do you love sketching the most?
Animals, funny weird looking people and creatures and food.
> If the world ends tomorrow, what is that one thing you would like to do today?
I think apart from all the obvious things like seeing my family and friends and maaayyyyyybe my husband, I would go to one amazing concert and get super hammered because there's no next day to have a horrible hangover nor an embarrassing memory of the stupid things I said!
That's pretty shallow, I know.
> What is your ideal alternative career option?
This is so much a part of me that I have never really thought about anything else I could be but I guess if I wasn't doing this, then maybe something to do with writing. But ideally, I'd want to be in a great band and play the drums like a Goddess!
> Give us a Hema-fied message to all the aspiring illustrators.
If you're an illustrator like me who has drawing limitations, find an innovative way to make those limitations work for you! It could be a totally different way to visualize something, which might actually make it better. Also, work hard, and be professional – deliver when you say you'll deliver, manage your time. Don't be a douche bag.
> How is it working with Chimp?
It was super fun; and I am really glad I got to work with a quirky and humorous brand – I have always liked and bought Chimp products. The whole experience was very chilled and really enjoyable.
Here are some lovely prints designed by Hema :
You can buy them here: http://bit.ly/2lEMHq1


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Insecurity and political instability in a country facilitates a hot-bed for giving rise to many issues. Afghanistan has been struggling with such kinds of issues for a long time now. Last year, the issue of a pedophile ring being responsible for the abuse of hundreds of children in Logar schools sparked unrest among Afghans. In terms of children and women's rights, Afghanistan is on its path to improvement but there is still need to be impressive strides on this front. In its latest report titled 'Women in Afghan Security and Defense Forces', the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) revealed that over 14 percent of female officers who were interviewed had faced sexual harassment. Having interviewed around 2,300 women officers between 18-40 ages, who are serving in the military ranks, the rights watchdog attempted to find if there has been any violation of rights against this particular gender. According to the figures, 48.8 percent of the respondents claimed that they have unequal access to facilities, rights and privileges compared to their male counterparts. Over 4,000 women have been serving in the Afghan security forces, based on figures from the Central Statistics Organization (CSO) in 2016; however, the number has probably increased by now. On the other hand, the majority of the female army personnel (84.4%) felt safe at work regarding sexual harassment and abuse matters. Given this, one can say there has been some progress made with regard to women's condition and public perception of them in the country. Back in the day, during the Taliban's regime in the 1990s, there were severe restrictions imposed on this class of the society as they were even barred from going to schools, universities, and outing without a male partner. Nevertheless, with all this optimism about women's presence in the Afghan military ranks, the uncertain marathon efforts for finding a political settlement to the ongoing war are still haunting Afghans. As the US has been engaged in peace negotiations with the Taliban for more than a year now, there are grave concerns about the possible violation of women's rights and the achievements gained during the last two decades. In a recent development, the US Secretary of State has informed Afghan leaders about the Taliban's proposal with regards to bringing a significant and enduring reduction in violence and that notable progress has been made in the ongoing peace talks with the Taliban. But where is the progress? Meanwhile, according to western media, US President Donald Trump has also accorded conditional approval to a peace agreement with the Taliban with circulating rumors suggesting that a US-Taliban peace deal is imminent and will be inked in the next couple of days. At this juncture, the critical question is: Has the matter of women's presence been tabled in the peace parleys so far? Or are the negotiations only focused on a reduction in violence and US troop pullout? Moreover, if the issue of women-in-arms is going to be raised after the intra-Afghan dialogue gets underway, and then would the Taliban agree to it? These are some of the questions which need to be adequately heeded and addressed by the Afghan leaders.
Check Also
Pakistan's Exports to Afghanistan Decline by Over 7% in Eight Months, Imports Drop by 59%
AT Kabul: The State Bank of Pakistan has reported a more than seven percent decline …


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AWS Database Blog
Amazon DynamoDB highlights from the last 18 months you may have missed
Amazon DynamoDB is a nonrelational database that delivers reliable performance at any scale. It's a fully managed, multiregion, multimaster database that provides consistent single-digit millisecond latency, and offers built-in security, backup and restore, and in-memory caching.
This blog post recaps DynamoDB highlights from the last 18 months. Read this post to learn how to fuel your cloud transformation by lowering your total cost of ownership (TCO) while improving the scale, performance, and availability of your database.
1. AWS purpose-built databases, such as DynamoDB, give you the ideal tools for your application
As you migrate workloads to the cloud, you can forgo the one-size-fits-all approach of running monolithic relational databases for your applications. Learn about purpose-built databases so that you can choose the right tool (database) for the right job (application), with DynamoDB as your nonrelational database cornerstone.
- Werner Vogels: Purpose-Built Databases in AWS (blog post)
- AWS Purpose-Built Database Strategy: The Right Tool for the Right Job (video)
- Applying the AWS Purpose-Built Database Strategy (video)
2. DynamoDB has added many new capabilities over the last 18 months
DynamoDB has launched a steady stream of features such as encryption at rest, backup and restore, Amazon DynamoDB Accelerator, Time To Live, and global tables. Watch the following video or read the accompanying slide presentation to learn the history of DynamoDB at Amazon and how we continue to innovate on your behalf so that you can focus on code and not on operations.
- What's New with Amazon DynamoDB (video)
- What's New with Amazon DynamoDB (deck)
3. DynamoDB delivers a 99.999% service level agreement (SLA)
AWS designed DynamoDB with uptime in mind. As of June 2018, DynamoDB has a 99.999% uptime SLA. Read more about the DynamoDB SLA.
- DynamoDB service level agreement (webpage)
4. Adaptive capacity makes capacity planning easier
For uneven access patterns and nonuniform workloads, DynamoDB adaptive capacity enables your application to continue reading and writing with consistent performance.
- How Amazon DynamoDB adaptive capacity accommodates uneven data access patterns (or, why what you know about DynamoDB might be outdated) (blog post)
- DynamoDB adaptive capacity: Smooth performance for chaotic workloads (video)
5. Automate backing up and restoring your database with point-in-time recovery and on-demand backups
DynamoDB launched continuous backups and point-in-time recovery (PITR) earlier this year. These features enable you to automate backing up and restoring your database to any single second in the preceding 35 days. No maintenance or code is required to enable PITR.
- Amazon DynamoDB Continuous Backups and Point-In-Time Recovery (blog post)
- On-Demand Backup and Restore for DynamoDB (documentation)
6. Global tables: DynamoDB is the only multiregion, multimaster database service
With global tables, DynamoDB is the only multiregion, multimaster database service. You can use global tables to run multiregion solutions that meet your most stringent business continuity requirements. You also can use global tables to enable low-latency data access to end users from anywhere in the world.
7. Customers are migrating to DynamoDB from other databases such as Cassandra
Companies such as Samsung and GumGum have migrated from Cassandra to DynamoDB and lowered their TCO by up to 70% as a result. Perhaps the biggest benefit of migrating to DynamoDB is that you can focus on business innovations and not on keeping your databases up and running.
- Migrate Apache Cassandra databases to Amazon DynamoDB more easily (blog post)
- Samsung Migrates 1 PB from Cassandra to DynamoDB (video)
- Moving to Amazon DynamoDB from Hosted Cassandra: A Leap Toward 60% Cost Savings Per Year (blog post)
This post has recapped some of the key DynamoDB highlights from the last 18 months. If you would like to learn more about the features of DynamoDB, see Amazon DynamoDB Features. To start using DynamoDB, see Getting Started with DynamoDB.
About the Author
Craig Liebendorfer is a senior technical editor at Amazon Web Services.


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Sometimes the easiest way to bulk edit or export data is through a csv or excel file. While its easy enough to export a database table as CSV if your exporting from Modx then it's not that straight forward. The reason for this is due to the way Modx stores Template Variables – within a… Continue reading Exporting to CSV in Modx
Category: modx
Creating a static website with Modx
Given that title, you may be thinking "hang on, if it's a CMS then it's not going to be static pages, right?" – wrong. Along with one the co-founder and lead Architect of Modx – Jason Coward, for my book review site SFBook, I've managed to get the best of both worlds – a static… Continue reading Creating a static website with Modx
GetPage Pagination
GetPage is a very useful extra for Modx that allows the pagination of results, most of the time generated by the GetResources extra. It's pretty straightforward to use however by default there isn't really any thought given to the duplication that will result from it's use. There doesn't seem to be much about this on… Continue reading GetPage Pagination
Supercache and the permissions of Doom
I've been using a great plugin for Modx Revolution recently called Supercache which expands on the existing caching system and for complex sites can improve the performance of the website substantially. So far so good, except the caching was so good it didn't want to give up the cached files and trying to delete them… Continue reading Supercache and the permissions of Doom


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The Sagittarius woman subscribes to her own rules. This love of life is curious about anything and everything. She loves to explore the various mysteries of this world. It is no wonder that she find it difficult to keep a rigid schedule. She wants to find the hidden truths about everything and this makes her a delight to be around.
In this video, we will talk about personality traits, likes/dislikes, love, relationships, career, money, friendships, fashion, style and a lot more of Sagittarius Woman.
Personality Traits of Sagittarius Woman
#1. Open-minded
A Sagittarius woman is one who is ever curious. She is therefore open to learning new things and enjoying new experiences. Things rarely seem outlandish to her. Criticism is simply fuel to achieve greatness in her case.
#2. Social
This fire sign loves spending time with people. She is fascinated by their experiences, even those that might seem mundane. There is no topic under the sun that she won't engage others in no matter how unorthodox it might seem.
#3. Philosophical
Truth is important to a Sagittarius woman. As such, she is bound to seek it from all angles. She will both philosophize and rationalize all things in her life quest for truth.
#4. Energetic
For one to be as outgoing and adventurous as the Sagittarius woman, one needs to have a power house of energy within them. She has an infectious amount of energy and loves to spread her mostly positive vibes anywhere she goes.
#5. Fun Loving
Want to go hiking? Maybe kayaking? Or does bungee jumping or skating or a simple picnic sound like a fun idea? Whatever it is you want to engage in, as long as the Sagittarius woman finds it fun she shall happily engage in it.
#6. Passionate
Goals are made to be achieved. This fire sign does not hold anything back when pursing that which she deems as important.
#7. Witty
Think twice before engaging in a battle of wits with Ms. Sagittarius. She has a wealth of knowledge about the most random of topics. This gives her the ammunition that she needs to provide quick and witty comebacks in conversations that take everyone aback.
#8. Outspoken
Ms. Sagittarius does not believe in sugar coating her words. She says what is on her mind without caring about how it shall be received. The downside to her rather blunt side is that she sometimes hurts people's feelings without even realising it.
Likes & Dislikes of Sagittarius Woman
The truth is one of the most important things to a Sagittarius woman. She prefers it when people speak their mind around her as she is not afraid to do the same. She loves all things fun and is out going. Trying to dictate where she goes and, or what she does is simply a waste of time.
She loves her flexibility and freedom. Clinginess even from her nearest and dearest is simply off-putting. She loves to travel and interact with different people. As such jealousy or any other negative energy has no space in her life.
Animals are the world to her. She will stop at nothing to take care of any animal she encounters. She cannot stand to see an animal being mistreated in any way.
While she can comfortably handle responsibilities, she prefers not to. She would rather outsource the task at hand than have to deal with it.
Sagittarius Woman in Love & Relationships
Love brings out the clumsier, shy, childish side of a Sagittarius woman. She loves to see others around her happy and her partner is not exempted. She is quirky and loves to have a good time. The perfect partner is one who understands her quirky, clumsy, and childish ways and encourages her to be the best version of herself.
A relationship with a Sagittarius woman can be over bearing at times. Remember, even when she is being pushy and seemingly overly demanding, she is simply trying to get you to be a happier, better version of herself.
Find a way to communicate with her that will make her understand when she is being too much. Remember, she loves honesty and is likely to appreciate the criticism rather than get hurt by it.
Making a Sagittarius woman happy is fairly easy. Respect her ways and self, be open minded and indulge her in her quirky and childish ways and you should be just fine.
Career & Money of Sagittarius Woman
Responsibility is not something that a Sagittarius woman will cope very well with. However, she believes that things that need to get done should be done. She is just not seemingly in a hurry to get them done.
She is always after self-growth and the same applies to her career. When she finds a career she is passionate about, she will dedicate herself to it and sore to great heights. She prefers working in a flexible environment. It doesn't matter where she is, she will get her work done.
Money to her is a means to attaining the different thrills she is after in life. She is highly gifted and thus often has multiple streams of income. Financial planning is a strange concept to her as she believes money is made to be spent.
She often needs to seek the assistance of a financial advisor in order to get her financials in order.
Sagittarius Woman in Friendships
The archer loves to travel and experience new cultures and places. It is, therefore, no surprise that she has friends from various geographical and social spaces. She is more interested in the ways in which you will quench her curious mind rather than in your financial and societal standing.
Conversations with her are eye opening. Her curiosity about life leads her to seek truths on a wide array of subject matters. There is, therefore, no topic that she cannot tackle with ease. Top this up with her witty sense of humour and you are bound to have the time of your life conversing with her.
Her friendships are found on truth and promise a good time. Do not be shocked when she boldly calls you out on your mistakes. It is this lack of bias that makes her the perfect mediator of disputes within her friend circles.
Fashion & Style of Sagittarius Woman
'Comfort first, style later' is the mantra that Ms. Sagittarius seems to live by. She will opt for that which she feels at home in and completely ignore the latest trends, unless she is completely comfortable of course! It is rare to find her shopping in boutiques and designer shops. You are likely to find her in a flea market in the middle of nowhere looking for unique pieces that speak to her.
Instead of going for that classy, dressy look that combines a number of high end pieces, a Sagittarius woman will go for colourful, comfy clothing that reflect her adventurous ways as well as her quirky ways. She loves to communicate and her wardrobe is no exception to the rule. It must speak to her and for her.
She is often ready for anything and as such, her fashion sense must represent this readiness. Do not be surprised to find her in jeans, a comfy t-shirt and sneakers at a swanky party.


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- Research
- Open access
- Published:
Vitamin D status in diabetic Egyptian children and adolescents: a case–control study
Italian Journal of Pediatrics volume 39, Article number: 73 (2013)
Recently, studies suggesting that vitamin D deficiency correlates with the severity and frequency of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of developing T1DM have been reported.
In this study, we aimed to assess vitamin D status in Egyptian children and adolescents with T1DM.
This was a case–control study including 80 T1DM diagnosed cases aged 6 to 16 years and 40 healthy children with comparable age and gender as the control group. For all subjects, serum 25 (OH) D levels were measured by ELISA, Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum insulin were measured by an electrochemiluminesce immunoassay. Serum glucose, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also assessed.
Compared to the control group, serum vitamin D levels were not significantly lower in diabetic subjects (24.7 ± 5.6 vs 26.5 ± 4.8 ng/ml; P > 0.05). Among diabetic cases 44(55%) were vitamin D deficient; meanwhile 36(45%) cases had normal vitamin D level (P < 0.01). In addition, 26(32.5%) diabetic cases had 2ry hyperparathyroidism and 54(67.5%) cases had normal parathyroid hormone level; meanwhile, none of the control group had 2ry hyperparathyroidism (P < 0.01). Furthermore, we found a significant difference between vitamin D deficient diabetic cases and those with normal vitamin D level as regards HOMA-IR and diabetes duration (P < 0.01).
Public health message on the importance of vitamin D status; especially in diabetic children and adolescents, should be disseminated to the public.
Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an auto immune disease that results in the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas as a result of interactions between different susceptibility genes and environmental exposures[1].
Peak incidence occurs around puberty, and the disease is usually diagnosed before age 30. It is estimated that, by the time the DM1 is diagnosed, 80–90% of the beta cells are lost[2].
Recent studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of developing autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1DM)[3, 4]. This occurs partly through loss of vitamin D modulation of the immune and inflammatory reaction in diabetes[5].
At the level of the immune system, 1, 25(OH)2 D3 inhibits the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells and promotes their apoptosis[6], thus preventing their transformation into antigen presenting cells which is the first step in the initiation of an immune response[7]. At the level of the pancreatic islets, 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased in vivo and in vitro proinflammatory chemokine and cytokine expression (e.g., IL6), which are implicated in the pathogenesis of T1DM making β-cells less chemoattractive and less prone to inflammation; this results in decreased T cell recruitment and infiltration, increased regulatory cells, and arrest of the autoimmune process[8].
Studies from different countries have shown a highly variable prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranging from 15 to 60% among children and adolescents with T1DM[9, 10].
Before conducting a clinical trial of supplementing patients with T1DM, it is required to assess the existing status. In this study, we aimed to estimate vitamin D status in Egyptian children and adolescents with T1DM.
This was a case control study performed in Zagazig University hospital from January to December 2012. The study included 80 children and adolescents diagnosed as T1DM cases (34 males and 46 females) while attending Pediatric outpatient endocrine clinic in Zagazig University Hospital. The age of the patients ranged from 6 to 16 years (mean, 11.4 years). Forty healthy children of comparable age and gender served as a control group. Subjects were excluded from the study if they had consumed cholecalciferol, calcium, multi-vitamin or mineral supplementation, vitamin D-fortified foods during the previous 3 months, or any medical co-morbidities or any other major chronic disease.
All patients and controls included were subjected to proper history taking, thorough clinical examination. Including anthropometric measurements (weight, height and BMI). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated as follows: BMI = weight (kg)/height (m)2.
In all participants, and patients with BMI of more than 30 were considered obese according to the World Health Organization classification[11]. Routine biochemical investigations included serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, urea, and creatinine.
Abnormal glucose homoeostasis
Criteria were defined under modified WHO criteria adapted for children[12]. The impaired glucose tolerance value is 2-h blood glucose (2 h. BG) _140 (7.8 mmol/l) and <200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) for OGTT, and _110 mg/dl and <126 mg/dl for fasting glucose. For defined diabetes, the value is 2 h. BG >200 mg/dl for OGTT and/or >126 mg/dl for fasting glucose[12].
Homeostasis model for assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a convenient and beneficial method for evaluating insulin resistance, especially in obese subjects, and reflects insulin resistance obtained by euglycaemic clamp more accurately than fasting plasma insulin levels alone. It was calculated with the following formula (HOMA-IR) = [fasting insulin (uU/ml) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)] / 22.5. Insulin resistance is defined as the levels of the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) greater than 3.16[13, 14].
Estimation of serum 25 (OH) D levels
Samples for serum vitamin D level estimation were collected in heparinized amber colored glass vials to prevent photo degradation. Serum was extracted after centrifugation and then stored at–20°C until analyzed. In those who presented with ketoacidosis, samples were taken 4–5 days after normalization of pH.
Serum 25(OH)D level was measured by 25(OH) vitamin D ELISA assay kit (Eagle Biosciences, Inc.USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions, to each well it was added 200 μl of prediluted serum sample, control or standard separately and incubated for 2 hours at 25°C, after washing, 100 μl of Enzyme Conjugate was added into each well and incubate for 30 min at room temperature, then, after washing, 100 μl of chromogen/ substrate solution was added into each well and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature without shaking (protected from direct sunlight). Finally, 100 μl of stop solution was added to each well, and absorbance was read at 450 nm.
Vitamin D status was classified according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)/LWEPS's recommendations on cut-off levels for states of vitamin D. A 25(OH)D level of <5 ng/mL (<12.5 nmol/L) was considered as severe deficiency, a level between 5 and 15 ng/mL (12.5-37.5 nmol/L) as deficiency, a level of 15–20 ng/mL (37.5-50 nmol/L) as insufficiency, and a level of 20–100 ng/mL (50–250 nmol/L) as normal (sufficient)[15]. Our patients were also divided into 2 groups according to their vitamin D status. Those with serum 25(OH) D levels <20 ng/mL were grouped as vitamin D insufficient and deficient, and those with serum 25(OH) D levels >20 ng/mL as normal with regard to vitamin D status[15].
Serum level of ALP and fasting blood glucose level were measured using a Dimension XL auto analyzer (Siemens, German).
Estimation of serum PTH and serum insulin level
Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum insulin were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay using Cobas e 411 immunoassay analyzer (Roch Diagnostics, GmbH, German). The manufacturer's normal range for PTH was 15–65 pg/ml. Secondary hyperparathyroidism was defined as a PTH level greater than 65 pg/mL. HbA1c levels were measured by affinity chromatography test using (biosystem kit-USA) in which the affinity gel columns were used to separate glycated hemoglobin which binds to the column.
Informed parental consent was obtained to be eligible for enrollment into the study. The study was done according to the rules of the Local Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Statistical methods
SPSS version 19 was used for data analysis. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD or median (min-max) where appropriate. Test selection was based on evaluating the variables for normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test. If the variables had a normal distribution, Student's t-test was used. If the variable did not have a normal distribution, the analysis was done using the Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical data were evaluated by Pearson's chi-square test. The correlations between variables were performed by Pearson's Correlation test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
There was no significant difference between diabetic cases and control group as regards age, gender, or BMI (P > 0.05), respectively (Table 1). Median disease duration in our diabetic cases was 17 months (range 3–52 months) (Table 1).
Our data showed that 44(55%) diabetic cases were vitamin D deficient; meanwhile 36(45%) cases had normal vitamin D level. On the other hand, 12(30%) of the control group, were vitamin D deficient and 28(70%) had normal serum vitamin D level (P < 0.01; Figure 1).
Of note, 26(32.5%) diabetic cases had 2ry hyperparathyroidism and 54(67.5%) cases had normal parathyroid hormone level; meanwhile, none of the control group had 2ry hyperparathyroidism (P < 0.01; Figure 2).
Serum calcium level was significantly lower in diabetic cases (8.5 ± 1.6 mg/dL) compared to the control group (10 ± 1.4 mg/dL; P < 0.01), respectively (Table 2). Meanwhile, serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher in diabetic cases compared to the control group (all P < 0.01). However, no significant difference was observed between both groups as regards to serum vitamin D level (24.7 ± 5.6 vs 26.5 ± 4.8 ng/ml; P > 0.05) (Table 2).
A significant difference was observed between vitamin D deficient diabetic cases and those with normal vitamin D level regarding serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and serum parathyroid hormone levels (all P < 0.01). Moreover, vitamin D deficient diabetic cases had significantly higher HOMA-IR values than those with normal vitamin D level (4.7 ± 0.3 Vs 2.8 ± 0.6; P < 0.01). Of note, we observed significantly shorter disease duration in vitamin D deficient diabetic cases compared to those with normal vitamin D level (6.7 ± 2.3 Vs 43 ± 9 months; P < 0.01), respectively (Table 3).
In diabetic cases, serum levels of vitamin D showed significant negative correlations with BMI (r = -0.643, P < 0.01; Table 4), meanwhile it showed significant positive correlations with disease duration (r = 0.544, P < 0.01; Table 4) .On the other hand, serum levels of vitamin D did not correlate with clinical parameters, such as age, gender; or with biochemical parameters, such as serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, fasting blood glucose, HbA1C or HOMA-IR (all P > 0.05; Table 4).
As vitamin D deficiency is considered to be directly involved in inducing immune-mediated β-cell destruction as well as calcium mediated dysfunction leading to onset of clinical Diabetes, the levels of vitamin D must be low at the time of diagnosis. Some previous studies did show that vitamin D levels are low at the time of diagnosis[16, 17].
The nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) found that the 25 OHD levels in the new onset T1D (n = 459) were low compared to controls (P < 0. 001). The vitamin D levels were also low after 8 yr of follow up in T1D[16].
In the present study, we found that serum vitamin D levels were not significantly lower in diabetic subjects compared to the control group (24.7 ± 5.6 vs 26.5 ± 4.8 ng/ml; P > 0.05).
These results are different from those of Pozzili et al. who found that the 25(OH) D levels in new onset T1D (n = 88) were low compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01). They also studied the correlation between vitamin D and time when diagnosis was made and concluded that vitamin D levels were similarly low during summer and winter months, excluding the possibility of a significant seasonal variation[17].
There are two main biochemical parameters regarding the negative effects of vitamin D deficiency on the skeleton namely ALP and iPTH. The cut-off point of serum 25-OHD in which the mean serum PTH concentration begins to increase is defined as 20 or 30 ng/ml[18].
In our study, we found that serum calcium was significantly lower and both serum phosphorus and serum parathyroid hormone were significantly higher in diabetic subjects compared to control children (all P < 0.01).
This agreed with a study performed by Hamed et al who revealed that serum PTH levels were significantly higher in T1DM patients than controls. The explanation of this apparently increased PTH levels might be because of the functioning feedback mechanisms to the decrease in serum levels of calcium and 25(OH) D[19].
By contrast, Kemink et al demonstrated normal or even low PTH concentrations in diabetic patients[20].
Our results showed a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D and BMI (r = -0. 643, p < 0.01). This was concordant with the results of the 2001–2004 National Nutrition and Health Survey in the United States indicate that metabolic syndrome prevalence was 3.8 fold higher among obese adolescents whose 25(OH) D levels were lower than 15 ng/mL as compared to those with levels higher than 26 ng/mL[21].
On the other hand, Çizmecioglu et al found that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common in obese and overweight schoolchildren, especially in girls. Obesity could be a risk factor in terms of hypovitaminosis D in adolescents. Vitamin D supplementation should be administered particularly to adolescent girls[22].
Previous cohort studies explained that lower serum 25(OH) D in obese children was most likely the cause of higher iPTH concentrations; and serum iPTH levels were positively correlated with the degree of adiposity and were higher only in the hypovitaminosis D and vitamin D–deficient groups compared with the vitamin D–sufficient subjects[23, 24].
In the present study, we found a significant difference between vitamin D deficient cases and those with normal vitamin D level regarding HOMA-IR (4.7 ± 0.3 Vs 2.8 ± 0.6; P < 0.01) and diabetes duration (6.7 ± 2.3 Vs 43 ± 9 months; P < 0.01), meanwhile no significant difference was observed as regards HbA1c (P > 0.05).
This was concordant with Chiu et al who observed a positive relationship between vitamin D status and insulin sensitivity index in adults. In addition, they showed that vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with both first- and second phase insulin responses during a hyperglycemic clamp and glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test. Thus, they suggested that subjects with hypovitaminosis D not only displayed impaired β-cell function causing impaired glucose homeostasis, but also were at increased risk of developing insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome compared with vitamin D–sufficient subjects[25].
On the other hand, previous studies showed that serum 25(OH) D levels were inversely correlated with HbA1c independent of body fat, implying higher ambient glucose concentrations in children with lower vitamin D concentrations[26, 27].
In our study, no significant difference was observed between vitamin D deficient cases and those with normal vitamin D level regarding fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels (P > 0.05).
These results are concordant with those of a recent report by Erdonmez et al who found that no correlations were found between insulin measurements during oral glucose tolerance test and vitamin D deficiency. They added that mean vitamin D levels were similar in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (P > 0.05)[28].
On the other hand, another study conducted among adolescents of French origin in Canada failed to reveal an association between 25(OH) D level and existence of at least two components of metabolic syndrome. In the same study, it was shown that every 10 ng/mL increment in 25 (OH) D levels causes a mild decrease in the fasting blood glucose levels and HOMA- IR[29].
Our data showed a significant difference between vitamin D deficient cases and those with normal vitamin D level regarding serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, serum parathyroid hormone levels (all P < 0.01); which confirm the results of previous studies[30, 31].
Although our data revealed that vitamin D deficiency were more common among diabetic children compared to the control group (P < 0.01),our study failed to find a significant difference between diabetic children and healthy controls as regards serum vitamin D levels (P > 0.05).
The small sample size was one of our limitations in this study; we suggest that multicenter approaches may be necessary to attain larger sample sizes. Future longitudinal cohort studies are recommended to better investigate the correlations assessed in the present study and to evaluate the effects of time on the analyzed variables. Finally, more extended studies to define the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes are urgently needed because trials using active form of this metabolite for type 1 diabetes prevention are actively being considered.
Public health message on the importance of vitamin D status; especially in diabetic children and adolescents, should be disseminated to the public.
Author information
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. http://www.zu.edu.eg/
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Mrena S, Savola K, Kulmala P, Reijonen H, Ilonen J, Akerblom HK, Knip M: Childhood Diabetes in Finland study group. Genetic modification of risk assessment based on staging of preclinical type 1 diabetes in siblings of affected children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003, 88 (6): 2682-2689.
Holick MF: Diabetes and vitamin D connection. Curr Diab Repor. 2008, 8: 393-398. 10.1007/s11892-008-0068-0.
Danescu LG, Levy S, Levy J: Vitamin D and diabetes mellitus. Endocrinology. 2009, 35: 11-17.
Mathieu C, Van Etten E, Decallonne B, Guilietti A, Gysemans C, Bouillon R, Overbergh L: Vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as immunomodulators in the immune system. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004, 89: 449-452.
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Arnson Y, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y: Vitamin D and autoimmunity: new aetiological and therapeutic considerations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007, 66 (9): 1137-1142. 10.1136/ard.2007.069831.
Giarratana N, Penna G, Amuchastegui S, Mariani R, Daniel KC, Adorini L: A vitamin D analog down-regulates proinflammatory chemokine production by pancreatic islets inhibiting T cell recruitment and type 1 diabetes development. J Immunol. 2004, 173 (4): 2280-2287.
Svoren BM, Volkening LK, Wood JR: Significant vitamin D deficiency in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr. 2009, 154 (1): 132-134. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.07.015.
Bizzarri C, Pitocco D, Napoli N: IMDIAB Group et al. No protective effect of calcitriol on beta-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes: the IMDIAB XIII trial. Diabetes Care. 2010, 33 (9): 1962-1963. 10.2337/dc10-0814.
World Health Organization: WHO Technical Report Series, No. 894. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic, Report of a WHO consultation. 2000, Geneva: WHO, Available at http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_TRS_894/en/
Diabetes Epidemiology Collaborative Analysis of Diagnostic Criteria in Europe Study Group: Will new diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus change phenotype of diabetes epidemiology collaborative analysis of diagnostic criteria in Europe study group. glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Lancet. 1999, 354: 617-621.
Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC: Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in men. Diabetologia. 1985, 28: 412-419. 10.1007/BF00280883.
Keskin M, Kurtoglu S, Kendirci M, Atabek ME, Yazici C: Homeostasis model assessment is more reliable than the fasting glucose/insulin ratio and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index for assessing insulin resistance among obese children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2005, 115: 500-503. 10.1542/peds.2004-1921.
Misra M, Pacaud D, Petryk A, Collett-Solberg PF, Kappy M: Drug and Therapeutics Committee of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society. Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management: review of current knowledge and recommendations. Pediatrics. 2008, 122: 398-417. 10.1542/peds.2007-1894.
Littorin B, Blom P, Scholin A, Arnqvist HJ, Blohme G, Bolinder J: Lower levels of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D among young adults at diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes compared with control subjects: results from the nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS). Diabetologia. 2006, 49: 2847-2852. 10.1007/s00125-006-0426-x.
Pozzilli P, Manfrini S, Crino A, Picardi A, IMIDIAB group: Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1, 25-dihyroxyvitamin D3 in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Horm Metab Res. 2005, 37: 680-683. 10.1055/s-2005-870578.
Aloia JF, Talwar SA, Pollack S, Feuerman M, Yeh JK: Optimal vitamin D status and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in African American women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006, 84: 602-609.
Hamed EA, Abu Faddan NH, Adb Elhafeez HA, Sayed D: Parathormone – 25(OH)-vitamin D axis and bone status in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes. 2011, 12: 536-546.
Kemink S, Hermus A, Swinkels L, Lutterman J, Smals A: Osteopenia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: prevalence and aspects of pathophysiology. J Endocrinol Invest. 2000, 23: 295-303.
Reis JP, von Muhlen D, Miller ER, Michos ED, Appel LJ: Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in the United States adolescent population. Pediatrics. 2009, 124: 371-379. 10.1542/peds.2009-0213.
Filiz M, Cizmecio LU1, Nilay E, Uzay G, Onur Hamzao LU, Ffiukru H: Hypovitaminosis D in Obese and Overweight Schoolchildren. J Clin Res Ped Endo. 2008, 1 (2): 89-96.
Kamycheva E, Sundsfjord J, Jorde R: Serum parathyroid hormone level is associated with body mass index. The 5th Tromso study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004, 151: 167-172. 10.1530/eje.0.1510167.
Rockell JE, Green TJ, Skeaff CM, Whiting SJ, Taylor RW, Williams SM: Season and ethnicity are determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in New Zealand children aged 5–14 y. J Nutr. 2005, 135: 2602-2608.
Chiu KC, Chu A, Go VLW, Saad MF: Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004, 79: 820-825.
Scragg R, Holdaway I, Singh V, Metcalf P, Baker J, Dryson E: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels decreased in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995, 27: 181-188. 10.1016/0168-8227(95)01040-K.
Hypponen E, Power C: Vitamin D status and glucose homeostasis in the 1958 British birth cohort: the role of obesity. Diabetes Care. 2006, 29: 2244-2246. 10.2337/dc06-0946.
Erdonmez D, Hatun S, Cizmecioglu FM, Keser A: No relationship between Vitamin D status and insulin resistance in a group of high school students. J Clin Res Pediatr En docrinol. 2011, 3 (4): 198-201. 10.4274/jcrpe.507.
Delvin EE, Lambert M, Levy E, O'Loughlin J, Mark S, Gray-Donald K, Paradis G: Vitamin D status is modestly associated with glycemia and indicators of lipid metabolism in French-Canadian children and adolescents. J Nutr. 2010, 140: 987-991. 10.3945/jn.109.112250.
Ajda M, Gul Yesiltepe M, Elif O, Filiz Mine C, Sukru H: Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2011, 3 (4): 179-183.
Janner M, Ballinari P, Mullis EP, Fluck CE: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Swiss Med Wkly. 2010, 140: 13091-
The authors thank the staff of Outpatient Clinics in Zagazig University Children's Hospital for their collaboration in sampling as well as our patients who participated in the study. Our institutional review committee of ethical research approved the study.
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SA participated in the design, collected samples and also participated in the analysis of data and discussion. SS participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. WE and SMA reviewed the results and discussion. AA participated in the design of the study and helped to draft the manuscript. AE conceived of the study and coordinated the sample collection and analysis. All authors read and approved all the manuscript.
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Azab, S.F., Saleh, S.H., Elsaeed, W.F. et al. Vitamin D status in diabetic Egyptian children and adolescents: a case–control study. Ital J Pediatr 39, 73 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-39-73
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1824-7288-39-73


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Chris Froome: 'This is a special team - we plan to be together in 2020'
The four-time Tour de France winner has reacted to the news that Sky will end its cycling sponsorship
Chris Froome has reacted to the news that Sky will end its sponsorship at the end of next season.
Team Sky will be left without a backer when their parent company pulls out in 2019 unless a new sponsor can be found.
Froome, a four-time Tour de France winner, said the team plan to stay together into 2020.
>>> 'David Brailsford could have a sponsor up his sleeve, but riders will need to know by May'
In a statement posted on Twitter, the 33-year-old said: "I can't predict the future but I can say this with absolute certainty – this is a really special team.
"We plan to be together in 2020 if at all possible and we will be doing everything we can to make that happen – in different colours, with a new partner but with the same values, focus and desire to win."
Team Sky announced on Wednesday morning that Sky would be pulling out, having backed the team since its inception in 2010.
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Since launching nine years ago, the team took Britain's first Tour de France victory with Sir Bradley Wiggins in 2012 and racked up eight Grand Tour victories.
Froome is the team's current Grand Tour leader, with wins in all three of the major tours.
He added: "First off a massive thank you to Sky.
"They have been brilliant partners and it's been an incredible journey we have shared together.
"They have helped me personally every step of the way and I will always be grateful for their support.
"And we are not finished yet by any means. Everyone at Team Sky has got big ambitions for 2019 and this news has made us more determined than ever to make them happen."
>>> Team Sky's open letter to fans as main backer announces sponsorship will end
Sky's involvement with cycling came into doubt earlier this year when company was bought by American communication giant Comcast.
The company's chairman James Murdoch, a driving force in Sky's cycling sponsorship, departed shortly after.
Team Sky insiders said it was business as usual after the takeover, and highlighted CEO Darroch's support for the team.
Froome added: "And finally to the fans, your support has always mattered most to us and the messages we have all received today have meant a lot.
"We look forward to seeing you on the road in January."
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Bone Health
Keeping our bones healthy with the right vitamins and nutrients is really important, especially as we age. … Read More See less
Whilst keeping active and maintaining a healthy diet are great everyday habits for keeping our bones strong, sometimes we may need a bit of extra help from certain vitamin and mineral supplements.
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What's better, a calcium supplement or milk?
Milk provides much more nutrients than just calcium alone.
It includes protein, B vitamins like B2 and B12, and minerals such as phosphorus, potassium and iodine.
Calcium supplements are an option if you struggle to consume an adequate amount of food and drink that are rich in calcium, or if you have a disease like osteoporosis.
Who should take a calcium supplement?
Calcium helps to build and maintain strong bones and teeth.
Most people get enough calcium through their diet, but certain people may benefit from taking a calcium supplement.
If you're elderly, you're more likely to be at risk for fractures and osteoporosis, so if you're not getting enough calcium in your diet, you may benefit from taking a supplement.
Vegans and those who are lactose-free are also at risk of a deficiency as calcium is typically found in dairy products and fish.
If your child doesn't like milk, a supplement may be a good alternative to ensure that they're developing as they should.
How does vitamin D help the body?
Vitamin D is also known as the sunshine vitamin, as it is created by the body when our skin is exposed to direct sunlight.
We can also receive it by consuming certain foods, such as:
- Oily fish, such as salmon, sardines, herring and mackerel
- Red meat
- Liver
- Egg yolks
- Fortified foods, such as some breads and breakfast cereals
- Vitamin D is important, as our body requires it for maintaining both physical and mental health.
It helps to regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body, as well as helping our body to absorb calcium to keep bones, teeth and muscles healthy.
Our bodies require vitamin D from birth, to ensure our bones are strong and to promote healthy development.
What are the symptoms of a vitamin D deficiency?
The trouble with a vitamin D deficiency is that it isn't always easy to spot.
Symptoms of a vitamin D deficiency can be subtle and you may not realise that you are deficient.
Signs of a vitamin D deficiency can include:
- Fatigue or tiredness
- Bone, joint or muscle pain
- Low mood or energy
- Being frequently ill
- Feeling anxious
- Irritability
- Weight gain
- Hair loss
A deficiency in children and babies can be quite dangerous, as it can lead to a disease called rickets.
This is a serious bone problem that can cause complications, such as bowed legs.


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Nashville Boys Golf Wins Again Against Waltonville and Woodlawn
Brent Huelsmann
The Nashville boys golf team continued their winning ways with another win this past Thursday at Indian Hills Golf Course. The Hornets finished with the lowest score of the day with a 161 followed by Woodlawn with a 176 and Waltonville with a 191.
The Hornets got production from everyone as each player shot 43 or below. The team was once again led by senior Tyler Wall, who tied for the best score of the day at 38. Riley Edwards also shot a 38 on the day earning a medal along with Wall.
Junior Briley Dahncke tied for the second best round of the day with a 42 followed closely by fellow juniors Hayden Heggemeier and Cade Krueger who both shot 43 on the day.


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Gendered landscapes of safety: How women construct and navigate the urban landscape to avoid sexual violence
Roberts, Nicola, Donovan, Catherine and Durey, Matthew (2022) Gendered landscapes of safety: How women construct and navigate the urban landscape to avoid sexual violence. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2 (22). pp. 287-303. ISSN 1748-8958
Item Type: | Article |
This article presents findings from an online survey gathering quantitative and qualitative data from men and women students at a university in the north of England in 2016. The survey explored their perceptions of safety and experiences of interpersonal violence during their time as a student, both on and off campus. We show how women were more likely to report sexual violence compared to men. We also show how women students, compared to men, were less likely to say they never felt unsafe as they moved away from the university into the city, and as they moved from day into night. We illustrate how interconnecting factors construct women's perceptions of safety, and subsequently, how locations perceived as unsafe 'hotspots', become physical barriers impeding women's access to public and educational spaces. Consequently, we outline measures to enhance women's safety whilst at university.
Unanonymised complete clean manuscript 10 September to CCJ .pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives. Download (631kB) | Preview |
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Depositing User: Matthew Durey |
Item ID: 12538 |
Identification Number: https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895820963208 |
URI: http://sure.sunderland.ac.uk/id/eprint/12538 | Official URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/17488... |
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Date Deposited: 14 Sep 2020 14:53 |
Last Modified: 07 Nov 2023 12:11 |
Author: | Nicola Roberts |
Author: | Matthew Durey |
Author: | Catherine Donovan |
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This is a large and good quality antique style Persian Rug, circa 1920, constructed in Belgium.
• Circa 1920
• Persian style
• Constructed in Belgium
• Good rug for a large sized room
• Worn damage to several parts of the rug ( on one edge and near to one end of the rug)
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Length = 14' 6"
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Terms & Conditions:
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Hale Web Development Payment Policy
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You will never be required to sign a contract for our services. Once payment is received, you'll begin receiving our services thereafter. Although we do offer monthly packages, 6 month packages, yearly packages and individual services, you can cancel at anytime. Please note, if you do cancel, there will be no refund issued for the remainder of the time. We suggest that you don't cancel at the end of your scheduled renewal.
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Your payment will be due immediately before any services will be provided due to the upfront cost of your specific services. Depending on what service you choose, the value can vary. You'll be expected to make that payment immediately unless otherwise noted. Due to an increase in non-payments for services rendered, you'll be required to see your payment first via PayPal before any services will be rendered.
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We hold the rights to refuse or cancel the services to anyone, for any reason. We ask that you abide by all our policies and guidelines. We have these in place to protect us both.


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Getting the best choice of insurance is a sound financial planning. Basically, the insurance is a good form of investment or a great tax saving avenue. There are lots of insurance companies available to offer the different types of insurance policy for the users. This kind of insurance policy is the best way of spreading out the significant financial risk of a person. The cost of being insured is a monthly or annual compensation paid to the insurance company.
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In today's Freedom Friday blog and email newsletter, I want to discuss a question that is rarely asked, but should be, and that is why your small business needs a succession plan. No one wants to plan for the event when they either pass away, become incapacitated, or for some reason are no longer able to run their small business. This is why it is important for your small business to have a succession plan. So, in today's Freedom Friday blog and email newsletter, I'm answering the question, "Why does your small business need a succession plan?"
Having a business succession plan is important in planning for the future of your small business. Here are three (3) key components of a solid business succession plan:
1. Buy-Sell Provisions in Your Operating Agreement or Bylaws
The first key component of a solid business succession plan is buy-sell provisions in your LLC's operating agreement or your corporation's bylaws. This is especially important if there is more than one owner of your small business, but it is also essential if you are the sole owner of your small business. So, what is a buy-sell provision? A buy-sell provision will document what will happen to your LLC or corporation if something happens to you, or if something happens to one of your co-owners. It is very important for you to document what happens in the event of your incapacity or your death. If you're the sole owner of your small business, then it is also wise to have a provision in your LLC's operating agreement as to what happens to your small business if you are incapacitated or pass away. There are different options, but it is best to consult with an attorney to review those options with you in preparing your operating agreement or bylaws.
2. Essential Employee Policies
The second key component of a solid business succession plan is essential employee policies as part of a policies and procedures manual. If your small business doesn't have a policies and procedures manual, then now is a good time to create one, and perhaps ask an attorney to assist you in creating it. Your policies and procedures manual should have a "key man" policy, i.e. what happens to your small business if something happens to you as the owner; and then if you have employees, you need to have an "essential employee" policy, which is what happens in your small business if something happens to one of your "essential employees." Again, there are different options, but its best to consult with an attorney to review those options with you in preparing your policies and procedures manual.
3. Key Man Insurance Policy
The third component of a solid business succession plan is having a key man insurance policy for you as the owner of your small business, and also possibly purchasing coverage for key employees, such as managers and supervisors. This is an optional step and depending on the scope and size of your small business, you may or may not need or want to purchase such insurance. This is a business decision which you should make with the assistance of an insurance professional and/or your attorney. At the very least this is something you should consider to see if it makes business sense for you to purchase this type of insurance.
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text: Maluuba, a microsoft bought up AI startup achieved the highest possible score (999 990) for the very difficult to beat Ms Pac-Man. It used a divide and conquer like reinforcement learning where responsibilities for each positive and negative reward giving elements in the game are assigned an individual agent that seeks to suggest to the player a move that is best for reaching that particular local goal. A "manager" agent recieves these suggestinos and decides what move the user shall perform in order to achieve the maximum reward.


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Essential Oils: A Guide For Using Aromatherapy In Your Everyday Life
Essential Oils: A Guide For Using Aromatherapy In Your Everyday Life
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Essential oils are a natural way to bring about peace, calm, and energy—and other desired states of being. An alternative route to stress relief and preventative care, the oils can truly heal. Essential Oils presents over 50 common oils used in home remedies. Each one is profiled with its individual attributes so that you can create unique blends.
The book instructs how to use the oils topically, aromatically (diffused), and even for household cleaning. Find the aromas that best suit your life, and develop a love for essential oils that will last a lifetime.
- Alphabetical listing of carrier and essential oils.
- Info about the uses and benefits for each oil.
- Over 50 essential oil recipes included.
- Softcover book with colorful imagery and pleasing layout for an easy read.
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text: Financial Tribune - Total annual energy consumption in Iran is almost equal to the energy produced by burning 1.4 billion barrels of crude oil. The Iran Fuel Conservation Company says more than 35% of the energy is consumed in buildings. Industries and agriculture account for 24% and 17% respectively and the remaining (24%) or the equivalent of 320 million barrels is used for transportation. Regarding energy consumed in the key transportation sector, gasoline, diesel and natural gas comprise 48%, 34% and 15% respectively. Energy officials, including Mohsen Delaviz the head of IFCC, say the massive energy consumption for transporting people and goods is rooted in old and dilapidated vehicles plus poor intra-city and intercity railroads.


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