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Contrary to popular perception, international law is at the core of China-India recent standoff. China's claim rests on the primacy of customary international law compared to the claim of India, which is based on succeeding rights from British India. Interestingly, India was not even privy to the agreements from which it derives succeeding claims. The Chinese meanwhile have had a consistent view in which they categorized treaties tied up by colonial powers as exploitative and without the requisite voluntariness that forms the basis of any agreement.
The present standoff and its earlier major and minor versions of 1962, 2003, 2009 and 2013 were all due to the issue of the legal status of the McMahon Line that runs south of China and affects its relations with its southern neighbours. The McMahon Line and its extended derivatives have resulted in the concept of Line of Actual Control (LAC). The LAC has been acknowledged in written agreements between India and China. The two countries went as far as using it in a 1993 agreement, which was titled as 'Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility along the Line of Actual Control in the India China Border Areas' (Agreement). The Agreement was signed between the two countries in Beijing. India's side was represented by R. L. Bhatia, State Minister for External Affairs, Republic of India and the Chinese side was represented by Tang Jiaxuan, Vice Foreign Minister, People's Republic of China. The Agreement prefaced that it was aimed at implementing five principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence for peace and tranquility. Its Clause 1 provided for two legal obligations for India and China. First, it was agreed that 'boundary question' will be decided 'bilaterally'. Second, it was provided that 'neither side would use force or threaten to use force'. The prohibition of use of force was clearly provided in the Agreement, which was aimed at forbidding any aggression by the parties.
In addition, Clause 5 of the Agreement unequivocally stated that no air intrusions were to take place near the LAC, and in case of an air exercise, bilateral consultations had to take place. India seems to have circumvented bilateralism by amending its map of Ladakh and declaring it a union territory on 5th August, 2019. The redrawing of maps and subsequent actions were a violation of the first obligation under Clause 1 of the Agreement as unilateral action was taken. Similarly forgoing the obligation to consult with China, India with the support of the US was preparing for air exercises near the LAC.
China's approach to disputes such as this has been different and has focused on compromise. Since 1949, it resolved seventeen of its twenty three territorial disputes receiving less than 50% of the contested land as noted by Professor Taylor Fravel of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in his article on the compromises made by the political leadership of China in its boundary disputes. India's focus on bilateralism as a dispute resolution mechanism serves its own interests by attempting to localize issues and bypass the international legal order.
Moreover, the entire matter of McMahon Line is not separate from the Kashmir dispute, which is tripartite with China as much a stakeholder in the issue as Pakistan. The claims of Pakistan and China are pegged to international law and must be respected. Therefore, despite the existence of a bilateral agreement which has been violated, the dispute must be internationalized and resolved by global leadership in international fora. This will allow the claims of each party to be assessed on their merits and prevent the localizing of disputes which could potentially pose a threat to regional and international peace and security.


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[JURIST] The Venezuelan Supreme Court on Monday ruled that decisions from the opposition dominated General Assembly [official websites, in Spanish] are void until three barred lawmakers are relieved from their seats. The three lawmakers are part of an anti-government party that threatens the structure of the government. The court believes that the presence of these lawmakers on the assembly would place a super-majority in the hands of Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) and would give the party power to censure top government officials or even change the constitution. The decision comes after the lawmakers were sworn in last week despite the Venezuelan Supreme Court barring [JURIST reports] them from taking their seat in congress to protect the country's current political state. Many critics believe [BBC report] that the conflict between the court and legislature will continue the political turmoil and bring instability in the coming weeks.
The Venezuelan Supreme Cout ruling came after President Nicolás Maduro claimed in a speech that the December 6 polls in which his party lost control of the National Assembly were fraudulent and challenged his opponents' victory in the courts. The election results are seen as a setback to the ruling party [statement, in Spanish]. Jesus Torrealba, executive secretary for MUD, said in an open letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon that "[t]his is a victory for democracy." He went on to say on Twitter [official account] that "The National Assembly represents the sovereignty of the people, and the president is trying to violate that using a biased court. On January 5, we will swear in the National Assembly and preserve that sovereignty as the Venezuelan people and international observers look on."

subset: commoncrawl


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In Focus with Erik Weihenmayer
Dec. 20, 2017
This is a rerun from 09/12/17
Meet Erik Weihenmayer: He's climbed the world's highest mountains, kayaked down the Colorado River and is the first blind person to climb Mount Everest.
Weihenmayer went blind as a teenager, but that didn't stop him from joining the wrestling team as a freshman in high school. Weihenmayer says he is driven to achieve anything he sets his mind on.
In his 20s, Weihenmayer moved to Arizona and became a teacher and wrestling coach at Phoenix Country Day School. It was there that he decided to train for climbing Everest. He reached the top in 2001 and on his way back down, his guide told Weihenmayer, to "not let this be the greatest thing he ever does."
Since 2001, Weihenmayer has become a motivational speaker and a best-selling author. He started a foundation to inspire others to achieve their dreams and he continues to climb.


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The Rotary Club of Simcoe provides annually a minimum of one art scholarship for a graduating secondary student who is planning to enroll in interdisciplinary fine arts including visual, arts, fine arts, graphics, art history, film, photography, animation, web design etc. at a recognized post-secondary institution. The Watts Scholarship Committee aims to increase diversity in creative professions and foster a feeling of social and environmental responsibility. Recipients are therefore selected on the basis of their academic excellence, talent and their demonstrated commitment to give back to the community through their volunteer work. Financial need is also considered.
A minimum of one fine art scholarship is available to a graduating Norfolk County high school student. The scholarship is for one year. Awards are paid directly to the recipient's school to be applied towards tuition.
Applicant must be a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident and enrolled, or intend to enroll, in a full-time undergraduate program as per the above description.
- Attending a Norfolk County high school.
- Entering a recognized post-secondary institution with intent to study in interdisciplinary fine arts as per the description above.
- Admission to a recognized College or University as a full-time student for the upcoming Fall semester.
Download The Criteria/Application by clicking on either PDF or Word icon and submit by mail or email to the designated person by May 31.
Email Mike Cobb, Chair, the Dr. Gord Watts Fine Arts Scholarship Committee at email@example.com or The Rotary Club of Simcoe at firstname.lastname@example.com


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November is Native American Heritage Month!
We had a lot of fun researching some of the most notable and authentic Native American artists this month and discovered some amazing art! Our November Newsletter highlights a few of those we found particularly interesting. Not only was the art a treat to discover, but the individual stories of each artist were interesting and endearing. Learning about a culture by studying their art and artists is an enriching experience. The value of cultural art cannot be overstated. The history and belief systems that form the foundation of every culture provide invaluable information and insight into understanding our world. We must do all we can to protect and preserve art in all forms. Art is a record of history that cannot be replaced once it is gone.


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Joniece Abbott-Pratt
Patrick Ness
On a cold Sunday evening in early 1957, Sarah Dewhurst waited with her father in the parking lot of the Chevron gas station for the dragon he'd hired to help on the farm...
Jordan Ifueko
Nothing is more important than loyalty. But what if you've sworn to protect the one you were born to destroy?
Tracy Deonn
After her mother dies in an accident, 16-year-old Bree Matthews wants nothing to do with her family memories or childhood home. A residential program for bright high schoolers at UNC-Chapel Hill seems like the perfect escape - until Bree witnesses a magical attack her very first night on campus.
NYT Bestseller
NYT Bestseller
Tiffany D. Jackson
When legendary R&B artist Korey Fields spots Enchanted Jones at an audition, her dreams of being a famous singer take flight. Until Enchanted wakes up with blood on her hands and zero memory of the previous night. Who killed Korey Fields?
NYT Bestseller
Ever Cursed
Corey Ann Haydu
The princesses of Ever are beloved by the kingdom and their father, the king. They are cherished, admired.
... Cursed.
Flyy Girls
Ashley Woodfolk
Lux Lawson is on a spree. Ever since her dad left, she's been kicked out of every school that would take her, and this is her last chance: Harlem's Augusta Savage School of the Arts. If this doesn't work, Lux is off to military school, no questions asked. That means no more acting out, no more fights, and definitely no boyfriends.


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Hey all it's another deck of the week. We are rounding out the core set with one final deck – Spider-Man / Leadership. I know, I know, everyone and their Aunt May has a Black Cat voltron deck but hear me out – in this pocket of the multiverse Spider-man and Felicia are teaming up as bastions of crime. Cheat against those villains and grab extra cards from the top of your deck – just try not to discard your Backflips! Deck of the Week is going to transition to something a little more infrequent – it'll be a supplemental content piece that shows up here on the feed and on youtube – more of a "Deck KennedyHawk Played a Lot this Week".
It gives me more time to fine-tune and generate a quality deck – and placing them on youtube as well as here let's me use more visual aides. If you have any recommendations for DOTW be sure to reach out on discord/facebook/the social medias.
Decklist: https://marvelcdb.com/decklist/view/13691/black-cat-helps-spider-menace-pay-his-rent-1.0
Connect with Marvel Champions Monthly:
- Discord: https://discord.gg/epAzHdw
- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MarvelChampionsMonthlyPodcast/
- Twitter: https://twitter.com/MarvelMonthly
- Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/MCMPodcast
- E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
- Youtube: Link


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Ocean Drive connects with the affluent and the aspirational socially sophisticated resident and visitor, through a format that's uniquely fast-paced, modern, edgy, uber-local and highly relevant.
Ocean Drive will partner with GMCVB via a fully integrated, 3-month partnership program that will achieve the following:
- Provide GMCVB with a summer-long campaign to promote Miami Spice & Miami Spa among Ocean Drive magazine's qualified audience
- Reinforce GMCVB as an authority on Miami events & happenings, increasing awareness & traffic
Brand ads in Ocean Drive will ensure the GMCVB brand message is delivered to our affluent, sophisticated and culturally-astute readers
Custom, high-impact digital program will reinforce the GMCVB brand message to our engaged online readers beyond the pages of our magazines
GreenGale Publishing's lifestyle publications connect with the affluent and the aspirational socially sophisticated resident and visitor, through a format that's uniquely
fast-paced, modern, edgy, uber-local and highly relevant. Filtered through the highest standards of what's new, cool and need to know, keeping our reader always ahead of the
Spreads in Ocean Drive magazine ensure the GMCVB brand message is delivered to our affluent, sophisticated and culturally-astute readers.
- Ocean Drive magazine: paging in July/August and September 2017 issues
Ocean Drive will work in consultation with GMCVB to create and promote engaging online content to generate awareness of the Spice and Spa programs. The program will consist of 4 elements:
Ocean Drive will work closely with GMCVB to produce a custom content series, creating content that highlights the various offers, incentives and promotions during Spice and Spa.
Possible topics ideas could include a combination of (but are not limited to):
- Neighborhood guides to drive awareness to participating restaurants and/or spas by neighborhood
- "What you need to know about Miami Spice 2017: New Hotspots"
- "What you need to know about Miami Spa month 2017: New Treatments"
- "7 Spa Treatments to Unwind For Miami Spa"
- "9 Outdoor Dining Spots for Miami Spice"
Ocean Drive will ensure that the content is timely and relevant to our readers and resonates with your target audience. All content will be given prime placement in the homepage rotator for 1 week, and will contain custom CTA encouraging readers to visit miamiandbeaches.com.
GMCVB has the opportunity to reach our list of high-quality, opt-in subscribers via ownership of a monthly, custom e-newsletter, titled "What's Happening in Miami." The custom
newsletters will serve to highlight specific events and activities for the given month and will drive traffic to the sponsored content posts on the Ocean Drive website, as
well as to the GMCVB site. Custom newsletters will deploy at the beginning of each month during the Summer and will be fully owned by GMCVB.
All custom eNewsletters have optional a/b subject line testing, as well as unique send times per individual suscriber (based upon time of day that subscriber is most likely to open
email) to ensure maximum open rates.
Ocean Drive will further promote the sponsored content to our engaged followers via our dedicated social media channels, highlighting specific events and exclusive offers with two (2) social media posts per month.
GMCVB will receive ROS advertising at 33% SOV for eight (8) weeks during the summer program (utilizing 970x90 large leaderboard, 300x250 medium rectangle, 300x600 half page, and 728x90 interstitial with 468x60 and 320x50 mobile versions).
- Ocean Drive magazine: paging in July/August, and September 2017 issues
Print package commitment: $8,500 ($4,250/page)
- (6) sponsored posts, with 1 week placement in homepage rotator (content to be
determined after collaboration between Ocean Drive editors and GMCVB)
- (3) custom eNewsletters, with a/b subject line testing and individual user send time
- (2) sponsored Facebook posts
- (2) sponsored Instagram posts
- (2) sponsored Twitter posts
- (8) weeks interstitial ROS advertising, at 33% SOV (with 468x60 and 320x50 mobile versions)
- (8) weeks medium rectangle ROS advertising, at 33% SOV
- (8) weeks half-page rectangle ROS advertising, at 33% SOV
Digital package commitment: $19,500
Total Commitment $28,000
Through our strategic distribution model and significant investment in verified data from Nielsen Claritas, GreenGale Publishing is the only regional, lifestyle publishing company that is guaranteed to reach the sophisticated and affluent audience in each of our cities.
• Annual Household Income of $250,000 or More
• Income-Producing Assets of $750,000 or More
• The sites outlined in this proposal receive over 130,000 unique visitors a month, and generate over 270,000 pageviews.
• We maintain a strong social presence across the US, with 50,000+ Twitter followers, 73,000+
Facebook likes, and 68,000+ Instagram followers.
• We also have a strong email marketing platform, with 14,500+ opt-in email addresses.
• Our sites use a custom PHP backend, which allows us greater flexibility with custom content than our competitiors. Sites are fully scalable, and optimized for desktop, tablet, and mobile.
For further information, please contact:
Michelle Chala
[email protected]


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There's a Donald Rumsfeld quote that's referenced a lot in project management:
There are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns–the ones we don't know we don't know.
When estimating any task or project, you have to take all of these things into account. There are things you know will happen, things you know could happen, and things you never once considered might happen.
Use a factor of 1/4 the time as well as four times the time.
Think something will take four weeks?
Plan on it taking a multiple of four, so plan on 16 weeks.
Also be prepared using a multiple of .25, so plan on it possibly taking only one week.
One week to 16 weeks.
Be better at avoiding the planning fallacy.
• • • • •
This website is about our home health. To leave this site to read today's post on my mental attitude website, click here.
If you want to stay on this site and read more posts from this Blog, click here.


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Though prominent in industry news headlines, the market for smart home appliances, along with that for smart home energy management services, is still at a nascent stage, with mass market pricing, distribution and consumer adoption still a couple of years away, according to ABI Research. The market research firm forecasts that smart home appliance shipments will exceed 24 million units by 2017.
The number of major appliance manufacturers launching new smart appliance offerings at recent trade shows is a sure sign that market momentum is building up, however, according to ABI's "Smart Appliances — Connected White Goods in the Home."
"LG Electronics, for example, along with fellow South Korean appliance manufacturer, Samsung Electronics, are two of the first companies to have already brought a comprehensive range of smart appliances to market," stated Craig Foster, ABI senior analyst, home automation and M2M in a press release. "Whirlpool, BSH, Miele, and Electrolux are among the other leading players to have unveiled one or more smart products."
Supportive of a growing market for smart home appliances is the number of households with utility-provided Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS), which ABI forecasts will increase from an estimated 2.5 million households in 2011 to 36 million in 2017, according to ABI's "Utility-Provided Home Energy Management Services."
"In the early stages of the HEMS market, an almost unanimous perception existed that utilities would lead the way in terms of the deployment of these solutions. However, utilities are now widely considered to have acted much slower than many anticipated, allowing many other routes to market to develop," Foster commented.
Image courtesy of flickr user mhaithaca


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In 2020 the first Bieenial (every two years) independent audits are due for phase 2 entities (Lawyers/Conveyancers, Accountants and Real Estate Agencies)
Accountants and Bookkeepers are due to complete their audits by 01 October 2020 and;
Real Estate agencies are due to complete their audits by 01 Jan 2021
If you are a reporting entity Section 59(2) of the AML/CFT Act requires you to audit your AML Programme and Risk Assessment every 2 years.
There are a number of considerations:
Formed in 2017 we have assisted a number of phase 2 entities in the development and execution of their AML/CFT Programmes and are now assisting entities with their audit commitments.
With thousands of entities requiring audits in 2020 and potential capacity issues to complete we recommend booking your audit time now to avoid this issue.
Once the audit has been completed a draft report will be provided for review and commentary. The audit findings will be discussed and if issues are found recommendations provided to remediate.
To take advantage of this offer either call 021926683 or email email@example.com we look forward to assisting you.


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The Irish cellist Patrick Dexter, from County Mayo, has been giving regular performances outside in his backyard since the beginning of lockdown in March, playing music ranging from Schubert to traditional Irish folksongs.
For more videos of Dexter performing, follow him on YouTube.
Watch: Elton John's I'm still Standing – arranged for solo violin


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Ever thought of hiring a"Dallas Texas SEO & Digital Marketing Companies" Company and wondered what are the benefits of hiring an SEO & Digital Marketing Company, here are some answers.
In a world where almost everything has gone digital, it's important to keep up with and take advantage of technology, especially if you own a business. For your business to thrive, you need to get your
hands on an effective marketing strategy and model to keep it relevant to the public. You have to maintain engagement with your customers in all aspects digital or traditional. This is where an SEO digital marketing company comes in to help put your business on the map. Here are some service offered by Dallas Texas SEO & Digital Marketing Companies
What is an SEO digital marketing company?
What then is an SEO digital marketing company How is it different from traditional marketing agencies?
An SEO digital marketing company refers to a business that offers digital marketing solutions. These solutions include, but are not limited to, search engine optimization, social media campaign, and other digital marketing campaigns. It offers creative, innovative, and up-to-date solutions to achieve the client's marketing goal. SEO digital marketing companies such as Web-Marketing-123 usually offer service and tool packages that cover the needs of the clients.
An SEO digital marketing company is responsible for ensuring that the client's presence is felt across many different digital platforms, such as the World Wide Web, Facebook, emails, mobile apps, Internet TV and other video streaming services, and search engines. Its main purpose is to make sure the client appears on the top results and/or ranking on any digital platform. Given below are some products & services offered by Dallas Texas SEO & Digital marketing companies.
Products and services offered by top Dallas SEO digital marketing companies
Most Dallas Texas SEO & Digital Marketing Companies, are known to offer a wide array of digital marketing products and services, which include the following:
Questions you need to ask before hiring an SEO digital marketing company
Hiring an SEO digital marketing company to take care of your marketing needs requires a careful understanding of the provider's solutions, capabilities, and results. Reading reviews about an SEO digital marketing company as well as going through an in-depth study of the solutions they offer are the primary steps.
It's also critical to ask the right questions when you sit down with them. These questions will help you assess further their true capabilities. Their answers will help you decide whether they can deliver to each of your marketing needs.
The products and services offered by an SEO digital marketing company are all worth it depending on your marketing needs. There's no one-size-fits-all solution, but Dallas Texas SEO & Digital marketing companies offer a broad range of end-to-end solutions that always deliver to client needs.


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Obesity is the new headline these days, and it is not a hidden fact that so many people overeat. Though there is still confusion about the amount of food we should consume, we are aware of overeating dangers. Even with this issue, it is becoming increasingly easy to get food. Our jobs' tenuous entanglements and the time constraint in meeting deadlines prevent people from eating healthy food or even cooking.
With just a click on your phone, you can order your food online and get it delivered to you. Reviews are important, so read US food delivery service online reviews before you make that food order. These reviews are to help you form healthy opinions concerning the food companies you decide to patronize. On us-reviews.com, you can find reviews of many companies that offer various services ranging from automobiles, fashion, et cetera. Some reasons we overeat are;
A lack of a regular eating cycle
The rigors of our day-to-day experience make it really difficult to eat well. Most times, we rush out without preparing something to eat. Instead, we grab whatever we find and toss it down just to keep the body together. This scenario is the daily experience of most people. How often you skip meals, eat on the go, or eat while you are stressed out affects your body's regular eating and digestive process. With this irregularity in your eating habit, your body does not recognize when to eat. It, therefore, does not perform the digestive processes necessary to digest your food and absorb nutrients.
When you eventually eat, it takes a longer time for your brain to realize that you have had enough food, which results in you eating more than you should. It is best to create a regular eating timetable to coordinate your body and reduce these mixed signals. When you do this, you help your body to burn fat and digest food better. It is important to take your breakfast as your body needs the calories to function well. You should also avoid eating when you are ravenously hungry, as it can tempt you to eat more than you should.
Deficient nutrients in your meals
For our bodies to function correctly, it needs to extract nutrients from the food we eat. When the body needs more nutrients, it has a way of signaling this to us. If you eat meals that are not balanced regularly, your body will continually signal that it needs some nutrients that these foods cannot provide.
When the body gets the nutrients it needs, it signals the brain, which stops the hungry feeling until later. However, if you do not feed these nutrients to your body, you find that your body will continue to crave food, and you will continue to overeat. Foods that are high in carbohydrates are desirable and appealing to most people, but try to balance it out with proteins, fats, vitamins, and your cravings to overeat will fade away.
A lack of understanding of what the body truly wants
Many times, we assume that the body wants food, whereas it needs rest. Food can help make you feel calm for a while, but eating while you feel stressed is not a wise course of action, though it is a convenient solution. Depending on food for comfort can create some dangerous problems later, as your body depends on it, as it does when someone is addicted to a drug.
To ensure that you do not overeat, have a healthy eating lifestyle and an excellent social relationship. Since stress can cause overeating, activities like listening to music, reading, getting some alone time at the spa, taking a short walk, et cetera, can relieve it.


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How can Common Contractual Funds improve tax efficiency, cross-border distribution, and performance outcomes for asset managers and institutional investors?
26 January 2023
View on demand
We were delighted to welcome over 150 attendees to our recent webinar on Common Contractual Funds (CCFs). Over the course of 45 minutes, we looked at why the Common Contractual Fund is increasingly a must–have structure for institutional fund managers and investors with cross border investments, particularly global equity products. Here we summarise some key points – please see below for details of how to view the full webinar and speak to one of our experts about ways your organisation might benefit.
In 2019, a total of £56bn was invested in less tax-efficient funds by UK pension schemes, leading to lost income of up to £256m for DB pension schemes that year alone[1].
Our speakers and host
We were pleased to be joined by three expert speakers: Marie Coady, Tax Partner at PwC Ireland; Timothy Heffer, Managing Director at Storebrand Asset Management in the UK; Kevin Duggan, a Tax Director at Carne Group. Our host was Ryan Tully, a Business Development Manager with Carne Group.
Ryan opened by articulating how tax transparency is about ensuring that investors receive the beneficial tax treatments to which they have rightful entitlement under double-taxation treaties. These are investors who would otherwise suffer an unnecessary and unrecoverable tax penalty if they invested through a tax opaque pooled fund.
Our speakers then looked at the differences between tax transparent and tax opaque pooled funds. They highlighted the key benefits that tax transparent structures, particularly CCFs, bring to asset managers and owners. They also identified which institutional investors stood to gain the most from tax transparency: pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, insurance funds and, increasingly, family offices.
As they pointed out, asset pooling for cross-border efficiency is not new – we have had OEICS / SICAVS / ICAVS for many years – and various jurisdictions have authorised tax transparent fund structures. However, Ireland (along with Luxembourg) has become a leading centre for tax transparent fund registrations. Its Common Contractual Fund structure, which the Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) introduced in 2003, has proved so popular that there are now 48 umbrella CCFs with 200 sub-funds and around €130bn in AuM.
We are pleased to say that Carne Group is the largest operator of CCFs in Europe[2]. The AMX fund platform manages 16 independent sub-funds for third–party asset managers within CCF umbrellas.
Why does tax efficiency matter?
As Marie explained, this is about investors getting the same tax treatment that they could get if they invested directly in an underlying asset. In essence, a tax transparent fund allows tax authorities and fund administrators to 'see through' the fund to the underlying beneficiaries and apply the correct tax treatment to each one individually. This is an essential benefit for legally tax-exempt investors, such as UK pension funds.
A UK pension fund investing through a tax-opaque pooled vehicle could suffer 30% WHT on US dividends but would be entitled to a 0% rate in a tax transparent fund under the US/UK double-taxation treaty.
The benefits of tax transparency apply particularly to withholding tax (WHT) on dividends. However, Marie pointed out that it applies in some circumstances to capital gains tax (CGT). Kevin added that it could also apply to VAT, which portfolio managers often have to charge for services to segregated mandates.
It was interesting to see the results of our online polls during this webinar. You can see the full results when you watch the recording. However, the first one showed that Distribution and Tax were two of the major considerations for the audience when choosing a pooled fund structure.
Growing institutional interest in CCFs
Tim confirmed that Storebrand had recently seen increased interest in tax transparency from consultants and institutional investors. "The industry's understanding of the potential tax savings has not always been so high. However, the growing pressure on fees and expenses is driving the search for efficiencies in fund structures. As such, we find the potential savings are well received by investors."
Storebrand has seen this particularly in their Global ESG Plus strategy designed for a low carbon economy. The strategy has low fees, so tax efficiency is really important. Tim expects tax transparency to become an essential hygiene factor for managers looking to launch products for tax-exempt institutional investors, particularly where there are significant taxes on relevant asset classes.
Marie pointed out that CCFs, like other cross-border pooled-asset structures, provide efficiencies in terms of economies of scale, by reducing costs and risks. Kevin added that they also provide high standards of governance and that this was increasingly important for consultants when looking at ESG mandates.
There are now 51 CCFs with over 200 sub-funds and c.€130bn in AuM registered with the Central Bank of Ireland[3].
As Marie explained, one reason CCFs have proved popular is that CBI regulations restrict them to institutional investors (although you can link a retail feeder fund to them). This makes it operationally more efficient for custodians to apply the right tax rate. It also increases multi-jurisdiction distribution opportunities because tax authorities can see a clear link between the underlying assets and beneficiaries.
Setting up a CCF can be a complex process but there is a simpler way
Marie and Kevin set out the five basic steps to set up an Irish CCF. Essentially, the Central Bank of Ireland must approve the investment manager, the management company, the directors, the depositary and administrator, and the documentation. While it is possible for asset managers to host a CCF through their own umbrella, many understandably find it more convenient to partner with a third-party who has the suitable expertise and experience of the process, such as AMX.
Running a CCF is "operationally heavy", as Marie put it, because it involves all the administrative functions, including legal and operational, as well as nuances of co-ownership. In particular, onboarding requires institutional investors to document their tax status and entitlements. It takes a good working partnership between the fund managers and the administrators for this to work effectively.
As Tim explained, Storebrand chose AMX to run its CCF because it was more resource and time efficient, accelerating their speed to market while controlling costs. "We did not want to deal with the process of launching a CCF and we were delighted we didn't because it was not straightforward." Tim also stressed that despite AMX handling the client onboarding, this doesn't stand in the way of his team developing the relationships they want with their institutional clients.
Three key reasons for trustees and global equity managers to consider CCFs:
- Tax exempt investors don't suffer an unnecessary tax drag on their portfolio's performance
- Minimising tax risks and reducing costs for beneficiaries demonstrates good governance
- Tax transparency opens new markets by showing investors that they comply with local regulations.
Kevin concluded by pointing out that managers spend considerable time optimising operations to deliver better performance. It therefore makes no sense to ignore the opportunity for an easy win that can deliver a significant multi-year boost to performance. As more jurisdictions look at introducing taxes that target non-domestic investors and a wider range of assets, the need for tax transparency will only increase.
You can also download our CCF compendium here. Alternatively, please email Ryan Tully to find out how we can help your organisation benefit from tax transparent Common Contractual Funds.
[1] Source: Research conducted for AMX and Northern Trust by Broadridge Financial Solutions https://theamx.com/press-release/uk-db-pension-schemes-lose-up-to-250m-a-year-due-to-use-of-less-tax-efficient-funds [2] Source Monterey Ireland Fund Report 2021 [3] Source: Central Bank of Ireland Register, November 2022 https://registers.centralbank.ie/DownloadsPage.aspx For investment professionals only who are or who would be classified as (1) Professional Clients under the applicable FCA rules, and who, if they are US residents or citizens, are or would be qualified as "Qualified Purchasers" under the US Investment Company Act 1940 and "Qualified Eligible Persons" under the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission regulations and is specifically not intended for any other persons including persons who are or would be classified as Retail Clients under applicable FCA rules, or (2) current and potential investment managers of Carne Global Fund Managers (Ireland) Limited funds. For general information purposes only. Carne Global Fund Managers (Ireland) Limited and Carne International Financial Services (UK) Limited do not provide investment, legal, accounting, tax or other professional advice. The information is provided on a non-reliance basis; and no representation or warranty is made as to its accuracy or completeness. Carne Global Fund Managers (Ireland) Limited, registered in Ireland (No. 377914), registered with the Securities Exchange Commission as an Exempt Reporting Adviser (CRD 173794); and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as a Commodity Pool Operator, member of the National Futures Association, The Asset Management Exchange, AMX and AMX by Carne are trading names of Carne International Financial Services (UK) Limited. Carne International Financial Services (UK) Limited (registered in England, No. 11555138; authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority No. 823316; Australian ARBN. 648 201 610, and exempt from the requirement to hold an Australian Financial Services License under ASIC Class Order [03/1099]). Copyright © 2022. All rights reserved.
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Mark Manson made an excellent point.
How have they done that you ask?
By making all of you INSECURE.
They've made you guys insecure by putting girls up on a pedestal. How are you supposed to approach her when you don't feel gallant enough to fight her battles for her?
Unless you're out there fighting dragons?
Saving the fair damsel?
You just don't feel worthy of her.
So you whimper and walk away.
You would think this would be great for you girls but as Mark points out the effect is the exact opposite. Since Disney convinced the guys they are not worthy of you, your Prince Charming never appears.
When he doesn't appear of course?
Then you ALSO feel inadequate.
If no one is out there fighting to "win your heart?"
You must be "faulty" too.
Mark summarizes this whole thing by saying, "What a f*cked up way to go about finding someone to get naked with."
While he obviously emphasizes sex?
It is actually true LOVE that is evading you.
As long as you play into this narrative?
This tragedy will continue.
But there is a deeper reality here that you also have to come to grips with. If nature hadn't wired you for this fairytale, Disney could never had convinced you it's true.
The truth is your biology?
It is the central culprit.
The only way to truly make your "dream come true?"
You need to be smarter than your DNA.
I've been told by my friends that believing an old dog can learn a new trick is completely delusional. But I still keep hoping you can finally prove them wrong and come through.
The better way I'm holding out to you?
It's called Romantic Friendships.
Romantic Friendships "hack" the fairytale.
So you can create a more realistic "dream come true."
What do you say? Is it time to grab that dragon by the tale and banish him from your life forever or will you keep wishing upon a star even though your dream never comes true?
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In a region studded with numerous scenic lakes, Convict Lake is definitely worth visiting, for its drop-dead gorgeous setting, beautiful turquoise color, easy accessibility, and variety of fun activities on offer.
Convict Lake is indisputably one of the most stunning lakes in California.
Located just south of the town of Mammoth Lakes in the Eastern Sierra of California, picture-perfect Convict Lake is nestled at the base of towering mountain peaks, including the 12,241-foot Mount Morrison.
It looks sensational any time of day and in every season of the year. We love to visit at sunrise, when the mountains are reflected in the mirror surface on calm days!
Some links on this page may be affiliate links. If you click an affiliate link and make a purchase, we may receive a small commission, at no extra cost to you. For more details, refer to our disclosure.
Carved by glaciers, and located at about 7,850 feet above sea level, Convict Lake is oblong in shape and just under one mile at its maximum length. Parts of it are as deep as 140 feet, making Convict Lake one of the deepest lakes in the area.
Enjoying time at Convict Lake is one of the top things to do in Mammoth Lakes, and the lake also makes for an enjoyable stop on a Highway 395 road trip.
But not only is Convict Lake a stellar day trip destination, it is also a tranquil and scenic spot in which to vacation for several days.
Planning a visit to this scenic Eastern Sierra lake? Read on to discover the best things to do at Convict Lake, plus our suggestions for where to stay and eat.
The Fascinating History of Convict Lake
Things to Do at Convict Lake
Getting to Convict Lake in Mammoth Lakes, CA
Parking at Convict Lake
Where to Stay When Visiting Convict Lake
Where to Eat at Convict Lake, California
The Best Time to Visit Convict Lake
The Fascinating History of Convict Lake
Convict Lake was known to the Paiute Native Americans. They called it Wit-sa-nap. When Europeans came to the region, they named it Monte Diablo.
If you are wondering why the lake is today called Convict Lake, a series of events in September 1871 led to this beautiful lake getting its present name.
On the 17th of the month, a group of convicts escaped from Nevada State Prison in Carson City. The group included murderers and train robbers. Part of the group, led by murderer Charlie Jones, made camp in the area near the lake.
Billy Poor, a mail rider, accidentally chanced upon the camp as he was out delivering mail. Fearing that he would divulge their presence to the authorities, the convicts murdered Poor.
Angered by the murder, a posse went after the convicts, meeting up with them at Monte Diablo Creek.
In the shootout that followed, some convicts were killed, but so were Deputy Mono Jim and Wells Fargo Agent Robert Morrison from the posse. The remaining escaped convicts were all eventually caught and lynched or executed.
Following these events, Monte Diablo Creek and Lake were renamed Convict Creek and Convict Lake. The highest peak at the lake is named Mount Morrison, after Agent Morrison, and the nearby lower peak is called Mono Jim Peak.
An interpretive plaque near the bridge over Convict Creek describes the fascinating history of the lake.
Things to Do at Convict Lake
Go Boating on Convict Lake
Convict Lake Resort Marina offers boat rentals at Convict Lake. The marina is open from sunrise until sunset in season, which generally runs from late April until late October each year.
You can rent motor boats and different sizes of pontoon boats. You can also bring your own boat and launch it at Convict Lake.
Getting out on the water is a fantastic way to enjoy the beauty of Convict Lake. We saw families barbecuing and sunbathing as they cruised the lake in boats. Fishing from a boat is also a popular activity at Convict Lake.
We spotted a bald eagle hanging out on a tall pine on the shore as we cruised Convict Lake in a pontoon boat. The boat we chose had comfortable padded seats and a shaded top, and there was a pleasant breeze to temper of heat of midsummer.
Convict Lake boat rentals are extremely popular, and do tend to sell out, especially during the summer. Some visitors even rent boats for the day.
So if you want to enjoy a couple of hours (or more!) on a boat at Convict Lake, reserve in advance, or get up real early and arrive for the first slot of the day: it's the slot most likely to be available without a reservation.
Enjoy Stand-Up Paddleboarding or Kayaking at Convict Lake
Kayaking and stand-up paddleboarding are other exciting ways to get out onto the water at Convict Lake. You can enjoy the beautiful surroundings as you paddle, or drift idly, on the beautiful lake.
While you can paddle Convict Lake as a fun activity on its own, we saw folks fishing from kayaks and canoes as well.
The Convict Lake Resort Marina offers rentals, or you can bring your own kayak or SUP boards. Kayaks and boards can be launched at various spots around the shore of Convict Lake.
Fish Convict Lake
Fishing is a hugely popular activity at Convict Lake. We've seen people fishing from the shore, from float tubes, from boats and canoes, and from the bridge over Convict Creek.
The 170-acre Convict Lake is stocked with rainbow, German brown trout, and brookies, and is considered one of the best fishing destinations in the Eastern Sierra. Even if you do not catch anything, it is a super scenic place to hang out with a line!
With a long fishing season that starts on the last Saturday in April and ends in mid-November, and easy access, anglers flock to Convict Lake to test their skill. Convict Lake holds two fishing derbies annually, one each in the spring and fall.
Fishing at Convict Lake comes under the auspices of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. You need a fishing license for sport fishing in California, and you have to follow California fishing regulations.
Swim or Catch Some Rays at a Beach
There are several beaches around the shore of Convict Lake, a couple of them that are good-sized and popular places for beach activities like swimming and sunbathing during the warmer months. The shore is pebbly and rocky, so water shoes are advised.
There are also numerous smaller spots around the shore of Convict Lake where you can access the lake and have a quiet place to relax and enjoy the water and the sun.
The two largish beaches we saw are located along the eastern shore and the southeastern shore. Both beaches were busy on the summer afternoons we visited Convict Lake.
Arrive early to snag prime spots for the day or to enjoy the water in relative quiet, or join in the lively activity in the afternoons.
Bring beach chairs so you can sit in the shallows with your feet in the cold water in summer, and swimsuits and towels if you want to enjoy a dip in the clear waters.
There are picnic tables along the east shore and a picnic area on the south shore, if you bring a picnic meal to enjoy at the lake.
Convict Lake's clear cool waters are great for swimming, whether you stick close to the shore or venture into deeper waters. If you choose to swim, watch out for fishing lines and hooks, and keep a sharp eye out for boats.
Walk the Trail Around the Shore of Convict Lake
One of the most popular things to do at Convict Lake is walking the trail around the shore of the lake. On good weather days, expect to meet lots of other hikers on this trail during the day.
The Convict Lake Loop Trail is about 2.5 miles long, and you can hike it clockwise, starting at the bridge over Convict Creek, or counter clockwise, beginning at the boat launch ramp.
The Convict Lake shore trail is classed as relatively flat and easy by Eastern Sierra standards, and we saw hikers of all ages walking the trail when we did the loop, including older folks and families with young kids.
You can also just do the paved portion along the eastern shore.
The trail is extremely scenic, and you can look for wildlife and birds as you walk, and enjoy wildflowers and fall colors in season. We saw two bald eagles and a number of other birds when we did the trail in July.
The wild roses were done for the year, but crimson columbines and other wildflowers were still blooming.
There is a boardwalk over the creek at the far end of the lake that may be difficult, or impossible, to cross in early spring when snow melt causes the water level to rise. Exercise caution if you walk the trail during such time.
Dogs on leash are permitted on the Convict Lake loop trail.
Venture into the Back Country
More adventurous seasoned hikers can access the John Muir Wilderness from the trailhead at Convict Lake, whether for the day or on longer overnight backpacking trips.
The rugged and strenuous Convict Creek Trail leads to Mildred Lake, Lake Dorothy, Lake Genevieve, Lake Edith, and Laurel Lakes. The initial climb is steep, the terrain is rough, there are multiple stream crossings, and sections have been washed out.
If you have the appropriate vehicle (4WD), you can drive up Laurel Lakes Road to Laurel Lakes and start your hike from there to the other lakes in the area. The scenery is fabulous, and you won't have to deal with the steep initial climb.
Overnight trips into the Eastern Sierra backcountry require permits. There is a quota for backpacking Convict Creek Trail, so reserve your spot well ahead of your trip.
Photograph Sunrise at Convict Lake
Convict Lake is one of the most gorgeous sunrise photo spots in the Eastern Sierra. As the sun rises, the light paints the top of the mountains behind the lake. The light gradually washes over the mountains, creating an unforgettable scene.
On still mornings, the water at Convict Lake is like glass, resulting in stunning reflections of the mountains, rocks, foliage by the shore, and the occasional early morning boat out on the water.
If a great sunrise is in the forecast, you must arrive well before sunrise to secure a coveted spot for your tripod on the east shore of the lake, along the bridge over Convict Creek. This is the perfect spot from which to capture the sun painting the mountains.
While sunrise is considered the perfect time to photograph Convict Lake, it makes a great subject other uncrowded times of day as well. The earlier you arrive, the better your photos will be, because the water starts rippling as the wind kicks up.
Go Horseback Riding at Convict Lake
Want to explore the Sierra on horseback? Convict Lake Resort offers horseback rides at the lake, operated by Rock Creek Packing Station. The two-hour rides are perfect for beginners or intermediate riders.
Horse rides start at the horse corral on the east side of the resort, and traverse the north shore of Convict Lake. You will dismount at a stunning meadow located by Convict Creek at the far end of the lake, to enjoy an included drink and snack.
Two rides are offered each weekday, and three on each weekend day, in season. Call the resort and reserve in advance to secure your spots.
Look for Bald Eagles (and Other Birds)
If you enjoy birdwatching, bring your binoculars and zoom lens when you visit Convict Lake: several species have been spotted here, including the majestic bald eagle.
At each of our four visits to Convict Lake in July, we've spotted bald eagles, sometime more than one.
You may see them flying over the lake or against the mountains, but you may also see them roosting on the pine trees along the east shore.
Don't forget to scour the tops of these trees as you walk the trail or cruise the lake.
With its striking white face and yellow beak, the bald eagle is a magnificent sight and much-coveted by birders visiting the lake, but you may see other birds at Convict Lake as well, especially if you walk the trail around the lake. Brewer's blackbirds and American robins are common.
Walk the trail early in the day and you will hear the calls and songs of several species, and possibly see them as well: mountain chickadees, Clark's nutcrackers, dark-eyed juncos, warblers, and sparrows, and even osprey and gulls in season.
Look for Wildlife
Mule deer are a common sight around Convict Lake. We saw a herd of about 10 to 12 mule deer grazing on the hillside by the resort one morning, and a single deer when we visited the restaurant at the resort one evening.
Smaller animals, such as squirrels, pine martens, pika, and marmots can be seen through the day. You may see the occasional black bear, especially early or late in the day, and the Convict Lake area is also home to mountain lions.
The larger mammals usually try to avoid humans, but if you plan to hike in the area, especially in the early or late hours, it is a good idea to read up on safety around wildlife.
Enjoy Wildflowers in Spring and Summer
In the spring and early summer, the shore of Convict Lake bursts into color as several species of wildflowers put on a show along the trail that runs around the lake. In some years, you may see wildflowers in bloom even late into the summer.
We saw lots of California wild rose around Convict Lake, especially along the eastern shore. By the time we visited in July, we only saw hips, but it must have looked spectacular when the roses were in bloom earlier in the season.
We did see lots of crimson columbine, as well as red paintbrush, purple lupine, and pink phlox. Earlier in the season, you will find more wildflower varieties, so bring a wildflower guide and a good lens if you like to identify and photograph the wildflowers you see.
Admire Leaf Colors in Fall
Fall is a breathtaking time to visit Convict Lake. The air is crisp, and the shore is alight with color if you visit around or at peak, which generally occurs in early October.
Willows fringe the shore of the lake, and there are lots of aspen trees along the shore as well. So you will see a range of foliage colors in the fall, from bright pure yellow to ochre, orange, red, rust, and burgundy, depending on when in the season you visit.
Early in the morning is a fabulous time to enjoy (and photograph) the fall color at Convict Lake. When the water in still, the colors reflect in it, offering an added dimension of enjoyment.
Dine at the Restaurant at Convict Lake
The Restaurant at Convict Lake is considered one of the top fine dining spots in Mammoth Lakes, and with good reason. The food is so good we dined here twice during our most recent Mammoth Lakes stay.
Everything we ate at the Restaurant at Convict Lake was delicious, but we especially loved the baked brie en croute appetizer. The duck and the beef Wellington were superb, as was the pasta with Manchego cheese.
Sadly, we were so full each time that we did not get to try the desserts, which are supposed to be fabulous as well.
Reserve your table a few days in advance: the restaurant is popular and was filled to capacity each time we ate there. The Restaurant at Convict Lake is open for dinner each evening, and there is a lounge for drinks as well.
Getting to Convict Lake in Mammoth Lakes, CA
Convict Lake is one of the easiest alpine lakes you can access in the Eastern Sierra. The lake is located a few miles south of the town of Mammoth Lakes, and a scenic paved road leads right up to the shore.
From Mammoth Lakes and points north, take US 395 South to Convict Lake Road (see map). Turn right onto Convict Lake Road and drive two miles to arrive at the lake.
From the south, take US 395 North to Convict Lake Road, which comes up right before the Mammoth-Yosemite Airport. Turn left and follow Convict Lake Road about two miles to its end.
You can't drive all around Convict Lake, but you can drive right up to it and a little ways along the eastern shore.
Parking at Convict Lake
There is quite a bit of parking at Convict Lake, but you may still find it difficult to get a spot during the day in season. Parking for the marina is located right by the marina, and the spots here tend to fill up quickest.
More day use parking is available along the road that runs along the east shore of the lake, and in the day use parking lot on the east shore, which also accommodates large vehicles like RVs and trailers.
Parking at Convict Lake is free. Arrive early to be sure of a spot, especially on nice-weather days in season!
Where to Stay When Visiting Convict Lake
Given that Convict Lake is located so close to town, you can stay in Mammoth Lakes and visit the lake for the day. But if the idea of a vacation at Convict Lake appeals, you can stay by the lake as well.
Convict Lake Campground is open between late April and late October, coinciding with fishing season at the lake. The campground is located by Convict Creek, very close to the lake, and the surroundings are scenic and tranquil.
The campground offers 88 sites, and tent, trailer, and RV sites are available, although there are no hookups. Some sites have views of the lake. Book at recreation.gov well ahead of your planned visit.
Convict Lake Resort offers cabins of various sizes year round, from cozy studios to lodges with several bedrooms. You can book directly on the resort website.
Where to Eat at Convict Lake, CA
The Restaurant at Convict Lake is a fine dining option for dinner close to the lake. The restaurant offers superb food in a comfortable ambience, and casual attire is acceptable. It is open all year long.
Aspen Grill is open for breakfast and lunch everyday during the season. Vegetarian options are sparse to non-existent.
You can also bring a picnic meal to enjoy at one of the picnic tables along the shore of the lake.
The Best Time to Visit Convict Lake
You can visit Convict Lake any time of year: it is beautiful in every season. For the widest range of activities, however, visit between spring and fall.
Visit in late spring or early summer, once the lake is fully thawed, to enjoy wildflowers at their peak along the trail around the lake.
Fishing season begins in late April. In the spring, you may still see snow on the mountains that surround the lake, making for beautiful photos.
Later in the summer and into early fall, you may not see snow on the mountain peaks, but the mountains exhibit stunning colors and textures when bereft of snow, creating a gorgeous backdrop for the turquoise waters of the lake.
In the fall, Convict Lake offers outstanding fall foliage: it's one of the best places to see fall colors in the Eastern Sierra, as well as being easy to access. In fact, in our opinion it is one of the top spots for fall foliage viewing in California!
The weather is still generally suitable for hiking, although you may need to bundle up, especially early or late in the day. Fishing season at the lake continues into early to mid November, so the marina stays open until then.
In winter, you may find Convict Lake frozen and the surrounding mountains blanketed in snow, creating a breathtakingly beautiful scene. The trail around the lake is not maintained in winter, and many services shut down for the winter.
Planning to explore more of the Eastern Sierra? Check out some of our other detailed Sierra Nevada and Owens Valley travel guides and articles!
- Driving Whitney Portal Road
- Visiting Hot Creek Geological Site near Mammoth Lakes
- Mono Lake Tufa Towers: Where to See Them
- Driving Tioga Road Through Yosemite National Park
- What to Do at the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest
- Driving the Scenic June Lake Loop
- Visiting the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area
- Exploring Devils Postpile National Monument
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Athlete | Football
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Selected 3rd overall in the 2021 NFL Draft, Trey Lance is an American football quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers. He played college football at North Dakota State, where he received the Walter Payton and Jerry Rice Awards in 2019 en route to winning the FCS NCAA National C...hampionship. Seen as the future face of the 49ers, Trey loves interacting with his fans. Talk live one-to-one with the future Hall of Famer now! Show more
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by John
(Stony Brook, NY)
A while back I wrote in telling my tale of hundreds of phone calls made by my wife to the guy she was so desperately in love with 25 years ago. After months of agony and denial by my wife I decided to get to the bottom of it. I called her scum bag "friend" who was also married and left him a message to meet me at a specific location at a specific time or I was going to tell his wife. Well guess what happened? He sure as hell showed up! Trying to talk me down from it. Guilty! He knew all the specifics of my marriage. It was so obvious. He spoke to me like I was garbage and even used terms like "I know your wife longer than you do" Can you imagine. What did I do? I made a B line for his wife, served my cheating wifes ass with divorce papers and moved out!
Now ther both truly screwed. His wife through him out, put the house up for sale and my ex is on the bread line( My kids have aged out so she gets no child support).
As for me. I met a beautiful woman a few months later who treats me like a king. I love her and would do anything for her. I am the happiest I have been in years!
The moral to the story here is to empower yourself and fight back. Make sure those who caused your pain share in the agony THEY created. If we all do this all you cheaters out there will consider the consequences of your actions and think twice.


text: Raghuram Rajan was one of the few economists in the world who warned of the global financial crisis before it hit. It is now tempting to blame what happened on a few greedy bankers who took irrational risks. But, as Rajan argues in his book Fault Lines, serious flaws in the economic system are also to blame. He also warns that a potentially more devastating crisis awaits us if they aren't fixed. Rajan shows how the individual choices that collectively brought about the economic meltdown – made by bankers, government officials, and ordinary homeowners – were rational responses to a flawed global financial order in which the incentives to take on risk are incredibly out of step with the dangers those risks pose. The deepening fault lines have to be traced back to a world overly dependent on the indebted American consumer to power global economic growth and stave off global downturns. He shows that America's growing inequality and thin social safety net create tremendous political pressure to encourage easy credit and keep job creation robust, no matter the consequences to the economy's long-term health; as well as the issue that the U.S. financial sector, with its skewed incentives, is the critical but unstable link between an over stimulated America and an under consuming world. Rajan finally demonstrates how unequal access to education and health care in the United States puts us all in deeper financial peril, even as the economic choices of countries like Germany, Japan, and China place an undue burden on America to get its policies right. Now India's central bank governor, Rajan has promised to carry out a "dramatic remaking" of the country's banking sector as he seeks to introduce a new era of competition in Asia's third-largest economy. He said there would be an expanded role for foreign banks, more licenses for domestic companies and a push to shake-up the state-backed lenders.. There could be new wholesale banks, mobile phone companies carrying out banking activities, small banks, (currently not allowed), and/or co-operative banks. The measures are part of what could become one of the most far-reaching attempts to free India's banks from the morass of state controls, introduced after Indira Gandhi nationalized many private banks when she was prime minister in the late 1960's. The root causes of the crisis (until 47.21')


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A new chapter of Riders of the Plastic Groove
Donation protected
We are expanding Riders of the Plastic Groove from being more than just a radio show on KUCI.
Would like to become a 24/7 on line streaming platform featuring many djs from the show.
Basically giving them a platform to have a weekly show of their own.
I also need to repair and update the gear that I use for Riders of the Plastic Groove.
We will also be coming to you live from Martinsville, Virginia, starting at the end of October 2022.
Dennis Simms
Martinsville, VA


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Friday, September 09, 2022
Page 1 Roundup (09/09)
2 comments:
- Sean D said...
I am a longtime fan/reader of your site, but was disappointed to see how you chose to cover the death of Queen Elizabeth II. I am an Irish-American, which causes me some pause in praising the British establishment, but I do think its hard to criticize someone who devoted themselves selflessly to public service their entire lives, including an unprecedented visit to the Republic of Ireland. We should also remember that many countries still have monarchies and divide the duties of head of state (monarch) and head of government (prime minister) in a common sense act of checks and balances. The USA is the odd man out for choosing to combine these two positions into one not-so-democratically elected office.
My late father and mother would be aghast at the attention given to this woman in the US, the one whose ancestors forced my Irish ancestors from their own country, sending them to Canada where the English Canadians posted signs, wherever there was hiring for men, saying "No Irish Need Apply".
My dad had to leave home (Toronto) at the age of 16-17 to go to the western wilderness of Canada, and do hard labor on farms for pitiful pay, on which he supported his widowed mother and the other six kids.
And then, he went into the Canadian military to fight for the freedom of the English in WWI. Irony.
He was able to eventually get himself into the US, where he worked at menial jobs then found a 'draftsman' job, at Detroit Safety Pipe company, after teaching himself drafting -- from Library books.
And some time after, got his US citizenship, as did my mom, though later. (She was busy raising kids soon after arriving in the early twenties.)
Not bad for a guy with a fifth grade education, no thanks to the royals of England, the ones who took his folks' Irish land for themselves after they evacuated thousands of the Irish to other places, like Australia, Canada, New Zealand, where the oppression continued under the monarchies of the English.
That's just a bit of my remembered history. I still cannot celebrate any of the royals whose ancestors, simply put, stole, plundered, killed, banished, oppressed, etc. many thousands of folks and took over governing their lands. And that includes lands in Africa and Asia -- like all of India.
No celebration of Liz here. She lived a life without paying taxes, had multiple paid-for furnished homes, servants around the clock, and traveled at no expense to her. I just don't get it ... all this ado.
The networks seem to have increased viewer watching numbers for this 24-hour coverage. That's capitalism. - 5:31 PM


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The September issue of the Postil, contained an interesting article by Valentin Fontane Moret about Ernst von Salomon, seen as a revolutionary, a conservative, a lover. By chance just that month I published in Italy a book about the withdrawal of the Freikorps from the Baltic, and that article made a small bell ring in my head. Thus, I'd like to underline some aspects related to those facts. It could be useful in order to get a better focus on von Salomon and his environment in 1919, because those facts are often perceived as a sort of clash between Right and Left, between Europe and Communism; and, anyway they are the facts which make of him both a revolutionary, and somehow a conservative, if he was a conservative, of course.
The first point I'd like to discuss is a statement by Fontane Moret: "Dominique Venner was able to describe this mythical epic as a nihilistic adventure." Was it really so? I mean, to von Salomon it was surely an epic adventure, but in itself, by itself, was it so? And was it nihilistic?
There are some aspects we must take in consideration. The history of the German occupation of the Baltic Eastern coast is not so well known beyond the Baltic countries. In the general mind it relies upon, or better, it is heavily affected by, Venner's book Baltikum. Venner in fact depicted the German occupation as a mythical epic, and rendered it familiar to an entire generation of Right-winged young men, the Western European generation of the late 1970's. As a result, a wrong perception of those old actions arose among that youth, and the young men of 1978 thought of those German fighters as heroes desperately fighting for German and European traditional values against the mounting barbaric, blindly violent wave of the Slavic threat from East.
A first point needs to be underlined here—in von Salomon's mind, the difference is between the men and—literally, I quote him—the "white negroes." These two words used by von Salomon in person when in his book Die Geächtenen—The Outlaws—he spoke of his further commitment in Upper Silesia with his comrades. They went there to defend German civilization threatened by a plebiscite to decide if the region had to remain German or pass to Poland; and he tells the reader that he, and his comrades agreed with the British privates in despising the soldiers of the other peacekeeping forces – French and Italians in that case (hence, as an Italian, I'm included, and I wonder whether Venner realized that, as a Frenchman, he too was included)—looking at them as at racially inferiors. Basically this was the same mind von Salomon applied to the Balts, and to the non Germans he and his comrades fought against in the Baltic; only, he depicted them as merciless barbarians.
Second point: how long did that mythical epic last? Not that long, actually. The first Freikorps were established in early 1919, and reached the Baltic area in March. The last left Lithuania by December 13th that same year 1919; hence in the very longest case, they remained in the Baltic countries eight months and half. This, of course, can be enough to build a myth, and to generate a mythical epic, for there is no rule about how long an enterprise must be to became mythical and epical.
But was it really so? I mean, this was von Salomon's perception, or, at least, the way he later portrayed it. But did the other fighters really share von Salomon's vision, or not? Who were they? The answer is not easy.
The Myth and the Reality
There was no standard of the German fighter in the Baltic. There were all kinds of people. It is true that many of them later joined the Nazi Party, but—warning—to be a Baltic veteran did not mean that one became a Nazi later, because many veterans simply did not join the Party. For instance, Gotthard Sachsenberg, a pilot and one of the best-known officers of the Freikorps, never joined the Nazis and had a lot of troubles from 1933 till 1945. Moreover, it is wrong to think that whoever was a German conservative later joined the Nazis, because—what is normally forgotten—Nazism was a leftist ideology, just like Fascism in Italy, whose roots lay in Socialism.
In the 1930's, Nazi propaganda emphasized the Freikorps, and underlined their will to fight against the barbarians; but if we look carefully at the entirety of the fighters, the fight against the barbarians did not cover everybody's reasons. To be complicated, these probably were some of the reasons of some leaders, and some soldiers, but surely these reasons were not shared by all the combatants.
For example, we rarely have only one reason to do something. Normally we are pushed by different aspects, some of them may be more relevant than others, but rarely, or never, do we act because of one reason only. The same happened to the members of the Freikorps. Because of various studies, we know who they were, and what did they thought, after von Salomon in person, who on page 67 of the Italian first edition in 1943, wrote: "There were in the Baltic, many companies, regulated corps under self-confident leaders, regularly enlisted, who marched obeying severe orders; hordes of restless adventurers who looked for war, booty and disorder; patriotic corps who did not resign to the ruin of the motherland and came to defend the borders against the breaking-in red torrent.
There was also the Baltic Landwehr, enrolled by the nobles of that region, willing to save at any cost their seven centuries of tradition, their consistent, refined culture and the Eastern bastion of German lordship; there were German battalions composed of peasants who wanted to colonize: they were ground-hungry, they sniffed the earth, calculating the resources which could be offered by that harsh soil. But troops ready to fight for the order, there were none. The great number of words gave everybody the certainty that they too would receive a minimum of reward and hope, an attractive goal."
So, there were idealists, there were outlaws, there were people who did not like to go back to the civil daily life based on a monotonous and hard work, and there were the poor men, who, when civilians, were fatigued from dawn to the evening, and could hardly survive. How many were there of the latter? Which ratio they were in the total?
Von Salomon just told us: "There were… companies…. who marched obeying severe orders; hordes of restless adventurers… battalions composed of peasants who wanted to colonize." A horde can be big or small, but normally is not that big; a company is smaller than a battalion—normally you need from four up to six companies to compose a battalion—and if the "disciplined" soldiers, let us say the idealists, composed companies, the peasants composed battalions, hence the peasants were the absolute majority. Why?
The situation in Eastern Prussia, being Eastern Prussia it was the most similar area to the Baltic countries due to history, geography, economy and, above all, due its landlords and their estates.
In the last quarter of 19th century, agriculture in Eastern Prussia was less and less convenient. Bismarck did his own best to support agriculture. He increased and made easier to get State credits, and kept high taxes on foreign products, especially on wheat and corn, to protect Prussian agricultural economy.
The situation balanced, but, in the last years of the century, agriculture became less and less profitable, and many landlords preferred to sell their estates, and reinvest the money in the financial market or in industry. On the other hand, many workers abandoned the countryside, and moved to cities, looking for a factory job. The life conditions of the lower classes were so bad that more than five and a half million Germans emigrated to North America between 1820 and 1920, with a yearly maximum of 250,000 in 1882, not to speak of those who went to South America or to Africa.
Basically, by the end of 19th century, a great Prussian landlord often spent for his farms more money than he got from them. On the other hand, getting a small property was seen by the lowest class as a way to escape poverty, but a way prevented by an obstacle—the money needed to purchase the land.
In 1890 Bismarck resigned. This opened the way to the supporters of free market, and to industrialists. The new chancellor von Caprivi ended protectionism, and agriculture was heavily affected.
By the end of World War, I big Prussian and Baltic landlords perceived their land properties as a source of troubles. It was possible to live exploiting them, but if one could sell them for a good price—especially in a period when cash was scarce—and if in the Baltics one could keep properties or sell them without being killed by the incoming Bolsheviks, that would be best of outcomes.
On the other hand, small farms could give poor families a better life, especially during the post-war crisis; and that's why the Freikorps were filled with people attracted by the promise to get lands in the Baltics.
True or not, the Freikorps soldiers knew that when the Letts lost Riga, and Mitau, their troops would oppose the Bolsheviks, thanks to German help, holding a weak line around Windau, as von Salomon wrote later: "Ulmanis' Latvian government escaped from Riga to Libau, and nonetheless promised land to be colonized to the German volunteers: eighty morgens of land, relevant credits and a better wage if they re-conquered those cities."
A Morgen—a morning—was the land one could work in half a working day; more exactly it was two third of a Tagwerk—the "work of one day"—and, besides of all the kinds of Tagwerk existing in history along the Baltic coast, in 1869 the Northern German Confederation stated it to be 2,500 square meters, and if including Prussia with the Baltics, it could be up to 2,700; hence 80 Morgens meant a no less than 20 hectares—or 60 acres—land to each veteran; that is to say, not too bad a bad farm, for free.
Because of that promise the Freikorps fought; because of that promise they re-conquered Riga and Mitau; because of that promise further volunteers engaged in one of the 16 recruiting centers scattered everywhere in Germany, and came to the Baltic as reinforcements; because of that promise they were the tools used by Winnig to try to achieve his plans.
Winnig was a high-ranking Reich official, the Superior President,\; that is to say the governor of Prussia. He was a Social-Democrat and had a plan in mind. Just to make a long story short, basically he wanted to organize a German State separated from Germany, including Prussia and the Baltic countries, in order to keep German values alive there. He thought that if none of the new countries born after World War I had been regarded by the Allies as co-responsible for what Germany and Austria-Hungary had done, the same could probably be applied to a new German State, which was not the German Reich. No matter how unlikely this plan was, at that time the Baltic barons, who were linked to German culture, and were the landlords especially in Latvia and Lithuania, found the plan interesting; as well, the highest ranks of the German Army in the Baltic also found the plan interesting. So, in Spring and Summer 1919, German regular troops, enhanced by the incoming Freikorps, helped to expel the Bolsheviks, to save the interests and properties of the Baltic barons and to achieve the Winnig plan.
At the beginning, the Allies in Paris had so many troubles everywhere that if the Germans kept the Reds off the Baltic, it was fine. But then, in early Summer 1919, they realized how many well-armed German soldiers were there—50,000, that is to say half of the German Army as foreseen by the Peace Treaty—and decided it was better to recall them; and because they were still holding some territories that Germany had no right to claim, unless they held on these territories until the day the Versailles Treaty would be ratified.
The German War Minister Noske was asked by the Allies to call the regulars back to Germany, and he did. But the more the regulars left, the less the volunteers accepted to leave. Why? Because to most of them the core of the question was the land they expected to get, and how they could get it if they went back to Germany?
By the way, in the harsh days of the German revolution in winter 1918-19, Noske relied heavily on the Freikorps. But when the revolution was over, he did not know what to do with all those armed men, who, being war veterans, knew quite well how to fight. Having no idea, in early Spring 1919, he was happy to silently allow them to proceed to the Baltics, where Winnig—belonging to his same party—was furthering his plan. And all went well till the Allies also demanded the volunteers be recalled, and Noske had no other option. He tried to recall them, but the reaction was quite bad. On August 24th, 1919—according to von Salomon's account—Josef Bischoff, commanding the Iron Division (a lieutenant colonel from the reserves)—appeared at the Mitau station, and, in the general confusion, prevented the departure of the first train carrying the 1st Courland Infantry Regiment back to Germany.
Then Bischoff came to an agreement with the White Russian units in Lithuania, and his men now served came under General Bermondt-Avalov's Tsarist colors. But a problem remained—who would pay for needs of the Iron Division? Their supplies, wages and so on? And who would pay for the other Freikorps?
By September the Letts and the Lithuanians were trying to eject the Germans from their countries who did not want to leave because they were collecting the harvest and sending ut to Germany—a way to survive through commerce—and they were also getting horses, and food. In Latvia the Germans were still before Riga, and kept Lithuania which, being between Latvia in the north and Prussia in the south, was vital to get military supplies and ordnance from Prussia.
Clashes against the Germans occurred in Latvia and Lithuania; and the whole population—supported by the British—was against the Freikorps. Why? Because no matter what one may now think, the German speaking population in the whole of the three Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) hardly totaled 10 percent. And what about the "Germanic" culture, the Germanic soil and so on? Well, the landlords, the Baltic barons, the civil officials, they all shared a certain German flavored culture. They spoke German—and Russian, and the local language, whatever it was—no matter if those lands had been part of the Russian empire, and if many of them had served the Czar against the Germans in the just ended World War. So, what von Salomon implicitly admitted when mentioning the "bastion of German lordship," and did not explicitly say in his work, was that he and his comrades were fighting on non-German soil, and against the population that soil belonged to, just and only to keep the interests of the small German speaking minority, composed of the landlords, and of the Baltic barons, and just to get the 60 acre farms each soldier had been promised by the Letts, if they ejected the Reds, and that was it.
There is not that much myth in this, I'm afraid—besides the artificial myth built by von Salomon who, probably, believed honestly the stories they told him, and refused the rational result of what his eyes saw, and his ears heard: people did not speak German there, and that was not a German land, no matter if the German knights had built Memel castle in 15th century. It was not Germany and it had never been Germany.
The Epic and the Reality
On November 12th, 1919 a group of five Allied officers entered the castle of Koenigsberg, the capital of Prussia, to meet Winnig and the local military commander, General von Estorff.
The Allied officers composed the Interallied Commission for the German evacuation from the Baltic countries, and their task was to let all the Germans go home, not only the regulars—all, Freikorps included. The Commission was chaired by a French division general, and included an American, a British, and an Italian brigadier, and a Japanese major. Before long, they got Winnig to realize that his plan was over—no German military could remain in the Baltics; and that meant the end of the dream of a Germanic state which was not Germany.
It would be long and boring to explain how the Commission succeeded and achieved its task. What is important is that by November 28th the evacuation of the Germans belonging to the Freikorps began, and was hurried by a Latvian offensive—mentioned by von Salomon—pushing them from Southern Latvia into Lithuania.
There were fights, of course, between the Letts and the German rearguards. And, before retreating, the Germans damaged as much as they could, and stole as much as they could, as the Commission then recorded. The Latvian government later presented a bill, listing a 283 million Reichsmarks total damage, and Noske, and the Imperial Chancellor Bauer were notified of the huge amount of damages that Germany had to pay back to Latvia and Lithuania.
The Commission enforced the end of the fight. In a few days they obtained a cease-fire by the Letts, Then they convinced the Lithuanians to not engage the Germans further; otherwise, they explained, how would it be possible to get them to leave?
So, by December 4, 1919 no further action was carried out, and the Germans were free to leave. As one can see, up till this point the epic combat lasted six days, and it seems not to have caused huge casualties on both the sides. There were casualties, of course, but a few, because the Commission asked both the Latvian and the Lithuanian government not to further engage the Germans, to avoid any pretext the German headquarter in Prussia could exploit to send reinforcements. The Commission was obeyed; the fights ceased, and the Germans left.
In that moment they were more or less around the small Lithuanian city of Siauliai, a railway hub, 123 kilometers south of Riga, and that was the longest distance the Freikorps marched along, and sometimes fighting—123 kilometers and no more.
One may wonder, how is it possible that if the Freikorps Rossbach is remembered for its glorious 1,200 kilometers march from Thorensberg, now known as Torņakalns, a suburb of Riga—to Berlin? Good question. But during their withdrawal, as soon as they reached the safe zone protected by the cease-fire, they were embarked on trains, and went back to Prussia—that is to say to Germany—by train. Hence, they marched only a bit more than 120 kilometers, and then they made a 1,080 kilometers trip, almost all in the German homeland, and mostly on the German railways to Berlin. Free. So, it is true that they marched from Riga; it is true that they went to Berlin; it is true that the distance between these two cities is 1,200 kilometres (actually the shortest is 1,044, but no matter: they did not go via the shortest route). But I'd say that later the data was a bit worked on to make it sound more epic. The Iron Division refused to use trains, and marched from Siauliai to the Prussian border—134 kilometres. But after leaving Siauliai on December 4th, they faced no threat and were never engaged in a fight.
Can we consider a trip by train epic? Perhaps, if there are some unexpected facts—e.g., as happened in the Far-West—yes, but unfortunately that trip happened without any inconvenience, not to speak of fighting, and with all the precision Whilelmine Germany was famous for; hence no delay, no incidents; regular trip at regular speed; not that epic, and very middle-class style, I'd say.
At this point, one should wonder if that adventure was really nihilistic as depicted by Venner, not to speak of the myth, and of the epic; and it will be useful, I'd say, to underline some aspects.
The first is how dangerous it is to rely on myths instead of on history; not on stories; on history; that is to say on facts. As you have seen, facts were a bit different from the way the story was later told.
A second aspect is how dangerous the myth is, because it misleads a lot of people. I do not know how much Baltikum was responsible for the errors made by many who were young when I was young, but I know for sure that it gave them a distorted vision of some facts, which it would have been better not to emphasize.
There is a problem here, a problem born of the misperception of Nazism, purposely seen only as a sort of somehow conservative ideology, aimed at keeping Western civilization (carefully not mentioning some small details as the Nuremberg laws and their consequences), and engaged in a mortal clash against Barbary and the dark forces—the Communists—who wanted to destroy the civilized world and its values. Well, it was not so; it never was so. In short, Nazism was not conservative. It attracted the German conservatives; it involved them; but it did it so only to destroy them and their potential opposition. Nazism and Communism were basically the Hegelian Right and Left; thus, two arms of the same creature. Thus what difference could there be between the two?
But this misperception (among other things) of looking at the German campaigns in Russia since 1941 as at the fight of the Western values against the Barbarian East was—and is—misleading, and wrong on may counts. It's wrong because it is based on racial difference; hence it puts among the barbarians all the Slavs—including a highly civilized, and cultured people like the Poles, a real pillar of the West, always. It's wrong because it focused exclusively on the Germans as the only keepers, and protectors of the Western civilization, which, with all due respect to Germany, is not right. It is wrong because it misled, and still misleads, thousands, tens of thousands young people in Europe, and out of Europe toward those wrong opinions, letting those people happily pass over a not so negligible fact—had the Nazis won, a huge ratio of those young Nazi supporters would have been considered as subhuman, because they do not belong to the German race, and it is not enough to feel pro-Nazi to be accepted by the Nazis. One is accepted in a group not because he or she feels alike, but is accepted because the members of the group assess his or her standards, and decide whether these standards suit their own standards or not. And, being the standard in this case only a racial one… you may realize the result.
Last, and worst, the narrative of the Freikorps in the Baltics was deprived of its actual aspects; thus no Winnig plan, no quest for a farm, and for a quiet family life, but a heroic clash, artificially and purposely built, in order to create the root of a political myth, to be exploited later by the Nazis as a heritage, and a legacy. And, grounding on that heritage and on that legacy, we have seen the Nazis doing terrible things.
So, I wonder, shouldn't we stop considering von Salomon, his book, and Venner's Baltikum as part of conservatism and its values?
Ciro Paoletti, a prominent Italian historian of military history, is the Secretary General of the Italian Commission of Military History. He is the author of 25 books, and more than 400 other smaller works\, published in Italy and abroad, and mostly dealing with modern and contemporary Italian military history and policy.
Featured: Freikorps Berlin Landeschutzenkorps Recruiting Card, 1919.


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If you hurt – you are alive
It seems like everyone have figured thing out. Other people's lives seem easier and more comfortable than yours. Just because they were born in the right country, the right family – the life has move opportunities for them. You start feeling sorry for yourself. Coming out of the shithole, you had to fight for everything. Hard work or jail – were my only two ways out. The third one is always on a back of my mind, but that's a dead end.
Seeing others live better than you make you feel that you're wasting your time. Why not me? Maybe I don't deserve? Maybe I am not good enough? Maybe I should just stop fighting and trying? Maybe I should just go with a flow as my photographer friend? Get myself a PlayStation and put down the blinds. Fuck sport, diets, work, ambition. What if this is the life I deserve and there is nothing more to it? What if instead of resisting, just accept it? Maybe then I'll find stillness and fulfillment?
Accept everything that happens in your life as a game. To move on to the next level of the game, you have to pass this challenge. It will never be easy. The stronger you get, the bigger the obstacles get. I am tired of fighting…
Suffering comes from thinking that we deserve much more than we already have. What if everything that we have is exactly what we deserve? Accept and be grateful. The life was meant to enjoy, so stop fighting.
The sooner you learn life's lesson, and the faster you'll figure it out, the sooner you will move to another level. Again, once level higher – it will not be easier. Remind yourself of the past – the easy times. You had a job, money, relationships, possessions… You wish to get those things back, but you forgot that you wasn't happy then either. WTF is wrong with you? You was always looking for a challenge. Now you've got the challenge, so why do you complain? The life had given you a great opportunity to grow, but now you are bitching that its too hard. Instead of embracing the suck and diving in, you look around and compare yourself to others.
You are an idiot. You live your life as if you had an infinite amount of time on this planet. If not, why do you waste it on these emotions and feeling sorry for yourself? There is no time. There are no spectators to feel sorry for you. No one cares about you, so you might as well be happy. If not, why living? There is no grey zone. You either happy or not. You either live or die.
If you hurt – you are alive.


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The Full Moon View
Tortuga Cottage is perched on the hillside, overlooking the Coral Bay harbor. On the deck, we have a couple of chairs, a hot tub that looks out onto the bay, and seating that wraps around the deck. This provides for a great place to relax and enjoy the beauty of the full moon. The next full moon is April 11. We have the last week of high season (April 9 to 16) open which we will rent at the low season rate. So $1540 rather than $2100. Hope it works for someone! #villarentalcoralbaystjohn #vacationrentalstjohn #stjohnhomerentals


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Last week we touched on the idea that transferring skills from the virtual world is a multi-stage process. Now, in the next stage, we want to achieve transference to the child's daily contexts at home / kindergarten / school to ensure improvement of function. We can accomplish this by: 1. Empowering and enhancing the child's feeling of competence to increase self-esteem and willingness to try new experiences – breaking the avoidance cycle. We know that feelings of success in the virtual game … [Read more...]
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Nike England Authentic Match Home Jersey 22/23 (White/Blue Fury/Blue Void)
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Raglan sleeves are shaded in gradient blue hues on the new 22/23 England home jersey by Nike. The "Blue Fury" and "Blue Void" colors feature smaller graphic prints on the inside of them, but they're not footprints, they're claw marks. The Three Lions roar into action on the world stage this year with one of the strongest teams they've ever fielded. With a white base and blue trimming on the sleeves, this is the kit they'll announce themselves to the world in.
Product Code: dn0623-100