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"How many plants can I fit into this particular grow setup?"
We hear this question a lot, especially from first-time growers hoping to make the most of their space.
It's an understandable question. You know the plants are going to get bigger, so you can't cram containers together. But you also don't want to lose an opportunity for maximum yields.
The first thing to understand is that there is no exact equation for the "right" number of plants for your space. The size of your plant is variable depending on the amount of time spent in veg. The longer you veg, the larger your plant will be before switching to flower (unless you are growing auto-flower plants). Some growers prefer very large plants and might only have one plant per light in a 4X4 space. Other growers prefer a "Sea of Green" approach with many small plants in the same space 4X4 space. Most growers prefer something in between these two extremes with around nine plants in a 4X4 grow space. This will give you about one square foot per each plant. Auto-flower plants will always be the same size as they do not have a veg period. Auto-flower plants will flower automatically based on a fixed time schedule. The size of auto-flower plants will depend a lot on the specific strain.
Obviously, the number of plants you grow will depend on the amount of grow space you have available. In an open room with a high ceiling it is possible to grow very large plants similar to outdoor. In a grow tent you need to be careful that the plants do not grow too tall and get too close to the lights. It is generally not a good idea to have plants crowded together where leaves are touching or plants are shading each other but this is not always possible in smaller spaces.
But in all honesty, you should consider more than just the amount of space available to you when deciding how many plants to grow.
We're going to make this really simple with a step-by-step guide for determining the best number of plants for your grow setup. Each step will help you narrow down the possibilities.
Let's start with the non-negotiable consideration.
Step 1: Find Out if There are Legal Restrictions for Your Grow Setup
The laws regarding both home and commercial grows are relaxing all over the country. Nevertheless, most states still enforce restrictions on cultivation.
For example, California law dictates that home growers can cultivate no more than six plants intended for recreation. In the case of medicinal marijuana, you are free to grow in a 100-foot area of your residence.
In Alaska, each adult over the age of 21 is permitted to possess up to six plants. However, only three of those plants can be flowering at one time.
Restrictions for a commercial grow setup can be even more complicated.
So, before you decide how many plants you want to grow, check to see what your local laws say. Then work from that number.
Step 2: Measure the Size of Your Grow Room or Tent
Next, consider the measurements of your grow room, grow tent, or grow facility. Determine how many plants you can reasonably fit without crowding them.
A general rule of thumb is to allow one square foot for each plant. That's a minimum unless you use the Sea of Green method. Allow extra space if you want your plants to grow bigger than that. Pay attention to how much space you have above the lights. Most plants will double in height once they are flipped to flower. This might be less with many indica strains or more with many sativa strains. You don't want your plant to grow into the lights where they will get light burn.
Step 3: Determine How Much Effort You Want to Put In
If your goal is to grow professionally, you can probably skip this step. If you want to turn a profit, effort is a given.
On the other hand, if you're creating a home grow setup, your level of interest in this hobby should come into play.
The more plants you have, the more time you'll spend transplanting, monitoring and caring for your plants each day. If you have your space really packed, you may also find the work more frustrating, as it's harder to reach the plants in the back.
However, if you expect to enjoy the time you spend on cultivation, a larger crop can be the more rewarding choice. It really depends on how much you want to put into this endeavor.
Step 4: Consider Your Harvest Goals and Priorities
The number of plants you grow influences not only the process of cultivation, but also the outcomes. Here are a few helpful questions to ask yourself:
Am I Eager to Get to Harvest?
The larger the plants you have, the longer the grow cycle takes. This is because those few larger plants need extra time to grow in veg, develop, and fill out the available space.
If you want to get through veg and onto flower faster, you should grow more smaller plants.
Do I Want Higher Yields?
If high yields are a top priority, go with the maximum number of plants. Between a higher volume of buds and a faster harvest, a high volume grow setup pays off bigger and sooner. You may also get more harvests per year with shorter veg times.
This can especially feel like a victory when you consider the resources that go into it. You get more bang for your buck in terms of equipment costs, energy consumption, and time.
Do I Want Variety?
If you want to experiment with different strains, you have to grow more plants.
However, it should be noted that different strains often have different needs in terms of nutrients, irrigation, and light intensity. So, diversifying your crop requires a little extra work and attention on your part.
Step 5: Check the Capabilities of the Light You Chose for Your Grow Setup
Do you know the footprint of your grow light? This should be a top consideration. If you grow more plants than your grow light covers, you are going to have a disappointing harvest.
Say, for example, your grow setup is a tent with a single LED lamp providing a 3' x 3' coverage area. You cannot grow more than nine average size plants in that space with that grow light. Even if you see light fall outside those perimeters, it is not quality light.
Having an even light spread throughout the canopy is crucial for getting optimal results. In fact, lighting in general is one of the most important considerations when it comes to achieving high quality indoor grows.
If you haven't chosen a lighting system for your grow setup yet, let your desired number of plants help you narrow down your lighting options.
Also consider the future of your grow setup when researching grow lights. Even if you only want to start with a few plants to get a feel for the process, you may want to expand later. Select a lamp that gives you room to grow.
If you'd like help finding the right light for your grow setup, we can help. California LightWorks has a wide selection of premium LED grow lights for personal, commercial, and greenhouse applications.
Our team is always happy to answer your questions and help you find the best solutions for your setup. Reach out anytime.


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R.J. Barrett made a career-high seven 3-pointers and scored 32 points, and the New York Knicks snapped a three-game skid, beating the San Antonio Spurs 121-109 on Tuesday night.
"Things may not be going well and, all of a sudden, you take a charge, get to a loose ball, you get a tip from behind, you get a block," Knicks coach Tom Thibodeau said. "That could ignite you and all of a sudden you get an easy score, a couple of easy buckets and now you find your rhythm and things change quickly in this league. They can go from being terrible to being great real fast and vice versa. You've just got to keep going."
Alec Burks scored 18 points, Immanuel Quickley added 16 points and Julius Randle had 15 for the Knicks, who won at San Antonio for the first time since Jan. 2, 2014.
"Heck yeah, we needed that," New York center Mitchell Robinson said. "We needed that win bad. We're desperate right now."
Derrick White had a season-high 26 points along with six rebounds and seven assists for the Spurs, who have dropped two straight after a season-long three-game winning streak. Dejounte Murray added 15 points, seven rebounds and seven assists.
"That first game, being a back-to-back, after a road trip, we knew that would be tough energy-wise," San Antonio coach Gregg Popovich said. "But I thought we competed our (butt) off. Guys gave their effort. I was really happy with that."
The Knicks were 18 for 38 on 3-pointers, with Barrett going 7 for 8.
Barrett said he's feeling "a lot better" after suffering from a stomach bug for two weeks.
"It was annoying, but I tried to do my job to the best of my ability no matter what," Barrett said.
Barrett, who finished 11 of 20 from the field overall, made two 3s during a 10-2 run that gave New York a 13-point lead midway through the third quarter. The Spurs briefly got within nine points in the fourth but couldn't trim the lead any further.
"I think the defense was really, really focused on Julius," Barrett said. "They were doubling on him every time he had the ball and we just moved it. We moved it and I was able to knock them down."
New York took advantage of the Spurs' smaller lineups, out-rebounding the Spurs 56-49 and enjoying a 21-8 advantage in second-chance points.
San Antonio got even smaller when starting forward Keldon Johnson exited early in the third quarter with a sprained right ankle. Johnson was injured with 1:21 left in the first half after stepping on Poeltl's foot. He started the second half but appeared to be in some pain before heading to the locker room.
Popovich said X-rays on Johnson's ankle were negative.
Thibodeau started Nerlens Noel at center instead of Robinson, who had started all 20 games he had played previously this season.
"We feel really strongly about both guys," Thibodeau said. "We just wanted a different look. Those guys are interchangeable, just go as hard as you can for as long as you can and then the next guy comes in and does the same thing."
Robinson had 11 points and 14 rebounds in 22 minutes. Noel had two points and nine rebounds in 26 minutes.
Robinson endured a scare when he injured his back with 56.4 seconds left in the third quarter after an awkward landing. He went flying after his legs were clipped when Spurs center Drew Eubanks dived for a loose ball.
Robinson stayed in the game but said he was in pain afterward. He walked gingerly into and out of the interview room.
"The ground ain't never lost," Robinson said.
Knicks: New York had lost seven straight at San Antonio. Carmelo Anthony and Iman Shumpert each had 27 points to lead the Knicks in their previous win. ... New York is 7-4 on the road but entered having lost three of four away from home.
Spurs: G Devin Vassell missed his third straight game with a bruised right quadriceps. ... The Spurs entered Monday having played the fewest games of any NBA team. That will change quickly as the Spurs play five games in seven days. ... San Antonio is 4-7 at home and has not had a winning record at AT&T Center since winning its season opener.
Knicks: At Indiana on Wednesday.
Spurs: Host Denver on Thursday.

subset: commoncrawl


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Mary Ann Cotton: Female Serial Killer of the 1800s
Mary Ann Cotton was an English serial killer convicted of poisoning her stepson Charles Edward Cotton in 1872. She supposedly did it using arsenic, a terrible poison that causes intense gastric pain and results in a rapid decline of health. He was not her only victim as it is likely she also murdered a total of twenty one other people, including three of her four husbands, eleven of her thirteen children, and other relatives and friends.
Mary Ann was born on 31 October 1832 at Low Moorsely, a small village in north east England, to staunch Methodists, Michael Robson, a colliery sinker, and Margaret Londsale. Two years later Robson and Londsale had another girl who died a few months after birth. They then had a boy born in 1835 whom they named Robert. When Mary Ann was about five, her family moved to the village of Murton, a rural agricultural hamlet in County Durham. During her childhood Mary Ann was described as "exemplary" and regularly attended the Wesleyan Sunday School in Murton. It was also said of her that "[she] was regarded as a girl of innocent disposition and average intellect."[1]
Five years after the family moved to Murton, Robson died in a work accident in February 1842. It happened when he fell down a narrow 300-foot mine shaft. His body was returned to his wife in a wheelbarrow inside a sack stamped, "Property of the South Hetton Coal Company." Unfortunately, the cottage where his widow and children lived belonged to the mining company and so probably to avoid eviction, within a year or so, Lonsdale married another miner named George Stott.
When Mary Ann was sixteen, she left home and became a nurse in the nearby village of South Hetton working for Edward Potter, a manager at Murton Colliery. She also trained as dressmaker. Then, in 1852, at the age of 20, Mary Ann married a colliery pitman and laborer named William Mowbray. They then moved to South West England and had six children. The birth of a daughter named Margaret Jane was recorded but none of the deaths of the other children she bore were registered even though it was required at the time.*
Mary then had two more daughters and a son. Her husband died in January of 1865 from an intestinal disorder in Sunderland. Mary Ann collected £35 from British and Prudential Insurance upon his death. She had also insured the lives of her children and had collected some money for those deaths too.
After Mowbray died, for a short period Mary Ann moved to Seaham Harbour, County Durham. There she had a relationship with Joseph Nattrass. However, she eventually returned to Sunderland and met and married her second husband George Ward in August 1865. He was an engineer at the Sutherland Infirmary.
By this time only one of Mary Ann's nine children was still alive. Ward then died on 20 October 1866 after suffering several months of illness characterized by paralysis and intestinal problems. The coroner recorded the cause of death as English cholera and typhoid. Mary Ann again collected insurance money for Ward's death.
A month after Ward's death, James Robinson, a shipwright, hired Mary Ann as a housekeeper. He then got her pregnant. In the meantime, Mary Ann's 54-year-old mother fell ill in the spring of 1867 with hepatitis. Mary Ann immediately went to Seaham Harbour to help her and although her mother began to recover, she complained of stomach pains and then died nine days after Mary Ann's arrival.
In the meantime, Robinson and Mary Ann's relationship continued and he married her at St Michael's, Bishopwearmouth on 11 August 1867. Their first child was a girl named Margaret Isabella. She was born in November but became ill and died in February 1868. Their second child George was born on 18 June 1869.
After their marriage, Mary Ann began to insist that Robinson get life insurance. This made him suspicious and then he discovered that she had run up debts of £60 and that she had stolen more than £50 from him. In addition, he learned she had been forcing his older children to pawn household valuables. That was the last straw and he threw her out and retained custody of their son George.
Mary Ann was desperate. She had nowhere to go and was living on the streets. Fortunately, her friend, Margaret Cotton, introduced her to her brother, Frederick Cotton Sr., who lived in Walbottle, Northumberland. He was recently widowed and worked as pitman. Margaret was acting as a substitute mother to his children, Frederick Jr. and Charles, but then she got ill and died from an undetermined stomach ailment. That left Mary Ann to console the grieving Frederick Sr. In addition, she had gotten pregnant by him and was now carrying her twelfth child. On 17 September 1870, she committed bigamy when she married him at St Andrew's, Newcastle Upon Tyne. As Mary Ann Cotton she gave birth to their son, Robert, a few months later, in early 1871.
Mary Ann learned that her former lover, Joseph Nattrass, was living in the County Durham village of West Auckland and was no longer married. She wanted a relationship with him and persuaded her new husband to move to West Auckland. She then secretly rekindled her romance with Nattrass.
Frederick Sr. died in December of 1871 from "gastric fever." After his death, Nattrass soon became Mary Ann's lodger, and, in addition, she also gained employment as nurse working for an excise officer recovering from smallpox. He was named John Quick-Manning,** and she became pregnant by him with her thirteenth child.
Like she had done earlier, Mary Ann Cotton had taken out life insurance policies against Frederick Sr. and his sons. Frederick Jr. died in March 1872 and her infant son, Robert, soon followed. Nattrass also became ill and died after he revised his will in favor of Mary Ann. The only life insurance policy still awaiting collection was for Charles Cotton.
Mary Ann came under suspicion after she was asked by a parish official named Thomas Riley to help nurse a woman who was ill with smallpox. At the time Riley was also serving as West Auckland's assistant coroner. Mary Ann told Riley that to nurse the woman she would need him to commit her stepson Charles to a workhouse.
"He refused to give such order, and [Mary Ann Cotton] then strongly complained of having to support the child. She made this complaint several times. On one occasion she stated that she could have been married to her late husband's brother, but for the child, and, after saying so added, 'But he won't live long; he shall go like all the rest of the Cotton family.' [Riley] said, 'You don't mean to say that a healthy boy like him will die?' but she replied, 'Oh, yes.'"[2]
Five days later Mary Ann Cotton informed Riley that Charles had died. Riley was suspicious and went to the village police and convinced the attending doctor to delay writing a death certificate until the circumstances could be investigated. Mary Ann not realizing that a death certificate had yet to be issued went to the insurance office and discovered that no money would be paid out until a death certificate was forthcoming.
In the meantime, Riley raised suspicions with authorities about Charles' death and an inquest was held. Mary Ann Cotton claimed during the inquest that she used arrowroot to relieve her stepson's illness, and in addition she alleged that Riley had made false accusations against her because she had rejected his advances. Her story seemed credible and the jury returned a verdict of natural causes. However, Riley continued to insist that Mary Ann Cotton was guilty of murdering her stepson.
In the meantime, a local newspaper became interested in the story and began to investigate. They quickly discovered that Mary Ann Cotton had moved around northern England. They also learned that she had suffered many losses including three husbands, her mother, a friend, a lover, and eleven children. Moreover, nearly all those who had died did so from sort of stomach related illness. Suspicion and rumors then gave rise to a scientific investigation by Doctor William Byers Kilburn.
He had attended Charles while he was ill and had kept various samples taken from the boy. These were tested and it was discovered that they contained arsenic, the same poison used by the Frenchwoman Madame Marie Lafarge to kill her husband. Kilburn then went to police and Mary Ann Cotton was arrested and charged with murder.
Authorities procured an exhumation of Charles' body and a trial date was set. However, because Mary Ann was pregnant, the trial was delayed until she delivered her thirteenth child in the Durham Gaol on 10 January 1873. It was a girl whom she named Margaret Edith Quick-Manning Cotton.
When the trial began the prosecution was led by Charles Russell. He was assisted by Mr. Greenhow, Mr. Bruce, and Mr. Trotter. They called several of Mary Ann's neighbors as witnesses. According to The Halesworth Times and East Suffolk Advertiser, witnesses gave rather unflattering portraits of Mary Ann Cotton. They also "stated that the prisoner alone had tended the child [Charles] during its illness, and several bore evidence as to the violent usage which the child had been subject to at the hands of the prisoner."[3]
Mr. Campbell Foster and Mr. Part were responsible for the defense of Mary Ann Cotton. After Kilburn testified and reported finding arsenic in the boy's body, Foster asked him what color the wallpaper was in the child's room because it was around this time that Paris green and Scheele's green were being linked to arsenic poisonings. Thus, the defense was, trying to suggest that it was the wallpaper that killed him and not Mary Ann giving him poison:
"Kilburn stated that it was not green, and that even had it been he did not think death could be caused by it. He had read of arsenical poisoning by wall-paper, but he felt dubious as to whether death could be thus produced."[4]
Dr. Scattergood of Leeds College of Medicine also received samples of the boy's stomach and viscera. He examined these and testified for the prosecution. Scattergood's findings and conclusions were then reported by The Halesworth Times and East Suffolk Advertiser:
"The stomach contained nothing in the shape of food except a minute bit of onion skin; but on applying the best scientific tests for analysis, he found it contained arsenic. There were traces of the same poison in other parts. … The appearance of the body pointed to repeated doses of the poison rather than to a large dose at any one time. … From two to three grains of arsenic would be sufficient to kill an adult, and about half that quantity would cause the death of a child. … From the appearances he had seen … he had come to the clear and undoubted opinion that the deceased died from poison by arsenic."[5]
When the defense questioned Scattergood, he admitted that he had heard of wallpaper "being injurious" to someone's health, but he also stated that he had never heard of anyone dying from it. He also testified that floating particles could be inhaled but that only a small amount could be diffused from wallpaper, an amount which he did not believe could be lethal. In addition, Scattergood also commented about soft soap and arsenic being used by the housekeeper to clean the house and the bedstead in the boy's room and admitted to the defense that if Charles was playing in the room were the arsenic had been used and that if he was eating something that dropped on the floor, he might have eaten some arsenic particles. However, when re-examined by the prosecution, Dr. Scattergood stated that nothing changed his mind about Charles having been poisoned by arsenic.
Kilburn and Scattergood also spoke about the similar symptoms displayed by the three other persons that Mary Ann Cotton was accused of murdering – Nattrass, Frederick Jr., and Robert. The doctors noted that in all cases arsenic was found in each body. In addition, the prosecution attempted to show that Mary Ann was the only person who attended to each of the deceased persons.
On the second day of trial the Dundee Courier reported:
"As on the previous day, the interest displayed in the proceedings was remarkably keen … The jury appeared none the worse for their enforced seclusion, but they were not deprived of the privilege of learning the intelligence of the day, many of them having procured copies of the morning newspapers, which they perused in the box until the re-opening of business. The prisoner again paid close attention to the evidence, and was noticed on more than one occasion to smile at some passing allusion to her supposed intention of marrying the lodger Nattrass, or the chance of becoming the wife of Mann, the exciseman. On the whole, however, her demeanour was most becoming and consistent with a real appreciation of the fearful position which she occupies; and throughout the day her whole mind seemed to be directed to the matter which is invested with such a painful interest, not only as regards herself, but even to the general public."[6]
The trial lasted three days before the jury went out to deliberate. It took them an hour to return and pronounce Mary Ann Cotton guilty. She took the news stoically. However, when the judge sentenced her to death, she was "quite overcome."
After Mary Ann Cotton was convicted, many people were upset that she was able to freely murder people and claim insurance money. That resulted in various discussions about ways to stop such abuses. One suggestion stated:
"The proper method to stop this secret system of murder would be by placing severe legal restrictions on the sale or assignment of policies, and by preventing the purchase of them by strangers, who can only have an interest in the death of the insured at the earliest possible period. Further, no person insuring the life another should be permitted to claim after death a larger sum than would represent his lawful recoverable interest in the life of the insured. … The trial and conviction of [Mary Ann Cotton] … brought to light another fact, namely, the great insecurity of life in this country owing to the perfunctory manner in which some medical men discharge an important duty in filling up certificates of the causes of death. With fully-marked symptoms of arsenical poisoning, these sudden and violent deaths were registered, one after the other, as gastric fever! … The success of this criminal depended, first, on the facilities for insuring the lives of other … and secondly, on the carelessness with which causes of death are certified."[7]
The execution of Mary Ann Cotton at Durham Gaol was well publicized. The night before her death she reportedly "slept well." She rose at twelve minutes after six the morning of 24 March 1873 and shortly thereafter a reverend confronted her having noticed some discrepancies in her statement. He urged her to give a true confession, but she maintained a "sullen reserve" and stated that although she had administered the poison, she had not done so intentionally.
The procession to the scaffold started from the pinioning room at three minutes to eight. It was reported Mary Ann was "ghastly pale" as she walked. However, she proceeded with a firm step and with her hands clasp together. She prayed aloud all the way to the drop where the executioner, William Calcraft, received her.
He put a white cap over her head. As prearranged his assistant adjusted the rope and then a few moments later he pulled the bolt causing Mary Ann Cotton to drop and "after a few convulsions the body was motionless."[8] Simultaneously the under-sheriff, Mr. R. Bowser, reacted because he "fainted … and had to be supported by two warders."[9] In addition, to indicate the execution had taken a place, a black flag was then hoisted above the prison.
Mary Ann Cotton was dead, and it did not take long for Madame Tussaud to determine that she was evil enough to be placed in the Chamber of Horrors where the wax figures of other murderers were on display. Mary Ann's wax figure soon sat alongside such murderers as François Benjamin Courvoisier (who murdered Lord William Russell), Charlotte Winsor (better known as the "Baby Farmer" because of her murder of a servant girl's infant) and the two infamous Edinburgh Murderers, William Burke and William Hare (who committed a series of murders to sell bodies for dissection). Moreover, Madame Tussaud's 1880 exhibition catalog stated of Mary Ann:
"The series of cold-blooded murders for which this wretch was hanged on the morning of Monday, March 24, 1873, are crimes against which no punishment in history can atone for. The child she rocked on her knee to-day was poisoned to-morrow. Most of her murders were committed for petty gains; and she killed husbands and children with the unconcern of a farm-girl killing poultry. The story of her crimes is still fresh in the public mind."[10]
*Part of the reason the children's births were not registered is because the law was not enforced until 1874.
**His name may have been Richard Quick Mann.
- [1] The North-Eastern Daily Gazette, "A Celebrated Poisoning Case," August 22, 1889, p. 4.
- [2] The Halesworth Times and East Suffolk Advertiser, "The West Auckland Poisonings," March 18, 1873, p. 2.
- [3] Ibid.
- [4] Ibid.
- [5] Ibid.
- [6] Dundee Courier, "The Wholesale Poisoning," March 8, 1873, p. 3.
- [7] A. S. Taylor, The Principles and Practice of Medical Jurisprudence: By Alfred Swaine Taylor, The Principles and Practice of Medical Jurisprudence (Philadelphia: Henry C. Lea, 1873), p. 645.
- [8] Western Times, "Execution of Mrs. Cotton the Great Poisoner," March 28, 1873, p. 2.
- [9] Chelmsford Chronicle, "Execution of Mrs. Cotton," March 28, 1873, p. 7.
- [10] Madame Tussaud and Sons' Exhibition, Exhibition Catalogue: Containing Biographical & Descriptive Sketches of the Distinguished Characters which Compose Their Exhibition and Historical Gallery (London: B. George, 1880), p. 41.


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Assess the Current System
Low code platforms offer many benefits over traditional enterprise software deployments. Most importantly, low code platforms allow development teams to focus on the business needs of users to achieve faster transformation, decrease operational costs, and improve organizational agility. In fact, "the top three business goals cited for implementation are achieving cost savings (46%), improving performance metrics (46%) and improving efficiencies in business transactions (40%)." Stats here.
Oftentimes, people get so wrapped up in attaining these benefits through switching platforms, they haven't analyzed what improvements would help their current system. Performing this evaluation will help guide the design and implementation process for customers and consultants. Without doing this, it's going to be difficult to know the value of the new system you're implementing.
Here are some kick-starter questions we like to ask clients to help discover the root of performance problems.
Does your system ever experience technical performance issues?
If yes, when is that occurring? Do your users have to wait around for processing to complete or get locked out of the system due to crashes?
Different issues relate to different problems. Understanding the performance metrics you have will help your team set your goals for the next system. Performance issues include a user interface that is querying too much information or a system that's not equipped to handle a certain number of users.
What metrics are you using to measure your system?
How many tickets or cases are you completing in a day? How long on average does it take for your users to complete specific processes?
These answers speak to your organization's priorities and what should be the focus for improvement.
Are there any processes that could be improved by automation?
Repetitive tasks that use up a lot of employee time are always a common fit. Automation is designed to make an end user's life easier and speed up processes.
Take action.
Asking these questions and using the answers to fuel your action plan is critical. If you don't have the resources or capabilities within your organization to conduct a deep-dive analysis, it's best to get a consultation from an experienced team who can understand your organization (such as your processes, metrics, current system) to provide the best low-code solution.


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Daily Grace ®
Daily He Leads Me - Wildflower
Daily He Leads Me - Wildflower
Daily He Leads Me is a great tool for studying God's Word.
This notepad is thoughtfully broken down into sections to help you stay organized and focused.
It has 50 notepad sheets with beautiful, summer floral illustrations! Contains sections for What Does It Say?, What Does It Mean?, and How Can I Apply It?
It measures 8.5"x5.5" making it easy to tuck in your Bible during quiet time or bring to church for taking sermon notes.
I love how gorgeous this notebook is! So excited to use it for bible study
I am a mom of four and this helps me stay on task and focus on my studies but also reminds me what I have previously worked on! If I want to take a day and dig deeper on something previously studied, I can do so by marking the page!
As a busy mom, I need direction when I'm studying the Bible. This journal helped me so much to focus my study time. I'll be buying more for sure!
I use it with my kids to help guide them to think deeper about the scriptures we read during family Bible time. It's really helped us all grow in our faith.
I bought this for my cousin and she's going to love it!


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Frequently asked questions
Why should I use a Reverse Vending Machine?
To collect empty recyclable containers in an efficient and controlled way. recyclever® believe in a circular economy, so that the same plastic and aluminium can be re-used time and again. The use of Reverse Vending Machines, especially in conjunction with a Deposit Return Scheme (DRS) increases the number of containers which are recycled and therefore less end their life in landfill and oceans.
What is a Deposit Return Scheme (DRS)?
It sees consumers pay an up-front deposit when they buy a drink, which is redeemed on return of the empty drink container.
This is often done through a network of 'reverse vending machines', where you insert your plastic or glass bottle or can and the machine returns your money. Once a bottle is returned, businesses are then responsible for making sure they are effectively recycled – a move that has led to a 97% recycling rate in Germany.
What does a Reverse Vending Machine do?
It allows a consumer to return empty recyclable containers. Recyclever Reverse Vending Machines read the barcode, to check it can be accepted, check the weight to ensure it is empty, then compact the container to maximise space and destroys the bar code to avoid fraud. Using Recyclever® Reverse Vending Machines allows retailers to be clever as it prints vouchers to instigate a circular economy.
What containers does recyclever® accept?
Recyclever Reverse Vending Machines accept PET bottles, Aluminium cans, up to 2 litre capacity. No glass or HDPE milk or bleach containers. The machines can be programmed to accept any barcode or specific barcodes as required.
How quick is the recyclever® machine and how many containers can it hold?
Recyclever® reverse vending machines can accept approximately 20 containers a minute and depending on size and if the machine has a compactor. It can store between 500 to 800 containers before it needs emptying.
Why are barcode scanners important?
Barcode scanners allow the Reverse Vending Machine to be selective in accepting containers. It can be programmed to accept only those where a deposit was paid or those sold in specific stores or vending machines who are entitled to a voucher.
Does recyclever® reject bottles which contain fluid and what happens if my products are not accepted by the machine?
Bottles which contain liquid are too heavy and the machine will recognise and reject them until they are emptied. recyclever® will weigh, scan and review the product and if it is not within the defined scope of what the machine will accept, it will return the product to the customer for another means of disposal.
Why is a compactor beneficial?
A compactor squashes PET bottles and aluminium cans, destroying the bar code. This prevents the same container being used to obtain another voucher and is an important anti-fraud feature. recyclever® will hold between 500 to 800 compacted containers, so the machine has to be emptied less frequently. Without a compactor, the machine storage capacity reduces to less than a third.
Is it safe to operate?
recyclever® reverse vending machines have inbuilt safety sensors. If a user puts their arm too far into the machine, it will automatically shut down and relay a message on the screen.
If I purchase a drinks bottle or can from one retailer, could I return it to a recyclever®machine in another retailer?
This depends if there is a Deposit Return Scheme in place in that area. All DRS schemes allow a container to be purchased in a shop and returned into another. Without a DRS scheme, it is the retailers/operator's choice. recyclever® can be set up to accept certain bar codes which are relevant to the retailer, so you would need to return them back to the store where you purchased them from unless the retailer has coded the machine to accept other codes. In this case the retailer would increase footfall massively by attracting consumers from other stores, increasing both responsible behaviour and sales.
How much does a Reverse Vending Machine reward users for using it?
This depends on how it is set up. If it is with a Deposit Return Scheme, the figure is decided at Government level. Otherwise, the retailer or owner of the machine decides the value. The value could be credited to any container or just those sold by that specific retailer.
How much does recyclever® cost?
recyclever® reverse vending machines are very competitively priced. We understand the global need to have every plastic and Aluminium container falling inside a comprehensive circular economy. Our manufacturing makes it extremely affordable, so more can be done to achieve the ultimate goal of circularity.
Why should we adopt a Reverse Vending Machine?
To help reduce plastic and aluminium waste. It also depends if there is a Deposit Return Scheme in your area. Check this link for more info.
Can you customise the machine and work together on a project?
Yes. At recyclever® we want to listen to your needs, customise the solution that works for you and helps to save the planet.
Can recyclever® be installed outside ?
The reverse vending machines are specifically designed for interior installation, however, they can be placed under a canopy for protection outside
What does recyclever® need to work?
An AC 240V socket, Voucher Printer Paper, Recycling Bags. Regular emptying and occasional cleaning
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The machine is compact and fits easily in retail and entertainment spaces. With a very competitive priced unit, everyone can recycle more. The large marketing screen makes the most of the allocated floor space.
Not found what you are looking for?


text:
Single Czech women and Slovak Women Women are famous for their magnificence, intelligence and positive angle towards marrage and kids. They are, subsequently, extremely popular with men and far sought after. Such false modesty is explained by the conservatism of the Czechs. Even young individuals, more engaged in a really active way of life, think about custom as sacred, even in the capital Prague.
Of course, all the vacationer spot attendants communicate English very well, and cab drivers, waiters, lodge concierges, and other people working on the airport do too. You may also find information, instructions, rules, and different writings in English in lots of places. On the opposite hand, do not expect a lot English from the Czech law enforcement officials or bus drivers.
Train for the Prague Marathon and Half Marathon for free this yr
Show her that you just're not simply into her bodily. Czech girls are nicely-educated so you're at all times going to seek out the right subjects on your conversation, particularly in case you have similar pursuits. Czech girls try to become independent fairly early of their life. They know their objectives and work exhausting to realize them.
When it comes to the type of Czech girls, you'll be able to see both Eastern and Western European influence again. Some of the girls like to decorate extra feminine and wear excessive heels, skirts, and dresses while others are more into a casual type. Czech girls have quite lovely faces and they don't put on a lot of makeup.
Nevertheless, you don't want to fret about not with the ability to perceive and make your self understood throughout your go to to Prague, because you possibly can simply communicate in English there. birthday on February 5, by changing its brand to an animated Doodle dedicated to her.
One of the most important things to know about the Czech Republic in terms of finding your future wife is that the country is doing very nicely both financially and socially. As a end result, women listed here are less motivated to leave everything and transfer abroad. Dating and marrying European girls has been a growing development for Western men for the reason that Nineteen Nineties. However, most guys concentrate on Eastern European brides, whereas Czech Republic women come second or even third in men's preferences. England's women will travel to the Czech Republic for a world pleasant three days after the promote-out fixture towards Germany at Wembley.
Understanding the culture of Czech women
The largest group is of the Ukrainian origin, and many people come from Slovakia, Russia, and Vietnam (surprisingly), too. Thousands of Czech women and Slovak women from Eastern Europe will see your profile. You can obtain a messasge or an e-mail from one of these women right now.
Czech girls are especially excited about assembly guys from countries such because the United States, the UK, Germany and France, and have no drawback should it come to relocating to one of these nations. Christmas is considered a family vacation, and the Christmas dinner is ready by the entire family. Czechs are very conservative and on the Christmas desk there must be Christmas cookies, ready by the whole family on Christmas Eve.
Forgetting for a moment the social double normal this implies (e.g. It's all backslapping fun when men tie one on, however drunk women are unladylike and shameful), I've always admired how most Czech women select to sip slowly and, above all, stay within the moment. I discover it sensible — and courageous. Czech women normally evoke a va-va-voom response in Western males, who glorify their ethereal magnificence and perceived submissiveness. Traditional, unspoiled by feminism, and at all czech ladies times striving to look her best, the stereotypical view of the Czech lady is problematic — though admittedly impacts how women from the West relate to their Eastern counterparts. If you don't need to rely on probability within the serious matter of finding your future spouse, you have to be proactive.
Tips for relationship a Czech lady
There you'll get the chance to meet and get to know thousands of women from the Czech Republic who're ready for marriage with a foreigner. All you have to do is join one of many websites and provoke your search.
Although she has lived in Britain for many years, she still declares herself to be Moravian. She studied structure in Prague and in 1968 went to London for an internship where she stayed to live. She is known mainly for designing famend trend retail stores in London and New York.
But what if a gentleman is not ready to welcome all of the exotics that can inevitably enter his life and his home along with his attractive bride from a special tradition? Some might tell you that you should man up and not be afraid of changes, however, in our opinion, it's a bit an excessive amount of to ask of a gentleman who merely desires to construct a contented household and a fireplace.
During any vacation, Czechs wish to go to all types of concerts, as a result of they don't seem to be indifferent to music. There are many traditional festivals within the Czech Republic, but an important is Christmas.


text:
To be made into fabric, wool undergoes several processes. The fleece is sheared from the sheep, scoured, carded, combed and spun into yarn. The yarn is then woven on a loom to create wool fabric. There are two types of wool yarn that make different fabrics: woolen and worsted.
Sheep are sheared once a year by professionals who shear the whole fleece in one piece. The fleece is moved to a wool table, which has slats spaced apart to allow shorter wool and debris to fall underneath. Twigs, leaves and undesirable parts of the fleece are removed by hand, and the remaining fleece is folded and rolled.
The fleece is examined and graded according to the length, diameter, strength, crimp and color of its individual fibers. Finer wool is used to make worsted fabric for suits and other garments, while coarser wool is made into woolen fabric for coats, jackets and rugs. Fleeces of the same grade are mechanically pressed into bales and stored ready for transportation.
Raw fleeces contain lanolin, which makes them greasy, and they will still hold vegetable matter from the fields. Scouring cleans the wool and removes the lanolin by raking it in baths of hot water, detergent and alkali. The wool is rinsed, squeezed by rollers and dried.
To make wool from multiple fleeces more regular in fiber size and color, the clean wool from different batches is mechanically mixed.
The mixed and washed wool consists of tufts of tangled fibers. A carding machine smoothes the fibers by brushing the wool over a series of rolling drums covered in pointed teeth. The drums are different sizes and rotate at different speeds, so as the wool progresses its fibers are aligned into a fine web.
The Woolen Process
Shorter wool fibers are used to make woolen yarn, which makes a rough, hairy fabric. After carding, the wool is gently twisted into ropes, ready for spinning into woolen yarn.
The Worsted Process: Combing
Finer, longer wool fibers are used to make worsted yarn, which makes a smooth, soft fabric. The carded wool is combed and drawn by passing over a series of tines to remove shorter fibers and comb long ones parallel, forming a long continuous rope called a sliver.
Woolen and worsted wool are both processed by machines that draw out the ends of the fibers and spin them together by twisting at high speeds. The yarn can be spun into different thicknesses and strengths by varying the tension and direction of the twisting motion.
The yarn is woven into fabric on looms, computerized machines that work at high speeds to interlace horizontal and vertical sets of threads, forming a flat cloth. A set of parallel warp (vertical) threads are held taut by the loom while weft (horizontal) threads are held in a shuttle. The loom lifts the warp threads up and down in sequence, creating a space between them that the shuttle passes through at high speed; several shuttles can be used simultaneously. This action weaves the two sets of threads together at right angles and creates fabric.
Different patterns are created by lifting the warp threads in different sequences and by using different colored yarns. Types of fabric made from wool include broadcloth, gabardine, herringbone, houndstooth and tweed.
Dyeing and Finishing
Wool can be dyed before carding or after being spun into yarn, or the finished fabric can be dyed. Fabric is treated with heat, moisture and friction to tighten the weave and shrink the fabric. To make the fabric fleecy, it is brushed to raise the nap, giving a fluffy finish. Chemical finishes can be applied to make the fabric washable by coating it with a resin film.
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Writer Bio
Joanne Thomas has worked as a writer and editor for print and online publications since 2004. Her writing specialties include relationships, entertainment and food, and she has penned pieces about subjects from social media tools for Adobe to artists' biographies for StubHub. Thomas has also written for such names as Disney, Hyundai, Michelob and USA Today, among others. She resides in California and holds a bachelor's degree in politics from the University of Bristol, U.K.


text:
Ernie Wilkins - Trumpets All Out
Ernie Wilkins | Label: Savoy MG 12096 | Format: LP | Genre: Jazz
Condition: Very Good Plus
Ernie Wilkins "Trumpets All Out" - Savoy Records mono, deep groove with "RVG" etched in dead wax, Lp MG 12096. Features Art Farmer, Emmet Berry, Charlie Shavers, Ernie Royal, Harold Baker, Don Abney, Wendell Marshall & Bobby Donaldson. Contains; Five Cats Swingin' / Blues in 6/4 / Trumpets all out / She's just my size / Medley: Love is here to stay / Low Life. Sleeve is VG, left seam is split. Record is VG plus.


text:
Previous Section | Index | Home Page |
28 Apr 2008 : Column 104Wcontinued
Mr. Drew: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what procedures govern the use of Taser-style electric shock weapons by police; and what training police officers are required to receive before using such weapons. [196422]
Mr. Coaker: Following a trial in five forces in 2003, the Home Secretary agreed to allow Chief Officers of all forces in England and Wales to make the laser available to authorised firearms officers as a less lethal alternative for use in situations where a firearms authority has been granted in accordance with criteria laid down in the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) Manual of Guidance on Police Use of Firearms.
Following a request by ACPO my right hon. Friend the Home Secretary agreed in July 2007 that laser may be deployed by an authorised firearms officer beyond situations in which a firearms authority would be granted. In these cases, officers would be facing violence or threats of violence of such severity that they would need to use force to protect the public, themselves and/or the subjects.
My right hon. Friend also agreed to a 12 month trial, from 1 September 2007, in 10 selected forces of use of laser in similar circumstances by specially trained units who are not authorised firearms officers.
Full policy and operational guidance documents on the use of laser has been issued by ACPO, and there is a rigorous selection procedure for officers which is fully set out in the ACPO guidance. Laser is only issued to specially trained officers who have successfully completed approved ACPO sponsored training in the use of the device. All officers will be required to successfully complete annual refresher training.
David Davis: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many people were (a) detained and (b) arrested at UK ports in the last five years. [199143]
Jacqui Smith:
Information pertaining to the number of people detained at UK ports is not fully available
due to a change in our data collation systems in 2003. Figures relating to 2003 do not therefore reflect the full year.
Information relating to persons detained at ports falls into two areas: Those who do not immediately satisfy the Immigration Officer of their eligibility to enter, or who are subject to further examination, and those who are further detained pending the outcome of their application or following refusal of leave to enter.
In the interests of completeness, figures have been provided in relation to persons detained in order to be subjected to further examination.
Totals of persons initially detained (at the arrivals control) are as follows:
Number | |
The data provided above have been compiled from locally held management information and as such do not represent national statistics. They may therefore be subject to change.
Figures relating to arrests at UK ports are available only from April 2006, as these were not previously recorded centrally. Figures for March 2003-06 relate only to Heathrow and Gatwick, and all figures relate only to arrests by Immigration Crime Teams as follows:
Number | |||
Heathrow | Gatwick | Total | |
Numbers of persons arrested by HM Revenue and Customs are available only from April 2005 until March 2007, and are as follows:
Number | |
Mr. Clappison: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many sentence-expired foreign prisoners are held in detention under immigration powers; and how many have been held in such detention in each year since 1997. [193823]
Mr. Byrne
[holding answer 13 March 2008]: The Chief Executive of the UK Border Agency advised the Home Affairs Committee in her letter of 20 November that there were 1,500 foreign national prisoners that were detained under immigration powers. She will continue to update the Committee with the most robust and accurate information available as requested. She has also explained in her letters to the Committee that information prior to April 2006 is not available due to
the quality of management information that is held. Copies of these letters are available in the Library of the House.
Jeff Ennis: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many South Yorkshire police vehicles have been involved in an accident while attending an emergency call in each of the last five years. [199442]
Mr. McNulty: The data provided here are a supplementary series collected on behalf and released with the approval of Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC). These data are normally used for inspection purposes only.
The available data on road traffic collisions on public roads during immediate/emergency response and police pursuit have been collected centrally from 2002-03 and are provided in the following table.
R oad traffic collisions during immediate/emergency response and police pursuit for South Yorkshire, from 2002-03 to 2006-07 | |
Number | |
David Davis: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many people have been (a) charged and (b) convicted of offences under the Terrorism Act 2000 since it came into force. [198629]
Jacqui Smith: The Terrorism Act (TACT) 2000 came into force on 19 February 2001. Statistics compiled from police records are available on the Home Office website from 11 September 2001 to 31 March 2007.
For this period, there were a total of 1,228 arrests; of which 1,165 arrests were made under the Terrorism Act 2000 and 63 arrests under other legislation, where the investigation was conducted as a Terrorist investigation. Of the total 1,228 arrested, 132 were charged with terrorism legislation offences only; 109 were charged with terrorism legislation offences and other criminal offences and 195 charged under other legislation, including murder, grievous bodily harm, firearms, explosives offences, fraud, and false documents.
Of those charged, there were 41 Terrorism Act 2000 convictions and 183 convictions under other legislation, including murder, explosives offences (including conspiracies), grievous bodily harm, firearms offences, fraud, false documents offences, and other offences (including 12 cautions). Figures are subject to change as cases go through the system. The Home Office is currently working with the police to review how terrorism statistics are collated.
In addition to the above, statistics on the number of convictions in significant terrorist cases are available
for 2007 and 2008. In 2007, 37 individuals were convicted in 15 significant terrorist cases. So far in 2008, 21 people have been convicted in seven significant terrorist cases. There are a range of powers available under other non-TACT legislation, to arrest and charge individuals in connection with terrorist or terrorist related activity. Charges and convictions can and are brought under the most-appropriate legislation.
Keith Vaz: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many times she has met home affairs front-bench spokespersons from other political parties to discuss her counter-terrorism proposals since 1st July 2007. [199429]
Mr. McNulty: My right hon. Friend the Home Secretary has met the Conservative Shadow Home Secretary and the Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson three times to discuss counter-terrorism proposals since 1 July 2007.
Mr. Paul Goodman: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department with reference to the answer of 15 January 2007, Official Report, column 785W, on translation costs, how much was spent on translating Home Office publications into languages other than English in (a) 2003-04, (b) 2004-05, ( c) 2006-07 and (d) in 2007-08 to date. [188082]
Mr. McNulty: It is not possible to provide this information on the basis of disproportionate cost.
Mr. Crabb: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many staff of the new UK Border Agency will be based in (a) Pembroke Dock, (b) Fishguard, (c) Swansea, (d) Holyhead and (e) Wales. [200212]
Mr. Byrne [holding answer 21 April 2008]: The number of staff employed by the former Borders and Immigration Agency was 18,154 at the end of March 2008. This number is the actual active staff at 31 March 2008 and replaces earlier projected figures. Of this 176 were geographically located in Wales.
On 1 April 2008 the UK Border Agency was created and 2,303 staff transferred from UK Visas. More than 4,000 further staff are expected to join UKBA from HM Revenue and Customs and the final staff total is expected to be around 25,000 but figures are not yet finalised.
Mr. Ruffley: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department if she will set a target to increase the use of video conferencing by her Departments officials as an alternative to staff travelling to meetings. [200483]
Mr. Byrne: There are no plans to introduce such a target, however it is now standard practice to put in at least one set of video conferencing (VC) equipment in Home Office properties.
Mr. Evans: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department what recent estimate she has made of the number of illegal migrants employed in the UK without a valid work permit. [199167]
Mr. Byrne [holding answer 21 April 2008]: Since the phasing out of border controls in 1994, no Government have ever been able to produce an accurate figure for the number of people who are in the country illegally and that includes illegal workers. By its very nature it is impossible to quantify accurately and that remains the case.
As one of the Government's 10 substantive changes to the border and immigration system in 2008 we will count in and out the majority of foreign nationals. This will build on the successes of our early testing of the e-Borders programme (Project Semaphore) which already covers over 30 million passenger movements and has led to 18,000 alerts and more than 1,500 arrests.
This is part of a large-scale programme of reform to border protection which also includes the global roll-out of fingerprint visas, compulsory watch-list checks for all travellers from high-risk countries before they land in Britain and ID cards for foreign nationals.
Mr. Evans: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department (1) how many employers in the residential and care home industries were (a) prosecuted and (b) fined for employing workers without valid work permits in each of the last three years; [199163]
(2) how many agricultural employers were (a) prosecuted and (b) fined for employing workers without valid work permits in each of the last three years; [199164]
(3) how many people were (a) arrested for, (b) prosecuted for and (c) convicted of working illegally in the UK without a valid work permit in each of the last three years; [199165]
(4) how much was collected in fines from employers of workers without valid work permits in each of the last three years; [199166]
Mr. Byrne: There are no centrally collated reports on how many employers have been prosecuted specifically within the residential care home and agricultural industries.
The Home Office publishes statistics on the number of persons proceeded against for offences under Immigration Acts 1971 to 2004 in England and Wales on an annual basis in table 6.7 of the Control of Immigration: Statistics Command Paper. Published statistics on immigration and asylum are available from the Library of the House and from the Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate web site at:
No data are held centrally on the total amount of fines collected from employers prosecuted for employing those without a valid work permit.
Simon Hughes: To ask the Secretary of State for the Home Department how many people have registered on the Workers Registration Scheme in each London borough in each year since the scheme was introduced. [199301]
Mr. Byrne: The Home Office only records the regional distribution of workers from A8 countries when they first registered to the Workers Registration Scheme. Data by local authority were published in February 2008 in concert with the Accession Monitoring Report (AMR) on the Local Government Analysis and Research (LGAR) website.
The table shows the last published available data by local authority for the number of workers when they first registered to the Worker Registration Scheme (WRS) in each London borough since the scheme was introduced.
The figures quoted are not provided under National Statistics protocols and have been derived from local management information and are therefore provisional and subject to change.
Next Section | Index | Home Page |


text:
This comforting yet luxurious gratin can be served as a main course or side-dish. Celeriac is often served raw in a mustardy sauce as celeriac rémoulade, and this dish uses the same flavour combination. Include the ham or not, as you prefer. You can also grate over Parmesan or Cheddar for extra flavour before it goes in the oven.
- 300g/10½oz potato (1 large baking potato), peeled or scrubbed and cut into 1cm/½in slices
- 2 banana shallots, finely sliced
- 3 tbsp finely chopped flatleaf parsley
- 350g/12oz peeled celeriac (about ½ large one), finely sliced
- 50–100g/1¾–3½oz air-cured ham, such as Parma or Serrano, thickly sliced (optional)
- 1½ tbsp capers, rinsed well and drained
- 300ml/10fl oz full-fat crème fraîche
- 500ml/18fl oz full-fat milk
- 1½ tbsp Dijon or grainy mustard
- 1 garlic clove, finely chopped
- sea salt and freshly ground black pepper
- Preheat the oven to 200C/180C Fan/Gas 6.
- In a large bowl, mix the potato, shallots, parsley, celeriac and ham, if using. Add the capers and season with pepper and a pinch of salt. Tip the mixture into an ovenproof dish (approximately 30cm/12in square and not too deep).
- Heat the crème fraîche and milk in a small pan. Stir in the mustard and garlic and season with half a teaspoon flaky sea salt and pepper. Bring to a gentle boil, then pour over the gratin. It won't cover the vegetables – that's fine.
- Bake for 1 hour 15 minutes, or until the vegetables are tender. Cover the top with foil if it is getting too brown. Leave to sit for 5 minutes before serving.


text: "Assault on Olympus!" Part 3 of 3. Story by Tony Isabella and Bill Mantlo. Art by George Tuska and Vince Colletta. Cover by Dan Adkins. The Champions have failed...Hercules and Venus are at the mercy of evil Pluto's malevolent machinations. Can Black Widow, Angel, Ice Man, and Ghost Rider regroup in time and find away to save their friends? NOTE: Letters page begins and includes a Marvel Value Stamp (series B # 29). Rich Buckler cover pencils, Dan Adkins cover inks. Cover price $0.25.


text:
I have always been a fan of boxing. My favourite boxer? I think the title of this post is a give-away.
My first recollection of Muhammad Ali was when my Indian neighbour was trying pathetically to impress upon my father that Sonny Liston went down from a karate chop. "No la uncle, he gave a karate chop on the neck la uncle". My father just laughed it off. Anyway, would a karate chop be a lethal weapon when you are wearing thick gloves. You see they, those in the west, and the non-Muslims in Malaysia, at that time couldn't accept the fact that a Muslim is the World Heavyweight Boxing Champion.
What impressed me most about Ali is that he blended lightning speed with grace. He was an entertainer extraodinare in the ring. Yes, he got the gift of the gab and that got to many of those who hated him especilally when he proved in rhymes what round he would floor his opponents and his predictions were cunningly true.
As to whether he is a true Muslim, that is not for me to say. If he was taught to be the Muslim that he is, who am I to say that he is wrong. He may be wrong in someone else's eyes but not to his.
Well lets leave that aside. If I am not mistaken his first fight with Frazier was in 1971. The school rented a tv set and all were ushered into the hall. I think they did it more because the teachers wanted to watch the match then anything else. It was very evident. The Malay/Muslims were all for Ali and the rest, including the teachers mind you were all for Frazier and the Malays left the hall dissapointed after the unanimous decision to give Frazier victory which was justified.
His biggest victory must be the Ali-Foreman extravaganza in Kinshasa Zaire and The Thriller in Manila against Frazier.
When Ali took on Foreman, most fans including me thought that Ali was going to be humiliated. I have seen Foreman's previous fights and he was actually Bullman. In one of his earlier fights he even broke the hand of an opponent who blocked his blows. Such was the awesome power of this boxer turned preacher.
When Ali resorted to leaning against the ropes and allowed Foreman to bomb him with massive blows to the body only to come alive in the last minute of each round, I thought, it won't be long. I was right but in a pleasant way. The rope-a-dope tactic paid off. By the last minute of the 8th round Foreman was a spent force and the rally that Ali produced that hot and humid night was a classic. Foreman hit the canvass and was only up to his knees by the count of 9, a second too late.
The Thriller in Manila which many saw as the contributing factor to him contracting Parkinsons, do you get Parkinsons that way, was a fight between 2 colourful heavyweights. Frazier who incidentally lost his 2nd fight with Ali on a decision, and who was obliterated by Foreman, landed heavy and telling blows on Ali but Ali the master entertainer did not dissapiont. He rained punches and Frazier's corner threw in the towel.
Like many others, Ali could have believed that he was invincible. He went on to fight a few fights too many at the age of 40 and above. He paid the price.
Whatever it is, Ali is, to me, the best boxer to ever grace the ring. The only boxer to ever come close in entertainment value is Sugar Ray Robinson and not surprisingly he adopts an identical fighting style to Ali. A bad eye forced him to retire early.
"A man of principles will resist an evil system with his whole soul. Non-collaboration with evil is a sacred duty!" -- Gandhi
Thursday 29 November 2007
Muhammad Ali The Greatest Boxer To Ever Grace The Ring
21 comments:
- Bergen said...
No doubt about it, cikgu. Ali defined boxing. I believe the sport is no longer as popular as it used to when Ali ruled the ring. I love boxing because it teaches you basic things in a fight how i.e punch and evade. There's no 'buah' to learn and I personally thing 'buah' is a waste of time because chances are you won't remember the 'buah' in a real fight and if you've been in a fight, you know that people don't attack you the way an attack is taught in a class. Boxing teaches you basic human instinct to fight. It's simple. But most don't like it because the training is monotonous. What learn on the first day of class is the same thing that you drill over and over for 20 years.
Quite frankly, I wouldn't want to get into a fight with someone trained in boxing. - 29 November 2007 at 15:07
- Unknown said...
Yes, I do wonder sometimes, no one attacks you from the front only when you are facing the front and the back. They don;t wait for the first attacker to finish before going in.
I saw the Ali Inoki fight and realised how afraid Inoki was to get in close coz a boxer's punch can be mighty powerful. He went down and resorted to kicking at Ali's leg, that the match turned into an anti-climax.
Now adays with pay per view, I quit watching boxing, also because there is really no one else worth watching. The present Great White Hopes from, either Russia or Ukraine or is it both is just not interesting enough and anyway I really don't believe whites make good boxers barring maybe Marciano. - 29 November 2007 at 15:18
- tokasid said...
Salam Che'gu:
Bergen and you are both right. Ali is the greatest fighter of all time.Period. He's cool, flair and have the endurance. he doesn't panic and he doesn't allow the high emotions rule him. He just...floats like a butterfly as opposed to Joe Frazier's sondol like a khinzir.
Tyson and Frazier lacks the flair of Ali. They both fight like a gangster's bouncer. They punch and punch and punch so its better to see a bar's brawl.
Yes, there's no bunga in boxing like silat or kungfu or other martial arts. Boxing is about discipline(in training and fighting) and endurance. But there is a pinch of gedebe thrown in too( well most martial arts exponents are gedebe too,right?).
And , yeah..boxing is not the same after ALi.
Ali!Ali!Ali! - 29 November 2007 at 16:40
- Unknown said...
Frazier thought he was one tough cookie but I still remember Foreman lifted his whole body off the canvass with a hook. Frazier went down 6 times in 2 rounds and that ended his invincibility.
Pity what has become of the legend Ali now though. - 29 November 2007 at 22:55
- Kerp (Ph.D) said...
yup...its gotta be Ali, without a shadow of a doubt. caught some repeats of bout involving Ali on espn sometime back.
but if i am asked of my all-time fav, i'd say iron mike. no disrespect to Ali but i grew up watching tyson slugging it out. biggs, ruddock, bowe, spinks all went down after a few knocks from tyson's heavy jab. only tucker survived 12 rounds.
still, for the crown as the world's greatest ever, no way its liston, not foreman, neither tyson nor lennox. its ALI. - 30 November 2007 at 00:28
- monsterball said...
Love watching boxing and stopped after Mike Tyson.
Seems to me, the thrill have gone down so much.
Same on basketball without Micheal Jordan.
Back to boxing....Muhammad Ali is all time best. He got everything.....style...brain...showmanship...gift of the gap.
So sad..he is suffering from Parkinson disease.Otherwise...we all will still enjoy some of his witty speeches..if not boxing.
On the fight with Sonny Liston...one minute knock out...many deemed it as a fixed fight...and Liston was found shot dead few months later.
Yes...had Harun made money with the fight he brought to K.Lumpur...he would have pocket the profit and said it was his personal business venture..but he got greedy and pass the loss to country...and with May 13th 1969 incident...the jail sentence was the last of him in politics. - 30 November 2007 at 08:16
Cikgu, I never even realized or thought bout Ali being a Muslim an issue. I was in primary school then, and the tv was shown at the school canteen for all the Ali's fight. Those were the days cikgu, Ali on TV and female teachers wore nice dress with nice legs.
- 30 November 2007 at 10:06
- Unknown said...
Yes, Harun brought in a boring White Hope in Bugner.
Do you know that Ali had to prolong the fight becaise the organisers asked him to? They needed the fight to last as long as possible to get the advertisements aired? - 30 November 2007 at 11:59
- Unknown said...
I am sorry if I had offended you when I wrote about the non-muslim's apparent dislike for Ali. Maybe I should have included that in.
Hey, when I was in standard 3 there was a Miss Lily and her very short skirts. We use to have reading under a tree where she sits on a chair and all us boys gather and sit in front of her. Could you imagine the shovings to be in front.
Then in secondary school there was miss Westwood. The best view would be from under the stairs. - 30 November 2007 at 12:20
salam Che Gu,
Che Gu who can forget Ms. Westwood. Shes one gorgeous looking bombshell. She was our English teacher and only during her period that everybody was eager to be in front row. She has this habit of sitting on the edge of the table during lesson. By the time shes off from the class, some joker will go up to the blackboard and write...white or pink or red...the colour of her panties. Shes a killer.
kimasapi. - 30 November 2007 at 17:17
- Mat Salo said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- 30 November 2007 at 18:57
- Mat Salo said...
My God Chegu.. is this about 'Dance like a bee, sting like a butterfly?' --eh terbalik, or the color of Miss Westwood's undergarments--what?--40 to 50 years back? Now THAT deserves a post of it's own, eh Chegu?
- 30 November 2007 at 19:02
- Kerp (Ph.D) said...
i remember astro's early days when boxing matches were their pulling factor in attracting more subscribers. then came the pay-per-view thing which was affordable with 3 bouts for 19.90. then for some freakin' reason it eventually hikes up more than 100 bucks just to catch holyfield, rahman, lennox, naseem box. ridiculous.
so anyway...errm..aye to MAT SALO.
lets talk about panties! - 30 November 2007 at 19:56
- Unknown said...
So you know westwood too huh? What a body. - 30 November 2007 at 19:59
- Unknown said...
MS and Kerpie,
I was in all boys school from std 1 to form 5 so what do you expect. We were like monkeys man. I'll blog about it soon plus a revelation. - 30 November 2007 at 20:01
- cakapaje said...
Salam Cikgu,
Fly like the butterfly, sting like the bee. Ali, Muhammad Ali.
Those are lyrics of his song, you remember that? A joker, an entertainer, a boxer, a fighter, and a muslim. He had a fight in KL - not one of his greatest - against Joe Bugner, and I managed to get into Stadium Negara to watch one of his training sessions, along with hundreds of schoolchildren from the surrounding area - Victoria Institution, Methodist Boys, St John, Chung Khiaw and a few more. It was magical!
Thank you for putting this up, it sure bring back memories of the man also known as 'Gifted Gab' or something like that :) - 30 November 2007 at 20:52
- Daphne Ling said...
Hi Chegu,
New look huh?
Wise words, Chegu...I like it...
Anyway, re Muhammad Ali, it's just too bad his career was cut short...Even sadder that he contracted Parkinsons...
I am not a fan of boxing (too painful for me!), but it sure is sad to see such a great man gone to waste... - 30 November 2007 at 22:11
- Unknown said...
The Bugner fight was only a warm up for Ali. Well, at least you got to see the Big Man himself personally. I can only dream of it. - 30 November 2007 at 22:16
- Unknown said...
Would you believe it I got that line from watching CSI New York. It is a yet to be aired episode in Malaysia. Maybe it was a famous line or what but when it was uttered it hit me like a bomb. I said to myself that I must use it for my blog. Its not because it sounds nice, its because I agree with it. - 30 November 2007 at 22:20
salam che gu,
And sorry to everybody for remark on Ms.Westwood. It was suppose to be about Muhammad Ali and I got carried away.
kimasapi. - 1 December 2007 at 09:01
- monsterball said...
When I was watching Ali boxing....I also keep my eyes sharp to look at those sexy girls carrying the round cards....and see if the boxers are distracted by anyone of them.
Then like Frankie said...those female Muslim singers are sure sexy and dress much better than nowadays...so call dress codes for singwers by the government.
Just drop by and watch Indonesian TV on females singers...Indonesia is much more open minded than we are.
Are our government NUTS haters?? - 1 December 2007 at 12:25
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When Michigan sends its people to Florida, they're not sending the best. They're sending people that have lots of problems and they're bringing those problems. They're bringing drugs, they're bringing crime. They're rapists and some, I assume, are good people, but I speak to Floridians and they're telling us what we're getting. -WTF Florida Disclaimer […] »
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If you care about what you put in your body, you likely try to avoid foods stocked full of artificial ingredients and sweeteners. Believe it or not, many fruits and vegetables are man made. Let's get started with the most common man made vegetables, fruits and nuts.
Thousands of years ago, farmers used the process of natural selection to produce the best harvest possible. These methods allowed the creation of many of the grains, nuts, vegetables, and fruits available today. Farmers and manufacturers today use many of those same processes, however, as seen below.
Table of Contents
Man Made Vegetables
Many of the vegetables you see in the grocery store are man made. Though they are healthy foods, they ultimately come from selective breeding. Learn more in the information below.
Are Beans Man Made?
Not every bean is man made. Soybeans, however, are. They date back to 7,000 BC in China, likely from the Glycine soja legume.
Most scientists agree that farmers in China used the seeds of the Glycine soja to create the soybean.
This process likely began in 2,000 or 1,000 BC. Soy fermentation from these beans began in the third century. Farmers throughout Asia made tofu and soy milk from these ingredients, for instance. There are more genetic modifications in this food in modern times, however. According to scientific data, over 82% of soybeans in the United States come from genetic changes.
Are Modern Cucumbers Man Made Vegetable?
The cucumbers of the modern world are significantly different than what they originally were. The name of the original food was Cucumis hystrix, and it existed in India. It has a unique, spiny-like appearance.
Romans helped to bring the Cucumis hystrix to the rest of Europe. The Romans, French, Spanish, and English people curated the plant until it became the cucumber varieties loved by many today. The final, modern version of the vegetable, however, did not exist until the nineteenth century.
Is the Orange Color of Carrots Man Made?
Carrots were not always orange. They were first yellow when considering the last few centuries! These came from either purple or white carrots, however. They date back to Persian farmers from the 900s.
The original carrots also had shorter roots than the modern-day alternatives. Eventually, Persian farmers bred the vegetables together to develop one long stem. Soon after, the color transformed to orange.
Farmers still breed carrots in modern times. They hope to achieve the perfect color, root size, or flavor, for instance.
Is Cabbage Man Made?
Green leafy salads, including cabbage, are also man made vegetables. Other foods included under this category, however, are collard greens, for instance.
In ancient Greek and Roman times, people originally planted wild mustard leaves to eat. Eventually, these plants transformed into the kale with its specific taste and collard greens through selective breeding. The taste of the greens varied on the location where the farmers planted them.
In the 1600s, people began to plant mustard greens with larger leaves, eventually creating cabbage. When these vegetables had a thick stem became kohlrabi. Ultimately, all of these vegetables are members of the Brassica oleracea family.
Most agree that broccoli, Brussel sprouts, and cauliflower came from mustard greens too. Those leaves with large flowers became broccoli or cauliflower. Any plant that had a small head became a Brussel sprout.
Many scientists continued to experiment with mustard greens well into the twentieth century too. A Russian man named Georgii Karpechenko tried to combine the radish and cabbage, for instance, to make a rabbage. Unfortunately, this vegetable never became popular.
A company in Japan, called the Sakata Seed Company of Yokohama, even created a new vegetable within this family in 1993. The staff bred broccoli and kai-lan. Broccolini was the result, a popular ingredient in Asian cooking.
Is Broccoli Man Made?
To put it bluntly – yes – broccoli is man made. Broccoli did not always exist as the plant we all know and love today, in fact it was created by humans through an extensive process. Initially, broccoli was grown in Italy and shipped to America and England in the early 1700s and then of course, to the rest of the world. Now that you know, that broccoli was made by man 2000 years prior to you and I even existing, you're probably wondering how they had managed to do this with very little facilities. The answer is not what you think. Broccoli is indeed man made, but it wasn't made in a lab by genetic modification of an existing plant, rather through a process called selective breeding.
Selective breeding or artificial selection is where we focus on a certain plant species that stands out through their larger, tastier attributes or by greater yielding. Selective breeding process involves the attempt to reproduce this plant to obtain future crops with better plants.
Is Cauliflower a Man Made Vegetable?
Yes, cauliflower is man made. Cauliflower is a plant with all parts of this plant being edible, including the leaves and stems. Though this vegetable is mostly grown for its large flowering head, used in a variety of dishes. Unsurprisingly, cauliflower didn't always exist like it does so commonly today.
Of course its only explanation of existence, is through selective breeding. Even back in the olden times, farmers favoured plants with more generous yields, flavourful fruits, fewer seeds, an edible pulp and more. This has resulted in an artificial selection process that birthed distinct variants of some attributes of existing plants, or an entirely new plant altogether.
This breeding method isn't limited to plants only, oh no, this process has been introduced amongst animals as well. More specifically, breeding parents with special characteristics produce offspring with identically special traits. Fortunately, cauliflower exists thanks to the cleverness of man. Without selective breeding cauliflower will not have grown to exist as we know it.
Are Potatoes Man Made?
Yes, potatoes are indeed man made. Whilst many would assume that the potato is a naturally occurring vegetable, when in fact it is a clone. The original potato was created by humans through cloning, which is the process of creating an identical copy of something by replicating its DNA.
Contrary to what many may think, these cloned potatoes aren't created in a lab. In hindsight, most potatoes are genetically identical to each other, with most potatoes having been descended from a few varieties. The first step in this process was when European explorers brought back small samples of native potatoes from South America and planted them in Europe.
These plants then reproduced with each other, creating new generations of genetically identical tubers – which has continued throughout history as breeders have selected varieties with desirable traits, like size, taste and texture – to create more crops.
Is Garlic Man Made?
Humans helped to make garlic into what it is today. Farmers in ancient India domesticated the Allium longicuspis over 6,000 years ago.
These Indian people immediately recognized the medicinal benefits coming from the plant, so they tried to create a simpler version. Ultimately, garlic came about.
Cultivated garlic is sterile, however. Scientists and farmers have to propagate the plant manually to create more.
Man Made Fruits
Just like vegetables, there are many man made fruits as well. Even bananas, for instance, are a crossbreed of two other products. Continue reading below to learn more about man made fruits.
Are Strawberries Man Made?
Modern-day strawberries came from the wild variety in France in the 1700s. The latter fruit was small and much sweeter.
The goal was to make the strawberry bigger, which humans have tried to do since the fourteenth century. Success was not possible, however, until the 1700s, as aforementioned.
Nicolas Duchesne bred the Fragaria moschata with the Fragaria chiloensis. With his team of botanists, he developed the modern-day strawberry. The current size of the fruit is up to 20 times bigger than the wild strawberry.
Are Tomatoes Man Made?
Modern-day tomatoes are technically man made. The original fruit was small and yellow, existing primarily in Aztec communities in South America.
When Spanish conquistadors came to the Amazon rainforests, they brought the "golden apples" to Europe. The tomatoes spread like wildfire throughout the United Kingdom, Italy, and China especially.
Red tomatoes did not exist until the mid-twentieth century. Modern scientists worked to create a sweet fruit in labs around the world.
Eventually, these professionals learned that they could crossbreed different tomato species and adjust the "u" phenotype. Yellow tomatoes are still available to purchase today, however, but they are not as popular as the red variety.
Are Grapefruits Man Made?
Grapefruits are the first citrus fruit on this list that are man made. They only came into existence in 1693. "Captain Shaddock," an explorer, helped to create the grapefruit.
After one of his expeditions to Indonesia, Captain Shaddock brought back pomelo seeds with him. He planted them near his orange trees, causing the two fruits to crossbreed unintentionally. The result, therefore, was the grapefruit.
The grapefruit first had the name "shaddock" because of Captain Shaddock. The fruit spread throughout the world beginning in 1750, when a man from England, Reverend Griffith Hughes, learned about it.
When grapefruit first showed up in the United States, many people thought it was a pomelo. Scientists did not discover the origins of this tropical food until the mid-twentieth century. Some countries still do not even know what a grapefruit is.
Are Bananas Man Made?
Modern-day bananas would never exist if farmers did invent them over 10,000 years ago. These individuals combined two wild fruits called the Musa acuminta and the Musa balbisiana.
The Musa balbisiana fruit had too many seeds for individuals to enjoy the sweet flesh of the interior. The Musa acuminata, however, had a soft texture, but the taste was gross. The farmers learned to combine all of the best things about each fruit to create the modern banana.
The Musa Acuminate and the Musa balbisiana combined naturally in the wild to create the first banana. Unfortunately, the fruit was sterile, however. Farmers in south Asia quickly learned that they could replant the banana shoots to make more, however.
Any banana that exists today is a genetic twin of the shoot used to create it. If one disease came to this type of plant, it could wipe out this fruit for good.
Are Oranges Man Made?
There are many types of oranges available today, but this fruit came from the minds of men. The mandarin is the original ancestor of this food. Most agree that farmers in Indochina and China invented the orange by crossbreeding a pomelo and mandarin.
Typically, pomelos have a bitter taste, similar to that of a grapefruit. Mandarins, however, have the traditionally orange color and a sweet flavor.
Italians discovered the existence of oranges with seeds in the fifteenth century. They fell in love with the sweet and citrusy taste, spreading the fruit across the rest of Europe, especially in the Mediterranean area.
The tangerine is another created citrus fruit that is similar to an orange, however. It directly comes from mandarins. Farmers only had to manipulate mandarins, however, to make this type of fruit.
Are Boysenberries Man Made?
Boysenberries are a more obscure and lesser-known fruit. Rudolph Boysen only created them in 1923, making them less than a hundred years old.
Boysen planted berry vines of all varieties on a farm in Anaheim that belonged to his in-laws. Unfortunately, the fruit never took off as Boysen hoped.
Walter Knott heard about the berry, however, asking Boysen if he could help. He brought the hybrid to life, opening up Knott's Berry Farm soon after.
Boysenberries, more specifically, are a blend of blackberries with either raspberries or loganberries. Some believe, however, that Rudolph Boysen first experimented with a combination of the dewberry and loganberry instead.
Are Apple Varieties Man Made?
Every apple comes from one specific kind, the Malus sieversii. It is the oldest variety, originating from Central Asia.
Traders along the Silk Road helped to spread the Malus sieversii to the rest of Asia and Europe. Eventually, it migrated to North America.
When the Malus sieversii encountered a new climate, it would slightly change in terms of taste or color, for instance. Now, there are over 7,500 varieties of this fruit that people around the world enjoy.
What are the Man Made Origins of Lemons?
Lemons are also a man made fruit. Most citrus options have similar origins, however. Here you can read our article on whether lemon is a fruit or vegetable.
Most scientists agree that lemons came from Assam, a town in India. Most agree that farmers crossbred the sour orange and citron to create this tart fruit.
Lemons spread to Europe in the second century, arriving in the Middle East and the Mediterranean in the eighth. The United States did not get lemons until the 1800s.
Man Made Nuts and Grains
Finally, there are several man made nuts and grains. Some of your favorite snacks, like peanuts and almonds, for instance, come from the minds of humans. Learn more about these in the information provided below.
Are Almonds Man Made?
Believe it or not, in the wild, almonds are incredibly poisonous for human consumption. When you eat a large number of them, you run the risk of fatalities.
Wild almonds also have a bitter taste in comparison to the sweetness you may expect from this nut. They would not go well in the desserts and candies you may know and love.
Edible almonds likely come from the Amygdalus fenzliana, but historians are not confident about this nut's origins. Most agree that the tree aforementioned, however, produces something similar in taste and appearance.
Scientists still do not understand how something so tasty came from a potentially fatal plant, however. They do know that almonds first traveled on the Silk Road for trade and consumption. They originated from central Asian countries like China.
Are Peanuts Man Made?
The modern peanut is a hybrid food. Humans and bees worked together to create this tasty snack.
In ancient times, there were two types of peanuts, which dated back to BC times. First, in Bolivia and Argentina, there was the Arachis duranensis. In just Bolivia, however, the people ate the Arachnis ipaensis.
These two plants were completely different from one another. It was nearly impossible for them to crossbreed out of their own volition.
Thankfully, however, farmers brought the Arachis duranensis variety to the mountains of Bolivia. Bees cross-pollinated the two plants, as the Arachis ipaensis was already in the country's localities. The outcome was the modern-day peanut.
Is Rice Man Made?
Rice began as a type of grass called Oryza rufipogon. Modern versions of this food originated over 10,000 years ago in the Pearl River Valley in China.
Rice did not come to America until the 1500s. It was a staple in Asia, however, thousands of years before. If you are interested to learn if rice is a vegetable you can read more in our article.
Scientists began making hybrids of rice in the late twentieth century. These versions are much more profitable, so many manufacturers will sell them instead.
How is Corn Man Made?
Corn is different from its original look. It closely resembled a pinecone when first made!
Mexican farmers discovered wild corn over 9,000 years ago. It grew in teosinte grass, which is more popularly known as maize. Farmers throughout the Tehuacan Valley worked to make this plant edible for human consumption.
The Mayan people helped to improve maize harvests and propagation. Through crossbreeding, they were able to produce plants that had two to three cobs on them. Eventually, the result elongated into modern-day corn, spreading to Europe in the 1400s.
You may feel surprised at how many fruits and vegetables are man made. Remember, some nuts and grains come through artificial selection too.
Most of the man made foods improve the original taste of the plant. They also enhance the possible transformations available in one fruit or vegetable, for instance.
Be thankful for the expertise of scientists and farmers around the world. Without their knowledge, you would never be able to serve a banana at breakfast or collard greens at dinner, for instance.
What Vegetables are Artificially Selected?
Many of the most beloved vegetables came from artificial selection and crossbreeding. Broccoli, Brussel sprouts, cabbage, and collard greens, for instance, came from the mustard plant.
On the other hand, carrots and cucumbers received a completely new look through selective breeding. Even some beans, like soybeans, come from other legumes and crossbreeding.
Which Foods are Man Made?
The most common man-made foods found today are: bananas, corn, watermelons, apples, tomatoes, carrots, peanuts, strawberries, eggplants, oranges, cauliflower, broccoli and more.
What are Man Made Fruits?
Man made fruits are those created by humans through cross-breeding and selective breeding to create new varieties with desirable traits, such as flavour or appearance.
Which Fruits and Vegetables are Man-Made?
Broccoli, cauliflower, corn, bananas, carrots, watermelons, apples, peanuts, and many more fruits and vegetables are actually man-made.
What are Man Made Vegetables?
Man made vegetables is the definition of vegetables made by human interference, such as selective breeding, genetic engineering or the process of replicating its DNA.
Are Nuts Man Made?
Although most nuts are found in trees, some of the nuts we find in our local supermarket today are indeed man made.


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Let's learn how to draw Tsunomaki Watame from hololive 4th Generation today!
Tsunomaki Watame (角巻わため) is a Japanese Virtual YouTuber associated with hololive, as part of the Hololive 4th Generation. She is a wandering sheep bard. She is a 4 years old fluffy sheep with extended, fuzzy sheep-ears, which tend to wiggle involuntarily when she blinks.
Watame is one of the kindest and most emotional members among the 4th Generation. She is quite warm, friendly, possesses a gentle disposition, and often uses calm and polite language when speaking. Additionally, Watame is known for being exceptionally emotional – even to the point of crying and she often needs to take a moment to regain her composure before continuing. During gaming streams, she rarely shows frustration no matter the situation. Watame loves puns and wordplay, thus the puns for the names of her fans and members.
Her voice has been noted by fans to be especially soft, mature and womanly. She loves singing. On 12 July she debuted her first original song Aimai Chocolate. As Watame is a sheep, she also speaks their language. During her livestreams, one can often find some phrases replaced with bleats. Watame is heavily music-oriented and she has two regular music programs: "Watame no Uta", an early morning program that covers multiple songs that Watame made and "Watame Night Fever", a 2 hour long karaoke stream.
Watame's fans are officially called "Wata-mates" (わためいと) (Watame + Mates). Her YouTube members are referred to as "Member Sheep". Watame is known to be an avid snacker, being a herbivore with a particular predilection for potato chips. Her representative emote is a ram. Watame is also a gamer, though she is not as hardcore as other members of Hololive.
Step 1
As always all the blue and green lines are just construction lines and will be erased later so do not push on your pencil too much ^_^ I will try to be super efficient with the text so will only describe steps that require some explanation.
Make sure to leave enough free space on paper for next steps. You can see how much space you will need from the size of the paper on this picture.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Lighten all the construction lines by "stamping" the kneaded eraser on the paper. Make sure to refer to the picture bellow as you need to ink only some parts of the construction lines.
Step 10
Wait till the ink is nice and dry and erase all the construction lines.
Step 11
To add colors, make sure to sketch the color outlines with the right color or pencil first.
If your goal is to become a real Mangaka and design your own manga characters make sure to try to draw Tsunomaki Watame from memory several times. Always compare the drawing to the original and correct any mistakes you see. Do this till you are happy with the result. It doesn't have to look exactly the same, don't sweat the details. The point is that you get the main shapes right and that it looks good. This is the best way to build a huge library of manga shapes in your memory that you can use to draw and design your own manga characters ^-^.
Draw with passion! ^_^
Hiroshi (drawing by Bianchi)