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Tian (天 Pinyin Tiān) is the Chinese character for heaven or sky, though from earliest pre-history it has also connoted a force that was active in conditioning natural order and human life. As such, it holds an important place in many Chinese belief systems, such as Moism, Daoism and Confucianism. Further, the association between Tian (as Heaven) and the human political structure (with the king adopting the title tian zi ("Son of Heaven") led to the development of a uniquely Chinese understanding of the relationship between religion, politics and morality.
First and foremost, the Chinese word tian (represented by the character 天) refers simply to the celestial firmament.[1] Though later uses add considerable nuances to this basic notion (from the ideas of destiny and the relationship with proper leadership, to the moralization of the Confucian philosophers), it never loses this basic meaning.
Further, the significance of tian as a single character led to its frequent use in compound phrases (which pervade classical and poetic literature, and have also entered vernacular Chinese as idiomatic expressions). Two of the most common include tian xia (天下), meaning "under heaven" (which refers to the entire world (as everything is, quite literally, "under Heaven")),[2] and tian di (天地), literally "heaven and earth," but used to signify the entire universe (as everything, in the classical cosmology, belonged to the domain of one of these two polarities).[3][4]
In earliest Chinese history, it is postulated that the Shang dynasty (ca. 1766-ca. 1050 B.C.E.) (who worshiped a heavenly ancestor called Shang Di) were displaced by the more war-like Zhou (ca. 1050-256 B.C.E.), who instituted a new social order and a new religious system, centered around a sky god - a "deity above who rules the Heavens" (Tian).[5] [6] Under this system, Tian was considered responsible for the orderly functioning of the cosmos, including the maintenance of appropriate seasonal weather (allowing for maximal harvests and growing seasons).[7]
As with the (semi-)divine rulers of many early civilizations (including the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt and the emperors of the Incas), the first Chinese kings (wang 王) were understood to be directly affiliated with the cosmological order, as manifested by Tian. This connection is most readily apparent in an honorific often used to describe these monarchs: tian zi (天子), which can be literally translated as "Son of Heaven." Because of this purported lineal relationship, the king was understood to possess, via his station, a thaumaturgical ability to regulate the cosmos through ritual activity:
The king, the Son of Heaven, was the instrument by which this balance [between yin and yang, growing weather and harvesting weather] was maintained. His duty was to perform the sacrifices at appropriate times and establish a relationship between Man and Heaven. In his first beginnings the king was far more priest than soldier. His terrestrial duties of government could be delegated to lesser men, his ministers. He alone could perform the magical sacrifices which assured the harmony of the divine powers…. The Son of Heaven alone sacrificed to Heaven and Earth.[8]
The concept of Tian, in addition to its role in sacralizing the political order, moralized it as well. Specifically, the legitimacy of a king, including his right to rule, were seen from the Zhou dynasty onward as dependent upon receiving the Mandate of Heaven (tian ming 天命). As such, the rulership of the Middle Kingdom was, at least in theory, tied to the equitable use of power by those within the office. This understanding is evidenced in the relatively ancient Classic of History (a tome that came to be recognized as one of the Five Classics by the Confucian tradition):
A major impetus for the development of this doctrine was to legitimize the reign of the Zhou monarchs, who had, after all, conquered the territories belonging to the Shang dynasty. When moral excellence becomes a necessary component of maintaining Tian's sanction, usurpation by an ethical elite becomes a possibility:
The Son of Heaven could not properly fulfill his functions unless his moral nature was pure and his conduct above reproach. Heaven could not be served by a tyrant or a debauchee, the sacrifices of such a ruler would be of no avail, the divine harmony would be upset, prodigies and catastrophes would manifest the wrath of Heaven…. [Since the Zhou were invaders,] it was necessary to show why an alien family could be capable of performing the magical rites of the Son of Heaven, by which the harmony was maintained. The Shang dynasty had fallen, but their ruin had to be explained as the will of the great gods, of Heaven itself.[10]
Tian, in a religious (or at least cosmological) context, was one of the foundational concepts for Confucianism. Since each of the early Confucian scholars built their religio-philosophical worldviews around the idea of an orderly cosmos where people could lead meaningful lives, an understanding of Tian became central to their respective humanistic programmes. However, and in spite of this notable similarity, each of them also interpreted the term in a particular manner.
Confucius built upon the inherited, cultural understanding of Tian (described above) by reinterpreting it in an immanental, humanistic light. Though it was still understood to refer to Heaven (and to orderly natural processes), these processes were interpreted in light of their relationship to lived human experience. As Tu Weiming notes, "Confucius' insistence that he loved the ancients and that he was a transmitter rather than a maker symbolises his attempt to provide a transcendental anchorage for human civilization. To Confucius, what had already been created, notably the 'ritual and music' of the human community, was not merely of humans, it was also sanctioned and sponsored by the mandate of heaven."[11] Further, Confucian historicism can be seen as "predicated on a deep-rooted faith in the continuation of human culture not only as a historical fact but also as the unfolding of a transcendent reality."[12]
From this perspective, human life and culture have a transcendental referent, and are based upon the sanction of Heaven. "Tian is both what our world is and how it is. The 'ten thousand things,' an expression for 'everything,' are not the creatures of a tian which is independent of what is ordered; rather, they are constitutive of it. Tian is both the creator and the field of creatures. There is not apparent distinction between the order itself, and what orders it…. But tian is not just 'things'; it is a living culture - crafted, transmitted, and now resident in a human community."[13]
Despite the intriguing nature of these philosophical glosses, it is important to note that Confucius did not explicitly define his position on Tian, likely due to his general discomfort with discussing metaphysical or supernatural issues. As seen in the Analects (7.21):
"The Master had nothing to say about strange happenings, the use of force, disorder, or the spirits." Further, he often used the term in decidedly traditional ways, implying Heaven's active agency and involvement in human affairs. A clear example of this can be seen in the Master's mourning over his favorite disciple, where he laments: "Oh my! Tian is the ruin of me! Tian is the ruin of me!"[14]
For Mencius, Tian played a more particularized role than it did for Confucius. In his framework, Tian was the originator of humanity's tendencies toward moral order - a position that developed organically from the sage's conviction that human nature was fundamentally good. In the text ascribed to Mencius, he argues that:
If you let people follow their feelings (original nature), they will be able to do good. This is what is meant by saying that human nature is good. If man does evil, it is not the fault of his natural endowment…. The Book of Odes says, "Heaven produces the teeming multitude. As there are things there are their specific principles. When the people keep their normal nature they will love excellent virtue."[15]
The entirety of the Mencian position on this issue is elegantly summarized by Benjamin Schwartz:
Heaven has in fact endowed humans with a kind of transcendental 'heart within the heart' which is capable, through arduous moral effort expressing itself in moral decisions based on reflection and deliberate thought, of preserving the spontaneous heart of goodness and not losing contact with it through all the vicissitudes and assaults of our ordinary life…. [Those who follow this path] are able to understand the world in which they live, to feel at one with it and at one with Heaven. With Heaven's help, the noble man can help create world 'out there' in which all men will be able to reestablish contact with the inherent sources of their own natures.[16]
It is only by virtue of this "heavenly" endowment that orderly and ethical human conduct are possible.
Xunzi and Mencius present divergent (almost polar opposite) perspectives on the role of Tian in human affairs. Master Xun, following his aggressively humanistic program, argues vehemently for the lack of a divinely-ordained "goodness" within people, focusing instead on the role of teachers, exemplars, and proper rituals for inculcating moral sentiments. However, he still finds a place for the depersonalized Heaven (Tian) within his framework by postulating that its orderly operations provided the inspiration for the early sage-kings (who invented the rites): "the former kings looked up and took their model from heaven, looked down and took their model from the earth, look about and took their rules from mankind. Such rules represent the ultimate principle of community harmony and unity."[17] Commenting on this fruitful ambiguity, Benjamin Schwartz suggests: "We have already noted that the 'objective' order of society embodied in li and law is also on some level embedded in the order of Heaven and that in fashioning the human order the sages do not freely invent but actually make manifest a universal pattern somehow already rooted in the ultimate nature of things."[18]
By the Neo-Confucian period (ca. 1100 C.E.), the complex metaphysics postulated by the imported Buddhist tradition made the Tian-based cosmology of the early Confucian period seem relatively simplistic. Thus, the majority of these thinkers tended to build their philosophical systems around other concepts (most often vital force (qi) or pattern (li). At best, Tian became simply an analogue, as with Zhu Xi, who "identifies Principle with Heaven (tian), with the Way (Dao) and with the Supreme Ultimate (taiji), thus affirming that Principle is the origin of the world, the final sanction of life, the inner nature of all thins, and the power and source of evolution."[19]
For Laozi, Tian's role in creating and perpetuating the natural order is of ultimate importance:
Because of this disinterested (almost mechanistic) mode of operation, however, he cautions that Tian is utterly unconcerned with human welfare: "Heaven and Earth are not humane (ren). They regard all things as straw dogs."[21] The "straw dogs" mentioned in this passage were ritual implements that were revered prior to the performance of the rite and discarded immediately upon its completion.
Despite this somewhat traditional perspective, the Dao De Jing does make two notable additions to the classical understanding of Tian. First, it predicates the existence of Heaven upon the Dao[22] - a hitherto unprecedented metaphysical formulation. Second, it sets up Heaven and Earth, in their non-self-interested operation (wu-wei), as models for human conduct:
Zhuangzi, in the text bearing his name, develops some similar themes in his understanding of Tian. Specifically, he uses the concept of Heaven as a counterpart to Earth (in keeping with the idiomatic usage introduced above) and as a synonym for the "processual" aspect of the Dao[24]
As in the Dao De Jing, the Zhuangzi predicates Heaven upon the Dao, giving the latter term ontological primacy:
Zhuangzi further explores this unique understanding of Dao and Heaven through the parable of the "piping of the earth." In it, a student asks his venerable teacher how to effectively meditate (making "the body like a withered tree and the mind like dead ashes"). The teacher replies that doing so requires one to "hear the piping of Heaven." When asked to extrapolate, he continues:
In this tale, the relationship between Dao and Heaven is elucidated: the Dao is the source of change and action in the world (as it is the ultimate cause of the wind), and Heaven is the worldly, instantiated form of this process (as it is credited for directly causing action (by "blowing on [each of] the ten thousand things in a different way"). For this reason, the text suggests that one who can understand "the Way [Dao]… may be called the Reservoir of Heaven."[27]
The Moist tradition, which flourished during the Hundred Schools of Thought period (700-220 B.C.E.), propounded views of Tian that held much in common with their Daoist and Confucian contemporaries, though their conception of its nature and role were far more specific than either. Namely, they believed that Tian referred to a quasi-anthropomorphic deity who viewed human actions with omniscient vision and dealt out rewards and punishments accordingly. As described by Benjamin Schwartz:
The order of human society (and, one would presuppose, of the cosmos) is produced and maintained by the purposeful cooperation of Heaven, spirits, and men of good will in the face of what seems to be the inherently centrifugal tendencies of the pluralistic, recalcitrant world of the "ten thousand things." … Order must be imposed on chaos. Unless men believe that Heaven, the spirits, and they themselves can exert themselves constantly and without relaxation against the disintegrating tendencies, disorder and chaos will prevail.[28]
Despite the stated importance of Tian in this framework, it is not necessarily the case that Moism was a more religious doctrine than the Confucian or Daoist theories with which it was contending. As A. C. Graham notes, "there is little evidence of a spiritual dimension deeper than a guilty fear of ghosts. The Mohists are in a sense less religious than some they would denounce as skeptics. The awe and resignation with which thinkers as far apart as Confucius and Chuang-tzu [Zhuangzi] accept the decree of Heaven has much more of the sense of the holy than anything in Mo-tzu."[29]
The term Tian was used by early Christian missionaries (namely the Jesuits) as a fitting translation for the Christian "Lord" or "God" when compiling Chinese versions of the Christian Gospels. This presumed congruence is directly attested to by Matteo Ricci, who argued that:
Whether westerners or easterners, we have the same mind. The only difference lies in the languages. At the very beginning, Confucius said that to cultivate one should serve one's parents first and then extend to know Heaven. When it came to Mencius, he set up his theory of serving Heaven with your cultivation. That means serving Heaven is as same as serving one's parents since Heaven is the supreme parent of everything.[30]
While certain parallels between the concepts definitely exist, it is undeniable that using these terms in a one-to-one correspondence served to exaggerate similarities and disguise differences between the two traditions.
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Home » Energy
Category Archives: Energy
Crude Oil or Value-Added Oil Products?
by John Brian Shannon | May 8, 2016
For decades, easy access to crude oil powered the global economy and this is especially true in developed nations where the huge investment pool allowed governments and industry to capitalize on cheap energy costs. Cheap and easily available crude oil was a very necessary building block for the Western economies.
But the world is changing and although we aren't yet at the end of the 'Age of Oil' we're starting to see that day from afar.
We've come from $2 per barrel of crude oil (less than the cost of production at the time) to $125 per barrel and every price in between. On the supply side, we've seen the world's largest oil consumer (the U.S.) increase domestic production from 10% of its demand to meet almost 100% of its demand — an unprecedented change in the global oil industry.
Due to that farsighted U.S. policy, the world became mired in its own crude oil glut and correspondingly, crude oil prices fell in recent months, only now rebounding after visiting the $26 per barrel netherworld. As of this writing, crude oil is hovering around the mid-$40 range and looks set to end 2016 in the low $50's assuming the geopolitical paradigm remains stable.
How to Change the Oil Industry into a 'Win-Win' Proposition
Like many industries, the oil industry has evolved over decades of time and from humble beginnings. Had it been planned the oil industry wouldn't have its present structure and there wouldn't have been a need for a 'crude oil price' — as refining crude oil into finished products would've been the norm.
Evolution of the World's Largest Oil Producer
For decades the Saudis pumped and sold oil to the Allied Powers for less than the cost of production as their contribution to the massive Western effort against Nazi Germany and later against the West's Cold War competitor, the Soviet bloc nations.
Until the Arab Oil Embargo in 1974, the only money the Saudis made from oil was where they competed against every other oil speculator in the commodity market. They certainly didn't make anything on the extraction of the black stuff.
The Speculators in a Supply/Demand World
From the time each supertanker left port in Saudi Arabia until the moment they tied up at an oil refinery in the United States, speculators made huge sums or lost huge sums of money playing the crude oil supply/demand equation as each supertanker made its way from a Saudi port to an American port.
After some initial horrendous errors, the Saudis learned how to play the markets as well as New York's best oil speculators, and in that way many individual investors and Saudi Aramco (the largest oil company in the world by a significant margin) saw some amount of wealth created from their resource.
Prior to the Arab Oil Embargo the Saudis didn't make anything on the extraction side, but made it on the margins (speculating) by making educated guesses about the daily oil supply/demand equation of the United States. That's no way to run a railway!
The Rise of OPEC
By 1974 the Saudis and the other OPEC nations had had enough and via the Arab Oil Embargo were able to get a reasonable price for their crude oil and not be forced to rely on notoriously unreliable oil price speculation to finance 80% of their economy.
Since 1974, the Saudis (along with every other oil producer, including the United States) have been making money on (1) the extraction side, and (2) on speculation, and (3) on the refining side of the oil business.
Too many middlemen! You can plainly see that where there are three steps with each having its own profit, there should've only been one.
Had the oil business been planned-out from the beginning, we would've seen Vertical Integration — where one oil company owns its own oilfields and extracts its own oil, refines their own oil into useful products, and only then offers those value-added fuel products as commodities in the world marketplace.
What we have now is a paradigm where gross total demand sets the wellhead price on crude oil (which has a profit attached to it) and the speculating of oil-in-transit (which is where big profit gets attached) and then more profit is attached by an oil refinery — which are usually owned by a third party. No wonder they call it black gold!
In a suddenly very competitive oil world, how to cut 'fat' and add profit?
By creating vertically integrated oil companies where only one company extracts the crude oil, transports it to a refinery, refines it into useful products, and then sells those products as commodities, we cut out the middlemen while raising profits for oil companies and lowering costs for consumers. Perhaps by a significant margin.
How to 'Win-Win' in the 21st-century oil industry: Don't ever sell crude oil!
Sell finished petroleum products exclusively
Saudi Aramco is transferring to a Vertically Integrated business model — buying-out it's partner Royal Dutch Shell in a multi-billion dollar deal at it's massive Port Arthur, Texas oil refinery (the largest in the U.S.) which can process 600,000 barrels per day.
Saudi Arabia is already the largest single oil producer in the world (presently pumping just under 11 million bpd, but with the ability to pump 12.5 million bpd) and have been in the crude oil business longer than any other country, and own more supertankers than any other organization, business, or country, and are now purchasing oil refineries to complete the vertical integration of their business model.
This will allow the Saudis to lower their concern about wellhead price, and the speculation factor, and concentrate on supporting their best player — which is the refining stage. That is where the entire oil industry is going, some faster than others.
By concentrating on end products, Aramco and others will create new thrust towards the Vertically Integrated business model where resource extraction and transport are geared towards supporting their star player, their own oil refineries — wherever they may be located in the world. Profit at each step of the way will no longer be necessary nor desirable, cutting costs throughout their supply chain and adding profit to their value chain.
In a perfect world the Vertically Integrated business model will sweep past the existing 'multiple middleman' business model over the next decade and leave it in the dustbin of history.
Related Articles:
- Saudis to take control of largest U.S. refinery (CNN Money)
- Saudi Refining, Inc. and Shell sign letter of intent to separate Motiva assets (Motiva Enterprises press release)
Average annual OPEC crude oil price from 1960 to 2016 (in U.S. dollars per barrel)
Can We Afford Another Round of Climate Failure?
by John Brian Shannon | November 9, 2015
Climate scientists say we must decide (at COP 21) to dramatically lower our CO2 emissions or we lose our last opportunity to stop global warming at a scale never before seen.
How many climate scientists?
Houston, we have a problem
The question, "Is there any doubt that global warming could threaten plant and animal life on the planet?" no longer seems relevant due to the astounding amount of quality research done in recent years which proves we do, in fact, have a problem.
One wonders about the other question, "Are our politicians up to the task?"
Don't lose hope! There are some inspiring examples of environmental stewardship in the world
100% Now: Albania, Bhutan, Belize, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Iceland, Lesotho, Mozambique, Nepal, Norway, Paraguay, Tokelau, and Zambia, are countries that produce virtually 100% of their primary energy generation (electricity) via renewable energy, while Samoa will hit that standard by 2017. (All of these countries produce a minimum of 95% of their electricity via renewable energy, and all of them have plans to meet their 100% target within a few years. As always, easy access to low-interest financing is one way to enable those targets to be met by 2020)
See: List of countries by electricity production from renewable sources (Wikipedia)
100% by 2021: Costa Rica will hit its renewable energy target by the end of 2021. At present the Costa Rican electricity grid is powered by 94% renewable energy, but many days of the year renewable energy production exceeds 100% of demand allowing the country to export surplus electricity.
100% by 2030: Denmark and Scotland and are well on their way to hit 100% clean electricity generation by 2030 — while the Cook Islands, Tuvalu, and Kiribati in the South Pacific expect to become 100% clean energy powered by 2050 including all transportation.
90% Now: Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Laos all produce more than 90% of their electricity via renewable energy and have ambitious plans to increase those targets. Limited funding is a factor.
80% Now: Canada produces over 80% of its primary generation from renewable energy (hydro-electric dams and nuclear power stations, with assorted minor solar power and wind power installations) but has, so far, has no plan to convert the remaining 20% of its electricity generation to clean energy.
80% by 2025: Nicaragua has an aggressive renewable energy program to replace its primarily fossil fueled primary energy (electricity) with renewable energy. The country is blessed with radiant sunshine, healthy wind resources and volcanoes (geothermal) all it lacks is the financing to accelerate its planned targets.
80% by 2050: Germany, an advanced country of 82 million people gets almost 40% of its annual electricity from wind, solar and biomass power and has an ambitious two-track programme underway called Energiewende that is simultaneously a) shutting down all of Germany's nuclear power stations by 2022 (completely decommissioning them by 2045) and b) replacing that lost power generation with wind, solar, and biomass power.
By 2050 Germany expects to meet 80% of its electricity via renewable energy, and further plans to curtail energy use by 25% due to additional energy efficiency. The scale and speed of transition to clean energy in Germany is astonishing and enjoys broad support among the public.
See: German Renewable Energy Leaves Coal Behind (JBSNews)
20% by 2020: In the United States, primary energy (power plants that produce electricity or district heating, or both) are the single largest source of CO2 pollution.
Although a slow starter, the United States has made rapid advances toward a cleaner energy grid. Early legislation such as the Clean Air Act (1970, amended 1990) has now been joined by the EPA's Clean Power Plan.
See: How the Clean Air Act Has Saved $22 Trillion in Health-Care Costs (The Atlantic)
It's notable that the U.S. now spends more than any country in the world on its transition to clean energy and is quickly switching out of coal (good) to natural gas (better) and renewable energy (best).
China has the second-highest spend on renewable energy globally and breaks global solar and wind power installation records every year. By a wide margin.
And yet, all of it together isn't nearly enough to lower our present carbon emissions to a safe level
Not even close, as the carbon bender we've been on since 1988 is mind-numbing.
"By the end of this year, more than half of all industrial emissions of carbon dioxide since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution will have been released since 1988 — the year it became widely known that these emissions are warming the climate."
"The Global Carbon Project (GCP) estimates that in 2014, we will release a record 37 gigatons (GT) of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere from burning coal, oil, and natural gas, and manufacturing cement. That's a 2.5 percent increase over emissions in 2013, itself a record year."
"This brings the total industrial carbon dioxide emissions since 1751 to an estimated 1480 Gt by the end of this year. And, remarkably, more than half of these emissions, 743 Gt, or 50.2 percent, have released just since 1988." — Peter Frumhoff, Director of science & policy, Union of Concerned Scientists
See: Global Warming Fact: More than Half of All Industrial CO2 Pollution Has Been Emitted Since 1988 (Union of Concerned Scientists)
Most people are. Some 80% of North Americans want stronger government and corporate action towards cleaner energy, more efficient buildings and electric vehicles. Which is great.
But in 2014, some $548 billion dollars of subsidies were paid to the world's fossil fuel corporations. And they're in no mood to give it up.
Why would they?
Ever since large-scale coal, oil and gas extraction began around 1920, fossil fuels have been getting massive subsidies relative to their imprint on the economy.
If the plan at COP 21 is to remove those subsidies from the fossil fuel companies, then there is no point in anybody showing up there. At all. Because as far as plans go, that must surely be voted; "Least likely plan to succeed since there were rocks."
If the plan is to legislate ever stricter air quality standards (to the point where it has any real effect on total global emissions) get ready to pay even more subsidies — perhaps double.
Yet, if that's the plan, we might be wise to support it as we don't have a second Earth to fall back on.
A more effective plan would be to leave fossil fuel subsidies at their present level and begin to match renewable energy subsidies to the fossil fuel subsidy rate, based on the barrel of oil equivalent (BOe) standard and let the market work on a level-playing-field basis
In that way 'fossil fuel companies' would morph into 'energy companies' — instead of remaining coal-only, oil-only, or natural gas-only companies.
Stand back and watch the CO2 emissions fall through the floor if that ever happens!
Standardizing renewable energy subsidies to match coal, oil and natural gas subsidies, means that real and profound change would begin to take place throughout our energy sector.
It should be pointed out that a very good case could still be made for keeping natural gas alive and thriving (with no change to existing subsidies) to fuel the transportation sector.
See: Energy Darwinism – The Case for a Level Playing Field (JBS News)
Because of the (over-hyped) variability of renewable energy (the Sun doesn't always shine and the wind doesn't always blow) a massive shift towards natural gas (hundreds of times cleaner than coal, BTW) or battery storage will be needed to balance electrical demand. Perhaps both.
Natural gas (CNG) cars and trucks are affordable right now and can use the present distribution system as gasoline and diesel vehicles, while battery technology approaches the point of affordable battery systems for cars and trucks.
See: Clean Energy: Renewables & Natural Gas Powered Electricity Grids (JBS News)
Although there is reason for hope at COP 21 in December, the few examples above represent only a handful of nations acting on the scientific warnings about global warming
There are almost 200 nations that must become convinced of the need to act on climate change this December, and many of them will be negatively affected by sea level rise, desertification, drought/heat waves, premature deaths caused by air and water pollution (China 410,000 per year, the U.S. over 200,000 per year, and Europe over 400,000 per year).
See: Air Pollution Costs the West Almost $1 Trillion/yr (JBSNews)
Now that we have broad and deep consensus by climate scientists that global warming represents an existential threat to our planet, all that is required is the will to act.
Let's hope our politicians are bigger than the looming environmental maelstrom our civilization faces.
Related Articles:
How Canada Could Excel at COP 21
by John Brian Shannon | November 8, 2015
Canada could contribute to the COP 21 success story with a straightforward move towards cleaner and renewable energy
As a country that already sources 80% of its electricity demand from clean or renewable energy (mostly via hydro-electric power and nuclear power) it would be slam-dunk-simple to convert the remaining 20% of the country's national electricity grid to a combination of cleaner and renewable energy over a period of 10 years.
If the promising and newly-elected government of Canada — headed by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and assisted by Natural Resources Minister James Carr, and Environment and Climate Change Minister Catherine McKenna — followed the plan presented below, Canada could hit an easy home-run on the climate change file.
Remember, Canada already produces 80% of its electricity via clean or renewable energy. It only needs to succeed on cleaning up the remaining 20% of its power generation. Slam. Dunk. Simple.
- SLAM. Write legislation to ban the burning of coal within Canada by 2020.
BAM! We win. Canada is a renewable energy superstar and the talk of COP 21.
Canada can simply export that much more coal.
- DUNK. Of course, the country can't do without that 20% of primary power generation — most of which is coal-fired. Therefore, those coal-fired power plants must convert to natural gas by 2020.
This has been done by many utility companies in the U.S. and is a mature and thriving industry.
And whatever coal plants are too decrepit to convert to natural gas; Decommission them as part of the national energy infrastructure spending programme and replace them with true Hybrid power plants — where solar, wind, biomass and natural gas-fired electricity generators combine their various strengths to provide the same or more electricity than the decommissioned coal power plants they replace.
- SIMPLE. Direct the national energy infrastructure spending towards the goal of complete Canadian energy security, creating many construction and permanent jobs here in Canada.
We accomplish this by building the Energy East pipeline — but with a change-up to twin pipes.
FYI — Canada's crude oil has always been mixed with Saudi #2 (sweet) or Saudi #3 (semi-sweet) or Texas #3 (semi-sweet, a.k.a. Texas Intermediate) crude oil, in order to be clean enough to pass through the oil refinery without damaging the equipment.
Canadian crude oil barely registers #4 (sour) and is so corrosive that refineries refuse to refine it unless it is first diluted with liberal amounts of Saudi or Texas crude oil.
We need a twin-pipe system; One pipe to distribute the #2 or #3 crude oil (for dilution purposes) and the other pipe to carry our #4 crude oil to the refineries.
The Energy East pipeline should traverse all of the provinces and continue west into northeastern British Columbia, terminating in Yukon.
Why? To make Canada 100% energy self-sufficient.
As part of the national energy infrastructure spending programme, we should tender the construction of one oil refinery in each Canadian province appropriately-sized to the needs of that particular province with an additional 25% capacity built-in from day one.
That additional capacity helps to defray the cost of such refineries (via surplus finished oil product exports) and further, provides additional refining capacity in later years as Canada's energy demand increases.
Like the huge water desalination plants in the Middle East, oil refineries require monstrous amounts of electricity to power them. Which is why we need Hybrid power plant installations near such refineries as part of our national energy infrastructure programme.
In the 21st century, it's no longer all about being oil (only) or gas (only) energy companies or raw resource exporters. It's all about being energy companies — that is, companies that meet the energy demand of their customers with many types of energy.
Some would say more appropriate energy.
What are the benefits?
Canada would hit an easy home-run in Paris at COP 21.
Canada would be seen as an important partner at COP 21, as one of the countries helping to drive momentum towards a cleaner global energy paradigm. (After COP 21, countries are going to be treated as 'Part of the Solution' or 'Part of the Problem' depending upon their contribution or lack thereof, to combat climate change and help improve air quality in cities)
The country would easily surpass the Kyoto clean air standards that it failed to meet by opting-out of that agreement. 'Shamefully failed to meet' it must be said.
It would create 100% energy self-sufficiency for Canada (yes, we would still need to buy sweet Saudi or Texas crude oil to mix with our incredibly sour crude oil, but we would then export more refined oil product to other countries than we would buy) and thereby stabilize our transportation energy market in a massive way.
Thousands of construction jobs would be created to build the (twin pipe) Energy East pipeline, to build each provincial oil refinery, and to ramp-up the distribution network in Canada to deliver the domestically produced end products of our crude oil.
Canada would 'value add' to the energy it extracts from the ground and instead of being the historical 'hewers of wood and drawers of water' that we've always been, we could be energy independent while improving the domestic supply chain and the even more important value chain. Value added resource extraction. Now there's a thought!
It's so obvious that Canada should do this and it already has such huge support across the country, that even if gasoline were to cost 1% more at the pumps (for example) Canadians of all political stripes would flock to support it.
And the time to do it is now. If a Republican president is elected in the U.S.A. in 2016, the new president could conceivably 'pull out all the stops' to prevent Canada's energy independence from occurring before it ever gets started.
If Canada is a 'real country' then we need to act boldly and cut the energy apron strings from Momma America. (Don't get me wrong, I love the Americans. But Canada must do what's best for Canada and not be found to be working for a tiny number of (1%'er) Republicans in the United States)
It is time for Canada to step up to meet the challenges of our time, as previous Canadian leaders have met the challenges of their time. And this one should be an easy slam-dunk for Canada. All it takes, is the will to act.
The question is; "Does Canada have the right Prime Minister, the right Natural Resources Minister, and the right Environment and Climate Change Minister to make this a reality?"
My own sense is that the Trudeau government is 'bigger' than the problems Canada faces.
We'll know by December 12, 2015. Talk to you then…

subset: commoncrawl


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A customer or user wants to send bulk mails through a script or automated program. The used script or program connects via SMTP to a mailbox on your Exchange Server.
After a short while the mail submission stops with the following error message :
'4.4.2 Message submission rate for this client has exceeded the configured limit'
This is caused by the Message Rate Limit Parameter. This one is responsible for the message submission rate from a single source per minute. It can be found on the receive-connector or can be applied on mailbox level through a Throttling Policy. Since not many users use an automated email blaster, we created a new Throttling Policy and applied it only on certain mailboxes. The global message submission rate stayed default.
Create a new Throttling Policy with ThrottlinPolicyScope set to Regular to keep it on mailbox level. The example below raises the Message Rate Limit from 5 ( default ) to 200 :
New-ThrottlingPolicy -Name "Raise Message Submission Rate" -ThrottlingPolicyScope Regular -MessageRateLimit 200
Now apply the new policy to the mailbox you want to raise the Message Rate Limit :
Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit "TenantName" -Identity "MailboxName" | Set-Mailbox -ThrottlingPolicy "Raise Message Submisson Rate"
Check it with :
Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit "TenantName" -Identity "MailboxName" | select ThrottlingPolicy
The output should show the name of the just applied policy.
The users who reported this have not sent any further inquiries regarding this. We take this as a positive feedback. Of course this has been tested before.
For OnPremise Syntax please visit MultiTenant VS. OnPremise in the top navigation bar.
It makes sence to apply this together with a Recipient Rate Limit :
Recipient Rate Limit Throttling Policy Exchange


text: Lie on the floor with your legs straight and arms out to your sides (A). Raise your left leg and reach your right hand to touch your toes (or reach as close to your toes as you can), engaging your core and making sure both shoulders come off the floor (B). Return to the starting position. That's one rep. Repeat to the other side. Alternate until you've done 10 to 15 reps on each side.


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How To Plan For A Working Holiday
If you're in your 20's or early 30's it may be a good time to look at doing a Working/Holiday abroad. Do you ever get the feeling like things are getting a bit stagnant in your career or you're in one of those 'life ruts', or you just need to see more of the world? A Working Holiday helped me with all of that. There are just a few pointers I wish somebody told me before I went.
As someone who has used Working Holiday Visas (WHV) in Australia and New Zealand and also worked overseas without the WHV scheme I've learned a lot about my passions, skill sets, and strengths in the workplace. Working abroad has been some of the best times of my life where I was forced to work in some weird and unfamiliar but always fun and rewarding places.
This post isn't about the 60+ countries that offer WHV. Wikipedia has already done a great job of that. You can check that here. It's not about how easy it is to apply for the visas. And it's not a post about the top 10 best travel jobs.
This is about the things I wished I had known before I left to do a working holiday. So here's a short list that I hope will help you before you head out on your holiday of a lifetime.
1. Use your hobby as a job
What do you love to do? This can literally be anything. If you play an instrument you can teach music lessons or busk in a train station while traveling. Speak another language? Why not try to do some tutoring. Good at a sport? See if you can coach for some extra cash or even free accommodation. Here's some things to consider
- Stylist (hair, make-up, clothes)
- Writer
- Artist
- Photographer
- Instructor (surf, yoga, fitness, golf, scuba, etc)
- Promoter (concerts, festivals, bars, etc)
- Designer (graphic, websites)
The list goes on forever. The key here though is to do something you do often, and enjoy doing back home. I've honestly met so many people that followed their passions and stumbled onto something they love doing while overseas. Make an effort to do something you care about. There will always be toilets to scrub if all else fails.
2. Save, Save and Save
Yes, the plan is to work – but there are a lot of expenses that will appear last minute. First and last month rent, transport, mobile phone, uniform, etc. I have been so broke that I had to sneak into a hostel and sleep in a buddies bed for a week. Funny now, but I don't recommend getting into these dire situations. Save more than you think you'll need and make yourself a daily budget. When you're down to only a month left of funds you should have a job lined up. Money stress is never fun but it's especially uncool when you're overseas.
3. Network before heading out
As much as I enjoy showing up in a place and seeing what happens, I definitely could have planned better a few times. With all the social networking apps and sites now it's kind of a no-brainer to check them out. I did use sites like Workaway.com to help me find some work in a few places. There are plenty of FB groups for cities with large expat communities, and online job boards for places that get a lot of travellers looking for work. Do a quick search to see who and what is around.
4. Plan to have fun first and make money second
This hopefully is obvious. Don't get caught up in stressing about a job. This is the time of your life to do some work that you may never do again or perhaps find a job or industry you love. Put yourself out there to learn new skills, develop working relationships and discover what you're capable of. Plan to save the money while you're working to keep travelling. Travel the country you're living and working in or you can hop over to a nearby country and travel there for a bit. Who know's you may never be back there again, make sure to make the most of it.


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Welcome! This site is dedicated to providing solid evidence of Russian Aggression in Ukraine, the evidence provided on this site right now is not necessarily the latest nor is it comprehensive, if this is what you are looking for then censor.net.ua, informnapalm.org, lugansk-news, Belingcat case-studies and Top 140 Russian lies about Ukraine are highly recommended but it may require some digging. This wiki will strive collect and link to the best bits of evidence for Russian Aggression in Ukraine and present them in a short, easy to digest format.
Here are the topics that are being developed right now
Russian Military Hardware In Ukraine
Russian Soldiers in Ukraine
Russian Military Operations Against Ukraine
Russian Propaganda and Myths against Ukraine
Lies of Putin and his government
Historical Russian Aggression against Ukraine


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nikki_mv wrote:I am considering bringing a Teardrop camper to Yosemite. They have a small kitchen in the back area, cooking and prep work as well as a fridge. This is a very small trailer but with hard sides. I am worried that any smells related to the kitchen area could attract bears to my sleeping self in this tiny tin can. I have tent camped in Yosemite several times and never had bear problems but the idea of the trailer worries me. Any thoughts?
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 1 guest


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Media release – Not even high outback temperatures could stop the crowd cheer on for a record run at the 2017 Quilton Australian Dunny Derby with winners of the 2017 porcelain bowl local Winton Butcher "Runny Rumps" taking out the Derby, with runner ups "Pirates of the Cari-pee-an".
Pseudo American team, "The Trump Dump" took out the "Constipation Stakes". Other crowd favourites included teams called "Boggo Road", Luke and Cody Cook of the "2 Ply Guys", ABBA inspired "Waterloo", the surf rescue team from "Bogwatch" and even outback accountant O'Regan and Partners with their team "The Tax Dump" (just to name a few) getting in on the action.
Through the genuine fun of the Derby, the Outback Festival partnered with Queensland Health to help increase awareness of bowel cancer. Visitors supported "the push" with ultimate festival accessories this year being the "Make No.2 Your No.1 Priority" Bum Boxes.
Bowel cancer is a major cause of cancer related death for both men and women with around 80 Australians dying from the disease every week. The good news is, if detected early up to 90% of cases can be successfully treated. For more information on bowel cancer screening, visit www.qld.gov.au/bowelscreen.
Queensland's Chief Health Officer Dr Jeannette Young is proud to support an iconic regional event and reminds Queenslanders over the age of 50 to make bowel screening a priority.
"Partnerships like this one allow Queensland Health to further engage with Queenslanders on important issues like bowel cancer screening," she said.
Other festival highlights included Outback Ironman, Iron women and Iron Juniors, Bush Poets Breakfasts, Outback Century Cycle Challenge, Sunset Extravaganza Charity Dinners, five concerts including headline act Mental as Anything and didgeridoo master, William Barton, Kids workshops and dedicated Indigenous Cultural Program.
Like this? Read more caravanning news here
- Breaking – Kirribilli House to be replaced with caravan - August 24, 2018
- ROAM Issue 33 – Read It Online - May 25, 2018
- Australia's Best Bike Tracks Near Great Campsites - December 6, 2017
- Caravan Club Donates $1000 to RACQ Life Flight - December 5, 2017
- Motorhome Review – Horizon Melaleuca Appeal - October 21, 2017
- Winton's Dunny Derby Run and Won - September 28, 2017
- Motorhome Review – Sunliner Habitat - September 14, 2017
- Top 5 Nomad Towing Mistakes - August 25, 2017
- Camper Trailer Review – Blue Tongue Overland XF 2 - August 17, 2017
- Video – Mal Leyland visits Eden and Pambula - August 1, 2017


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by Public Relations
Sculptures made out of food cans — from the Philadelphia Love Park sign to the Empire State Building, the Stevens Student Center was complete CANdemonium in February!
Why all the hoopla? The Cedarville Student Government Association and Student Life teamed up for a fun, creative, can-do project that also benefits others.
Located in southwest Ohio, Cedarville University attracts 3,200 undergraduate, graduate, and online students to more than 100 areas of study. Cedarville is a Christ-centered learning community recognized nationally for rigorous academic programs, strong graduation and retention rates, accredited professional and health science offerings, and leading student satisfaction ratings. Visit the University online at www.cedarville.edu.


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This gorgeous frame is our take on a cat-eye Aviator. The special contours of this unique frame compliment all facial structures. Comprised of Stainless Steel to provide structural integrity it is our most light weight, comfortable and versatile style. The Alexandria lens are available in 100% UVA/UVB protected nylon or polarized nylon.
- Frame Fit: Medium
- Material: Stainless Steel
- Measurements: 58-14-140
- Hinge: 3 Barrel
- Lens: Nylon
We stand behind our promise of quality. If a manufacturing defect arises within one year of ownership, we will replace the frames or lenses free of charge upon verification of the defect. Learn more about our warranty here.
Sunglasses collect tiny particles of sand, ocean salt, pool chemicals, lotion, and sweat. These elements can wear down your eyewear over time. Rinse with clean water and wipe dry with a microfiber cloth on a regular basis.
We do our best to provide you the fastest shipping experience possible. Once you place an order, please allow 1-2 days for order processing. A tracking number will be emailed to you so you can track your order to your door.
If for any reason you are not happy with your Dynamikos Sunglasses, return them no questions asked. Read more about shipping & returns.


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Today's Lower Body Workout – Deadlifts, Squats, Leg Curls and Leg Extensions
In the Table below of today's lower body workout, please keep in mind the order of the workout. You do not have to follow that order, but I have found it to be effective, especially alternating between leg curls and squats. Each time I did leg curls which are in the second column, I would follow the leg curls with squats until I completed all of the squats that I wanted or felt strong enough to do. I am mainly interested in leg curls to warm up my hamstrings and balance the muscle workout of the quadriceps and my squats seem to be easier when doing leg curls in between each set of squats. After I have completed the squats, then I go to deadlifts and in between each deadlift set I like to do the leg extensions. Another reason that I like to alternate leg curls and squats and then deadlifts and leg extensions is to keep my legs warm and feeling more flexible. One more reason is for time savings. I generally rest a few minutes to a max of five minutes between each set and that is why it makes sense to me to save some time and work an opposing muscle group during the rest phase that is not being hit by the squats or deadlifts. You got me, leg extensions do hit the quadriceps which the deadlift does as well, but they are a pretty easy exercise sitting in a chair like the chairman of the board as opposed to the deadlift that takes so much out of you. Total time for today's workout was 50 minutes.
[table id=18 datatables_tabletools="true" /]
So today I did my high deadlifts of 170 lbs and high 5 repetition set of squats at 110 pounds. I also did my high 5 set repetition of deadlifts of 165 pounds. Even I was shocked! I never imagined that I could do 5 repetitions of 165 pounds but while I was in the gym this morning I saw a guy doing many repetitions of deadlifts with over 300 pounds, let me figure it out, he had 3 45lb plates on each side of the olympic barbell which is 135lbs on each side plus another 25 pound plate which equals 160lbs x 2 = 320 pounds plus the weight of the barbell itself which is 45 pounds for a grand total of 365 pounds…..yowsa! When I saw that, I pushed myself a little harder and tried to emulate his style a bit which was to lower the bar and hit the floor and come back up right away. In the past, I would lower the weight and let it sit and then try to lift it again. I have to try this way out for a bit but it did feel good. See, this is a good reason to go to a gym where there are more people who have more expertise than you do. On that note, I am going to be publishing an interview soon that I am doing with Peter G. Hammer who is a personal trainer at New York Sports Club. He is the real deal and seems quite fit but I will let him tell you everything. I have seen him do many reps of controlled pullups and squats, just about any workout you would imagine. He must have some secrets that he can share with us newbies!
Today as I mentioned above, I was inspired to attempt to up my game on deadlifts and instead of starting my deadlift workout with 95 pounds and building up to 135 lbs, I began the deadlift workout with 135 lbs and did 5 repetitions right out of the gate! I have to admit, that felt pretty good, alot better than just one repetition. So I did the same for the following sets:
By the time that I got up to this point in my deadlift workout, 165 pounds, my hands were killing me, especially my palms. It would probably be a good idea to have some type of gymnastic chalk or gloves, but on the other hand, I want to keep building up my hand and grip strength, so I will just keep doing the deadlifts without the gloves. In any case, I did 5 reps with 165 pounds, my absolute highest weight that I have ever deadlifted for 5 repetitions.
After deadlifts, I went over to leg extensions and did 5 set of 5 reps starting with the default weight of 25 pounds and going up to 55 pounds.
So there you have it, a full lower body workout for today which took all of approximately 45 minutes to do.
What was your workout today?
How did it go?
Are you making progress?
Are you keeping track of your progress?
If you want to keep track of your progress on hashimashi.com, just let me know and I will set you up to be an author!


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Saturday 17th August, 12 – 6 pm
Sunday 18th August, 12 – 6 pm
Join Sam Ashby, Jesse Darling, Fabienne Hess and Jon Rafman for a special two-day open studio exhibition. This is an opportunity to see new work in the process of its development. Works will range from a new science fiction short film filmed in Second Life, an unfathomable gelatin sculpture, a bespoke publishing project and a new slide-projection, and more.
The event will be followed on Sunday by a special evening of GLTI.CH Karaoke from 7 PM to 11 PM.
More info on the latter here: http://thewhitebuilding.org.uk/whats-on/glti-ch-karoake/
Image credit: Fabienne Hess.


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As Valentines Day is around the corner, the most famous chocolate company, Toblerone has organized a contest named – " Spread The Gift Of Love" and I have decided to share with you guys here.
What this contest is all about? It actually helps you to put gift together, and may even rewards you for it. Rewards? You may wonder in what ways rite? :)
How Do You Win This Contest?
Just follow this 3 simple steps below:
- When you sign up, do share a little about yourself and in case if you win, Toblerone need to know who to send the Grand Prize to.
- Create virtual gift using the step-by-step "I Toblerone U" gift maker
- Submit up to 5 different virtual gifts. Who knows? One these gifts might just end up a reality
The Prizes
Wondering what you can win from Toblerone with this contest? With the tagline – "Why send one gift when we can help you send more!" really captivates me as they are giving out great prizes as below:
Terms & Condition
- The contest is open to all residents of Malaysia and Singapore only – sorry guys if you are not from both countries :)
- To participate the I Toblerone U Contest, an unique code will be required and the code is available in the Toblerone Mini Gift Box upon purchasing it. Each unique code may only be used once.
- The contest will be held from 12th January to 12th February 2008.
Join "Spread The Gift Of Love" contest by clicking on the Toblerone image below.
PS: For your information, you may submit the gift to anyone including your parents, siblings, loved ones, or even the guys/girls that you are going after. This is a good chance to show and share your passion during this Valentine's! Or if you are single, you may also submit my name there! If you need my personal info, contact me here. :)
Bloggers, do share this contest with your readers. Do appreciate if you guys do a pingback to this post. Thanks
Related Posts
- Vote Cupid Blogger Dot Com For A Free Web Design Contest
- Cupid Blogger Valentine's Day Blog Contest
- Beercamp Valentine's Day Party Review
- Join The Biggest Valentine's Day Party In Kuala Lumpur
- Get Tested For STDs – Take Charge of Your Health
- Check Out Cupid Blogger Featured Article On C8life
- Love Today Or Love Everyday?
- First Date Do's And Don'ts – Part 1
- Cupid Blogger Valentine's Day Blog Contest Winners
- (M)y (V)alentine


text:
Adding SSL / HTTPS to your Site
Increase Security, Search Presence, and Future Proof Yourself!
An SSL certificate is a wise addition to your website. By encrypting your traffic with an SSL certificate, you're signalling that you're enhancing the security of your visitors.
Why does this matter? Let me explain:
A secure connection (SSL) shows your visitors AND search engines (Google) that you've taken steps to keep user information safe from prying eyes. This has become a ranking factor for Google so they'll consider your website favorably when determining search results.
Sign up for more updates!
Google's Chrome browser has warned that any website which handles sensitive user information should have an SSL certificate to ensure safety. Those websites that do not, will receive a warning when users try to submit data (example: on a form, post, payment etc) See original post here.


text:
Hebrews 3:1 New King James Version (NKJV)
The Son Was Faithful
3 Therefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and High Priest of our confession, Christ Jesus,
New King James Version (NKJV)
Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
You'll get this book and many others when you join Bible Gateway Plus. Learn more
Starting your free trial of Bible Gateway Plus is easy. You're already logged in with your Bible Gateway account. The next step is to choose a monthly or yearly subscription, and then enter your payment information. Your credit card won't be charged until the trial period is over. You can cancel anytime during the trial period.
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Upgrade, and get the most out of your new account. An integrated digital Bible study library - including complete notes from the NIV Study Bible and the NKJV MacArthur Study Bible - is just a step away! Try it free for 30 days.
Three easy steps to start your free trial subscription to Bible Gateway Plus.


text:
What books do eTextilers take to summercamp? Here they are (alphabetical by title)!
Architecture in the communist project : Romania 1944-1989 by Ana-Maria Zahariade
The Art of Manipulating Fabric by Colette Wolff
The Ashford Book of Rigid Heddle Weaving by Rowena Hart
Change by Design by Tim Brown
Clothing Biosensory Engineering by Yan Li and A. S. W. Wong
Cookie! by Jan Verwoert
Creative Confidence by Tom and David Kelley
Developments in Medical Textiles by S. Rajendran and S. C. Anand
Encyclopédie des Ouvrages de Dames by Thérèse de Dillmont
The Field Guide to Human-Centered Design by IDEO
Findings – The Material Culture of Needlework and Sewing by Mary C. Beaudry
Folding Techniques for Designers by Paul Jackson
Fourth Treasury of Knitting Patterns by Barbara G. Walker
Geometrical Methods of Mathematical Physics by Bernard F. Schutz
Go Wild with Quilts – Again! by Margaret Rolfe
Hand Knits by Machine by Susan Guagliumi
Hand Manipulated Stitches by Susan Guagliumi
The Invention of Craft by Glenn Adamson
Le Corbusier Exhibition Catalog by Centre Pompidou
A Machine Knitter's Guide to Creating Fabrics by Susanna Lewis (Author), Julia Weissman (Author), seems not to be available anymore… However, it is frequently available used on Amazon.com. Prices range from $40-100 USD.
Make: Electronics by Chris Platt
Makers: the new industrial revolution by Chris Anderson
Material Revolution 2 – New Sustainable and Multi-Purpose Materials for Design and Architecture by Sascha Peters
On Craftsmanship: towards a new Bauhaus by Sir Christopher Frayling
Open Here : The Art of Instructional Design by Paul Mijksenaar and Piet Westendorp
Short Circuits by Kylie A Peppler (Autor)
Social Fabric by Michelle Baggerman
The Subversive Stitch by Rozsika Parker
Tell Me What You Want, What You Really, Really Want by Jan Verwoert
Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman
Traditional Fair Isle Knitting by Sheila McGregor
The Weaver's Idea Book by Jane Patrick
Volume I: Timer, Op Amp & Optoelectronic Circuits and Projects by Forrest M. Mims
Volume III: Electronic Sensor Circuits and Projects by Forrest M. Mims


text: Enjoy this awesome bike and atv racing games with your friends in an epic 2 player split screen mode. Make sure you win first place to earn money and unlock new better bikes and levels and improve your driving skills to be the best in the game! Good luck and have fun! Single player mode or player 1: Arrows - Driving / H - respawn / SPACE - nitro. Split screen or player 2: S,F,E,D - Driving / C- respawn / SHIFT - nitro // published 11/07/2018


text:
'Tis the Season for our Annual Christmas Display Contest in Hidden Valley & Hanson Ranch…. We are so pleased to announce that we are able to offer ONE GRAND PRIZE of $2,000 this year! We have a fabulous lineup of See below for the guidelines and rules! We hope to see your displays up and glowing on the evening of Tuesday December 19th, 2017!
Robyn Moser is an independent member/broker with CIR Realty.


text:
Blood pressure a key measure for health
High blood pressure can lead to heart and kidney disease.
The Michigan Health and Wellness 4x4 Plan is made up of four health behaviors and four health measures that can benefit every Michigan citizen. The plan was developed to combat the rising incidence of adult and child obesity in the state. By following the plan each of us can improve our health and avoid obesity.
The four health behaviors are: maintain a healthy weight, engage in regular exercise, get an annual physical exam and avoid all tobacco use and exposure. The four health measures are body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar/glucose level. Let's take a look blood pressure.
In order to have a healthy heart, our blood pressure should be within a healthy range. Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension) increases risk of heart attack, stroke and kidney disease. What is a healthy blood pressure? As explained in the Michigan Health and Wellness 4x4 Plan, less than 120/80 is considered healthy or normal. A blood pressure between 120-139/80-89 is considered "pre-hypertension," and a blood pressure of 140/90 or above is considered hypertension.
There are many factors that affect blood pressure, including the amount of water and salt in the body, the condition of the kidneys, nervous system or blood vessels, and/or hormones. Some people are more prone to high blood pressure than others, including those of African American descent, those who are obese, and people who suffer from stress and anxiety. Smoking, diabetes and eating a diet high in salt can also contribute to high blood pressure. Drinking too much alcohol can contribute as well. According to the National Institutes of Health, that would be more than one drink per day for women and more than two drinks per day for men. A family history of high blood pressure can also be a risk factor.
People with high blood pressure often experience no symptoms. That's why it's important to have blood pressure checked regularly. Unchecked high blood pressure can lead to heart disease and kidney problems.
"Pre-hypertension" is often managed through lifestyle changes such as losing weight, eating a heart-healthy diet, exercising, and quitting smoking. Blood pressure can also be controlled by limiting alcohol, limiting salt in the diet, and reducing stress. High blood pressure can be managed through medication prescribed by a health care provider.
Did you find this article useful?


text:
3500 Weston Rd
Directions Davie, FL 33331
At Rick Case Alfa Romeo, we take great pride in being one of the premier resources for all things Alfa Romeo. From sales to maintenance, we've been working with drivers of these exquisite Italian luxury cars from Boca Raton to Miami, FL and all points in between for quite some time now.
Given our years of Alfa Romeo service experience, we can confidently attest that the team here at our Davie, FL Alfa Romeo service center knows all the intricacies of each and every Alfa Romeo model. And if you'd like to know a bit more about how to properly care for your Alfa Romeo car, we've had our team compile a brief rundown of the most common things that they think drivers from Ft. Lauderdale, Weston, and Davie, FL should know about Alfa Romeo maintenance and repairs.


text:
Does My Baby Have a Speech Delay?
Identifying problems early is key to ensuring that kids who need therapy can get help.
Your child's development and more evidence-based guidance.
Follow NYT Parenting
Information, advice and support for parents of children with special needs.
Free access to quality care accelerated his recovery after a prenatal stroke.
Autistic moms can face judgment while struggling with their own diagnosis and advocating for their children.
With many unknowns about the long-term consequences of certain drugs, experts are considering alternatives.
Transitioning my daughter with Down syndrome into our local elementary school was worth every sleepless night.
Privacy concerns caused the computerized eyewear to fail with the general public. But researchers believe it could help autistic children learn to recognize emotion and make eye contact.
Federal law guarantees support and accommodation for disabled students during the school year. For many families, that's three months too little.
When we see it as a fad, separate from the actual deaf people who use it to communicate, we lose sight of the stakes of language.
"People don't truly understand what A.D.H.D. is and why a kid who's bright can't just grit his teeth and get it done," a child psychiatrist says.
The social network has helped many parents of kids with special needs feel less alone.


text:
قام الآتي أسماؤهم بالتدريس في واحدة أو أكثر من الدورات التريبية لجامعة صحة الشعوب الدولية، أو ساعدوا في تنظيم هذه الدورات.
(الرجاء مراسلة المنسق في حالة ما إذا سقط اسمكم من هذه القائمة عن غير قصد، أو في حالة ما إذا تم وضع التفاصيل الخاصة بكم بطريقة ترونها غير صحيحة أو غير لائقة. الرجاء إمدادنا برابط للصفحة الرئيسية التي تخصكم على الإنترنت (إذا كان لديكم واحدة)، وبتفاصيل الاتصال الخاصة بكم (إذا لم تكن هناك مشكلة في وضع وسائل الاتصال بكم في القائمة).)
ليتيشيا أرتيليز, Cuba. Senior Professor at Higher Institute of Medical Sciences in Cuba. Joint General Coordinator of the Latin American Association of Social Medicine (ALAMES) and member of the Board of the International Association of Health Policy (IAHP). Contributed to IPHU Course in Cuenca July 2005.
كارمين مرسيدس بايز. Médica de clínica general especializada en salud pública, activista de salud. Formada en la República Popular de Mozambique donde trabaja durante la guerra y sequía como pediatra. Más tarde trabaja en la Sudáfrica post-Apartheid, donde participa en el diseño de las políticas de Atención Primaria de Salud y en el desarrollo de sistemas de salud, a través de su trabajo en una prestigiosa ONG local denominada Health Systems Trust (HST). Obtiene una Maestría en Salud Pública en la Universidad de Western Cape en Sudáfrica.
Desde estudiante, y como parte integral de su Curricula, enseña y capacita a trabajadores de salud. En Sudáfrica en 1995 se desempeña como profesora suplente en la cátedra de Salud Comunitaria Infantil, de la Universidad de Witswatersrand. Su tarea en HST como facilitadora del proceso de descentralización de distritos de salud en Sudáfrica, es basada en gran parte, en la capacitación y docencia a todos los niveles de trabajadores de salud, incluyendo a miembros de la comunidad y políticos. En el año 2006 enseña en la Universidad de Pretoria de forma esporádica. Realiza en el 2005 un estudio de la equidad en salud en todos los países del Este y Sur Africanos investigando la influencia de la participación comunitaria y gobernabilidad en las políticas de salud.
Es integrante del Movimiento de Salud de los Pueblos desde Bangladesh. Participa como voluntaria en las dos Asambleas de Salud de los Pueblos.
En 2004 recibe la Medalla de la Amistad del Consejo de Estado Cubano por sus actividades de solidaridad con este país.
En el año 2006 regresa a su país natal Argentina después de 30 años de exilio. Trabaja como coordinadora de la Comisión de Salud en el Instituto de Asociativismo y Economía Social (INAES). En 2007 es coordinadora y co-autora del libro: "Las cooperativas y mutuales en la Republica Argentina".
En la Argentina, participa activamente en el Foro Ramón Carrillo de la Legislatura Porteña, en la Comisión de Medicina Internacional del Consejo Consultivo de la Cancillería- Iniciativa Somos MERCOSUR como representante del Movimiento de Salud de los Pueblos.
فرانسواز بارتين, Nijmegen University, Holland; also honorary staff member of the UNAN university in Leon, Nicaragua, the School of Public Health (CIES) of Nicaragua and the UMSS in Cochabamba, Bolivia). Contributed to IPHU Course in Cuenca.
فرانسيس باوم, Australia, Researcher and teacher at FlindersUniversity, Adelaide, Australia. Her main interests are in understanding what makes progressive primary health care and health promotion work, including processes of participation and in understanding the global, national and local causes of health inequities and how they can be reduced. She is an active member of the International People's Health Council and the People's Health Movement and a member of the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. Contributed to IPHU Course in Cuenca in 2005 and the Vancouver Workshop in June 2007.
أليكسيس بينوس, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki. Public health. PHM. Cuenca 2005.
فرناندو بورجيا. Sociólogo y Magister en Sociología (UDELAR), candidato a Doctor en Ciencias Sociales (UBA). Coordinador del Cono Sur (Bolivia, Paraguay, Chile, Argentina y Uruguay) de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Medicina Social (ALAMES) (2004-2009), Ex Secretario Ejecutivo de ALAMES (2001-2006). Integrante del Grupo Organizador de los Foros Sociales de Salud (Uruguay) (2005-2008). Integrante del Capítulo Uruguayo de la Plataforma Interamericana Derechos Humanos Democracia y Desarrollo (PIDHDD-Uruguay) (2004-2008). Asesor de la División Salud de la Intendencia Municipal de Montevideo (IMM) (1996-2007). Profesional del Instituto de Estudios Municipales (IEM-IMM) (2008). Miembro del Equipo Editorial de la Revista Bilingüe On-line Medicina Social.
ليليانا مابل بورساني. Argentina.Médica y docente.Universidad Nacional de la Plata.Miembro activo del MSP.Coordinadora a nivel local del movimiento por la salud de los pueblos latinoamerica.Directora general de salud del partido de Florencio Varela-Buenos Aires.Especialista en medicina de familia y en salud social y comunitaria.Investigadora.Especialista en gestión de sistemas de salud y seguridad social.Disertante en foros de la catedra abierta del pensamiento humanistico del Che y Espejo(2003).UNiv de Cuenca.Disertante en la II asamblea por la salud de los pueblos en el encuentro de adolescentes(2005)
ظفر الله شوادري, Bangladesh, founder and director of Gonoshasthaya Kendra People's Health Centre. Director of IPHU Course scheduled to be held in Savar, Bangladesh in November 2007.
جيف كونانت, Jeff Conant, USA, is a writer and educator involved with PHM particularly around the Right to Water, serving as a liason between PHM and other networks, such as Friends of the Right to Water and the Red Vida. Lead author and coordinator of Hesperian Foundation's forthcoming (2008) book, A Community Guide to Environmental Health, his interests span all areas of environmental health and human rights. As a journalist, he regularly publishes articles in independent media outlets. He contributed to the IPHU at the US Social Forum, Atlanta, 2007.
مارتا كونتي, Possui graduação em Psicologia pela Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (1983), mestrado em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (1994) e doutorado em Psicologia (Psicologia Clínica) pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (2001). Atualmente é estatutária, técnica em saúde e ecologia humana e Coordenadora de Ensino da Escola de Saúde Pública da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Tem experiência na área da Clínica Psicanalítica e Saúde Coletiva atuando na perspectiva da transdisciplinariedade e da clínica ampliada nos seguintes temas: drogas, violências, laço social e contemporaneidade, saúde mental e políticas públicas.
ديلين دي لاباز, Philippines. Convenor of Global Health Program, University of the Philippines School of Family and Community Medicine. Leading member of IPHC and PHM. Contributed to IPHU Course in Cuenca in July 2005 and to the IPHU Leadership Workshop in Bhopal in April 2007.
رافي دوجال, India, independent researcher and health activist. He has academic degrees in sociology and management and 28 years of experience in research, training and advocacy on health issues including health systems and policies, health economics and financing, reproductive health, health databases and information management, budget analysis and advocacy, governance and other development issues. He has worked in the past with institutions such as Foundation for Research in Community Health, Ministry of Health - Govt of India, SWISSAID, Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes, and been a visiting Faculty at Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Achutha Menon Centre for Health Sciences and Studies and University of Mumbai. Presently he supports Action Aid International on a consulting basis in developing capacity of its Partner Organisations across nine South and South East Asian countries. He is also been active in the Peoples Health Movement in India and in other global initiatives like GEGA and IFHHRO. Participating in Jaipur IPHU March 2008.
إدواردو إسبينوزا, El Salvador, medical doctor, Master in Public Health, Professor at the University of El Salvador in Health Systems and Health Policy; researcher in health sector reform; during the civil war in El Salvador (1975 to 1992) he was in charge of medical services in conflictive areas, and in capacitation of health activists of the insurgent forces and from the civil people in this areas without medical services from the government. He was imprisoned and tortured on two ocassions in 1978 (two months) and 1985 (eight months). Following the peace accords in 1992 he returned to the University of El Salvador to research and teach public health. Between 1995 and 1999 he was Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of El Salvador (UES). Contributed to IPHU Course in Cuenca in July 2005.
جابرييل جارسيا ساليانو is a medical doctor and community organizer who has worked since 1983 to train community health promoters, provide health education and mobilize community leaders in rural Chiapas, Mexico. He has been a member of EAPSEC since 1992.
باتريشيا جينرو روبينسون, possui graduação em Psicologia pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (1992), especialização em Saúde Comunitária pela Universidade Luterana do Brasil (1995) e mestrado em Psicologia Social e da Personalidade pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (1998). Atualmente é Psicóloga da Escola de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Sul e Professora universitária da Faculdade Monteiro Lobato. Tem experiência na área de Saúde Coletiva , com ênfase em Saúde Mental Coletiva.
كاميلا جيجلياني, Brazil, is a family physician and doctoral student in Epidemiology and Primary Health Care at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in Porto Alegre, Brazil. She's involved in a cooperation project with Angola and is particularly interested in PHC in Africa and in the work of community health workers. She has participated in the IPHU Savar, Bangladesh in 2007, and has been working for the building of PHM Brazil. Camila and Denise Nascimento were the principal organisers of the IPHU in Porto Alegre, Brazil, September 2008.
أميت سان جوبتا . Amit Sen Gupta has trained in medicine and works on issues related to public health, pharmaceuticals policy, and other S&T policy issues like Intellectual Property Rights. Has been associated with the Delhi Science Forum – a public interest organisation working on S&T Policy issues -- for the past 20 years. Has lectured and written extensively on these issues, including in journals, newspaper and magazines. Has edited a book on the Drug Industry in India titled "Drug Industry and the Indian Peopleâ€. Was involved in a landmark Public Interest Litigation on the issue of banning of hazardous and irrational drugs in the Supreme Court of India. Has also been involved in implementation of a number of programmes on rural industrialisation through the Centre for Technology and Development – projects that are supported by the Deptt. of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Rural Development in India. Amit is associated with many other networks and organisations. Participated in Jaipur IPHU course, March 2008.
ناريندرا جوبتا. A physician by training Narendra has worked extensively at the grassroots level with tribal and other marginalized communities in western India. He has been active in planning and implementing community based health care models, training health care providers and community representatives in socio-epidemiologically informed health care delivery systems. He has directed a very large volunteer-based programme in the state of Rajasthan to promote birth spacing and also advised Ministry of Rural Development of India Government to incorporate disability and health concerns in rural development programmes. He has advised and trained government health managers, administrators and judiciary on gender & health, inequities in health and related issues. Currently working with Prayas at Chittorgarh and Centre for Health Equity at Jaipur.
ماريا هاملين زونيجا, Nicaragua, Long time community health activist in Central America including developing and supporting community based health programs. Also founding convenor of the International People's Health Council. Participated in IPHU at Cuenca 2005 and Bhopal and Vancouver in 2007.
إرنو هارزهايم is a family physician graduated at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (1998), PhD studies in Preventive Medicine and Public Health at Alicante University (2004) and Epidemiology (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - 2006). Is currently Associate Professor at the Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, where he coordinates the Primary Health Care Research Group. Special interest in the following fields: Family and Community Medicine, Primary Health Care, Epidemiology, Evaluation of Health Services, and Telemedicine and Telehealth.
بارفيز إمام. Film maker. Jaipur, March 2008.
تيج رام جات, India. He has formal training in health policy, planning and financing with special emphasis on health systems research, community participation and health economics. He has been involved in planning and implementation of large-scale projects involving people's participation in India for last 10 years on a breadth of issues including community health, gender, comprehensive primary healthcare, equity in health, health financing and community monitoring of health services. He has been associated with Jan Swasthya Abhiyan (Peoples Health Movement), Medico Friends Circle, People's Union for Civil Liberties and World Social Forum. His areas of interest are equity in health, social determinants of health, intersectoral convergence, health financing, budget analysis, community based planning & monitoring of health services and evidence based policy advocacy. He has been a participant and local liaison person for IPHU workshop, Bhopal, March 2007, participant in IPHU, Savar, November 2007 and contributing in IPHU, Jaipur, March 2008.
بريم جون و هاري جون, India. Trained together at ChristianMedicalCollege, Vellore and for 16 years practised unorthodox solutions to the problems of the poor in Deenabandu (not merely health) and trained a large number of grassroots, mid-level and higher health workers. Gave up the practice of western medicine fifteen years back and now only practise alternatives - herbal remedies, alternative practices such as massages, acupressure, cutaneous acupuncture, energy therapy, homoeopathy and such. Contributed to IPHU Course in Cuenca in July 2005. Prem John actively involved in preparations for Savar November 2007.
لويس جوستو, paediatrician, epidemiologist, ethicist, philosopher. Argentina. Cuenca 2005
مايا كاجيس, public health consultant. Long experience and continuing interest in international health. Contributed to IPHU Course in Cuenca in 2005 and to the Vancouver Workshop in June 2007.
رونالد لابونتي is Canada Research Chair in Globalization and Health Equity at the Institute of Population Health and Professor in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa. Prior to his appointment in 2004 at the University of Ottawa, he was founding Director of the Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit (SPHERU), a bi-university interdisciplinary research organization committed to "engaged research†on population health determinants at local, national and global levels. Before working on globalization and health, Ron worked, consulted and published extensively on health promotion, empowerment and health and community development. Contributed to IPHU Workshop in Vancouver, June, 2007. (070823)
دافيد ليج, Australia, teaches health policy and public health at La Trobe University in Australia. He has a strong interest in the political economy of health and the comparative study of health systems with a particular interest in health care in China. He is a member of the IPHC and the PHM and is active in the People's Health Movement in Australia. He is current academic coordinator of IPHU. Participated in Cuenca, Bhopal, Vancouver, Atlanta. (070823)
ماورين ماكوي,. USA. Convenor Global Health Stream, University of Iowa. Contributed to Atlanta 2007.
ثيو ماكدونالد. Active in health promotion and international equity in health. Theoretically "retired" (former prof and director of PG Studies in Health at Brunel Uni, London), but active in publishing and research. Member of the Institute of Human Rights and Social Justice at London Metropolitan University. Author of Third World Health: Hostage to First World Wealth (foreword by Archbishop Desmond Tutu). Cuenca 2005.
ستيلا نازاريث مينيجيل, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Public health researcher and Senior Professor at Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil (UNISINOS). Professor of Rio Grande do Sul State University and Advisor of Public Health School/Porto Alegre. Research themes: women and family violence and vulnerabilities.
خوليو مونسالفو, Argentina. Meaning, spirit and health. Cuenca 2005.
ثيلما نارايان, Community Health Cell, India. Public Health Consultant of Society for Community Health, Awareness, Research and Action,Bangalore, Karnataka, India- A policy research and training centre that works with people movements, civil societies, state and national governments, and international health agencies in promoting the social/community/rights paradigm of health and health care. Active member and joint convenor of PHM India till recently( Jan Swasthya Abhiyan) and Global People Health Movement. Epidemiologist and public health policy analyst who works with various national health initiatives including National Rural Health Mission, National Health System Resource Centre, and has evolved public health and primary health care oriented state health policies in Karnataka and Orissa state. Has been the member of the Measurement and Evidence Knowledge network of the WHO commission on Social Determinants of Health. Was resource person/faculty at IPHU session in Bhopal India 2007. ( see www.sochara.org; www.phm-india.org; and www.narayanblog.blogspot.com ) Bhopal Course in March 2007.
رافي نارايان, India. Community Health Advisor of the Society for Community Health Awareness, Research and Action, Bangalore, Karnataka State, India ( www.sochara.org) a policy research and A policy research and training centre that works with people movements, civil societies, state and national governments, and international health agencies in promoting the social/community/rights paradigm of health and health care. Active member and joint convenor of PHM India till December 2002 and later coordinator of the Global Secretariat of PHM from Jan 2003 - July 2006. Advisor to National Rural Health Mission and council member of Global Forum for Health Research, Public Health Foundation of India; Planning Commission of India and on the task force on Primary Health Care and Alternative system of medicines and public health. Member of WHO Advocacy circle of PHM and also currently member of Global PHM steering council and coordinating council. Was resource person/faculty at IPHU session in Cuenca, PHA2 in July 2002 (see www.sochara.org; www.phm-india.org; and www.narayanblog.blogspot.com). Contributor to the Cuence IPHU Course in July 2005.
دينيس أنتونيس دو ناسيمينتو Nascimento, Graduada em Odontologia pela UFRGS. Servidora da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Mestranda em Saúde Pública pela Universidade de Western Cape, África do Sul. Membro do Movimento pela Saúde dos Povos. [Dentistry Degree at the Federal University of RGS. Public servant at the Municipal Health Department of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Currently taking the Master course in Public Health at the SOPH-UWC, Cape Town, South Africa. Member of the People's Health Movement. Participant in IPHU in Savar in November 2007. Organiser and teacher IPHU Porto Alegre, September 2008].
روميو كويانو, Philippines, Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of the Philippines. Manila; member and office bearer in various academic, social and community based organisations in the Philippines and consultant to government and a resource person to various community-based organizations in the Philippines. Contributed to IPHU Course in Cuenca 2005.
أرتورو كويزبي بيرالتا, Ecuador, Professor of Pediatrics, Former Dean of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Cuenca. Coordinator of the Second People´s Health Assembly, July 2005. Professor Quizhpe Peralta has written and published 45 books on children´s health problems (diarrhea, malnutrition, breastfeeding, growth and development, playing and learning), health as a human right, child development, health policy, primary health care (health, love and liberty), and collections of health stories. Contributed to Cuenca Course, July 2005. (070828)
دافيد ساندرز, South Africa, is Director and Professor of the School of Public Health at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. He has been actively involved in the health policy process in both Zimbabwe and South Africa, particularly in the areas of nutrition and human resource development. He is author of two books on the politics of health and primary health care and co-author of a recent book on the G8 and health aid. He has researched and written in the areas of political economy of health, primary health care, child nutrition and health personnel education. He is a founder member of the International Peoples Health Council and a member of the Global Steering Group of the Peoples Health Movement and convenor of its research circle. Contributed to Cuenca Course and the Leadership Workshop in Bhopal April 2007
ميجيل سان سيباستيان. Researches and teaches epidemiology and public health at the UmeÃ¥ International School of Public Health, UmeÃ¥, Sweden. He has been the medical coordinator of a primary health care programme with indigenous communities in the Amazon basin of Ecuador during ten years. His research interests include environmental health, primary health care, indigenous health and implications of trade agreements on health. Contributed to Cuenca Course in July 2005 and to the Savar Course in November 2007.
كلاوديو شوفتان, Vietnam, Freelance consultant in public health based in Vietnam. He has an academic position at TulaneUniversity in the US. His main interests are in the interface between politics, globalization, equity and human rights and health. Contributed to Cuenca 2005, Bhopal 2007 and Savar 2007.
هاني سراج, Policy analyst with the Association for Health Environment and Development in Egypt. Current coordinator of global secretariat of PHM. Participated in IPHU in Cuenca in July 2005 and contributed to IPHU Leadership Workshop in Bhopal in April 2007
ساره شانون,. CEO Hesperian Foundation. Contributed to IPHU Course held in association with the US Social Forum in Atlanta in June 2007.
ميرا شيفا. India. Involved in: Peoples Health Movement, International People's Health Council, Health Action International - Asia Pacific, All India Drug Action Network, Diverse Women for Diversity, Central Council for Health, National Human Rights Commission, Task Force on Consumer Education and Safety of Food and Medicine, National Population Commission, National Advisory Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Central Ethical Committee on Health Research. Participated in IPHU, Savar, Nov 2007
ديبورا تاجير, Professor and Research Director on Gender and Health, Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires; Professor of the Seminar on Health Public Policies and Gender at the Virtual Master´s Program on Gender, Society and Policies, Latin American Postgraduate Institute of Social Sciences (FLACSO/PRIGEPP); past president of the Latin American Association of Social Medicine-ALAMES, past coordinator and founder of the Gender and Collective Health Network of the Latin American Association of Social Medicine-ALAMES; adviser of the Women National Council of Argentina (1999); co-compiler of 'Psychoanalysis and Gender. Debates in the Forum', Lugar Editorial, Buenos Aires, 2000; and 'Health, Equity and Gender: a Challenge for Public Policies', Editora Universidad de Brasilia, 2000. Her work is focussed in linking women and health activism with academical and research activities. Contributed to Cuenca 2005.
لورا توريانو,. Rights activist. Atlanta, June 2007 and GK, November 2007.
إمام الدين, has been working with the PHM in Bangladesh since the evolution of the PHA1 process in 2000 and is now national coordinator of PHM Bangladesh. He joined liberation struggle of Bangladesh in 1971 while student of the University of Dhaka. Though he completed his studies in geology he has practised largely in the field of development. He has several publications, including articles on social and ecomonic issues and is involved in a range of different social movements, in trade unions, KAF, WSM, linked to World Conferedation of Labour (WCL) and other social platforms for social change. Resource person during GK IPHU, November 2007.
جارانسي أوبهام. Economist, France. General Secretary, Safe Observer International; Co-chair, Disability and Economics Circle, PHM; Patients for Patient Safety, World Alliance for Patient Safety (the World Health Organization); Contributed to Cuenca 2005.
ليلي ووك أوفر, Trade and Health. Atlanta, 2007.
تانيا وانسوم, Thailand struggles for sovereignty over medications.. Atlanta 2007
دعوة لتقديم طلبات الالتحاق بهيئة التدريس
IPHU is always keen to hear from teachers within the people's health movement who might be interested in contributing to our teaching program. Expresssions of interest should be directed to the IPHU Coordinator ([email protected]) and should include some details regarding your areas of expertise and teaching experience and an indication of the kind of contribution you envisage making to the work of IPHU.


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A new market intelligence study, Conductive Textiles adds evidence to show the performance of the Conductive Textiles industry worldwide.
The study aims to provide a forecast of the growth of the Conductive Textiles market by examining the market size, share, demand, trends, and gross revenue of the industry. Further, it provides a competitive analysis and SWOT analysis. The report segments the industry based on product type, application and end-use. It highlights the emerging trends as well as the novel technology that are visible in the market.
This research holds critical and exclusive data to show the profound implications on the Conductive Textiles Market for the forecast period 2019 to 2028. Some of the main proponents of this hypothesis that the size, growth, and share of the Conductive Textiles industry is up for a major shift is compelling for business owners, stakeholders, field marketing executives and others trying to zero in on effective business strategies to gain maximum yield.
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The major manufacturers covered in this report:
Toray Industries, 3M, Bekaert, Seiren, Laird, Statex Productions & Vertriebs GmbH, Herculite, AIQ Smart Clothing, Holland Shielding Systems, Wujiang Yuzhen Textile
Geographically, this report studies the top producers and consumers, focuses on product capacity, production, value, consumption, market share and growth opportunity in these key regions, covering
- North America
- Europe
- China
- Japan
- Southeast Asia
- India
Data on how renewed disposable income and buyers in the emerging economies are building the foundation for a robust growth for the Conductive Textiles market forms an important part of the study. Assessment of business landscape across different countries that are worth watching in the near future will draw the interest of many stakeholders to this report.
The report is designed in a way to outline the product development initiatives and sales strategies adopted by the major leaders. Market experts have made a conscious effort to understand the market dynamics as well as factors driving the business performance worldwide. Besides, an in-depth assessment of the market entry strategies and effective business plans to sustain the cutthroat competition are some of the important highlights of the Conductive Textiles market.
Most important types of Conductive Textiles products covered in this report are:
- Cotton
- Nylon
- Polyester
- Wool
Most widely used downstream fields of Conductive Textiles market covered in this report are:
- Military
- Medical
- Electrical Appliances Product
- Other
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The expertise that has gone into this study is clearly visible from the way the subject matter experts have discussed the merger and acquisition opportunities in the report. Apart from identifying the local potential which can further assist in designing local market strategies the study brings to light the competitive scenario worldwide.
The study objectives of this report are:
- To analyse and study the global Conductive Textiles capacity, production, value, consumption, status (2014-2019) and forecast (2019-2028);
- Focuses on the key Conductive Textiles manufacturers, to study the capacity, production, value, market share and development plans in future.
- Focuses on the global key manufacturers, to define, describe and analyse the market competition landscape, SWOT analysis.
- To define, describe and forecast the market by type, application and region.
- To analyse the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
- To analyse the opportunities in the market for stakeholders by identifying the high growth segments.
- To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyse their growth strategies.
Key Points from TOC:
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Conductive Textiles
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Conductive Textiles
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Conductive Textiles
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Conductive Textiles
3 Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Conductive Textiles
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Conductive Textiles Major Manufacturers in 2017
3.2 Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Conductive Textiles Major Manufacturers in 2017
3.3 R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Conductive Textiles Major Manufacturers in 2017
3.4 Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Conductive Textiles Major Manufacturers in 2017
Read more @ https://www.marketexpertz.com/industry-overview/conductive-textiles-market
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