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Correction: The original posting of this story incorrectly identified the Speaker of the Colorado House of Representatives Sen. Udall worked with on the state's first renewable energy standard.
U.S. Sen. Mark Udall has been all over television railing against the National Security Agency's recently exposed surveillance of Americans, but when he stopped by the Daily Camera's newsroom Saturday he had an equally pressing matter on his mind: the immigration bill up for Senate vote this week.
Udall, a Democrat who lives in Eldorado Springs, supports the bill crafted by the so-called "Gang of Eight" — four Republican senators and four Democrats — that calls for a military-like surge in border security and a 13-year path to citizenship for millions of immigrants living in the U.S. illegally.
Over the course of a 20-minute interview, Udall also discussed the NSA scandal, as well as some of Boulder County's most pressing issues, from fracking and wildfires to legalized marijuana and Boulder's exploration of a possible city-run electric utility
Plus, he defended his recent vote against GMO labeling ("I disagree with those that suggest that somehow… my vote was a vote in favor of letting the big agricultural producers do whatever they wanted").
The following interview is presented in full:
Q: Why do you support the "Gang of Eight's" immigration reform bill?
A: I support it because it has the right balance of securing our borders, requiring employers to hire people who are here legally, and it provides a pathway for legal status and, ultimately, citizenship for some 11 million people who are here.
It also keeps families together. So it's balanced, it's fair.
It will create certainty in our labor markets and it's long overdue.
Q: If passed, how do you think the legislation will affect communities like Boulder, which has a large number of high tech, entrepreneurial companies, and a major university at which young immigrants may already qualify for lower tuition thanks to the Colorado ASSET bill?
A: It will affect Boulder and Boulder County in many positive ways. You mentioned the DREAMers. There are many young people here in Boulder County who cannot qualify for tuition at reasonable rates because they were brought here at very young ages. I've met many of them. They're outstanding. They're Americans in every way except they don't have the right piece of paper.
It'll also be a great boon in Boulder County because the efforts that are underway to invite and include foreign entrepreneurs to be a part of the American experience.
I have an amendment to the immigration reform package. I've worked on this for many years: the start-up visa concept.
If you have capital in an idea and you want to pursue that idea here in the United States, we're gonna provide you with a visa. One in four new businesses are started by first-generation immigrants. A significant portion of Fortune 500 companies in the start-up category have been started by first-generation immigrants.
America is a land of immigrants. Immigration is a way in which to refresh the American dream.
It's a win-win for everybody. Boulder County in particular will see some real upsides.
Q: How do you feel about the way Gov. John Hickenlooper and the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission have handled communities that attempt to regulate oil and gas exploration within their own boundaries — and who do you feel should have the ultimate authority to say whether fracking should be permitted in individual towns and counties?
A: This is an important debate. Boulder County is right at the center of it. There has to be a balance. Local communities have to have a say in if and where drilling occurs.
I think we all agree that it's an industrial process and schoolyards and city parks and open space are probably not the best places — given the abundant gas reserves that we have — to initially drill.
I know the governor is working in every way he possibly can to bring everybody to the table. I know the question of the state's oversight versus local community oversight will be determined in the courts, but from my vantage point, I'm encouraging everybody to sit at the same table, understand that the goals I think everybody shares are the same, but we differ on how to reach those goals.
Q: You've been a vocal critic of the NSA during the current surveillance scandal. What's your opinion of the charges the government is pursuing against Edward Snowden?
A: On the NSA surveillance, I've long called for the intelligence community to be more forthcoming and transparent about their surveillance of Americans.
I'm someone who doesn't diminish the threat of terrorism. We've seen the terrible effects of an event like 9/11. At the same time, we have to stand up and protect the Bill of Rights.
We have, I think, been operating more in a way that is based on blind trust versus informed consent when it comes to the public's knowledge of what's happening, what is being done in their name.
So I've called for a public airing of the FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) and Patriot Act laws. It feels to me that you have a secret court interpreting a law and — in a secret setting — issuing secret orders on a secret program. I'd like to have much more knowledge.
And then, if the public believes this widespread collection of phone records is appropriate, then perhaps my point of view won't prevail.
But I think there is a way to narrow this. I will introduce and push for a bill that would limit the access to Americans' phone records. There should be a nexus or a direct link to terrorism or espionage.
Right now, as we've come to know, Americans' phone records are swept up on a large-scale basis, and it hasn't been demonstrated to me that we are collecting uniquely valuable intelligence through the so-called 215 program.
Now as for Mr. Snowden, I'm not a lawyer. I abhor leaks. At the same time, he has every right to the legal process, and I anticipate the Department of Justice and Attorney General (Eric) Holder will bring their charges, will work through the legal system, and Mr. Snowden will have a chance to make his case.
And at this point that's where we are.
Q: You recently voted against an amendment to the farm bill that would have allowed states to pass laws requiring food products containing GMOs be labeled as such. Why?
A: My vote was based on this belief: If we have 50 states, all with their own standards, you may end up with actually a crazy quilt of regulations and requirements that, in the end, wouldn't necessarily benefit consumers.
I know there are those who disagree with me, but my belief, my understanding is that the FDA is moving in the way of labeling and demanding that the food industry be transparent in what's involved in the production of the food they're presenting to consumers.
So I disagree with those that suggest that somehow my vote was a vote in favor of no regulations or that my vote was a vote in favor of letting the big agricultural producers do whatever they wanted.
In fact, my vote was based on a belief that the FDA's standing up for consumers, will do the right thing, and that if we had 50 different regulations, actually consumers might not be well served.
And I welcome further comments — and I've heard quite a few — from constituents.
… One other thing I want to trumpet when it comes to Boulder County: We are one of the centers of healthy, nutritious, organic food production. And I know that, in my core, and when it comes to GMOs and the importance of making sure people know what's in their foods, I'm gonna be right there with consumers.
I'm gonna be right there with the people of Boulder County.
Q: What's the latest you've heard from the Department of Justice when it comes to Colorado's legalization of recreational marijuana — and do you feel the federal government should respect the will of Colorado's voters on this issue?
A: The federal government should respect the will of the voters.
I am taking the lead, along with Congressman (Jared) Polis, in communicating with the federal government.
Now that the state has laid out its laws and its implementation plans, I think we can have more concrete and definitive discussions with the Department of Justice.
There are legitimate concerns about the overlay of federal law and state law.
There are concerns that surrounding states have when it comes to interstate sales and interstate trafficking of recreational marijuana. But I remain confident and optimistic that we can find the sweet spot here with the federal government.
Q: What's your opinion of Boulder's exploration of a possible municipal electric utility — in part on the basis that officials feel it could use more renewable energy sources than Xcel Energy — and what role do you feel smaller, public utilities will play in America's energy future?
A: I salute the city of Boulder for having a very important conversation, and furthermore for the city of Boulder's efforts to reduce carbon emissions through its electricity use and the use of electricity on the part of its citizens.
Climate change is happening. We see it just this weekend when we look at another round of big fires that are threatening communities, and the welfare of our watersheds and our wildlife and our air quality.
We have to move to a lower carbon energy system.
The city of Boulder is a leader. I don't know what the right mix is of city-directed production of electricity versus working with the utility or the REA's that provide that energy for Boulder and Boulder County.
But the discussion is a very, very important one.
I led the charge to put in place the renewable electricity standard that we now have. Before Amendment 37 was even passed, when I was in the (Colorado) Legislature, I introduced the first renewable electricity standard in Colorado. It was a mere 10 percent by 2015. That was my goal.
We went to the ballot in 2004. I led that campaign with then-Speaker of the Statehouse Lola Spradley, Republican.
Voters passed it. If my memory is right, we had a goal of 15 percent by 2020. We quickly reached that goal. We now have one of the highest goals in the country at 30 percent by 2020.
We can reach that goal.
And here are the many upsides:
No.1: It will enhance our national security. I sit on the Armed Services Committee and I see every day the price of our dependence on foreign oil.
No. 2: The job creation potential here is huge. These technologies fit into the innovation agenda that our country ought to have.
And then third, we get environmental benefits that are significantly lower pollutants. We enhance water quality. There are a lot of benefits that are going to be generated by lower carbon fuel sources.
And then, of course, we keep faith with our children and their children when it comes to climate change.
This is doable, but we need communities like Boulder to step out. We need families and individuals to change their consumption habits and help make lower carbon technologies available.
Let me say one other thing on that — and you can tell I'm getting fired up about it.
Having said that, we are in an all-of-the-above energy world, and I support an all-of-the-above energy strategy with an emphasis on lowering our carbon emissions in every way possible.
So how do you do that?
Well, you research coal technologies so you lower carbon emissions through capture and sequestration. You look at the natural gas reservoirs we have. Well, let's make sure there are no fugitive emissions. A methane molecule has the effect of 25 CO2 molecules. Let's take a look at energy efficiency technology that we can deploy in every way possible, from vehicles to homes to all the industrial processes that we have.
Lets put an RES (renewable energy standard) in place nationally for renewables so that we are producing power from the wind and the sun and from tides; from geothermal all over the country.
I'm going to have a bill that does that, that creates a renewable electricity standard like Colorado has.
So this is all part of a larger all-of-the-above strategy.
From my position on the energy committee, I push for this everyday.
Q: It's already been a devastating fire season in Colorado. What steps do you plan to take to help protect communities from the threat of wildfire?
A: I am going to continue to do the kind of work I've done, which has occurred on a lot of fronts.
No. 1: We need more money and resources to reduce fuels loads, particularly in the red zones. Particularly along the Front Range. That is where we've seen these big fires. Fourmile Canyon is an example of that situation.
No. 2: We need more private-public partnerships as a part of reducing those fuel loads through the good neighbor program and the stewardship contracting program, both of which I've championed.
Third: We need to be ready for wildfires. I've pushed really hard to get next-generation air tankers in place. (The) Forest Service was being slowed down by private sector contractors. We've pushed that through. We have the next-generation air tankers on order. I was actually inside of one last week — on Friday, in Pueblo — that was fighting the fire in the Black Forest, a big DC-10 that's been converted.
We're also going to get the Air Force to convert some of their C-130s and C-27Js — which are the big, heavy-lift aircraft. Those are being re-purposed as we speak.
We need also to make sure that we're not robbing Peter to pay Paul. That we have enough money to do the fuel mitigation, but also to fight fires.
It's a lot cheaper to prevent a fire than it is to fight one.
And then finally, I — on the back end, when it comes to rebuilding those communities and reclaiming those lands and stabilizing the soils — I've got a bill that would put FEMA in the business of helping us both rebuild communities, but also — and this is a circular scenario I just laid out — FEMA then looking at ways in which to promote more fire-wise behavior in communities.
They're doing that with tornado-prone areas and hurricane-prone areas and areas that are prone to flooding. We ought to be doing the same thing in areas like our state where we are going to see more fires.
Unfortunately, this is the new normal, this kind of a June we're having. And it speaks again to our energy consumption and responding to climate change, because this is what the scientists predict right here in Boulder, this will begin to be more the norm. These drier cycles with more wind, less humidity are therefore more and more apt to have these devastating fires.
I would add, in an interesting way, this: We're going to pass the immigration bill out of the United States Senate next week, and, as I mentioned, I think it's important for many reasons. By the way, one of the reasons is it will help our economic growth to have a more secure labor market, and one in which people are eager to find work and playing less defense, particularly on the part of those employers who don't know if they hired legal workers and workers who are here who don't have the right papers. So you create more certainty in the labor market.
We're gonna get that done.
However, watching what happened in the United States House yesterday, or two days ago, when they couldn't pass a farm bill for the second year in a row, concerns me because I don't know that can pass an immigration bill, given what's going on in the House on the part of the majority. And they certainly haven't been able to pass a farm bill, and in that farm bill are some of the very measures I just mentioned to protect us from forest fires. Because the U.S. Department of Agriculture, of course, oversees the Forest Service.
So we have had money in that bill to reduce fuel loads, to provide more for firefighters, more in the way of air tankers, to have money for recovery efforts, emergency watershed protection monies. All of that, that's at risk if the House can't get its act together and pass a farm bill.
So it's interesting how you have a link here between immigration, the farm bill, wildfires. It's all part of what we're not doing in Washington, which is doing the people's business.
I can tell you the Senate — contrary to what some people might say because of the debate about the filibuster, and what's happening in the Senate — the Senate has been active on a lot of different fronts.
We need the House, and I'm not picking on individual House members, but we need the House to step up and pass immigration reform, pass a farm bill, pass a budget deal that will help the country move forward.
I'm worked up.
The other thing on talking about fires is we are gonna have fires. This is the new normal, and I will continue to spearhead after-action reviews. I headed one here after the Fourmile Canyon Fire. We learned a lot. We learned what homeowners can do.
By the way, homeowners can do a lot to reduce the potential of their house being burned.
We found that a rake and a weed whacker are the most important tools. People want to pull the rope on their chainsaw and go to work, but, actually, raking pine needles and knocking down the weeds and moving the wood pile and taking a look at where your propane tank is and maybe replacing those wood shingles with rock or slate shingles or asphalt shingles, was a smarter thing to do.
But I am going to continue those kind of after-action reviews. We did one after the terrible fire in Waldo Canyon last summer. We're learning. There are lessons that can be applied moving forward. Mother Nature has the ultimate say — somebody said she bats last — but we can keep the game going if we sit down with all the various entities that are involved, from volunteers to sheriffs to the Forest Service — all the various groups — and look at, "Hey, how can we be better prepared for our version of natural disasters here?"
Contact Camera Staff Writer Joe Rubino at 303-473-1328 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Here's a backlog of reader questions. Unfortunately, they were trapped for over a month in a dimension where Art Schlichter is a Super Bowl winning quarterback and Tom Brady is a destitute street urchin with a bad haircut. So, I guess he was a lot like Tom Brady in this dimension but with less money.
Did the injuries in the Denver backfield cause the knee jerk reaction of signing LenDale White to Denver? Or was there a rocky mountain surplus of tequila and tacos?
The LenDale White signing was due to injuries. Unfortunately, LenDale tore his achilles tendon while chasing a truck full of tequila.
"Maybe you're just sitting around your house with your buddies. Maybe you go bowling and you have a couple of drinks. … I like Patron Platinum. It's like some people like strawberry soda. It's good." -LenDale White
If water covers 2/3's the earth, is the other 1/3 covered by Revis's new but deserved ego? I can't remember someone still in a rookie contract demanding top $ of the position. He deserves it but is he going the wrong way about it? Say have the extension signed and put in or just play out the contract. A distraction to a team with too much pressure on it already I think.
Revis is going the wrong way about it, but he shares the same agent Chris Baker and Pete Kendall, two players "wronged" by the Jets, did. I think they're settling a score with Tannenbaum. Revis gave up so much guaranteed money I feel that they weren't even acting in his best interest. It's a shame this is happening in a Super Bowl run year.
T.O and Ocho. …. yeah, I don't know about that one. T.O. is the SHAQ of the NFL now in my opinion, a part time option but not a starter who can demand attention but not give you the minutes.
Terrell Owens has been more of a liability than a matchup problem since his final year with the Cowboys. If you watch their offense that year they scheme with their other receivers to try to help Owens get open. T.O. is old and I wonder if Randy Moss is going to finally have age catch up with him too.
Mike "Mad Man" Martz claims as for as Jay Cutler, "nothing to work on" as far as his QB play of mechanics. …. is this an endorsement of condemnation for the cut-man?
Martz doesn't demand much from a quarterback besides accuracy, quick decision making and a fast release. Cutler has all of those, so he should be fine. That said, don't be surprised if he throws 20+ interceptions again behind that offensive line, with those receivers and in that scheme.
Is it wrong to use Albert Haynesworth as bait for next years Shark Week if he can't pass a conditioning test? Cause if he can't tread water for a few minutes in shark infested areas I don't see how he can at least occupy the attention of a center and demand a guard for double teaming.
I hope the sharks like processed meat and sweets.
The Charger fallout of LT leaving and the statements of entitlement. Are some players jealous they were not the face of the franchise like say … I dunno, Manning and Big Ben Rapist?
L.T. is a good guy and still a good player, but he's no longer a superstar and was upset he wasn't being treated like one in San Diego anymore. He'll be great for the Jets playing with that chip on his shoulder.
Like reports of the demise of the fooseball wizard is Jeff Garcia's retirement by default premature? Some system needs a solid #2 who just thrives or at least is more competent than the incumbent starting QB?
Jeff Garcia can probably still be a backup somewhere but he's a bit of a prickly character and a lot of teams don't want to bother dealing with him now that he is older. Even the Oakland Raiders couldn't handle him refusing to play backup last year. I have to admit, I'd consider suicide if I was regulated to a backup role behind JaMarcus "Purple Drank" Russell.
Andre Johnson, much like Revis does he deserve the #1 salary for his position?
Yes. The best receiver in the NFL. A bit of an injury risk though.
Of all the relocations in the off season between veteran players as well as coaches, general managers, etc. Who has the most to prove
in the new surroundings and why?
If Mike Shanahan really wants to be known as a "genius" he better make something of the Redskins. He rode in to the Super Bowl with a partially inherited team with John Elway at quarterback and a killer running game and he hasn't really succeeded since. I don't think there's anyone out there who has more to prove than Shanahan.

subset: commoncrawl


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Possible Duplicate:
What differs string theory from philosophy or religion?
I find a lot of people disbelieve in string theory, saying that since it cannot be tested experimentally then it is not science (quoting Feynman who has said something along that line), and that it is a complete waste of time, and it should not be funded...etc.
My question is how to convince those people that string theory is real science and real physics? and how to reply to the argument that if it cannot be tested experimentally then it is not science? where is the flaw in this argument?
Note added: Please if your answer is about attacking string theory or saying that it is science fiction and the like, then do not bother answering.


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Food & Drink
Frozen festival: New northern arts event explores 'Arctic state of mind'
By Monique Todd for CNN • Updated 28th August 2014
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It's largely devoid of human life, dark and viciously cold at times and frequently subject to dangerous levels of geological volatility -- the Arctic is surely the worst possible destination for an arts festival.
That hasn't put off the organizers of SALT -- an event aimed at bringing entertainment to remote regions while showcasing the bleak but beautiful landscapes to new audiences.
If that doesn't sound tough enough -- the event is due to last for eight years.
And it gets underway as winter approaches.
"Ninety percent of festivals are in the summer when the weather is hopefully nice," says Erlend Mogard-Larsen, a veteran festival organizer who, with Norwegian curator Helga-Marie Nordby, is SALT's driving force.
"We're interested in the possibilities across the year in these regions, especially when the light dwindles in December. We want to use nature to make this event."
Nordby says the festival is an attempt to explore the "Arctic state of mind" using landscapes as a gateway into local lifestyles.
The program features performances from the Arctic Philharmonic Orchestra, Norwegian DJ Are Mokkelbost, and Ensemble Ylajali, a female vocal group from Bodo, Norway.
The headline act -- at least until February 2015 -- is an outdoor film installation by Chinese filmmaker and artist Yang Fudong, the first of what Nordby hopes will be numerous international contributions.
MORE: Extreme surfing in the Arctic
Supersized sauna
Although SALT kicks off on August 29 on Sandhornoya Island, in northern Norway, just as the last warmth of summer evaporates, the festival has a steamy secret weapon up its sleeve.
It'll debut "Amfi," a giant insulated amphitheater that will host film screenings, seminars and larger concerts.
When the weather gets particularly rough, the facility transforms into a sauna, releasing enough sweltering heat for 120 people.
SALT will spend a year on Sandhornoya before moving to destinations including Greenland, Alaska, Ireland, Scotland, the Faroe Islands and Iceland.
Hot property: The Amfi performance space and sauna.
Gunner Holmsted
Wooden structures have already begun to populate the island.
Along a two-kilometer beach strip, colossal fish racks mirroring the region's age-old trading culture will double as a performance arenas for artists.
Festival-goers will also be invited to exchange their tents with a "njalla," a tiny mobile hut kitted out with a glass roof to view the northern lights.
Instead of the usual festival unhealthy fast food selection, there'll be fresh fish and ethically sourced meat.
MORE: French family makes home on polar yacht
Well-equipped cabins
Nordby says one of SALT's goals is to show participants how the Arctic's peripatetic population has traditionally lived in harmony with its environment.
"Nature is quite vulnerable in these regions and this was of course the knowledge that the nomads had," she says.
"Their way of living was really about 'living with this' and using nature in a very sustainable and careful way."
Of course, unlike festival-goers, these nomads weren't residing in cabins equipped with comfy bunks and wood-burning stoves.
"The idea behind the project is to embrace the philosophy of movement here, when we are moving around to Greenland, Iceland or wherever we are going, we want make as few footprints as possible," says Nordby.
"People living up here have always brought their houses and belongings with them on a constant basis -- they had to move," says Mogard-Larsen. "It's actually very hard to see the people who have been living here ... footprints are few."
The roughness of the weather coupled with the scenery's beauty make for an experience that's sure to astound and revitalize bored metropolitans -- provided their huts don't get blown to pieces.
Nordby says that city dwellers can learn a lot from the living conditions of Arctic territories.
She says that swapping their worlds of dwindling leisure time and excessive working hours for lands where elk and deer populations far exceed humans will help them gain a new sense of perspective.
"Most of us who live in big cities have this feeling of fragmentation, this loss of something to hold on to," she says.
Colossal fish racks will serve as performance spaces.
Gunner Holmsted
"When you reach this beach and come to this place ... there is something happening with you, you get the feeling that you're part of something so much bigger than yourself."
The SALT festival comes at a particularly significant time for the Arctic.
Several countries are eyeing the untapped resources that lie dormant under its mounds of ice and rocky land, while climate change is affecting the region at twice the rate of the rest of the world.
MORE: A year of shimmering lights in northern Norway
Climate fluctuation
Trekking across Norway throughout 2011 and 2012, Nordby and Mogard-Larsen were astounded by the climate's fluctuations.
Nordby recalls the sensitive landscapes.
"When it comes to climate change and environmental challenges you can see this very clearly in the Arctic. We have these huge ice mountains that are melting, every year huge parts of these areas are gone," she says.
"We also see it in the extreme weather -- northern Norway is usually quite rough in the summer season, but now, it's been 30 degrees (86F) almost all summer. It's crazy, it shouldn't be 30 degrees up here!"
The pair say the planet's northern reaches act as a true barometer for global warming, and as the region is exposed to a wider audience, its changing landscape won't be so easily ignored.
"The way we live today across the world means that we're shortening the future," says Nordby. "This landscape is reminding us of something that we need to be reminded of."
SALT Festival
will debut on the island of Sandhornoya, Norway, running from August 29, 2014 to September 6, 2015.
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More people are discovering that archery shooting isn't just for bowhunters or a summer camp activity for kids, and it's largely the result of two recent movies, "The Hunger Games" and "Brave." The movies have triggered an explosive interest in archery shooting, so much so, that there's often a wait to get on the shooting lanes at Trader Jan's, a Fall River archery shop with more than 20 indoor shooting lanes located in an old mill on Plymouth Avenue.
More people are discovering that archery shooting isn't just for bowhunters or a summer camp activity for kids, and it's largely the result of two recent movies, "The Hunger Games" and "Brave." The movies have triggered an explosive interest in archery shooting, so much so, that there's often a wait to get on the shooting lanes at Trader Jan's, a Fall River archery shop with more than 20 indoor shooting lanes located in an old mill on Plymouth Avenue.
"It's just unbelievable," said Jill Oliveria, who has been running the shop since 1991. "Lord of the Rings spurred a little interest when those movies came out but nothing like Hunger Games has. Now, the lanes are always busy and people are calling ahead to reserve a spot."
"The Hunger Games," geared toward teenagers and young adults, features a young heroine, Katniss Everdeen, who exhibits extraordinary and dramatic skills with bow and arrow in order to survive in futuristic gladiator-type competitions. "Brave," an animated Disney-Pixar movie, follows Merida, a skilled archer and rebellious daughter of a king and queen in ancient times, on her adventures as her actions cause chaos in the kingdom.
Surprisingly, the movies have not only generated a new interest among young people, but also a renewed interest with the older crowd.
"The majority of new shooters we're seeing are teenagers, but we're getting people of all ages," said Oliveria. "Most of the younger people saw the movie and want to try archery for the first time, while most of the older folks who saw it, remembered shooting archery as a kid at summer camp and want to do it again.
Caren Sawyer, executive director for the Easton Foundation, said data from June showed a 20 percent increase in paid membership of the National Archery Association of the United States. The increase doesn't include nationwide participation among new or informal shooters, which is likely higher.
Oliveria said that because of the blockbusters, and also a social media promotion, the shop is now drawing people from Rhode Island and as far as Boston.
"We don't have a place like this anywhere near us — it's worth the trip," said Donna Lico of No. Kingstown, RI, who had taken her friend, Finn McGowan, also of No. Kingstown, for his birthday present. Lico and McGowan each had their teenage sons with them.
"Instead of stuff, I wanted experiences and this is one of them," said McGowan. "It's something we can do together with my son and Donna's son. It's a lot of fun and we'll be back. It's a very cool time."
"Shooting indoors is different than I remember from shooting outdoors as a kid and it's a nice thing to do in the winter," added Lico.
Alyssa Webb of Somerset, 13, has been shooting archery for almost a year and visits the indoor shooting lanes frequently. She began shooting with the modern compound bow and just started shooting a traditional recurve bow.
A compound bow utilizes a system of cables and cams that provides a "let-off", allowing the shooter to hold only a fraction of the force needed to initially draw the bow. For example, a compound bow set at 40 pounds pull with a 75 percent let-off means that you need to initially draw 40 pounds, but once the cams and wheels on the tips of the bow limbs turn over as the bow is drawn, the shooter only needs to hold 10 pounds, making it easier to hold steady and aim.
With a traditional bow however, which is just a bowstring strung between the tips of the bow limbs, the archer needs to pull and hold whatever weight the bow is. Traditional archery equipment is what the characters use in the movies.
"I watched Hunger Games and it's one of the reasons I wanted to start shooting the recurve," said Webb. "It's different and more challenging to shoot. You have to hold it. And this place has gotten a lot busier since the movie came out."
Two sisters, Sandra Donmoyer of Swansea and her sister Inez, who was visiting from Maryland, were captivated by Hunger Games, Brave and also a TV show, "Arrow" which features a modern-day vigilante-type Robin Hood armed only with a bow and arrow.
"Right after I watched Hunger Games I went out and bought my five-year old daughter a toy bow with suction cup arrows," said Sandra. "Our dad was a gunner's mate and small arms instructor in the Coast Guard and he used to take us shooting. It's about marksmanship and hand-eye coordination. I always found it fun and challenging to be able to put a bullet in the bull's eye. The movie brought back those fond memories of our dad taking us shooting when we were kids, and inspired me to do it again. And we're finding it's just as much fun with an arrow."
Inez agreed about the movies and TV show invoking fond memories of shooting with their dad and it was also the survivalist aspect of the movies that inspired her to try her hand at the bow and arrow. "Hunger Games and other apocalypse-type movies which are about the end of world makes you think that someday if everything shuts down, we'll have to be able to fend for ourselves — and provide for ourselves by hunting," said Inez. "I want to know how to do it and shooting archery is something I always wanted to do."
The sisters had visited Trader Jan's for the first time and although a bit intimidated at first, having never shot archery before, their trepidations were quickly put at ease with the friendly atmosphere and professional guidance they received.
"This place is awesome," Inez added. "We'll be back."
Oliveria said that with the boom in business, equipment sales have increased somewhat, but the biggest thing is the shooting lanes and equipment rental. Lanes are $20 per hour or $13 per half-hour and include rental of a recurve target bow and arrows.
There is also a virtual reality room where film footage of live game animals in their natural habitat appears on a screen and hits are electronically scored. Blunt tips are supplied, which need to be screwed into arrows before shooting. It also has to be shot with more powerful hunting bows instead of the lighter target bows, which don't have enough power to register the hits properly. Shop hours are Tues. — Fri, 4:30 — 8 p.m. and Sat. from 11 — 5.
Oliveria also said a youth league will be forming after Jan. 1. Call 774-627-7743 for more information.
Marc Folco is the outdoor writer for The Standard-Times. Contact him at email@example.com


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So this means that Ludovic & Samuel and probably Marcelle & Nicole (2 French girls) are the final 2!!
I have some mild concerns about the sighting with the two French girls. This woman has an astounding knack for meeting famous people in the music business (she also mentioned meeting Ron Wood from the Rolling Stones earlier this week), so I wonder slightly if she's making it up. However, she did post a picture from 2010 of her with Whitney Houston that looks genuine so I'm tending to believe her. Besides, who is Australia would make up a completely accurate sounding story about picking up a team from the French Amazing Race and driving them around Sydney?
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Find all the contact information for the LANXESS sites worldwidefind out more
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Join the Mets and other @Mets followers, @LosMets, @Jay_HorwitzPR followers and Mets Facebook friends on Friday, August 23 for Social Media Night. All ticket purchasers using the link below for this night will receive a limited edition Jay Horwitz Bobblehead.
Stick around for a special post-game concert by Third Eye Blind.
Follow the @Mets during the days prior to the game to see some of the cool giveaways we will be giving away.
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Rage has plenty of opportunities to attack enemies that are unaware of your presence. Consider the following situation:
It would be very easy for me to dispose of the gentleman sweeping the floor in one of several ways. However, I am unaware of a way to go about it without making the other enemies in the room aware of my presence. A shotgun blast to the back of the head would definitely do the trick, but would obviously be too noisy. Trying to be more subtle and relying on my fists doesn't cut it either, as I would need to get too close to my target and he would end up noticing me.
Is there some sort of trick to it that I am not thinking about, or perhaps a suitable weapon that you get later in the game?


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Half-Life 2 map reference
- 1 Day 1
- 1.1 Point Insertion
- 1.2 "A Red Letter Day"
- 1.3 Route Kanal
- 1.4 Water Hazard
- 1.5 Black Mesa East
- 1.6 We Don't Go To Ravenholm...
- 2 Day 2
- 2.1 Highway 17
- 2.2 Sandtraps
- 2.3 Nova Prospekt
- 2.4 Entanglement
- 3 Day 3
- 3.1 Entanglement (continued)
- 3.2 Anticitizen One
- 3.3 "Follow Freeman!"
- 3.4 Our Benefactors
- 3.5 Dark Energy
In the order commonly played, here is every HL2 map:
Day 1
Arriving in City 17 to just starting a journey towards Nova Prospekt.
Point Insertion
Arriving in City 17 all the way to Alyx and the player first meeting.
The map with Gman's intro monologue. From there, it goes through everything from arriving at the train station to encountering Barney, and then leaving the interrogation room and ending with the first freely openable door in the game.
Starts with the well-known "pick up that can" cop. Goes through an old building of some sort then out into a plaza. From there it goes into an alley and a playground area with two citizens talking about Civil Protection. It ends with the player heading into a building.
The insides of an apartment complex. Takes a very long and specific path with lots of detail and dialogue to give players more insight into how life is in City 17. About half-way through, the player is detected as someone who should not be there and becomes a target of Civil Protection and is chased.
Starts with continuing the chase from the previous map through rooftops. Gordon is apprehended and trapped defenseless by four metrocops. He is quickly saved by Alyx Vance, their first encounter. Alyx escorts the player over to Dr. Kleiner's lab, passing through a secret door with a poster of Breen on it.
"A Red Letter Day"
Kleiner and Gordon first meeting, to fleeing City 17.
Alyx continues taking Gordon to Kleiner's lab, passing through another secret door. Barney comes a short time later, Gordon gets his suit. The teleporter glitch incident occurs, the Combine becomes aware of Freeman's presence, and he begins to flee.
Gordon continues fleeing, but is stopped when his path is blocked by wood planks. Barney comes a few seconds later, telling him to go through the canals. Barney also gives him the first weapon in the game, the crowbar. Gordon continues exiting City 17. This map goes through the trainyard area first seen in
Route Kanal
The first part of Gordon's journey through the City 17 canals. Starts with two cops hurting two citizens, and ends with getting a boat.
Starts with two cops assaulting a citizen, as another citizen watches in fear. Gordon kills both and picks up the second weapon in the game, the pistol. The player fights on through a railway and comes across a boxcar. Inside, a human and a vortigaunt help the player keep going. Gman is briefly seen on a tv that they are both looking at.
The player sees a crow fly right into a barnacle tongue and be eaten. This is the first time in Half-Life 2 a barnacle is seen.
Ahead is Station 12, currently being raided by Civil Protection. One citizen escapes the initial massacre and tries to plead with Gordon to help him, but before Gordon can do anything, the citizen is shot dead by a cop. In the lower bunker of Station 12, an unknown woman tries to radio the station. Station 8 gets on the line, saying they heard the Station 12 raid, refugees are coming in from Station 9, and stations are being raided. The man from Station 8 is interrupted by something before he can finish speaking. The woman speaks again, saying that manhacks are being deployed.
On the roof of Station 12, two metrocops man a mounted gun. If the player kills them and takes over, they can kill many enemies approaching easily. If they stay too long, a Combine APC will come and shoot the gun with rockets until it breaks.
Further along, a citizen calls for the player and reassures them that there are other stations who can help. Metrocops attempt multiple times to kill the player with explosive oil drums.
This map starts with a physics puzzle. A large wood board rests on a cement pipe and 8 cinder blocks are scattered around the room. The player cannot proceed because the only way out is high up. There are many ways to get past this issue:
- Put the cinder blocks on one end of the wood board so that the end nearest to the exit is raised high enough for the player to jump to the exit. (This is the intended way.)
- Jump on the far end of the board to temporarily nudge it downward and jump off the near end as it raises.
- Stack the cinder blocks and use them as a makeshift ladder/steps.
- In the previous map (
d1_canals_01a), before going off the slippery downward ramp at the end, try to jump across the gap to the exit platform.
- Load the map directly (or
restartin the console). You will spawn just past this physics puzzle.
The player encounters another station (11? The number is never stated) with a single person inside. Quickly, a group of manhacks crashes in and attacks. If the player does not attack the manhacks (sometimes just distracting them is enough) the citizen will be killed. This is the first time manhacks are seen. After going through many more areas, there is another small "puzzle" here. The player has to turn a valve to raise the water level in a room in order to pass through it.
Gordon encounters what is evidently Station 6. Black Mesa East (possibly Alyx speaking?) radios this station to tell them to give Gordon the airboat. Before the player can reach the boat, they must pass through a small area currently being bombarded with headcrab canisters. After this, a citizen gives the airboat over to the player, and says to drive to nearby Station 7.
This map was scrapped during development of hl2. To do: Find out more about it.
Water Hazard
The complete boat journey from the City 17 canals to Black Mesa East.
Station 7 is close to the start. The occupants of this station have been zombified by headcrabs, though. On the radio, a woman is heard attempting to reach Station 12 again. Ahead is another physics puzzle. Usually, the player will solve this by putting a few barrels under a ramp, so that they can jump across with the boat. They can also choose to just abandon the boat and go on foot. (good luck)
The player raids a Combine post and must destroy some explosive barrels to allow for a door blocking their path to open. The firepower increases as rocket-firing APCs are deployed more and more frequently.
The player raids another Combine post, this time with another helicopter harassing them.
A helicopter chases the boat. This is the first time helicopter bombs are used on the player.
Helicopter continues chasing boat. It loses track of the player as they drive through a tunnel.
The player encounters a rebel outpost. Here, a vortigaunt attaches a high-power gun to the airboat.
Nothing too special about this map. It has lots of APCs and exploding barrels.
The final battle with a hunter chopper. After this, the player reaches Black Mesa East.
Black Mesa East
The lab that Eli Vance does stuff in. When the player is here, the lab is raided by the Combine.
Gordon enters the airlock and meets Mossman and Eli again. Alyx takes Gordon over to the scrapyard
Alyx gives Gordon the gravity gun, and the player learns how to use it here. Dog and Gordon meet. The Combine comes and begins to raid the base. Everyone rushes inside. Alyx has to stay behind but Gordon escapes by going through the Ravenholm tunnel.
We Don't Go To Ravenholm...
Scary time with a monk guy and going around some mines, and ending up back in City 17, but not for long.
The player enters Ravenholm. Father Grigori is first heard from a distance. At a certain point, Grigori is seen, helping the player fight off zombies. The players uses blades, fire, and cars (crushing traps) to kill zombies.
Basically a continuation of the last map. Killing more zombies in various ways.
First Part
Father Grigori gives the player a shotgun. The player continues on, fighting zombies into
Second Part
After coming back from
d1_town_03, the player eventually ends up at the top of a building connected to where Grigori is by a cart. The player must defend from zombies while waiting for Grigori to send the cart over. Grigori and Gordon finally meet, and they begin to travel over to the Ravenholm mines.
The player climbs onto the rooftops. Grigori says to not go off-path. The exit of this map goes back to
Grigori and the player travel through a graveyard. At the end, Grigori opens a gate so the player can continue on to the mines.
The Ravenholm mines. There's one last blade-cart-of-death thing at the end.
The player re-enters City 17 at one edge. Snipers are guarding the train tracks here, probably looking for Gordon. They player moves on to encounter an active battle between rebel and Combine forces at Shorepoint. After all the enemies are defeated, one of the allies takes Gordon to the back. Alyx is there by radio signal. This is where the player finds out that Eli has been taken to Nova Prospekt. Alyx asks the rebels to lend Gordon the buggy.
Day 2
Starting the journey to Nova Prospekt, entering, and then teleporting out of the prison.
Highway 17
Majority of the path to Nova Prospekt that is driven.
Gordon gets in the buggy and is... "lifted" down to the ground by crane. The player drives on toward Nova Prospekt.
The player drives around a small bay and arrives at New Little Odessa. Here, Gordon meets Colonel Cubbage, gets the rocket launcher, and takes down a gunship.
The player arrives at another dock occupied by Combine soldiers. The player has to operate a crane to move their buggy to higher ground before continuing.
This map is the first map to have rollermines that attack the player. (Dog's "ball" is also a rollermine but it doesn't hurt anyone.) It also has a forcefield that blocks the buggy. It can only be unpowered by disconnecting the source of power, an APC.
First Part
The player encounters another forcefield blocking them from crossing a bridge. There is one other route that can be used to progress; a door on the side of the bridge leading to
d2_coast_08. This route has access to the power source for the forcefield.
Second Part
Now that the forcefield is down, the player can continue driving on the top of the bridge, but not before backing up, because a train comes from the other way, and it will kill the player if they collide. From here, the drive continues on, into Sandtraps, the next chapter.
The underside of the large bridge seen in
d2_coast_07. The player goes completely across the bottom of the bridge here to reach a button that will turn off the forcefield on
d2_coast_07. The player goes back the way they came after pressing this button.
This map was cut during development. To do: More information
This map was cut during development. To do: More information
Ditching the car, getting bugbait, and arriving at Nova Prospekt.
A run-in with zombies inside a tunnel, then passing through some Combine-occupied buildings. Finally, a puzzle that requires the player to find 2 car batteries to power a gate.
The player arrives at Lighthouse Point. The car has to be ditched here. Combine soldiers invade in dropships.
Gordon encounters Laszlo and his friend. Antlions kill Laszlo as he moves on the sand. Gordon continues carefully along (or recklessly if you do so desire) until encountering an antlion guard for the first time. After killing it, a vortigaunt extracts pheropods from the guard. The player is then taught how to use pheropod bugbait, then continues on toward Nova Prospekt.
The player fights a long way across a beach and cliffs to ultimately finally enter the perimeter of Nova Prospekt through a tunnel.
The first map in Nova Prospekt, taking place in a courtyard. The player must kill two gunships before proceeding.
Nova Prospekt
The insides of the titular prison, until just before finding Alyx.
The first map inside the prison. There are a lot of turrets and antlions fighting.
The player encounters another antlion guard. This map has lots and lots of enemies, and antlions are very helpful. There's also a room where it looks like soldiers were attempting to experiment on a vortigaunt. It is dead.
In this map, Breen is giving a speech about the current progress on capturing Gordon Freeman through a speaker. The main difficulties in this map are the height levels and multiple locked doors which are unlocked by pressing a button.
Fighting through more of the prison. There is a kitchen area that has a gas fire start inside it. In a cafeteria area, multiple combine soldiers fail to stop an antlion guard. At the end, combine-style moving walls attempt to crush the player.
Meeting Alyx, tracking down Eli, finding Mossman, and leaving Nova Prospekt.
First, Gordon and Alyx meet again. Alyx retrieves Eli's pod that he's been put inside and they communicate for a short time. Alyx stays behind to move Eli through the prison and to help Gordon find a way through the prison.
This map consists of two arenas. After the first one, it's "found out" that Mossman is a traitor.
Alyx and Gordon confront Mossman, and make her teleport them to Kleiner's lab. Mossman distracts Alyx, then teleports Eli and herself to an unknown location, likely Combine-controlled. Alyx and Gordon manage to hold off soldiers for long enough to teleport out of Nova Prospekt. A soldier shoots an energy ball at the teleporter just before they are teleported.
Day 3
Continuing the Entanglement chapter. Goes through all of the remaining City 17 maps, into the Citadel, and to the end of the game.
Entanglement (continued)
Alyx and Gordon arrive at Kleiner's lab. Kleiner reveals that they had spent over one week's time teleporting from Nova Prospekt to City 17. An uprising has started since then. Gordon and Dog head out to find Barney.
Anticitizen One
The first part of Gordon's push through war-torn City 17. Ends just before meeting up with Barney.
Dog fights Combine soldiers and an APC. Dog opens a gate for Gordon to go through before going back and fighting a dropship. Gman is briefly on a tv screen. This map passes through some of the same areas that were in
d1_trainstation_03 and
The player finds their first allies and learns how to command them to go places. Just before coming close enough, these same allies are seen tearing down one of Breen's giant monitors. This map passes through most of the area from
This map introduces the player to hopper mines.
The player and allies storm a barricade, then go through an apartment complex.
The player must defend their area from combines as a rebel on the other side of a wall plants a bomb so that the player can come through. The player is then blocked by a door, which can be opened from the other side by going through a Ravenholm-ish section of tunnel with goo.
Mostly notable only for its drawbridges. Lots of fighting.
Alyx and Gordon meet again. They fight their way down to a plaza with a power generator. The player guards Alyx while she disables the generator's shields, then the player disables it with the gravity gun. Alyx and Gordon split up again.
The player fights through underground industrial structures.
Appears to be identical to
d3_c17_02 except that the player spawns with no weapons or suit, and the cutscene with Dog starts automatically. This map is never entered at any point in regular gameplay. When the player tries to go to the next map, an error occurs because this map is not recognized by
d3_c17_03. To do: Purpose?
"Follow Freeman!"
- Not to be confused with Follow Freeman. (The mod)
Meeting up with Barney, raiding the Nexus building, and breaching the Citadel's walls.
Gordon kills snipers to save Barney, then they continue onward.
Barney and Gordon run to the nexus building, dodging the Suppression Device along the way.
Inside the nexus building. Gordon and Barney fight through many enemies and floor turrets. Three power generators are turned off.
The roof of the nexus building. The suppression device is passed by (now inactive).
Mostly the same area as
d3_c17_10a but now with more enemies and striders.
A strider harasses the player as they try to maneuver through a destroyed building. Scanners also relay information about the player to the strider.
The player and rebels overtake a heavily destroyed building. 2-4 striders may have to be killed before proceeding out of the building. Back on the streets, Gordon runs into Dog and Barney. Dog lifts part of the Citadel wall up, exposing a hole in the ground that opens access into the Citadel.
Our Benefactors
Entering the Citadel, to the final pod ride up to Breen's office.
The player jumps into the Citadel. They then get on a pod, because there's nowhere else to go.
A breather. Just a scenic ride through the Citadel. At the end, the player is dropped in a weapon confiscation field.
The weapon confiscation field vaporizes every weapon the player has, except the gravity gun, which becomes supercharged. The player uses their new super weapon to fight through the Citadel.
The player continues fighting through the Citadel.
The player is forced to take another pod ride. This time, they are spotted by a camera which sends the player in a special pod path up to Breen's office.
Dark Energy
The finale of the game.
Gordon is now caught, as well as Eli and Alyx. Mossman saves them all for the moment. Breen tries to escape the Citadel by teleporting out. Gordon stops this, and sends the Citadel into a meltdown. Gman comes and takes Gordon out before the explosion, leaving Alyx.
Day 3 events continue into Half-Life 2: Episode One.


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Kabul, Afghanistan: An audit of results from Afghanistan's presidential runoff election resumed Sunday after a holiday break, an electoral official said.
The audit of more than 8 million votes is likely to take weeks, stalling an already much-delayed announcement of a new president to replace Hamid Karzai, the only leader the country has known since the 2001 US-led invasion that ousted the Taliban.
Preliminary results from the June 14 runoff showed former Finance Minister Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai well ahead of his rival, former Foreign Minister Abdullah Abdullah, but both sides alleged fraud.
Afghan election commission spokesman Noor Mohammad Noor said the audit, which would remain open to the public, began in the afternoon although it had been scheduled to start a day earlier.
"The audit process is underway right now in two shifts to end the process as soon as possible," he said at a news conference, adding that local and international observers are watching the audit along with journalists, as well as representatives from candidate Ghani Ahmadzai's team. There were no representatives from Abdullah.
A United Nations official said Saturday that requests from Abdullah's team had delayed the audit's resumption.
Abdullah's campaign team meanwhile decried the audit as "a show" on Sunday and maintained that the election was fraudulent. It released a recording with a voice it alleged belongs to the country's second vice president, Mohammad Karim Khalili, assuring his supporters that Ghani Ahmadzai would win the election because he had support from both foreigners and Karzai.
Khalili's office later denounced the recording as a fake.
A senior State Department official said that Secretary of State John Kerry called both Abdullah and Ghani Ahmadzai on Friday to express continued support for the Afghan electoral process and a framework agreement for a national unity government agreed during his last visit.
The official added that Kerry stressed urgency in accelerating the audit and implementing the framework agreement following the end of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. The Secretary reminded both candidates that Afghanistan and its international partners need clarity from the process and confidence that the two candidates and their supporters will be able to work together regardless of who wins, in order to implement reforms.
Also Sunday, in the country's east, a member of the International Security Assistance Force died as a result of non-battle injury, ISAF said in a statement, without giving any other details.
So far total of 49 international service members have died in the country since the beginning of the year.
Find latest and upcoming tech gadgets online on Tech2 Gadgets. Get technology news, gadgets reviews & ratings. Popular gadgets including laptop, tablet and mobile specifications, features, prices, comparison.
Updated Date: Aug 04, 2014 10:58:44 IST


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This series consists of weekly discussion sessions on foundations of quantum Theory and quantum information theory. The sessions start with an informal exposition of an interesting topic, research result or important question in the field. Everyone is strongly encouraged to participate with questions and comments.
Entanglement distillation
transforms weakly entangled noisy states into highly entangled states, a
primitive to be used in quantum repeater schemes and other protocols designed
for quantum communication and key distribution. In this work, we present a comprehensive
framework for continuous-variable entanglement distillation schemes that
convert noisy non-Gaussian states into Gaussian ones in many iterations of the
protocol. Instances of these protocols include the recursive Gaussifier
A circuit obfuscator is an algorithm that translates
logic circuits into functionally-equivalent similarly-sized logic circuits that
are hard to understand. While ad hoc obfuscators have been implemented, theoretical
progress has mainly been limited to no-go results. In this work, we propose a
new notion of circuit obfuscation, which we call partial indistinguishability.
We then prove that, in contrast to previous definitions of obfuscation, partial
indistinguishability obfuscation can be achieved by a polynomial-time
Matrix product states and
their continuous analogues are variational classes of states that capture
quantum many-body systems or quantum fields with low entanglement; they are at
the basis of the density-matrix renormalization group method and continuous
variants thereof. In this talk we show that, generically, N-point functions of
arbitrary operators in discrete and continuous translation invariant matrix
product states are completely characterized by the corresponding two- and
A mixed state can be expressed as a sum of D tensor product matrices, where D is its operator Schmidt rank, or as the result of a purification with a purifying state of Schmidt rank D', where D' is its purification rank. The question whether D' can be upper bounded by D is important theoretically (to establish a description of mixed states with tensor networks), as well as numerically (as the first decomposition is more efficient, but the second one guarantees positive-semidefiniteness after truncation).
The problem of determining and describing the family of 1-particle reduced density operators (1-RDO) arising from N-fermion pure states (viapartial trace) is known as the fermionic quantum marginal problem. We present its solution, a multitude of constraints on the eigenvalues of the 1-RDO, generalizing the Pauli exclusion principle.
We present a family of three-dimensional local
quantum codes with pairs of fractal logical operators. It has two polynomials
over finite fields as input parameters
which generate fractal shapes of anti-commuting logical operators, and
possesses exotic topological order with quantum glassiness which is beyond
descriptions of conventional topological field theory. A necessary and
sufficient condition for being free from string-like logical operators is
obtained under which the model works as marginally self-correcting quantum
Quantum process tomography is the experimental procedure
to determine the action of general transformations on quantum states. When an
external environment is interacting with the system these transformations are
called open. We show that if the state of the system and the environment is
correlated, at the beginning of the experiment, then the standard quantum
process tomography procedure fails. It produces results that are nonlinear and
non-positive (i.e., the dynamical map is not completely positive) . These
In my talk, I will discuss various families of quantum
low-density parity check
(LDPC) codes and their fault tolerance. Such codes yield finite code rates and
at the same time
simplify error correction and encoding due to low-weight stabilizer
generators. As an example, a large family of
Until fairly recently, it
was generally assumed that the initial state of a quantum system prepared for information processing was in a product state with its environment. If this is the case,
the evolution is described by a completely positive map. However, if the system and environment are initially correlated, or entangled, such that the so-called quantum discord is non-zero, then the


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In the last decade, we've seen laptops shrink to cardboard thickness, ubiquitous Internet connectivity allow us to carry all the world's knowledge in a pocket, and touch-based tablets make computing intuitive enough for two-year-olds. Everything seems to be improving. Well, everything with one big exception: batteries. As the rest of the tech world rips forward, battery technology remains stagnant. Smartphone clock speeds are measured in GHz and screens are so dense we can't even see pixels anymore, yet battery life is still measured in hours, not days.
We've been putting up with crappy battery life for our entire lives, but our dependence on batteries is growing. More and more of us look at the battery specs of new devices to judge their overall competence, even before they've gone on sale, in the same way we check the screen resolution and the clock speed of the chip. The new Verizon Droid DNA is an excellent example. The 1080p, 5-inch screen may have grabbed the headlines, but the seemingly weedy 2020mAh battery had many complaining that it wouldn't be up to the job of powering such a pixel-dense screen.
A recent J.D. Power survey found battery performance was the least satisfying aspect of smartphone ownership, and it was one of just two areas that showed a significant decline between 2011 and 2012. Owners of 4G devices are particularly frustrated by poor performance. Bottom line: Batteries need to get better, but will they? Is a single day of battery life really the best we can hope for? Fortunately, no. A number of promising developments on the horizon promise to bring batteries out of the dark ages and potentially last for weeks.
Sprucing up the lithium-ion battery
Lithium-ion batteries were developed in the 1970s and reached the market in the early 1990s. Since then, they've made their way into almost every battery-powered gadget. But they're ready for retirement, right? Not according to Professor Harold Kung of Northwestern University. He led a project which redesigned standard li-ion batteries using a graphene-silicon anode so they could hold up to 10 times as great a charge as before, while decreasing the time it takes to charge them by the same amount.
Researchers at Rice University have used a similar-sounding technique to make another type of cell, this time with a porous silicon-powder anode, which again boosted performance 10 times over. While a standard graphite anode li-ion battery has a capacity of 350 to 400mAh per gram, Rice's battery hits 1,000mAh per gram, so it can store more charge without adding bulk.
Silicon has proven popular in next-gen batteries because it's cheap, plentiful, and can hold more power than carbon; but it has proven difficult to master the longevity of cells built using it. Battery expert Yi Cui, working at Stanford University, has developed a "double-walled silicon nanotube anode" which can provide a capacity of 4,000mAh per gram and more importantly, achieve the long-term goals always thought possible using silicon. His research states the battery will still operate at 85-percent capacity even after 6,000 cycles.
While all these new technologies can theoretically be used in small batteries powering our gadgets, much of the research is currently aimed at electric vehicles.
New types of batteries
Though there are some promising new techniques that may squeeze more juice out of them, improved li-ion batteries only represent one avenue of innovation. So what else is out there?
Li-imide technology, developed by Leyden Energy, is also vying for a shot at powering your gadgets. Although the batteries are based on a different chemistry, they cost the same to produce as li-ion, and return as much as 25 percent more energy. They're also more resistant to varying heat levels (li-ion cells don't react well to hot and cold) and will last three times as long as existing cells too, even with a daily charging cycle.
Lithium-air, or li-air, batteries are another contender, but they're still in development. Like much of the research into new battery tech, li-air cells will most likely find their way into cars, but could be adapted for use in consumer electronics, too. According to Professor Peter Bruce from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, it's currently a challenge to make li-air batteries that are stable enough to only create reactions that supply power. "The science is promising but we can't yet guarantee it will end in a workable technology," he told the BBC earlier this year.
One challenge of developing a new battery is the sheer variety of potential chemical cocktails to examine. To speed up the process of deciding which could offer the best results, a computer algorithm developed by the Materials Genome Project at MIT simulates possible reactions so scientists can focus on the best candidates. A startup named Pellion Technologies is a spin-off of the project, and is currently developing a magnesium battery which could power cars, consumer electronics, and handheld devices in the future.
There have been advances in bio batteries too. Wile the idea of a Coca-Cola powered phone is good for a laugh, Toshiba and Sony have experimented with enzyme-powered fuel cells using everything from waste paper to vodka in the quest for an environmentally friendly source of power.
New ways to conserve energy
New batteries present one obvious way to improve how long a gadget can run without a recharge, but conserving the charge of an existing battery can accomplish the same feat. A team at the University of Michigan examined how phones use the most power, and found them to be particularly wasteful at idle. Constantly monitoring wireless networks for signal and incoming data uses as much energy as sending out messages. To fix this, the researchers came up with E-MiLi, which is short for Energy Minimizing Idle Listening. It's like an ultra-power-saving mode, slowing down the connectivity processes, then giving them a kickstart when the phone detects an incoming signal. The result is a smartphone that's 44 percent more efficient.
The downside of E-MiLi is that for it to work, the tech not only has to be built into every gadget, but all Wi-Fi and cellular hardware, as well. Kang Shin is a professor of Computing Science at U of M who works on the E-MiLi team. He revealed that the team is about to "sign a licensing agreement with a major cellphone manufacturer," but won't be able to provide any solid details for a couple of weeks. This could be one of the few emerging power technologies that we'll get to see in use quite soon.
Companies are also exploring totally different ways of charging batteries, which can help negate the pain of it running out of power at an inopportune moment. Piezoelectric films can now be built into clothing, where vibration from ambient sound can supply power to a phone. Personal solar panels can store energy during the day to power hardware in an emergency as well. The U.S. military has even demonstrated clothing that stores kinetic energy and can power devices.
The future
These next-gen batteries could provide more energy, last longer, and in some cases even cost less than current batteries. It all sounds wonderful, so why aren't any of them in our phones and laptops?
Sadly, none of them are ready for prime time yet. While Leyden has licensed its li-imide batteries to Nvidia, it will only be used in development platforms. Meanwhile, Professor Bruce from the University of St Andrews says he believes lithium-ion batteries are "here to stay" for at least another few years.
Here's hoping those alternatives can offer us a power boost in the meantime. It's going to be a while before any phone battery lasts as long as a Kindle.
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$10,000 $5,000 $1,000 is too much to pay for an autopilot, especially one that doesn't do exactly what you want."
An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV, colloquially known as a "drone") is basically an aerial robot. As we define it, it is capable of both remotely controlled flight (like a regular RC aircraft) and fully-autonomous flight, controlled by sensors, GPS, and onboard computers performing the functions of an autopilot. Our UAVs include airplanes, helicopters, quadcopters and blimps. Most of them are under five pounds, and some of them (especially the blimps) can be used indoors.
We are focused on non-commercial ("recreational") projects by amateurs, although pros are always welcome too. Reasons to make your own UAV range from a fun technical challenge, student contests, aerial photography and mapping (what we call "GeoCrawling"), and scientific sensing. We are primarily interested in civilian, not military, UAV uses here.
If you're new to all this, start here.
DIY Drones is a community based on the Ning social networking platform, and anybody who registers (it's free and easy) can post their own blog entries like this one on the front page, along with starting discussions in the sidebar at left or uploading videos below that. Your registration gives you the ability to do a lot on the site--so feel free to post anything you think will be of interest to this community!
There are other amateur sites out there, from the discussion forums of RC Groups to individual blogs, but DIY Drones is explicitly built as a social network, which means that the community is as important as the content. We're also focused on the most accessible end of the amateur UAV world, with the aim of potentially including high school students.
This means we emphasize amateur UAV projects that are:
Views: 50244
"Safe: We follow the current interpretation of the FAA guidelines on small UAVs. Recreational use (non-commercial), under 400 ft altitude..." Perhaps that should be clarified as in "400 feet AGL altitude."


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The two largest markets for cosmetics and personal care products are the US and the European Union (EU). And while there are similarities, safety regulations differ greatly between the two.
Cosmetics manufactured under the EU Directive are held to higher standards than those from the US, which are loosely regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Discrepancies are most apparent in the areas of ingredient safety, testing guidelines and labeling.
Though it is commonly assumed that FDA regulates cosmetics the same as it does food and drugs, "FDA's legal authority over cosmetics is different from other products regulated by the agency .... Cosmetic products and ingredients are not subject to FDA premarket approval authority, with the exception of color additives." – taken from the FDA website.
Harmful Ingredients Banned or Restricted for Use
|Diethanolamine (DEA)
|Dibutyl phthalate
|Sodium methylparaben
|X = ingredients banned from region
Ingredients are probably the first thing a conscientious consumer looks at in a cosmetic product. In the US ingredient safety is assessed by the Cosmetics Ingredients Review, a committee established and funded by the Personal Care Products Council (PCPC). So far CIR has reviewed only 11 percent of cosmetic ingredients and FDA has banned or restricted the use of only 11 chemicals. That leaves 89 percent of all ingredients used in cosmetics in the US that have not been evaluated for safety by any publicly accountable institution.
EU regulations require ingredient testing and safety guidelines go through SCCS, a scientific advisory committee appointed by the EU Commission. In 2003 revisions were made to the EU Cosmetics Directive banning 1,100 chemicals of the 15,000 tested from cosmetic use. This means that cosmetics and personal care products containing chemicals known or suspected of causing cancer, genetic mutation, reproductive harm or birth defects are not allowed to be sold in the European Union.
Canadian law governing cosmetics safety is also more stringent than US regulations. A Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist was recently created by Canadian government where over 500 ingredients are either banned or restricted for use in cosmetic products sold in Canada. While Canadian standards are not as strict as those of Europe, they are still ahead of the US.
As far as safety testing goes, responsibility lies with the manufacturer in both the US and EU. The difference is that the EU takes a precautionary approach, responding to potentially harmful ingredients, where the US assumes a wait-and-see attitude where a chemical must be "proven" harmful in order to impose regulatory action.
Now let's talk labeling. EU requires full ingredient listings following International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) guidelines. INCI is a labeling system for skin care ingredients implemented by the EU, which requires full disclosure of ingredients on cosmetic and personal care products. Manufacturers using INCI labeling must follow ingredient name requirements and listing guidelines set by the regulatory board, namely by using the ingredient's scientific name and listing ingredients by quantity of presence in the product – greatest to least.
Conversely, here in the US full ingredient listing is not required and ingredients go by many names, often making it difficult to determine whether or not a product harbors harmful ingredients. Marc Pritchard, chair of the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (now PCPC), stated in their 2005 annual report, "We are facing increased regulatory clout from the European Union which is affecting our industry on a global basis, notably in China. It is clear that our industry is at a crossroads in the areas of safety, self-regulation and global harmonization, and will require further action on our parts to lead to positive changes in the future that are good for consumers, and good for our industry. ...".
Making changes to FDA regulation of cosmetics would mean changing the law. In lieu of such safety guards, some states have set up protective measures on their own. For instance, Washington has banned phthalates from personal care products designed for children, and California is the first state requiring cosmetics manufacturers to disclose any ingredients on state or federal lists of chemicals that cause cancer or birth defects.
To this point, regulation of cosmetics has been severely overlooked in the US. For the time being, ensuring product safety is left to the consumer. To help protect yourself and your family read product labels and familiarize yourself with the different terms used for cosmetic ingredients. And follow brands committed to product safety and full ingredient disclosure. By protecting ourselves, and using our purchasing power, we can eventually change the face of cosmetic safety.


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A study led by MassGeneral Hospital for Children (MGHfC) investigators is providing new insight into the mechanism of neonatal seizures, which have features very different from seizures in older children and adults. In their report in the Sept. 10 issue of Neuron, the researchers describe finding how neurons in different parts of the brains of newborn mammals respond differently to the neurotransmitter GABA, an observation that may explain why seizure activity in the neonatal brain often does not produce visible convulsions and why the common antiseizure drug phenobarbital can exacerbate the invisible nature of neonatal seizures.
"The incidence of seizures is higher in the newborn period than at any other stage of life," says Kevin Staley, MD, MGHfC chief of Neurology, senior author of the Neuron paper. "This is a time of transition when brain cells begin to switch the way they respond to the neurotransmitter GABA, which increases the activity of immature brain cells but decreases the activity of mature cells. Many of our most powerful seizure medicines work by enhancing the action of GABA, but this treatment may backfire for brain cells that have not yet made that transition."
GABA acts by mediating the flow of chloride ions into and out of neurons, and previous research has shown that neurons in structures deep within the developing mammalian brain change the expression of proteins that pump ions in or out of cells at an earlier stage than do neurons in the neocortex, the outer part of the brain that matures last and where seizures originate. The current study was designed to investigate whether the different expression of chloride pumps in specific regions of the brain might explain why newborns often have seizures not accompanied by convulsions.
The researchers first confirmed in newborn mice that chloride levels in deep-brain structures like the thalamus are much lower than cortical levels, a difference that decreases as the animals mature and cortical chloride levels drop. They then showed that GABA inhibits the activity of thalamic neurons but stimulates cortical neurons in neonatal rats, a difference that was enhanced by the induction of seizures.
Treatment with phenobarbital suppressed seizure activity in subcortical structures but not in the neocortex. That finding could explain the suppression of convulsions, which require the passage of seizure signals from the cortex through subcortical structures and out to the muscles, while a cortical seizure persists. Adding the diuretic bumetanide, which blocks the chloride pump responsible for immature neurons' excitatory response to GABA, to phenobarbital treatment successfully suppressed seizure activity in both cortical and subcortical regions.
"Our study provides a logical mechanism for the clinical invisibility of many neonatal seizures, information that may help determine the best way to monitor newborns with brain injuries for seizures and select the best strategies for anticonvulsant treatment," Staley explains. "For example, by blocking the protein responsible for immature brain cells' excitatory response to GABA, bumetanide essentially converts that immature response to a mature response and allows antiseizure medicines to work properly. We are excited to be participating in a trial of bumetanide as an adjunctive treatment of neonatal seizures currently being carried out in collaboration with colleagues at Childrens Hospital Boston and Brigham and Women's Hospital."
Staley is the Joseph P. and Rose F. Kennedy Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. Co-first authors of the Neuron paper are Joseph Glykys, MD, PhD, MGHfC, and Volodymyr Dzhala, PhD, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND). Additional co-authors are Kishore Kuchibhotla and Brian Bacskai, PhD, MIND; Guoping Fang, PhD, and George Augustine, PhD, Duke University; and Thoma Kuner, PhD, University of Heidelberg, Germany. The study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Health and the Epilepsy Foundation.
Massachusetts General Hospital (www.massgeneral.org), established in 1811, is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. The MGH conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the United States, with an annual research budget of almost $550 million and major research centers in AIDS, cardiovascular research, cancer, computational and integrative biology, cutaneous biology, human genetics, medical imaging, neurodegenerative disorders, regenerative medicine, systems biology, transplantation biology and photomedicine.


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Elements Of Style
Fashion Friday: If I Were An Oscars Stylist
I always do a Red Carpet post-mortem but this year I decided I wanted to do a post about what I would select for stars if I were in charge of dressing them! After looking at tons of the Style.com runway shows here are some of my choices:
Sandra Bullock:
I love Sandra is formfitting slightly sporty looks to show off her insane figure. I think color really looks lovely on her too- this coral number by J. Mendel or this simple Badgley Mischka would be so lovely.
Jennifer Lawrence:
We all know she HAS to wear Dior, and from their dresses (which I don't love, honestly) I would adore her in this belted red number. However, she's worn a lot of red on the red carpet so I doubt this will what she shows up in. I also feel like she would be SO happy to wear a dress with straps. At the Golden Globes and the SAG awards she was compaining on camera about the strapless situation she was rocking. I also love her in dresses with a sleeker silhouette, not the ball gowns they love to put her in. She's a young, fun, funny gal who should be comfortable! This fitted Badgley Mischka would be ladylike but bad ass too with her short hair!
Cate Blanchett:
This woman would seriously look amazing in a garbage bag. I'm serious. But if I were to pick something for her I love this gold and cream Valentino or this L'Wren Scott with a statement neckline to frame her regal features!
Lupita Nyong'o:
The new red carpet star! She has not failed once this season and I expect she will BRING IT on Oscar night. She's worn red and white so I am thinking gold will be her color that night (perhaps to match her award?) This Zuhair Murag at left would be to die for on her. But I also like her in streamlined look and I think this Jenny Packham would be simple and stunning too.
Julia Roberts:
Julia likes sleeves and because of that I'd pick this Naeem Khan for her (I love her in a bohemian look) or I think this one sleeved Elie Saab would be so glamorous!
Amy Adams:
Amy is all about the deep V this season thanks to her turn in American Hustle. I love her on dark blue so this Elie Saab would be PERFECTION on her. But I also adore the 70's vibe of this Badgley Mischka too!
Margot Robbie:
Miss Margot is a newcomer to the red carpet and she seems to like paler colors and feminine details. It's a bit of a stretch but I think this coral Elie Saab would be killer and really sexy! More in line with her style would be this violet Badgley Mischka.
And because she was the worst dressed at the Globes I had to dress Zoe Saldana:
This girl is young, gorgeous and sexy and so I think this AMAZEBALLS Zuhair Murad zebra dress would just rock on her. Or this ombre Elie Saab.
Any predictions you have for red carpet dresses??