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The Minnesota Partnership for Collaborative Curriculum (MPCC) is a grassroots initiative among Minnesota school districts to create a comprehensive collection of digital open education resources (OER). Over 200 districts have joined the project, with the goal to create digital course work for each of the four core subject areas – Math, Science, English Language Arts, and Social Studies – for grades 3-12.
World Language Courses Update
Partnership development work continues on a suite of world language courses in Spanish, French, and German. Right now the majority of work is focused on Spanish. Spanish 1 First Quarter, which will be used as a model for the rest of the courses, and is almost ready for feedback. We expect to post access to the course in early February. Once it's posted, we'd love to hear some feedback on how we can improve it.
Teacher Experience: ELA 12
Wonder what it's like to use MPCC curriculum? In the first of our Teacher Experience video series, hear about Jon Fila's experience with both developing and using the 12th Grade English Language Arts curriculum.
TIES Presentations & Course Updates
Going to the TIES Conference?
The MPCC will be well represented with several workshops and sessions. There are sessions to get you more information, help you with implementation or allow time to access and work with a course. Stop by to see us, or look for us Monday afternoon in the lobby area.
Teacher Implementation Network (TIN)
To connect teachers using MPCC curriculum, we have launched the MPCC TIN Google Community. Please pass this on to teachers and support staff so we can continue to learn more about who is using the materials and how. Thanks to Karen Johnson and subject area facilitators Mary Kurvers, Dan McGuire, Leah Sickman, Jon Fila and Marc Johnson for getting it started and providing support for teacher use!
Don't forget to add to our MPCC Digital Curriculum User Contacts list as well for continuing updates and inquiries.
Course updates
We are busily working on completing the remaining inaugural courses.
The following will be ready for piloting in January:
- Math 3
- Math 4
- HS Geography
Work also continues on:
- HS US History
- HS World History
- HS Earth Science
- Elementary level science and ELA
For Continuing Partners, a number of enhancement efforts are being initiated…
- Open Textbooks: in partnership with the Open Textbook initiative at the U of M Center for Open Education, an e-book formatted version of ELA 12 is being created as a pilot.
- Improving Cultural Relevance: content is being added from a partnership with Cultural Jambalaya, starting with 8th Grade Global Studies.
- Math series: to cover the full range of high school algebra needs, we are connecting the work on Algebra 2 to the Intermediate Algebra course (from Anoka-Hennepin) into a complete series.
- Targeted PD: The Stone Arch Bridge Initiative for Education Resources (SABIER) is a nonprofit looking to support districts interested in professional development and content adaptation in available science courses. Contact Dan McGuire (firstname.lastname@example.com) if your district may be interested.
- Math-Science Partnerships: Through a federal grant in coordination with MDE, a professional development module on Number Sense in Math has been developed, and will be released by MDE later in the year on their Canvas platform. Contact us for a preview.


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Merry Christmas everyone! Sorry about the slow KotOC as of late, but due to a recent change in policy I can no longer make the comic at work, and things have been hectic at home with moving and christmas. I think I can work out a new system that should have it back up, three times a week again at the least.
Also, I'm delaying the deadline. Winners will be announced on New Years Day so hurry up and send in those songs and comics. Remember, there's only two songs entered so far and NO comics so if you actually make a comic and nobody else does then you'll be GARUNTEED to win!

subset: commoncrawl


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January 17 – Happy Birthday Mayo Smith
Since my home town is Amsterdam, NY and I'm a passionate long-time fan of the New York Yankees, its only natural that I have a strong interest in the history of a now-defunct minor league franchise known as the Amsterdam Rugmakers. The team was the Yankees' affiliate in the Class C Canadian-American League from 1938 until 1951. They were immediately successful, winning their league's pennant during the first two years of their existence and the CanAm Championship in their third. Several future Yankee players made early career marks in Amsterdam. They included the great Vic Raschi, Spec Shea, Joe Page, Lew Burdette, Bob Grim, Joe Collins, Gus Triandous and Johnny Blanchard.
The team ceased operations during the WWII years and when play resumed in 1946, the Rugmakers struggled to regain their pre-war winning ways. They hit bottom in 1948, finishing in seventh place with a 57-80 record, setting a franchise record for most losses in a season. It was decided that a managerial change was in order. At the time, Jim Turner, the former Yankee relief pitcher and future Yankee pitching coach was managing a minor league team in Portland. His starting center fielder on that team was a 33-year-old native Floridian who had failed to stick in his one trial as a big leaguer. His name was Mayo Smith and Turner recommended him to the Yankees for the Rugmakers' job. Seeing a chance to save some money by employing a player/manager, Smith was hired and spent two years managing and playing outfield for Amsterdam.
After a 67-71 fifth place finish in 1949, Smith's 1950 Rugmakers got back into the playoffs with a 72-65 fourth place finish and advanced to but lost in the finals. Smith was rewarded with a promotion to the Yankee's Class B Piedmont League affiliate in Norfolk, VA. He managed that team to two straight league championships and then got promoted again, this time to the Yankee Class A Southern League affiliate in Birmingham, where his team advanced to the league championship finals(but lost) in his first season at the helm. Suddenly, Smith was being mentioned as the potential successor for Yankee legend Casey Stengel. In fact, the Ol Perfessor told reporters that Smith was the most impressive coach he encountered during New York's spring training camps and he predicted great things for Smith's future.
Stengel was right. In 1955 Smith got his first big league managerial position with the Philadelphia Phillies. He did a solid job with a pretty mediocre ball club for three-and-a-half seasons. After getting let go by the Phillies midway through the 1958 season he was hired to manage the Reds in '59. After lasting just a half year in Cincinnati, Smith left managing to return to the Yankees as a scout. Actually, he became the team's first ever super scout. Major League Baseball had just instituted its inter-league trading period. Previously, if a team in one league wanted to trade a player to a team in the other league, that player would have to clear waivers within his own league first. The Yankees gave Smith the responsibility of scouting all NL teams and in that capacity he became a well-known fixture at all of the senior circuit's ballparks. Smith remained in that role for six years until he was hired to manage the Detroit Tigers. He managed his 1968 team to a World Series win over the Cardinals. A key move made by Smith during that fall classic to play outfielder Mickey Stanley at shortstop so he could keep both Stanley's and Al Kaline's bat in the lineup, was praised for years afterwards by the baseball press.
Smith remained the Tiger manager through the 1970 season. He died in 1977, a victim of a heart attack. He shares his birthday with this former Yankee DH and this popular former Yankee coach.


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Fiona1 necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 130 diseños de 29 diseñadores freelance.
Pacelearning and consulting
paceLEARNING is a private company based in Brisbane, Australia. We specialise in leadership development, however also deliver a range of other training programs and facilitate business planning sessions and executive coaching sessions.
We are a boutique firm and base our customer service ethos around very strong relationships that have been built up over many years. We are very professional, ethical, customer service focused and believe we are leaders in our field. We are also very flexible in design and delivery methods and always seeking out new knowledge and innovative ways of doing things.
Our target audience/ target market is large organisations or government departments. We would also like to target large professional firms. They are professional, successful and willing to invest time and money into developing their staff.
Our current colours are navy blue and gold.
Please see our current website http://www.pacelearning.com.au.
We are also in the process of adding 'and consulting' to our legal entities.
Once we have our logo we are revamping our website.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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One of a Kind Online Shop is part of the Global Exhibitions Division of Informa PLC
This site is operated by a business or businesses owned by Informa PLC and all copyright resides with them. Informa PLC's registered office is 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG. Registered in England and Wales. Number 3099067.
Esther Avanesova
Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
We are 100% NATURAL! Our face care is handcrafted in small quantities to ensure freshness and exclusive quality.
Advanced Antioxidant Plus is a complete health-conscious face care routine with a sense of style.
Formulated entirely from certified organic, natural, and naturally-derived ingredients. Rich in natural antioxidants, moisturizers, organic oils, and vitamins.
Fast, flat rate $5 shipping to Canada and $10 to the US. FREE SHIPPING OVER $70
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The Ithaca College & Longview Partnership
A unique program administered by the Gerontology Institute is the College's relationship with Longview, an Ithacare Community. In the early 1970s, through the efforts of Ithaca College administrators and community leaders, a College dormitory was converted into an adult care facility that became known as Ithacare. In 1989 Ithacare's board of directors decided to build a new facility and proposed a joint venture for the two institutions, featuring intergenerational programming and the sharing of services.
This adult residential facility is located just up the road from the College. Today the Longview facility includes a large classroom and demonstration space dedicated for Ithaca College use. Ithaca College faculty and students have been enjoying programmed activities at Longview since 1999. The mission of the College and Ithacare relationship is to create a unique, shared environment which enriches the College's academic curriculum, and affords members of both the College and Longview communities with intergenerational educational and social experiences; to facilitate personal and professional growth; to promote volunteerism; and to enhance the quality of life.
In a typical semester, two dozen faculty members, 4-5 staff members, and approximately 300 students from 20 majors interact with well over 100 residents in 40 different activities at Longview. And accordingly, Longview residents can be seen in classrooms across IC's campus, and are in attendance at many College performances and activities.


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I'll admit, this project was Michelle's brainchild. I found this glorious fabric at High Fashion Home right after getting engaged and fell in love. I knew I needed it incorporated into the wedding, but I wasn't sure how. Fast forward to a visit to Paper Source. I was still carrying around the tiny sample piece of fabric and Michelle had the idea to use it as the envelope liner for the invitations. Yeah, it is quite a bit of work for something that might get tossed right into the trash, but the finished project is gorgeous. We bought the envelope liner stencil kit, a tape runner, A7 envelopes in "paper bag", new sharp fabric scissors, and a bolt of fabric. It was fairly simple; trace the stencil onto the back of your fabric, cut out the lining, slide the fabric into the envelope and tape the top triangle area of the liner to the actual envelope.
With the envelope decided on, I asked Rose to design the invites based on the envelope. Backwards? Well, I did go on my honeymoon before the wedding. Rose was so patient and helpful, I think the design is fun, not stuffy, and sweet. They should arrive soon and I am so excited to get them out. I will update you soon. xo


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Desire for a wedding bride dresses
Every girl has been carrying a wedding celebration cd given those childhood years, where she analyzes what her wedding dress, wedding bride dresses, will certainly resemble, the wedding arrangement, what bridesmaids dresses will certainly be and what cake will be offered in the ending of the evening. Whatever was wrong with me! The only point I thought about when I presented my hypothetical wedding celebration was before the sweetheart made me an offer– this is the song for the first dance and also the wedding dress, wedding bride dresses!
Travel or wedding bride dresses
Weddings, wedding society, bridal gown, wedding bride dresses – a long time topic of debate: is it worth it to spend a lot loan in it? Isnt it better to invest it on a vacation, mortgage, repair service or vehicle? Does that require weddings? Is it not easier to sign in a quiet method and also not to roll up a large-scale banquet? All these inquiries are to be talked about by the new bride and the groom. So, wedding bride dresses!
Do you require a wedding bride dresses
A bridal gown, wedding bride dresses is among the main points in such discussions: why invest a whole salary on a point that you will wear only one day? And also although more and more women choose to wed in gowns that can be put on after a significant date, regardless, a distinct wedding dress, wedding bride dresses, stays the imagine every bride!


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This is a very touchy subject since the number one fear is the law taking your child away. Two conversations are happening simultaneously: Using Cannabis while pregnant and Children using Cannabis.
Tag: legalizeit
Our Top Cannabis Herbal Pairings
Much credit is due to the Cannabis plant for inspiring the formulation of our blends. Raised in NYC, Cannabis was always around me: the streets, the buildings, the friends, the schools and the news. It wasn't till my late 20's that I actually stopped calling it "MJ". During this deeper understanding of the plant kingdom, Continue reading
What is Equity from Day 1?
Cannabis legalization is around the corner for New Yorkers.
How you make that Coco Suave?
Baby its cold (and stressful) outside, so why not come in for some PEACE CBD Hot Coco Suave
More to Medicinal Plants than Cannabis?
The Dropping Seeds mission is to make a case for ancient healing that came thousands of years before modern medicine.
What is the Legal status of Cannabis/Hemp in NY?
As the laws concerning Cannabis keep changing and evolving, we dove deep to understand the current **NEW LEGAL STATUS** for New York. The plant Cannabis can be considered one of the most popular plants of the century. To start, Cannabis was used in every medicinal cabinet of America in the late 1800's. The government even Continue reading
Where to get gifts in B.K. for the Holidays?
Its that special time of year again, crazy deadlines, crazy traffic, crazy stress layered with buying all your holiday gifts. But we have the solution to all your troubles in three little letters CBD. Come join us during our Pop-Up shop at the Brooklyn Museum. Its filled with shopping, food, family holiday activities and our Healing Continue reading
So what is CBD? And why everyone is going crazy for it?


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Paolo Nespoli
- Soyuz TMA-20 crewmember
- Expeditions 26 and 27 flight engineer
Born the same year that Sputnik marked the start of the Space Age, Paolo Nespoli wanted to be an astronaut since he was a small child in a small town in northern Italy called Verano Brianza.
As an aerospace engineer and private pilot, he was assigned to the Italian contingent of the multinational peacekeeping force in Beirut, Lebanon, when he was 25.
After his military experience, he joined ESA's European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany, in 1990 as an astronaut training engineer. He contributed to the implementation of basic training and proficiency maintenance for the European astronauts. He worked on the Crew Support Computer used on the Russian space station Mir, and also in the Spaceflight Training Division for the crews of the International Space Station at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.
Paolo was selected as an astronaut in 1998 and he flew in 2007 to the International Space Station as an ESA astronaut on a mission named Esperia, an opportunity provided by the Italian space agency, ASI. Nespoli was then a mission specialist on the Space Shuttle and took part in installing the Node-2 module, a major Italian-built connecting block essential for expansion of the International Space Station.
Expedition 26/27 was Paolo's second flight in space. Trained for Space Shuttle but also for Soyuz spacecraft since 2004, he underwent intensive training for his challenging missions.
Paolo's full biography is available here.


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Steve Ricketts, Sales Director
To be honest when we first started using Broadbean we were very 50-50 on paying money for something that we thought simply saved consultants from doing their job. Now, I feel that Broadbean is as essential to us now as Jobserve was to an IT agency 3 years ago. The service is fantastic, and the site functionality is outstanding. Broadbean has now become an integral part of Circle Recruitment. Advert posting is no longer a chore and our coverage is much greater.


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IndyTech Web Design & development
Indytech are a web design and development company based in County Wicklow.
Our services include:
Website development
Web Design
Training Consultancy
Hosting Domains
Domain Registration
Search Engine Optimization
At Indytech we pride ourselves on working closely with our customers during website design, in Co Wicklow, Dublin, Wexford and all other counties in Ireland.
Delivering the best possible outcome for their individual needs on the web.
We also have a very strong knowledge of the Drupal CMS, which is the software that we use for most of our website design projects.
Indytech Recognize the importance of mobile devices when it comes the development of websites. With that in mind, Indytech now include mobile configuration for all new Mobile Web Design projects.
So your new website will look and perform much better on mobiles and tablets.
Having your own website these days can greatly enhance how your business or organization performs over the long term.
With the rise of the CMS (Content Management System) as a powerful tool for web design and development, it is now possible for small, medium and large companies and organizations to avail of this technology.
Social media, blogging, and fresh content, are all very important when it comes to measuring how successful your business is on the web. With this in mind we encourage all website owners to actively update and edit their websites content.
Please contact Indytech for more information about our web design services.
Google+ Mike Cahn
Google+ Indytech


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In the action-comedy "Tropic Thunder," Ben Stiller plays pampered action superstar Tugg Speedman, who is cast in the biggest, most expensive war movie ever produced. He sets out to Southeast Asia with a "Who's Who" of celebrity co-stars. They include Kirk Lazarus (Robert Downey Jr.), an intense, three-time Oscar(R)-winning actor; Jeff Portnoy (Jack Black), star of the popular gross-out comedy franchise "The Fatties"; multi-platinum hip-hop-star-turned-entrepreneur-turned-actor Alpa Chino (Brandon T. Jackson); and first-timer Kevin Sandusky (Jay Baruchel). Soon after the production begins the actors are thrown into a real-life situation and are forced to become the fighting unit they're portraying, in order to find a way out of the jungle in one piece.
2008 is the summer of Robert Downey Jr. After lingering for years in amazing, critically praised movies that no one will ever see, Robert Downey Jr. is taking his considerable acting talents and using them to cash big paychecks. But he's Robert Downey Jr., and just because he's doing a summer blockbuster for big cash doesn't mean he's pulling a Brendan Fraser. Even when working for Hollywood in its most popcorn of seasons, RDJ has gone out of his way to pick the riskiest, most interesting roles the big studios have to offer.
First audiences will catch him in Iron Man as a superhero. But not just any superhero. An alcoholic superhero arms dealer. Then they'll see him in a Ben Stiller comedy, but not just any Ben Stiller comedy, a Ben Stiller comedy in which, Robert Downey basically spends the entire movie in blackface. RDJ just can't stop taking risks.
What's more, his blockbuster gambles seem entirely capable of paying off. Tropic Thunder looks hilarious, like a modern day Three Amigos!, and I mean that in the best possible way (hey Chevy Chase used to be funny). Early test screening audience reviews have been extremely positive and word is that Downey's blackface character works, in a way that's almost impossibly, completely inoffensive. This thing may actually be funny, something that's all too rare in a Ben Stiller movie.
Speaking of Ben, with Tropic Thunder he returns to writing and directing for the first time since Zoolander. Like his previous directorial efforts, this one looks to step outside the lines of what's in vogue with comedy. Most of the biggest comedic blockbusters in past years have either been parodies or relationship comedies. Tropic Thunder fits into neither category, and funny or not at least it seems determined to do its own damned thing.


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The feds don't just have egg on their face this time.
They have blood on their hands.
The federal government insists that marijuana is so dangerous that Californians shouldn't be able to possess it, but that guns are a constitutional right and thus not much of a threat at all.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
The madness of this sort of thinking was brought into sharp relief Monday in Oakland.
In one day, the federal authorities raided Oaksterdam University, a school for training people in the marijuana business, and the home of its founder Richard Lee.
Meanwhile, an angry student at a private university in Oakland was using his legally purchased handgun to shoot students. Seven died.
The commentary on these two events has been predictably liberal in the Bay Area. But this time, the comparisons are dead-on.
On both fronts, the federal government is trampling on the democratic wishes of Californians. Majorities support legalized marijuana for medical purposes, and gun control. But we remain subjects of a federal government that has its priorities backward.
The priority should be preventing violence.


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Pranna Restaurant and Lounge
- 50% off
- Only on the App
- Flatiron
- Asian Fusion, Vietnamese, Dance Clubs
The first word that comes to mind when you step into Pranna is "striking" – in scale, cuisine and flair. There's a romance inherent to both the space and the food you'll eat inside of it.The first word that comes to mind when you step into Pranna is "striking." It's striking in scale (15,000 square feet with soaring ceilings) and striking in design; the dining room laces elegance with sex appeal, creating one of Madison Avenue's most dramatically lovely spots for a meal. And oh, man, what a meal you'll have: Pranna's menu focuses on traditional Southeast Asian dishes (Thai, Vietnamese, Malaysian) presented with modern flair. For a hint at what that means, just ponder the Seared King Scallops with Coconut Milk, Apple, Eggplant, and Green Curry, or the Lamb Tenderloin with Lychee, in all of its flavorful, fun-even-to-look-at glory. Then quit with all the pondering and grab yourself a fork.
In Sanskrit, Pranna means "breath of life," which is precisely what you'll feel as you walk around the restaurant's massive, luxurious rooms. Opened in October of 2008, Pranna was planned from the outset to house a variety of concepts; the restaurant's amazing expanse stretches across three floors, with multiple bar, lounge, and party areas, all of which culminate in the beautiful, warmly modern dining room. There's a romance inherent to both the space and the food you'll eat inside of it; as we wandered through the tables for the first time, We were struck by how (forgive this word, it's accurate) sumptuous the entire experience is. The menu is an intriguingly curated array of dishes and flavors from Thailand, Cambodia, India, and other corners of Southeast Asia, but it never overreaches into cloying fusion territory. Our favorite approach is to hit the small plates list and just keep ordering: the Tapioca-Crusted Fried Chicken Wings ("Thai Street Style") or the Siam Prawn Cakes with Fried Shallots and Tamarind Basil Aioli are big enough to share but might make you wish you didn't have to. They all make excellent partners to any of Pranna's hand-pounded curry dishes (pay special attention to anything that includes pumpkin. we're just saying.)
The exotic flavors show up in the cocktail list, as well, and though there's an impressive wine list, do you really want to pass up concoctions like Thai Kwon Gin (rosemary, egg whites, lemongrass, Thai lavender tea) and the Dragon Fly (Calamansi honey, kaffir lime leaves, Thai chile-infused vodka)? Of course not. Just make sure you pace them out over the course of a meal; one too many Spiked Rabbits (sage, fresh carrot juice, tequila) and you may end up actually getting lost on your way to the bathroom. It's been known to happen.
Menu Highlights:
Fried Chicken Wings "Thai Street Style", $8
Moo Shu Duck Breast, $11
Steamed Lobster & Pork Dumplings, $14
Vietnamese Caramel Baked Cod, $24
Monday, 4 p.m. to 11 p.m.
TuesdayThursday, 4 p.m. to 12 a.m.
FridaySaturday, 4 p.m. to 4 a.m.


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March proves brutal than February, 984 killed
March proves brutal than February, 984 killed
KABUL (Pajhwok): More than 1,600 people suffered casualties in Afghanistan last month (March), showing a 13 percent surge over February's toll, Pajhwok Afghan News has learnt.
The month saw attacks by insurgents merely declining as there were 137 attacks in March compared to 139 in February, when 1,400 people were killed and wounded ---14 percent up over January's casualties.
Reports show 984 people were killed and 650 others wounded in attacks during the month of March, indicating no let-up in violence.
The dead and wounded included insurgents, government forces and civilians. However, Pajhwok could not publish exact casualty figures because various sources provided different accounts and the differentiation was impossible.
According to Pajhwok daily reports based on different sources,the armed attacks in Marchtook place in 23 provinces of the country's total 34.
There were 60 face-to-face clashes, 30 targeted attacks, 27 airstrikes, 11 explosions, seven suicide attacks and two roadside explosions in March.
Among every 22 people, nine were killed and wounded in the direct engagement, six in airstrikes, and four in suicide attacks, two in targeted attacks and one in blasts.
Pajhwok reports show 64 of the attacks last month occurred in Nangarhar, Kandahar, Ghazni, and Helmand provinces and the remaining 73 in 19 other provinces.
There was no report of violence from Badakhshan, Balkh, Daikundi, Ghor, MaidanWardak, Nuristan, Paktia, Panjsher, Kunar and Parwan provinces in March.
In February, most of the attacks happened in Nangarhar, Faryab and Helmand province and Pajhwok did not receive conflict-related reports from Panjsher, Daikundi, MaidanWardak, Ghor, Nimroz, Nuristan, Parwan, Sar-i-Pul and Badghis provinces.
Most of the attacks took place on March 4 when 12 incidents of violence were reported butthe deadliest day was March 1 when 181 people were killed and wounded.
Half of the total causalities in March were recorded in the first eight days.
Half to the last month's causalities took place in Nangarhar, Kabul and Kandahar provinces and around 100 people were killed and wounded in Helmand, 90 in Laghman, as many in Farah and the reaming in 17 other provinces.
Deadliest Attacks:
Compared to February, there was one percent decrease in the number of attacks in March but causalities surged by 13 percent.
Over 1,400 people were killed and wounded in February's 139 attacks against 1,600 casualties in March's 137 attacks.
Brig. Gen. Mohammad Radmnish, deputy spokesman of the Ministry of Defence (MoD), said security operationswere underway as planned. He said insurgent activities decreased in March after they were defeated on the battlefield.
About the surge in civilian casualties, he said militants carried out suicide attacks in public places due to which casualties had gone up.
He said most of the dead and wounded in the attack on the SardarDaud Khan military hospital in Kabul were civilians.
Fifty people were killed and 31 others wounded in the Daesh-claimed attack on the 400-bed military hospital on March 8.
Rebel attacks in public places are blamed for the increasing casualties when most of casualties in March resulted from ground battles and airstrikes. In March, 375 people were killed and wounded in suicide attacks and blasts.
Military affairs expert ZalmaiWardak regarding the surge in casualties said: "Causalities depend on the nature of attack, when more attackers are involved, one should expect more causalities."
He said Sangin district of southern Helmand province was the scene of fierce clashes between Taliban militants and security forces last month, when a large number of people were killed and wounded in the military hospital attack in Kabul.
He said the surge and decline in violence was linked to the techniques the warring parties applied.
Without going into details, he said: "Unfortunately an international conflict is ongoing in Afghanistan. The warring parties (government and militants) are being used as tools.Whenever the international players want they increase and decrease the fighting."
There were more suicide attacks last month and both the sides used heavy weapons during clashes, he said.
Over 300 people were killed and wounded in nine suicide attacks in March. In February, nearly 100 people were killed and wounded in four suicide attacks.
Wrong assessment of decline in attacks:
Pajhwok report show during the last five months of 2016, on average nearly 70 people were killed and wounded, with one-third of the causalities happening in October last year. Then the attacks and causalities declined in December but again surged in winter months.
Government officials and experts had predicted a decline in violence with the arrival of winter.
Amarkhel said tactics were another name of fighting and those who used new tactics remained in command.
He said in the past fighting would decline in winter but militants had changed their strategy and shifted their focus towards relatively warm areas last winter. But the rebels also did not spare cold areas and continued their attacks, he added.
He said one reason might be that Pakistan forced Taliban leaders to go to their own areas and keep the fight on. The neighboring country wanted to show it was against terrorism and did not allow terrorists to operate its soil, he believed.
Defence Ministry deputy spokesman Brig. Gen. Radmnish said: "The enemies of Afghanistan with the help of outsiders had sworn not to put down their weapons, therefore they continued attacks in winter."
He said Islamabad under pressure from the internationally community only pushed the insurgents into Afghanistan and did not take real action against them.
Fear due to possible surge in violence:
War victims and some countrymen want peace and stability in the country. They fear a violent summer looking at attacks in winter.
JameelGhafoori, a resident of Dehmazang area of Kabul, said there were more attacks this winter, killing civilians including young men and intellectuals.
Ghafoori, who prayed for lasting peace in the country, said Afghan officials should adopt a logical approach towards peace in the country.
He asked the warring parties to renounce violence and stop killing of Afghans.
BahnamBehroz was among those killed in the attack on the 400-bed hospital in Kabul. His brother --- BehzadBehroz --- told Pajhwok Afghan News his brother loved Afghanistan and it people. After completing his studies abroad, he returned to Afghanistan to serve the people.
Struggling with tears, Behzad hoped the ongoing conflict in the country would end and the killing of Afghans would stop.
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If you have a small business, you obviously envision it becoming a big and well established enterprise. As the business grows beyond city, country and continental borders, communication modes need to be upgraded. This is why as you nurture your business you have to think of the best way to cut traveling costs while maintaining a high level of productivity during business meetings.
In conventional business setting, designated employees would ideally travel across the world to make business deals or to attend conferences that would market the business. These business trips entail booking a hotel for accommodation, booking a meeting room, having transport arrangements to various meeting points, setting aside traveling allowances as well as organizing for meals for the traveling persons. We all agree that employees are bound to make fraudulent claims after a trip.
Some people misuse these business trips and turn them into their personal expeditions at the expense of their companies. Other employees turn the trips into a shopping spree. Monitoring the steps of your employees while they are away requires a lot of time and money thus many organizations would not think of spending funds to check on their employees whom they have sent away on business.
The best way to curb problems arising from traveling far to have meetings is to invest in a good online meeting room, with a powerful computer which can transmit multimedia. Have a web-cam, headsets if needed and install necessary software to support communication as the meeting goes on. It is also important to have a standby generator that ensures the meeting is not affected by power blackouts. With technology, you can link to your customers, suppliers and business partners at the comfort of your office.
In the long run, if you compare the money used to set up an online business meeting and that used to send staff to a physical meeting point, you will definitely settle for online meetings.


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Browse our selection of quality Swift Sundance used Motorhomes for sale in Weston-Super-Mare, Bristol. If you can't find what you're looking for please feel free to contact JMT Leisure.
Vehicles are supplied with a new 12 month MOT, Habitation Service as well as a comprehensive 6 Month Warranty.Finance available subject to status.


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This unit was helpful in teaching me what receptive skills were (reading and listening) and how they are taught to an ESL student. As always these modules make sure to take into the ESL student's point of view and how they would hear, read, and interpret English. This module went over on how pre-existing knowledge works in tandem with reading and listening and how those students are able to understand content. I feel as though I learned a bit more in understanding my students.
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On December 10th, I posted this post about becoming Number 2034! It has been a crazy year and I haven't raced as much as I have wanted too, only doing two full marathons this year, but next year I have plans to come back with vengeance and run at least four full marathons! March shall be deemed Marathon Maniac March and I'm excited about the races that I hope to be running in March. More on that in the beginning of the year, when my plan is finalized.
I remember over the weekend in Portland two weeks ago, I was thinking about how I ran CIM the previous year and how I did miss being up there with all the girls like I was last year. Even though that was the hardest marathon I had run to date, it was one of my most memorable ones with Tara. I also thought a lot about how I really wanted to have a great training season and go into March strong next year. I also thought about this crazy girl, who is my maniac sister number 2033!!
Maniac 2033 and Maniac 2034!
I'm excited to take my maniacness back next year and am excited to start running again. I have some housecleaning, some shopping, some relaxing to catch up on, but the most exciting thing I'll be taking on over break is RUNNING and WORKING OUT!


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Wainwright Wins 11th Game
OAKLAND, Calif. (AP) - Adam Wainwright pitched a five-hitter to become the NL's second 11-game winner, Matt Adams had his first two-homer game and the St. Louis Cardinals beat the Oakland Athletics 7-1 Saturday.
Wainwright (11-5) tied Washington's Jordan Zimmerman for most wins in the NL. He struck out eight and walked two in a 112-pitch performance for his fourth complete game this year and 15th of his career.
What appeared a pitcher's duel in the making changed quickly when A's starter Jarrod Parker left in the fourth inning with tightness in his right hamstring on an unusually hot Bay Area afternoon.
Adams hit a three-run homer to highlight a four-run sixth and a solo shot in the eighth.
Josh Reddick's RBI single in the eighth provided the lone A's run on a dominant day by Wainwright.
Daniel Descalso broke a scoreless tie with a sacrifice fly in the fifth, and the Cardinals gave Wainwright plenty of support to take sole possession of the team lead in wins ahead of Lance Lynn's 10.
Wainwright appeared to have no issues this time after objecting to manager Mike Matheny's decision to pull him after 6 2-3 innings in a loss to Texas last Sunday.
After a 1-2-3 first inning on nine pitches, Wainwright was on his way. A's No. 9 hitter Derek Norris singled with two outs in the third for the first hit off Wainwright, who snapped a two-start skid.
Wainwright got through the seventh on seven pitches. The right-hander faced the A's for just the second time in his career after beating Oakland on June 19, 2010, in St. Louis while allowing one earned run in eight innings.
He had a career-high five complete games in 2010, and is now one away from that.
A sold-out Coliseum crowd of 35,067 braved the hot temperatures to watch Wainwright keep the A's batters off balance - they didn't get a three-ball count until Coco Crisp walked in the eighth as the 28th hitter of the game. Wainwright threw 21 of his pitches that inning.
While the first-pitch temperature was an A's season-high 84 degrees, Matheny is loving the lively atmosphere this series.
"It reminds me of the Dominican and Puerto Rico, a lot of drums and excitement," he said.
Parker went down after grabbing his right hamstring and stretching for several minutes with athletic trainer Nick Paparesta before throwing some warmup pitches. Jesse Chavez relieved.
Chavez (1-2), who pitched 5 2-3 scoreless innings of relief for victory in an 18-inning win against the Yankees on June 13, was done after 1 1-3 innings this time. Carlos Beltran doubled starting the sixth, and Allen Craig followed with a single to chase Chavez.
Jerry Blevins surrendered an RBI single to Matt Holliday, then Adams' first-pitch homer that broke open the game.
Holliday faced repeated boos while in left field and at the plate from his former fans. He briefly played for the A's in 2009, all of 93 games.


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An allergy is a condition in which the body reacts adversely (locally or systemically) to a certain substance (allergen). Allergic reactions can be triggered in horses by many things–environmental allergens such as dust, pollen, and mold; insect bites; substances in feeds; things put on or touched by the horse; or injections. Reactions can be localized in the skin and appear as swelling and redness (sometimes itching) at the site of allergic contact, or show up as hives all over the body. More severe reactions might involve additional body systems such as the respiratory and circulatory systems; these conditions can become life-threatening unless reversed.
Sometimes a reaction's cause is fairly obvious–the horse has just received an injection or medication, a new type of bedding was put into his stall, or the owner started using a new fly spray that caused a skin reaction. At other times, it can be hard to pinpoint the triggering factor.
Causes and Types
Some horses are more sensitive to certain drugs, vaccines, pollens, etc., just as humans are.
Vaccination reactions are fairly common in horses. Some of these reactions are allergic and some are merely local irritation (heat and swelling at the injection site) that disappears within a day or two. New vaccines are extensively tested to make sure the vaccine is effective in preventing disease and to make sure horses don't react adversely to the antigen or carrier. Most vaccines are 99% safe, which means there is a small percentage of horses that could have a reaction, explains David Cross, DVM, PhD, clinical assistant professor at the University of Missouri. A horse with an allergic reaction to a vaccine today might have a more severe reaction the next time.
A vaccination reaction might appear as hives all over the body, or could become a serious situation in which the horse has difficulty breathing and goes into shock. If a horse gets hives when he receives a vaccine (and it's one you want to keep in your vaccination program), discuss this with your veterinarian; it might be possible to use a vaccine with a different carrier. If the horse is reacting to a vaccine that contains several products (immunizing against several diseases at once), you might try giving individual vaccines rather than the combination injection, says Cross.
Skin allergies are probably the most common type of allergic conditions in horses, and many of these hypersensitivity problems are caused by insect bites. The fly most commonly responsible is a small gnat (Culicoides), and the resultant irritation from bites is often called sweet itch.
Respiratory allergies are also common, especially in horses subjected to environmental dusts and pollens. Allergic respiratory disease or heaves (also called recurrent airway obstruction) is classified into two main types. One type is caused by dusty/ moldy hay or bedding; the other type is most common in the southeastern U.S., affects horses on summer pasture, and is caused by pollens.
Food allergies have been diagnosed in horses, but they are rare.
Anaphylactic shock is the most severe type of allergic reaction. This can happen with any drug or vaccine to which the horse has become hypersensitive, or with blood transfusions, especially if a horse is given a second or third transfusion from the same donor horse or has been vaccinated with a blood-based vaccine. "When plasma is given to foals there is also potential for reaction; you must watch closely and not administer it too swiftly, looking for signs of increased respiration rate, etc.," explains Cross.
Anaphylactic reactions are usually quite sudden and severe. Blood pressure drops dramatically, and the respiratory system is compromised due to internal swelling, causing the horse to have trouble breathing. He might collapse and die unless the condition is immediately reversed with medications such as epinephrine.
Skin and Blood Diagnostics
Todd C. Holbrook, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, of Oklahoma State University, says diagnosing the cause of an allergic reaction can be difficult. Distribution of skin lesions might give clues during a clinical workup (such as where a horse has rubbed to relieve itching due to fly bites). Seasonality or response to any previous treatment help your vet figure out the cause.
A horse can develop contact dermatitis from his skin becoming sensitive to an ingredient after repeated use–such as ingredients in a certain fly spray or shampoo–or he might break out in a rash or hives after walking through nettles. "Sometimes when a horse has a hypersensitivity problem, it takes a lot of recordkeeping to figure out what might have caused it," says Holbrook. "The owner may try a process of elimination, or stop using certain feeds or products and add them back in, one by one, to see which one caused the reaction."
For a food allergy, diagnosis is typically made by exclusion. The hay is changed to a type that has not been previously fed, and all grains, additives, supplements, and treats are discontinued. Once the skin condition improves, the products are re-introduced one at a time to try and pinpoint the cause.
The veterinarian might take a skin biopsy to rule out other diseases. "Intradermal allergy testing is sometimes done, but is not foolproof, and test results need to be interpreted by the veterinarian in light of the history, clinical signs, and environment," says Holbrook.
For an intradermal skin test, the horse is sedated and a large area of skin is shaved (usually on the neck) so the results can be seen easily. Various antigens are injected into the skin on a grid pattern, with a key representing where each antigen is located. The horse is kept overnight to be monitored, and the veterinarian reads the reaction to see which caused a response.
Holbrook explains that many horses respond to various skin injection allergens. "The veterinarian has to be careful in the interpretation of test results," he says. "Some types of weeds, plants, or insects vary geographically. We are limited, as clinicians, to the commercial antigen products available. This factor is one of the limitations of skin testing.
"But skin testing can be useful in some cases to determine allergen-specific treatment protocols, or to define allergens the horse needs to avoid," he continues. "I've used it with a number of horses. It doesn't always work, but sometimes it does. The skin testing and allergy-specific treatment is often a last resort in a clinical practice."
Hilary A. Jackson, BVMS, DVM, MRCVS, Dipl. ACVD, is a veterinary dermatologist at North Carolina State University who sees a lot of seasonal skin allergies. "In the southern states, we see insect allergies and hives and may do skin tests to determine the cause," she says. "If we suspect a food allergy, however, we don't do the test; food allergens are not reliable in horses. We use the skin test for environmental allergies. Once we have the results, we may formulate an allergy vaccine for that particular horse, and put the horse on allergy shots, similar to what people get."
There are also some serum tests (blood tests) marketed as diagnostic tests for allergic conditions. Holbrook says your veterinarian might try a skin test due to conflicting information in the current literature regarding the validity of serum testing for allergic disease diagnosis in horses.
Christine Rees, DVM, Dipl. ACVD, a veterinary dermatologist at Texas A&M University (TAMU), says most veterinarians do not have the training or qualifications to perform intradermal allergy tests. "This is the reason the tests are performed most commonly by a board-certified veterinary dermatologist," she says.
"The cost to perform the skin test will vary with the region and the number of allergens tested," says Rees. "The cost of a skin test here at TAMU is around $250. This is for the test only and does not include any office call expenses or other diagnostic tests that may be required in working up an allergic horse.
"Some veterinarians perform serum allergy testing (using blood samples), but there is some debate as to whether what goes on in the skin is the same as what goes on in the blood," she says. "The other problem is that the blood test measures what is going on at a certain point in time and is an immediate reaction. With the skin testing, you evaluate the injection sites for multiple time periods. The skin test is read at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, four to six hours, and 24 hours. Some horses have an immediate reaction only, others have a delayed reaction only, and some have both immediate and delayed reactions. The skin test is thought to be more sensitive than a blood test."
Even the skin tests are looked upon with skepticism by some veterinarians. According to Philip J. Johnson, MRCVS, BVSc, MS, Dipl. ACVIM, professor and instructional leader of equine medicine and surgery at the University of Missouri, there is no credible science behind the interpretations of either intradermal or serum tests, since most horses are reactive to a multitude of different stimuli.
The first line of treatment in most allergic conditions is to eliminate the cause or avoid contact with the allergen.
The best treatment for insect sensitivities is prevention. If the horse is hypersensitive to insect bites, diligent use of a fly spray might give relief. The gnats that cause so many reactions usually attack horses at dawn and dusk. The owner might be able to put the horse in a stall with small mesh screening or use a fan in the stall to keep the air moving. This tends to discourage gnats because they are not strong fliers.
"Sometimes antihistamines are used in treatment of seasonal allergies," says Holbrook. "If we can start the horse on antihistamines early in the season, before the reactions (to insects, pollens, etc.) get so bad, this will be more effective than if given after the horse already has a problem. Once the reaction starts, we usually have to use a corticosteroid to reverse it and get it under control. I've had horses of my own with seasonal skin allergies, and you can predict when it will start."
In his experience, horses with seasonal hypersensitivities tend to get worse with age, and it helps to try to prevent problems early in the season.
Typical antihistamines used for humans are usually not very effective for horses, but an antihistamine-type drug called hydroxyzine sometimes works fairly well, according to Richard A. Mansmann, VMD, PhD, director of the equine health program at North Carolina State University.
The two main treatments for any allergy are avoidance and corticosteroids, says Mansmann. "The first goal is figuring out what's causing it and avoiding it," he says. "Usually the veterinarian is called when the horse is at its worst. That's when you need the most medication and might get the most potential side effects from it. If the skin problem is seasonal (as from fly bites) and begins in late April, the owner should start the cortisone treatment the second week in April–before the horse has a problem–and can keep the horse on a low level of dexamethasone all through the season and the problem won't get really bad. I've had horses on 4 mg of dexamethasone every other day, controlling what in earlier years had been significant skin allergies. The same holds true for seasonal respiratory disease like summer pasture heaves. Start on it before it becomes advanced. Then you can use the lower levels of dexamethasone for a longer period of time."
Sudden development of hives is quite common in horses. "I've seen the most dramatic multiple cases at horse shows," says Holbrook. "A number of horses may develop hives in a certain barn, for instance. In that circumstance (where it's more serious, cosmetically, for the owner), I tend to treat the condition more aggressively–with a small dose of steroids to reduce the swellings–so the owner can show the horse. At home, however, I might tell a client to just watch the horse and see if it worsens or goes away. Bathing the horse with a mild shampoo may help if hives were caused by contact with an allergen."
Treatment for heaves (allergic respiratory disease) involves avoiding the allergen, if possible. Horses in stalls should be kept outdoors; pasture (rather than a dusty dry lot) is the best environment for the horse. Many cannot be fed alfalfa hay because it has a higher level of mold dust than grass hay. Any hay fed should be carefully selected (clean and dust-free to begin with) and dampened or soaked in water to eliminate dust particles.
Cross recommends feeding hay on the ground and taking away any dampened hay that is not eaten right away so it does not begin to mold. "When I was in practice in Michigan, I dealt with many cases of heaves," says Cross. "People feeding round bales often had horses with problems, even if the horses were outside, because they are burying their heads in the hay bale to eat."
If the horse can't be on pasture, he might do best on a pelleted feed (no dust); there are some feeds formulated especially for horses with heaves. In severe cases, the veterinarian might use corticosteroids (systemic or inhaled) or other products (such as Ventipulmin) to reduce inflammation and open up the airways. One advantage of using inhaled medication is the rapid response, says Holbrook.
Johnson says the most important factor in heaves is "strict avoidance of the causative inhaled particles, called aeroirritants. If avoidance is impractical or ineffective, then we advocate using drugs."
Cross says that dexamethasone and bronchodilator drugs are helpful. "A mild case will generally respond to dexamethasone to ease the swelling that's constricting the airways," says Cross. "Horses that have a hard time breathing, however, may need bronchodilators such as the Ventipulmin syrup."
Treatment for heaves is only temporary if the horse is kept in a dusty environment or fed dusty hay. "I've had to euthanize horses when it's a long-term problem and they get to the point where they are struggling for breath," says Cross.
Pasture-associated respiratory problems can be hard to manage, although some horses respond when removed from the pasture and given anti-inflammatory drugs.
Treatment for anaphylactic reactions consists of immediate administration of epinephrine (adrenalin) and a steroid such as dexamethasone to try to halt inflammation and swelling and keep the horse from going into shock. Epinephrine stimulates the body in general–causing restriction of blood vessels (raising the blood pressure) and helps open the airways.
Red Herrings
Some conditions might be mistaken for allergic reactions in horses. They include:
Sunburn–Horses with light skin or white areas might sunburn, causing redness, swelling, blistering, and peeling. Some sunscreen products for humans can create problems for horses because they contain para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which in horses can cause a reaction to UV light rays, resulting in dermatitis.
Photosensitization–Inflammation, redness, and painful skin can be caused by horses eating certain pasture plants that contain photodynamic agents. These are absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream and travel to the skin, where they react with the ultraviolet rays of sunlight, creating a much worse condition than simple sunburn.
Chemical changes that take place damage and kill skin cells, causing skin to slough off. In early stages, the inflammation might be mistaken for an allergic reaction, but usually only unpigmented areas of skin are affected (white blaze on the face, white socks, etc.) because dark skin has more protection against UV rays. Horses that develop liver disease might get photosensitization even if they don't eat incriminating plants because the liver is no longer filtering out normal chlorophyll products of plants; these build up in the bloodstream and are then deposited in the skin, where they react with sunlight.
Lungworms–Mansmann says some chronic respiratory problems that are non-responsive to treatment will respond to ivermectin. "It's safe, inexpensive, and may save a tremendous amount of testing," he says. "In my history-taking, I always ask about the deworming program. If the horse has not been dewormed recently with ivermectin, it may help. Lungworms can produce signs that look just like heaves. If you do a tracheal wash, you'll find some allergic cells and might assume it's heaves. Lungworms are more common in donkeys, but even without a history of donkeys on the farm, lungworms sometimes show up."
Procaine penicillin reaction–Procaine penicillin has a reputation as an injectable drug that can cause a reaction. Some horses are allergic to penicillin (just as some people are) and go into anaphylactic shock after an injection. But even more common is a reaction to the procaine carrier if it gets into the bloodstream. "This type of reaction is immediate. Horses usually show signs of excitement and may fall down and thrash," says Todd C. Holbrook, DVM, Dipl. ACVIM, of Oklahoma State University. "Usually this is a temporary situation, and by the time the owner gets on the phone and calls the vet, the horse is better." The horse is not actually allergic to penicillin, and future shots can be safely given to the horse–with no problems–as long as the procaine does not get into an artery.
Injection reactions–The most common vaccine reactions are local irritant reactions, rather than allergic reactions, says Mansmann. If you split the dose and put it in different locations for an intra-muscular injection, this may reduce the resultant swelling. Or you can give half a dose one day and half the next, he says.
Take-Home Message
While many horses have suffered from an occasional allergic reaction, most will recover on their own without further problems. However, horse owners should understand that repeated exposure to the causative agent can increase the horse's risk of having a serious reaction. Keeping the horse comfortable is important; keeping him alive is vital. Discuss any questions about your horse and allergic reactions with your veterinarian.
ALLERGY EVALUATION: Pulmonary Tests
Sarah Gardner, DVM, PhD, of the Department of Clinical Sciences at North Carolina State University, uses a non-invasive pulmonary function test to evaluate hyperreactive lungs in horses. "This equipment allows us to determine if horses have airway hyperreactivity, which can be a sign of recurrent airway obstruction (heaves) or inflammatory airway disease," she says. "The test can aid in diagnosis and also enables us to follow these horses and look at their response to therapy and environmental management to see if they are improving.
"For this testing, the horse is mildly sedated, and we attach a face mask over the nostrils," Gardner explains. "Then we perform the test, based on principles of forced oscillatory mechanics. The horse's airway reactivity is tested at rest, and if it's normal, the horse is given a histamine challenge test to determine if he has airway hyperreactivity." This gives a clue as to how that horse's lungs would react if he came in contact with an allergen in the air.
"If the test shows a horse is abnormal to begin with (heaves), then instead of doing a histamine challenge test (because the horse is already showing signs), we do a bronchodilator challenge. This helps us evaluate the reversibility of the airway obstruction and gives us an indication about how the horse might respond to that bronchodilator therapeutically."
The testing system she uses for evaluating pulmonary function is one of only two in the United States (the other is at Tufts College of Veterinary Medicine in Massachusetts). There is also one in Canada, at the University of Guelph, says Gardner. This type of test might have future potential in evaluating horses during a pre-purchase exam.
"With inflammatory airway disease, horses may only have signs of exercise intolerance and/or cough," she says. "Someone buying a high-level performance horse might want to have a pulmonary function test done on that horse."–Heather Smith Thomas
Hilary A. Jackson, BVMS, DVM, MRCVS, Dipl. ACVD, a veterinary dermatologist at North Carolina State University, says a skin test often is used to pursue the possibility of allergy shots for a horse. "This is a reasonably safe form of treatment and can be continued throughout the horse's life," she says. "The treatment is usually divided into an induction phase and maintenance phase. During the induction phase, you give the horse small amounts of allergen and slowly increase it. Protocols vary, but we do this over a three-month period. Once you reach the full allergen dose, you give the shot every two weeks."
You can give shots just in summer if the horse is only affected during that time of year. In the South, however, winter is so short that horses are generally given the shots year-round, says Jackson. If you skip the shots during winter, the horse might have to go through a gradual induction phase again.
Costs vary, depending on where it's done. "Here at N.C. State, we generally charge $400 for the skin testing–to sedate the horse, do the tests, and keep the horse in overnight," she says. "For the shots, it's about $40 per month."
Allergy shots often are used with show horses to avoid treatment with steroids, which are prohibited under many jurisdictions.
"There is some debate as to how helpful shots are for horses with insect allergies, but in many cases the horse is so severely affected that we'll try it," she says. "My clinical impression is that it does help them, but there have not been any really good studies that have looked at this. The types of allergies most apt to be treated with shots are pollen allergies."
Her advice to a horse owner dealing with a horse's skin problem is to seek a specialist. "There are a number of board certified veterinary dermatologists throughout the U.S.," she says. "I usually direct horse owners to our American College of Veterinary Dermatology Web site (www.acvd.org) with a link showing where dermatologists are located. Not all of them do horse work, but they can probably recommend someone in your area who could help."–Heather Smith Thomas
ALLERGY RESEARCH: Improving Blood Tests
Bruce Hammerberg, DVM, PhD, a professor at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, is an immunologist who is working on developing monoclonal antibodies specific for horse IgE antibodies to make blood tests more accurate. Blood testing for allergies in horses is still in its infancy. "In humans and dogs, measuring a particular type of antibody called IgE can be helpful," says Hammerberg. "IgE is a unique antibody common to all mammals and has a special role in physiology. It is associated with mast cells, which contain histamine and other inflammatory molecules. The mast cells can release these under certain circumstances. One of these circumstances is when they have acquired IgE on their surfaces. That particular antibody is specific for a particular allergen, and may also appear in the bloodstream at some level because of previous exposure.
"The IgE antibody sensitizes the mast cells to degranulate or release inflammatory mediators when they encounter an allergen–a pollen, mold, or whatever," he explains. "The allergy can start this way and be perpetuated by other inflammatory cells. IgE seems to play a very important role in that process if it develops a specificity for certain allergens. The blood may then have these antibodies, though there may be some animals that have very low levels of IgE for a particular allergen they are very sensitive to.
"This may just mean that the antibody does not accumulate in circulation, but rather in certain tissues that are reactive, like lungs, intestinal tract, or skin," Hammerberg continues. "The reaction might be associated with the important mast cells and not be in the bloodstream at high levels. If it's in the blood, this may mean you'd be sensitive to it, but not always. It's a complex system.
"Blood testing is a diagnostic aid to know what level of IgE for particular allergens is in the blood," he says. "It's a clue, but not the final story. Skin testing is the best approximation to try to pinpoint an allergy, but it's not an exact test, either, and it is very laborious. It would be nice to have a more accurate serum test, where all you had to do was take some blood and send it off to a laboratory, and have it more closely aligning with what the skin test results might be. This is what we are working on."
He is working on this with Hilary A. Jackson, BVMS, DVM, MRCVS, Dipl. ACVD, a veterinary dermatologist at North Carolina State University. "She does the skin testing and clinical evaluation and determines if the horse is clinically allergic," says Hammerberg. "Then we try to match that and see whether the assay system reflects the same thing.
"Then if you have a serological test for IgE that you have confidence in–a high level of IgE against a particular allegen in hay, for instance–you can either confirm that with a skin test or act on it to see if removing that allergen will make it better for the animal," he says.
"The test we use is an immunological assay system called an ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) to measure antibody level," says Hammerberg. "We use a plastic surface plate with many little depressions in it. The plastic is polystyrene, which is very sticky for proteins. If we are using a protein from pollen or mold or some other substance we want to test for, we put it in solution on the plate overnight, and it adheres to the plate. We wash off the excess, then put the serum we've collected from the animal into those depressions that are now coated with the allergen. We let that incubate for a while, and if there are specific antibodies that recognize that allergen, they will bind to the protein that's stuck on the plate.
"What we do here is try to make another reagent, specific to recognize just the IgE of all the antibodies that might be seeing these proteins–to bind to the IgE antibodies that will now be binding to the protein stuck on the plate," he explains. "The reagent we have that recognizes the IgE (if it's there) will now be also bound to the plate by this chain of molecules. We've put a marker on this thing that recognizes the IgE. That marker is an enzyme which when given the proper substrate for its enzyme action will turn that substrate a color that we can detect. The intensity of the color tells us how much IgE (bound to the originally stuck protein) is on the plate. That's how we can read the test.
"The key to it is that what you use to see the horse IgE must be specific for that IgE," he says. "It cannot react with other antibodies that might also be recognizing that protein that's stuck to the plate. That's where most commercial blood test processes have problems. They may not be specific for the IgE molecule; they may cross react with other antibodies, which would confuse the test."
If this research is successful, blood testing for allergies will be a little more reliable. With some types of contact dermatitis, it can be hard to know what allergen caused it; a simple blood test to narrow it down could be a lot of help.
"We need more cases to work with," says Hammerberg. "A validated, clinically described case of allergic disease in horses (where there is serum available from that horse to work with) is not as available in the horse as in the dog. Many people have horses with allergies, but actually having a skin test to show what the horse is allergic to is not something that's done as frequently as in dogs. That's why I work with Dr. Jackson here at N.C. State, because this is her field and specialty. We need some help in finding more allergy cases that have been very rigorously worked up and are hoping more people will come forward with their horses to help."
Anyone with a horse that has been dermatologically tested can contact Hammerberg at 919/513-6226; firstname.lastname@example.com. –Heather Smith Thomas
Inflammation: Sign of Allergic Reaction
David Cross, DVM, PhD, clinical assistant professor at the University of Missouri, says one of the main signs of hypersensitivity is acute inflammation. "When an animal is exposed to an allergen, the immune system responds and there are different types of cells that play a role–B cells, mast cells, immunoglobulins like IgE, etc.," he says. "The system becomes sensitized to that particular allergen after exposure."
It's usually the second or third exposure that creates a severe reaction in the horse's body. Once the system has had a chance to react to this, it seems to have a memory and will react even more quickly and severely the next time the antigen is encountered. A second exposure sets off a cascade of events, says Cross.
"Cytokines are released by different cell types that trigger this response," he explains. "Swelling and edema can be external or internal. In a case of heaves, the swelling creates airway constriction. A contact dermatitis may create a local reaction in the skin, whereas an anaphylactic reaction to an injection may put the horse into shock due to organ system collapse.
"The inflammation may appear in different ways," Cross continues. "In a general inflammatory response, there will be a lot of inflammatory mediators released from cells in the body. There are a variety of chemicals involved, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, histamine, and a long list of things that are normal inflammatory mediators. But in an allergic response, there are more of them released and they cause more problems. We don't always know why some horses are affected this way and others are not."–Heather Smith Thomas


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My first attempt at taking one of those new online college courses was even more like my real college experience than I ever imagined. With the class still in the early going I was about a week behind on my assignments, nearly flunking my first quiz and seriously contemplating dropping the class.
So much for the old college try.
But two things made me stick with it (at least up until now, with two more weeks to go) — one a little embarrassing and the other somewhat profound.
First the embarrassing: My Coursera class called "Developing Innovative Ideas for New Companies" comes with a promise: If I can finish the course work and score at least 70 percent on my assignments, I'll receive a statement of accomplishment. I want that statement.
But more important than that, were the classmates I've encountered. Yeah, classmates. I've got a few, like 85,000 by the instructor's count in week two of the course. Let's just say the lecture hall would have been a little crowded in pre-Internet days. No we don't gather together physically, but we are able to socialize, commiserate and help and encourage each other on a series of message boards. And it is from those message boards that I've found both my inspiration to press on and a spirit that points to the powerful potential these new courses have.
The courses are known in the industry as MOOCs — massive (as in 85,000 students), open (as in to anyone) online (as in Web-based), courses (as in college). Almost all of Coursera's classes are free, though the company is working on a track that for a price will provide rigorous verification that the student who signs up for a particular class is actually the person doing all the work.
My fellow students are living in South Africa, Bangladesh, Algeria, the Philippines, Iran, Portugal, Peru, Amsterdam, Madagascar, Greece, Pakistan and on and on. Our teacher, James V. Green of the University of Maryland, told us in the second week that he found 20 countries represented that started with the letter B alone.
Nearly two-thirds of the students were taking their first entrepreneurship class and 45 percent of the students, who skewed on the young side, intended to start a business soon. In other words, the class represented the future and not just any future, but in many cases the future of the developing world.
"I have seen and encountered my fair share of human suffering," Yusuf Abdulrasheed Alimi, a veterinarian from Nigeria, wrote in a thread asking students to introduce themselves. "That is my chief motivation for wanting to start my own business; to empower myself and my community."
The posts are full of dreams and determination, though often thin on details of the poster's fledgling business. (These students might still be learning, but they're smart enough to know you don't give your ideas away.)
When I talked to Andrew Ng, the Stanford computer science associate professor who helped launch the for-profit Coursera not quite a year ago, he said that providing the developing world with potential was one of the most satisfying aspects of the company so far.
"When everyone in the world has access to a great education, it really means we can move forward to a world where there is an equality of opportunity," says Ng, who was inspired to start Coursera in part by an online Stanford Machine Learning course he offered that attracted 100,000 students worldwide who were interested in that branch of artificial intelligence.
That course showed Ng almost immediately the sort of reach online education can have. He was taken by the stories of his many students — from a poor man in India with a passion for machine learning to a single mother in the United States who had a long-standing goal.
"There was a single mother that had been working to go back to school and for whom an online class really gave her her first opportunity to do so," Ng says.
Green, the University of Maryland lecturer who teaches my class, says part of the appeal of teaching a MOOC is that you are faced with a class of students who bring with them a nearly limitless variety of life experiences, including those not found on U.S. campuses.
"I have University of Maryland students that are going to miss class because they have an interview with Google (GOOG)." "In our course," he says of the innovative ideas class, "I had a student who emailed me because he was late with a submission, because the Internet was spotty in a refugee camp in Thailand, I think it was."
The accessibility and flexibility of the online classes appear to be a winning combination. What started as a research project run by Ng and four students is now a massive venture-backed online university offering more than 300 courses from 62 schools and serving about 2.7 million students, according to Coursera. All of which leaves its founders slightly stunned.
"The progress of Coursera, and the MOOC adoption more broadly, has greatly exceeded my wildest expectations," co-founder, Daphne Koller says in an email.
No doubt that is a good thing for those rooting for the big online classroom model. Even better for the rest of us is the fact that because of the idea's early successes, the expectations for the way the world gets educated are being rewritten on a daily basis.
Contact Mike Cassidy at firstname.lastname@example.com or 408-920-5536. Follow him at Twitter.com/mikecassidy.


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| 13.8°C Belfast
Britons are being warned they face more misery as the torrential rain and ferocious gales that have battered the country will continue for several days.
Forecasters have warned that 70mph winds and further downpours that have hit large parts of the already saturated south of England will last into next week.
In flood-hit Chertsey, Surrey a seven-year-old boy, named in reports as Zane Gbangbola, died and 17 people were taken to hospital after falling unwell.
Police refused to be drawn on whether the illness was due to carbon monoxide poisoning but said flooding in the town was "one line of inquiry" being pursued.
The crisis-hit Somerset Levels - where many residents have already been forced from their homes after weeks of heavy rain - remain at the highest risk of continued flooding.
There are nearly 300 low-level flood alerts and almost 200 medium-risk flood warnings in place across Wales and southern and central England, while several hundred homes in Dorset, Surrey and Cornwall were without power.
Precautionary measures were also being taken to protect vital water and electricity plants from flooding to ensure that homes are not left without supplies.
The West Country is now completely cut off by rail and operators have put on replacement bus services and slashed ticket prices for passengers.
Flooding at Athelney and between Taunton and Bridgwater in Somerset means that all mainline routes to the region from London are closed.
The diversionary route via Yeovil is also closed at Crewkerne because of a landslip and is expected to remain shut for up to a week.
This latest blow comes days after a stretch of the rail line connecting Cornwall to the rest of the country fell into the sea at Dawlish in Devon when an 80-metre stretch of the sea wall was destroyed by high tides and stormy seas.
The Met Office was warning that further rain, wind and waves were likely to cause more flood risks this weekend and into next week as river levels continue to rise along the Thames, the Severn and the Dorset Stour.
England has faced the wettest January since 1766, and with the ground already saturated, further rainfall is increasing flood risk across the country, especially in the south.
Successive bands of rain that have been affecting the country all week are expected to ease on Monday before continuing again from Tuesday.
Since before Christmas around 5,000 properties have been affected by flooding across the country, including 40 in Somerset.
Paul Gundersen, Met Office chief meteorologist, said: "We have another Atlantic storm bringing gales and heavy downpours to many parts of the UK this weekend.
"Monday is expected to bring a brief respite from the stormy conditions before more strong winds and rain set in from the west on Tuesday.
"This will bring the continuing risk of flooding and damaging winds bringing down trees to cause disruption to travel and power networks."
Pete Fox, head of strategy and investment at the Environment Agency (EA), said: "The weather continues to be hugely challenging, with further wind and waves threatening the south west coast and even more rain threatening to cause flooding along rivers across the south west, central and southern England.
"We urge people to stay safe and not to walk or drive through flood water which can be dangerous and to take care near coastal paths and promenades for fear of being swept away."
The Ministry of Defence has put 1,600 personnel on six hours notice to help in the south of the country if needed, the Government said.
EA staff have been out in force across England to try to stop more people falling victim to the storms by installing flood defences, repairing damaged coastal defences, deploying sandbags and clearing river blockages.
At Chiswell in Dorset the authorities are being assisted by the armed forces to shore up sea defences that were damaged in last week's storms.
On the Somerset Levels demountable defences that were requisitioned from other parts of the country have been erected to help protect homes in the village of Fordgate and Northmoor.
The pumping operation is continuing day and night, with nearly three million tonnes of water being pumped away every day - the equivalent of three Wembley Stadiums.
The River Thames in the Chertsey area of Surrey burst its banks and homeowners were warned to expect flooding.
In Kent, there was localised flooding in parts of Bridge, near Canterbury. In Yalding - which was badly hit over Christmas - the Little Venice caravan park flooded again.
In East Sussex, the ruined 148-year-old, Grade-I listed West Pier in Brighton survived another night of stormy weather after a large section collapsed into the English Channel on Wednesday.
And an elderly woman has been taken to hospital with serious injuries after a tree fell on to a white Ford Fiesta in Birmingham.
The continued storms come after the Prime Minister pledged to do everything he can to help the flood-stricken communities of the Somerset Levels but warned solutions would take some time.
David Cameron's visit to the region yesterday coincided with a trip by beleaguered EA chairman Lord Smith to the area, where he faced furious residents and calls to quit.
Mr Cameron and Lord Smith's visits - a week after Environment Secretary Owen Paterson was heckled by local residents - came as Royal Marines were helping evacuate some 140 properties in the village of Moorland.
Another night of heavy rain overwhelmed local flood defences and, despite advice from police, a handful of people have chosen to remain in their homes.
Meanwhile, Communities Secretary Eric Pickles chaired another meeting of the Cobra emergency committee tonight and said the Prime Minister would lead tomorrow's meeting.
"We are continuing to make sure every preparation is made before the severe weather expected overnight and into next week," Mr Pickles said.
"Local authorities, the military and the emergency services have continued their sterling work on the ground.
"I want to reassure the public that work continues to protect homes and communities.
"In addition strategic sites such as water and electrical plants are being given special attention to ensure that homes are not left without vital resources.
"This includes distributing extra sandbags and water pumps.
"I want to once again pay tribute to everyone who has rallied to support those who need help and reassure the public that everything possible is being done to protect people's homes and livelihoods."
Mr Pickles took a fresh swipe at Lord Smith and the Environment Agency, declining to be drawn on the calls for the peer to resign and suggesting he should consider apologising to flood victims.
"It's not a sign of weakness," he told the Mail on Sunday.
"A bit of reaching out and humanity and humility is good for everybody, whether a distinguished quangocrat or a member of the Cabinet."
On whether Lord Smith should quit, he told the newspaper: "H e has to make his own decision."
But in an indication of his own position, he added: "I don't see myself becoming the advocate of the 'Save Chris Smith' campaign o r printing 'Save The Environment Agency One' T-shirts.
"It's always good to get feedback from your customers. At least he'll never have to hire a focus group to know what people are thinking," he joked about Lord Smith's hostile reception from locals.
The Local Government Secretary said the agency had "become riddled with political correctness" which had led it to halt vital drainage work such as dredging rivers.
"It worries me that in a politically- correct attempt to be more environmentally sound than the next person, something as basic as this has been forgotten," he said.
" The people on the ground have done a fantastic job, but the agency has lost its way and become riddled with political correctness."
There needed to be more public clarity about where agency money was spent, he suggested.
"The EA hiked up the council tax by around 20% in the West Country last year with little t o show for it.
"It must not be invisible any more. They need a clear leadership and to understand that people matter. People are entitled to feel safe in their homes.
"The EA gets £1.2 billion a year but paid out £395 million on staff last year and just £20 million on improving maintenance of culverts and channels to ensure the free flow of water."


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VileTerror wrote:If not for Keenspace, I almost certainly would not have gone to the Toronto Comic Arts Festival about ten years ago.
VileTerror wrote:So, in a way, it's thanks to Keenspace that I'm married, and it will be Keenspace's fault if my wife and I ever figure out a away to successfully breed.
VileTerror wrote:As to the latter point; can any of those individuals attribute their families' creation to Keenspace itself? Did they meet their prospective partners through Keenspace? Did Keenspace play a part in forging the bond which lead to spawning offspring?
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Defining quality can be a challenge because it means different things to different people. It could mean meeting or exceeding the needs of customers or it could mean products being free from defects. Perhaps it's the excellent customer service you receive from an organization or the efficient processes used to provide a product or service.
This course introduces quality concepts to help you understand what quality means and how it is used every day gathered from a variety of industries. It will help prepare you for the American Society for Quality (ASQ) Certified Quality Improvement Associate certification exam. The course outline follows the Certified Quality Improvement Associate (CQIA) body of knowledge (BoK) and explores the history and evolution of quality, quality tools, working with teams, assessing customer-supplier relationships, and more. This course includes a voucher which is prepaid access to sit for American Society for Quality (ASQ) Certified Quality Improvement Associate certification exam upon eligibility and course completion.
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Four Square Players
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Missing Kylie by Mark Myers
The Truth 365 VideoIf you have not had a child suffer from cancer, you must watch this video to get the real picture of what it is like. It takes only 8 minutes, but it will be the best 8 minutes you will spend in order to understand what is happening to our kids and what we can do about it.
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The Cancer Moonshot: Are Our Kids Stepping on the Moon Too?
Posted on February 8, 2016 by Team Captain
On September 12, 1962 President Kennedy delivered his famous "moonshot" speech. Declaring that as a nation, we would focus vast resources to landing a man on the moon and safely bringing that man back to earth. It was ambitious and … Continue reading →
Posted in Cancer, Childhood Cancer, Pediatric Cancer, Rare Disease, Uncategorized | Tagged biology, Buzz Aldrin, Cancer Moonshot, cell lines, Emperor of all Maladies, genetic mutations, ice President Joe Biden, incidence rates, Jonathan Agin, Max Cure Foundation, metastatic disease, Michael Collins, National Institutes of Health, Neal Armstrong, preclinical data, President Kennedy, President Obama, targeted therapies, treatment efficacy, White House | Leave a comment


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