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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
On-line version ISSN 2078-5135
Print version ISSN 0256-9574
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.98 n.3 Cape Town Mar. 2008
Ethics and surgical training in ancient India a cue for current practice
B SinghI; Swami SaradanandaII
IFCS (SA), MD. Department of Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Durban
IID Litt et Phil. The Ramakrishna Centre of South Africa, Durban
Diseases and ailments have afflicted humanity since antediluvian times. Man's response in treating disease and, on occasion, finding its cause has been synonymous with the evolution of society, no matter how ancient. Therefore, medicine as we know it today is as old as Man, and must have developed with the first awakening of human consciousness, evolving with successive civilisations. It is therefore not surprising that the antiquity and the rich tapestry of ancient India has been long associated with seminal contributions to the development of medicine.1,2
Ancient India's contributions to ethics and surgical training are remarkable - and, almost 3 000 years later, continue to have great relevance today, given current widespread concerns about the erosion of long-held value systems and cherished codes of medical practice.
In this era of enormous technical advances and innovative therapies, the influence and power of crass materialism and rampant commercialisation grows ominously. Sadly, the benefits of advanced technology are far from available to all, and the business of health care becomes increasingly venal. Doctors are better informed about their conditions of service and their career opportunities than the rights and welfare of their patients. It is inevitable, under such circumstances, that deviant practices and tendencies will come to taint ethical medical practice and training.
In the light of this state of affairs, a review of medical ethics and some principles of surgical training from ancient India may be pertinent.
In brief, the history of ancient India extends from the pre-Vedic period (around 6 000 BC), through the Indus and Saraswati civilisations (2 500 - 1 550 BC), the Vedic period (1 700 - 500 BC) and the rise of Jainism and Buddhism (up to 325 BC), to the Mauryan period which extends up to 500 AD.3
The Vedic period
The spirituality and philosophy of ancient India recognised a degree of divinity in all beings, hence the sanctity of all life; it held that all beings should be treated with respect and dignity. This implied non-violent interpersonal relations. Selfless service to fellow beings was seen as a pathway leading to the highest spiritual culmination of life - to God.
Before the advent of writing, healing was a part of the spiritual tradition of the Sanatana Dharma or Vedic religion. The roots of modern medicine are found in the earliest known texts of ancient India, the Vedas, which are at least 5 000 years old.4 The earliest known protagonists of Indian medicine (such as Dhanvantari, Atreya, Kashyapa and Bhela) based their work on these ancient texts about spiritual philosophy and ethics.5
The concept of dharma
Dharma (right behaviour)6 constituted the bedrock of ancient Indian society; dharma required a man to live in society as a civilised being, subordinating his selfish urges to the interest of others. Through inculcation of dharma, a high standard of ethics and a defined code of conduct were achieved. In addition, there was widespread acceptance of non-material values being more virtuous than material pursuits. In more recent times - into the early 20th century - this philosophy was expounded by Swami Vivekananda as: 'Service to man is service to God'.
The Samhita period
The early Vedic period was followed by the Samhita (compendium, treatise) period (about 800 - 700 BC). During this time, Indian civilisation produced very evolved forms of ethics, rational thinking and conscience;7 profound intellectual turmoil ushered in an era of scientific method that transformed magico-religious medicine into rational scientific medicine. The legacy of this transformation is reflected in the samhitas of Susruta and Caraka. These great works of medical literature detailed scientific research, patient examination and experimentation that served as reference works for students and practitioners.8 Thus developed '... one of the best developed medical systems of antiquity'.9
Caraka, the protégé of Atreya, represented the school of physicians. The Charaka samhita provides an elaborate code of conduct, stressing that the medical profession has to be motivated by compassion for living beings;10 thus, he who treats his patients only on humanitarian grounds without desiring any money or personal benefits in return, supersedes all other physicians'.11
Contribution of Susruta
Among medical historians, the historical provenance of Susruta has long been a controversial subject. Susruta's era has variously been placed between 900 BC and 100 AD, a possible reflection on the lack of direct evidence. However, the discovery and review of the Bower Manuscript, which includes references to ancient Indian medicine, places Susruta in the 5th century BC or earlier.12,13 It is mentioned that he taught surgery at the eastern University of Benaras, on the banks of the river Ganges. An accomplished surgeon, philosopher and above all a great teacher, his compilation of the Susruta samhita, a monumental treatise of seminal value, established him as arguably the brightest jewel in the history of surgery in the ancient and medieval period.8
Allen O Whipple commented in 1963 that, 'All in all, Susruta must be considered the greatest surgeon of the medieval period'.14
K K Bhishagratna, the highly respected authority on the life and works of Susruta, wrote: 'To Susruta may be attributed the glory of elevating the art of handling a lancet or forceps to the status of a practical science'.15
Medical ethics in ancient India
The training of doctors, and their code of ethics and practice, in ancient India holds a salutary position in the history of medicine. The high ideals of medical practice and the responsibility of the physician are emphasised in Caraka's poignant statement: 'No other gift is better than the gift of life'.16
Caraka clearly outlined four ethical principles of a doctor: 'Friendship, sympathy towards the sick, interest in cases according to one's capabilities and no attachment with the patient after his recovery'.17 The Caraka samhita emphasises the values central to the nobility of the profession, thus: 'Those who trade their medical skills for personal livelihood can be considered as collecting a pile of dust, leaving aside the heap of real gold'.15 Furthermore, 'He who regards kindness to humanity as his supreme religion and treats his patients accordingly, succeeds best in achieving his aims of life and obtains the greatest pleasures'.17
In the Susruta samhita, the doctors's duty and obligations to the patient are stressed: 'The patient may doubt his relatives, his sons and even his parents but he has full faith in the physician. He [the patient] gives himself up in the doctor's hand and has no misgivings about him. Therefore, it is the physician's duty to look after him as his own son'.18
Prospective medical students were carefully selected according to the criteria of the noble ethos of the profession. Students were expected to study for 6 years before being allowed to practise the art of healing. At the onset of training, a solemn injunction (that preceded the Hippocratic Oath by several centuries) was delivered to the student, who had to: '. renounce lust, anger, greed, ignorance, vanity, selfishness, envy, rudeness, miserliness, falsehood, sloth and all other acts that bring a man to disrepute. At the proper time, you must clip your nails and trim your hair, and put on the saffron robe of the student. You must live the truthful, disciplined life of a student and obey and respect your teacher. At rest, asleep or awake, at meals, at study and in all your acts, at all times you must be guided by my instructions. All actions should be pleasant and beneficial to me, otherwise your knowledge and study will be ineffective and you will never achieve fame.'18
Significantly, the conduct of the teacher was also subject to scrutiny, thus: 'If I [the teacher] act unjustly towards you even when you obey me totally and faithfully carry out my instructions, may I incur sin, and may my knowledge, rendered futile, never be displayed or come to fruition'.19
The current erosion of ethical practices has been of sufficient concern to prompt professional associations, organisations controlling registration, as well as parastatal structures, to set out detailed guidelines on ethical practices and to provide regular continuing medical education in this area. However, the prostitution of principles continues. Endeavours to restore these are often misdirected:
Despite well-intentioned clinical vignettes, teaching is invariably in lecture halls far removed from clinically relevant situations.
Standard textbooks address the subject in a perfunctory manner.
Medical ethics is generally taught by those having acquired subject certification, rather than by definitive role models or credible exemplars.
There are fundamental shortcomings in social attitudes and value systems.
The reality is that, despite concerted efforts by professional bodies and committed teachers and the institution of appropriate legislation, further decline in ethical practice is likely to continue unchecked.
Surgical standards
Notwithstanding all its refinements and advanced techniques, modern surgery could yet benefit from the seminal contributions of ancient Indian society to the human spirit. In the context of the current erosion of value systems, we can draw great inspiration from the code of practice, nobility of profession and ethos of service to humanity that was exhibited by Indian surgeons of old. As a profession, if not as part of wider contemporary society, we have not always kept pace with the lofty traditions and value systems of some older civilisations. While it would be impractical now to totally embrace the value systems of ancient India, among which was that of selfless conduct, the infusion of some aspects of their philosophy into modern teaching and instruction can still be beneficial.
Surgical training in ancient India
Almost 2 000 years before the traditions of the barber surgeon, surgical apprenticeship and residency, clear guidelines existed for the training, evaluation and registration of surgeons. In the Susruta samhita, it is stated that '. practice can be started only after having read and thoroughly studied the science of medicine; having seen and performed the operations himself; having passed the appropriate tests and thence obtained the permission of the governing authority'.20
Being fundamentally a surgical treatise, the Susruta samhita lays more emphasis on practical training. Susruta insisted that the enormous amount of oral training should be balanced by practical efficiency. He thus stated, in colourful and poetic language, that '. he who knows theory only but is not so good in practical work, gets bewildered on being confronted with a patient, in the same way as a coward feels on the battlefield'.21
The successful outcome of an operation follows from the surgeon being familiar with the procedure undertaken. Susruta advised that '. he who wants to be expert in the use of surgical operations . should practice the same experimentally on similar problems' 22 (section 1. 9. 6); and ' ... an intelligent surgeon who does experimental surgery methodically on such articles as stated above does not lose the presence of his mind, while doing the actual operation'.23
The special qualities of the surgeon are emphasised: 'Boldness, swiftness, sharpness of instruments, no sweating or trembling of hands and confidence are the qualities of a surgeon at the time of operation'.24 Anatomy as the basis of surgery was emphasised more than a millennium before the contributions of the like of Galen and Vesalius. Thus: '. the surgeon who knows the structures of all the body cannot be misled into errors of anatomical ignorance.'23 Furthermore, it was held that ' . only he can be considered an expert [surgeon] who is well versed in the practical and descriptive anatomy. Therefore, one should start the procedures [of surgery] after clearing away the doubts by actually seeing [the surgical anatomy concerned] and consulting [the appropriate literature]'.25
Sound academic knowledge and practical experience were considered to be of complementary value and equally important for the surgeon; thus, the surgeon ' ... who is good in practical work because of his boldness, but lacks theoretical knowledge, is not respected in the cultured society; actually he deserves punishment by the government'.26
Knowledge possessed by the doctor had to be thorough; there had to be '... minute consideration of the drug, medical properties ... of viscera, vessels, nerves, joints and bones and cartilage ... of curability, palliativity and incurability of the diseases and of thousands such other problems that baffle even those persons who possess a clear and vast knowledge, not to speak of men with lesser intelligence. Hence it is very necessary for the teacher to explain thoroughly each verse and part thereof and for the students to listen to these attentively.'27
The value of related sciences was stressed, since ' . a person who studies one branch of science cannot arrive at proper conclusions, therefore a physician should try to learn as many sciences as possible'.27 Also ' ... one should listen to the lectures given by specialists of that branch, as it is not possible to include all branches of science in one subject'.21 In addition, ' . in order to broaden your knowledge and outlook, you should study the subject regularly, take part in scientific debates and discussions, observe the allied sciences and take training from specialists of those branches'.21
Surgery was considered as an independent field; Caraka stated, ' . it is not fair for a physician to interfere in the field of a surgeon, hence I am not going into the details of this subject'.26 The recognition of sub-specialties in surgery was prescient: 'Thus experts in the use of caustic or hot cauterization should only handle the cases which fall in their domain'.28
The initiation of a surgical student and his training in the various techniques was emphasised. In a manner analogous to workshops on surgical techniques, students were expected to hone their surgical skills as follows:
'... the art of making specific forms of incisions should be taught by cuts in the body of a pushpaphala [a kind of gourd], watermelon, cucumber . the art of making cuts in an upward or downward direction should be similarly taught. The art of making excisions should be practically demonstrated by making openings in the body of a full water-bag, or in the bladder of a dead animal . the art of scraping should be instructed on a piece of skin on which the hair has been allowed to remain. The art of venesection should be taught on the vein of a dead animal, or with the help of a lotus stem. The art of probing . on worm-eaten wood, or a bamboo . the art of extracting by withdrawing seeds from the kernel of a vimbi or jack fruit, as well as by extracting teeth from the jaws of a dead animal. The act of secreting or evacuating . on the surface of a shalmali plank covered with a coat of bee's wax, and suturing on pieces of cloth, skin or hide. Similarly the art of bandaging or ligaturing should be practically learnt by tying bandages round the specific limbs and members of a full-sized doll of stuffed linen. The art of tying up a karna- sandhi [severed ear lobe] should be practically demonstrated on a soft severed muscle or on flesh, or with the stem of a lotus lily. The art of cauterising, or applying alkaline preparations, should be demonstrated on a piece of soft flesh; and lastly the art of inserting syringes and injecting enemas into the regions of the bladder or into an ulcerated channel, should be taught by asking the pupil to insert a tube into a lateral fissure of a pitcher, full of water, or into the mouth of a gourd.'29
The philosophy behind the training and teaching of surgical skills to surgeons in the era of ancient India resonates with modern trends in surgical education,30,31 and is strongly reminiscent of present-day courses such as basic surgical skills and laparoscopic workshops, thus underscoring the view that innovations are seldom truly original. The accountability of the teacher for unacceptable practices, and of the doctor to 'the government', is analogous to the role of present-day professional controlling bodies; this demonstrates a remarkable vision that deserves great admiration.
1. Udwadia FE. Ancient Indian medicine. In: Man and Medicine - a History. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000: 3. [ Links ]
2. Leonardo RA. Hindu surgery. In: History of Surgery. New York: Froben Press, 1943: 17-18. [ Links ]
3. Basham AL. The Wonder that was India. 3rd ed. London: Picador, 2004: 32-58. [ Links ]
4. Macdonell AA. A History of Sanskrit Literature. New York: D Appleton & Co., 1914: 40 - 218. [ Links ]
5. Prasad PB. Evolution of modern surgery. In: Hai AA, Shrivastava RB, eds. Textbook of Surgery. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill, 2003: 1-10. [ Links ]
6. Prakesh O. Cultural History of India. 1st ed. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers, 2005: 83-87. [ Links ]
7. Davids R. Bhuddhist India. Calcutta: Susil Gupta Publications, 1965: 155. [ Links ]
8. Prakash UBS. Shushruta of ancient India. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1978; 146: 263 -272. [ Links ]
9. Veith I. The surgical achievements of ancient India: Susruta. Surgery 1961; 49: 564-568. [ Links ]
10. Francis CM. Medical ethics in India; ancient and modern. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 1996; 4: 4. [ Links ]
11. Caraka samhita In: Singhal GD, Gaur DS. Surgical Ethics in Ayurveda. Vol. XL English translation based on the original Sanskrit text. Varanasi, India: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 1963: 30. [ Links ]
12. Raju VK. Susruta of ancient India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2003; 51: 119-122. [ Links ]
13. Rana RE, Arora BS. History of plastic surgery in India. J Postgrad Med 2002; 48: 6-78. [ Links ]
14. Whipple AO. The Story of Wound Healing and Wound Repair. Springfield, Ill.: C Thomas, 1963: [ Links ]
15. Bhishagratna KK Introduction in: The Susruta Samhita. Vol 1. English translation based on the original Sanskrit text. Varanasi, India: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 1963: i-xvii. [ Links ]
16. Ibid. p. 31.
17. Susruta samhita. In: Singhal GD, Gaur DS. Surgical Ethics in Ayurveda. Vol. XL, English translation based on the original Sanskrit text. Varanasi, India: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 1963: 33. [ Links ]
18. Bhishagratna KK. Introduction in: The Susruta Samhita. Vol. 1. English translation based on the original Sanskrit text. Varanasi, India: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 1963: 18-19. [ Links ]
19. Ibid. pp. 30-31.
20. Ibid. p. 42.
21. Ibid. p. 85.
22. Ibid. p. 86.
23. Ibid. p. 35.
24. Ibid. p. 40.
25. Ibid. pp. 42-43.
26. Ibid. p. 41.
27. Ibid. p. 44.
28. Bhishagratna KK. The Susruta Samhita. Vol 1. English translation based on the original Sanskrit text. Varanasi, India: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, 1963: 71-72. [ Links ]
29. Hamdorf JM, Hall JC. Acquiring surgical skills. Br J Surg 2000; 87: 28-37. [ Links ]
30. Cox M, Irby DM. Teaching surgical skills - changes in the wing. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2664-2669. [ Links ]


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
For my physics class we were just given an exam that asked the following:
See This Image For Reference http://dev.tinyclark.com/files/problem.png
A 12Kg lawnmower is pushed with a constant force along the 30* handle with 80N. Break the Forces into its vector components. (Assume 0 Friction)
If the lawn mower was pushed with a constant force for 20 minutes, what is the final change in momentum, what is the final change in velocity, what is the final change in kinetic energy, and how far will you have walked?
After 10 minutes, how fast will the wheels be rotating and how many rotations have they made?
How big must μ be if the actual velocity is 5m/s, and how much energy will be lost due to friction?
I broke the Forces into their components: Fx=70N, Fy=40N. For the next part of this problem I used F=ma, and the horizontal force of 70N and found an acceleration of 5.8m/s^2, and this is where I think I went wrong, as after this all of my numbers were insanely large.
Are these just completely unrealistic numbers, and did I do it correctly? Or did I go wrong from the start? Would anyone care to share some insight on the correct answers for this problem?
My Answers
Fx = 70N || Fy = 40N
Momentum = 83,520 || Velocity = 6,960m/s
KE = 290,000,000 || Distance = 4,000,000m
Rotating Speed = 22,165rps || Total Rotations = 6,650,000
Frictional u = 1.16 || Loss of energy = 10N


text:
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Explore Bryggen
As one of the oldest port cities in Northern Europe, Bryggen was a key trading harbor between the 14th and 16th centuries. In the period since then, the city has been damaged by fires on numerous occasions, but has been rebuilt each time, following the same building techniques and using many of the same materials. Because of this, it stands a link to a past long gone, and gives visitors the chance to see a fishing town as it might have been centuries ago.
Today, just over 60 buildings remain of the former townscape, relics of the ancient wooden urban centers that were once commonplace in Northern Europe. Their design and structure provide clues into the lifestyles of the merchants who lived and worked in them, a historical significance which has earned Bryggen a designation as a World Heritage Site.
Take a dog sledding adventure
It's hard to choose who is more likely to have fun while sledding - you or the dogs. Norwegian huskies absolutely love to run, spurred on by generations of breeding and genetic imperative. For these intelligent, gorgeous creatures, all you have to do earn their loyalty is sit in control of the sled and let them do what they do best. Under the tutelage of an expert trainer, you will learn to command your own team, and be able to get out there and put those skills to use. For younger children, or those that aren't yet ready to run their own sled, there are a number of shared options available.
There is no other feeling quite like the connection you'll feel between yourself and the huskies, as you take a symbiotic journey over snowy hills, watching the world go by. It is truly an adventure like any other.
Catch, cook and eat Arctic Crab
Norway is famed for the freshness of its seafood, and there is nothing fresher than an Arctic Crab that you catch, cook and eat yourself. One of the most sought after types of seafood in the world, it has a physical stature that is only outmatched by how delicious it is - the crabs can have a leg span of up to five feet, nine inches, the same height as an adult man.
Get up close and personal with your dinner by taking a crab fishing tour, where an expert guide will show you just how to set traps and pull your catch in. After this exhilarating experience, you get to take the results of your hard work, prepare the crabs just how you enjoy them and have a meal that doesn't compare to anything you could ever get in a grocery store.
See snow-capped mountains by rail
The topography of Norway is varied and beautiful, dominated largely by vast mountain ranges punctuated by valleys and fjords. These peaks are a vital part of not only the geography but also the culture of the country - they form the boundaries of the four major districts, and are some of the most active year-round recreational destinations for both locals and visitors alike.
To take in as many of the spectacular views as possible, travel by rail. With some of the steepest lines in the world, taking the train allows you to take in the panoramas while feeling the excitement of the journey.
Cruise through picturesque fjords
Around and through its mountains run Norway's fjords, the most enduring and picturesque symbols of the country's simple but powerful beauty. Time seems to slow down when you are cruising on them, giving you the chance to unwind and relax deeply.
There are more than 1,000 fjords throughout Norway, all of which run along the coast. While they have the placid appearance and bright color of lakes, they are actually made of saltwater, and are connected to the sea. They are easy to explore whether by yourself or on a guided tour, and often reach deep inland, beset on both sides by majestic cliffs and even sometimes rushing waterfalls. They are a connection to the Norway of the past, but also very much a representation of the country in the present: a humble tranquility presented with effortless grace.
Learn about Viking history
The legacy of vikings has captivated historians and laypeople alike. So infamous were their deeds that even now, their stories are the stuff of legend. Private guided Norway tours are the best place to separate fact from myth and learn more about these people that are so fascinating, even today.
Some things that you may have heard are true - vikings did bury their dead in boats, believing it to be a great honor to return to the sea that they loved so deeply. Others may not be - contrary to popular beliefs, viking hygiene was actually excellent, and they enjoyed frequent dips in natural hot springs. There are even interesting things that didn't make the historical legend, such as the fact that they would sometimes ski as entertainment. There is so much interesting history to learn about the people, their customs and the traditions they left behind.
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Yelp has been quietly testing a Daily Deal offering in Sacramento for the past few weeks, according to a Yelp community manager, Olivia Loy, on their discussion thread (screenshot below).
The offer described is $45 worth of salon services for $20, available for a limited time, where consumers pay in advance. Sound familiar? The message board also references a deal at a restaurant named "Taste of Tuscany".
Why Yelp Could be a Winner
As you know, we're extremely bullish on the publisher opportunity in the Daily Deal space, and Yelp might just be the best positioned of them all. Here's why:
Yelp already has authority. Users have been relying on Yelp to decide their local consumption for years. If this local authority translates to a higher conversion rate per deal, Yelp's users could become more valuable than those of other Daily Deal services.
Yelp already has distribution. At over 33 million monthly visitors, Yelp more than quadruples Groupon's subscriber base. And compete has Yelp.com's traffic at more than twice that of Groupon's. If Yelp focused on driving its visitors to its Daily Deal product, they could very quickly build a huge audience.
Yelp already has a sales force with relationships with thousands of small business advertisers. One of the struggles of the Daily Deal space is scaling operations to multiple cities. Yelp already has a sales force reaching 50+ cities.
Yelp already has a killer mobile app. TechCrunch reports that 27% of Yelp's searches are performed on their iPhone app. The iPhone app is quickly becoming a must in the Daily Deal space as a way to lower the friction of redeeming the offers.
What Yelp's Daily Deal Product Should Look Like.
If Yelp just rolls out a Daily Deal clone, the product won't live up to the promise. Users can't think of Yelp's Daily Deals as advertising. Instead, we recommend Yelp launch a product positioned as more of a reward / perk to the their community:
- Only Business With at Least Four Stars. Yelp doesn't have authority, its community does. So, Yelp needs to highlight deals from businesses that the community likes.
- Exclusive Discounts. The deals should be available to all visitors but Yelp community members and elite Yelpers should get a slightly better discount. Not only will these deals feel exclusive to the Yelp community but it will encourage more people to review businesses. Perhaps elite Yelpers could invite their friends to share their better discount? Perhaps people who have checked in to the business get a larger discount (as a way to encourage more check-ins)?
- Email Distribution. Email is key in the space and for Yelp to sell enough deals, they are going to have aggressively push email alerts.
- Manage redemption from the Yelp mobile app. Reduces friction associated with printing the coupon.
Jim Moran is cofounder of Yipit. This post was written for Yipit's blog, and is republished with permission.
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This list contains some of my favorite natural brands and items in a variety of categories. They are perfect natural choices for yourself or someone you really love (I say "really love" because these products are EXCELLENT) Happy shopping! :)
REN ~ Frankincense Revitalising Night Cream ($55)
A supremely rich and therapeutic night cream with one of my favorite natural ingredients – frankincense! Frankincense is anti-inflammatory and highly effective at healing scars. The scent has also become one of my favorites. Back to REN – I love so many of their products and I'm making it a point to try them all!
By Nieves ~ Face Fix ($32)
This is my latest face scrub. It's super earthy – ingredients include organic white willow, organic neem leaf powder, & organic rose petal powder just to name a few. The consistency is perfect for exfoliating skin effectively, which to me means that it's not too rough, but it definitely feels like you're accomplishing something! I love that it can also double as a mask – just add water, honey, or yogurt.
The Organic Pharmacy ~ Carrot Butter Cleanser ($50)
I adore the look of their website and packaging, not to mention the high quality of all of their amazing products. This cleanser is perfect for the winter with skin softening ingredients like jojoba oil and cocoa butter. It even takes off eye makeup! I've also tried their Flower Petal Deep Cleanser and Exfoliating Mask – it's multi-functional (like the By Nieves), which I love because why buy 2 products if you can buy 1 really great one?
Buddha Nose ~ I Booster Spray ($24)
For the germaphobes in your life (half joking) or just anyone who likes spraying lovely smelling mixtures that are also beneficial to your health. I've mentioned it before here and I'm talking about it again because it's definitely one of my favorite natural products, especially in the winter months. A spray or two of this mixture and it just instantly perks you up internally and externally!
eos ~ lip balm in pomegranate raspberry ($3.29)
Great flavor, great packaging and a great price! This one is 95% organic, 100% natural and 100% effective at keeping lips moisturized. It really takes lip balm up a notch without upping the typical price tag.
California Baby ~ Welcome Baby Tote ($34.99)
One of my fav brands for babies. This is perfect for the new moms in your life. Set includes Calming™ Shampoo & Bodywash, Diaper Rash Cream, Non-Talc Powder, on-Burning & Calming™ Diaper Area Wash Spray, Natural Wool Sea Sponge, and Calendula Cream.
Aubrey Organics ~ City Rhythms Face Scrub ($8.93) & City Rhythms Shave Cream ($7.30)
And last but not least, some natural products for the men.With a fresh and woodsy scent (think cedar, sandalwood & bergamot), this scrub is ideal for smooth skin – it clears pores and loosens ingrown hairs hence preventing razor burn. Combined with Aubrey's shave cream, it's the perfect pairing to keep the guys naturally beautified as well! There are other scent options (North Woods & Spice Island), but Dylan and I both agree this one is the best.
I could go on and on (and maybe I will in another post soon), but here's some natural favorites to get you started!


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Granicrete Wholesale Distributor - Business Opportunity
Quick Business Summary
Our double turnkey success approach for you as our wholesale distributor & for your customers is unmatched. Our proven wholesale distributor model is easy to follow generating strong profits from multiple revenue streams in your exclusive market. Your customers buying Granicrete's easy to use decorative coatings yield great profits too. Read more!
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01 May, 2010
Slow Dancing Into'dThis was my first U2 concert, after 5+ years of devoted fandom. One moment that stands out was Bono's introduction of "Slow Dancing": "Here's a song I've been working on with (or for?) Willie Nelson. We've never played it live, so let's hope I don't fuck it up!"


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The Supreme Court on Monday rejected a challenge to a California law that lets undocumented immigrants pay in-state college tuition.
No surprise there-- the legislature decided the issue a decade ago when it voted to use a high school degree as the "in-state" qualification and not the legal status of the student.
Some 42 individuals, all U.S. citizens who paid out-of-state tuition to attend state-funded colleges, filed the petition seeking review of the 2001 law AB 540 through a conservative immigration law organization.
U.S. & World
They failed to get the required four votes from the nine-member high court to hear the appeal. By declining to hear the case the court lets stand similar laws in 12 states.
Still, it is unlikely that this will be the last challenge to state laws in California regarding students of illegal immigrants.
Next up: the Dream Act.
Last week the state Assembly passed a measure that would provide state grants and financial aid to college students who are in the country illegally.
Students would be eligible for state financial aid programs such as Cal Grants.
The lower house of the California legislature passed the measure, AB 131, by a party line vote of 46-25. The measure now heads toward the California Senate where it is also expected to be approved.
A counterpart to the bill, AB 130, would allow the state's three government-funded college and university systems (UC, CSU and California Community College) to provide their own financial aid to undocumented students.
Former Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger vetoed several previous incarnations of the bill.
Now proponents of the "Dream Act" are confident current Governor Jerry Brown will sign the bill, which he supported during his campaign.
The problem for the governor may be timing.
Mr. Brown is still demanding that current hikes in the sales, income and vehicle license fees be extended another five years.
Anything that makes it appear the government is flush with money simply undercuts his argument.
Legislative leaders wouldn't mind sitting on this measure until after the budget debate fades from memory.


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Many observers are talking about a threat in Social Media: as Mark Schaefer writes on SMT, Twitter would be dying as an information tool, because of the tribes themselves.
Affinity groups, if they have a lot of advantages in real life (solidarity, network effects, business possibilities…), also have a big problem on social web: they tend to only promote themselves.
Mark notifies some negative elements: "auto RT" for instance, propagated by communities of allies, give the feeling of a giant new kind of ad space. Auto RT helps bloggers to appear in a very competitive market; but value added is very low, as it pollutes our attention. It's a kind of necessary thus pervert leverage, because of Google too, which focuses on live search and dismantles the access to relevant archives…
Communities filter new entrants (arent't hashtags anoter discriminative barrage?) and also filter external sources (besides important news as a tsunami or a war…). It reduces to a certain extent the quality and quantity of information.
Natalie Rastoin et Camille François summarized the main issue of this hyper-personalization + hyper-tribalization: what I want to get as a consumer is not what is necessary to access as a citizen.
3 main examples today:
- the very bad coverage of the new Huffington Post in French: communities of journalists + media-related spheres polluted my timeline, without really informing me
- the Mashable article on the new Facebook for iPad has been RT 10 times during the last 5 minutes (I only follow 760+ Twitter users, which is already enormous for a single man…)
- no info on Karachi affair
2 conclusions:
- curation is now a kind of investigative work; it requires a huge amount of time. I'm wondering if I'm not going to leave mainstream tools like Twitter to focus more on "1 to 1″ lunch with relevant people
- because of Twitter becoming mainstream, and linked to its real core business, entertainment, I'm now wondering if I'm not going to dive into more "underground" or hidden netwroks


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Back in grade school, I once got in trouble with my teacher for goofing around during class, and as punishment I was to copy an article out of the encyclopedia. I ended up choosing Saturn for my chore, and have considered it my favorite non-Earth planet ever since. That's why I'm agape at this CS5 rendering of available photographs taken by the Cassini spacecraft, launched by NASA to study our ringed neighbor; the project is called "Outside In" and Vimeo user stephen V2 explains it best in a comment at the link:
What I've done (since this is an art film) is take the photograph… and create a flythrough using many other images Cassini has taken. It's kind of the only way to do it – necessity is the mother of invention here – if you only want to use real photographs.
Note: this was not done using CGI or 3D effects. It really is representative of what it's like to be the Cassini spacecraft.
The song is the lovely, ubiquitous "Adiago for Strings" by Samuel Barber. | via kottke.org


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In his statement to Fox News last week, former U.S. Representative Trey Gowdy (R-S.C.) said that in the much-discussed


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DOE Weatherization Assistance Program Update
A version of this article appears in the Fall 2019 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
September 01, 2019
In an ongoing effort to improve communication with the weatherization community, DOE's Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) will convey new training resources, recently issued Weatherization Program Notices (WPNs) and WAP Memorandums, and other relevant information in this new feature . . . in case you missed it.
To read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an Online Subscription.
Once an order has been placed there is an automatic $10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation.
The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to email@example.com.


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inspiredremodeling necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 118 diseños de 30 diseñadores freelance.
Inspired Remodeling & Tile
I'm a creative, innovative and hard-working 32-year old contractor in Nashville, TN that started out thinking I would do carpentry, but now I'm focusing on all types of remodeling projects and tile work. I don't have any employees yet, so I'm a smaller operation that offers incredible service because I handle everything. Customers love my work because of my integrity, trustworthiness, quality, professionalism, etc. However, I have big ideas about growing my company in the future by adding team members and services. I'm also a fun-loving family guy with three kids (so far).
You can really get a feel for my business from my current blog at http://www.CarpentryGuy.com. This will be transferred to a new site (InspiredRemodeling.com) once I have the logo and site ready to go.
My target audience would be internet-savy homeowners, probably 30-60 years old. Probably career-minded people that don't have time to work on their homes themselves. I'm not targeting the ultra-high-end rich folks in the wealthy neighborhoods, but rather the 'normal' folks who would like to renovate their bathroom or put tile in their kitchen. My typical project would be in the $1500-$5000 range. My target projects would be any kind of tile work as well as light remodeling, like removing a kitchen wall or redoing a bathroom.
The logo should highlight the word "Inspired" with "Remodeling & Tile" not as big.
I'm not your typical contractor. I'm thinking of this as a fresh spin on "This Old House". I love the way they do things, but I'd like to take a little more fun-loving, modern approach to it.
Nothing too feminine or artsy. More classic meets modern. Think Pottery Barn- modern conveniences in a cool old house, etc.
No detailled illustratrations- keep it fairly simple.
I like subway tile or other cool tiles, perhaps that could be incorporated? Definitely not required, though.
I want at least 2-colors, but prefer something that would work well in black and white when needed.
UPDATED: Here are a couple more ideas: 1) What if the logo included some sort of cartoonish illustration of subway tile? OR 2) What if the logo, perhaps the font for "Inspired" had something reminiscent of construction blueprints or CAD drawings?
This is my first design contest, so please ask questions. I will be responsive.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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The roster cuts at cornerback are particularly interesting because there's such a mish-mash of styles, experience levels and upside among the group. Unlike at linebacker, for example, where most of the decision comes down to the last spot, there are three or four different potential combinations of players the Eagles could end up with in Week 1.
Predicting cornerback this year is tough because there are so many unknown factors. Most importantly, we don't know how much Todd Bowles and the rest of the defensive coaches view the position.
Let's start, where else, with the starters. Nnamdi Asomugha and Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie make a formidable pair of corners. I'm optimistic, especially about DRC, now that he's in his normal spot on the outside. Hopefully Juan Castillo will use Asomugha better this year, and he'll show a return to his Pro Bowl form of 2009.
The only question with Nnamdi is his age. I ran a screen for cornerbacks who, since 1990, started at least 14 games in their age 30 season. That's a set that roughly represents Asomugha's health and skill set as of last year. After that season, the 59 cornerbacks I tracked (excluding active players) started an average of 35 more games in the rest of their career -- 11 at age 31, eight and a half at 32, six at 33, and declining further beyond that. Note that such numbers include games started at safety, where many older corners finish their careers.
While we don't yet know how Asomugha will hold up going forward, both in skill and health, this may be a good guide for estimating his longevity: don't count on him being a starting-caliber corner beyond another year or two. That affects how you decide who to cut around him.
After the starters, there are two young players who will definitely make the team: Curtis Marsh and Brandon Boykin. But how far along they have come will greatly impact the final open spots. Ideally, Marsh and Boykin would be the third and fourth cornerbacks, with the former outside and the latter taking over the slot. However, it's not at all clear that they are ready for such responsibility.
That leaves a big question mark next to the name of Joselio Hanson. Going into training camp, Hanson was on the outside looking in. He was cut last year (before being re-signed at a discount) and then the team drafted his replacement in Boykin. Plus, last year the Eagles performed rather miserably in the dime defense -- the formation Hanson was most often involved in.
All that said, it doesn't seem that Boykin has taken hold of the position just yet. Hanson is the only remaining veteran on the depth chart. Can the Eagle afford to ditch him just yet?
If the team stays with only five cornerbacks, Brandon Hughes is the player who could make it instead of Hanson. Hughes is a solid special teams player and has more experience than either Marsh or Boykin, making him a potentially worthwhile addition. On the other hand, his upside isn't as high as either of the other two players, so if he isn't an upgrade on them now, there may not be a spot for him.
Finally, there's Cliff Harris. Before getting injured, the undrafted free agent made headlines in training camp grabbing interceptions left and right. Depending on his return to the field, Harris might be someone you stash on the PUP list as a sixth cornerback instead of risking that he wouldn't make it to the practice squad.
Reading the tea leaves on how Bowles might feel about Hanson, it doesn't seem like the Eagles want to keep the veteran corner around. But I personally haven't seen anything that yet that would make me comfortable with the younger guys getting significant playing time.
The easiest way to project cuts is to be safe, and assume that the team goes heavy on cornerbacks with six players, keeping Hanson and Hughes. Harris will probably make it to the practice squad. That's what I'm leaning toward right now, although tomorrow I may be back on the bandwagon for ditching Hanson. Note that the youngsters could make the decision a lot easier by playing well in the next two preseason games.


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Showers, Shampoo and Spiders, Oh My!
Monday, September 20, 2010
I saw it as I started the water for the shower. It was on the crown molding. Although I didn't know it at the time it was waiting for an opportune time. Its shiny brown body and eight long legs were perfectly still, probably trying to convince me it was no threat.
As the water warmed I watched the spider as I tried to evaluate whether or not I should knock it down and kill it. Should I get the vacuum hose and vacuum it up? Eh, both were too much trouble. I'd be fine, I wouldn't be in the shower long and it hadn't moved since I first saw it several minutes earlier.
I got in the shower and after soaking my hair I turned toward the shower head to wash my face. I put my face under the cascading water but tried to keep one eye open as I rinsed the residual of the night's sleep away. It still hadn't moved. Piece of cake, no problem, I had it made.
As I reached for my shampoo I saw it drop several inches and catch itself on a silken thread. I watched as it climbed back to its place on the molding. Being certain that it would be there for awhile I lathered up my hair and leaned back into the water. As the foamy bubbles were rinsed out of my hair and down onto my body I felt safe as I saw the arachnid still securely in place.
Feeling much more confident I took my pink scrubby off of its resting spot and squeezed on body wash. I began to wash my arms and chest with the scented gel and glanced up to see that the spider was gone. The spider was freaking gone! I don't have a fear of spiders, but that doesn't mean I want a physical relationship with one either.
I looked around the crown molding that surrounds my bathroom. It was not to be found. I looked down into the shower floor, no luck. As I surveyed my surroundings once more the horrifying realization hit me. The little bastard was on me! Then I did something that I still don't understand, I screamed. Tell me how in the hell a scream is going to help in a situation like that? Do spiders even have ears?
I couldn't feel it on me which meant it had to be in my hair. Just like in the movie Arachnophobia I knew it was going to wash down my face as hundreds of other spiders made their way through the shower head and onto my naked, wet body. Ok, now I was freaked.
I thrust my head under the flowing water once more and flicked my hair around with my hands. The eight legged freak fell to the floor. Now it was me against it. It stood there staring before it started toward me. I wasn't going to step on it without shoes and I wasn't going to crush it with a shampoo bottle and get nasty little spider guts all over. The only weapon I had was the hot, running water and the hope that gravity was on my side. It was coming faster when the water moved it off of its steady course. The water had caught it! Its legs were thrashing as it acknowledged its fate. In one last ditch effort to get to me it jumped up only to be swept away and down the drain.
I had come up against an enemy and I had won. I had won with nothing but streaming water and Isaac Newton's theory. Even with my victory I was still creeped out. It could still climb up and out of the drain and come for revenge. I hadn't won; it still had its grip on me. I had to do something to ensure that it lost.
I quickly got out of the shower and grabbed the Drano. I poured a half bottle down the drain and scalded the little shit with my chemical arsenal. Was it rational? No, but it sure felt good.


text:
Dancing three way fan pearl earrings
Our silver pieces are made from 925 sterling silver, which is an alloy made of 92.5% pure Silver and 7.5% Copper. They are plated in Rhodium, which is a rare costly metal that gives it extra shine and durability, and makes it less prone to tarnishing.Gold Plating
Our gold pieces are plated with a thick layer of 18 Karat Gold, ensuring our jewels have the highest polish and quality. We sometimes use 14 Karat Gold plating on larger pieces so that these will be a more subtle shade of gold.How to care for your jewels
Some tips on how to keep your jewellery shiny and (almost) new.Wearing
Avoid showering or bathing with your jewels! Contact with lotions and perfumes is not good for them too. And avoid wearing your jewellery when you work out - sweat can speed up the tarnishing process.Storing
Store your jewellery separately, just so that they don't get scratched. Ideally we recommend that you keep your jewels in our lined jewellery box or a soft pouch. If you live in a humid climate, keeping a small packet of dessicant crystals with them is a good idea.Cleaning
Clean your jewellery with a polishing cloth to wipe away dirt and premature tarnishing. You will find that after just a light polish, the piece will look sparkly and new.
We know it can be tough to order a ring online without trying it on. Best thing to do would be to take a short string or soft measuring tape, wrap it around your finger and measure it. The diameter of rings and corresponding sizes are listed below.
|Inner Diameter
I love necklace layering. How will I know how the necklace falls when I wear it?
We have the chain lengths on all our products (if any are missing, please drop us an email!). Additionally, you can refer to the necklace length guide below - perfect for your necklace layering needs.
Will your bangles and cuffs fit my wrists?
Our cuffs are adjustable, so they will fit most wrists. Bangles are slightly trickier, but we do highlight the diameter measurements of each bangle style in the description.If all else fails…
We'd be happy to facilitate an exchange! Please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we will assist you with it. Note that there will be a £5 handling charge for exchanges.
We ship globally from our studio in London UK. Orders placed before 12pm noon GMT (London time) Monday to Friday will be sent out the same day.
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number, and orders require a signature upon delivery.
Please see costs and delivery times below for various regions. Note orders with engravings will require an additional two working days.
United Kingdom
|Shipping option
|Delivery time
|Standard shipping
|3 working days
|Express shipping
|Next working day
|Express shipping
(delivered before 12pm)
|Next working day before 12pm
|Same day courier
(London Zone 1-2)
|For orders placed before 12pm, package will be delivered on the same day between 3-6pm
For orders placed after 12pm, package will be delivered the next day between 12-6pm.
Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland)
|Shipping option
|Delivery time
|Standard shipping
|4-6 working days
|Express shipping
|2-3 working days
Europe (All other European countries)
|Shipping option
|Delivery time
|Standard shipping
|4-6 working days
|Express shipping
|2-3 working days
United States
|Shipping option
|Delivery time
|Standard shipping
|4-6 working days
|Express shipping
|2-3 working days
Rest of world
|Shipping option
|Delivery time
|Standard shipping
|5-7 working days
|Express shipping
|2-4 working days
Gift Wrapping
We offer gift wrapping at an additional £3 (or the equivalent in your local currency). Just check the gift wrapping box at checkout.Where do you ship to?
We ship to the following countries (listed below in alphabetical order). We are unable to ship to P.O. boxes. Andorra, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jersey, Kuwait, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, Malaysia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, San Marino, Singapore, Slovak, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, U.A.E., Ukraine, United States, Vietnam.Can I track my order?
Absolutely. You will receive an email with a tracking number once your order is shipped. Note that all orders require a signature at delivery.Can I pick my order up from a London address?
If you would like to pick your order up from our studio, please complete your order using "Free standard shipping" and add in the checkout comments that you would like to collect this.
We will email you to arrange for a collection date. Our studio is open Mondays to Fridays, between 9am to 5pm. You can pick it up from our reception desk on Tanner Street, London SE1 3LE. It is about 5 minutes walk from the London Bridge tube station.
For destinations including the UK, EU, US, Australia, HK and Singapore, there are generally no import duties or taxes payable. For other destinations please see the table below for estimated charges.
International customers now have the option to prepay import duties at checkout. If this option is not selected, duties will be collected by carrier upon delivery.
|Country / Region
|Import duties
|Hong Kong
|None for orders below A$1000
15% for orders above A$1000
|None for orders below S$400
7% for orders above S$400
|United Arab Emirates
|Please check local duties
ReturnsCONDITIONS FOR RETURN
Please ensure that your returns are sent back in the condition that you receive them in, with the original packaging. Sahi London will not accept returns of any earrings that have been worn or have had their hygiene tags (applicable for certain earrings) removed. This is for hygienic reasons. Sahi London is not liable for any lost pieces unless faulty. Products must be sent back within 14 days of receipt (UK and International deliveries). Shipping costs are not refunded unless items are faulty.
We sincerely apologise if you have experienced any fault with your Love Sahi jewellery. Please post your faulty item back to us. Please retain the tracking number in case there is any issue. Upon receipt of your faulty item, we will either refund or replace and dispatch as soon as possibleEXCHANGES
We are unable to offer exchanges unless the item you need is a different size (rings only). Please contact our Customer Service team for more details. If you would like to exchange an item you will need to return the original order for a refund, and place a new order. Any returned orders must be sent back within 14 days of receipt (UK and International deliveries). We cannot accept responsibility for any items lost or stolen in transit if they are not sent back via Royal Mail Recorded or Special Delivery. Please note that unidentified returns will be returned to the sender and will not be refunded. Any item returned after the given time period will only be refunded at Love Sahi's discretion.RETURNS FROM OVERSEAS
Sahi London overseas customers can still return their items within 14 days on receipt of product.
To return items from overseas, we would strongly recommend that you use a secure trackable courier service such as FedEx, DHL and UPS to return your items to us*.
Once we've received your return we'll send you an email with an update. Returns are usually processed within seven working day, although this may vary during busy periods. Refunds will be issued to the original account used at purchase. Please note that international customs duties and sales taxes are NOT refunded for shipments outside the EU.
In the rare occasion your item is faulty, please contact customer service to resolve how we can processed with your return by e-mailing. We currently do not offer a return service for customers who have changed their minds.
*Sahi London cannot be held responsible for any items which do not reach us so it is advisable that you use a trackable service.
Refunds will be made within ten working days of receipt of the returned goods. Your bank may take up to five working days to credit your account. Refunds will be credited to the original purchaser's credit card. Please note shipping costs are not refunded unless items are faulty.RETURN ADDRESS
Sussex Transport, Downsview House, 91 Marlborough Road, Lancing Business Park, Lancing, West Sussex, BN15 8S
If you have any questions about your returns, please email us at email@example.com
Returned items must be in their original packaging, in the condition in which they were received, with the hygiene tag (applicable for certain products) intact. Items must be sent back within 14 days of receipt (UK and International deliveries). Love Sahi will not accept returns of any items that have been worn or have had their security tags removed. Shipping costs are not refunded unless items are faulty.
If you have any questions about your returns, please email us at call us firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
In 2002, blogging evangelist Dave Winer made a long bet with New York Times executive Martin Nisenholtz: "In a Google search of five keywords or phrases representing the top five news stories of 2007, weblogs will rank higher than the New York Times' Web site."
Today, Associated Press editors and news directors chose the top 10 news stories of the year, which makes it possible to determine who won the bet.
AP's No. 5: Chinese exports
The Times ranks 20th for the Nov. 30 article China Agrees to Remove Certain Export Subsidies. The weblog BloggingStocks ranks 19th for the Dec. 5 entry Chinese exports take off. Winner: Blogs.
AP's No. 4: oil prices
The Times ranks 15th for the Oct. 17 story Record Price of Oil Raises New Fears. The weblog BloggingStocks ranks 42nd for the Dec. 11 entry Is the Price of Oil 'Artificially' High? Winner: Times.
AP's No. 3: Iraq War
The Times ranks 20th for its special section on the war. The weblog Iraq War Today ranks 17th. Winner: Blogs.
AP's No. 2: mortgage crisis
The Times ranks first for the Sept. 2 story Can the Mortgage Crisis Swallow a Town? The user-generated weblog Digg ranks 19th for Monday's entry Top 5 Reasons Why the Mortgage Crisis = Global Warming, which links to a Dec. 17 blog entry on Solve Climate. Winner: Times.
AP's No. 1: Virginia Tech killings
The Times ranks 30th for an April 18 weblog entry, Updates on Virginia Tech, from The Lede: Notes on the News. The user-generated weblog Newsvine ranks ninth for today's weblog entry, Top News Story: Virginia Tech Killings, which is about AP's top 10 stories of 2007. Winner: Blogs.
So Winer wins the bet 3-2, but his premise of blog triumphalism is challenged by the fact that on all five stories, a major U.S. media outlet ranks above the leading weblog in Google search. Also, the results for the top story of the year reflect poorly on both sides.
In the five years since the bet was made, a clear winner did emerge, but it was neither blogs nor the Times.
Wikipedia, which was only one year old in 2002, ranks higher today on four of the five news stories: 12th for Chinese exports, fifth for oil prices, first for the Iraq war, fourth for the mortgage crisis and first for the Virginia Tech killings.
Winer predicted a news environment "changed so thoroughly that informed people will look to amateurs they trust for the information they want." Nisenholtz expected the professional media to remain the authoritative source for "unbiased, accurate, and coherent" information.
Instead, our most trusted source on the biggest news stories of 2007 is a horde of nameless, faceless amateurs who are not required to prove expertise in the subjects they cover.


text:
The writer of the introduction of the book I'm reading at the moment* seems to be hinting that it progressed naturally from the army's role in suppressing domestic dissent such as supporters of the Tokugawa shogunate. If true, it would have interesting parallels with the Spanish Reconquista and subsequent empire. Another similarity would be a country trying to move from intense regionalism towards some kind of nationalist mission. Quite similar to the US moving from finishing off the Wild West and then moving further west to Hawaii and then the Philippines as well.
*The Sino-Japanese War and the Birth of Japanese Nationalism by Saya Makito, foreword by Mitani Hiroshi


text:
| 4.1°C Belfast
An independent review is to be held into a hospital's paediatric cardiac unit following concern about its treatment of newborn babies and young children who died or suffered complications.
Professor Sir Bruce Keogh, medical director of NHS England, confirmed the inquiry will take place at Bristol Children's Hospital, which is accused of a catalogue of neglect and mistreatment of babies and children with heart problems.
He said Sir Ian Kennedy, a lawyer who specialises in the law and ethics of healthcare, has agreed in principle to oversee the review.
Sir Bruce said in a statement yesterday: "We have today had a very important meeting with the families of children who died at Bristol.
"My deputy medical director Mike Bewick and I have listened with great care to their concerns about the care their children received.
"I would like to thank them for the dignified and powerful way they have talked to us.
"We collectively concluded that the most effective course of action might be to put in place an independent review of the care at the Trust's paediatric cardiac unit.
"It was clear that, in the interests of everyone, such a review would need to be independent of the NHS. It must be led by the families involved. It must be their review.
"I have already taken soundings from Sir Ian Kennedy who has agreed in principle to take such a review forward should the families wish him to do. I will now ask Sir Ian to meet the families and to work with them to see if they can come to the scope and terms of reference that the families want."
Last year it emerged around 10 families were believed to be taking legal action against the t rust, including seven whose children died following treatment at the hospital.
Previously some had spoken out about the ''inept care'' of the young patients and called for a public inquiry into what they considered to be ''chronically low standards''.
Among parents that have complained are Steve and Yolanda Turner, whose son Sean Turner died in March 2012 from a brain haemorrhage after previously suffering a cardiac arrest - six weeks after he underwent vital corrective heart surgery at the hospital.
Just last month at an inquest into his death they gave harrowing accounts o f how they begged doctors and nurses on Ward 32 to help their desperately ill son.
Mr and Mrs Turner, from Warminster, Wiltshire, claim their son's death was not isolated and other children with heart problems have died at the hospital.
They claim ward hygiene was poor, staff were incompetent and that Sean was neglected to the point where he had an avoidable cardiac arrest.
They came forward publicly after being struck by the similarities of Sean's death to an earlier tragedy. Cardiff youngster Luke Jenkins, seven, was expected to make a full recovery after successful corrective surgery at the hospital, but died after suffering a cardiac arrest on a bank holiday within a week of his operation.
His heart stopped for 43 minutes before he was resuscitated, after which he underwent exploratory surgery. He died the following day.
His death in April 2012 was due in part to the duty surgeon having to be urgently called in from home on Good Friday when Luke collapsed, something admitted by hospital bosses.
Junior nursing staff lost vital time because they did not know where resuscitation equipment was kept, it later emerged.
The emergency team was also unfamiliar with the equipment because cardiac arrest was rare in the ward environment, the hospital claimed.
In both cases the children were transferred from the intensive care unit to Ward 32 too rapidly, according to their parents.
Both sets of relatives believe that, but for substandard after-surgery care on the ward, their children would be alive.
Both claim that once on the ward they were increasingly anxious at the reduced level of care they felt their children received.
But they said that in both cases rising concerns were dismissed by ward staff who appeared too busy and too few to care properly for patients.
A spokesman for University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust said it welcomed the review and hoped it would "restore trust and confidence in the service, which has learnt much from the experiences of these families".
The trust's acting chief executive Deborah Lee said: "It is very positive that the families who have raised concerns will be at the heart of shaping this review and our aim now is to work in partnership with them and Sir Ian Kennedy to demonstrate the safety and quality of the service, and to address any residual concerns that the review may highlight.
"For the families who continue to rely on our service, and the staff who work continue committedly to deliver the very best care, it is critical to remind ourselves that this service is delivering good clinical outcomes and, importantly, a positive experience for families - in our most recent survey of parents 98% said they had received excellent, very good or good care.
"It saddens me greatly that we have a group of families that believe we have let them down and we will continue to do our utmost to ensure that no other family experiences care in our services in the way that these families did."


text:
Items where Author / Artist / Editor is "Goodeve, A."
|See full list of headings
Group by: Item Type | No Grouping
Jump to: Article
Number of items: 1.
Emilien, G., Maloteaux, J. M., Penasse, C., Goodeve, A. and Casimir, Colin M. (2000) Haemophilias: advances towards genetic engineering replacement therapy. Clinical and laboratory haematology, 22 (6) . pp. 313-23. ISSN 0141-9854 (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2257.2000.00332.x)


text:
Home » Art-Historic » JOHN CAGE: Shock Vol 1
JOHN CAGE: Shock Vol 1
In October 1962, John Cage and David Tudor went to Japan to present a series of historic concerts. Sensation. These are invaluable recordings, since they aren�t of a selected repertoire reconsidered in tranquility but capture the atmosphere of a time when all this was new and highly radical. And it�s a fine programme, played by the best exponents. Volume 1 contains Toru Takemitsu�s Corona for 2 pianists (David Tudor, Yuji Takahashi), Christian Wolff�s Duo for Pianist and Violinist (David Tudor, Kenji Kobayashi) and John Cage�s Variations II (David Tudor and John Cage) which is � noisy, dramatic, enormous, amplified, distorted and great. Hard to believe it�s a piano. In a nicely packaged double-fold card sleeve, with fine pictures, and notes. Japanese limited edition, expensive, but�
Code: EM1104CD
Price: £18.50


text:
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text:
Anyway, ants. Ants not knowing about humans as analogy for humans not knowing about aliens. Basically all I think about it is that the idea is super old, tons of people have suggested that they would be using frequencies far beyond the range in which we are searching, or they are physically much larger or smaller than us and so their messages pass us by unnoticed, etc. There's also the story cited in this forum post, which says "It's reminiscent of an Arthur C. Clarke story in which astronomers spot some stars that are just jumping around for no reason. They're forced to conclude that there is intelligent life out there--and that it's much, much more advanced than us."
There's also the old line (which
That's all. Old idea, perhaps cleverly stated, but then again, given the response you could give the ants ("what about all those carefully placed traps, evenly spaced, and right by where all your entrances to the kitchen are?") maybe not.