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Table of Contents
Research and general acceptance
Arthritis is the general medical term for the inflammation of a joint or a disorder characterized by suchinflammation. There are a number of different arthritides (the plural form of arthritis), and therefore there is no "arthritis diet" as such that has been proposed as a treatment for all these different joint disorders. Dietary therapies for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the two most commonforms of arthritis, fall into three major categories: mainstream management strategies that focus on weight reduction and well-balanced diets as a way to relieve stress on damaged joints and slow the progression of arthritis; dietary supplements of various types that have been evaluated in clinical trials and have been found to benefit at least some patients; and alternative medical approaches that rely on dietary adjustments (including elimination diets) and/or traditional herbal remedies to treat arthritis.
The reader should be aware of the differences between OA and RA in order to understand both mainstream and alternative approaches to these disorders. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the more common of the two in the general North American population, particularly among middle-aged and older adults. It is estimated to affect about 21 million adults in the United States, and to account for $86 billion in health care costs each year. It is also the single most common condition for which people seek help from complementary and alternative medical (CAM) treatments. The rate of OA increases in older age groups; about 70% of people over 70 are found to have some evidence of OA when they are X-rayed. Only half of these elderly adults, however, are affected severely enough to develop noticeable symptoms. OA is not usually a disease that completely disables people; most patients can manage its symptoms by watching their weight, staying active, avoiding overuse of affected joints, and taking over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers. OA most commonly affects the weight-bearing joints in the hips, knees, and spine, although some people first notice its symptoms in their fingers or neck. It is often unilateral, which means that it affects the joints on only one side of the body. The symptoms of OA vary considerably in severity from one patient to another; some people are only mildly affected by the disorder.
(Illustration by GGS Information Services/Thomson Gale.)
OA, although some studies indicate that African American women have a higher risk of developing OA in the knee joints. Other risk factors for OA include osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency.
The role of diet and nutrition in both OA and RA has been studied since the 1930s, but there is little agreement as of 2007 regarding the details of dietary therapy for these disorders. One clear finding that has emerged from seven decades of research is the importance of weight reduction or maintenance in the treatment of patients with OA, and the need for nutritional balance and healthy eating patterns in the treatment of either form of arthritis. Findings regarding the use of dietary supplements or CAM therapies will be discussed in more detail below.
Various elimination diets (diets that exclude specific foods from the diet) have been proposed since the 1960s as treatments for OA. The best-known of these is the Dong diet, introduced by Dr. Collin Dong in a book published in 1975. This diet is based on traditional Chinese beliefs about the effects of certain foods inincreasing the pain of arthritis. The Dong diet requires the patient to cut out all fruits, red meat, alcohol, dairy products, herbs, and all foods containing additives or preservatives. There is, however, no clinical evidence as of 2007 that this diet is effective.
Another type of elimination diet, still recommended by naturopaths and some vegetarians in the early 2000s, is the so-called nightshade elimination diet, which takes its name from a group of plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. There are over 1700 plants in this category, including various herbs, potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, and eggplant as well as nightshade itself, a poisonous plant also known as belladonna. The nightshade elimination diet began in the 1960s when a researcher in horticulture at Rutgers University noticed that his joint pains increased after eating vegetables belonging to the nightshade family. He eventually published a book recommending the elimination of vegetables and herbs in the nightshade family from the diet. There is again, however, no clinical evidence that people with OA will benefit from avoiding these foods.
WEIGHT REDUCTION. The major dietary recom-mendation approved by mainstream physicians for patients with OA is keeping one's weight at a healthy level. The reason is that OA primarily affects the weight-bearing joints of the body, and even a few pounds of extra weight can increase the pressure on damaged joints when the person moves or uses the joint. It is estimated that that a force of three to six times the weight of the body is exerted across the knee joint when a person walks or runs; thus being only 10 pounds overweight increases the forces on the knee by 30 to 60 pounds with each step. Conversely, even a modest amount of weight reduction lowers the pain level in persons with OA affecting the knee or foot joints. Obesity is a definite risk factor for developing OA; data from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) indicate that obese women are 4 times as likely to develop OA as non-obese women, while for obese men the risk is 5 times as great.
Although some doctors recommend trying a vegetarian or vegan diet as a safe approach to weight loss for patients with OA, most will approve any nutritionally sound calorie-reduction diet that works well for the individual patient
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. Dietary supplements are.
commonly recommended for managing the discomfort of OA and/or slowing the rate of cartilage deterioration:
- Chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate is a compound found naturally in the body that is part of a large protein molecule called a proteoglycan, which imparts elasticity to cartilage. The supplemental form is derived from animal or shark cartilage. Recommended daily dose is 1200 mg.
- Glucosamine. Glucosamine is a form of amino sugar that is thought to support the formation and repair of cartilage. It can be extracted from crab, shrimp, or lobster shells. The recommended daily dose is 1500 mg. Dietary supplements that combine chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine can be obtained over the counter in most pharmacies or health food stores.
- Botanical preparations: Some naturopaths recommend extracts of yucca, devil's claw, hawthorn berries, blueberries, and cherries. These extracts are thought to reduce inflammation in the joints and enhance the formation of cartilage. Powdered ginger has also been used to treat joint pain associated with OA.
- Vitamin therapy. Some doctors recommend increasing one's daily intake of vitamins C, E, A, and B6, which are required to maintain cartilage structure.
CAM DIETARY THERAPIES. Two traditional alternative medical systems have been recommended in the treatment of OA. The first is Ayurveda, the traditional medical system of India. Practitioners of Ayurveda regard OA as caused by an imbalance among the three doshas, or subtle energies, in the human body. This imbalance produces toxic byproducts during digestion, known as ama, which lodges in the joints of the body instead of being eliminated through the colon. To remove these toxins from the joints, the digestive fire, or agni, must be increased. The Ayurvedic practitioner typically recommends adding such spices as turmeric, cayenne pepper, and ginger to food, and undergoing a three-to five-day detoxification diet followed by a cleansing enema to purify the body.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treats OA with various compounds containing ephedra, cinnamon, aconite, and coix. A combination herbal medicine that has been used for at least 1200 years in TCM is known as Du Huo Ji Sheng Wan, or Joint Strength. Most Westerners who try TCM for relief of OA, however, seem to find acupuncture more helpful as an alternative therapy than Chinese herbal medicines.
Rheumatoid arthritis
DIETARY ALTERATIONS. There is some indication that patients with RA benefit from cutting back on meat consumption or switching entirely to a vegetarian or vegan diet. One follow-up study of RA patients on a vegetarian diet showed that improvement continued after one and two years on the diet.
Another dietary adjustment that appears to benefit some people with RA is switching from cooking oils that are high in omega-6 fatty acids (which increase inflammation) to oils that are high in omega-3 fatty acids (which reduce inflammation. This second group includes olive oil, canola oil, and flaxseed oil.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. The most common dietary supplements recommended for patients with RA are as follows:
- Fish oil. The oils from cold-water fish have been reported to reduce inflammation and relieve joint pain in some patients with RA. The recommended daily dose is 1 to 2 teaspoons.
- Plant oils that are high in gamma-linoleic acid (GLA), which reduces inflammation in the joints. These plant oils include evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black current oil. The recommended daily dose is 200 to 300 mg.
- Green tea. Drinking 3 to 4 cups of green tea per day is thought to benefit RA patients by reducing inflammation in the joints.
CAM DIETARY THERAPIES. Ayurvedic medicine recommends a compound of ginger, turmeric, boswellia, and ashwaganda to relieve the pain and fever associated with RA.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) uses such plants as hare's ear (Bupleurum falcatum) and thunder god vine (Tripterygium wilfordii) to reduce fever and joint pain in patients with RA.
The function of dietary treatment for OA is to lower (or maintain) the patient's weight to a healthy level in order to minimize stress on damaged weight-bearing joints; to maintain the structure and composition of the cartilage in the joints; to protect the general health of tissues by including bioflavonoids and antioxidants in the diet; and by conducting food challenges when appropriate to determine whether specific foods are affecting the patient's symptoms.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Dietary treatment of RA is primarily adjunctive, as the disease cannot be managed by nutritional changes alone. Patients with RA must take a combination of medications, usually a combination of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), to control pain, inflammation, and slow the progression of the disease. A well-balanced and healthful diet, however, can help to offset the emotional depression that often accompanies RA and to enable patients to maintain a normal schedule of activities. It also helps to prevent nutritional deficiencies in these patients that may be caused by the use of prescription drugs to control the disease.
The benefits of weight reduction in overweight patients with OA are a noticeable reduction in discomfort and improved range of motion in the affected joints. The benefits of dietary supplements vary from patient to patient depending on the specific joints affected and the degree of erosion of the joint cartilage.
Rheumatoid arthritis
The benefits of dietary adjustments or dietary supplements for RA vary considerably from patient to patient. Maintenance of a balanced diet, however, is valuable in preventing the nutritional deficiencies that sometimes occur in patients with RA as side effects of high dosages of DMARDs and NSAIDs.
Some general precautions for all persons with arthritis:
- Before beginning any form of dietary treatment for joint pain, consult a physician to obtain an accurate diagnosis of the type of arthritis that is causing the pain. When RA is suspected, it is vital to get systemic treatment as soon as possible to minimize long-term damage to health.
- Consult a physician before taking any dietary supplements, as certain OTCs and prescription medications can interact with these compounds. Chondroitin sulfate, for example, may increase bleeding time in some people, particularly if it is taken together with aspirin.
- Purchase dietary supplements only from well-established companies that can be held accountable for the quality of their products.
- Do not stop taking any medications currently prescribed by a doctor without consulting him or her.
- If maintaining a primarily vegetarian diet, be aware of the potential for iron deficiency.
People with either form of arthritis who are more than 30 pounds overweight; are pregnant, nursing, or under the age of 18; or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, kidney disorders, or liver disorders should consult a physician before attempting a weight-reduction program.
People with diabetes should monitor blood sugar levels more frequently if they are taking glucosamine, because it is an amino sugar. Similarly, persons who are taking blood thinners should have their blood clotting time checked periodically if they are taking chondroitin sulfate. ASU has not been reported tocause drug interactions as of 2007.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Plant oils containing GLA have been reported to cause intestinal gas, bloating, diarrhea, and nausea in some persons. In addition, these oils may interact with other prescription medications, particularly blood thinners. Some borage seed oil preparations contain ingredients known pyrrolizidine alkaloids, or PAs, that can harm the liver or worsen liver disease. Only forms of borage oil that are certified to be PA-free should be used. Last, evening primrose oil may interact with a group of tranquilizers used in the treatment of schizophrenia known as phenothiazines. This group of drugs includes chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine.
Fish oil may affect the rate of blood clotting and cause nausea or a fishy odor to the breath in some persons. Some fish oil supplements may also contain overly high levels of vitamin A or mercury. In addition, patients who take fish oil supplements must usually take them for several months before they experienceany benefits.
Most dietary supplements for OA appear to be safe when purchased from reputable manufacturers and used as directed. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have been reported to cause intestinal gas or mild diarrhea in some people. ASU causes nausea and skin rashes in some people.
Cost may be a consideration for some people, as these supplements cost between $1.50 and $3 per day, and are not usually covered by health insurance.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Chinese thunder god vine is reported to weaken bone structure and increase the risk of osteoporosis in patients with RA. Fish oils with high levels of vitamin A have been reported to cause vitamin A toxicity in some people.
No mainstream clinical studies have found that patients with OA benefit from elimination diets. With regard to dietary supplements, findings are mixed. A major 4-year study of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplements, the Glucosamine/chrondoitin
Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT), reported in 2006 that these supplements appear to be more beneficial to a small subgroup of patients with severe pain from OA than to a larger group with only mild to moderate levels of discomfort. There is better evidence that ASU is beneficial, but only limited evidence for the usefulness of Du Huo Ji Sheng Wan. Some clinical studies carried out in India report that an Ayurvedic compound that combines ginger, turmeric, and zinc reduced pain in patients with OA of the knees even when other aspects of Ayurvedic practice were not followed.
Rheumatoid arthritis
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) has noted in a recent review of alternative treatments of RA that few high-quality studies of these treatments have been published as of 2006. Several studies indicate that vegetarian or vegan diets and the Mediterranean diet do in fact benefit patients with RA. Fish oil has been reported to reduce the risk of heart attacks in patients with RA as well as reduce joint pain and inflammation. Green tea has been tested on mice with RA but has not yet been tested on human subjects. A study conducted at the University of Arizona reported in 2006 that turmeric by itself inhibits the destruction of joint tissue in rats with RA as well as reducing joint inflammation; but as with green tea, turmeric supplements have not yet been used in clinical trials with human subjects with RA.
Childers, Norman Franklin. A Diet to Stop Arthritis: The Nightshades and Ill Health, 2nd ed. New Brunswick, NJ: Somerset Press, 1981.
Dong, Collin H., MD, and Jane Banks. New Hope for the Arthritic New York: Crowell, 1975.
Kandel, Joseph, and David B. Sudderth. The Anti-Arthritis Diet: Increase Mobility and Reduce Pain with This 28-Day Life-Changing Program Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998. In spite of its title, this book focuses primarily on weight reduction in general as an important aspect of managing OA.
Murray, Michael, ND, and Joseph Pizzorno, ND. Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine, 2nd ed. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1998. Includes a list of dietary supplements recommended by naturopaths to treat arthritis.
Pelletier, Kenneth R., MD. The Best Alternative Medicine, Part II, "CAM Therapies for Specific Conditions: Arthritis." New York: Fireside Books, 2002. A useful summary of the various dietary therapies that have been tried in the management of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Theodosakis, Jason, MD, and Sheila Buff. The Arthritis Cure, rev. ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2004.
Adderly, Brenda, and Lissa DeAngelis. The Arthritis Cure Cookbook. Washington, DC: LifeLine Press, 1998.
Flynn, John A., MD, and Lora Brown Wilder. Recipes for Arthritis Health New York: Rebus, 2003.
Haupt, Prentiss Carl, and James McKoy. The Executive Chef's Arthritis Cookbook and Health Guide. Pukalani, HI: Arthritis Cookbook Corporation, 2001.
Ameye, L. G., and W. S. Chee. "Osteoarthritis and Nutrition. From Nutraceuticals to Functional Foods: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Evidence." Arthritis Research and Therapy 8 (2006): R127.
Berkow, S. E., and N. Barnard. "Vegetarian Diets and Weight Status." Nutrition Reviews 64 (April 2006): 175–188.
Chopra, A., P. Lavin, B. Patwardhan, and D. Chitre. "A 32-Week Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Evaluation of RA-11, an Ayurvedic Drug, on Osteoarthritis of the Knees." Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 10 (October 2004): 236–245.
Clark, K. L. "Nutritional Considerations in Joint Health." Clinics in Sports Medicine 26 (January 2007): 101–118.
Clegg, D. O., D. J. Reda, C. L. Harris, et al. "Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfate, and the Two in Combination for Painful Knee Osteoarthritis." New England Journal of Medicine 354 (February 23, 2006): 795–808.
Cleland, L. G., G. E. Caughey, M. J. James, and S. M. Proudman. "Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Longterm Fish Oil Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 33 (October 2006): 1973–1979.
Funk, J. L., J. B. Frye, J. N. Oyarzo, et al. "Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Turmeric Supplements in the Treatment of Experimental Arthritis." Arthritis and Rheumatism 54 (November 2006): 3452–3464.
Lee, S., K. M. Gura, S. Kim, et al. "Current Clinical Applications of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 21 (August 2006): 323–341.
Morelli, Vincent, MD, Christopher Naquin, MD, and Victor Weaver, MD. "Alternative Therapies for Traditional Disease States: Osteoarthritis." American Family Physician 67 (January 15, 2003): 339–344.
Rindfleisch, J. Adam, MD, and Daniel Muller, MD, PhD. "Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis." American Family Physician 72 (September 15, 2005): 1037–1047.
American College of Rheumatology Fact Sheet. Herbal and Natural Remedies. Atlanta, GA: ACR, 2005. Available online at http://www.rheumatology.org/public/factsheets/herbal.asp (accessed March 20, 2007).
Arthritis Research Campaign (ARC). Diet and Arthritis: An Information Booklet. ARC, 2006. A helpful 38-page summary of diet in the management of arthritis. Available online in PDF format at http://www.arc.org.uk/about_arth/booklets/6010/6010.html.
Bartlett, Susan, PhD. Osteoarthritis: Weight Management. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center, 2007. Available online at http://www.hopkins-arthritis.org/arthritis-info/osteoarthritis/weight-management.html (accessed March 18, 2007).
Klaper, Michael, MD. Nutritional Strategies for Inflamed Joints and Other Conditions. Manhattan Beach, CA: Institute of Nutrition Education and Research, 2005. Recommends the nightshade elimination diet. Dr. Klaper is a vegan who conducts research on the health benefits of veganism. Available online at http://www.vegsource.com/klaper/nutrition.htm.
Koch, Cheryl, CSND. Nutrition and Rheumatoid Arthritis Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center, 2007. Available online at http://www.hopkins-arthritis.org/mngmnt/nutinra.html (accessed March 18, 2007).
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). Research Report: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Bethesda, MD: NCCAM, 2006. Available online at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/RA/ndash5.
American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (AANP). 4435 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 403, Washington, DC 20016. Telephone: (866) 538-2267 or (202) 237-8150. Website: http://www.naturopathic.org.
American College of Rheumatology (ACR). 1800 Century Place, Suite 250, Atlanta, GA 30345-4300. Telephone:(404) 633-3777. Website: http://www.rheumatology.org.
American Vegan Society (AVS). 56 Dinshah Lane, P. O. Box 369, Malaga, NJ 08328. Telephone: (856) 694-2887. Website: http://www.americanvegan.org/index.htm.
Arthritis Foundation. P.O. Box 7669, Atlanta, GA 30357-0669. Telephone: (404) 872-7100 or (800) 568-4045. Website: http://www.arthritis.org.
Arthritis Research Campaign (ARC). Copeman House, St. Mary's Court, St. Mary's Gate, Chesterfield, Derbyshire S41 7TD United Kingdom. Telephone: +44 (0) 1246 558007. Website: http://www.arc.org.uk.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. Telephone: (888) 644-6226. Website: http://nccam.nih.gov.
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) Information Clearinghouse. National Institutes of Health, 1 AMS Circle, Bethesda, MD 20892-3675. Telephone: (877) 22-NIAMS or (301) 495-4484. Website: http://www.niams.nih.gov.
National Institute of Ayurvedic Medicine (NIAM). 584 Milltown Road, Brewster, NY 10509. Telephone: (845) 278-8700. Website: http://niam.com
Rebecca J. Frey, Ph.D.


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(CNNMoney) — The job market ended 2012 with more growth, as moderate hiring continued at the end of the year.
The economy added 155,000 jobs in December, bringing the total number of jobs added in 2012 to 1.84 million, the Labor Department said Friday. The unemployment rate held steady at 7.8%.
Economists surveyed by Briefing.com expected the report to show that 150,000 jobs were created last month and the unemployment rate remained unchanged.
Friday's report reflected revisions the Labor Department made for 2012, which included raising the November unemployment rate to 7.8%, up from the original 7.7%.
The private sector continued to drive the growth, adding 168,000 jobs, while government employers shed 13,000 positions. Employment increased in health care, food services and drinking places and manufacturing. Construction jobs were also up, likely as a result of rebuilding efforts after Hurricane Sandy.
Friday's report appeared a day after a separate survey by payroll processor ADP showed private employers boosted their hiring last month, adding 215,000 jobs.
But December's overall figures were only slightly better than 2012's average growth of 153,000 per month, which mirrored the 2011 pace. That's not enough to make a significant dent in the unemployment rate, economists said.
"The overall picture is that the labor market remains lackluster," said Paul Ashworth, chief U.S. economist with Capital Economics.
There remains a deep hole left by the financial crisis and millions are still out of work. The number of long-term unemployed stayed essentially unchanged at 4.8 million, or 39.1% of the jobless.
One bright spot in the report, economists said, was that average hourly earnings rose 2.1 percent in 2012.

subset: commoncrawl


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Laser System on GRACE Follow-On to Measure Earth's Gravity as Never Before
The planned GRACE Follow-On mission, scheduled to launch as early as 2017, will demonstrate an advanced laser instrument that could improve the accuracy of inter-spacecraft ranging by tenfold or more and lead to enhanced gravity measurements. The instrument was developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Ball Aerospace with funding from the Instrument Incubator Program.
As the existing GRACE satellites orbit Earth, they encounter subtle changes, or unevenness, in gravitational pull. These gravitational variations produce slight movements in the spacecraft orbits that can be detected by careful range measurements between the satellites. GRACE uses a microwave ranging instrument, referenced to a stable quartz clock and coupled with precise GPS tracking, to measure these minute changes down to a few microns over the approximately 220 km distance separating the satellites.
GRACE Follow-On will utilize the same overall technique – carefully measuring orbit variations between twin spacecraft – but the laser approach will be much more accurate. The advantage is due largely to the shorter wavelength of the laser, compared to the microwave wavelength, referenced to a thermally isolated optical cavity, which is more stable than the quartz clock.
The laser demonstration on GRACE Follow-On will be a partnership between NASA, which will provide the laser, cavity assembly, and ranging processor, and the German Space Program, which will provide the measurement optics and steering mirror assembly along with instrument integration and testing.
For more information on emerging technologies for Earth science, visit the NASA Earth Science Technology Office website.
Top : Artist's depiction of GRACE Follow-On.
Far Right: The prototype laser cavity, made using glass with a low coefficient of thermal expansion in order to maintain a constant distance between end mirrors.
Right: The prototype assembly and thermal enclosure for the cavity.


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Information on the Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): As of Saturday, 14 March 2020 all buildings of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin will be closed to the public until further notice. This measure is intended to minimise the spread of the coronavirus. We appreciate your understanding. Read more
The Museum Island located in the heart of Berlin was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999. The unique ensemble unites five outstanding museum buildings of the 19th and the beginning 20th century. The tour provides an insight into the history of the Museumsinsel and its architecture and leads through highlights of the Altes Museum (Old Museum), the Neues Museum (New Museum) and the Pergamonmuseum.
Highlights: Antique statues "Praying Boy" and "Berlin Goddess" in Altes Museum, Bust of Nefertiti and "Berlin Gold Hat" in Neues Museum, Ishtar Gate and Processional Way from Babylon in Pergamonmuseum.
The number of participants is limited. Booking exclusively online. Remaining tickets at the Altes Museum cash point.
Meeting point: Altes Museum cash point.


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Chulucanas Ceramic Cactus (Set of 3)
Origin: Chulucanas, Perú
Exquisitely crafted and uniquely designed, this artisanal cactus originates from Chulucanas, a city in Northern Peru. Due to it's fine tones, burnishing methods, and flawless sculpting, Chulucanan pottery is widely considered to be the finest in Peru. The city also boasts ancient, pre-Hispanic roots in both the Vicus and Tallán cultures, which can trace their ancestry as far back as 500 A.D. Today, Peruvian artisans still employ ancient ceramic techniques in a nod to their prestigious cultural history. Specifically, the "negative" decoration technique, once a hallmark of the Vicus culture, is obtained by cutting off oxygen flow to the oven. The "palateado" technique, achieved by a rhythmic beating with a wooden paddle and rounded stone in order to shape and control the thickness of the clay, is unique to Tallán culture. Both techniques serve a decorative purpose, rather than a utilitarian one, as local artisans continually seek ways to preserve their history.
- Handmade by Master Artisan Luis H. Sandoval.
- Measurements: 5" x 5"


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Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
195 Little Albany Street
New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681
Lifestyle changes cannot cure cirrhosis, but they can help to delay or stop progression of the disease, reduce the severity of symptoms, and help prevent complications.
General Guidelines for Managing Cirrhosis
The majority of cirrhosis cases in North America are related to alcohol use disorder. Abstaining from alcohol helps to stop liver damage. If you have problems controlling alcohol use, talk to your doctor.
An appropriate diet can help your liver tissues regenerate and can reduce the severity of symptoms in more advanced disease. To reduce the chances of infection, you may be advised to avoid raw seafood and dishes that contain raw seafood, such as sushi. Raw fish can be contaminated with hepatitis A, as well as other viruses, bacteria, and parasites, which could further stress liver function. Raw oysters can be especially dangerous.
In the early stages of recovery, you may be advised to eat more calories and protein than you are used to. Adequate amounts of amino acids from proteins and other nutrients are necessary to regenerate liver tissue.
You may also be advised to take a vitamin and mineral supplement. This can help correct deficiencies that may have developed from cirrhosis itself or from changes in your normal eating pattern that resulted from your disease.
Supplements and supplemental nutritional beverages also may help support tissue growth and repair, but don't take any without your doctor's knowledge and approval.
Certain vitamins and minerals may be problematic. Avoid taking excessive amounts of vitamins A and D, and try to avoid foods that have been supplemented with iron.
In some cases, a salt-restricted diet may be necessary. Salt contributes to fluid retention. Restricting salt can help alleviate fluid-related swelling in the abdomen and legs.
If your disease is advanced, you may be placed on a protein-restricted diet. Decreasing the amount of protein you eat helps reduce the production of nitrogen-containing wastes, like ammonia. In a severely damaged liver, detoxification of ammonia is impaired, which can lead to high blood levels of ammonia. These, in turn, can produce mental changes, known as encephalopathy, which eventually may lead to coma and death.
Get Your Doctor's Approval for All Medications
Do not take any medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal remedies, without your doctor's approval.
The liver is responsible for metabolizing medication. When your liver is damaged because of cirrhosis, drug metabolism may be altered. Dangerously high levels of medications can remain in your blood and interfere with drugs you may be taking to treat cirrhosis. Always get your doctor's approval before taking any medication. Even drugs that seem relatively harmless, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) can be dangerous in some circumstances. The same is true of all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprfen and naproxen.
Get Vaccines for Flu, Pneumonia, and Hepatitis
You should be vaccinated against the flu, pneumonia, and hepatitis. Vaccinations will help to reduce your likelihood of becoming infected and help reduce the severity of disease if you do become infected.
Put Your Feet Up to Reduce Swelling
Gravity helps to pull fluid down into your feet and legs. Sit down, relax, and put up your feet. This will help reduce the swelling and relieve some of the pain in swollen legs and feet.
Cirrhosis. American Liver Foundation website. Available at: http://www.liverfoundation.org/abouttheliver/info/cirrhosis. Updated December 6, 2016. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Cirrhosis. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/cirrhosis. Updated April 2014. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Cirrhosis of the liver. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at:http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114078/Cirrhosis-of-the-liver. Updated January 12, 2017. Accessed March 28, 2017.
Daniels NA. Vibrio vulnificus oysters: pearls and perils. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(6):788-792.
Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Lifestyle modification as the primary treatment of NASH. Clin Liver Dis. 2009;13(4):649-665.
Last reviewed March 2017 by Daus Mahnke, MD Last Updated: 3/28/2017


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Javier Muñoz has been understudying the role of Alexander Hamilton since the show premiered off-Broadway at the Public Theater back in February 2015, alternating performances on Broadway at least once a week.
But on July 11, he'll take over the role full time, after creator and star Lin-Manuel Miranda's final performance in the Tony-winning production on July 9.
The 40-year-old actor has long worked with Miranda, understudying his role in 2008's "In the Heights" and eventually taking over the part when Miranda left that show as well.
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"I probably wouldn't be in this business still without Lin-Manuel Miranda," Muñoz said. "He created the opportunities for me as a Latino actor to have the career that I have. They didn't exist without him and before him. It's a bonding glue to always lift him up and embrace each other and support each other in that process."
In a meeting with press Thursday, as reported by Playbill, Miranda praised Muñoz's performance as Hamilton, saying, "When Javi does the show, you really see the show in all of its colors."
"I can't overstress it — we created the role together," Miranda continued. "In the rehearsal room, as I was writing, he would tag in, I would tag in. We would do every scene with me in the role and him in the role, and that's how we kicked the tires on 'Hamilton.' It really took two people to make it work."
Muñoz's first performance in "Hamilton" was a memorable one — performing for President Barack Obama when he came to see the show on Broadway during its sixth preview.
"I'll never forget [that] moment," Muñoz told Variety. "He came to talk to us at intermission... he turned right to me, shook my hand, looked me square in the eye, and said, 'You are wonderful.' And then kept going. I didn't really move. When the president of the United States takes a moment to say anything to you? That was extraordinary. Act II was even better than Act I."
The "Hamilton" promotion for Muñoz comes after the actor's secret battle with cancer, which kept him out of the production for several weeks last fall. He was diagnosed in October 2015 and underwent surgery and radiation treatments in November, taking a two-month absence from the show before returning to the production in January.
"It's a rare thing in my life to find myself face to face with something I'm scared of, and I was scared of this," Muñoz told People. "I had never been more scared in my life.
Muñoz hasn't publicly said what type of cancer he had.
He will perform the role of Hamilton seven performances a week, taking off one performance per week, as Miranda had done. Muñoz's alternate will be announced at a later date, along with the alternate's performance schedule.


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The German prince who skis for Mexico has a noble ambition in Sochi: Become king of the hill.
Not so much with his finish in the slalom — he has no illusions of winning — but rather through his fashion statement.
Hubertus Von Hohenlohe, who turns 55 on Sunday, wants to stand out on the slopes in his flamboyant mariachi racing suit.
A fitting outfit for a vibrant character. Born in Mexico City, Von Hohenlohe has royal lineage through his family's ties with a former principality in Germany. He's also a singer who's released several albums, photographer whose work has been displayed in galleries and, oh yeah, a soon-to-be six-time Olympian.
That's right, six appearances, beginning with his debut at the 1984 Sarajevo Games. Von Hohenlohe counts Austria great Franz Klammer as a friend, Bode Miller as an inspiration — "He's a rebel and lives by his own rules," the prince explained — and said this new generation of skiers keeps him young.
"I have had an interesting life," Von Hohenlohe said.
Indeed. No wonder he's referred to as the "most interesting Olympian," a take on the commercial featuring the "most interesting man in the world" character.
"The fact that I have a span of 30 years where I've competed at the Olympics is quite special," he said in a phone interview from his hotel room in Mexico City.
Von Hohenlohe is set to become the second-oldest male competitor at a Winter Games when he races in the slalom on Feb. 22, according to Olympic historian Bill Mallon. The honor of oldest belongs to Carl August Kronlund, a Swedish curler who was 58 when he captured a silver medal at the 1924 Games.
That's a distinction Von Hohenlohe really doesn't want, which is why Sochi will be his last Olympics.
Then again, he said he was retiring after Vancouver, too.
"Maybe I'll try curling and go to a couple more?" said Von Hohenlohe, whose grandmother has Mexican ancestry.
In Vancouver four years ago, Von Hohenlohe wore a ski suit that featured a picture of a gun in a holster. He also wore others that tried to promote recycling efforts in Mexico.
This mariachi theme, though, takes the prize.
"It's an appropriate suit for someone who's not as explosive as the young ones, but has to go down stylish," said Von Hohenlohe, who founded the Mexican Ski Federation in the early '80s.
The charismatic Von Hohenlohe moved to Spain as a kid and then was sent to school in Austria, which he didn't particularly like.
"Dark, depressing, strict and boring," he said. "About the only thing that lit up my life was watching ski racing."
He saw some great ones, too — Jean-Claude Killy and Klammer were his favorites. He even once had a chat with Klammer, telling him he would one day be a racer as well.
A few years later, Von Hohenlohe showed up in the starting gate at a World Cup competition in Austria and startled Klammer.
"He was surprised and was like, 'What are you doing here?'" recalled Von Hohenlohe, whose best finish in 28 World Cup starts was fifth during a combined event in 1981. "I told him I wanted to have a go at this, too."
Von Hohenlohe remains friends with Klammer. So much so that Von Hohenlohe called him up after a recent crash in which he banged up his calf, just to tell Klammer how much he was hurting (the injury prevented him from qualifying for Sochi in the giant slalom).
"I told Franz, 'I don't know if I can make it,'" Von Hohenlohe said. "Franz is like, 'You're crazy. You have to be the legend.' I'm like, 'Yeah, my legend is on quantity of Olympic starts and yours is on quality.'"
Sore calf and all, he will be in Sochi to add to a streak that started 30 years ago in Sarajevo when he competed as Hubertus von Furstenberg-von Hohenlohe. He finished 38th in the downhill, 48th in the giant slalom and 26th in the slalom, which remains his best-ever Olympic showing.
He also took part in the '88, '92 and '94 Winter Games, only to skip the next three because Mexico didn't want to send a tiny team, he said.
But Von Hohenlohe was back on the slopes in Vancouver, giving him a stretch of 16 years between Olympic appearances, which is among the biggest gaps in Winter Olympics history, according to Mallon's research.
What's more, he's not the only royal member of his family to compete in the Olympics, either. His uncle, Max, also a prince, competed in the downhill for Liechtenstein at the '56 Olympics.
"When I walk into Sochi with the flag, I'll be crying, thinking about all the emotion it took to get here," Von Hohenlohe said. "It shows you a life has so much to it."
He suddenly laughed, a memory flashing back to him — a reporter approaching before a race in Slovenia.
"This guy was like, 'Are you the son of the famous Hubertus Von Hohenlohe who was racing in the '80s?'" he recounted. "I said, 'No, I'm not.' He's like, 'Who are you?' I said, 'I'm Hubertus, and I'm still the original!'"


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Calendar ⋅ Departments ⋅ Documents ⋅ Employment ⋅ Maps ⋅ News ⋅ Online Services ⋅ Projects
Oro Valley has a reputation for being one of the safest cities in Arizona, a reputation earned by the commitment to excellence displayed by all our members.
- OVPD Online Crash Reports
- CodeRED | Distracted Driving
Report a Traffic Complaint
- Hotline: 520-229-4933
Oro Valley has grown from 1,500 residents in 1983 to approximately 43,565 today. The land area has expanded from 4.5 square miles to nearly 36 during the same time. By comparison, the department has grown from 5 commissioned officers to 104 commissioned officers, 31.25 civilians and 2.88 reserve officers. Additionally, we have a volunteer group that is second to none. The dedication, vigilance and professionalism of all members of the Police Department provide for a safe and secure community for all those who live and visit in Oro Valley.
Citizen Survey
In September 2006, in an effort to improve the quality of services, the Oro Valley Police Department created a citizen survey for its constituents. The survey provides a fact-finding medium to determine how the Police Department is doing from the citizens. Patrol officers, volunteers, school resource officers and crime prevention officers distribute the surveys to citizens. The surveys are also available at the Oro Valley Library and the Police Department's main and north stations. A police volunteer reads and records every returned survey. The information is used to create a monthly statistical summary that is provided to the command staff and placed on the Police Department's website for public viewing.
Submit the Citizen Survey online.
Latest OVPD Media Releases


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Duration: 8 Days
3 Nile Cruise / 2Cairo / 2 Sleeper train
A comprehensive 7 nights holiday to Egypt that covers main sightseeing and tours in addition to a Nile Cruise where a person can explore the magic of ancient Egypt by visiting the three Pyramids of Giza and their guarding Sphinx and see Cairo then take the train to start the magical journey of a Nile Cruise.
Day 1: Cario
Arrival at Cairo international airport meet and assist service through formalities. Over night at hotel.
Day 2: Cairo / sleeper train
Full day sight seeing the Egyptian Museum of antiquities and the Pyramids of Giza. Overnight sleeper train to Aswan.
Day 3: Aswan/Edfu (Nile Cruise)
Arrival, meet & assist, transfer to the Cruise. Visit the High Dam and the Philae temple. Over night in Aswan
Day 4: Edfu/ Luxor (Nile Cruise)
Sail to Kom Ombo. Visit the Temple shared by the two gods Sobek and Haroeris. Sail to Edfu. Overnight in Edfu.
Day 5: Luxor (Nile Cruise)
Visit The Temple of Horus in Edfu. Cross the lock. Sail to Luxor. Overnight in Luxor.
Day 6: Sleeper Train
After breakfast disembarkation.Cross to the West Bank to visit the Necropolis of Thebes, Valley of the Kings, the Temple of Hatshepsut and the Colossi of Memnon. (Optional) Tour East Bank: Karnak and Luxor Temples. ( Optional ) Hot air balloon over the valley of kings and queens. Over night sleeper train .
Day 7: Cario
Arrival Cairo and transfer to hotel. Rest of afternoon free
(Optional): Visit Saqqara and Memphis or visit the old Cairo (church of St-Sergius, Citadel of "Saladin"(Salah al-Din), the Mohammed Ali mosque, Khan el-Khalili bazaar) (Optional): City tour by horse carriage Over night Cairo
Day 8: Cario
Prices listed are per person in double occupancy.
During Christmas, New Year and Easter a supplement is added send a tour inquiry to get best deal
Tour Reservation
Reservation of the tour requires payment of 25% of tour cost upon confirmation this can be done online or with bank wire transfer. The remainder of tour cost should be settled upon arrival to Egypt either in cash or by credit card. During peak periods 50% of tour cost should be paid upon confirmation.
Children Policy
up to 2 Years free of charge
from 2-6 years 25% of tour cost
from 6-12 50% of tour cost
If your tour inquires airfare extra charges may apply
Entry Visa
Entry visa to Egypt is obtainable upon arrival at the airport for many nationalities at US$ 25, It is advisable to check with your nearest consulate if you are eligible for it. Your passport should be valid for at least 6 months after entering Egypt
Additional Entry tickets
Some archeological sites are not included in the price of the tour like entering inside the Pyramids, Solar Boat, Mummies room in the Egyptian museum and Tut Ankh Amun tomb
✓2 Nights Cairo on BB basis (Bed and Breakfast)
✓3 Nights Nile Cruise on FB basis (Breakfast Lunch and Dinner)
✓2 Nights Sleeper train on HB basis (Breakfast and Dinner)
✓Sightseeing as per itinerary
✓Meals as per itinerary
✓Meet and assist services in all destinations
✓Entrance fees when applicable
✓Professional Egyptologist tour guide
✓Meet and assist services in all destinations
✓ All taxes and service charges
Entry Visa
International airfare
Any Optional tour
Tipping (recommended)
Personal spending
Christmas and New Year supplement


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A blessed Lent to all!
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I just started Not Even My Name by Thea Halo.
Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes by Dr. Andrew Ekonomou
Is that discussing Greek Popes in the west or East (present-day patriarchs)?
Praise the Lord for Bishop Ware!
I love "Quo Vadis."
New book--The Voyage of the Dawn Treader by C.S. Lewis
And last week I read The Orthodox Way. Praise the Lord for Bishop Ware!
"Sweet Thursday" by J. Steinbeck. What a treat. Incredible humor, absolutely live characters, the main hero a total nerd like me.
Amen to that! I read The Orthodox Way about three and a half years ago when I was I was looking into Orthodox Christianity but still heavily into Sufism/Hinduism. I absolutely loved it. It's one of the books that Christ used to gently 'push' me into the Church.
Steinbeck is one of my favorite authors.
At present time, I'm reading Christ the Eternal Tao. Several of you recommended it to me and I can say so far that I'm not disappointed. It's a very profound book.
The Great Divorce by CS Lewis.
Your book intrigues me, YA. Would you tell us why you read that? Is it specifically for teachers? Or could it be useful for parents as well? We have 3 with 1 starting High School, one starting Middle School and the youngest in Special Ed/School Community Based Program.
It's a book about classroom management.
I think I could use a book on oh... herding cats management
I'm reading Harry Potter & the Deathly Hallows. I'm on around page 620, I think.
Why do adults read this stuff, isn't it for children?No sarcasm intended, honestly.
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As announced, the IKA executive committee has discussed with the Industry to bring the eligibility date for the newly registered course racing equipment one week forward to allow the new equipment to be used already at the upcoming African Championships.
The equipment lists have been updated accordingly. All new registered equipment will be eligible from 23.03.2013.


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Cellucor® C4- Icy Blue Razzc4-icybluerazz
Product Details
PRE-WORKOUT WITH NO3 GENERATES EXPLOSIVE WORKOUTS C4 Extreme is powdered energy. Harnessing unparalleled NO3 technology and exclusive, premium ingredients such as Creatine Nitrate, C4 Extreme is a more advanced than any pre-workout supplement in its class, possessing the power to ignite your mind, muscles, and workout regimen, workout after workout after workout. What is NO3? NO3 is Nitrate, an advanced compound that delivers unbelievable muscle pumps and amplifies the effectiveness of every ingredient in C4 Extreme. Cellucor is utilizing a new compound where NO3 has been fused to Creatine to create Creatine Nitrate; according to a UCLA study, Creatine Nitrate is 1000% more water soluble than either Creatine Monohydrate or other creatine derivatives. Unmatched water solubility ensures better absorption and absolutely none of the traditional side effects.


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The New Zealand Brain Research Institute is pushing back the boundaries of knowledge about the brain and neurological disorders.
Ground breaking research
Neurological patients from all over Canterbury take part in our ground-breaking research.
Nurturing emerging researchers
The NZBRI nurtures emerging researchers by providing opportunities to be part of ground-breaking research projects in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, and more.


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I'm glad I didn't snag the DVD when it came out, they just released a "super special edition" of some sortI'll have to try to catch more than 3 episodes this season
Coolness. Never did catch this show, but I'll be on board.
Season 2 Trailer.The Walking Dead returns next Sunday (16 October)! AMC is also showing all of season 1 before the Season 2 premier for anyone who wants to either catch up or has not had the opportunity to see it.
Was in the presentation last night at NYCC. Looking forward to rest of season 2, although uncertain since they gave Darabont the boot.
Quote from: Captain Piet on October 16, 2011, 01:22 PMWas in the presentation last night at NYCC. Looking forward to rest of season 2, although uncertain since they gave Darabont the boot.Please tell me they at least had the figures for sale! Those things were supposed to be out by now...I really want to check those out. Looking forward to the premier, hoping since it's the first episode back and they want to hook in some new viewers they will have a little more action and a little less yakkity-yak.
3) I kinda missed the point of that scene with the older dude and the black guy talking about the "needs of the few" and the "magic radiator hose" or whatever. What was that? What exactly was the older dude implying?
1) Seems the dude on the RV would have noticed the zombies before they got quite THAT close. I mean, they were RIGHT up on them. I have to assume they didn't pass them on the road so I guess they just walked out of the woods.
2) Why weren't any zombies attracted to the sound of the recorded church bells? If that thing was on a timer it must have been going off for weeks. (Why did the church still have power even?)
By suggesting the RV wasn't ready to go yet meant that they should at least look for her until the vehicle was ready to move again. That's how I took it.
My only other question... what the hell killed all the people in the cars? Tent-guy definitely capped himself, but all the decaying bodies in the cars... I didn't get that. How/why did they all die like that? They all looked like they were just "dead" dead and never seemed to be Walking Dead...
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The Village of Brandin
The village of Brandin belongs to the municipality of Bricherasio, in the province of Torino, region Piemonte.
>>>COVID-19<<< Data about spreading of Covid-19 in Brandin are not yet available.
For the province of Torino, to whom Brandin belongs, on 2020-04-05 are reported 5,985 cases. In the previos day there were 5,772 cases, thus having a variation of 213 cases, i.e. 3.69% with reference to the number of cases reported in the previous day.
Please follow this link for updated information on Covid-19 including new cases and percentage changes for the whole of Italy, regions and individual provinces
The village of Brandin is 0,97 kilometers far from the same town of Bricherasio to whom it belongs.
To the municipality of Bricherasio also belong the localities of Avaro (3,41 km), Badariotti (2,82 km), Ballada (3,96 km), Basse dei Cesani (2,56 km), Bolla (2,17 km), Braide (3,83 km), Cafferi (2,72 km), Calliera (1,90 km), Canavè O Canavero (2,24 km), Cappella Merli (2,77 km), Cappella Moreri (1,86 km), Case sparse (-- km), Comba (2,86 km), Corbarano (1,11 km), Filatura Bruera (2,47 km), Forneri (2,86 km), Gerlero - Giordanetto (2,91 km), Gioietta (2,70 km), Madonnina (0,69 km), Molar (1,63 km), Pedaggio (1,47 km), Ponte di Bibiana (2,41 km), Pron (2,85 km), Rivà (1,90 km), San Michele (2,15 km), Toretti (1,79 km).
The number in parentheses following each village name indicate the distance between the same village and the municipality of Bricherasio.
Please notice that in what follows no statistic nor population data are available at the moment: the same are available for the Italian places having al least the status of municipalities ad for most of the villages too.
The distribution of the most commun family names is equally unavailable.
Please find in what follows:
- The banks in Brandin, when available.
- The parishes in Brandin, when available.
- The pharmacies in Brandin, when available.
- Weather and weather forecast for the municipality of Bricherasio, to whom Brandin belongs.
- Hotels in Brandin and its surroundings.
- Free ads in Brandin and in its province and region too.
- Map and road map of Brandin.
- A selection of videos about Brandin.
In the hamlet of Brandin there is no bank.
Please look at the closest banks in the town of Bricherasio, to whom Brandin belongs.
There is no pharmacy in the hamlet of Brandin.
Please look at the closest pharmacies in the town of Bricherasio, to whom Brandin belongs.
The parishes in Brandin
There are no parishes in Brandin.
Please look at the closest parishes in the town of Bricherasio, to whom Brandin belongs.
Where to stay in Brandin and its neighborhoods
Hotels, Resorts, B&B in Brandin and its neighborhoods.
You can arrange the results by number of stars, by popularity, by distance or even by the guest review score choosing among young couples, mature couples, families with young children, families with older children, people withfriends, or solo travellers.
Free ads in Brandin
Most recent free ads in Brandin, municipality of Bricherasio, province of Torino, Piemonte region, updated at 00:11:47, 06 April 2020. Place your free ad on Brandin: no registration needed. Place your free ad.
Up to now there is no free ad placed in Brandin
|Most recent free ads in the province of Torino
|ORTI in COMUNe al Villaretto
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|Most recent free ads in the region Piemonte
|vendita casa Dova inferiore
|Casa Vaikuntha Psicologia ed Etologia del Cane
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Map and road map of Brandin
Look at the interactive map of Brandin and get the road maps, the satellite maps and the mixed ones too. Interactive maps of Brandin also allow an immediate view of: bar,restaurants,pubs,pizzerias,dancing,night clubs,banks,jewellers,beauty centers,hair stylists,supermarkets,pharmacies.
Just fill in the free text search box placed on top of the map with any of previous categories and then press enter.
Please feel free to use the same free text search box placed on top of the map to find any kind of business activities you're interested into.
Videos about Brandin Bricherasio, Torino, Piemonte
Several videos about Brandin, Bricherasio, Torino, Piemonte.
A first video is shown: clicking on the PLAY button the video will start.
Inside the video window there are several commands and a Playlist button: .
Press the Playlist button to access the complete listing of the available videos, along with their titles. It will suffice to scroll through the list using the cursor to select any of the videos.
Once the video started you can use the and buttons to scroll through the videos. Each video can be displayed in full screen.


text: Wednesday, December 19, 2012 New Webinar: Reporting Functional Limitations on Claim Forms Beginning January 1, 2013, outpatient therapy providers will need to report information about their Medicare patient's functional limitations on the claim form. This reporting requirement will apply to outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech language pathology services provided in hospitals, critical access hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facilities (CORFs), rehabilitation agencies, home health agencies (when the beneficiary is not under a home health plan of care), and in private offices of therapists, physicians and nonphysician practitioners. A new APTA webinar recording provides information regarding the new functional limitation reporting as you implement the requirement in your practice. Specific information is provided on which new codes to report, documentation, and claims submission. The video can be found on the Functional Limitation Reporting Under Medicare webpage under General Information.


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Black Knight Sword
Black Knight Sword on PSN today
Grasshopper Manufacture's traditional side-scrolling action game Black Knight Sword will be on the PlayStation Network as of today.
Black Knight Sword headlines
Black Knight Sword from Suda 51 hits XBLA next week
Black Knight Sword from Suda 51 will release on Xbox Live Arcade Wednesday, December 12. Much like the Black Knight in Monty Python's Holy Grail, the fella is missing arms and legs, – wait – no, it looks like he has both sets of appendages in the screenshots posted below. Bummer. Anyway, he can still […]
Suda explains his various roles at Grasshopper Manufacture
Goichi Suda has said the gaming concepts at Grasshopper Manufacture pretty much stem from his ideas, but when it comes to the actual execution, it varies per game.
Black Knight Sword gameplay video from TGS
Joystiq has uploaded some extended footage of Black Knight Sword, complete with narration from the Japanese devs at Grasshopper Manufacture (translated.)
Black Knight Sword trailer shows slice-and-dice gameplay
Satisfy your curiousity with this gameplay-heavy trailer for Grasshopper Manufacturer's side-scrolling hack and slash, Black Knight Sword.
Monday Shorts - Farewell PAX edition, socks, David Jaffe swears
A lot of news came out of this weekend, largely thanks to PAX. Get your fill of soundbites within.
Grasshopper releases screens, video for Black Knight Sword
Grasshopper's released a couple of screens and video for downloadable title Black Knight Sword. The game sees you, a black knight, team up with a sword spirit to take down a princess. The game is being made as of a continued collaboration with Digital Reality: the two are currently making Sine Mora together. You can […]
Black Knight Sword latest
Monday Shorts – Farewell PAX edition, socks, David Jaffe swears


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The Hazardous-Course 2 is a spoof of the original "Hazard-Course" from Half-Life, which resembles the first player training levels. In contrary to this, the Hazardous-Course, as it's name let's suggest, is much more dangerous. Although it's a mod for a first person shooter, the player can only wield a weapon at the designated target range. So it plays more like an adventure. The difficulty is quite challenging, but the rewards are accordingly. The Basic Training is peppered with hidden Secrets, which reveal tools, shortcuts, control rooms, and other features, to ease almost all challenges. There are two Secret Levels and one Bonus Level to discover, and to complete to access the final part of the Hazardous-Course. Help can be found on the page in form of a FAQ and a complete walkthrough. Unfortunately these are all in german. But to be translated soon. But be aware, that these helps may spoil some surprising Easter eggs, insider gags, and a lot of the actual game play of the HC2!
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Advanced reporting and automation saves time so you can focus on managing your e-learning.
Multi-lingual platform available as either a monthly SaaS account or an Installed License. Scalable for all client sizes and adaptable to all verticals.
Access Inquisiq from any device at any time with an active Internet connection. Your data is backed up and secured automatically.
An easy and intuitive user interface and world class support helps your e-learning content shine through as the LMS does all the heavy lifting for you.
With a unique URL, custom branding, and built-in eCommerce, you can make your LMS your own. Customize User Profiles and integrate other systems to Inquisiq with the included API.
Easily set up customized report templates and have them automatically delivered to your inbox, saving time every week. System-generated email reminders keep your learners informed and on task. Organize your users with automated grouping and course enrollment rules.
Inquisiq serves over five hundred clients worldwide who are providing training to millions of users.
With over 3 million users across the globe, Inquisiq can meet the needs of any size business in any industry. Choose between a monthly cloud-based Saas account that can grow with you, or easily migrate to an unlimited-user Hosted License.
Access Inquisiq's cloud LMS from any Internet connected device at any time and use the built-in API to link to any other web application. The mobile optimized interface allows learners to log in whenever and wherever is convenient. All your training data is backed up and secured automatically.
The award winning Inquisiq interface allows for an easy and intuitive user experience, enabling learners to spend more time focused on your content.
Batch upload all your users, allow them to self-register, or integrate with your HRIS system, then configure and implement your LMS to get your training programs running in just days - fully branded with a custom URL. All tracking and reporting functions are customizable; only see the data you need.


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Federal Reserve update: September 2011
This month the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announced "Operation Twist," a plan to sell $400 billion in near-term U.S. securities in the next nine months to purchase an equal amount of longer-term securities. This move aims to lower long-term interest rates and increase borrowing among consumers.
The FOMC said in its announcement that the move is in response to continued weakness in national economic figures, including those on unemployment, consumer spending and the housing sector. The Committee's announcement also said that while it anticipates the pace of the recovery to improve in coming quarters, it expects unemployment will decline only gradually in the near term.
The response to Operation Twist has been mixed. But because both short- and long-term interest rates are at historic lows, seeking to narrow the gap between them is one of the few ways the Fed has left to encourage long-term investments.
The federal funds rate
In 2011, the federal funds rate has sat at record lows. The current range of the Federal Funds rate is 0 to 0.25 percent. This low rate is meant to spur economic growth by way of encouraging national spending and borrowing, and the Fed indicated in September that the rate will likely stay at "exceptionally low" levels through mid-2013.
Because of this, interest rates on deposit products, including savings accounts, CDs, money market accounts and checking accounts, are expected to remain near record lows.
The federal funds rate refers to the interest rate at which banks loan money to each other. The FOMC, a part of the Federal Reserve System consisting of 12 members, sets the range for the federal funds rate. Because the federal funds rate affects current interest rates throughout the economy, the FOMC aims to choose a range that will encourage economic stability and prosperity.
Money Rates Interest Rate Forecast 2011-2012
The Fed has maintained an ultra low interest rate policy that looks likely to be in place for the foreseeable future. In announcing that it intends to keep the federal funds rate low through mid-2013, the FOMC is clearly hoping to spur the business investment needed to help lift the economy.
Still, rising inflation or declining unemployment are two major wild cards that could cause the Fed to hike rates sooner. The current Money Rates forecast for the federal funds rate in 2011 and 2012 is listed below:
October 2011: 0% - 0.25%
December 2011: 0% - 0.25%
February 2012: 0.25% - 0.50%
April 2012: 0.75%
June 2012: 1.00%
August 2012: 1.25%
October 2012: 1.25%


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Wisconsin Land Records
This entry was originally written by Dawn M. Knauft and Carol L. Maki in Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources.
Wisconsin is a Public-Domain State.
Being a public-domain state, Wisconsin was divided into a grid of 1,554 townships by the General Land Office (GLO) survey crews. The earliest land office was at Mineral Point, opening on 10 November 1834. Land that is presently Grant County, with the exception of mineral land, was available at that time. The local records of the nine GLO district offices are at the Commissioner of Public Lands, P.O. Box 8943, Madison, WI 53708-8943. Many records of the Commissioners of Public Lands are in the State Archives, Wisconsin Historical Society. These include, for example, copies of original federal survey plat books from 1834 to 1858. The State Archives, Wisconsin Historical Society, holds copies of all Wisconsin Local Land Office Tract Books, showing original owners or recipients of most land in Wisconsin. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Eastern States Land Office in Alexandria, Virginia has patents, copies of tract books, and township plats; an online searchable index and downloadable images of Wisconsin land patents are also available. The National Archives has land-entry case files. See Alexander F. Pratt, 'Reminiscences of Wisconsin,' in Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, vol. 1, Lyman Copeland Draper, ed. (reprint, Madison, Wis.: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1855), 137, regarding claims to associations near Milwaukee in the late 1830s.
Subsequent land transactions after initial ownership are recorded in the county's register of deeds. Most counties have grantor/grantee indexes to their land records. Some are available on microfilm at the Area Research Centers of the Wisconsin Historical Society and the FHL.
Additional information is available in Paul W. Gates, 'Frontier Land Business in Wisconsin,' Wisconsin Magazine of History 52 (1962): 306-27; and Frederick N. Trowbridge, 'Confirming Land Titles in Early Wisconsin,' Wisconsin Magazine of History 26 (1942): 314-22.