text:
For other uses, see Asphalt (disambiguation). Note: The terms bitumen and asphalt are mostly interchangeable, Asphalt Driveway Paving in Bedfordview except where asphalt is used as a shorthand for asphalt concrete. Natural bitumen from the Dead Sea Refined asphalt The University of Queensland pitch drop experiment, demonstrating the viscosity of asphalt
Asphalt (/ˈæsˌfɔːlt, -ˌfɑːlt/), also known as bitumen (UK English: /ˈbɪtʃəmən, ˈbɪtjʊmən/,[1] US English: /bɪˈt(j)uːmən, baɪˈt(j)uːmən/)[2] is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch. Before the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used.
The primary use (70%) of asphalt Recycled Asphalt Driveway is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.
The terms "asphalt" and "bitumen" are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English, "asphalt" (or "asphalt cement") is commonly used for a refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils. Outside the United States, the product is often called "bitumen", and geologists worldwide often prefer the term for the naturally occurring variety. Common colloquial usage often refers to various forms of asphalt as "tar", as in the name of the La Brea Tar Pits.
Naturally occurring asphalt is sometimes specified by the term "crude bitumen". Asphalt Driveway Paving Its viscosity is similar to that of cold molasses[6][7] while the material obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil boiling at 525 °C (977 °F) is sometimes referred to as "refined bitumen". The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves of natural asphalt in the Athabasca oil sands, which cover 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than England.
The word "asphalt" is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning "asphalt/bitumen/pitch" which perhaps derives from ἀ-, "without" and σφάλλω (sfallō), "make fall". Asphalt Driveway Pavers Cost the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically, Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall.[11] From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English ("asphaltum" and "asphalt"). In French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring asphalt-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the "asphaltic concrete" used to pave roads.
The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit words jatu, meaning "pitch", and jatu-krit, meaning "pitch creating" or "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (exuding or bubbling pitch), which was subsequently shortened to bitumen, thence passing via French into English. From the same root is derived the Anglo-Saxon word cwidu (mastix), the German word Kitt (cement or mastic) and the old Norse word kvada.
In British English, "bitumen" is used instead of "asphalt". The word "asphalt" is instead used to refer to asphalt concrete, a mixture of construction aggregate and asphalt itself (also called "tarmac" in common parlance). Bitumen mixed with clay was usually called "asphaltum",[13] but the term is less commonly used today.[citation needed]
In Australian English, "bitumen" is often used as the generic term for road surfaces.
In American English, "asphalt" is equivalent to the British "bitumen". However, "asphalt" is also commonly used as a shortened form of "asphalt concrete" (therefore equivalent to the British "asphalt" or "tarmac").
In Canadian English, the word "bitumen" is used to refer to the vast Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil,[14] while "asphalt" is used for the oil refinery product. Diluted bitumen (diluted with naphtha to make it flow in pipelines) is known as "dilbit" in the Canadian petroleum industry, while bitumen "upgraded" to synthetic crude oil is known as "syncrude", and syncrude blended with bitumen is called "synbit".[15]
"Bitumen" is still the preferred geological term for naturally occurring deposits of the solid or semi-solid form of petroleum. "Bituminous rock" is a form of sandstone impregnated with bitumen. The tar sands of Alberta, Canada are a similar material.
Neither of the terms "asphalt" or "bitumen" should be confused with tar or coal tars.[further explanation needed]
See also: Asphaltene
The components of asphalt include four main classes of compounds:
The naphthene aromatics and polar aromatics are typically the majority components. Most natural bitumens also contain organosulfur compounds, resulting in an overall sulfur content of up to 4%. Nickel and vanadium are found at <10 parts per million, as is typical of some petroleum.
The substance is soluble in carbon disulfide. It is commonly modelled as a colloid, with asphaltenes as the dispersed phase and maltenes as the continuous phase.[16] "It is almost impossible to separate and identify all the different molecules of asphalt, because the number of molecules with different chemical structure is extremely large".
Asphalt may be confused with coal tar, which is a visually similar black, thermoplastic material produced by the destructive distillation of coal. During the early and mid-20th century, when town gas was produced, coal tar was a readily available byproduct and extensively used as the binder for road aggregates. The addition of coal tar to macadam roads led to the word "tarmac", which is now used in common parlance to refer to road-making materials. However, since the 1970s, when natural gas succeeded town gas, asphalt has completely overtaken the use of coal tar in these applications. Other examples of this confusion include the La Brea Tar Pits and the Canadian oil sands, both of which actually contain natural bitumen rather than tar. "Pitch" is another term sometimes informally used at times to refer to asphalt, as in Pitch Lake.
Bituminous outcrop of the Puy de la Poix, Clermont-Ferrand, France
The majority of asphalt used commercially is obtained from petroleum.[18] Nonetheless, large amounts of asphalt occur in concentrated form in nature. Naturally occurring deposits of bitumen are formed from the remains of ancient, microscopic algae (diatoms) and other once-living things. These remains were deposited in the mud on the bottom of the ocean or lake where the organisms lived. Under the heat (above 50 °C) and pressure of burial deep in the earth, the remains were transformed into materials such as bitumen, kerogen, or petroleum.
Natural deposits of bitumen include lakes such as the Pitch Lake in Trinidad and Tobago and Lake Bermudez in Venezuela. Natural seeps occur in the La Brea Tar Pits and in the Dead Sea.
Bitumen also occurs in unconsolidated sandstones known as "oil sands" in Alberta, Canada, and the similar "tar sands" in Utah, US. The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves, in three huge deposits covering 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than England or New York state. These bituminous sands contain 166 billion barrels (26.4×10^9 m3) of commercially established oil reserves, giving Canada the third largest oil reserves in the world. Although historically it was used without refining to pave roads, nearly all of the output is now used as raw material for oil refineries in Canada and the United States.
The world's largest deposit of natural bitumen, known as the Athabasca oil sands, is located in the McMurray Formation of Northern Alberta. This formation is from the early Cretaceous, and is composed of numerous lenses of oil-bearing sand with up to 20% oil.[19] Isotopic studies show the oil deposits to be about 110 million years old.[20] Two smaller but still very large formations occur in the Peace River oil sands and the Cold Lake oil sands, to the west and southeast of the Athabasca oil sands, respectively. Of the Alberta deposits, only parts of the Athabasca oil sands are shallow enough to be suitable for surface mining. The other 80% has to be produced by oil wells using enhanced oil recovery techniques like steam-assisted gravity drainage.
Much smaller heavy oil or bitumen deposits also occur in the Uinta Basin in Utah, US. The Tar Sand Triangle deposit, for example, is roughly 6% bitumen.
Bitumen may occur in hydrothermal veins. An example of this is within the Uinta Basin of Utah, in the US, where there is a swarm of laterally and vertically extensive veins composed of a solid hydrocarbon termed Gilsonite. These veins formed by the polymerization and solidification of hydrocarbons that were mobilized from the deeper oil shales of the Green River Formation during burial and diagenesis.
Bitumen is similar to the organic matter in carbonaceous meteorites.[23] However, detailed studies have shown these materials to be distinct.[24] The vast Alberta bitumen resources are considered to have started out as living material from marine plants and animals, mainly algae, that died millions of years ago when an ancient ocean covered Alberta. They were covered by mud, buried deeply over time, and gently cooked into oil by geothermal heat at a temperature of 50 to 150 °C (120 to 300 °F). Due to pressure from the rising of the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Alberta, 80 to 55 million years ago, the oil was driven northeast hundreds of kilometres and trapped into underground sand deposits left behind by ancient river beds and ocean beaches, thus forming the oil sands.
The use of natural bitumen for waterproofing, and as an adhesive dates at least to the fifth millennium BC, with a crop storage basket discovered in Mehrgarh, of the Indus Valley Civilization, lined with it.[25] By the 3rd millennia BC refined rock asphalt was in use, in the region, and was used to waterproof the Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro.
In the ancient Middle East, the Sumerians used natural bitumen deposits for mortar between bricks and stones, to cement parts of carvings, such as eyes, into place, for ship caulking, and for waterproofing.[3] The Greek historian Herodotus said hot bitumen was used as mortar in the walls of Babylon.
The 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) long Euphrates Tunnel beneath the river Euphrates at Babylon in the time of Queen Semiramis (ca. 800 BC) was reportedly constructed of burnt bricks covered with bitumen as a waterproofing agent.
Bitumen was used by ancient Egyptians to embalm mummies.[3][28] The Persian word for asphalt is moom, which is related to the English word mummy. The Egyptians' primary source of bitumen was the Dead Sea, which the Romans knew as Palus Asphaltites (Asphalt Lake).
Approximately 40 AD, Dioscorides described the Dead Sea material as Judaicum bitumen, and noted other places in the region where it could be found.[29] The Sidon bitumen is thought to refer to material found at Hasbeya.[30] Pliny refers also to bitumen being found in Epirus. It was a valuable strategic resource, the object of the first known battle for a hydrocarbon deposit—between the Seleucids and the Nabateans in 312 BC.
In the ancient Far East, natural bitumen was slowly boiled to get rid of the higher fractions, leaving a thermoplastic material of higher molecular weight that when layered on objects became quite hard upon cooling. This was used to cover objects that needed waterproofing,[3] such as scabbards and other items. Statuettes of household deities were also cast with this type of material in Japan, and probably also in China.
In North America, archaeological recovery has indicated bitumen was sometimes used to adhere stone projectile points to wooden shafts.[32] In Canada, aboriginal people used bitumen seeping out of the banks of the Athabasca and other rivers to waterproof birch bark canoes, and also heated it in smudge pots to ward off mosquitoes in the summer.
In 1553, Pierre Belon described in his work Observations that pissasphalto, a mixture of pitch and bitumen, was used in the Republic of Ragusa (now Dubrovnik, Croatia) for tarring of ships.
Permeable paving
An 1838 edition of Mechanics Magazine cites an early use of asphalt in France. A pamphlet dated 1621, by "a certain Monsieur d'Eyrinys, states that he had discovered the existence (of asphaltum) in large quantities in the vicinity of Neufchatel", and that he proposed to use it in a variety of ways – "principally in the construction of air-proof granaries, and in protecting, by means of the arches, the water-courses in the city of Paris from the intrusion of dirt and filth", which at that time made the water unusable. "He expatiates also on the excellence of this material for forming level and durable terraces" in palaces, "the notion of forming such terraces in the streets not one likely to cross the brain of a Parisian of that generation".
But the substance was generally neglected in France until the revolution of 1830. In the 1830s there was a surge of interest, and asphalt became widely used "for pavements, flat roofs, and the lining of cisterns, and in England, some use of it had been made of it for similar purposes". Its rise in Europe was "a sudden phenomenon", after natural deposits were found "in France at Osbann (Bas-Rhin), the Parc (Ain) and the Puy-de-la-Poix (Puy-de-Dôme)", although it could also be made artificially.[35] One of the earliest uses in France was the laying of about 24,000 square yards of Seyssel asphalt at the Place de la Concorde in 1835.
Among the earlier uses of bitumen in the United Kingdom was for etching. William Salmon's Polygraphice (1673) provides a recipe for varnish used in etching, consisting of three ounces of virgin wax, two ounces of mastic, and one ounce of asphaltum.[37] By the fifth edition in 1685, he had included more asphaltum recipes from other sources.
The first British patent for the use of asphalt was "Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen" in 1834.[35] Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement,[39][40] having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms, who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain.[41][42] Dr T. Lamb Phipson writes that his father, Samuel Ryland Phipson, a friend of Claridge, was also "instrumental in introducing the asphalte pavement (in 1836)".[43] Indeed, mastic pavements had been previously employed at Vauxhall by a competitor of Claridge, but without success.
Toll road
Claridge obtained a patent in Scotland on 27 March 1838, and obtained a patent in Ireland on 23 April 1838. In 1851, extensions for the 1837 patent and for both 1838 patents were sought by the trustees of a company previously formed by Claridge. Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company—formed in 1838 for the purpose of introducing to Britain "Asphalte in its natural state from the mine at Pyrimont Seysell in France",—"laid one of the first asphalt pavements in Whitehall". Trials were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway in Whitehall, the stable at Knightsbridge Barracks,"and subsequently on the space at the bottom of the steps leading from Waterloo Place to St. James Park". "The formation in 1838 of Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company (with a distinguished list of aristocratic patrons, and Marc and Isambard Brunel as, respectively, a trustee and consulting engineer), gave an enormous impetus to the development of a British asphalt industry".[45] "By the end of 1838, at least two other companies, Robinson's and the Bastenne company, were in production",[50] with asphalt being laid as paving at Brighton, Herne Bay, Canterbury, Kensington, the Strand, and a large floor area in Bunhill-row, while meantime Claridge's Whitehall paving "continue(d) in good order".
Asphalt Driveway Paving in Bedfordview ?Raised sidewalks beside a 2000-year-old paved road, Pompeii, Italy
A sidewalk (American English) or pavement (British English), also known as a footpath or footway, is a path along the side of a road. A sidewalk may accommodate moderate changes in grade (height) and is normally separated from the vehicular section by a curb. There may also be a median strip or road verge (a strip of vegetation, grass or bushes or trees or a combination of these) either between the sidewalk and the roadway or between the sidewalk and the boundary.
In some places, the same term may also be used for a paved path, trail or footpath that is not next to a road, for example, a path through a park.
The term "sidewalk" is usually preferred in most of North America, along with many other countries worldwide that are not members of the Commonwealth of Nations. The term "pavement" is more common in the United Kingdom,[1] as well as parts of the Mid-Atlantic United States such as Philadelphia and New Jersey.[2][3] Many Commonwealth countries use the term "footpath". The professional, civil engineering and legal term for this in North America is "sidewalk" while in the United Kingdom it is "footway".[4]
In the United States, the term sidewalk is used for the pedestrian path beside a road. "Shared use paths" or "multi-use paths" are available for use by both pedestrians and bicyclists.[5] "Walkway" is a more comprehensive term that includes stairs, ramps, passageways, and related structures that facilitate the use of a path as well as the sidewalk.[6]
In the UK, the term "footpath" is mostly used for paths that do not abut a roadway.[7] The term "shared-use path" is used where cyclists are also able to use the same section of path as pedestrians.[8]East India House, Leadenhall Street, London, 1766. The sidewalk is separated from the main street by six bollards in front of the building.
There is evidence that sidewalks were built in ancient times. It was claimed that the Greek city of Corinth was paved by the 4th-century, and the Romans were particularly prolific sidewalk builders – they called them semitas.[9]
However, by the Middle Ages, narrow roads had reverted to being simultaneously used by pedestrians and wagons without any formal separation between the two categories. Early attempts at ensuring the adequate maintenance of foot-ways or sidewalks were often made, such as the 1623 Act for Colchester, although they were generally not very effective.[10]
Following the Great Fire of London in 1666, attempts were slowly made to bring some order to the sprawling city. In 1671, 'Certain Orders, Rules and Directions Touching the Paving and Cleansing The Streets, Lanes and Common Passages within the City of London' were formulated, calling for all streets to be adequately paved for pedestrians with cobblestones. Purbeck stone was widely used as a durable paving material. Bollards were also installed to protect pedestrians from the traffic in the middle of the road.
A series of Paving Acts from the House of Commons during the 18th century, especially the 1766 Paving & Lighting Act, authorized the City of London Corporation to create foot-ways throughout all the streets of London, to pave them with Purbeck stone (the thoroughfare in the middle was generally cobblestone) and to raise them above the street level with curbs forming the separation.[11] The Corporation was also made responsible for the regular upkeep of the roads, including their cleaning and repair, for which they charged a tax from 1766.[12] By the late 19th-century large and spacious sidewalks were routinely constructed in European capitals, and were associated with urban sophistication.
In the United States, adjoining property owners must in most situations finance all or part of the cost of sidewalk construction. In a legal case in 1917 involving E. L. Stewart, a former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives and a lawyer in Minden in Webster Parish, the Louisiana Supreme Court ruled that owners must pay whether they wish for the sidewalk to be constructed or not.[13]Pedestrians walking on the pavement (sidewalk) in London.
Sidewalks play an important role in transportation, as they provide a safe path for people to walk along that is separated from the motorized traffic. They aid road safety by minimizing interaction between pedestrians and motorized traffic. Sidewalks are normally in pairs, one on each side of the road, with the center section of the road for motorized vehicles.
In rural roads, sidewalks may not be present as the amount of traffic (pedestrian or motorized) may not be enough to justify separating the two. In suburban and urban areas, sidewalks are more common. In town and city centers (known as downtown in North America) the amount of pedestrian traffic can exceed motorized traffic, and in this case the sidewalks can occupy more than half of the width of the road, or the whole road can be reserved for pedestrians, see Pedestrian zone.
Sidewalks may have a small effect on reducing vehicle miles traveled and carbon dioxide emissions. A study of sidewalk and transit investments in Seattle neighborhoods found vehicle travel reductions of 6 to 8% and CO2 emission reductions of 1.3 to 2.2% [14]Sidewalk with bike path See also: Road traffic safety
Research commissioned for the Florida Department of Transportation, published in 2005, found that, in Florida, the Crash Reduction Factor (used to estimate the expected reduction of crashes during a given period) resulting from the installation of sidewalks averaged 74%.[15] Research at the University of North Carolina for the U.S. Department of Transportation found that the presence or absence of a sidewalk and the speed limit are significant factors in the likelihood of a vehicle/pedestrian crash. Sidewalk presence had a risk ratio of 0.118, which means that the likelihood of a crash on a road with a paved sidewalk was 88.2 percent lower than one without a sidewalk. "This should not be interpreted to mean that installing sidewalks would necessarily reduce the likelihood of pedestrian/motor vehicle crashes by 88.2 percent in all situations. However, the presence of a sidewalk clearly has a strong beneficial effect of reducing the risk of a 'walking along roadway' pedestrian/motor vehicle crash." The study does not count crashes that happen when walking across a roadway. The speed limit risk ratio was 1.116, which means that a 16.1-km/h (10-mi/h) increase in the limit yields a factor of (1.116)10 or 3.[16]
The presence or absence of sidewalks was one of three factors that were found to encourage drivers to choose lower, safer speeds.[17]
On the other hand, the implementation of schemes which involve the removal of sidewalks, such as shared space schemes, are reported to deliver a dramatic drop in crashes and congestion too, which indicates that a number of other factors, such as the local speed environment, also play an important role in whether sidewalks are necessarily the best local solution for pedestrian safety.[18]
In cold weather, black ice is a common problem with unsalted sidewalks. The ice forms a thin transparent surface film which is almost impossible to see, and so results in many slips by pedestrians.
Riding bicycles on sidewalks is discouraged since some research shows it to be more dangerous than riding in the street.[19] Some jurisdictions prohibit sidewalk riding except for children. In addition to the risk of cyclist/pedestrian collisions, cyclists face increase risks from collisions with motor vehicles at street crossings and driveways. Riding in the direction opposite to traffic in the adjacent lane is especially risky.[20]
Since residents of neighborhoods with sidewalks are more likely to walk, they tend to have lower rates of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and other health issues related to sedentary lifestyles.[21] Also, children who walk to school have been shown to have better concentration.[22]Native Americans busking at Orchard Road, Singapore
Some sidewalks may be used as social spaces with sidewalk cafes, markets, or busking musicians, as well as for parking for a variety of vehicles including cars, motorbikes and bicycles.
Contemporary sidewalks are most often made of concrete in the United States and Canada, while tarmac, asphalt, brick, stone, slab and (increasingly) rubber are more common in Europe.[23] Different materials are more or less friendly environmentally: pumice-based trass, for example, when used as an extender is less energy-intensive than Portland cement concrete or petroleum-based materials such as asphalt or tar-penetration macadam). Multi-use paths alongside roads are sometimes made of materials that are softer than concrete, such as asphalt.
In the 19th century and early 20th century, sidewalks of wood were common in some North American locations. They may still be found at historic beach locations and in conservation areas to protect the land beneath and around, called boardwalks.
Brick sidewalks are found in some urban areas, usually for aesthetic purposes. Brick sidewalk construction usually involves the usage of a mechanical vibrator to lock the bricks in place after they have been laid (and/or to prepare the soil before laying). Although this might also be done by other tools (as regular hammers and heavy rolls), a vibrator is often used to speed up the process.
Stone slabs called flagstones or flags are sometimes used where an attractive appearance is required, as in historic town centers. In other places, pre-cast concrete slabs (called paving slabs or, less correctly, paving stones) are used. These may be colored or textured to resemble stone.Freshly laid concrete sidewalk, with horizontal strain-relief grooves faintly visible
In the United States and Canada, the most common type of sidewalk consists of a poured concrete ribbon, examples of which from as early as the 1860s can be found in good repair in San Francisco, and stamped with the name of the contractor and date of installation.[citation needed] When quantities of Portland cement were first imported to the United States in the 1880s, its principal use was in the construction of sidewalks.[24]
Today, most sidewalk ribbons are constructed with cross-lying strain-relief grooves placed or sawn at regular intervals typically 5 feet (1.5 m) apart. This partitioning, an improvement over the continuous slab, was patented in 1924 by Arthur Wesley Hall and William Alexander McVay, who wished to minimize damage to the concrete from the effects of tectonic and temperature fluctuations, both of which can crack longer segments.[25] The technique is not perfect, as freeze-thaw cycles (in cold-weather regions) and tree root growth can eventually result in damage which requires repair.
In highly variable climates which undergo multiple freeze-thaw cycles, the concrete blocks will be separated by expansion joints to allow for thermal expansion without breakage. The use of expansion joints in sidewalks may not be necessary, as the concrete will shrink while setting.[26]
In the United Kingdom, Australia and France suburban sidewalks are most commonly constructed of tarmac. In urban or inner-city areas sidewalks are most commonly constructed of slabs, stone, or brick depending upon the surrounding street architecture and furniture.
Asphalt concreteThru lanes indicated by arrows on California CR G4 (Montague Expressway) in Silicon Valley.
In the context of traffic control, a lane is part of a roadway (carriageway) that is designated for use by a single line of vehicles, to control and guide drivers and reduce traffic conflicts.[1] Most public roads (highways) have at least two lanes, one for traffic in each direction, separated by lane markings. On multilane roadways and busier two-lane roads, lanes are designated with road surface markings. Major highways often have two multi-lane roadways separated by a median.
Some roads and bridges that carry very low volumes of traffic are less than 15 feet (4.6 m) wide, and are only a single lane wide. Vehicles travelling in opposite directions must slow or stop to pass each other. In rural areas, these are often called country lanes. In urban areas, alleys are often only one lane wide. Urban and suburban one lane roads are often designated for one-way traffic.
Lane capacity varies widely due to conditions such as neighboring lanes, lane width, elements next to the road, number of driveways, presence of parking, speed limits, number of heavy vehicles and so on – the range can be as low as 1000 passenger cars / hour to as high as 4800 passenger cars /hour but mostly falls between 1500 and 2400 passenger cars / hour.[2]The Ontario Highway 401 in the Greater Toronto area, with 17 travel lanes in 6 separate carriageways visible in the midground. Turning lane on the Rodovia BR-101 (Brazil) Play media Changing lanes, Gothenburg, Sweden Transfer lanes, connecting surface collector lanes with through lanes between two tunnels A left-turn merging lane in Germany, needing explanation by a crafted sign These usages lead to the phrases life in the slow lane and life in the fast lane, used to describe relaxed or busy lifestyles, respectively and used as the titles of various books and songs.
While in general, wider lanes are associated with a reduction in crashes,[7] in urban settings both narrow (less than 2.8 m) and wide (over 3.1~3.2 m) lanes increase crash risks.[8] Wider lanes (over 3.3~3.4m) are associated with 33% higher impact speeds, as well as higher crash rates. Carrying capacity is also maximal at a width of 3 to 3.1 metres (9.8 to 10.2 ft), both for motor traffic and for bicycles. Pedestrian volume declines as lanes widen, and intersections with narrower lanes provide the highest capacity for bicycles.[9] As lane width decreases, traffic speed diminishes.[10]
Advocates for safety of people walking and people on bikes, and many new urbanists disagree with traditional thinking in traffic engineering, saying that safety and capacity are not adversely impacted by reducing lanes widths to as little as 10 feet (3.0 m).[11] Moreover, wider travel lanes also increase exposure and crossing distance for pedestrians at intersections and midblock crossings.assumed widths and heights in road design for Europe (in meters)
The widths of vehicle lanes typically vary from 9 to 15 feet (2.7 to 4.6 m). Lane widths are commonly narrower on low volume roads and wider on higher volume roads. The lane width depends on the assumed maximum vehicle width with an additional space to allow for lateral motion of the vehicle.
The maximum truck width had been 96 inches (2.438 m) in the Code of Federal Regulations of 1956 which matches with the width of eight-foot for shipping containers. This had been increased to 102 inches (2.591 m) in 1976 which explicitly states to be read as the slightly larger metric 2.6 metres (102.36 in) width respecting international harmonization.[12] The same applies to standards in Europe which had increased the allowable size of road vehicles with a current maximum of 2.55 metres (100.39 in) for most trucks and allowing 2.6 metres (102.36 in) for refrigerator trucks. The minimum extra space had been 0.20 metres (7.87 in) and it is currently assumed to be at least 0.25 metres (9.84 in) on each side. For roads with a lower amount of traffic it is allowed to build the second or third lane in the same direction to an assumed lower width for cars like 1.75 metres (68.90 in), however this is not recommended as a design principle for new roads as changes in the amount of traffic could make for unnecessarily increased risks in the future.
The Interstate Highway standards for the U.S. Interstate Highway System uses a 12-foot (3.7 m) standard for lane width, while narrower lanes are used on lower classification roads. In Europe, as laws and road width vary by country, the minimum widths of lanes is generally between 2.5 to 3.25 metres (8.2 to 10.7 ft).[13] The federal Bundesstraße interurban network in Germany defines a minimum of 3.5 metres (11 ft 6 in) for each lane for the smallest two lane roads with an additional 0.25 metres (9.84 in) on the outer sides and shoulders being at least 1.5 metres (59.06 in) on each side. A modern Autobahn divided highway will have two lanes per direction which are 3.75 metres (12 ft 4 in) wide with an additional clearance of 0.50 metres (19.69 in) on each side, while three lanes per direction are set at 3.75 metres (12 ft 4 in) for the rightmost lane and 3.5 metres (11 ft 6 in) for the other lanes. Urban access roads and roads in low-density areas may have lanes as small as 2.75 metres (9 ft 0 in) in width per lane with shoulders being at least 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) wide.[14]Main article: Road surface marking A typical rural American freeway (Interstate 5 in the Central Valley of California). Notice the yellow line on the left, the dashed white line in the middle, and the solid white line on the right. Also note the rumble strip to the left of the yellow line.
Painted lane markings vary widely from country to country. In the United States, Canada, Mexico, Honduras, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands and Norway, yellow lines separate traffic going opposite directions and white separates lanes of traffic traveling the same direction, but such is not the case in many European countries.
Lane markings are mostly lines painted on the road by a road marking machine, which can adjust the marking widths according to the lane type.[15]
Traffic reports in California often refer to accidents being "in the number X lane." The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) assigns the numbers from left to right.[16] The far left passing lane is the number 1 lane. The number of the slow lane (closest to freeway onramps/offramps) depends on the total number of lanes, and could be anywhere from 2 to 8.
For much of human history, roads did not need lane markings because most people walked or rode horses at relatively slow speeds. Another reason for not using lane markings is that they are expensive to maintain.
When automobiles, trucks, and buses came into widespread use during the first two decades of the 20th century, head-on collisions became more common.
Without the guidance provided by lane markings, drivers in the early days often erred in favor of keeping closer to the middle of the road, rather than risk going off-road into ditches or trees[citation needed]. This practice often left inadequate room for opposing traffic.
The history of lane markings is connected to the mass automobile construction in Detroit. It resulted in the formation of the first Road Commission of Wayne County, Michigan in 1906 which was trying to make roads safer (Henry Ford served on the board in the first year).[17] The commission would order the construction of the first concrete road in 1909 (the Woodard Avenue in Detroit) and it conceived the centerline for highways in 1911. Hence the chairmen of the Road Commission, Edward N. Hines is widely credited as the inventor of line markings.[18]
The introduction as a common standard is connected to June McCarroll, a physician in Indio, California who started experimenting with painting lines on roads in 1917 after she was run off a highway by a truck driver. In November 1924, after years of lobbying by Dr. McCarroll and her allies, California officially adopted a policy of painting lines on its highways. A portion of Interstate 10 near Indio has been named the Dr. June McCarroll Memorial Freeway in her honor.black center line on an Autobahn in Germany (late 1930s)
The first lane markings in Europe were painted at an accident hotspot in the small town of Sutton Coldfield near Birmingham, England in 1921. The success of this experiment made its way to other hotspots and later standardization of white paint for line markings in Great Britain.[19]
The first lane markings in Germany were used in Berlin in 1925 using white paint for line markings and road edge markings. When the standard for the new autobahn network was conceived in the 1930s it mandated the usage of black paint for the center line for each carriageway as black was better visible on the bright surface of the concrete roads.
By 1939, lane markings had become so popular that they were officially standardized throughout the United States. The concept of line markings spread throughout the world becoming standard for most roads. Originally the lines were drawn manually with normal paint which would bleach out quickly. After the war, the first machines for line markings were invented[20] and a plastic strip was becoming standard in the 1950s which led to gradually find line markings on all roads.Main article: Right- and left-hand traffic


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Kitchen Samples
deTerra wood is simply the best (cue Tina Turner music).
That said, we understand the need to try before you buy: it's the only smart and sensible way to purchase online, after all! We also believe that once you've seen and felt our solid wood products, you'll be blown away by the quality. And so we've set up a snazzy sample service through which customers can order examples of each of our worktop types (species and style) plus sample cabinet panels and doors, to get a real sense of what we're about.
Our solid wood worktop samples come in 200mm x 150mm x 40mm or 200mm x 150mm x 27mm sections and are oiled on one side, so you can see what the worktop will look like after the necessary oil applications. Our solid oak cabinet panels come in fully finished 160mm X 80mm X 18mm sections. Both options cost £5 each (all in, for VAT and delivery!) You can also purchase sample deTerra doors: a mini door of 350mm (height) X 296mm, finished to your requirements - hand-finished in a Farrow & Ball colour of your choice, sanded or lacquered - from just £20. Bargain!
Best of all, the cost of your sample will be refunded if you go on to place an order - it's a win-win situation, which means it's definitely a no-brainer...
Shake the blues away with a deTerra cabinet door sample, which lets you try before you buy. Just let us know what you fancy and we'll get it sorted, no muss, no fuss!
Sneak preview it up with our solid oak cabinet samples - a super representation of our full sized cabinets. Available on our next-day delivery service and refundable against future orders.
Try before you buy with a solid wood worktop sample - a great representation of our full sized timbers. Available on our next-day delivery service and refundable against future orders.

subset: commoncrawl


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Beasley just finished up a monthlong stint at a substance-abuse center in Houston and announced that he had moved on from weed, Twitter and adolescence in general. Whether any of those things actually constituted a problem, however, is still unclear.
Beasley spoke with reporters earlier today. You can read Ira Winderman's account, but to get a full sense of the awkwardness in the room, just check out the transcript:
Q. Since we're not really familiar, and with the limitations on comments we've received, can you tell us, when you went to Houston, originally, what was the plan there and then what changed about the plan?
A. "I feel like that's going into a little too much detail. I was in Houston for quite a while. Halfway through the process, I was told I was going to be there for a while longer, and I got kind of upset. That's pretty much what I want to say."
Q. The Twitter postings, the picture, and all that, what was that a result of? Because there were strong comments there that led to concerns from people?
A. "I would like to start off by saying I'm not suicidal. And I never, ever thought about killing myself or doing anything like that. Those Tweets were miscommunications that were misunderstood. I think I kind of channeled my emotions and threw my emotions the wrong way. That was the day I was told I was going to be at the facility for 30 more days, on top of the days I already did, and I was pretty upset. That's what the Tweets came from."
Q. Because it's the Internet, because everything is available to everyone, there is a picture posted and then removed, with your tattoo on the back, with wild assumptions, clearly some of that had to get back to you. Were you surprised the people inspected it almost as if it was Houston CSI and looking at that picture and seeing what they thought. What was your reaction to the reaction?
A. "I was surprised, because I was just there to get a tattoo. I didn't know what was in the picture. Had I have known, the picture wouldn't have gone up. I saw the picture. I tried to analyze the picture myself. I couldn't tell what was in it. To this day, I don't know what was in it. But it wasn't mine. That was just me not being aware of my surroundings. I have to get better than that and stop putting myself in vulnerable situations."
Q. Does Michael Beasley have a substance-abuse problem?
A. "No sir."
There was also the following exchange:
Q. If you can get into it, what was your daily schedule like?
A. (Shakes head, turns to team media-relations official, does not answer.)
Q. Can you give some perspective, people were trying to figure the type of setting you were in, whether it was a hospital setting, whether it was a comfortable social setting, something more stern. When Michael Beasley was in in-patient rehab, the term we've used now for the month, what was that like? Was it a single-dorm room, a comfortable setting, a tense setting, people have different visions. Was it frightening? Was it scary?
A. "It was like the Four Seasons."
Q. Was it that nice, seriously?
A. " Seriously."
Q. And did you feel comfortable in there?
A. (Shoulder shrug, no answer.)
Not long ago, Henry Abbott at TrueHoop made a noble run at explaining the situation. Why was Beasley really in rehab? There was hushed talk of guns and cars and women. It made him sound like Bugsy Siegel, when all outward indications, to that point, suggested that he was merely a magnificently talented, probably stoned 20-year-old flake whose only real crime was the NBA felony of producing bad PR. Sports people have always overreacted to flakes, and I'd like to think that's all that was going on here. Beasley certainly sounds the part:
Q. Your SuperCoolBeas tattoo on your back, what was the inspiration for that, the placement for that on your body. Can you background what happened there?
A. "Because I'm super cool. What inspires any tattoos? And I had an open space on my back."
To which one can only respond: (shoulder shrug.)
Michael Beasley insists he has no drug, depression issues, vows to mature [South Florida Sun-Sentinel]
Michael Beasley's summer odyssey: In his own words [South Florida Sun-Sentinel]


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Top articles
Russia: Positions of Brewing Companies
Ukrainian beer market 2019: companies and brands
Brewing industry in Kazakhstan 2019
Cannabis: product that changes markets
Russian beer producers 2018 (catalogue/database MS Excel)
Dmitry Nekrasov's Philosophy — on the Past, Present and Future of Ukrainian Brewing IndustryA meeting with Dmitry Nekrasov always turns into a training course: "Introduction to brewing business". We are talking to a clever "playing trainer" a person that can be called a godfather of the Ukrainian craft. He has a dozen of successful projects to his name. Dmitry told us about craft beer in Ukraine, on market cycles, on specifity of operating in retail and HoReCa, on union of Ukrainian brewers and certainly, how a brewery of his own, First Dnipro Brewery is doing.
The market of import beer in Russia: review and databasesThe market of import beer is rapidly growing and changing. But while in the past years it was growing due to brands variety, in 2019 major and affordable brands from TOP-10 were developing actively. It seems that the fact of a brand origin from far abroad counties, even if it is not well known but has moderate price and good distribution provides for million liters of sales in the territory of Russia. Among distributors AB InBev Efes was far behind, yet the role of Baltika and suppliers of the second row got more important. The boom of German brands was followed by stagnation of import from other traditional regions (and Belarus) instead the supplies from Mexico, Lithuania and Asian countries grew considerably.
Russia: Positions of Brewing CompaniesThe review contains an analysis of interim performance of brewers in the first half of 2019. There are rather dynamic changes behind a modest industry growth. Baltika is again experiencing a stage of volumes and market share slid due to competition with AB InBev Efes. Because of the price competition and presence expansion in the modern trade company #2. has come close to the leading position. At the same time sales of Heineken Russia have continued growing which makes the premium part of the portfolio heavier. The market premiumization trend had been also confirmed by import brands. MBC and Zavod Trekhsosenskiy have been the most successful among federal market players. The market share of independent regional brewers and Ochakovo have continued falling as they are being squeezed out by the market leaders at their competitive fields.
Ukrainian beer market 2019: companies and brandsIn 2019 beer production and market have been still fluctuating about zero point. However, the past season was successful for brewers judging by the sales profitability. The price mix has improved due to rapid general market premiumization, as well as its particular aspect, the growth of import beer sales. By the season end AB InBev Efes improved its positions considerably. It turned out that consumers had not forgot Efes brands that had to leave the market, but started to recover rapidly. Against the stagnating market that meant sales decline of other companies, in the first place Carlsberg Group that most of all beneficiated from Efes exiting the market. PPB turned out to be stable to branding activity of its competitor and Obolon kept the same volumes and at the moment it is the absolute leader of the economy segment. The share growth of independent producers took place thanks to leading craft breweries, that so far do not have a big market weight, but they are rapidly gaining it.
Brewing industry in Kazakhstan 2019During the first half of 2019, the majority of Kazakh brewers made their contribution into positive dynamics. Yet it was companies of the lower division, not the two transnational leaders that raised their production and sales. The shares of draft beer and aluminum can which is rapidly squeezing glass bottle out of the market, have been growing. The price segmentation has remained stable despite the substantial rise of retail prices and fluctuations of brand market shares, while the borders between segments have become blurred. The main events in the industry have been: the announced revision of the beer excise policy, launch of BeerKhan brand in the strong beer segment, and most important – purchasing assets of Shymkentbeer by Arasan.
The trend of complication of Russian beer market is going on and in several directions at the same time. The range has got wider, the import and small segments are growing, namely craft beer, alcohol-free beer and special flavor beer. At the same time, all ex-mega brands and light lagers by Russian brewers are experiencing a decline of their shares. AB InBev Efes, Heineken, MBC and Pivzavod Trekhsosenskiy have exceeded the market, Carlsberg was developing slower than the market and Ochakovo as well as some other mid-sized breweries have been cutting down their volumes. To a big extent brewers' performance was connected to their ability to reach agreement with networks, sacrifice their margin and enter new markets. Craft brewers are facing a serious danger of producers' registration introduction – de facto licensing. ...
India. Carlsberg plant at Mysuru to be ready next year
Carlsberg India is setting up one of its largest beer manufacturing facilities in Mysuru district of Karnataka.
Under construction, it will have annual production capacity of 80 million litres and be ready next year, Michael N Jensen, managing director, Carlsberg India, told this newspaper.
The company's presence in the southern markets is lower than its foothold in the northern part. Carlsberg is the third largest beer maker in the country, with 15.7 per cent of the market.
The UB Group's Kingfisher has 52 per cent, followed by SABMiller at 25 per cent.
Unlike other markets, Carlsberg in India had been focusing on specific cities to grow sales.
Currently the company targets 140 cities. Its presence in the northern part is backed by seven manufacturing units (including that of co-packers).
The markets in the south remain under-supplied, with a plant each in Chennai and Hyderabad.
Once operational, the Mysuru plant will help Carlsberg increase its sales and become the second largest player in the market, Jensen hopes. "We've been in the Indian market for over nine years and achieved the number three position within the first four years," he said.
Annual per capita beer consumption is less than two litres a year in India, compared to 32 litres in China and 43 in Japan.
About 85 per cent of the beer sold in the country are strong, with alcohol levels between five and eight per cent.
Tuborg, a Carlsberg brand, is the second largest selling, after Kingfisher.
28 Июн. 2016


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Gschlueter necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 37 diseños de 10 diseñadores freelance.
Lighting Women's Lives (REF: http://www.mcwerie.org)
Mercy Center for Women (Erie, Pa) is an organization committed to transforming the lives of women. MCW takes in women in real need, houses them and provides real-life skills that equip them to be successful in life. We want to engage the entire community in this mission - a new logo/bi-line is the first step of an expansive campaign. Existing site: http://www.mcwerie.org/
My companies, IDVidPro.com, Keys2Heaven.com, ErieAlityTV.com, and IDGenesys.com have contributed to the successes of many INSPIRATIONAL MAJOR MEDIA projects and ORGANIZATIONS (Disney's Narnia, Warner Brothers' Superman Returns, A&E's God or the Girl, ABC's Extreme Makeover: Home Edition). We are committed to setting a standard for excellence, and are always interested in incorporating new talent for a variety of high-impact projects.
Please address questions specifically referring to this project to: Greg Schlueter, firstname.lastname@example.com
Our primary target is women with discretionary income and talents who want to aid in this mission (ages 35-70, income $50K+++/year, minimal college education, have community sensibilities and leadership). [certainly, we also want to engage men and others outside this primary target who will become benefactors]
Secondarily, the entire community. There will be substantial, additional campaign "build" following this logo/bi-line branding that engages the entire community in the mission.
The winning designer will:
(1) Incorporate the name ("Mercy Center for Women"), with the bi-line ("Lighting Women's Lives"), into a powerful, unique, coherent symbol blending woman, flame and home;
(this will be used with video deliverables that convey the power of one "light"/candle being extended to others, and in turn to others, that lights an entire community. The light corresonds to both a woman "client" and an invitation to the community- to be that light to them.)
(2) Feel free to offer multiple variations and/or instances in terms of color, style, font or etc.;
(3) Be open to "tweaking" feedback without guarantee of final selection (we are respectful of your time and will not request tweaks unless you're in the ball park);
(4) In general, we want this to have a feminine appeal in style. Not looking for cheap, clip art! A good integration of woman, flame, home! Want it to be simple but not necessarily simplistic;
(5) Make available all source files (Adobe Illustrator, etc.) "free and clear";
DEADLINE for FIRST CONSIDERATION: Friday, January 29.
FINAL DUE (subsequent to tweak-requests): Friday, February 12
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Here at SONT (Sports on Tap) we try to provide the best sports culture. And part of sports culture for a lot of people is not only just analysis on all the major sports but also girls who look great. So each and everyday we showcase girls from around the world that look amazing.
Today we meet Cristina who is a gorgeous Instagram influencer from Italy. You are going to love her because she is drop dead gorgeous! To follow her on Instagram scroll down to the bottom of the page.
Continue: More Pictures of Cristina


text: 20 Black Leaders to Follow for Career Inspiration Posted on February 6, 2018 by Team FindSpark Reply Jesse Owens said, "We all have dreams. In order to make dreams come into reality, it takes an awful lot of determination, dedication, self-discipline, and effort." The individuals chosen for this list inspire the FindSpark Community with their hard work and professional accomplishments. Angela Fisher Title: Founder and CEO of


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Harry Connick Jr Gossip
Harry Connick Jr gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
Smutty Social Media, Friday October 9, 2015
Selena's album is out, and all I've been hearing about is Justin Bieber's penis. Coincidence or conspiracy, millennial edition? The roomie/bae loves me (just for us) 😍 I'm FREAKING OUT. The album is out!!!! Revival!!!! Full Story
American Idol Eye Shadow
Steve Granitz/ Kevin Winter/ David Livingston/ Getty Images
Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban, Harry Connick Jr, and Ryan Seacrest were at the American Idol finalists' party yesterday. People keep talking about the show's declining ratings but they're still averaging 10+ million a week. I don't think that's an emergency. And that doesn't mean I'm advocating for its continued existence either. Full Story
Mimi Shuts Down Harry Connick Jr.
Cindy Ord/ Getty
Like the guy who brings a stick of butter to nuclear weapon fight, Harry Connick Jr. is now trying to throw down with Mariah Carey and failing hard. In case you missed it, the backstory is that Mariah was on Hot 97 the other day and said that working on Idol was "hell", which is very believable and the most interesting thing anyone who works for American Idol has said since 1962. Full Story
Best Couple: Harry Connick Jr & Jill Goodacre
Damn. Jill"s aging well, don"t you think? As for Harry, I"m not the biggest fan, mostly because I find him a tad one dimensional but still…he"s certainly not offensive and given the fact that he"s been with the same woman with relatively little infidelity gossip - on both sides - I"d say he deserves our admiration all the same. Full Story


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J&P Cycles Part Number: 160-0285
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It is the customer's responsibility to refer to their owners manual for proper size, load and speed ratings for their specific motorcycle before choosing a tire. J&P Cycles® is not liable or responsible whatsoever for any claims for damages or injury subsequent to the fitting of tires.
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How can we help you today?


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Heiniger's Mohair Shearing Comb
Common Uses
- Fiber goats
- Llamas
- Alpacas
- 17 teeth
- 3.5 mm thick
- 90 mm wide
- Made by Heiniger
- Fits Premier's 4000s or any 3" shearing head.
How to Use
Storing the Clipper/Shearer, Blades, Combs & Cutters
- Remove blades/combs/cutters from clipper or shearer.
- Clean blades/combs/cutters immediately after use by using a small brush or blowing off any excess dirt or hair. Cover with oil to reduce risk of rust. High carbon steel clipper blades will rust overnight. Rust destroys both edge and polished surface of blades.
- Store clipper/shearer and blades away from solvents, chemicals and moisture. Never leave them where they can be damaged by accidental impact. (We offer a storage box and wool felt for the blades and a case for the clippers.)
Sharpening and Cleaning
- To reproduce the quality of the cutting edge on the clipper blades that came from the factory, a lapping machine must be used. Most other methods are, in our experience, inferior. In addition to producing a cutting edge that won't last, some methods can permanently damage blades. The most common "culprit" is using large high speed grinding wheels that are used to sharpen cutters and combs.
- Who uses lapping machines and who does not? Premier does and you can ship them to us. Other firms also use systems/machines that work well.
Warning: Clipper blades/cutters/combs that have been sharpened by inferior methods or inexperienced people may be damaged to such an extent that they can never be restored to a satisfactory cutting capability. The same is true of blades that have become too heavily pitted by rust.
- Make sure the comb & cutter are on as described in the instructions.
- Make sure the comb name can be read on outside when placed on head.
- Make sure to have 1/8" space from end of comb (bevel) to tip of cutter.
- Make sure the edge of the cutter does not go over the side of the comb.
- Make sure the tension is set correctly.
Listed below are recommended optional components or related items. Your particular situation may require alternative recommendations. Please call and talk to our consultants if there are any questions at 800-282-6631.
#10 White Clipping Oil, 8 oz btl.Item #258300 -
A high-quality clipping and shearing oil to lubricate blades, combs & cutters.$4.00
Comb ScrewdriverItem #824600 -
For securing combs to shearing machines. Provides more leverage than a normal screwdriver and fits comb screws on all major shearing units.$3.00
Premier Comb/Cutter BoxItem #824606 -
Keep expensive combs & cutters clean, safe, lubricated and organized.$3.00
Professional Shears
Spitfire CutterItem #850000 -
Standard 4 point cutter for shearing machines. Works well with Premiers combs and shearing heads.$7.00
Combs and Cutters - Large
Ceramic CutterItem #850040 -
Holds cutting edge up to 3 times as long as normal cutters.$15.50
Combs and Cutters - Large
Comb LifterItem #862700 -
For use with a shearing comb. Designed to leave a longer cut.$5.00
Resharpening Service
Imprinting of LARGE clipper blades, combs or cutters (each)Item #868600 -
Resharpen your blades, combs or cutters. Rapid turnaround, precision finish, low cost! Custom-engraving available.$1.50
Write a Review
You must be logged in to leave a review. Please sign in.
Helen B from Georgia
Glad I purchased the blade to shear my angoras. Helped cut to just the right length. The only thing is the instructions are not clear on the position of the blade. The video clarified the correct placement as the blade needs to sit just right work correctly.
Rachel H from Michigan
This comb was exactly what we were hoping for. We have three pygora goats and are still learning as we go. First time shearing them was in the spring with a different comb and we gave cut one of the boys on accident, it was more than just a little nick too... this comb was recommended by a friend and it is the best thing we could hope for - will definitely recommend to others!!
Connie G
I have two Angora goats and this comb worked wonderfully. Easy to switch out! I am not a professional shearer and found the whole setup a bit intimidating at first. Once I started I could not believe I had ever used anything else! It worked through super fine kid hair and thick greasy, matted coarser hair.
Benjamin R
I am a professional shearer and I shear alot more Angora goats and Llamas than I used to. The Heiniger mohair comb is the best thing I've used yet. A 20T is safe, but slow and har to get through cerrain types and conditions in angora's. A 13T flair is fast and easy entering, but even an expeirienced shearer is more likely to get knicks. The mohair comb is fast entering and with moderate expeirience you won't have to worry about cut's or knicks. If you have angora's I highly recoment this comb. Also verry nice on Llamas too.


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These games teach valuable skills and have a high fun and educational rating.
Your child develops punctuation skills by fixing the grammar in sentences and finding Dr. Know It All.
Your child develops reading and word recognition skills as they play on a game show with Moose and Zee.
Your child develops his or her counting abilities by helping Elmo and Grover make lemonade.
Your child watches a surprising science experiment in which you can make water go from one glass to another without pouring it.
Your child develops an understanding of the different food groups and healthy eating by sorting different types of foods and adding them to the plate.
Your child watches a surprising science experiment about a leak proof bag based on the properties of the plastic.
Your child develops dance and movement skills as well as an understanding of reusing materials to create music by watching this video with the cast members of the musical Stomp.
Your child develops an understanding of math and ordinal numbers by observing two pictures and choosing the correct one before time runs out.
Your child develops an understanding of quantity and representation of equal forms of the same number by placing together a certain number of sandwiches using the correct numbers.
Your child develops abstract thinking and counting skills by connecting the dots and solving puzzles.
Zoodles 11.8.7 Copyright (c) 2014 Inquisitive Minds, Inc. All rights reserved.


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We are having some patio doors fitted and they are rebated.
- The doors open outwards
- The left-hand door opens first
We would like to fit a narrowstile lock with a roller (rather than a catch) and I do not know the answer to the following:
- Which door should the lock be set into?
- Rebate kits for locks come in left-handed and right-handed form. Given that I have a roller lock, do I care about whether I need a left- or right-hand rebate kit?


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Fireless Candles, Lanterns & More
This is an all wax red candle that is lightly cinnamon scented.
Candle uses 2 "D" batteries and features a 5 hour timer and remote control option.
Average battery life is 720 hours.
Remotes are sold separately.
This candle is for indoor use only.
90-day Limited Manufacturer's Warranty
©Copyright 2020
Twigs Candles specializes in
Fireless Candles,
Flameless Candles,
Rechargeable Candles, and lanterns to accent your home & garden.
We are also pleased to offer Mason Jar
Lanterns and Mason Jar Lamps to add to your home, office, or outdoor area decor.


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| 13.4°C Belfast
London Irish have announced the signing of England international Luke Narraway from Perpignan.
The 30-year-old, capped seven times by England, has signed a two-year deal with the Irish after spending the last two seasons in France.
He previously played for Gloucester and made over 163 appearances, winning the European Challenge Cup and the LV=Cup.
Narraway said he had been convinced to join the Irish by their plans for the future.
"There has been a lot of positive news to come out of London Irish over the last six months, not least with the announcement of the new Board of Directors and the move to a new state of the art training ground," he said. "I'm excited with the direction the club are heading and I'm looking forward to being a part of their plans."
Brian Smith, London Irish director of rugby, said: "Luke is a talented player with a huge amount of Premiership experience. As a club, we want to be challenging for silverware and we need the right types of player to achieve those goals. I had the pleasure of working with Luke in the England set up and look forward to doing so again next season. He has bought into what we want to accomplish and therefore is a perfect fit for London Irish."


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Astralis - Unique piece - Sun
Astralis Sun is a unique piece representing the Sun, the star at the centre of our Solar System, whose enormous effect on our planet has been recognised since prehistoric times.
Astralis Sun features a 24-hour planetarium housing exceptional meteorites, each one symbolising important galactic bodies: Mars, Mercury, the Moon and, of course, the Sun.
Regulated by an intricately-engineered tourbillon, Astralis Sun also features a split-second, column-wheel chronograph, its complex mechanism beguiling the viewer through the display back.
The planetarium at 6 o'clock contains four highly-polished precious meteorites – Dhofar 459, Itqiy, Sahara 99555 and Jiddat al Harasis 479 – respectively denoting the Earth's Moon, the Sun and the planets Mercury and Mars.
These fragments of rare galactic rock are all unique, set into a scintillating aventurine disc that makes one whole revolution per day.
Across the dial, between 11 and 12 o'clock, is the 60-second tourbillon escapement mounted in a rotating cage majestically supported by a highly-polished, Y-shaped bridge.
Gilded Gouttes de Rosée hands indicate hours and minutes while the central chronograph seconds hand is complemented by a split-second chronograph hand adorned with a shooting star, the pusher for which is integrated into the crown. At 3 o'clock is a 30-minute chronograph counter.
The ensemble of indications is framed within the regal 18k white gold case.
Turning Astralis Sun over, the chronograph column wheel and split-second 'scorpion' clamps – providing ultra smooth functionality – can be glimpsed through the display back along with a plate engraved with planets which, together with the gold chaton and blued screws, evoke a beautiful night sky.
Astralis Sun is presented in a resin-cast planetoidal box, handcrafted by artist Jean-Yves Kervévan. The quartet of Astralis unique pieces – Mars, Mercury, Moon and Sun – is housed in a stylish, leather-bound wooden cabinet.
Technical specifications
A unique piece, Astralis Sun is a split-second chronograph featuring a 24-hour planetarium with real meteorite fragments, each representing an important body in our solar system: Mars, Mercury, the Moon and the Sun.
Features and indications
Movement and Finishing
Strap and buckle
Presentation box


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Filed Under (Harley Davidson) by admin on 31-10-2010
in Vivid Black with blue and silver pinstripes, six-speed. Air-cooled, Twin Cam 96™ engine with Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI), ABS, security system, cast wheels with independent front and rear 4-piston braking system. Motorcycle generously donated by Harley-Davidson Motor Company Police & Fleet Sales. MSRP excludes all taxes title/documentary fees, registration, tags, dealer prep, labor and installation charges, insurance, optional equipment and accessories, certificate of compliance or non-compliance fees, and finance charges. Delivery must be coordinated through Rockville Harley-Davidson by November 30, 2010. Winner is responsible for any applicable fees above. 6,000 tickets printed. Odds of winning are 1:6,000. Ticket holder need not be present to win. Licensed by the D.C. Lottery and Charitable Games Control Board. Must be 18 years or older to win. No substitutes, return for cash, or other models. As per IRS tax code, amounts paid for chances in a raffle do not qualify as a deductible charitable contribution. Taxes on prizes are the responsibility of the winner. Harley-Davidson is proud to be a sponsor of the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. Harley-Davidson Motor Company is a prize provider only, and Harley-Davidson, Inc., and Harley-Davidson Motor Company have no responsibility regarding conduct or administration of the raffle.


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Hot Tub & Spa Dealership Opportunities
* Speak to our global new dealer sales manager now: 1-800-309-1744 *
Our products make people feel good – they can't help it! Soaking stress away in a hot tub or splashing around in a swim spa feels great no matter who you are. The daily satisfaction you get by providing such great feelings is much more rewarding than selling typical franchise products like burgers and oil changes.
But good feelings don't pay the bills.
That's where we can help: Our brands are recognized worldwide and have a reputation for quality and good value. We also provide training, logistical, and technical support – for free.
No franchise fees, strict license requirements, professional credentials, or prior experience is needed. All you really need is an entrepreneurial spirit and a little capital to get started. We provide the quality products, sales training, service training, business coaching, and logistical support. It typically costs less to start an Arctic Spa dealership than it does to start a coffee shop! The timing for this business is perfect.
Commercial property prices are down, and people are investing more in their home – not new vacation homes, bigger homes, or expensive family vacations. The doom and gloom economy news is causing families to invest in their nest. It's a win-win scenario – our customers lives do actually improve because the decrease in physical and mental stress that our products provide has a huge impact on a persons overall health and well-being.
This is not a franchise. We do not charge any fees for selling our brands. We supply independent local businesses who answer only to themselves. We provide great products and excellent marketing, training, and logistical support. We have hundreds of dealers in dozens of countries now, and growing. But there are still thousands of dealership opportunities available and we are actively seeking new dealers all over the world.
This is a great business opportunity and so much more than a typical hot tub dealership so if you need a change, contact us right now with no cost or obligation.
Listen to a successful Arctic Spa dealer talk about his 29 years in the business and how he grew his business 300% in 5 years:
Listen Here
We're continuing our bonus content from EntreLeadership Summit with a lesson from Dave Ramsey on something that affects every single one of us: market disruption. Regardless of the business you're in, change is the only constant in today's marketplace.
And if you want to survive, complacency is not an option. Tune in as Dave details the three things to avoid if you want to stay a step ahead of your competition. We'll also hear incredible testimonies from two of this year's 2,300 Summit attendees.
The first comes from Christian Staples, owner of Arctic Spas, who has grown his business over 300% since discovering EntreLeadership five years ago.
Next, PDG + Creative owner Andrew Oleson will explain how attending multiple EntreLeadership events has helped him transform his company's culture and more than double his business. Get ready to be inspired!
Here is what people have to say about Arctic Spas!
Hi My name is Kristi DeMoisy, and my family owns Mauls Highlakes Spas in Bend Oregon. Mauls sells Arctic Spas, and has been working with Arctic for as long as I can remember. Arctic Spas are such a great product that we feel they sell themselves. It is so awesome to work with a product that has the support system of Artics staff, the yearly meetings for continued learning and excellent product they build. And no one... read more
Jim from Arctic Spas Kitchener. I have been a happy Arctic Spas dealer since 2012. I have been impressed with the Arctic Spa brand and their commitment to quality and to customer service. I am also very proud to be at the front of hot tub innovation. The Spaboy product is truly one of a kind, and makes maintaining the hot tub very simple.
Honestly I have never worked for a company with more integrity and heart then the Team and Owners of Arctic Spas. This is truly an amazing Canadian Owned and Operated company that has stood Strong on Quality Workmanship and Free from cheap Standards that other corporations use in hot tub manufacturing. Weather you want: The most Technologically AdvancedOR Most Low maintenanceOR The Highest Efficiency even through the harshest of Climates OR The Most incredible Hydrotherapy JetsOR The most amazing Natural... read more
Our company Complete Leisure Supplies, based just outside of Dublin, Ireland have been in the leisure business since 1998. Last year we became Arctic Spa Dealers. Its the best business decision we have ever made, the Arctic Spa product is unbeatable, the backup from Arctic Spas is second to none in our 20 years experience in the industry. We love the innovation that Arctic Spas bring the industry especially 'Spa Boy'.
När ni uppskattar kvalitet, massage och låga driftskostnader och långa garantier, så är det Arctic Spa's som gäller �Och framför allt Spaboy det helautomatiserade saltreningssystem som även är appstyrt, så ni har koll på erat spa vart än i världen ni är.Arctic Spa's No 1Auktoriserad Arctic Spa's handlare i SverigeArctic Spa NorrPool pro Scandinavia ABKryddstigen 880292 GävleSwedenFacebook : Arctic Spa Norr
I have been an Arctic Spa Dealer since 1999. Having sold other brands previously and servicing them, there is no other Hot Tub in this industry that I want to sell and service than an Arctic Spa! They are Canadian made and engineered and designed for our Canadian climates to be the Worlds most Energy Efficient Hot Tub. Arctic Spas also have the most Advanced Salt System called "Spaboy" not to mention great Warranty, with 5 yrs on Parts and... read more
Being an Arctic Spas dealer for 6+ years now has been the best decision we could have ever made. We used to be a Sundance dealer for many years, until we were given the opportunity to take over the local Arctic Spas dealership. Providing customers with a quality made, Canadian built product makes going to work every day enjoyable. Having customers come in day after day, telling us how happy they are with the hydro therapy and ease of use... read more
We have been an Arctic Spa dealer since 2008. We chose them because of their unique construction & quality of their spas. Built in northern Alberta for extreme Canadian winters is also a bonus! As a manufacturer they have been a great company to do business with & we owe a lot of our success to Arctic Spas.Neil & Coralie/Valley Spas Invermere
We've been selling and servicing Arctic Spas for years now. We did a lot of research before choosing a hot tub for our family. We were invited to see Arctic Spas at the pool and spa expo in Las Vegas many years ago and Arctic Spas made a lot of sense for us especially in our cold climate. I can honestly say with advancements like Spa Boy Arctic Spas has been ahead of the curve on product development. No gimmicks... read more
Arctic Spas since 2003! You will own the worlds most efficient, highest quality and most comfortable spa. Why settle for less? E J Payne Hot Tubs Staffordshire has been working with Arctic for many many years now. We offer Arctic as we truly believe you cannot buy a better quality spa from anywhere else. Now with the revolutionary Spaboy Arctic's are unbeatable!! #goarctic
I have been an Arctic Spa Dealer since 1999. Having sold other brands previously and servicing them, there is no other Hot Tub in this industry that I want to sell and service than an Arctic Spa! They are Canadian made and engineered and designed for our Canadian climates to be the Worlds most Energy Efficient Hot Tub. Arctic Spas also have the most Advanced Salt System called "Spaboy" not to mention great Warranty, with 5 yrs on Parts and... read more
I have been involved with Arctic Spas since inception and I truly believe they are the best product on the market. They are built with outstanding raw materials, utilize innovative design and promote ease of use and longevity. We just opened our second store on Vancouver Island in Parksville, and our first store is in Duncan. Looking at opening store three in Victoria later this year! Best of all is the owners of this company care about their dealers and... read more
My company (DeVaders Pools & Spas, Inc.) have bought and sold Arctic Spas since 1998. As a matter of fact we are one of the first Dealers that Arctic Spas setup in the United States. We have enjoyed the experience along the way and wouldn't consider another brand in our showroom. Their spas are top notch in every way, and as a manufacturer they make a point to stand behind their product.
I have been selling Arctic Spas in Norway and Sweden since 1997. We love the way Arctic Spas is built for our cold climate. The unique factory support makes it easy for dealers like us to deliver first class service to Arctic spas owners. SpaBoy has taken our customer support to the next level - where we take all the spas online and monitor and pro-active service our customers 24/7/365.
Sara and I became Arctic Spas dealers in 2005. Our primary attraction was the care and attention that Arctic Spas puts into each and every aspect of an Arctic Spa. We firmly believe that with the development of the Onzen and subsequently SpaBoy technologies, Arctic Spas has moved themselves and us as dealers to the forefront of the hot tub industry.
As a new dealer of Arctic Spas, we have been very successful in providing the latest technology and the most durable and reliable hot tub to the Bozeman area. SPABOY is revolutionary and our customers demand him and rely on him to keep their tub in peak condition. The customer support team has always been available to truly understand our needs and have gone above and beyond to ensure 100% customer satisfaction.
We have been a dealer for over a year now and the dealer services that Arctic Spas has with their dealers is great! The spas are very well made and run perfectly in our climate. We have extreme cold and extreme windchills(-40 to -50)and deep snow in north central Montana. Very glad that we have become a dealer with Arctic Spas!
I have been a member of the Arctic family for 14 years now. This organization is the very best at what they do. I am proud to sell the most energy efficient spa available. They go out of their way to make sure both the customer and their dealers have everything they need to enjoy the Arctic experience!
Being in the swimming pool business for over 20 years I have sold many different brands of spa. I was tired of having the "same ol same ol" as an option for my customers. I have aligned my company with the best products in the market and was missing the mark with the hot tubs we were offering until I joined the Arctic family. I researched many brands and Arctic simply kept rising to the top with all my comparisons.... read more
I have been an Arctic Spas dealer for several years now and they are a great company to deal with. Arctic Spas ~ Great Company Support & A Great Partnership!Arctic Spas ~ In a Class of its own! I love these spas and give top rating. Arctic Spas are built outstanding ~ Energy Efficient, Superior Durability, Quality, Easy Care & Maintenance!The SpaTacular Team loves Arctic Spa! No other product compares to Arctic Spa ~ A Canadian Product!Happy Tubbin'!! � �
I've been involved with Arctic Spas since 2001, it has been a pleasure to work with them. They have an amazing product. We service every brand, and there is none that are as easy to work with as Arctic Spas. The new spaboy salt system is the best thing since sliced bread, absolutely incredible! I'd recommend Arctic Spas for anyone interested in a comfortable and durable spa!
We Love Arctic Spas! Great people, great service & great spas!! We have been a dealer for over 15 years and we couldn't wait to all purchase one of our own Arctic tubs. Arctic Spas (Blue Falls) is truly an innovative company, carrying the latest in technology. The Spa Boy automated salt system is a great example of this. We look forward to being a dealer for many more years!!
We have been an Arctic Dealer for 6 years. We dropped a long line of mid-level spas for what we consider a luxury spa line. As a dealer we have felt welcomed into the Arctic Family with open arms. We can tell that the company is really working to help us succeed. We made a great move to Arctic Spas
I have ben an Arctic Spa dealer since 1999 in Summit County Colorado. I am currently expanding to Denver, CO. I love this product as it's built like a brick house! Spa Boy is the greatest thing since sliced bread! It has pretty much no chemical smell and my wife loves it as her skin stays nice and soft.
In 1998, we bought our first hot tub for our Arctic Spa dealership in Fort St. John Now twenty years later, a business that started out of our garage now services the North & South Peace areas of British Columbia. We love being a part of the Arctic Spa Family and if you are thinking about becoming a dealer - please consider Arctic Spas. Arctic Spas is a innovated company always striving to be better that... read more
We have been selling Arctic Spas for over 23 years. We've sold and serviced many other brands as well and can say without a doubt that Arctic Spas are the best. They are truly built for the harshest climates. As a manufacturer, they stand behind their product. Cheers to the last 23 plus years and to many more!Jim and Michelle Coconut Bay SpasThunder Bay, Ontario Canada �
I Have been with the Arctic Spa Family since 2000. Even helped build the new factory, In Thorsby Alberta, Had such a great experience doing that and got along so well with all the fantastic people that work there and build these awesome spas that I decided to make working for Arctic Spas my lifetime goal, well its been 18 years now and still at it, I took on a managerial job in 2014 and moved out to Langley... read more
I purchased an Arctic Spas Hot tub in 2010 following 6 months of detailed research into many brand hot tubs I was so impressed with the product and the Desire of the Arctic Spas Family to continue to enhance their product through research and development I became a small dealer in Australia offering the opportunity for other Australians to purchase a real hot tub that is built like a brick hit house, performs and runs on the smell of an... read more
I have worked for Arctic Spas for almost 10 years now. I can not say enough good things about the company, how they treat their dealers and their customers. Then go beyond that to create one of the most hydro efficient tubs on the market and never stop looking for ways to improve the company, it's product, and it's support of customers. I look forward to working for Arctic Spas until I retire.
Do you want to retail a product that has tons of features like these?
Spa Boy®
Automated Spa Water Testing & Management
No more test strips and no more manual dosing of sanitizer!
The most important water maintenance factors (pH and sanitizer level) are now measured every few seconds using medical grade sensors though our automated technology.
The results are transmitted to the spa control center and displayed in an easy to read format on the spa topside, app, and your Arctic Spa web portal. On top of that, Spa Boy® integrates with the Onzen salt water system to adjust the sanitizer level via automated technology.
The result? Consistently clear, safe spa water that smells and feels fantastic, with an absolute minimum of effort.
Mylovac™ Covers
- 2lb Foam inserts, Mylovac wrapped to resist moisture intrusion
- 5/4" Taper profile to shed water
- Integrated metal C-channel for additional strength: 2000lb. payload
- Marine-grade vinyl, double stitched
- These are heavy duty covers, designed and constructed for life in harsh climates.
Forever Floor®
- Our Forever Floor is constructed with fiberglass composites, creating an incredibly rigid and impervious base for your Arctic Spa.
- Install your spa on any level surface, no need to pour a concrete pad.
- Completely sealed against moisture, pests and built to last a lifetime.
Total Access®
- Both our signature western Red Cedar cabinets and our new Classic No Maintenance composite cabinets allow for unrestricted access to all equipment from all sides.
- Insulated and removable access panels provide a simple and convenient means to troubleshoot or upgrade your spa.
FreeHeat® Insulation with Ross Exhaust
- No expenses spared polyurethane foam perimeter insulation on cabinet walls and floor, coupled with the best cover in the industry creates an insulated cocoon.
- No insulation on the shell, allowing true heat transfer from all heat producing equipment
- All equipment is within the insulated space, offering true, real world freeze protection and stable operating temperatures.
- Ross Exhaust evacuates excess heat only when required.
Do you want to retail a product that has dozens of features like these?
Arctic Spas is looking for new dealers. Contact us for great new dealer incentives.


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PCL accepted for Google Summer Of Code (GSOC) 2011
Posted by Radu B. Rusu |
PCL got accepted as one of the projects for the Google Summer Of Code (GSOC) 2011. Our PCL GSOC web site is available at http://socghop.appspot.com/gsoc/org/google/gsoc2011/pcl.
The URLs containing the correct information for GSOC 2011 are:
If you're interested to see what PCL can already do, please check out our documentation, and our Youtube channel. More demos coming soon!
Prospective students are encouraged to contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com, and/or via IRC, or our other communication channels. Please do not e-mail the mentors directly. We hope that with your help, we will make PCL a better product. Thank you!


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48 hour 8 day Intensive driving course
This two week intensive driving course includes:
- Double your chances of a first time pass with free unlimited access to Theory Test Pro training, support and practice tests for 28 days
- Free driving theory test
- Driving Theory Test appointment usually about 14 days after booking course at a test centre near you.
- £23 deposit discount if not required
- Free practical driving test
- Usually booked for the last afternoon of your course unless you request otherwise
- Use of your instructor's car for the test is presumed but at the instructor's discretion
- 48 hours one to one in car driving tuition with a fully qualified local independent DVSA approved driving instructor
- pick up and drop off from your home
Pass first time or we pay for your next test!
We are so confident that you will pass your practical driving test first time with this 8 day / 48 hour intensive driving course we will pay for your next test
We will book a standard weekday test for as soon as possible at the same test centre.
You are free to change the appointment via the DVSA test booking service.
The small print
- your instructor's car must be used for the first test
- you email MyDrivingInstructor.co.uk the result of your test within 14 days
- MyDrivingInstructor.co.uk must book the test for you.
Who is the 8 day / 48 hour intensive driving course for?
If you can answer yes to all of the following this course should suit you
- I like learning
- I want to be a confident driver and pass my driving test as soon as possible
- I have had no driving tuition at all yet
Advice regarding the suitability of courses should be considered an approximate guideline at best. Your course will be strictly one to one, tailored to your individual strengths.
About your intensive driving course
Course days are normally Monday to Friday. Each day of this intensive driving course will usually be 6 hours total driving time. No more than 2 hours without at least a 15 minute break and at least a 1 hour lunch break. All between 8 am and 6pm. Exact schedule to be agreed with your driving course instructor who will contact you at least 14 days before the start of your course to introduce him or her self and confirm the details.
To prepare you for your practical driving test, your instructor may carry out part of the training around your test centre area and include a mock driving test. During a mock test your instructor will talk and act just as the examiner will on your test day. So when you take your test for real, it will feel as if you have already done a test so you can relax and drive to the best of your ability.
Your Practical Driving test
Your Practical Driving Test will normally be arranged for the last afternoon of your intensive driving course if possible. If that is not possible the last day may be held over until the actual test day. It is not possible to book a practical test until the theory has been passed so it is essential that you tell us you have passed the theory test as soon as possible to avoid unnecessary delay between the end of your course and your practical driving test.
Your practical driving test will be booked at a nearby driving test centre.


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Instagram's Square Photo Tyranny Has Been Abolished
Good news photographers, Instagram's UI now supports landscape- and portrait-oriented images—and video!—making it easier and less cumbersome to compose that perfect shot.
Top 10 mistakes Node.js Developers Make
Node.js has seen an important growth in the past years, with big companies such as Walmart or PayPal adopting it. More and more people are picking up Node and publishing modules to NPM at such a pace that exceeds other languages.
Uber hires the Jeep Cherokee hackers
The hack of a Jeep Cherokee was the most significant car hacking story to break recently. Now the guys responsible will work for Uber.
Uber snatched up Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek, the hackers who exposed a serious security vulnerability in Fiat Chrysler (FCA) vehicles, which resulted in the first ever recall for potential car hacking, on Friday, reports Reuters.
And finally a bit of humor…
As developers we can also have a bit of fun too. Popular blogging platform Medium got into the spirit with a clever App Store update.
About Xform Computing
Xform delivers the power of cloud-hosted desktops and applications to iPad, iPhone and Android phones and tablets. Xform has Cloud clusters deployed in the US and Europe. With over 1.5 million virtual desktops created and streamed to customer's PC's and mobile devices, Xform's apps include VirtualBrowser for Firefox, VirtualBrowser for Chrome, Private Anonymous Browser and AlwaysOnPC. The apps are sold in the iTunes App Store, Google Play, Amazon Apps, and other marketplaces.
Learn more about our products here: http://www.xformcomputing.com or click on the app links on the right hand side.
Tags: App Store, Evernote, Instagram, Instapic, Instasquare, iOS, iPhone 6, Medium, Nodejs, Ride Sharing, Save to Pocket, SF Tech, Uber, Weekend Reading
Posted in: AlwaysOnPC , AlwaysOnPC for iOS , Android , Announcements , External content , Private Anonymous Browser , Users , Virtual-Browser for Chrome , Virtual-Browser for Firefox


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Custom finder charts for solar system objects
Finder chart
Limiting magnitude
Showing stars down to mag –
Current mouse positionAz: – Alt: – RA: – Dec: –
The chart above is based on the DE405 planetary ephemeris computed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Asteroid positions are computed from orbital elements made available by Ted Bowell at the Lowell Observatory. Comet positions are computed from orbital elements published by the Minor Planet Center (MPC).
Star positions and magnitudes were taken from the Hipparcos, Tycho, Tycho-2 and Gaia DR1 catalogs.


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1 cup sour cream
1/2 cup milk
1/4 cup light brown sugar
1/4 cup heavy cream
1 teaspoon vanilla
Place all ingredients in a blender. Blend until it looks smooth and the sugar has dissolved. Refrigerate the mixture until thoroughly chilled (a few hours) or overnight. Pour into a ice cream maker and churn until frozen. Eat immediately or freeze until just solid and scoopable.
Yield: 1 pint
Note: I used 2% milk and reduced fat sour cream with great success.


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Every day people say, "I wrote some blogs" — when they mean, "I wrote some posts." Grr. Folks, learn the terms. A blog is the whole thing and a post is one story. Just like a newspaper is the whole thing and an article is one story. You wouldn't say, "I wrote a newspaper" when you meant, "I wrote an article in a newspaper." […]
Tag Archives: blog posts
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