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Calculating the % variance explain
Mplus Discussion
Exploratory Factor Analysis
posted on Thursday, December 30, 1999 - 8:40 am
From the information given in the EFA output can I calculate % variance explained? If so, could you tell me how (or provide me with a reference)?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Thursday, December 30, 1999 - 11:14 am
The proportion variance explained in each observed variable can be obtained from the EFA output as 1 minus the residual variance. Some analysts also find it useful to consider how much of the variance in all the observed variables is due to a given factor - in a Varimax rotation you get this by using the sum of squares of the loadings in a given column.
posted on Sunday, January 02, 2000 - 7:29 pm
Dr. Muthen response on 12-30-99:
"Some analysts also find it useful to consider how much of the variance in all the observed variables is due to a given factor - in a Varimax rotation you get this by using the sum of squares of the loadings in a given column."
Dr. Muthen - Is the above describing how one would determine the % variance explained which is associated with a specific eigenvalues? If I am understanding your response so far, given the correlation between factors with the PROMAX rotation how can I calculate the % variance explained for each eigenvalue?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Monday, January 03, 2000 - 6:21 pm
Larry (please call me Bengt), yes in its extension this is related to eigenvalue issues. If we use Principal Component Analysis as an approximate method for doing factor analysis, a loading column (factor) sums of squares would be the eigenvalue. However, as Joreskog and others have emphasized (for instance in his nice Abt book chapter), the Mplus factor analysis methods, as opposed to PCA, attempt to reproduce correlations, not maximize variance, so the eigenvalues don't relate to the estimates in that simple fashion. With PROMAX, percent variance explained in the observed variables by a given factor is necessarily quite complex because the factors correlate. If I were to report variance explained by a factor, which I don't do, I think I would simply use the VARIMAX solution given that it is most often so close to PROMAX. Maybe others have other opinions.
Bill Farmer
posted on Wednesday, August 29, 2001 - 8:51 pm
In your response to Larry (the second one), you mention that you DON'T report the variance explained by each factor in an analysis. Why is this?
posted on Thursday, August 30, 2001 - 8:51 am
I am more interested in how much variance in a given observed indicator a factor contributes to. The contribution of a factor to all indicators depends on how many indicators of that domain that the investigator includes. But I guess for an established measurement instrument, where the indicators are predetermined, the overall variance contribution might be of interest; I just don't typically look at that.
posted on Friday, November 07, 2003 - 9:11 am
Is there a way to test whether the polychoric correlation is significantly different from zero or not? I realize that when I run the factor analysis between ordinal variables) the correlations that it prints out are polychoric and I would like to also report p-values with these.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Saturday, November 08, 2003 - 5:26 pm
If you ask for TYPE=BASIC, you will get the correlations and their standard errors. You can use the ratio of the correlation to its standard error to test the significance of the correlation.
posted on Monday, November 10, 2003 - 5:59 am
After we have the estimate and its standard error, we can create the ratio. However, we need to know the disribution of this ratio in order to perform a test. What is the distribution?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, November 10, 2003 - 6:05 am
Approximately z or t. You can use 1.96 as a cutoff for a two-tailed test with a p-value of .05.
posted on Sunday, March 21, 2004 - 1:11 pm
Hi Dr. Muthen
I am relatively new to M-Plus and have recently calculated an EFA using dichotomous variables. I am trying to compute the R-square value for each of the 3 factors that best represent the data, but am unsure of how to do so. I saw above that you can subtract the residual variance, but I remain a tad confused -- any suggestions you can offer would be most appreciated.
Thanks in advance
posted on Sunday, March 21, 2004 - 2:14 pm
Traditionally in EFA, researchers have been interested in two different variance-related descriptors. One is the counterpart to the regular R-square in regression and gives the proportion of the variance in an observed variable that is explained by the factors. This is the same as one minus the residual variance for the observed variable. Another is how much variance in all observed variables that a factor explains. With uncorrelated factors this is the sum of the squared loadings on that a certain factor divided by the number of observed variables. Having said this, note that the goal of factor analysis is not to explain variance but to explain correlation. This distinction was not made clear in some earlier factor analysis literature which was drawing on principal component analysis estimation.
posted on Wednesday, April 14, 2004 - 11:36 pm
I am a post gradute student at Addis Ababa University. I am working on learners' attitude towards error correction. I would like you to help me, in showing, how to use[calculate] factor analyisis in calculating factors related to attitude.
Thank you so much!
Meseret Teshome[AddisAbaba University]
meseret Teshome
posted on Wednesday, April 14, 2004 - 11:39 pm
I am a post gradute student at Addis Ababa University. I am working on learners' attitude towards error correction. I would like you to help me, in showing, how to use[calculate] factor analyisis in calculating factors related to attitude.
Thank you so much!
Meseret Teshome[AddisAbaba University]
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, April 15, 2004 - 8:09 am
This is a rather broad topic for this discussion board. If you go to www.statmodel.com, there are many references related to factor analysis.
Daniel E Bontempo
posted on Tuesday, October 05, 2004 - 7:47 pm
I am still a little unclear about calculating the % of varience explained. I did a 5 factor EFA on 95 categorical items. Most egienvalues range from +22 down to 0, and the last 11 or so range from 0 to -.95. I used WLSMV because a non-positivedefinite information matrix prevented WLS from running. I also plan some CFA analyses using WLSMV, so I choose WLSMV instead of the default ULS for the EFA.
I gather the negative eigenvalues act to prevent the total variance from being greater than 100%.
In an earlier reply, you mentioned summing the squared loadings in the VARIMAX rotation. Can I do this even though there are negative eighevalues? Will I get an inflated value for explained variance? I want to compare my work to prior EFA of the same instrument which used NOVAX and reported % of total variance explained?
Daniel E Bontempo
posted on Tuesday, October 05, 2004 - 8:41 pm
I get the following message when doing categorical EFA with the ULS estimator:
However, the solution does not have a strong resemblence to what I get with WLSMV. The eigenvalue range looks about the same, but the PROMAX correlation matrix is very different. Also a number of items jump factors or switch signs.
The WLSMV yeilds a factor structure that compares favorably to prior EFA work with this instrument. How should I think about these ULS vs WLSMV solution differences?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, October 12, 2004 - 4:34 pm
There are a couple of issues here. The eigenvalues are given for the sample correlation matrix. They are not involved in calculating the variance explained using the VARIMAX solution.
The differences you are seeing between ULS and WLSMV are likely due to the fact that the factors are coming out in a different order which has not meaning. Also, factor loadings changing signs have no significance if they all do this. Another reason ULS and WLSMV may be different could be related to the failure of your WLS run. If the weight matrix is not positive definite, the WLSMV solution may not be of high quality.
jasmine K.S
posted on Saturday, November 19, 2005 - 2:03 am
I am Jasmine K.S working as a lecturer and doing research on software resue, I have some factors to measure the success of software reuse in percentage format. How I will do factor analysis for these data?Please help me .
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Saturday, November 19, 2005 - 8:04 am
I would treat these as continuous outcomes. If you have very strong floor or ceiling effects, I would consider modeling that takes this into account.
Roisin O'Connor
posted on Wednesday, June 11, 2008 - 11:54 am
I am running an EFA with continuous data and am focusing on a 4-factor solution. I am using the MLM estimator (because of some skewness in my data) and am interested in the Varimax rotation output. I am not sure how to find two pieces of information in the MPlus output, these are: (1) the variance explained by each of the 4 extracted factors; (2) the extracted communalities.
I would appreciate some direction with this. I am not requesting anything specific other than residulas, so maybe I am missing a command.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, June 11, 2008 - 6:43 pm
(1) Variance explained in a set of variables by a factor is not given in Mplus. We have not been inclined to add this for 3 reasons. One is that factor analysis does not aim to explain variance but correlations. The other is that typically, oblique factors need to be extracted in which case the concept of variance explained by a factor is not clearcut. Variance explained also connects with Principal Component Analysis which is not factor analysis. But it might be of interest to look at the eigenvalues to get a descriptive picture of the drop in eigenvalues up to 4 factors - the percentage of total eigenvalues is sometimes reported. If you want variance explained in the Varimax case in Mplus you will have to add up the squared loadings in each factor column and divide by the number of items.
(2) The extracted communalities are 1 minus the estimated residual variances given in the output.
Roisin O'Connor
posted on Thursday, June 12, 2008 - 8:34 am
Thank you. This makes a lot of sense. I have run into another problem, however. I have missing data and it seems that the MLM estimator with Type=EFA and Missing data is not possible.
My rational for wanting to use MLM is that I go on to run a CFA with a separate data set and use MLR (because of the non-normality of the data). It would seem that I should be using a procedure at the EFA stage that is also robust to non-normality.
Q. Is it possible to run the EFA with Type = missing data and using an estimator robust to non-normality?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, June 12, 2008 - 12:29 pm
You can use MLR for both EFA and CFA. It is robust to non-normality.
Roisin O'Connor
posted on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 - 3:00 pm
When using MLR with EFA with Type=missing, I get an error saying that:
*** ERROR in Analysis command
Estimator MLR is not allowed with TYPE = EFA MISSING.
Default will be used.
Any thoughts?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, June 24, 2008 - 3:22 pm
It is allowed in the current version of the program. You must be using an old version.
Paul Tremblay
posted on Friday, July 04, 2008 - 4:00 pm
In EFA with a varimax rotation, is it normal for the rotated factors not to appear in order of magnitude. I calculated the % of variance explained by each factor after rotation and the first factor was the smallest followed, by the second and then the third. In SPSS, the order usually goes from largest to smallest not only before rotation but also after. How does Mplus decide which will be the first factor after rotation? Thanks,
Paul Tremblay.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Saturday, July 05, 2008 - 9:38 am
The order of the factors is indeterminate in EFA - there is no reason one order should be preferred over another. Percent variance explained is a principal component criterion, not a criterion for EFA model fit. In Mplus the order of the factors is a function of the optimization and has no interpretational meaning. You can rearrange the factor order any way you want for publication purposes.
Michelle Rasdale
posted on Thursday, October 21, 2010 - 3:27 am
Hi everyone,
What is regarded as a respectable amount of percentage variance? I need to know guidelines for small/medium/large amounts of percentage variance.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, October 21, 2010 - 2:12 pm
I don't know of any guidelines for this. I would check a regression book to see if this is covered.
Utkun Ozdil
posted on Friday, March 11, 2011 - 10:33 am
In a twolevel EFA with categorical variables MPlus uses GEOMIN rotation.
1) With correlated factors is it possible to calculate the percent of variance explained by each factor at both within/between levels?
2) Does the formula (add up the square loadings in each factor column and divide by the number of items) for VARIMAX rotation hold for GEOMIN?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, March 11, 2011 - 10:57 am
1. No, because the factors are correlated their contribution can't be disentangled.
2. No, Geomin is a correlated-factors rotation.
Marco d'errico
posted on Monday, June 20, 2011 - 2:27 am
Dear All,
just a quick information. I'm quite new at Mplus so don't blame me if I am asking the-same-old question.
I've done a EFA with 10 categorical vars (dummy) (one of which has really low variance); 4 factors fit well (Chi square 81.612; CFI 0.999; TLI 0.995; RMSEA 0.022; SRMR 0.030). But I have a strange result in the Factor Determinancies; F1 1.008; F2 5.695; F3 0.784 and F4 1.257. How is it possible that F2 determinance was so high?
Tks in advance
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, June 20, 2011 - 8:44 am
We no longer give factor determinacies for categorical items. You should use the PLOT command to look at information curves.
peter pitt
posted on Tuesday, June 28, 2011 - 1:43 am
I'm new at this, so I may be asking a stupid question here:
Above it was mentioned that, with EFA, the variance explained by a factor equals the sum of the squared loadings in the factor column divided by the number of items (in case of varimax rotation). I'm wondering, does the same hold for the ESEM case? So, when analyzing two groups with ESEM with the same loading structure for the two groups, do the factors then explain an equal amount of variance in each group?
Thanks a lot!
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, June 28, 2011 - 8:00 am
EFA and ESEM are identical unless ESEM uses covariates or includes other parameters like residual covariances. You can apply the variance explained to an orthogonal rotation in ESEM the same way as you do in EFA as long as the ESEM model is equivalent to the EFA model.
peter pitt
posted on Friday, July 01, 2011 - 1:29 pm
Dear Dr. Muthen,
Thank you for your comments, but I�m still struggling with some questions. Suppose I have analyzed two groups with multigroup exploratory factor analysis (multigroup ESEM) and I�ve found a 3 factor solution with the same loading matrix for both groups. Also suppose that the rotation is orthogonal. My questions now are: (a) does a specific factor from this 3 factor solution explain the same amount of variance in each group (and if so, does the variance explained by this factor equal the sum of its squared factor loadings)? Or, is this only the case if the unique variances are constrained to be equal for both groups? (b) How much variance does the factor explain overall, this is considering both data blocks as a single one by concatenating them? How can I calculate this overall amount of explained variance on the basis of the ESEM output?
I�m sorry to have disturbed you with all these questions, but I�m still struggling a bit to get a full understanding of multigroup EFA (ESEM).
Thanks a lot in advance!
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Saturday, July 02, 2011 - 8:25 am
First, note that explaining variance is not the goal of factor analysis, explaining covariance is.
Even if you have group-invariant factor loadings and uncorrelated factors, ESEM lets the factor variances differ from the unities that the reference (first) group has, so that will change the amount of variance explained by a factor. The residual variances only play a part if you are considering the proportion of variance, not the variance per se.
J.D. Haltigan
posted on Thursday, November 10, 2011 - 7:50 pm
Relevant to this thread: could one say (if a reviewer requests it) that prior to rotation, the % variance accounted for by the X factors was xxxx? I realize this is inconsistent with the goal of EFA in terms of reproducing correlations, but I am in a situation where a reviewer is requesting it....SPSS of course gives you above info (with the warning that you can not use SS of the rotated loadings to derive prop. var.). A lot of folks in dev. psych use PCA when indeed it would appear that EFA should be their choice and so points of difference are rampantly misunderstood.
Secondly, is reporting that percent of variance (prior to rotation at extraction) simply reporting the percent of variance explained as if one used an orthogonal rotation (i.e., Varimax)?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, November 11, 2011 - 11:10 am
This sounds outdated - like what is used in principal component analysis, where the sums of squares of loadings in a column is the variance explained by that factor/component. Before rotation. As we know, PCA is not FA - PCA is a biased, although reasonable, FA estimator. But in FA I would consider the sums of squares of loadings in a column taken from an orthogonal rotation such as the Varimax solution. I guess one can view it as a descriptive measure of the importance of the factor, although by no means a critical one, I think.
J.D. Haltigan
posted on Friday, November 11, 2011 - 12:06 pm
How is it that rotation changes the percent of variance accounted for in the factors? For example, in a Varimax rotation is it that depending on the location of the axes, certain manifest indicators have more of their variance explained by a given factor? The reason I ask is b/c rotation doesn't change model fit, but yet it does change how items load and the total percent of variance accounted for (at least in the case of varimax).
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, November 11, 2011 - 2:49 pm
Q1. Not "accounted for in the factors", but "accounted for by the factors".
Q2. Yes, different (orthogonal) rotations give different loadings for a factor and therefore changes the factor interpretation and the sums of squares of loadings for the factor.
True, rotation doesn't change fit to the correlation matrix. Which goes to show that percent variance accounted for by the factor is not a goal in FA.
chidi O
posted on Saturday, May 12, 2012 - 4:14 pm
Is it correct to interpret the following "eigenvalues for sample correlation matrix" (EFA) as e.g factor structure with 3-factors has eigenvalue >1?? Would this correspond to the scree plot?
eigenvalues for sample correlation matrix
1 2 3 4 5
___ _____ _____ _______ ________
11.583 1.699 1.167 0.745 0.621
I couldn't reproduce them manually.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Sunday, May 13, 2012 - 10:56 am
Yes and yes.
Giada Perazzi
posted on Wednesday, January 23, 2013 - 4:29 am
Dear Doctor Muth�n,
I am a graduated student from Catholic University of Milan and I am learning how to use Mplus. I am very sorry and I know that it could be a very simple question but I tried to read the forum without success. I am doing EFA on a tetracoric matrix of data from dichotomic items using Promax rotation and wlsmv (Muth�n, DuToit and Spisic, 1997). I have a satisfactory solution with 3 factors but I am not able to understand the variance explained by this solution. Could you help me please? I tried to ask to the software the remaining variance but I couldn't figure out how.
Thank you in advance.
Giada Perazzi
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, January 23, 2013 - 12:04 pm
Variance explained is a concept related to principal component analysis not factor analysis. In factor analysis, the objective is to reproduce the observed correlation matrix. For an orthogonal solution, variance explained can be computed as the sum of the squared factor loadings divided by the number of factor indicators.
posted on Monday, April 08, 2013 - 7:48 am
What a great thread. Pretty amazing this started almost 15 years ago and still has an incredible amount of information. Thanks for all you do.
posted on Tuesday, November 12, 2013 - 7:38 am
I am doing a EFA (Variamx rotation) for 14 dichotomous items, and WLSMV was selected. As there was no CFI reported in the output, is there anything I missed? or How could I get this?
Thank you very much.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, November 12, 2013 - 8:14 am
Please send the output and your license number to
so I can see why you did not get CFI.
Augustine Osman
posted on Friday, January 17, 2014 - 1:50 pm
Dear Dr. Muthen-- I have 2 quick questions about the typical output for the bifactor ESEM modeling. In particular, does the ESEM- bifactor give information about the proportion of variance accounted for by the general factor (g) and the variance accounted for by the specific [lower-order] factors? If so, where can I look in the output for these? Many thanks for consideration of this query—Sincerely, ---Augustine
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, January 17, 2014 - 2:51 pm
No, you have to compute those yourself from the estimated model parameters.
Augustine Osman
posted on Friday, January 17, 2014 - 3:06 pm
Many thanks for your response. I have been doing these manually but thought I could ask to be sure that I am not missing important parts of the mplus out.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, January 17, 2014 - 3:42 pm
Note also that bi-factor ESEM needs careful consideration. For instance, to get an identified model at least one item has to load on the general factor only and only the remaining items put on the ESEM factor list.
Yvonne LEE
posted on Monday, June 23, 2014 - 5:21 pm
I am doing SEM with WLSMV estimation due to the ordered categorical outcome indicator. 1. May I know how to calculate the proportion of variance explained by a specific variable /factor? So far, I know Rsquare in my case cannot be used for that. 2. How to interpret the 'estimate' of the indirect effect (standardised)? 3. How to compare the 2 indirect paths to see which has higher explanatory power? Sorry for my very basic questions.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, June 24, 2014 - 11:19 am
1.Proportion variance in a factor indicator explained by the factor is given by R-square in the standardized section of the output. Perhaps you refer to proportion variance explained for a set of observed variables like is sometimes done in EFA with uncorrelated factors (the sum of the squared factor loadings divided by the number of variables). If so, that is not really relevant in SEM where we don't try to explain variance but covariance and where the factors are typically not uncorrelated.
2. That's a long story - please see e.g. McKinnon's mediation book.
3. You can express the two indirect effects and their difference in Model Constraint.
Masih Shafiei
posted on Monday, January 12, 2015 - 8:32 am
Dear Linda/Bengt,
I am conducting an EFA (using WLSMV as estimator and promax as rotation method) on a set of 22 categorical (4 categories each) items. I should add, both multivariate skewness and kurtosis are statistically significant, indicating violation of multivariate normality assumption for the data. To determine the appropriate number of factors to retain, I used eigenvalue-greater-than-one rule and scree plot. From the scree plot, it was concluded that either 1 or 2 factors should be retained (both had eigenvalues greater than 1). So, I decided to conduct EFA with 1, 2 and 3 factors (with the same estimator and rotation method) and examine RMASEA values and presence of negative residual variances in order to decide on the number of factor that best explain the underlying structure of the data. I wanted to know if what I did (examining a range of number of factors in this condition) is correct.
Masih Shafiei, M.D.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, January 12, 2015 - 10:49 am
If you are treating the variables as categorical by putting them on the CATEGORICAL list, skewness and kurtosis are not relevant concerns. Categorical data methodology handles this.
Masih Shafiei
posted on Monday, January 12, 2015 - 12:02 pm
Ok, thanks. Actually my concern was that examining a range of number of factors, when conducting efa using WLSMV estimator on categorical data is correct or not? Or this approach can only be employed when using ML as esmitator?
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Monday, January 12, 2015 - 4:12 pm
This does not change with the estimator being used. The strategy is the same.
Masih Shafiei
posted on Tuesday, January 13, 2015 - 9:51 am
Thank you, and another question. The questionnaire I am dealing with, has a scoring system through which 4-point likert-type responses to each of the indicators are transformed to a 3-point likert scale. to calculate the total score of the questionaire, the transformed 3-point-likert scores are used. I am wondering the polychoric correlation matrix should be calculated based on the raw 4-point likert responses or the transformed 3-ponit likert scores.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, January 13, 2015 - 12:32 pm
It is computed on the variables you use in the analysis.
Masih Shafiei
posted on Tuesday, January 13, 2015 - 1:11 pm
I meant which of the two sets of variables,4-point likert scale or the transformed 3-point likert scale, I should use.
P.S. items of the questionnaire are on a 4-point likert scale. Responders should choose between 4 ordered categories (totally disagree, disagree, agree, and totally agree). After the questionnaires are filled out, we transform responses to each of the items to a 3-point likert scale (0,1 or 2). Therefore, I have two set of variables, one has 4 ordered categories , and the other has 3 ordered categories.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, January 13, 2015 - 1:51 pm
That would need to be your choice.
Masih Shafiei
posted on Tuesday, January 13, 2015 - 9:22 pm
OK, thank you.
Masih Shafiei
posted on Thursday, March 26, 2015 - 9:19 am
Dear Bengt and Linda Muthen,
It is repeatedly stated in previous comments that variance explained in a set of variables by a factor is not given in Mplus, since factor analysis does not aim to explain variance but correlations.
I wanted to cite this statement in a manuscript of mine but couldn't find any specific article containing such statement.
It would be appreciated if you could give a reference for this, that could be cited in a scientific article.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Thursday, March 26, 2015 - 1:45 pm
That factor analysis aims to explain correlations rather than variances is for example stated in Joreskog's nice intro article Basic Ideas of Factor and Component Analysis. It is in the 1979 Advanced in Factor Analysis and SEM book edited by Magidson containing Joreskog and Sorbom articles. It may be hard to find, however, since the book is out of print, but maybe libraries or Joreskog himself could provide it.
Or, perhaps this article discusses it:
Fabrigar, L.R., Wegener, D.T., MacCallum, R.C. & Strahan, E.J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4, 272-299.
I think variance explained can still be looked at as a descriptive of analysis results. It is just my opinion that it isn't a critical matter - choosing the number of factors shouldn't be based on it (that's PCA) - and it doesn't generalize to the more common situation of correlated factors. Others may disagree, but to me, it is an outdated concept for factor analysis.
Anton Dominicson
posted on Wednesday, August 24, 2016 - 9:47 pm
Hi. Would the explained formula (sum of squared loadings divided by the number of indicators) work with any CFA model? If not, how can I calculate the explained variance for a CFA model? Also, would you consider the explained variance an aspect of interest in CFA? Thanks.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, August 25, 2016 - 8:55 am
This is appropriate only for orthogonal factors.
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fetch campervan hire new zealand | senior campervan hire new zealand | family campervan hire new zealand | cheap campervan hire new zealand
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Tui Campers NZ informationTui Campers is one of New Zealand's leading rental vehicle companies and is dedicated to providing outstanding customer service for budget minded travellers. Tui have been in operation since 1983 and specialise in catering to the international tourist market.
Tui's competitive Rental Rates for New Zealand campervan and motorhome hire enables overseas travellers to plan affordable, comfortable travel with more time to experience the abundance of attractions scattered throughout the North and South Islands.
When you book a vehicle, it will be from our late model Tui fleet of superbly maintained and presented campervans and motorhomes, which are also supported by the Automobile Association 24-hour emergency breakdown service for your peace of mind.
New Zealand is the perfect place for RV exploring and with a Tui camper you can easily make a Booking and plan your Kiwi holiday to suit your personal itinerary. New Zealand is a land of contrasts with plenty to see and discover and you can make your trip as adventure thrilled or tranquil as you desire. Only here can you find yourself starting your morning in a bustling urban city then spending the day cruising in your quality campervan through rolling farmland, ending up on a spectacular volcanic plateau. Combine this with an extensive coastline and some of the world's finest sandy beaches, and you'll see why New Zealand is such a unique experience. Go where you like, when you like, for as long as you like - all at your own pace in your Tui motorhome.
Tui Campers NZ Rental TermsSummary of Rental Conditions
This document contains a brief summary of our rental conditions. The full details of our rental contract do apply. For detailed conditions, refer to the rental agreement upon vehicle collection. Rates quoted are in New Zealand dollars.
Standard Rates Include:
- Standard excess insurance cover
- Unlimited kilometers for all vehicle typed
- Extra driver fee
- All living, kitchen & sleeping equipment
- Full water tank
- Nationwide roadside assistance & free phone help-line
- Maps and Campground Guides
- Complimentary transfers on the first and last day of rental to/from the airport or airport hotels
- Vehicle cleaning & grooming fee
- 15% G.S.T. (Goods and Services Tax)
Rental Duration
Minimum rental period: 5 days. Minimum rental is extended to 14 days for travel between 20 December and 10 January. Vehicle rentals are calculated on a per calendar day basis, i.e. day of pick-up or drop off is always counted as a full day irrespective of what time it is collected or dropped off. Minimum rental period is subject to change during peak periods. Vehicles are required to be collected and returned within business hours.
Each day after the final hire day, that the vehicle is not returned, you may be charged double the daily gross rental rate.
Late pick-up or early return of vehicle does not entitle the hirer to any refund of the unused portion of the rental.
Deposits and payments
At time of booking a non-refundable deposit of NZ$500 is payable. The balance is due 28 days prior to commencement of the hire. If the balance is not received 28 days prior, Tui Campers reserves the right to treat the booking as cancelled.
Tui Campers has branches close to Auckland and Christchurch Airports. Pick ups and Drop offs to/from Queenstown Airport, Dunedin Airport, Wellington Airport, Picton Ferry Terminal, Nelson Airport and the Greymouth Train Station are available on application for a relocation fee of NZ$745 prior arrangement only. Operational times are restricted by travel limitations and by bus/air/train times. This service is only available for the hire of Tui or Freedom Campers vehicles only.
Office Hours High Season 01 October - 30 April: Monday to Sunday 8am to 5pm
Low Season 01 May - 30 September: Monday to Sunday 9am to 4pm
All branches are closed on Christmas Day (25 December).
The latest vehicle collection time from the depot is 4pm, (3pm winter) so please consider your hire start date with this in mind if your flight arrival does not allow sufficient time to be at the depot by these times. A $50 late collection fee can be pre arranged if you cannot arrive before this time. This is not guaranteed and applies only within 1 hour after closing time if agreed.
Pick Up/Drop Off Times
High Season 01 October - 30 April: 8:30am - 4:00pm
Low Season 01 May - 30 September: 9:30am - 3:00pm
Due to popular demand, Tui Campers now offers relocation pick ups and/or drop offs in non depot locations. This service is only available for the hire of Tui or Freedom Campers vehicles.
PLEASE NOTE that a surcharge of NZ$745 applies per pick up and/or drop offs in relocation areas and pick up and drop off times may be restricted.
Pick Up/Drop Off Locations
Tui offers conveniently located New Zealand campervan rental depots on the North and South Islands. Not only do we offer one way rentals between these locations, we also provide free airport transfers to our Auckland or Christchurch branch for your convenience.
Auckland Depot
Wellington Airport - Picton Ferry - Nelson Airport - Greymouth Train Station - Queenstown Airport - Dunedin Airport
Please note the following changes to our providing this service:
Does not apply if vehicle collection is at a remote location and return of the vehicle is to either Auckland or Christchurch depots
A – the full standard excess is taken as a bond irrespective of what Bond waiver option is taken.
B – the appropriate Bond is to be paid into our bank account via Bank transfer only and to be received not less than 7 days prior to the date of pick up. The vehicle will not be released until the bond payment is received.
C – Bond can be refunded as follows:
Our rates include GST of 15%. Insurance The vehicle has comprehensive insurance cover in case of accident damage or loss of contents (excluding personal belongings). The hirers liable up to the excess/deductible for the cost of damage to third party property or to the rented vehicle, including single vehicle accident, windscreen and tyre damage, overhead and underbody damage, towing and recovery costs, theft, fire, break in or vandalism. The Liability applies in respect of each claim, not per rental. In addition to the Liability, and where our Bond Waiver has been purchased, an administration fee of $150 will be charged per claim. Otherwise, the fee is $450.00 per claim. Bond
When you collect your vehicle we take an impression of your credit card as the bond for your excess/deductible. This is the insurance excess for any single accident which may occur during your holiday. The impression of your credit card covers your accident-damage bond liability plus any extra costs such as fuel fill-up, emptying of the toilet at the end of hire, or any traffic infringements, losses or breakages. A credit card imprint must be on all rental agreements and must be the credit card of the main hirer unless prior arrangements have been made. We do not deduct the bond from the credit card, but merely hold the authority to deduct it in the unfortunate event of an accident. Where a credit card is not available, a cash bond will be held by Tui Campers for 21 days following hire. Please Note: For customers who are using debit cards for the security deposit, due to the limitations within terms of use for debit cards these are treated as cash and the full excess will be debited unless the bond waiver is purchased and then a signed imprint will be taken. Trail Seeker, Trail Adventurer and Trailexplorer – There is an excess of NZ$6,000 (NZ$7,000 for drivers aged under 25 years) included within our standard rates.
Trailfinder's 2/3 and 4+1, 4WD Bushcampers and Deluxe Sleepervan - There is an excess of NZ$4,000 (NZ$5,000 for drivers aged under 25 years) included within our standard rates. Optional Coverages
In addition to the insurance cover set out above, the hirer may also choose the Personal Accident Insurance (PAI) and/or Personal Effects and Baggage Insurance (PEB) and/or Bond Waiver Insurance (BWI) options by so indicating on the Rental Document. PAI and PEB insurance is offered on behalf of the current policy underwriter, and the owner acts only as their agent in arranging this insurance. The amount of that excess and the daily rate payable in respect of BWI is dependent upon the age of the hirer and the type of vehicle hired. Bond waiver/excess reduction Insurance (BWI) The excess can be reduced by purchasing one of the following Reduction Options: Reduction Option 1: Trail Seeker, Trail Adventurer and Trailexplorer – This option can be purchased by paying an additional NZ$35 per day (NZ$40 per day for drivers under 25 years) reduces excess to NZ$2,500 and only a credit card imprint is required. Maximum charge is for 50 days.
Trailfinder's 2/3 and 4+1, 4WD Bushcampers and Deluxe Sleepervan – This option can be purchased by paying an additional NZ$25 per day (NZ$30 per day for drivers under 25 years) reduces excess to NZ$1,800 and only a credit card imprint is required. Maximum charge is for 50 days. Reduction Option 2: Trail Seeker, Trail Adventurer and Trailexplorer – This option can be purchased by paying an additional NZ$60 per day (NZ$65 per day for drivers under 25 years) reduces excess to NZ$0 and only a credit card imprint is required. Maximum charge is for 50 days.
Trailfinder's 2/3 and 4+1, 4WD Bushcampers and Deluxe Sleepervan – This option can be purchased by paying an additional NZ$45 per day (NZ$50 per day for drivers under 25 years) reduces excess to NZ$0 and only a credit card imprint is required. Maximum charge is for 50 days. Tui Campers strongly recommends our customers to take the bond waiver insurance to minimise excess exposure and travel with peace of mind. Inclusions
Reduction Option 2 cover includes the following extras:
Bond waiver does not cover:
This option can be purchase by paying an additional $9 per day to provide protection for damage to the front windscreen and tyres. Included is two tyre replacements, multiple tyre punctures, one windscreen and multiple windscreen chips. Please note that Excess Reduction is completely optional and can be decided upon collection of your vehicle. This additional insurance only covers you for one incident where after your standard excess applies. You can apply to purchase this cover for the remaining days of your hire. Where Bond Waiver is not taken or Reduction Option 1 then the Bond can be refunded after we have the repair costs for any damage to our vehicle AND not before one month after the hire ends to cover any late notification of damage to 3rd party property that the hirer may not have disclosed.
Number of Claims:
Each insurance policy can only have one individual claim made by the hirer. The policy is cancelled after each accident and all payments are forfeited. Tui Campers reserves the right to agree to a renewal of any insurance policy or to cancel the hire at the hirers cost. Road User Charges
The New Zealand government imposes a road user charge on users of diesel vehicles. The Customer must therefore pay a road user charge recovery fee on return of the Vehicle to Tui. The road user charge recovery fee payable by the Customer will be calculated on return of the Vehicle based on the kilometres travelled during the hire and the category of Vehicle booked by the Customer.
The vehicle rates per 100kms are as follows
Accessories are available to hire from Tui Campers. It is best to pre order these to guarantee availability. You can still order the accessories at pick up but your first choice may not be available. Please note the hirer is fully liable for all costs if the accessories are lost, damaged or stolen regardless of what excess reduction option was taken.
Vehicles must be collected and returned to our branches (not airports unless a relocation has been agreed to). A transfer to the Tui Campers branch from the Auckland and Christchurch Airport and vice versa is provided free of charge. This also includes airport area accommodation. Please advise surname, reservation number, arrival terminal or hotel name and number of passengers requiring collection when you contact us. Our courtesy collection is normally within 30 minutes and operates up to 1 hour prior to close. Transfers do not apply for relocation pick ups and drop offs in places like Queenstown, Nelson, Picton, Wellington, Dunedin or Greymouth.
Credit cards
We only accept Visa or MasterCard. These cards will incur an additional 2% surcharge on any transaction.
Exchange Rate/Currency Variations
All credit card transactions are conducted in New Zealand dollars. Due to exchange rate fluctuations there could be some variance in the amount refunded compared to the amount initially charged. We do not accept any liability for variances up or down. Refunds by credit card can take up to 15 working days depending on the renter's financial institution.
Driver's license, Minimum age, and Additional drivers
A valid full (non-provisional) national drivers license is required. Non-English language national drivers licenses must be presented in conjunction with an official translation or valid international drivers license. The minimum age is 21 years. Additional drivers must meet all Tui rental requirements, be at the depot at the time of vehicle pickup and sign the rental agreement.
General Equipment
Each vehicle is supplied with complimentary general equipment (such as pegs and clothes line, dustpan/brush, fire extinguisher and bucket/hose).
Kitchen and Personal kits
Each vehicle is supplied with complimentary living equipment (such as bedding, cooking equipment, eating utensils, bath and tea towels.)
Maps and Campground Guides
Each vehicle is supplied with a complimentary Road Atlas as well as campground guides.
Vehicle Consultation
On pick up of the vehicle, our staff will provide a complimentary vehicle consultation. This includes an explanation of all the interior and exterior features of the vehicle as well as driving tips.
Smoking and Animal restrictions
Smoking in Tui vehicles is strictly prohibited, and offenders will be charged a fume removal fee of NZ$500. Animals are also not permitted in any Tui vehicle and the same cleaning fee will apply.
L.P. Gas Refill Service fee
A service fee is payable on pick up of the vehicle (free if Reduction Option 2 is purchased):
- $28 - Hitop Campervan, 2 Berth S/T Camper
- $38 - 4 Berth Motorhomes
The gas bottle(s) is supplied full. The gas bottle can be returned empty to Tui at the completion of the rental.
Additional Equipment for Hire:
- Camp Chairs - $18 each per rental
- Camp Table - $20 per rental
- Outside BBQ - $50 per rental
- Power inverter 12v-240v- $35 per rental
- DVD Player - $45 per rental
- Chilly/Eski Bin - $10 per rental
- GPS - $6 per day (min NZ$70 - max $140)
- Snow Chains - $45 per rental (must be pre-booked)
- Baby High Chair - $30 per rental
- Baby Porta Cot - $40 per rental
- Baby Seats* - Baby seats (must be pre-booked) suitable for children NB to 3 years of age can be fitted to the Motorhome Range. Cost is $40 per rental.
- Booster Seats* - A booster seat (must be pre-booked) suitable for a child between 3 and 8 years of age can be supplied for the Motorhome Range. Cost is $40 each per rental.
Please note the legal requirement in NZ for child restraints:
Children under 5 years old
- Must be properly restrained by an approved child restraint.
- They must not travel in the car if you can't put them in an approved child restraint.
Children 5 to 7 years old
- Must use a child restraint if available.
- If there is no child restraint available, the child must use a safety belt.
Baby or booster seat cannot be fitted in 2-berth s/t Trail Seeker camper.
Baby and Booster Seat Details
Child Restraints
By law in New Zealand, all children under five years of age must be in an "approved" child restraint. An adult safety belt is not considered to be a suitable restraint for a child under five. An "approved" restraint is one which is suitable for the age, size and weight of the child.
Tui Finder
Baby seat is to be fitted in the middle seat in the driver's cab.
Tui Seeker
Baby seats cannot travel in these vehicles due to front passenger airbags
Tui Escape
Baby seats are fitted in the rear dining area and are forward or rearward facing with lap belts and tether clip.
Not all Tui vehicles can accommodate all types of child restraint equipment
If the vehicle is not returned in an identically clean state as it was supplied, a fee of NZ$200 will apply
Public Holiday vehicle collection and returns will incur a one-off fee of $60 to be paid at pick up. Tui Campers is open on the following Public Holidays: 1st and 2nd January, Waitangi Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, ANZAC Day, Queens Birthday, Labour Day, Boxing Day, Auckland and Christchurch anniversary days.
If the toilet (where applicable) is not returned empty, a fee of NZ$100 will apply
If the waste tank (where applicable) is not returned empty, a fee of NZ$100 will apply
Multiple Rentals
Consecutive rentals can be combined to qualify for a long-term discount rate. Rentals in Tasmania (Australia) and New Zealand can be combined to obtain a long-term discount rate, providing travel is within a 3 month period. If drop off of a vehicle and pick up of a new vehicle occurs on the same day then a day each will be charged per respective vehicle. Multiple rentals are treated as separate rentals under the one-way fee and minimum rental period conditions.
Ferry Reservations
The two main islands of New Zealand, the North Island and South Island, are separated by sea and require a ferry trip. If you wish to hire from Auckland to Christchurch or vice versa you will require a ferry. The ferry trip takes approx. 3.5 hours and there are several sailings per day in each direction.
During the peak tourist months November to March, reservations are highly recommended. Ferry pricing is based on the length of the campervan/motorhome. Please consult our vehicle pages for the length of the vehicle.
Reservations are easy to arrange directly on the internet. We are not agents for the ferry companies but we are happy to book on your behalf using your credit card details as only a New Zealand server can access the cheaper fares on the Interislander. However, as we charge $25 for our time. You may wish to check out the Bluebridge which does not have the same restrictions and you may find their prices competitive
Travel Restrictions
Tui vehicles can only be driven on public roads sealed/unsealed. No vehicle is to be driven on the following roads: Skippers Canyon Road in Queenstown, Ball Hutt Road near Mount Cook, 90 Mile Beach in Northland, Cape Colville to Port Jackson Road in Coromandel.
Vehicles are not permitted on all ski field access roads in both the North and South Islands from 01 June to 31 October. This means you cannot drive your vehicle up to a ski field car park and/or any part of the access road to the ski field. You will be responsible for all damage if travelling on these roads.?
Change of Drop off Destination
If the renter wishes to change the drop off destination after the rental has commenced, they first must obtain authorisation from Tui Reservations in Christchurch. Subject to the change being approved, a minimum additional charge of $750 may apply.
Rental Extension
If the customer wishes to extend the rental whilst on hire, they must first obtain authorisation from Tui Reservations in Christchurch who will advise of the additional costs. The rental extension is subject to fleet availability. The extra cost (Gross Rate) of an extended rental must be paid by credit card over the telephone or at a Tui Branch immediately on confirmation of the rental extension.
Failure to obtain authorisation will result in the renter may be being charged double the daily gross rental rate.
Calculation errors
Tui Campers will not honor calculation errors. Should a calculation error occur Tui Campers will charge for the shortfall.
Although we run late model vehicles, it may happen that small repairs are required.
Repairs up to NZ$100 may be affected without authorisation and will be reimbursed upon presentation of a receipt. For amounts over NZ$100, Tui will need to be informed in advance. Repairs will be approved provided the customer was not directly responsible for the damage. Receipts must be submitted for any repair or the claim will not be paid.
Customer cares on Road assistance
Any problems associated with the vehicle, including equipment failure, must be reported to Tui as soon as possible and within 24 hours in order to give Tui the opportunity to rectify the problem during the rental. Failure to do so will compromise any claims for compensation. Tui do not accept liability for any claims submitted after this period.
Infringements and Administration Fees
Tui reserves the right to charge the hirer for any speeding, toll way or parking fines and/or vehicle damage including Third Party property damage not reported on return of the vehicle. In addition to these costs, Tui reserve the right to charge for associated administration costs for processing the fines (irrespective of excess) and/or all insurance claims in the event of the customer not having a NIL excess. In addition to the costs associated per fine and/or insurance claim, an administration fee of $60 will be applicable.
Change of Vehicle
Should the vehicle booked be unavailable through unforeseen circumstances, we reserve the right to substitute an alternative vehicle without prior notification and at no extra cost. This shall not constitute a breach of contract and does not entitle the renter to a refund.
Vehicle Category
Vehicles cannot be requested by make or model, only by vehicle category.
Voluntary Downgrade
Should the renter decide to take a lesser vehicle than booked within 17 days of pick up or during the rental then they will not be entitled to any refund.
Limit of Liability
In the event of no alternative vehicle being available to the renter our liability is limited to a refund of the hire charge or in the case of mechanical failure (unless caused by the renter) the remainder of the hire period.
One Way Hires
Where pick-ups originate from Auckland and return in Christchurch and the pick-up is between:
– 1 April and 30 September – a one way fee of NZ $100.00 applies.
– October and 31 March – a one way fee of NZ $200.00 applies.
Where pick-ups originate from Christchurch and return to Auckland and the pick-up is between:
– 1 April and 30 September – no one way fee applies.
– 1 October and 31 March – a one way fee of NZ $100.00 applies.
Short hires of under 5 days are often available. Mileage is limited to 150Km per day. Extra km will be charged $0.35. An additional $50 cleaning fee will apply.
On-road assistance - mechanical faults The liability of Tui Campers extends to either replacing your vehicle with a similar one, or refunding your hire charge for any days you lose the total use of the vehicle. If the vehicle has any mechanical failures these problems must be reported to Tui Campers as soon as possible in order to give Tui Campers the opportunity to rectify the problems during the rental. The hirer is not entitled to any refund at the end of the hire period unless Tui Campers has been advised of the problem earlier, and has been given the opportunity to rectify the situation. Tui Campers does not accept any liability for any claims made after this point. Tui Campers is not liable for any delay in repair caused by the breakdown occurring on a weekend or a public holiday. A refund can be requested if the breakdown has directly caused a delay in travel of 48 hours or more, if the delay is less than 48 hours in one location Tui Campers can deny the refund request at its own discretion. All Tui vehicles are covered by the Automobile Association (AA) 24 hour roadside assistance service for any vehicle related breakdowns. In the event that you need roadside assistance, please call the AA free phone number 0800 22 27 39. Please give them your car registration plate number and provide and directions to help them locate you. If the AA are unable to assist you, please contact us on 0800 324 939. IMPORTANT NOTE: For non-mechanical (driver error) call outs, you will need to pay the applicable fee directly to the AA prior to their attendance. Mechanical breakdowns covered by the AA Roadside Assistance service include the following:
Engine faults.
Electrical faults.
Cooling system.
Vehicle recovery. For all Non-Mechanical breakdowns, the Automobile Association will charge you the relevant call out fees. Non-mechanical breakdowns include, but are not limited to, the following:
Running out of fuel.
Refilling the vehicle with the incorrect fuel (i.e. putting petrol in instead of diesel).
Damage to wheels and/or tyres.
Losing the keys or locking them inside the vehicle.
Having a flat battery due to the ignition or lights being left on.
A breakdown as a result of damage caused in an accident, including salvage.
Maintenance and repairs - equipment faults
The hirer shall take all reasonable care to ensure that the vehicle is properly maintained. This shall include regular checks to the oil, water and batteries. The hirer shall be liable for any cost associated with the incorrect use of fuel (fuel being diesel or petrol), including putting fuel in the water tank. The failure of accessories such as TV, DVD, CD player, microwave, gas heater, air conditioning unit, fridge and hot water heater do not constitute a breakdown. Any problems associated with the vehicles equipment, must be reported to Tui Campers as soon as possible and within 24 hours in order to give Tui Campers the opportunity to rectify the problem. Failure to do so will compromise any claims as we cannot accept liability for any claims submitted after this period. Tui Campers will endeavour to facilitate on-road repairs however should the repair not be possible or fail the hirer is not entitled to a vehicle change or compensation. No alternative accommodation or food items will be paid for during down time.
Once a booking has been confirmed and a deposit paid the booking is considered live and is subject to the cancellation policy.
The initial deposit paid is non-refundable. In addition to forfeiting your deposit, the following charges also apply:
- 23 - 32 days 20% of total reservation cost
- 13 - 22 days 40% of total reservation cost
- 4 - 12 days 75% of total reservation cost
- 3 days or No Show 100% of total reservation cost In all cases the minimum amount retained is the deposit.
No refunds for cancellations made after the travel or travel date has commenced. If the vehicle is returned early for any reason whatsoever after travel has commenced then no refund is available.
Travel Insurance
We strongly recommend that clients ensure they take out the highest level of travel insurance. In many cases, this will cover any losses incurred if you are forced to cancel your booking.
Booking Amendments
- Amendments to increase the length of the booking can be made at no cost. Amendments to decrease the booking will be charged at a minimum of NZD$60.00 provided the amendments occur at least 33 days prior to departure date.
- If rental dates are amended within 17 days of vehicle pick up, no refund will be made if the hire is shortened.
- If the pickup or drop off rental location is amended within 17 days of vehicle pick up, a relocation fee may apply.
- Changes to the drop off rental location after the rental has commenced must be approved by supplier's reservations. If approved a minimum charge of NZ$750 may apply.
- Rental extension, whilst on hire, must be approved by the supplier's reservations. The extra cost must be paid on confirmation of the rental extension.
Extra Fees
Regretfully, no refunds can be given for any unused portion of your holiday. However, your travel insurance may in some circumstances cover the unused portion. Refunds for hires paid and cancelled prior to pick up will be subject to our cancellation policy. If it is determined that a refund is due, Tui Campers will process the refund back to the original credit card charged, or a refund cheque will be posted if payment was made by direct debit or cash. All refunds will be made in NZ$ and Tui Campers does not accept any liability for currency exchange rate fluctuations. Refunds are processed once a week.
All vehicles are supplied with a full tank of fuel at the start of hire, and must be returned with a full tank at the end of your hire otherwise a refuelling fee will apply.
Hires are also liable for AdBlue diesel additive as required - $60 per hire.
llustrations and text in any of our brochures or website are a representation only of the vehicle depicted. Variances in the vehicles offered for rental may occur due to substitutions made by Tui Campers or modifications and/or upgrades to the vehicle design made by the manufacturer. Prices may be subject to change due to factors beyond the control of Tui Campers. Any changes in price affecting a client between the time of booking and payment received will be advised immediately. The company takes no responsibility for any detention, delay, loss, damage or injury that a hirer might experience no matter how it is caused or by whom. The company's rental agreement is the sole contract for hiring the vehicle, between the company and the hirer and passenger(s). These conditions cannot be varied or altered or waived by any employee, agent or representative of the company or by anyone providing services or facilities. The company cannot be bound by any representative or statement unless it is confirmed in writing by the company's directors or management. Your travel agent will forward deposits and other payments to us on your behalf, but your travel agent is not our agent for the purpose of the receipt of monies. Note terms & conditions and rates are subject to change without notice. Terms of booking on this website
Information disclaimer
The rates on this website are often heavily discounted. This is due to our negotiated rates and bulk buying power. On very rare occasions, a rate may be displayed incorrectly due to our, or a vehicle supplier's error. In such a case, if you book with us at a quoted rate that is incorrect, we will notify you of any price change and give you the option to proceed or cancel. We make every effort to keep information on our site up to date, but we cannot guarantee this website is free of errors or omissions and retain the right to update or change the information published at any time.
To the extent permitted by law we/the owners of this website will not be liable to you or to any third party (whether in contract, tort, or otherwise) for any direct, indirect or consequential loss or damage (including but not limited to any accident, injury, delay or loss of enjoyment) arising out of your reliance upon information contained on this website, including but not limited to your use (or inability to use) any products or services described or procured through this website.
When you pick up your vehicle, you will be required to sign a rental agreement with the supplier of the vehicle. Your rental and use of the vehicle will be governed by the terms of the rental agreement and any other documentation or information provided to you by the supplier at the time you pick up your vehicle. The rental agreement is between you and the supplier and we will not be liable to you or to any third party in relation to the terms of the supplier's rental agreement or any other documentation provided to you by the supplier at the time of pick up.
While we will make reasonable efforts to ensure we are representing only reputable suppliers, we make no warranty about the fitness or suitability of any third party (supplier) product or service and will not accept responsibility for the quality or fitness of any vehicle. If you encounter issues with the vehicle whilst on hire, you MUST report these issues directly to the relevant supplier at the earliest possible time. This will allow the supplier to remedy any issues and minimise any inconvenience to you. If you fail to report any vehicle issues during your rental, it is likely that compensation will not be offered. We welcome feedback from our customers on their experience with our suppliers. We may, at our discretion, provide you with reasonable assistance in resolving any dispute you may have with a supplier.
Our total liability to you in relation to your use of this website and the information contained on this website will not exceed the dollar amount of the deposit we have received from you in relation to your booking/rental. Refunds will not be made for bookings cancelled due to inclement weather. Again, we strongly recommend that you take out travel insurance. Your use of this website is governed by the laws of New Zealand and the jurisdiction of the New Zealand courts.
Booking information
To make a booking you must complete our booking form which is easy to follow and secured with the latest encryption technology. Once we receive your form, we will, subject to availability, confirm your booking by emailing you a confirmation voucher and invoice. The deposit required to secure your vehicle (as shown on the secure booking page) will only be processed on your credit card when your booking is confirmed. Please note that a 2% credit card or debit card surcharge will be added when your payment is processed.
A booking is confirmed when you have been emailed a confirmation voucher and at this stage the deposit is processed on your card and becomes non-refundable and any cancellation fees stated in the supplier's terms apply. Upon receipt of your confirmation, please check your details carefully and notify us immediately if there are any incorrect details, as it may not be possible to make changes at a later date.
If you are booking via phone, please make sure you have read the terms and conditions of the vehicle you wish to rent first. Our reservations consultant will ask you if you have read the terms and agree to them before proceeding. The onus is always on the renter to ensure they make themselves fully aware of the terms displayed on our website.
Information disclosure
In booking on this website you acknowledge that we disclose your information to your selected Supplier in order to provide the requested rental services.
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Motorhome rental alterations (all charges stated in local currency): 25.00
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SPEECH TITLES AND/OR TOPICS Click Here for Detailed Description
Management | Entrepreneurship | Leadership | Disruptive Innovation | Economy | Globalization | Innovation | Strategic Planning
Bill Reichert is a company builder, an enabler of entrepreneurial visions. Bill searches the globe for brilliant entrepreneurial teams, focusing on the team's passion and commitment, not just numbers and spreadsheets. Bill is currently Managing Director of Garage Technology Ventures, a seed and early-stage venture capital fund that looks for "extraordinary entrepreneurs with unique technologies that can become great companies." As a co-founder of Garage along with Guy Kawasaki, Bill knows that entrepreneurship is about creating value, not just wealth. And great companies are started by brilliant teams, not just brilliant individuals.


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Dog food reviews
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Dry Dog Foods
2 Star Dry Dog Food
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Hills Pet Nutrition Hills Prescription J/D
Date of last review
Mon January 29, 2007
Recommended By
Average Price
Average Rating
No recommendations
None indicated
None indicated
Feeding guideline:
A 50lb dog should be fed 3 1/3 cups (330 g) - 4 1/2 cups (445 g)
Metabolizable Energy:
3408 kcal/kg (336 kcal/per cup)
Ground Whole Grain Corn, Chicken By-Product Meal, Flaxseed, Soybean Mill Run, Brewers Rice, Soybean Meal, Peanut Hulls, Chicken Liver Flavor, Fish Oil, Pork Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols and citric acid), Dried Egg Product, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Choline Chloride, Iodized Salt, Vitamin E Supplement, vitamins (L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate (source of vitamin C), Vitamin E Supplement, Niacin, Thiamine Mononitrate, Vitamin A Supplement, Calcium Pantothenate, Biotin, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Folic Acid, Vitamin D3 Supplement), Taurine, Soy Lecithin, Glucosamine Hydrochloride, minerals (Ferrous Sulfate, Zinc Oxide, Copper Sulfate, Manganous Oxide, Calcium Iodate, Sodium Selenite), L-Tryptophan, L-Carnitine, preserved with Mixed Tocopherols and Citric Acid, Chondroitin Sulfate, Beta-Carotene, Rosemary Extract.
Average Nutrient Content:
Protein 17.0 Minimum
Fat 11.0 Minimum
Carbohydrate (NFE) 46.9
Crude Fiber 12.0 Maximum
Calcium 0.45 Minimum
Phosphorus 0.30 Minimum
Sodium 0.16
Potassium 0.77
Magnesium 0.133
Carnitine 200 ppm Minimum
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Total 2.00 Minimum Omega-6:Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio 0.7 : 1
Omega-6 Fatty Acids Total 2.29
Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) 2.40 2
EPA 0.25 Minimum
Intended for:
Product Characteristics:
Omega-3 Fatty Acids High
EPA High
Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA) High
Omega-6:Omega-3 Ratio Less than 1
Carnitine High
Glucosamine, Chondroitin Sulfate Added
Added Antioxidants Help reduce free radical damage to counteract oxidative stress
Post a Reply
Registered: October 2005
Posts: 3953
Review Date:
Mon January 29, 2007
Would you recommend the product?
| Price you paid?:
Not Indicated
| Rating:
Inadequate meat content, use of by-products, grains and fillers of the lowest possible quality
The first ingredient in this food is ground corn. Corn is a difficult to digest grain, which limits its nutritional value for dogs. We consider this to be a low quality ingredient. It is also commonly associated with allergy and skin problems. Just as importantly, this is the main ingredient in the food - a grain, whereas dog food should be based on meat.
The are no real meat products in this food at all. The closest is chicken by-product meal, a very low quality ingredient which is defined as "consisting of the ground, rendered, clean parts of the carcass of slaughtered chicken, such as necks, feet, undeveloped eggs and intestines, exclusive of feathers, except in such amounts as might occur unavoidable in good processing practice".
Flaxseed is a useful addition, but this is followed by more waste products. Soybean Mill Run is the ground hulls (outer shell) of soybeans after the useful bean meat and oil has been extracted. This food also contains peanut hulls - making it appear more of a means of waste disposal than dog food. Brewers rice is a further by-product of very low quality. Soybean meal, the ground remains of soybeans after extraction of oil, provides additional low quality protein to the food. We prefer not to see the use of any form of soy in dog food as this is an ingredient of low quality and commonly causing allergy problems.
We would prefer to see the use of whole eggs rather than egg product in the food.
Overall, we consider this to be a very low quality product. It contains no quality meat at all, instead relying on low grade meat and soy by-products to provide a level of crude protein that is below the AAFCO macronutrient profile for adult maintenance. Most of the ingredients used in this food are waste products (consider floor sweepings). The food has been given a 2-star rating, but would be amongst the lowest quality in this class and a 1-star rating was strongly considered.
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7 Night Perfect Day Bahamas Cruise
7 Night Perfect Day Bahamas Cruise
Cruise Line: Royal Caribbean Cruises
Cruise Ship: Oasis of the Seas
Departs: Sun, Aug 29, 2021 Bayonne, New Jersey
Arrives: Sun, Sep 05, 2021 Bayonne, New Jersey
Dates & Prices
Special Offers
Up to $150 onboard credit (spending cash) per cabin on this sailingMention Promo Code: PC-AT100
Shipboard Credit Offer ($50 Per Stateroom)Mention Promo Code: PC-43822
30% Off Every Guest + Kids Sail Free!Mention Promo Code: PC-43123
30% Off Every Guest + Kids Sail Free!
30% Off Every Guest + Kids Sail Free!
Promotion Details
30% O Every Guest" O er: Cruise must be booked between March 4 - 31, 2020 ("O er Period"). O er applies to select sailings departing on or after April 4, 2020. "30% O Every Guest" provides 30% o cruise fare for all guests in the stateroom. Savings applied to cruise fare at checkout. Instant savings do not apply to China departures. Kids Sail Free applies to new bookings made between March 4 – 31, 2020. Kids Sail Free provides free cruise fare for 3rd guests and higher who are 12 years old or younger as of cruise departure date, booked in the same stateroom as the fi rst two qualifying guests in a triple or quad-occupancy stateroom. Kids Sail Free applies to select 4-night or longer Alaska, Bahamas, Bermuda, Canada, Caribbean, CaribNE, Coastal, Europe, Hawaii, Repositioning and all 2020 Serenade of the Seas sailings departing between April 18, 2020 – December 17, 2020 and January 8, 2021 – May 17, 2021. O er excludes 2020 Peak Summer (Sailings between May 15 – August 31, 2020), 2020 Thanksgiving sailings (Sailings between November 21 - 28, 2020), 2021 President's Day Sailings (Sailings between February 12 – 15, 2021), and 2021 Spring Break and Easter sailings (Sailings between March 13 – April 4, 2021). Taxes, fees, and port expenses are additional and apply to all guests. NRDB cancelled prior to fi nal payment due date will receive a future cruise credit in the amount of the deposit minus a 100USD/CAD per person service fee ("FCC"). FCC is non-transferable and expires after 12-months from issue date. 100USD/CAD per person service fee applies to changes to NRDB ship or sail date. Deposits made toward Guarantees and Grand Suites and higher categories are non-refundable and are subject to NRD Booking Terms. Combinability: 30% O Every Guest and Kids Sail Free are combinable with each other as well as promotional OBCs, NextCruise o ers, Instant Savings, restricted discounts (for example, Seniors, Residents, Military), Promo Code driven o ers, Free Upgrades, Crown and Anchor discounts and Shareholder Benefi ts. O ers are not combinable with any other o er or promotion, including, but not limited to, Standard Group, Interline, Travel Agent, Travel Agent Friends and Family, Weekly Sales Events, and Net Rates. Promo Code driven o ers are based on select ships and sail dates and must be applied at time of booking; limit one promo code per booking. General Terms: All other charges, including, but not limited to, taxes, fees and port expenses, are additional and apply to all guests. Instant savings amount shown in USD and will be converted to currency used for cruise purchase. Savings applied to cruise fare at checkout. Instant savings will be refl ected in checkout as "Dollars O " or "Savings." Onboard Credit will be refl ected in checkout as "Ship Spend" or "Ship Credit." Onboard credit and instant savings do not apply to China departures. OBC is in USD, has no cash value, is non-transferable, not redeemable for cash, and will expire if not used by 10:00 PM on the last evening of the cruise. After the O er Period, the o er will be removed from the booking if the guest cancels and reinstates the booking or rebooks into a new booking on the same ship and sail date, applies a fare change, or changes the ship or sail date of the booking; certain other changes to the booking may also result in removal of the o er. O er applies to new, individual and named group bookings confi rmed at prevailing rates. Individual reservations may be transferred into an existing group, assuming required criteria are met; full deposit will be required at time of transfer. Failure to apply the required full deposit amount may result in the cancellation of the booking. Single occupancy guests paying 200% cruise fare are eligible for full amount of o er; single occupancy guests paying less than 200% cruise fare are eligible for a prorated amount of the o er. O er available to residents of United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, and select countries in the Caribbean. Prices and o ers are subject to availability and change without notice, capacity controlled, and may be withdrawn at any time. Refer to www.RoyalCaribbean.com for complete terms and conditions. Royal Caribbean International reserves the right to correct any errors, inaccuracies or omissions and to change or update fares, fees and surcharges at any time without prior notice.
|Aug 29, 2021
|Cape Liberty - Nj (ny Metro)
|4:00 p.m.
|Aug 30, 2021
|At Sea
|Aug 31, 2021
|Orlando (port Canaveral) - Fl
|1:00 p.m.
|9:00 p.m.
|Sep 01, 2021
|Perfect Day Cococay - Bahamas
|9:00 a.m.
|6:00 p.m.
|Sep 02, 2021
|Nassau - Bahamas
|7:00 a.m.
|6:00 p.m.
|Sep 03, 2021
|At Sea
|Sep 04, 2021
|At Sea
|Sep 05, 2021
|Cape Liberty - Nj (ny Metro)
|6:00 a.m.
Ship Information
Built Year
Refurbished Year
Pax Capacity


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Paloma Wool
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Chunky gold ring with 3 pink oval stones surrounded by a dotted and etched detailing.
*Vintage and one of a kind!*
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Archer Awards
Cindy Torres Essell
Associate director, professional development and diversity,
Thompson Hine
FROM THE NOMINATION: Cindy Torres Essell has been more than competent in making sure lawyers at Thompson Hine are more than competent as they advance throughout the law firm.
She led the development and implementation of the firm's "competency model," which "describes the observable performance expectations of all of our lawyers below the partner level," according to the nomination. Before lawyers are promoted, "they must demonstrate that they have the knowledge, values, attitudes and skills required to practice law competently," the nomination stated.
Non-partner lawyers are slotted at one of three levels — associate, mid-level associate or senior associate — and are assigned a corresponding set of competencies to meet before they're considered to move to the next level.
With the help of the firm's in-house IT staff, a Learning Management System was developed to enable partners to track their attainment of the competencies, and the HR pro is developing a new training curriculum for the firm based on the competency model.
She also coordinates the Partnering Committee, which is a group of non-partner lawyers from all Thompson Hine offices that convenes quarterly to discuss key issues and concerns and helps the firm identify ways to address them.
Her work in the diversity area enabled Thompson Hine to be recognized as an inaugural recipient of the Diversity & Inclusion Trailblazer Award presented by the Cleveland Metropolitan Bar Association.
The award is given to a law firm or corporate legal department that "contributes to an inclusive culture for its work force, with its clients and/or within the community," the nomination said.
A major factor in receiving the award was the associate director's work in launching a partnership with Forest City Enterprises Inc. and the Commission on Economic Inclusion that provides executives "with the information and tools that can help them drive diversity within their own organizations."


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Dandau Surname Ancestry Results
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Each weekday through Wednesday, the day before the first round of the NFL draft, The Sun will look at where the Ravens stand at each position, the likelihood that they will address that spot early in the draft and some of the prospects that they may consider.
Today we'll examine outside linebacker:
Current outside linebackers under contract: Terrell Suggs, Elvis Dumervil, Courtney Upshaw, Adrian Hamilton, Michael McAdoo, Spencer Atkins, D.J. Bryant
Chances that the Ravens draft an outside linebacker in first three rounds: Low. Last month's signing of Dumervil gives the Ravens what they had long been seeking: a dominant pass rusher to pair with Suggs. They also used their top pick in last year's draft on Upshaw, who had a pretty solid rookie season, and plan on using defensive end Pernell McPhee a little on the outside. Much like the New York Giants and Pittsburgh Steelers, the Ravens are of the mindset that you can never have enough pass rushers. However, they are pretty content with their stable of outside linebackers and it doesn't figure to be a priority on either Day One or Day Two of the draft.
Possibly on Ravens' radar: Arthur Brown (Kansas State), Brandon Jenkins (Florida State), Jarvis Jones (Georgia), Sio Moore (Connecticut), Keith Pough (Howard)
Outlook: Barring injuries, the Ravens are pretty set at this spot. Dumervil filled a major hole and answered the departure of last year's sack leader, Paul Kruger, to the Cleveland Browns. Upshaw also proved last year that he can be trusted to set the edge and be a presence against the run while Suggs should be much healthier than he was at any point last season. The Ravens go into virtually every draft looking to grab a pass rusher and this one probably will be no different. But the likelihood is that they'll look for one in the later rounds that they can develop slowly, sort of what they're trying to do with Hamilton and McAdoo if the latter can stay healthy. After a season in which he was forced to piece together his linebacker groupings, defensive coordinator Dean Pees would love to have the "problem" of trying to find snaps for four or five impact outside linebackers. However, there are too many other needs on the Ravens' defense to foresee them addressing this position early in the draft.


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Views: 1327
One way it bothers me Steven, is that some people, with those deluded beliefs, make the laws in this country, and are trying to make the US into a Christian theocracy (get a dictionary and look it up!), and that will affect everyone. Even now, some students in some states are being taught that evolution is wrong, and that the earth and everything in it was created in six days - do you really want children learning that? They live in a world filled with intelligent people who know better.
Speaking or religion and politics, old, crazy Rick ("Oops!") Perry, Governor of Texas, has filed suit against the Federal Government - he wants to force the Fed to release the share of the gold stored in Fort Knox, that belongs to Texas, to be returned to the state. It's fun to watch for what Crazy Rick will do next
Ahhhh explains a lot . If it quacks like a duck chances are it is a duck. He sounded religious.
Thats cool my nickname is ducksie,of course there is a God,I was only chatting to the creator this afternoon
There have always been the gullible, the fragile, the vulnerable. ...And the people ready to exploit them. I call it the P. T. Barnum Effect. People will thump a Bible or some other device to gain power over others. While there are those telling themselves they are doing good for humanity, mainly it is to keep the adherents afraid to disagree or question.
I've heard this argument ("all religions are equally insane") several times, but some belief systems are clearly more secretive, cultish, and marginalized by choice. Scientology in particular keeps beliefs secret even for members, until they reach certain stages of brainwashing. Family members are separated on the basis of belief vs non-belief. Their beliefs are so outrageous that they learn how not to talk about them except, secretly.
If any of my kids decided to join a mainstream church, I'd feel sad, but not worried. If either wanted to join Scientology, I would absolutely worry that I may never even see them again. Belief systems are most definitely not always equal in severity.
The argument of "which is more insane" is not as significant to me as the question of "which can be the most harmful or malevolent", or (say) "which should we discuss or expose the most". And the answers can depend on which periods of history we consider, too. I think I'd want to make this open-ended question more specific, and perhaps most relevant to current day.
So what are you going to do, now that you're out of a job, draw unemployment? They didn't even give you a gold watch, did they?
LOL, should I change my name now, at least?
To Emeritus?
I'm thinkin' --


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