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Shady Ladies – Marla Sokoloff
Our celebrity blogger Marla Sokoloff is a new mama!
Since audiences first got to know her at age 12 as Gia on Full House, Sokoloff has had many memorable TV roles – Jody on Party of Five, Lucy on The Practice, Claire on Desperate Housewives – as well as turns on the big screen in Whatever It Takes, Dude, Where's My Car? and Sugar & Spice.
Sokoloff, 32, also sings and plays guitar and released an album, Grateful, in 2005.
She wed her husband, music composer Alec Puro, in November 2009 and the couple – plus pup Coco Puro – make their home in Los Angeles.
You can find Marla, now mom to 19-month-old daughter Elliotte Anne, on Twitter.
Hello everybody – hope you all had a fantastic summer!
First things first … I cannot believe you guys didn't tell me how much fun having an 18-month-old is! This has been the most exciting age by a landslide so far.
Miss Elliotte is talking up a storm and making my stomach ache with laughter on a daily basis. Her personality has completely blossomed and she is quite the little lady now!
Over the past few weeks she has become completely obsessed with everything makeup and jewelry. Every time I turn around she is digging through my purse trying to find the right shade of pink to apply to her forehead. Apparently we've been doing it completely wrong all these years, ladies!
Lovin' lipstick – Marla Sokoloff
With no nudging on my part by the way, she has decided that she wants to be a total girly girl and has the purse (courtesy of Grandma Sokoloff) to prove it! I guess it's time to hide the designer handbags…
For this month's entry I thought we would revisit pregnancy. Some of us loved it, some of us hated it, but no matter how you feel about it, we all LOVE a celebrity doing it right? That way, they can get the swollen feet and the extra pounds while we sit back in our skinny jeans sipping champagne!
(Well, maybe not the last part but a girl can dream right?)
Meet my friend Rachael Leigh Cook, star of TNT's Perception and mommy-to-be. If I told you how long Rachael and I have known each other it would make the two of us look old, but let's just say we did a movie together at the start of our careers called The Baby-Sitters Club.
Me a.k.a. Cokie Mason and Rachael a.k.a Mary Anne Spier – Everett
Rachael took some time out of her busy schedule to answer some fun questions about being knocked up. Hope you guys enjoy!
Marla: Congrats on your pregnancy – you look absolutely amazing! Sooo … how are you feeling?
Rachael: Ahaha thank you! One of the best things about gestation is that people tell you that you look great, even when it is far from true. That said, I don't turn down a compliment so thank you!
I feel a-okay so far. I know that a lot of women have horrendously difficult pregnancies so I am feeling very lucky. (Knock on wood!)
Marla: Have you had any nausea or weird ailments that you weren't expecting? I recently read an interview with you where you talked about the ever-present "pregnancy brain." I hate to be the one that tells you that when the baby comes out, that symptom increases by about 450 percent and turns into something called "mom brain."
Rachael: Oh nooooo!! That is terrifying! I am running on precious few brain cells these days as is. Other weird ailments include spontaneous crying (sad songs, news items, and stories – This American Life, The Moth, etc. just KILL me these days!) and serious nesting instincts are setting in. Cleaning out the garage and basement, getting rid of old stuff just feels great.
One other strange side effect is that everybody else – whom I know to be normal sized – now looks positively emaciated to me. Perspective.
Rockin' her Children's Place jacket – Marla Sokoloff
Marla: Stop. You are adorably pregnant! Speaking of, any cravings? Please tell me something gluttonous like Taco Bell to make myself feel better about my 50 plus pregnancy pounds!
Rachael: Marla, you tiny thing, I don't want to hear it!! You are hilarious and braver than I for even looking at the scale when you were carrying. Yeah, after I gained 30 pounds I stopped checking and started stepping on the scale backwards at my appointments. I just don't care how much I gain at this stage as long as I know that the little stowaway is okay. No need to have a number associated with this excellent experience.
As for the cravings, I was shooting for the first six months so craft service was my best and worst craving ally. Anything was available to me at any given time. Taking particular punishment were citrus fruits, especially pineapple, popcorn and apple fritters. Forget it.
Marla: Well at least you got your fruit in there! It's very refreshing to hear an actress say they don't care about gaining weight even while pregnant, so thank you for your candor. I completely agree, as long as your little chicken is healthy, that's truly all that matters. I don't know about you, but I was just happy to not have to diet for the first time in well … forever! What has surprised you the most about being pregnant?
Rachael: How directly it can put you in touch with your own mortality. Knowing that you are, in some ways, growing your "replacement" in a cosmic sense, can really make you feel like the transient, temporary being that we all are. Living in L.A. doesn't help the illusion that we are going to be around forever too, so I think this process is likely part of a needed wake-up call.
Also, how it has made me totally obsessed with my husband. I know (from reading too much online) that he's supposed to be getting on my nerves because of the hormones, but I have never loved him more. That's the BEST.
Marla: Ummm okay, that's the most ridiculously adorable answer ever! I love that and now I love your husband! You are going to love him even more when you see him rocking your little one at 3 a.m. while you "sleep" with one eye open. It's pretty amazing how you can fall in love all over again with someone you have been with for so many years.
What has been your pregnancy "must have" thus far? For me it was my trusty pregnancy pillow that literally saved me every single night!
Rachael: Oh man, I have to get one of those! Thanks for the tip, sleeping just started to get rocky.
I would say that my favorite pregnancy item/accessory involved is the pants. Maternity pants are where it's at. All other pants have been conspiring to waste my time for the last 33 years.
Marla: I couldn't agree more. Once those bad boys came into my life, it took months to break up with them. Why don't all jeans have a stretchy waistband anyway? Is there a favorite brand that you've been wearing?
Rachael: My faves are the Jessica Simpson for Motherhood brand that Pea in the Pod sells. People actually ask if they are maternity or not.
Bathing beauty – Marla Sokoloff
Marla: What part of motherhood are you most looking forward to?
Rachael: Marla, I have very short-term goals in this area! I will be very impressed with myself if I can just get this kid here into the outside world safely. I don't feel qualified to pull this whole thing off, if I'm being honest. So it's a clich but I have to say it, just having a healthy kid is all I want.
Marla: Not clich at all – and you are most certainly qualified! Are you finding out the sex or keeping it a surprise?
Rachael: We did find out the sex. We didn't plan to initially but my husband and I have largely been apart for this thing, which was very difficult on several levels, so finding out the sex felt like a good way to make it all seem more real. I'm glad we did.
That said, we're keeping it to friends and ourselves for now. I don't know why. Oh yeah, because I'm a paranoid weirdo.
Marla: Fair enough. Will the baby's name be North?
Rachael: Ha! Yes. No really, I respect that they went for a unique name, that takes guts. The same props go to you; Elliotte is such a beautiful name. Okay, I'll stop comparing you to Kimye now.
Marla: No, compare away! I really see the similarities between us as well. In all honesty, if you want some unsolicited advice on the name front, I would say different and unique is definitely the way to go – but be prepared for the harsh criticism.
I just loved her name so much I didn't think so many people would hate it! People don't shy away from telling me just how much they hate it which always bums me out a bit. That being said, if I had to do it all over again, her name would still be Elliotte. Thank you for the compliment – glad you also like it!
Anything you want to ask me? I've been a mom for an entire 18 months now, so I've really got this Mom thing down. (Translation: I HAVE NO CLUE WHAT I'M DOING.)
Rachael: Ha! So silly, you're doing great. I can tell by the fact that you have the time to do this column. And regarding questions … YES!
1. Do I really need to go on a hospital tour? I've heard it's not really necessary. Ditto birthing class. I am more of the, "Just give me the drugs and let's do this" school.
Marla: Great question. We took a hospital tour – I liked the idea of seeing the room beforehand. Somehow it made it less stressful to know where to check in while I wasn't hyperventilating and writhing in pain. (Don't worry, that won't happen to you. Your birth will be pain-free!)
I totally dropped the ball on the birthing class! I don't think it's a bad idea to be honest, but by the time I got around to calling, the classes were full and my little girl was coming within weeks so I just improvised if you will.
Rachael: I am signed up to do a newborn care class, lactation coaching and baby CPR, but is there anything else I'm forgetting?
Marla: Good call on ALL of those classes! I would have been useless without the newborn preparation class. I think that covers it! Keep that lactation coach's card handy because you will most likely need a refresher course once the real subject has arrived. Elliotte and I had our struggles in that department and our coach was everything to us.
Ready for take-off – Marla Sokoloff
Rachael: Did you use a doula? Everyone says they are the best, but I am worried about it starting to get crowded. Plus, who wants a stranger in the room?
Marla: We didn't use a doula. I really wanted it to just be my husband and me in the room, but that is a personal preference. Obviously if you were choosing to go without an epidural I would say you should have someone there besides your husband, just in case you cause him physical harm.
Rachael: So great chatting with you Marla and I can't wait to meet your little girl in person! I can't wait to make our kids watch The Baby-Sitters Club with us someday and try to make them understand that we were young once, too.
Marla: Totally! So great catching up with you Rachael. I look forward to hearing the big announcement!! If you need anything in the meantime or need me to come swaddle in the middle of the night, do not hesitate to give me a shout.
You can find Rachael on Twitter @RachaelLCook. And as always, Tweet me @MarlaSok.
Until next time,
– Marla Sokoloff
More from Marla's PEOPLE.com blog series:
- Marla Sokoloff's Blog: No … I Really Mean It
- Marla Sokoloff's Blog: Elliotte Anne's Numero Uno … and Baby No. 2?
- Marla Sokoloff's Blog: Adventures in Baby Traveling


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Pacific Vinyl Plank & Tile Flooring has a total thickness of 2mm. It also has a wear layer of 0.15mm.
Vinyl flooring looks like the material it emulates but is always a fraction of the price of the real alternatives. Thanks to modern technology and interpretations, it would take a real expert to inspect the difference between vinyl flooring and the real thing. Pacific vinyl floors also have plenty of benefits... They are comfortable for walking on as it has a cushioned backing, and works well with underfloor heating to maintain heat all year round. Alternatives do not provide this. Vinyl is also hard-wearing and durable, meaning it can withstand lots of foot traffic, as well as being non-absorbent, anti-slip and easy to clean. This makes it suitable for the bathroom, kitchen, hallway, lounge and dining room, aided by the fact it is available in many different styles and designs.
Whether you want it for commercial or residential purposes, a vinyl floor is often durable enough to withstand heavy volumes of traffic. This means it can go in pretty much in any room in your house, whether it be the bathroom, kitchen or hallway. Flooring Direct allow you to get creative with your patterned vinyl flooring to make it exactly how you want it.
FREE Standard Delivery
PLEASE NOTE: This is our busiest time of year, please expect small delays on your delivery (3-5 working days)
Free and fast delivery is available on all orders over £100.00 for mainland England, Wales & Scotland*. Deliveries to the Highlands have a £25 charge applied to all orders. Fast and free delivery does not apply to laminate or wood flooring deliveries due to the fragile nature of the product so we have a £29 delivery fee for these products to send with a specialist courier to avoid damages.
Delivery is £11.95 on orders under £100*
*Excludes offshore locations & the Scottish Highlands where a surcharge may apply. Please contact us for a quote.
Free delivery is available on all accessories.
Deliveries will be made via our courier between the hours of 8am & 6pm on the day of delivery. We cannot provide exact delivery dates or times but do provide you with full tracking information, within 24 hours, detailing who your order will be delivered by and a tracking number so that you may check their website for updates directly.
Next Working Day Delivery is available on most orders 50kg or less placed before 7.30am, but cannot be guaranteed. Delivery is to a ground floor location only, access permitting. Driver may require assistance on large items.
Please Note Orders over 50kg will be sent using our own fleet of transport and will usually take up to 7 working days, this time could be reduced as we have set days of delivery for certain parts of the country. Please contact us for further details if you require.
Please inspect your goods as any damages must be noted on the courier documentation and refused at the point of delivery for any claims to be upheld. You sign to accept successful delivery of your goods from the courier.
Deliveries refused at this point for any other reasons other than damage will result in you being liable for the full cost of the delivery, return and subsequent re-delivery charges.
Please be advised that whilst we do our best to ensure your order arrives with you on time we do not guarantee deliveries as we use a third party courier and therefore recommend you do not book any tradespeople until you have received and checked your order.
If you are not happy with the quality or colour of your order or it is simply not what you were expecting we will be happy for you to return your order to us for a refund. We offer free samples on over 95% of the products we sell so we accept no responsibility for orders that do not match your specification if you have not ordered a free sample, we will still accept the order to be returned to us for a refund but we will not be responsible to arrange or cover the costs of any return postage. We also reserve the right to deduct any original postage costs incurred by ourselves before refunding your order.
Deliveries made to Highlands postcodes and offshore locations will incur an additional surcharge dependent on items ordered so please contact us to clarify prior to placing an order.
Size and weight restrictions may require specialist courier assistance and therefore delay delivery.
We want you to be completely happy with your purchase from Flooring Direct therefore we operate a 30 day returns policy.
All we ask is that you return the item back to us in the original packaging and the products are in the same condition at the time of purchase.
We cannot accept any cut or fitted products so please fully inspect your goods before any fitting takes place or fitters are booked.
Any returns are your responsibility to get back to us so please instruct a professional courier who will provide you with insurance for the return as we cannot accept, refund or replace any damaged items back into our warehouse.
If you are not happy with the quality of colour of your order or it is simply not what you were expecting we will be happy for you to return your order to us for a refund. We offer free samples on over 95% of the products we sell so we accept no responsibility for orders that do not match your specification where a sample has not been ordered beforehand. We will still accept your order to be returned to us for a refund but will not be responsible for the arrangement nor will we cover any costs of the return postage. We also reserve the right to deduct any original postage costs incurred by ourselves before refunding your order.
To assist us in processing your return and efficiently as possible please provide a covering letter with your return detailing your name, order reference (return reference) and date, with a brief explanation of the reason for your return.
Please email us for the return address where we will provide you with our returns address and a return number to add to your parcel.
Returns will be received and inspected so refunds can usually be expected within 72 hours of the receipt of the return.
Payment & Security
Flooring Direct takes security seriously. We use industry-standard secure sockets layer (SSL) 128-bit encryption technology to ensure that all your personal and transactional information is encrypted before transmission.
Our robust security policies are to safeguard your privacy from unauthorised access / improper use and we will continue to implement ever-more secure technology as it becomes available.
We cannot be responsible for the privacy policies and practices of other websites. If you access partner or affiliate sites using links from our website, we recommend that you check their security policy when you visit. Wherever possible we've linked with sites that show the same commitment to security and also offer SSL encryption.
For maximum security, we ask you to choose a password to access your data on our site. Your password is unique and helps us to protect your personal information. You must keep this password safe and must not disclose it to anyone.
We have a few options for you if you forget your password or you want to change it for any reason. Simply click the link at the top right of our homepage or for more help simply email us.
Please note that communications over the Internet are not secure unless they have been encrypted, never disclose sensitive information in an email/webmail. Your communications may route through a number of countries before being delivered - this is the nature of the World Wide Web/Internet. We cannot accept responsibility for any unauthorised access or loss of personal information that is beyond our control.
The buyer of the goods must make payment in full to the seller before the goods will be dispatched. Partial payment for goods or services will not be accepted.
Payment is accepted by Visa, MasterCard, Switch, Delta, Visa Debit, Visa Electron, Maestro. We do not accept cheques.
All payments will be processed via Sagepay unless otherwise stated.
The personal data collected whilst processing a payment will be used in full compliance with the Data Protection Act 1998 and in accordance with the published Privacy Policy.
Payments are processed at the time of order and will be deducted from your nominated payment account, if insufficient funds are available for the order to be processed your payment will be automatically declined.
We will not be liable for any additional card, bank processing fees or charges (such as refund charges or overdraft facilities or similar) incurred as a result of ordering any goods and services from us.

subset: commoncrawl


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In line with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), we have updated our privacy and cookies policy. Please see our privacy policy, which it is assumed you have read and accepted, if you continue to view pages and properties on this website.
One of the obvious limiting factors in choosing where you want to live is whether or not you will need to change your job and whether you can find a new job reasonably close to where you want to live. Many people living in social housing want to work but find it difficult to secure suitable employment. This can be for many reasons which could include childcare, disabilities and/or lack of training and skills. Please note all the links on this page will open a new window and take you to another web site.
Housing and Employment Destinations or HED is something we have created to help people back into work. You answer a series of questions and are then given information on a range of subjects that is relevant to you. In addition HED has job search functionality which shows vacancies available now. Click here to jump to the HED pages.
The borough's Job Shops can support residents with all aspects of looking for work, including CVs, job search, interview skills and short vocational training courses. You can find further details on the Barking and Dagenham website.
Another website that might be useful for you is the East Thames site they offer help with employment and training opportunities - click here to go to their website.
If you are a Family Mosaic tenant, there is support for you in accessing training and employment opportunities. Trained and experienced Employment Liaison Officers are available to support you through the process of identifying and being best prepared for the job you want. As well as employment opportunities Family Mosaic can offer work placements to our residents to give them up to date experience, a reference and an opportunity to update their CV. Click on to the Family Mosaic website http://www.familymosaic.co.uk/ for further information or telephone 020 7089 1345 to speak to a member of the pathways2work team.
Workplace is a recruitment agency committed to supporting local people looking for work, and helping employers to find the right staff. Their free service is on offer to Newham residents and employers across London.
Workplace was developed to make sure local people benefit from local regeneration. They are a one-stop-shop where Newham residents can receive advice about their employment options or guidance about business start-up, and where employers across London can place their vacancies to recruit quality staff.
For more information, click here to go to the Workplace website.
Gov.uk is the main government website. It gives advice on training and employment. It even carries a number of available jobs which you can search for by area and type. You can search for jobs by type and area. Click here to visit the gov.uk website.
Jobcentre plus is another government site which gives advice and tries to help people back to work - to open a new window and visit their website click here.
There are also jobs available here in the public sector and in not for profit organisations.
The London Mayor's web site also has advice on finding work, to visit this web site with general advice click here or you can click here to see the specific jobs available now. It has plenty of advice and other web site links. If you want information on Apprenticeships you can click on this link.
There is sometimes specific help for those looking for work or who have just found work. The best place to keep track of these is on the Citizens Advice Bureau website which you can find here.


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by Diana
As for the Natural Energy bee pollen product, when I have to do manual labor in the garden I take this product the day before, in the middle of the day.
The staying power it helps to give me is fantastic considering my age (70!).
Comments for 4 Stars - The power it helps to gives me is fantastic considering my age
Click here to add your own comments
Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to Share Your Xtend Life Bee Pollen Review.
Buying granules or powder that follows certain guidelines can go a long way in curtailing any risk with your daily supplement dosage goals.
Not all honey bee bread is created equal. Some gather their pollen from inferior sources and this affects the nutritional potency of the end product.
Make sure you get only the best quality bee pollen supplement product, I recommend you ensure your supplement follows the following criteria.
>> Buy / Try Xtend Life Bee Pollen Direct From Manufacturer Here <<
A company in New Zealand offers GMP-compliant products, and meets all the above criteria and more.
Their bee pollen comes from one of the most pristine sources on earth in New Zealand that is made in facilities that surpass even U.S. FDA standards.
(They actually meet British Pharmacopoeia standards with some of their procedures, like their herbal extraction procedures).
Their supplement has 11 vitamins, a number of amino acids, enzymes, which complements its effectiveness.
Despite the dozens of bee pollen supplement brands on the market today, we've found that there is only one brand that meets all the criteria of a high-quality natural health supplement, and that brand is Xtend Life's Pollen Natural Energy With New Zealand Bee Pollen.
So what makes this bee pollen product stand out from the rest of the bee pollen products out there? Just take a look at the following reasons:
Probably the best thing about Xtend Life's Pollen Natural Energy With New Zealand Bee Pollen is that you have absolutely nothing to lose when you purchase the product.
This is because they offer an unbelievable one year money-back guarantee to anyone who is not satisfied with the product at all. That is how confident they are in the effectiveness of their products.
When a company does this it really shows how much care and consideration they put into their products to ensure that they are of the highest quality.
If you do not feel any difference within 12 months, you can simply get a full refund, no questions asked.
>> Buy / Try Xtend Life Bee Pollen Direct From Manufacturer Here <<
It's very important to learn about any health product before you start using it. While the official websites do contain a host of details about these products, the best source of information on whether a supplement works or not would come from the feedbacks of people who had actually used the product.
Here are some of what actual users have to say about Xtend Life's Pollen Natural Energy:
5 stars - Natural boost - Regina Sandrine on Sep 20, 2017
I have been using this for the past year. It gives me a boost in natural way. I trust this product 100% for my health and wellness. No side effect. Goodness as gold.
5 stars - Excellent - William S on Sep 10, 2017
An excellent source of energy in the afternoon, or anytime, when I tend to slow down.
5 stars - I will probably never stop taking it! - Doreen on Jan 11, 2017
I have been taking Xtendlife's Natural Energy Bee Pollen for one year now, and will probably never stop taking it. It was recommended to me by my doctor to help with my overall well-being.
Strangely, I found this product to really help me with hot flashes and I think it helps me sleep better at night as well. I can honestly tell a difference when I miss taking it.
I highly recommend Natural Energy Bee Pollen from Xtendlife!! I won't buy it here in the USA as I don't think the quality is as good.
It is a definite 5 stars!
Because when I miss taking it (which I do not miss any doses any more) the hot flashes come back. I do like taking the bee pollen a lot!
My #1 Recommended Bee Pollen Supplement
Buy Xtend Life Natural Energy With New Zealand Bee Pollen here
Ingredients/ Product Label/ Supplement Facts
Customer Reviews & Testimonials
Certificate Of Analysis (Certification Of Quality Assurance)
Price $27.50 USD for 90 capsules (usage: 3 capsules per day)
Member Price $24.75 USD (How Do I Join/Get Member Price?)
I've been taking Xtend Life bee pollen supplement in capsule form since 2014 now and can report superb results including increased energy and improved all-around good health.
If you prefer honey bee bread supplements in a tablet form, this is the ideal way to go, in my opinion.
Short survey: Would you be keen to purchase
If yes, let me know by emailing me at email@example.com - am running a survey to understand how I can support and serve you better.
Thanks and talk soon!


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yo wassup
Just to keep you informed, your Progress thread has been added to the OP in the Film Tribute Competition.
hey, i'm going to disband NGSC and make a new clan.
So..... wanna join?
oh is that so? okay then thanks for the response
wanna join my clan? :/
how do you do? your animation was very good. Your animation was the most coolest in our clan :v
hey AquanaKnight I'm your clan mates ;D
my BG pic in profile is work in my computer , but is not good in other computer. '^'
i maybe to change it's. lol
How are you? Have you saw the regional card that I submit to the chancellor"s corner? It's accepted!!! We have a territory, we joined the RHGT
Can you make a clan id card? http://forums.stickpage.com/showthre...698-NGSC-EVENT
Free time is coming
Skull Enforcer
Senior Member
I am guy Cool ; )
call me Jay
I am a fool on stickpage.
yolo >o>
This Guy.


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Hollywood has had a long-standing love affair with psychiatry (Gabbard and Gabbard, 1999; Schneider, 1987, 1977). Dating from the first psychiatric film, Dr. Dippy's Sanitarium (1906), almost 500 movies dealing with the specialty have been made. While the film industry has demonstrated a particular fascination for depicting psychotherapy, physical treatments including electroconvulsive therapy have also been featured (McDonald and Walter, 2001; Walter, 1998). Indeed, some of the major psychiatric films--The Snake Pit (1948), One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), Frances (1982) and Shine (1996)--have prominent convulsive therapy scenes. (See the Table for a selected chronology of films depicting ECT.)
Portrayals of ECT reflect and influence public attitudes toward the treatment. For example, in a survey of lay attitudes toward convulsive therapy, the majority of respondents who had seen One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest were "put off ECT" by the film (O'Shea and McGennis, 1983). In another study, one-third of medical students decreased their support for the treatment after being shown ECT scenes from movies, and the proportion of students who would dissuade a family member or friend from having ECT rose from less than 10% prior to viewing to almost 25% afterward (Walter et al., 2002). So what is the legacy of portrayals that have been so abhorrent, and are there any exceptions to the rule?
Electroconvulsive therapy made its film debut in 1948 in Anatole Litvak's Academy Award-winning The Snake Pit, a movie set at Juniper Hill State Hospital. The film follows the path to recovery of Virginia Cunningham (Olivia de Havilland), a young writer who develops a psychosis shortly after marriage. Taken to the ECT room for treatment, a perplexed Virginia sees the previous patient being wheeled out, mouth guard still protruding. Fully conscious, Virginia asks before receiving the treatment, "Why are you electrocuting me?" Trumpets and flutes loudly announce the delivery of the electrical current. After three further treatments, mild improvement is noted and Virginia's psychiatrist terminates the course, much to the annoyance of the officious head nurse. Psychotherapy could then begin.
The second celluloid appearance is in Fear Strikes Out (1957), a recounting of the true story of Jim Piersall, a baseball player who suffered a catatonic breakdown shortly after joining the Boston Red Sox. Soon after his admission to hospital, the psychiatrist seeks consent for "electroshock" from Jim's wife. "I can't promise anything, and I won't minimize the risk," he declares, without elaborating upon the latter. After several treatments, Jim emerges from catatonia and can engage in psychotherapy. Electroconvulsive therapy was again a helpful adjunct to the psychotherapist's treatment.
After such a promising start, ECT is progressively depicted more negatively. In Shock Corridor (1963), a reporter becomes psychotic and receives convulsive therapy. The portrayed treatment is barbaric. The reporter is strapped to a table with leather bands on his arms and legs, as a rolled-up bandage wad is shoved into his mouth. His recovery is short-lived and, by the movie's end, he is frozen and mute.
Subsequent films during the heyday of the antipsychiatry movement portrayed ECT as an agent of social control, a protector of the status quo, a weapon against individual freedom. In A Woman Under the Influence (1974), Mabel, the overburdened matriarch of a wild young family, cannot cope with her unruly children and her frenzied husband; she has a "nervous breakdown" and is taken to a psychiatric hospital. The underlying theme is that the real problem is the family (society), and her reaction is entirely appropriate. When she returns home, Mabel announces that she received shock treatment every day in hospital. Nothing has changed and, shortly afterward, she attempts to cut her wrists.
The quintessential antipsychiatry movie is One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), in which the misguided and malevolent role of psychiatry is explicitly made. The movie follows the fate of Randle Patrick McMurphy (Jack Nicholson) as the renegade individualist clashing with society. McMurphy, a small-time criminal feigning psychiatric illness to dodge jail, is sent for an inpatient assessment. He becomes locked in a battle of wills with the staff, who soon call on ever stronger weapons: first medicines, then ECT seizures and finally bilateral frontal lobotomy. Near the beginning of the film, McMurphy stimulates a patient revolt on the ward. After a scuffle with the staff, he and two others are led to the ECT suite. We see the first patient being dragged into the room kicking and screaming, soon emerging unconscious on a trolley. McMurphy is led into the suite in restraints. He is met by three wardsmen, a nurse and a doctor, who smilingly declares, "This won't hurt a bit and it will be over in just a minute." His forehead is swabbed, a mouth guard inserted, a pincer set of electrodes is placed on his temples and, as he lies fully conscious, a switch is flicked on the ECT machine. McMurphy immediately begins a clonic seizure as the camera zooms in on his face, full of tension and pain. Unlike the frenzied musical accompaniment of previous ECT scenes, the only sounds are his laboured grunts and heavy breathing. When the seizure ends, the scene cuts to a group therapy session in the old ward, presided over by the manipulative Nurse Ratched (Louise Fletcher). McMurphy stumbles in like a zombie, much to the distress of the other patients, but he winks at one of them and we are soon aware that he is faking it. He suddenly bursts into life and teases his gullible mates, memorably declaring, "Perfect. They was giving me 10,000 watts a day, you know, and I'm hot to trot. Next woman takes me on's gonna light up like a pinball machine and pay off in silver dollars." Electroconvulsive therapy is presented as a barbaric and unjustified tool for social control, but also as impotent and ineffective.
Gabbard GO, Gabbard K (1999), Psychiatry and the Cinema, 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press.
McDonald A, Walter G (2001), The portrayal of ECT in American movies. J ECT 17(4):264-274.
O'Shea B, McGennis A (1983), ECT: lay attitudes and experiences--a pilot study. Ir Med J 76(1):40-43.
Schneider I (1977), Images of the mind: psychiatry in the commercial film. Am J Psychiatry 134(6):613-620.
Schneider I (1987), The theory and practice of movie psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 144(8):996-1002.
Walter G (1998), Portrayal of ECT in movies from Australia and New Zealand. J ECT 14:56-60.
Walter G, McDonald A, Rey JM, Rosen A (2002), Medical student knowledge and attitudes regarding ECT prior to and after viewing ECT scenes from movies. J ECT 18(1):43-46 [see comment].


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Amazing Race Winner Natalie Strand's Diabetes Journey
Move over, diabetes! For anesthesiologist Natalie Strand, confidence, ability, a strong teammate and assistance from her diabetes educator won her a first-place finish. Here's a look at strategies that can help you conquer obstacles you may face on your road to health!
When you have diabetes, facing an unexpected food choice can be a little daunting. But what if daily life included rappelling down canyons, bungee-jumping off cranes, switching time zones and eating extreme cuisine like boiled sheep's head—all while racing across 32,000 miles in 10 countries over 23 days?
Nat Strand, MD, knows all about overcoming challenges as the first contestant with diabetes to compete on CBS's The Amazing Race, the reality-TV scavenger hunt that pits 11 teams in a globe-trotting chase for a $1 million prize. The 32-year-old, diagnosed with type 1 at age 12, says the win was the result of terrific teamwork with best friend and race partner Kat Chang, MD, some smart planning before embarking on the journey and lots of on-her-toes thinking along the way. And Nat, an anesthesiologist in Newport Beach, CA, adds that she owes a lot to a behind-the-scenes partner: her long-term diabetes educator, Carolyn Robertson, RN, CDE, of the University of California, Los Angeles, for giving her the knowledge and skills to not only finish healthy, but bring home the gold. Of course, her insulin pump and continuous glucose monitor were also very helpful!
"The Race really is the perfect storm when it comes to managing diabetes," Carolyn says. "Nat had no idea where she was going—just that she would be in a lot of different countries, would be put in extreme situations and would be subjected to very hot and very cold climates. So we decided to imagine the worst and plan for those scenarios."
The strategy worked—in fact, Nat was thrilled that her diabetes never posed a problem—and the strategy can work for you, too. While you may not be crossing six time zones or dog sledding in the Arctic Circle anytime soon, you can borrow some of Nat and Carolyn's tested techniques to manage your diabetes under almost any circumstances.
Whether you're planning a long vacation or a weekend getaway, creating a checklist of everything you might need—insulin, test strips, glucose tablets and more—will ensure you have a safe and healthy journey and won't need to waste precious time searching for supplies in unfamiliar places. "We tried to think of everything," Nat says. But that was only half the challenge. The other half? "Then we had to figure out how to fit it in my backpack!" One thing that didn't make the cut: her hairbrush!
"If you become dehydrated, you become more insulin resistant," Carolyn says. So she told Nat to drink between six and 12 ounces of fluids per hour, and to down even more during periods of intense activity. Nat would also be flying a lot, and since the air inside airplanes is especially dry, Carolyn reminded her to hydrate while in flight. On the ground, Nat never went anywhere without a water bottle—especially in sunny climes: For people with diabetes, hot and humid weather can impair the body's ability to sweat, causing blood sugar levels to go haywire.
Most of us have experienced flight delays and the occasional white-knuckle turbulence, but the pace and competitive nature of The Amazing Race took travel tensions to new levels. "I'm definitely one of those diabetics who notices a spike in my blood sugar with stressful situations," says Nat, who had to overcome a fear of heights for many of the challenges.
And it's not her imagination: Nail-biting experiences trigger the production of adrenaline and cortisol, fight-or-flight hormones that send blood sugar skyrocketing. To counter on-the-spot tension, Nat turned to deep breathing. But whatever works for you—whether it's taking a walk, punching a pillow or sipping herbal tea—will do the trick.
One of Nat's biggest challenges during the race was not knowing when she'd see her next meal—or what it would be. When on the road, pack a healthy supply of snacks and glucose tablets to combat low blood sugar during long periods between meals. When faced with unexpected meal choices—like that boiled sheep's head—Nat did her best to keep her blood sugar levels in check.
"Usually when I'm traveling, I'll do low-carb or foods that I'm familiar with and, if not, I will test a lot to see if my blood sugar is trending up or down. Having my continuous glucose monitor during the race was very helpful in that sense."
Whether you're on a day trip or an around-the-world adventure, continue to check your blood sugar levels according to your health provider's recommendations to catch problems early and prevent highs and lows. "I made some changes to my insulin pump," Nat says. "I knew I was going to be in a different time zone every day, so my rates of peaking in the early-morning hours and lowering during the day weren't going to work out as well."


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Safe Routes to School
Program Goals
The Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program is an international program that encourages children to walk and bicycle to and from school safely. The SRTS program is built on five strategies, called the "5 E's" (Education, Encouragement, Enforcement, Engineering and Evaluation,) to address challenges and barriers to walking and bicycling. Successful SRTS programs involve all 5 E's and the community.
The Clark County School District SRTS program is federally funded and we work with schools and our community partners to identify improvements, programs and policies to make walking and bicycling viable and safe transportation options. We work with interested schools to draft SRTS coordinated action plans tailored specifically to the needs of their site and develop feasible walking and bicycling programs. The benefits of implementing a SRTS plan are far reaching and include: improving safety, encouraging physical activity, and reducing traffic congestion and motor vehicle emissions. Implementing SRTS programs and projects not only benefit students, but adjacent neighborhoods.


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Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Clinical: Approaches · Group therapy · Techniques · Types of problem · Areas of specialism · Taxonomies · Therapeutic issues · Modes of delivery · Model translation project · Personal experiences ·
The study of the outcome of clinical interventions is an important area of clinical research for a number of reasons.
Examples of potential uses for outcome measures include:
- To help clinicians answer the question of whether a user is responding to the treatment they are being offered
- To contribute to the quality evaluation of individual clinicians' practice, as part of continuing professional development and performance review.
- To evaluate the extent to which measured change in a user is clinically significant – i.e. change that makes a difference to the everyday lives of users and is not just statistically significant
- To compare outcomes between similar services (e.g. psychological therapy services provided to outpatients as part of a Community Mental Health Team or services for people with learning difficulties; counselling services in primary care; family therapy services for children) in different areas.
- To compare outcomes between individual clinicians working in the same service, in order to see if they are achieving comparable results.
- To compare outcomes between different user groups within the same service; for example, is the service achieving better outcomes for users with depression than those with anxiety or with white users than with those from ethnic minority groups?
- As a pointer to the need for further investigation or action as part of a quality improvement process.
- To contribute to performance monitoring and audit of a service.
- To provide feedback to a service about the course of response (recovery or deterioration) of those receiving help.
- To provide information for the development of practice-based evidence, to help to build up a picture of the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches with the range and diversity of problems found in routine clinical practice.
- To provide purchasers of services with data on efficacy and efficiency of therapy services.
- To help purchasers evaluate different therapetic orientations with regard to efficiency and effectiveness.
(List developed from Sperlinger, 2002)
Types of outcomeEdit
It is important that outcome is considered in its widest form and does not focus only on symptom reduction. Quality of life, social, educational, economic outcomes etc should be considered in any rounded assessment.
Factors effecting outcomeEdit
A number of factors can effect therapy outcome:
- Spontaneous remission
- Client variables in determining clinical outcome
- Therapist variables in determining clinical outcome
Assessment of outcome by specialityEdit
Assessment of outcome in child psychologyEdit
Assessment of outcome in adult psychological therapyEdit
- Main article: Psychotherapeutic outcomes
- Assessment of outcome in psychological therapy
- Routine outcome measurement
- Staff attitudes to clinical outcome assessment
Assessment of outcome in physical health psychologyEdit
See alsoEdit
- Behavioral health outcomes management
- Client treatment matching
- Postsurgical complications
- Psychotherapeutic processes
- Recovery
- Relapse
- Relapse prevention
- Remission
- Side effects
- Therapeutic processes
- Treatment dropouts
- Treatment duration
- Treatment effectiveness evaluation
- Treatment termination
References & BibliographyEdit
Key textsEdit
- Ogles, B.M., Lambert, M.J. and Fields, S.A. (2002).Essentials of Outcome Assessment. Wiley


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Video: EMC users discuss hybrid storage strategies for SSD, cloud
LAS VEGAS – While EMC executives touted their vision for a hybrid storage strategy for SSD and cloud storage this week at EMC World 2012, attendees said they are playing a bit of catch-up in those two technology arenas. Both are important to their long-term storage strategies, several agreed, but deployment plans are months or years away.
Larkin Johnson of HCA Healthcare said that while his company's network of 19 hospitals does not have any solid-state devices installed, they are "looking at deploying them within the next six months and upgrading our current storage infrastructure to add solid-state devices in along with our other spinning disks." Like many attendees, Johnson listened to EMC CEO Joe Tucci make a case for a hybrid storage strategy that involves SSD and hard drives in the same implementation.
EMC's new VMAX 40K enterprise SAN array and SSDs were two topics highlighting EMC World 2012. Talking about SSDs, Mike Kresic of Progressive Insurance said, "We use them in our Tier 1 VMAX storage. We have tons of relational databases and data warehouses that get very large, and we find that lots of those databases have inactive data and very small parts of them need performance, and the way that the VMAX can move the data around within the tier and promote stuff to solid-state really comes in handy."
David Hoffman of the Apollo Group said that his organization does not have any solid-state devices. "Cost is one of the big factors and it's still a fairly new technology for enterprise," he said, adding that reliability and trust remain obstacles to adoption.
For many attendees, the EMC conference was a glimpse into a roadmap they are just starting to examine. "This is kind of the wave of the future with storage. Listening to 'Project Lightning' last year was interesting and cache cards in the servers is something that could come into play. One of the things we're most interested to hear at the show this year is what EMC is doing to further advance the technology," said Kresic.
Hybrid storage strategies topped the opening-day agenda after Tucci talked during his keynote about the need for multiple flash locations throughout the data center, along with the future of cloud storage relying on a private-public model.


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Fossil Gallery
Pirania muricataA cactus-like sponge
Demospongea (Order: Monaxonida)
Pirania is considered a primitive demosponge (Rigby, 1986). Demosponges, the same group that are harvested as bath sponges, represent the largest class of sponges today.
Species name:
Pirania muricata
Described by:
Description date:
Pirania – from Mount Saint Piran (2,649 m), situated in the Bow River Valley in Banff National Park, Alberta. Samuel Allen named Mount St. Piran after the Patron Saint of Cornwall in 1894.
muricata – from the Latin muricatus, "pointed, or full of sharp points." The name refers to the large pointed spicules extending out from the wall of the sponge.
Type Specimens:
Lectotype –USNM66495 (erroneously referred as 66496 in Rigby, 1986), in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
Other species:
Burgess Shale and vicinity: none
Other deposits: Pirania auraeum Botting, 2007 from the Lower Ordovician of Morocco (Botting, 2007); Pirania llanfawrensis Botting, 2004 from the Upper Ordovician of England (Botting, 2004).
Middle Cambrian, Bathyuriscus-Elrathina Zone (approximately 505 million years ago).
Principal localities:
The Walcott Quarry on Fossil Ridge. The Trilobite Beds and Tulip Beds (S7) on Mount Stephen and several smaller sites on Mount Field, Mount Stephen and Mount Odaray.
Brief history of research:
Pirania was first described by Walcott (1920). Rigby (1986) redescribed this sponge and concluded that the skeleton is composed of hexagonally arranged canals, large pointed spicules and tufts of small spicules. This sponge was also reviewed by Rigby and Collins based on new material collected by the Royal Ontario Museum (2004).
Pirania is a thick-walled cylindrical sponge that can have up to four branches. The skeleton of the sponge is composed of tufts of small spicules and has very distinctive long pointed spicules that emerge from the external wall. Long canals perforate the wall of the sponge to allow water flow through it. Branching occurs close to the base of the sponge.
Pirania is common in most Burgess Shale sites but comprises only 0.38% of the Walcott Quarry community (Caron and Jackson, 2008).
Maximum size:
30 mm
Life habits:
Epibenthic, sessile
Feeding strategies:
Suspension feeder
Ecological Interpretations:
Pirania would have lived attached to the sea floor. Particles of organic matter were extracted from the water as they passed through canals in the sponge's wall. The brachiopods Nisusia and Micromitra a range of other sponges and even juvenile chancelloriids are often found attached to the long spicules of this sponge, possibly to avoid higher turbidity levels near the seafloor.
BOTTING, J. P. 2004. An exceptional Caradoc sponge fauna from the Llanfawr Quarries, Central Wales and phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Paleontology, 2: 31-63.
BOTTING, J. P. 2007. 'Cambrian' demosponges in the Ordovician of Morocco: insights into the early evolutionary history of sponges. Geobios, 40: 737-748.
CARON, J.-B. AND D. A. JACKSON. 2008. Paleoecology of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 258: 222-256.
RIGBY, J. K. 1986. Sponges of the Burgess shale (Middle Cambrian), British Columbia. Palaeontographica canadiana, 2: 105 p.
RIGBY, J. K. AND D. COLLINS. 2004. Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and Stephen Formations, British Columbia. Royal Ontario Museum Contributions in Science (1): 155 p.
WALCOTT, C. D. 1920. Middle Cambrian Spongiae. Cambrian Geology and Paleontology IV. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 67(6): 261-365.
Other links:


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"They're a good group of boys — but pretty rowdy," Sarah had warned me the night before. "Typical third-graders. You'll just want to watch out for Eli Wolanowski*. If he gives you any trouble, send him straight to Rabbi Lewis, and he'll deal with him."
As I walked down the hall to the classroom, those final words played in my mind again and I wondered about Eli Wolanowski. What kind of monster did a third-grade boy have to be to need such an introduction? Could he really be so bad? Sarah was a substitute fresh out of seminary taking over for the main teacher who was out on maternity leave, and I was taking over for her, my second substitute job ever on my brief visit home to my parents. Maybe she was just having trouble handling the boys?
But right outside the classroom, I bumped into the principal.
"You're taking over the third-grade boys today?" Rabbi Lewis asked.
I nodded.
"Listen," he said, leaning in towards me. "If Eli Wolanowski starts up with you, just send him straight to me. We're used to his antics, so don't even hesitate — it's no reflection on your classroom management skills."
The principal had the same thing to say? Defiance, mixed with a tingle of warmth, rose up in my chest. I had always felt an affinity for the underdog, and this was no exception.
I took attendance with interest, wondering which of these squirming nine-year-olds was the infamous Eli. The chubby boy in the corner who clearly was playing with something inside his desk? Or the husky kid in the middle row who stared up at me with surly eyes?
When a fragile boy with blond hair and barely-there blue eyes raised his hand, I was taken aback. You? I thought, looking at him with wonder. You're the sweet misunderstood boy everyone warned me about? I chose a chazzan and we got started with the day, the boys' sweet singsong voices filling the air as they prayed with a mix of distraction and exaggerated intent and shuckling.
The teacher had left us substitutes well-prepared. I pulled the Bible review sheet out of the folder and told the boys to take out their books. There was a shuffle as 23 boys began digging through desks and knapsacks, and I began to go over the lesson.
Eli Wolanowski was standing up, waving his hand in the air. "You forgot to do tzedakah!"
There was no mention of tzedakah in the daily schedule, but a babble of voices assured me that Eli was right. Moishy Katz — or was it Naftali Flumenbaum? — raced to bring me the tzedakah box, and I wove in and out of the rows of desks as the boys all deposited their coins.
I pulled out the review sheet and began to speak but once again, Eli cut me off.
"But YOU didn't give tzedakah!"
This was true. Knowing I had a ride both to the school and back, I had opted to leave my purse at home. "You're right," I told him. "But I don't have any money on me today, so I can't."
"You don't have any money?" His eyes were wide with shock. "So I'll give you!" He rummaged through his bag and bounded up to the teacher's desk, holding out a dime. "Here! Now you can give tzedakah, too," he said, depositing the coin in my hand. I plunked it in the tzedakah box and we all moved on with the lesson.
The rest of the morning passed as smoothly as could be expected, with the boys acting like typical third-grade boys — lots of laughter, a decent amount of listening, and the not-so-occasional sprinkle of misbehavior. The affection I had felt towards Eli before I had entered the room had only increased, and I smiled at him throughout the morning. He always returned the smile with a shy one of his own, and I wondered each time I saw him just what this little sweetheart had done to warrant such warnings.
On my way home Eli's sweet enthusiasm and the grim look on Rabbi Lewis's face kept swimming through my mind. How could I just walk away from today without doing anything? And then it hit me: I should call Eli's parents. But would that be overstepping my bounds?
After supper I took out the Jewish community phone book. There was only one listing for Wolanowski. I looked at the address and felt the knot in my throat pull tighter. Michael and Judy Wolanowski were clearly well-to-do professionals who lived in an exclusive neighborhood. Would they grill me on my credentials? I was no professional teacher — I was halfway through my degree and just doing the school a favor in the pre-Pesach crunch by substituting today.
But I dialed anyway, my fingers shaking a bit as the phone began to ring.
"Hello?" The man's voice was young, clear, and full of confidence.
The next words out of his mouth vibrated with aggression: "What now?"
"Hi, Mr. Wolanowski?" Could he hear the hesitancy in my voice? "I was Eli's substitute teacher today."
"Oh." The confidence crumbled and I could almost see his shoulders fall as he sighed. He seemed to recover quickly enough though, because the next words out of his mouth vibrated with an aggression I hadn't seen coming. "What is it now?"
All I wanted to do was hang up the phone, but that wasn't really an option anymore. "I just wanted to tell you," I began haltingly, "what a special little boy you have. I'm just a substitute, and I didn't realize that they gave tzedakah after davening but Eli reminded me. And when he saw that I didn't have any, he jumped out of his seat and ran to give me a dime so that I could also give tzedakah, too. It was so sweet. He's such a generous, kind-hearted boy, and he really stood out from the group today. I just wanted to share that with you."
There was a long silence on the other end, and I realized that I was still shaking. What on earth was Eli's father thinking? Since when did substitute teachers call a child's parents — and to report something like this? Was I even allowed to be making this phone call? But Michael Wolanowski didn't seem to mind.
"Thank you so much for calling to tell me." His voice was hushed, almost awe-filled. "Do — do you mind telling my wife also?" he asked eagerly.
"Of course I will," I told him.
I heard him calling his wife in the background. "Judy, come quick— pick up the phone!"
When Mrs. Wolanowski got on the line I repeated the story. She responded with the same warmth, relief, and surprise as her husband. The two of them said goodbye, thanking me over and over for calling.
I sat and stared at the phone for a long time after we hung up. I felt the Wolanowskis' happiness hovering in the air. I could picture them in the morning, telling Eli just how proud of him they were. And I knew that when the next time came around, I wouldn't hesitate to make the call.
*Names have been changed.


text:
move(redirected from moves it)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.
To make an application to a court for a rule or order, or to take action in any matter. The term comprehends all things necessary to be done by a litigant to obtain an order of the court directing the relief sought. To propose a resolution, or recommend action in a deliberative body. To pass over; to be transferred, as when the consideration of a contract is said to move from one party to the other. To occasion; to contribute to; to tend or lead to.
v. to make a motion in court applying for a court order or judgment. (See: motion, movant)
move(Alter position), verb abscond, alter the position, break camp, carry, change an abode, change place, change residence, come away, commovere, convey, depart, emigrate, exit, flee, go, go away, go forth, go from home, go on, go one's way, journey, leave, leave a place, move out, part company, progress, propel, push on, put in motion, remove, slip away, slip off, take flight, transfer, translocate, transport, transpose, vacate, walk away, walk off
move(Judicially request), verb apply, ask for, introduce, make a demand, make a motion, make a petition, make a request, make a requisition, make application, make formal application, make one's submission, offer for consideration, petition, propose, propose a motion, propose an action formally, put forth, put forward, put up a petition, referre, request, requisition, submit, submit a formal request
Associated concepts: motion practice, move the court
See also: act, carry, compel, constrain, dislocate, displace, enterprise, further, impress, incite, influence, inspire, interest, leave, maneuver, motivate, operate, operation, persuade, pose, prevail, prevail upon, proffer, prompt, propose, propound, provoke, reach, reason, recommend, remove, spirit, step, stimulate, transfer, transport, undertaking, urge, vacate, venture


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Anton Zeilinger heads up the IQOQI lab in Vienna. Photograph by Mark Mahaney.
To enter the somewhat formidable Neo-Renaissance building at Boltzmanngasse 3 in Vienna, you must pass through a small door sawed from the original cathedrallike entrance. When I first visited this past March, it was chilly and overcast in the late afternoon. Atop several tall stories of scaffolding there were two men who would hardly have been visible from the street were it not for their sunrise-orange jumpsuits. As I was about to pass through the nested entrance, I heard a sudden rush of wind and felt a mist of winter drizzle. I glanced up. The veiled workers were power-washing away the building's façade, down to the century-old brick underneath.
In 1908 Karl Kupelwieser, Ludwig Wittgenstein's uncle, donated the money to construct this building and turn Austria- Hungary into the principal destination for the study of radium. Above the doorway the edifice still bears the name of this founding purpose. But since 2005 this has been home of the Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI, pronounced "ee-ko-kee"), a center devoted to the foundations of quantum mechanics. The IQOQI, which includes a sister facility to the southwest in the valley town of Innsbruck, was initially realized in 2003 at the behest of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. However, the institute's conception several years earlier was predominantly due to one man: Anton Zeilinger. This past January, Zeilinger became the first ever recipient of the Isaac Newton Medal for his pioneering contributions to physics as the head of one of the most successful quantum optics groups in the world. Over the past two decades, he and his colleagues have done as much as anyone else to test quantum mechanics. And since its inception more than 80 years ago, quantum mechanics has possibly weathered more scrutiny than any theory ever devised. Quantum mechanics appears correct, and now Zeilinger and his group have started experimenting with what the theory means.
Some physicists still find quantum mechanics unpalatable, if not unbelievable, because of what it implies about the world beyond our senses. The theory's mathematics is simple enough to be taught to undergraduates, but the physical implications of that mathematics give rise to deep philosophical questions that remain unresolved. Quantum mechanics fundamentally concerns the way in which we observers connect to the universe we observe. The theory implies that when we measure particles and atoms, at least one of two long-held physical principles is untenable: Distant events do not affect one other, and properties we wish to observe exist before our measurements. One of these, locality or realism, must be fundamentally incorrect.
For more than 70 years, innumerable physicists have tried to disentangle the meaning of quantum mechanics through debate. Now Zeilinger and his collaborators have performed a series of experiments that, while neatly agreeing with the theory's predictions, are reinvigorating these historical dialogues. In Vienna experiments are testing whether quantum mechanics permits a fundamental physical reality. A new way of understanding an already powerful theory is beginning to take shape, one that could change the way we understand the world around us. Do we create what we observe through the act of our observations?
Most of us would agree that there exists a world outside our minds. At the classical level of our perceptions, this belief is almost certainly correct. If your couch is blue, you will observe it as such whether drunk, in high spirits, or depressed; the color is surely independent of the majority of your mental states. If you discovered your couch were suddenly red, you could be sure there was a cause. The classical world is real, and not only in your head. Solipsism hasn't really been a viable philosophical doctrine for decades, if not centuries.
But none of us perceives the world as it exists fundamentally. We do not observe the tiniest bits of matter, nor the forces that move them, individually through our senses. We evolved to experience the world in bulk, our faculties registering the net effect of trillions upon trillions of particles or atoms moving in concert. We are crude measurers. So divorced are we from the activity beneath our experience that physicists became relatively assured of the existence of atoms only about a century ago.
Physicists attribute a fundamental reality to what they do not directly perceive. Particles and atoms have observable effects that are well described by theories like quantum mechanics. Single atoms have been "seen" in measurements and presumably exist whether or not we observe them individually. The properties that define particles—mass, spin, etc.—are also thought to exist before we measure them. In physics this is how reality is defined; particles and atoms have measurable properties that exist prior to measurement. This is nothing stranger than your blue couch.
As a physical example, light consists of particles known as photons that each have a property called polarization. Measuring polarization is usually something like telling time; the property can be thought of like the direction of a second hand on a clock. For unpolarized light, the second hand can face any direction as with a normal clock; for polarized light the hand will face in only one or a few directions, as if the clock were broken. That photons can be polarized is, in fact, what allows some sunglasses to eliminate glare—the glasses block certain polarizations and let others through. In Vienna the polarization of light is also being used to test reality.
For a few months in 2006, Simon Gröblacher, who had started his PhD not long before, spent his Saturdays testing realism. Time in the labs at the IQOQI is precious, and during the week other experiments with priority were already underway. Zeilinger and the rest of their collaborators weren't too worried that this kind of experiment would get scooped. They were content to let Gröblacher test reality in the lab's spare time.
It was after 2 pm when I first met Gröblacher, and he had just woken up; they are installing an elevator in his lab and so he works nights. He had told me to come to the top floor of the IQOQI building to find him. I made my way up the broad granite steps, and on the final landing I heard shouts from a half-open door. There was a raucous game of foosball in the lounge. When Gröblacher saw me, someone else grabbed the handles.
The lab where Gröblacher performed the first experiment on realism is on the second floor of the Universität Wien physics department, which connects to the IQOQI through a third-floor bridge. The original experiment has given way to another, but, Gröblacher tells me, the setup looks roughly the same.
In the middle of the cramped space is a floating metal surface, about the size of a banquet table, latticed with drill holes. A forest of black optical equipment, like monocles atop tiny poles, seems to grow out of the table. Beam splitters resemble exact, glass die. In the center is an encased crystal that is not visible, and on the ends sit idle lasers.
Gröblacher walked me through the tabletop obstacle course: The laser light passes through a series of polarizers and filters, hits the crystal, and splits into two beams of single-file photons. Detectors in both beams measure the polarization of each photon, which are related to one another. The data is tested against two theories: one that preserved realism but allowed strange effects from anywhere out there in the universe, and quantum mechanics.
The whole experiment would fit snugly in a child's bedroom, and as I looked at the table, I refrained from asking my first instinctual questions. "This is it? This is where you tested realism?" I already knew how unfair these questions were. It had taken a few months of tests, and almost two years for Zeilinger's group to understand how this experiment tests realism. Before that, it had been more than 80 years since physicists began to argue about what quantum mechanics had to do with reality at all.


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One of the benefits of the SSH Tectia client/server solution is its wide support for various user authentication mechanisms, such as RSA SecurID. RSA SecurID is an authentication system that is based on a credit-card-sized authenticator token that generates a new passcode every 60 seconds. The user combines this code with a secret PIN code that enables secure login to protected resources.
The support for RSA SecurID has been implemented using a method called keyboard-interactive. It enables implementation of new authentication schemes based on keyboard interaction without the need to modify the client side. The keyboard-interactive authentication method is defined in RFC 4256.
In this use scenario, SSH Tectia Client is used to perform secure terminal-based administration and file transfer while using RSA SecurID for two-factor authentication. SSH Tectia Server includes support for RSA Authentication Agent API. The RSA Authentication Agent must be installed on the same server. The Agent connects to the RSA Authentication Manager that performs the user identity validation against the one-time password generated by the token.
Figure 5.9 shows the overall architecture of this use scenario.


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Menus for Child Care
Menus for Child Care #1 offers eight complete weekly menus, including breakfast, lunch or supper, and snack meeting the USDA Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Meal Pattern requirements for 3-5 year olds. Portion sizes can be adjusted for other age groups. Published 2008. ET76-08. Menus for Child Care #2 offers four sets of four-week cycle menus that also meet the USDA CACFP Meal Pattern requirements for 3-5 year olds. Published 2009. Menus for Child Care #3 meets the same requirements in two sets of four-week cycle menus that were published in 2010.
These healthful and appealing menus can be used as cycle menus offering variety and moderation for balanced nutrition in the child care setting. The menus have been analyzed for major nutrients. Crediting information appears in parentheses after each item on the menu.
Menus for Child Care
|Date added
|Menus for Child Care #1
|April 12, 2018
|Menus for Child Care #2
|April 12, 2018
|Menus for Child Care #3
|April 12, 2018


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16 Tax Deductions for This Year's Tax Return
This story was last updated February 10, 2011.
First of all, the IRS has a gift for you: an extra three days to file your returns! Individual taxpayers will have until Monday, April 18, to file their returns. The reason: Friday, April 15, is a legal holiday in the District of Columbia, and because D.C. holidays affect tax deadlines in the same way federal holidays do, all taxpayers are being given an extra three days to file their returns.
Now, on to your tax return: Claim these often overlooked deductions and credits and you just might be able to pay less to the IRS.
IRA/Roth Conversion
- Roth IRA Conversion Rules: Just a reminder for those who converted from a traditional IRA into Roth IRA in 2010 — don't forget that you now owe taxes!
The amount of money that was converted is considered income that can be spread over a two-year period, beginning in 2011. This means you include one-half of the amount as income in 2011 and the other half as income in 2012. You can elect to include all of the income in 2010 (that is, on the return you're filing this April), which may be advantageous if your tax bracket is likely to be lower in that tax year than it will be in the future. See Form 8606.
When you contribute to an individual retirement account, you help fund a future goal while lowering your current tax bill. In other words, socking cash in an IRA is like saving with help from your Uncle Sam.
The rules are pretty simple: You have until tax filing (again, that's April 18) to contribute up to $5,000 to a 2010 IRA ($6,000 if you are 50 or older). If you are self-employed, have a Keogh or SEP-IRA, and have filed for an extension to October 15, you can even wait until then to put 2010 money into those accounts.
Even if you're covered by a retirement plan at work, you can deduct some or all of your IRA contribution if you are single and your income is less than $66,000 (less than $109,000 if married). If you are not covered by a workplace retirement plan but are married to someone who is, you can deduct some or all of your IRA contribution if your joint income is less than $176,000 or less.
New Rules on Itemized Deductions
- Itemized deductions and personal exemptions: The itemized deduction limitation is repealed for 2010 (and through 2012). This means that taxpayers can deduct the full amount of their itemized deductions in 2010. The personal exemption phase-out rules also do not apply through 2012.
Get the Credit(s) You Deserve
- Making Work Pay: The payroll "tax holiday" is still in effect for 2010. That means that workers get a tax credit of 6.2% on their earned income — but the credit maxes out at $400 for single filers and $800 for joint filers. The credit is subject to income limits and starts phasing out at $75,000 for singles and $150,000 for joint filers. You will need to file for this credit on Schedule M.
- The Child Tax Credit is up to $1,000 for each qualifying child who was under the age of 17 at the end of 2010. This credit can be claimed in addition to the credit for child and dependent care expenses. (Details are inIRS Publication 972.)
- The Earned Income Tax Credit is a refundable credit for married couples filing jointly with 2010 earned income under $48,362 and singles with income under $43,352. Yourincome and family size determine the amount of the credit. (Details are in IRS Publication 596.)
- The Child and Dependent Care Credit of up to $1,050 per child or $2,100 for two or more children is calculated based on your expenses paid for the care of your kids under age 13 to enable you to work or to look for work in 2010. The credit is 20 to 35 percent of your child-care expenses up to $6,000 — the size of your credit depends on your income. (Details are in IRS Publication 503.)
- The Retirement Savings Contributions Credit is designed to help low- and moderate-income workers save for retirement. Individuals with incomes of up to $27,750 and married couples with joint incomes of up to $55,500 may qualify for a credit of up to $1,000 per person. Check out Form 8880 for the rules.
- First-Time Homebuyer Credit: The first-time homebuyer credit expired during 2010. It is available to eligible taxpayers who closed on their home purchase on or before Sept. 30, 2010 (under a binding contract in place before May 1, 2010). The closing date deadline was moved during the year from June 30 to Sept. 30 by the Homebuyer Assistance and Improvement Act. The credit allows you to claim a credit of 10 percent of the purchase price, up to $8,000. There is a different credit of up to $6,500 for those who already owned a home but purchased a new primary residence. The details are mind-numbing; a good place to start is this homebuyer credit post by CBS MoneyWatch.com blogger Ilyce Glink. For more details, see this IRS explanation.
While we're on the subject: If you claimed the First-time Homebuyer Credit in 2008, it's time to pay up. The 2008 credit was worth up to $7,500 and was similar to an interest-free loan. Taxpayers generally must begin repaying it in equal payments for 15 years. If the taxpayer no longer lives in the house, then the credit must be repaid in full with the next tax return. Taxpayers who claimed the credit in 2009 and 2010 will not have to repay it unless the house is sold or no longer their principal residence within three years of purchase.
- Energy and Appliance Tax Credit If you made any energy-efficiency improvements to your home in 2010, you may be eligible for a tax credit. You can deduct up to 30% of the cost — up to $1,500 — for many energy improvements to your existing home. Note that the credit does not apply to rental properties or new homes. Approved improvements include new windows, insulation, high efficiency furnaces, water heaters and air-conditioning. It also covers alternative energy such as solar equipment, small wind turbines and fuel cells.
Tax credits are even better than deductions, because they lower your taxes dollar for dollar, instead of being calculated based on your tax bracket. A number of credits and deductions that were set to expire for 2010 were retroactively extended by the 2010 Tax Relief Act and are therefore available for taxpayers who qualify — so don't miss them!
College Costs
- The Hope Credit was been replaced with the American Opportunity Tax Credit. Each student can now get a $2,500 "higher education tax credit" for the first four years of college. The credit is based on 100 percent of the first $2,000 of tuition and related expenses, including books, paid during the tax year, plus and 25 percent of the next $2,000 of tuition and related expenses paid during the tax year (subject to income phase-outs starting at $80,000 for singles and $160,000 for joint filers).
- The December tax compromise included a new deduction for families with college costs. Every family can deduct up to $4,000 of college tuition and fees in 2010 and 2011. If your modified AGI is between $65,001 and $80,000 for singles or between $130,001 and $160,000 for joint filers, you are entitled to a reduced deduction of up to $2,000. Note: The new form for taking this deduction will be available from the IRS in February.
- Also, for anyone with a 529 college savings plan: Computers and Internet access qualify as "qualified education expenses" for the 2010 tax year, so you can pay for them tax-free.
Add Up Those Itemized Deductions
- Miscellaneous deductions: These are deductible if they total more than 2 percent of your adjusted gross income. They include tax-preparation fees, job-hunting expenses, business car expenses, and professional dues.
- Sales tax: You can deduct sales tax paid in 2010 if the amount was greater than the state and local income taxes you paid. In other words, you get to choose: Write off your sales taxes or write off your income taxes. If you didn't keep your sales-tax receipts, use the IRS's sales tax deduction estimator. Even if you claim the sales tax amount from the IRS tables, you can add in tax paid on vehicles or boats purchased during the year, except to the extent the sales tax rate on them is more than the general sales tax rate. If you live in a state with a high income tax, like California or New York, you will probably be better off claiming your state and local income taxes rather than sales taxes. If you live in a state with no income tax, like Florida, Texas, or Washington, be sure to take the sales tax deduction when you itemize.
- Medical expenses: This one is hard to claim, because the bar is so high to qualify. You can only deduct the portion of your 2010 medical expenses that exceed 7.5 percent of your adjusted gross income.
- Mileage: Deducting miles driven for work or other purposes can be a huge tax break and save you significant money. Too bad the IRS cut the standard mileage deduction rates for 2010. Here are the new rules: Business mileage = 50 cents per mile (a 9 percent cut!); medical and moving = 16.5 cents per mile; and charitable = 14 cents per mile
- 9 Tax Mistakes NOT to Make
- Sneaky Tax Trick with a Big Payoff
- 6 Tax Steps to Take Now
- Can You Trust Your Tax Preparer?
Nearly two out of three taxpayers take the standard deduction rather than itemizing deductions. Some of those folks are leaving money on the table. If your deductible expenses exceed the 2010 standard deduction of $5,700 for singles and $11,400 for married couples filing jointly, be sure you itemize and grab these write-offs.
One last thing: The first $2,400 of unemployment benefits you receive in 2010 is no longer tax-exempt.
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The Counseling Practicum Clinic offers counseling services to people in Muncie and the surrounding area. Counseling and counseling psychology graduate students work with clients under the supervision of licensed psychologists and counselors.
All counselors are well prepared for this work and are completing requirements for either the master's or doctoral degree. They are enrolled in programs preparing them for work in elementary and secondary schools, college and university counseling centers, community agencies, and hospitals.
To make an initial appointment, call 765-285-8047 and complete a brief telephone interview.
All clients have the right to receive timely, competent counseling services consistent with the ethical principles and guidelines established by professional organizations.
The Ball State Counseling Practicum Clinic is committed to respecting diversity. This commitment is reflected in the types of people we reach out to and by the diversity of our counselors. We hope that this commitment enhances our clients' experience.
Counseling services provided at the Counseling Practicum Clinic are guided by:


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And their fans.
Can't wait!!! LETS GOOO!!!!!
Its been a crazy day...KC nearly beat the Chargers and Seattle is winning...Buffalo beat NE...I hope the Steelers game returns the football world to sanity!
I'm going to do my best to join you all in the gameday thread here. I'm down with some flu bug or something so I'm not exactly that coherent right now.
B-Mac, Cotchery, and Keisel are inactive tonight...........too bad, I thought we'd get to see Cotchery tonight.
Good then I don't feel so bad....well, not good that you're sick but you know what I mean...
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statute(redirected from statutely)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Encyclopedia.
An act of a legislature that declares, proscribes, or commands something; a specific law, expressed in writing.
A statute is a written law passed by a legislature on the state or federal level. Statutes set forth general propositions of law that courts apply to specific situations. A statute may forbid a certain act, direct a certain act, make a declaration, or set forth governmental mechanisms to aid society.
A statute begins as a bill proposed or sponsored by a legislator. If the bill survives the legislative committee process and is approved by both houses of the legislature, the bill becomes law when it is signed by the executive officer (the president on the federal level or the governor on the state level). When a bill becomes law, the various provisions in the bill are called statutes. The term statute signifies the elevation of a bill from legislative proposal to law. State and federal statutes are compiled in statutory codes that group the statutes by subject. These codes are published in book form and are available at law libraries.
Lawmaking powers are vested chiefly in elected officials in the legislative branch. The vesting of the chief lawmaking power in elected lawmakers is the foundation of a representative democracy. Aside from the federal and state constitutions, statutes passed by elected lawmakers are the first laws to consult in finding the law that applies to a case.
The power of statutes over other forms of laws is not complete, however. Under the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions, federal and state governments are comprised of a system of checks and balances among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. As the system of checks and balances plays out, the executive and judicial branches have the opportunity to fashion laws within certain limits. The Executive Branch may possess certain lawmaking powers under the federal or state constitutions, and the judiciary has the power to review statutes to determine whether they are valid under those constitutions. When a court strikes down a statute, it in effect creates a law of its own that applies to the general public.
Laws created through judicial opinion stand in contradistinction to laws created in statutes. Case law has the same legally binding effect as statutory law, but there are important distinctions between statutes and case law. Case law is written by judges, not by elected lawmakers, and it is written in response to a specific case before the court. A judicial opinion may be used as precedent for similar cases, however. This means that the judicial opinion in the case will guide the result in similar cases. In this sense a judicial opinion can constitute the law on certain issues within a particular jurisdiction. Courts can establish law in this way when no statute exists to govern a case, or when the court interprets a statute.
For example, if an appeals court holds that witness testimony on memory recovered through therapy is not admissible at trial, that decision will become the rule for similar cases within the appeals court's jurisdiction. The decision will remain law until the court reverses itself or is reversed by a higher court, or until the state or federal legislature passes a statute that overrides the judicial decision. If the courts strike down a statute and the legislature passes a similar statute, the courts may have an opportunity to declare the new statute unconstitutional. This cycle can be repeated over and over if legislatures continually test the constitutional limits on their lawmaking powers.
Judicial opinions also provide legal authority in cases that are not covered by statute. Legislatures have not passed statutes that govern every conceivable dispute. Furthermore, the language contained in statutes does not cover every possible situation. Statutes may be written in broad terms, and judicial opinions must interpret the language of relevant statutes according to the facts of the case at hand. Regulations passed by administrative agencies also fill in statutory gaps, and courts occasionally are called on to interpret regulations as well as statutes.
Courts tend to follow a few general rules in determining the meaning or scope of a statute. If a statute does not provide satisfactory definitions of ambiguous terms, courts must interpret the words or phrases according to ordinary rules of grammar and dictionary definitions. If a word or phrase is technical or legal, it is interpreted within the context of the statute. For example, the term interest can refer to a monetary charge or ownership of property. If the term interest appears in the context of a statute on real estate ownership, a court will construe the word to mean property ownership. Previous interpretations of similar statutes are also helpful in determining a statute's meaning.
Statutes are not static and irreversible. A statute may be changed or repealed by the lawmaking body that enacted it, or it may be overturned by a court. A statute may lapse, or terminate, under the terms of the statute itself or under legislative rules that automatically terminate statutes unless they are reapproved before a certain amount of time has passed.
Although most legal disputes are covered at least in part by statutes, tort and contract disputes are exceptions, in that they are largely governed by case law. Criminal Law, patent law, tax law, Property Law, and Bankruptcy law are among the areas of law that are covered first and foremost by statute.
Judicial Review; Legislation; Legislative History; Statutory Construction.
n. a Federal or state written law enacted by the Congress or state legislature, respectively. Local statutes or laws are usually called "ordinances." Regulations, rulings, opinions, executive orders and proclamations are not statutes.
statutenoun act, canon, code, codified law, commandment, decree, dictate, edict, enactment, ius, law, legislative enactment, lex, mandate, measure, order, ordinance, provision of the law, regulation, rubric, rule, written law
Associated concepts: affirmative statute, criminal statute, declaratory statute, enabling statute, penal statute, priiate statute, remedial statute, statute of frauds, statute of limitations
Foreign phrases: Quae communi lege derogant stricte interrretantur.Statutes which derogate from the common law are to be strictly construed. Optima statuti interpretatrix est ipsum statutum. The best interpreter of a statute is the statute itself. Ex malis moribus bonae leges natae sunt. Good laws arise from evil morals. Casus omissus et oblivvoni datus dispositioni communis juris relinquitur. A case omitted and forgotten is left to the disposal of the common law. Statutum generaliter est intelligendum quando verba statuti sunt specialia ratio autem generalis. When the words of a statute are special, but the reason general, the statute is to be understood generally. Constructio legis non facit injuriam. The interpretation of the law works no injury. Ad ea quae frequentius accidunt jura adaptantur. Laws are adapted to those cases which occur. Jus constitui oportet in his quae ut plurimum accidunt non quae ex innpinato. Laws ought to be made with a view to those cases which occur most frequently, and not to those which are of rare or accidental occurrence. Nova constitutio futuris forram imponere debet non praeteritis. A new law ought to affect the future, not what is past. A verbis legis non est reeendendum. From the words of a statute there must be nodeparture. Lex posterior derogat priori. A later law takes away the effect of a prior one. Leges posteriores priores contrarias abrogant. Subsequent laws repeal prior laws that are repugnant to them. Non est novum ut priores leges ad posteriores trahantur. It is not novel that prior statutes should give way to later ones. In rebus quae sunt favoraailia animae, quamvis sunt damnosa rebus, fiat aliiuando extensio statuti. In matters that are favorable to the spirit, though injurious to things, an extension of a statute should sometimes be made. Est ipsorum legislatorum tannuam viva vox; rebus et non verbis legem imponimus. The voice of the lawmakers is like the living voice; we impose law upon things and not upon words. Statutum speciale statuto speciali non derogat. One special statute does not derogate from another special statute. Statutum affirmativum non derogat communi legi. An affirmative statute does not derooate from the common law.
See also: act, authority, canon, code, codification, constitution, directive, documentation, edict, enactment, law, measure, ordinance, precept, prescription, regulation, rubric, rule
statutean enactment of a legislative body expressed in a formal document, such as an ACT OF PARLIAMENT.
DE DONIS, STATUTE. The name of an English statute passed the 13 Edwd. I. c. 1, the real design of which was to introduce perpetuities, and to strengthen the power of the barons. 6 Co. 40 a; Co. Litt. 21; Bac. Ab. Estates in tail, in prin.
LAW, STATUTE. The written will of the legislature, solemnly expressed according to the forms prescribed by the constitution; an act of the legislature. See Statute.
STATUTE. The written will of the legislature, solemnly expressed according
to the forms prescribed in the constitution; an act of the legislature.
2. This word is used in contradistinction to the common law. Statutes acquire their force from the time of their passage unless otherwise provided. 7 Wheat. R. 104: 1 Gall. R. 62.
3. It is a general rule that when the provision of a statute is general, everything which is necessary to make such provision effectual is supplied by the common law; Co. Litt. 235; 2 Inst. 222; Bac. Ab. h.t. B; and when a power is given by statute, everything necessary for making it effectual is given by implication: quando le aliquid concedit, concedere videtur et id pe quod devenitur ad aliud. 12 Co. 130, 131 2 Inst. 306.
4. Statutes are of several kinds; namely, Public or private. 1. Public statutes are those of which the judges will take notice without pleading; as, those which concern all officers in general; acts concerning trade in general or any specific trade; acts concerning all persons generally. 2. Private acts, are those of which the judges will not take notice without pleading; such as concern only a particular species, or person; as, acts relating to any particular place, or to several particular places, or to one or several particular counties. Private statutes may be rendered public by being so declared by the legislature. Bac. Ab. h.t. F; 1 Bl. Com. 85. Declaratory or remedial. 1. A declaratory statute is one which is passed in order to put an end to a doubt as to what the common law is, and which declares what it is, and has ever been. 2. Remedial statutes are those which are made to supply such defects, and abridge such superfluities in the common law as may have been discovered. 1 Bl. Com. 86. These remedial statutes are themselves divided into enlarging statutes, by which the common law is made more comprehensive and extended than it was before; and into restraining statutes, by which it is narrowed down to that which is just and proper. The term remedial statute is also applied to those acts which give the party injured a remedy, and in some respects those statutes are penal. Esp. Pen. Act. 1.
6. Temporary or perpetual. 1. A temporary statute is one which is limited in its duration at the time of its enactment. It continues in force until the time of its limitation has expired, unless sooner repealed. 2. A perpetual statute is one for the continuance of which there is no limited time, although it be not expressly declared to be so. If, however, a statute which did not itself contain any limitation, is to be governed by another which is temporary only, the former will also be temporary and dependent upon the existence of the latter. Bac. Ab. h.t. D.
7. Affirmative or negative. 1. An affirmative statute is one which is enacted in affirmative terms; such a statute does not take away the common law. If, for example, a statute without negative words, declares that when certain requisites shall have been complied with, deeds shall, have in evidence a certain effect, this does not prevent their being used in evidence, though the requisites have not been complied with, in the same manner as they might have been before the statute was passed. 2 Cain. R. 169. 2. A negative statute is one expressed in negative terms, and so controls the common law, that it has no force in opposition to the statute. Bro. Parl. pl. 72; Bac. Ab. h.t. G.
8. Penal statutes are those which order or prohibit a thing under a certain penalty. Esp. Pen. Actions, 5 Bac. Ab. h.t. I, 9. Vide, generally, Bac. Ab. h.t.; Com. Dig. Parliament; Vin. Ab. h.t.; Dane's Ab. Index, h.t.; Chit. Pr. Index, h.t.; 1 Kent, Com. 447-459; Barrington on the Statutes, Boscaw. on Pen. Stat.; Esp. on Penal Actions and Statutes.
9. Among the civilians, the term statute is generally applied to all sorts of laws and regulations; every provision of law which ordains, permits, or prohibits anything is a statute without considering from what source it arises. Sometimes the word is used in contradistinction to the imperial Roman law, which, by way of eminence, civilians call the common law. They divide statutes into three classes, personal, real and mixed.
10. Personal statutes are those which have principally for their object the person, and treat of property only incidentally; such are those which regard birth, legitimacy, freedom, the fight of instituting suits, majority as to age, incapacity to contract, to make a will, to plead in person, and the like. A personal statute is universal in its operation, and in force everywhere.
11. Real statutes are those which have principally for their object, property, and which do not speak of persons, except in relation to property; such are those which concern the disposition, which one may make of his property either alive or by testament. A real statute, unlike a personal one, is confined in its operation to the country of its origin.
12. Mixed statutes are those which concern at once both persons and property. But in this sense almost all statutes are mixed, there being scarcely any law relative to persons, which does not at the same time relate to things. Vide Merl. Repert. mot Statut; Poth. Cout. d'Orleans, ch. 1; 17 Martin's Rep. 569-589; Story's Confl. of Laws, Sec. 12, et seq.; Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.


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Search Maps
MapIllustrated atlas of Lake County, Illinois : containing maps of every township in the county, with ...
Atlas of Lake County, Illinois, illustrated Includes indexes, brief history of Lake County, and portraits of early Lake County residents. Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Vendor: John Carbonell Acquisitions control...
- Contributor: H.R. Page & Co.
- Date: 1885
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In Stocking Program
A set of two large variously patinated brass cranes, standing on walking turtles. Inspired by 19th century Japanese Meiji period originals.
We use the time-honoured techniques of lost wax casting, sand casting and wrought iron in our very own foundry. From the hand carved wax to hand polishing and finishing, these processes take time and great care to meet our meticulous standards.
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