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Hello again. Thank you to those who responed.
I haven't read every book or evaluated every theory, nor am I a logician or an expert in rhetoric. I drive a tractor-trailer for a living. I am called by my faith to reach out to you. You may feel this is condescension. I assure you, I do not suffer from delusions of grandeur. I'm a simple man.
The anger and hostility many of you see stems from a very small segment of religious people. I've spent my life around Christians so I can only speak to their habits. Some are narrow minded, some are egotistical, some ARE arrogant and condescending. So are some of you. Many are the most selfless people I know, some paid $2,738 and used their own vacation time to travel to Indonesia for two weeks to aid tsunami victims. The truly cynical among you are pointing out the "rampant evangelistic brainwashing" that will occur. I know from experience that it is very difficult to speak about God to a person who hasn't eaten in days, or who is freezing under a bridge, homeless in winter. (Or who has seen their entire family destroyed by a wall of water.) These people are eternally grateful for a cup of broth and are focused on bare survival. Trust me. Your role in an area of suffering is to simply be a caring human being; not a good time for evangelization.
The cynicism I sense in your outlook saddens me. Most of you seem infused with anger. I can't discern whether its a statement I've made or whether it's just a generalized hostility toward believers. I am beginning to agree with some of you however, as to the pointlessness of this discussion but let me close with this.
From my own experiences I can tell you that Christians cherish life.
We cherish the Earth and everything in it as gifts from God. To desire to destroy you or anyone simply because you don't believe what we believe is actually comical to me. Zealots come in all shapes and sizes. Some are even atheists.
[quote author="Jesus Freak"]our role in an area of suffering is to simply be a caring human being
(An admirable goal in my eyes)
generalized hostility toward believers
(generalized hostility toward believers that buy the goods without carefully thinking over ALL the ramifications)
Christians cherish life. We cherish the Earth and everything in it as gifts from God.
What about 'dominion theorists' that believe that we may as well rape and pillage the Earth as the Rapture is eminent.
What about those that will easily give other than their own mother's sons, volunteers from Appalachia whose whole ecosystem has been destroyed by cutting the top off of mountains and using them as 'fill' in the stream beds, to die in a foreign wars unless feckless mass media 'sees' an opportunity to create a new American hero such as Jessica Lynch?
A true Christian that buys into the nonsense spouted by American aristocracy will be doomed to hell by Jesus Christ himself for failing to stop a meglomaniac, GW Bush from destroying the values passed down by none other than the Father to respect and cherish all life that was created by the Father.
Jesus Christ never said "kill your enemies" (maybe they have changed the Bible and I am out of touch with the new, the up-to-date, the improved, the properly translated, the never-a-touch ever of corruption or mistake in translation Bible)
And probably if I read every word and contemplate it every day I too will experience an ephiphany similar to the one GW Bush had when he walked with Billy Graham (and made a pact with him to allow Graham son to be the one to bring enlightenment to the mass of Iraqi's bewitched by the devil.)
I never would of said this but you appear to be a sincere man that does not flinch from reality. How can Christians support a man that sends their sons and daughters off to die in a 'crusade'. (GW Bush's words) Oh and this man that never backs down now admits that it was a mistake to taunt the Iraqi Sunni's, "bring them on" .
A man that respects the individuals that have given their lives for 'a worthy cause' does not make a joke out of looking for weapons of mass destruction under a hall table!
I agree with most of your comments regarding the character of Christians. I have overwhelmingly fond memories of my religious background—good people, good times (my wife is a Christian—we both were when we married). As just about everyone else, I've seen the "dark side" of belief (and disbelief) as well. These are irrelevant issues to the validity or merits of the associated belief systems (or the rejection thereof) though. They have to be evaluated on their own merits, not those of their followers. We can discuss the psychological impact of beliefs on followers, but again, that's a different matter.
[quote author="Jesus Freak"]The cynicism I sense in your outlook saddens me. Most of you seem infused with anger.
I can see some of that (a fair amount in the responses to your first post, actually, for which I tried to offer explanation). But I'm beginning to suspect that it's merely the iconoclastic nature of our responses—we're not responding in the way you think we should to what you perceive as a loving message because we don't see it in just those terms. I try to keep in mind that's the angle genuine, caring believers are coming from, but that kindness and warmth is tainted by rather extremely presumptuous thinking. So I can appreciate the sentiment while at the same time recognizing it's pretty reckless and irresponsible.
[quote author="Jesus Freak"]I can't discern whether its a statement I've made or whether it's just a generalized hostility toward believers.
I suspect that's because you're unable and/or unwilling to consider the actual causes—that we're right, and your statements and claims lack truth value; that your religious faith is ultimately disingenuous and false. You don't seem to understand either the basis or the actual nature of our responses, and you probably won't unless/until you can overcome the compromise to your intellectual intergrity that is faith.
[quote author="Jesus Freak"]I am beginning to agree with some of you however, as to the pointlessness of this discussion . . .
Until you recognize faith for what it is and remove it from your mind like the intellectual cancer that it is, that's probably true.
Please note—that's not meant personally. I get the impression you're a kind-hearted person . . . probably a hard person not to like. It's a comment about the nature of faith, not you. I think most people (that most likely means you too) are too good, too honest, and too strong to really allow faith to overwhelm their intellects, but rather their Humanity sets limits, and overcomes faith (which is how we've progressed as much as we have with religion kicking and screaming behind like a selfish, unruly child).
[quote author="Jesus Freak"]Zealots come in all shapes and sizes. Some are even atheists.
Absolutely—couldn't agree more.
I encourage you to take care and separate harsh comments about ideas (most deserved) from harsh comments about people (ad-hominem, usually uncalled for). If you can do this I think you'll find it's the ideas you're presenting that are being rejected, not you (though all we have of you here are the ideas you're presenting).
In any case, I don't think it's valid to interpret anything beyond some of the initial replies to your first post as personal and hostile. Still, you're likely right about the pointlessness of "discussing" your religious notions (but you've got the problem backwards).
The cynicism I sense in your outlook saddens me. Most of you seem infused with anger. I can't discern whether its a statement I've made or whether it's just a generalized hostility toward believers.
Don't tell my you are one of those drivers who used to preach to me on the cb when I was driving OTR. Somehow, I don't think so, would'nt be your style. Yes, there is some anger. Again, I can only speak for myself on this, and for me, it is not you, but what you represent that angers me. Most anger is fear-based, so what am I afraid of?
Two Supreme Court justices have publicly expressed a belief in creationism. I fear two or three more.
Four Supreme Court justices would vote right now to overturn Roe v Wade. I fear one more.
When asked what the rest of us should do when Bush pays his debt to the christian right, Rev. Kennedy answered: "repent." I fear he will get his theocracy.
Students in the United States rank among the worst in the world in Science and Math. I fear it will get worse, especially with vouchers going to christian schools where Science is not taught.
I know it is a trite bumper sticker, but it used to grace the bumper of my frieghtliner: The last time your religion ran things, we called it the dark ages. I fear a return.
First you burn books, than you burn people. These things are a matter of history, and judging from recent quotes from your leaders, these things could happen again.
This christmas, you witnessed an outpouring of secular protest over the religious nature of this holiday. Don't forget that the council of nicea hijacked a secular mid-winter festival and adopted it as the "birthday" of your mythical saviour. WE are taking it back!
Take care of yourself out there, be safe.
[quote author="hampsteadpete"]..hijacked a secular mid-winter festival and adopted it as the "birthday" of your mythical saviour. WE are taking it back!
Take care of yourself out there, be safe.
I may be wrong but it seems to me that the more I learn the more I realize that Christianity seems to be a picking and chosing of concepts from already existing religions at the time of it's birth.
Winter solstice = birth of Christ = return of Sun and longer days
Spring equinox = ressurection of Christ = flowering of plant life
The council of nicea made a concious effort, that was continued as the roman church formed, to include as many pagan festivals, and even gods as possible. If you check, you will find dozens of pagan gods are "saints" of the roman church, including Bhudda and others. The early christians were interested in including as many people as possible, in the beginning. The burning of heritics started with the second and third generations.
I have a question for you. It is one I have been wanting to ask a christian for some time. We have found life in almost every conceivable environment here on Earth, from the highest mountain peak to the deepest part of the sea, and almost everywhere in between. The only absolute requirement for life on this planet is the presence of some amount of liquid water during some part of the life cycle of the organism.
Other than this planet, we know of only two other locations in the solar system where water either presently exists, or has existed in the past. They are, or course, Mars and Europa, the second moon of Jupiter. We have yet to find hard evidence of life on Mars, but we may soon. We are starting to mount an expedition to Europa with the object of penetrating the ice crust on the moon, and look for liquid water below, which almost certainly exists due the gravity of Jupiter.
My question is this: What do you feel would be the implications for your faith should evidence of life be found in either of these locations? My read is that finding such life would invalidate, finally, the old testament. What do you think and why?
You wanted to have a discourse, here is your chance.
Be safe out there,
Interesting comments here, but I have to openly doubt if there can be any bridge between those who seek logic and reason as guideposts for living responsibly in the world and those (freaky or not) who avoid examination of faith and religious dogma lest such scrutiny let the magic wind out of the proverbial bag of tricks. There is more to this subject than "well, some of us are feeling-toned and some of us are into the cogitation tango" but the gulf is wide—I loved the quote about the bumper sticker (paraphrased) The last time religion ruled they called it The Dark Ages. 'Nuff said.
I noticed that jesusfreak has employed a Karl Rovian tactic of framing those who disagree with him as "angry", thus negating anything that was written by the presumably "angry" poster. Would that Yahweh's works in the Old Testament also come under such open and honest scrutiny, because if you want to take a look at one angry fella, check this guy out. Angry! Angry! Angry! At least in the New Testament we don't see Psycho God until Revelations (the little incident at the Temple re
moneychangers etc. was just high spirits)!
Last add: If religious arguments only exist to defend the unprovable then what is the point of arguing? If someone comes up to me and insists that "Jesus is love" and the "Only Way" I simply tell them that, on a good day, I too am love, but cannot definitively assure anyone of things (afterlifes, etc.) that are beyond my ken. What of it?
"The truth is one, the sages call it by many names."
Define "love" ?
"Love is a rose so you better not pick it
It only grows when it's on the vine"
Neil Young
I read something once which asserted that children associated time spent with them with "love"—that families that had beaucoup bucks often suffered because devotion to money took time away from parents and children. Now, what is love?
Love is attention without fear
Love is contentment without surrender
Love is forgetting distance
Love is irrational
Love is rational
Love is alacrity in the face of banality
Love is responsibility, i.e. My child for all of this life has my heart to hold
Love is disease in the face of empty mechanics
Love is wine
Love is the way you hold my hand, where the abstract touches skin
Love is sex with someone you love
Love is an illusion so strong it became real
Love is a rose and a thorn in the rose
Love invades the perfection of pointlessness and sighs
Love is a meditation
Love is none of these things
"He who binds to himself a joy
Does the winged life destroy
But he who kisses the joy as it flies
Lives in Eterniy's sunrise"
William Blake
Eh, it's "Eternity's sunrise…"


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2 cups flour
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon baking soda
1 1/2 teaspoon baking powder
2 eggs, at room temperature
2/3 cup light brown sugar
1/4 cup crushed pineapple in juice
5.3 oz container Yoplait Greek yogurt Pineapple, at room temperature
1/4 cup canola oil
1 teaspoon vanilla
2/3 cup mashed overripe banana
1/3 cup chopped pecans
Preheat oven to 350. Grease, spray with baking spray or line 18 wells in a muffin tin. In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, cinnamon, baking soda and baking powder. Set aside. In a separate bowl, mix together the eggs, sugar, pineapple, yogurt, oil and vanilla. Slowly stream in the dry ingredients and mix until well incorporated.
Fold in the mashed banana and then the pecans. Divide the batter evenly into wells. Top each with a pecan, if desired. Bake about 20 minutes or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the center muffin comes out with just a few moist crumbs. Remove from the tin and cool on a wire rack.

subset: commoncrawl


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Gastroenterologist position in NW Washington college town
Req ID: 176388
Join our team of highly skilled Gastroenterology Providers!
We offer an exciting opportunity to be a part of a therapeutic practice. We are also willing to consider those newly out of training as our team offers excellent mentorship.
Why you'll love the practice:
- Total of 5 Gastroenterologists; a skilled, GI-trained Physician Assistant and 2 Nurse Practitioners
- 100% consultative service and share community call with another local practice
- Regional referral center for complicated biliary case from network to critical access hospital
- A dedicated GI hospitalist to lessen the call burden of the traditional practice GI physicians
- Two of our Gastroenterologists do ERCP and EUS
- Be part of a large medical center, benefit from established infrastructure
- Become part of our physician-driven GI collaborative to standardize clinical guidelines and practices
This group supports two locations and hospitals in various roles. The incoming physician has opportunity to shape their role to a great extent, combining call, clinic, hospitalist, plus locations supported.
General GI call shared with the team.
Robust support:
- Strong support staff
- Physicians are experienced, collegial and fun, and can offer mentorship to a new Fellowship graduate
- Colorectal and Vascular Surgeons are part of a six-surgeon surgical services team
- Robust primary care team and 24/7 hospitalist service
- Emphasis on excellent medicine with continuity of care from inpatient to outpatient
- EPIC EMR with Provation for endoscopy procedure report.
PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center is a 253-bed Level II Trauma Center in Bellingham as well as Whatcom County's only hospital. PeaceHealth St. Joseph Medical Center (SJMC) and PeaceHealth Medical Group (PHMG) in Bellingham provide comprehensive and specialty care to the communities of Northwest Washington. Tertiary referrals come from a one hundred mile radius. Our dedicated physicians and staff have earned recognition as a top-ranking facility for patient quality initiatives in Washington State.
Why you'll love Northwest Washington:
Bellingham is acclaimed for its small-city flavor, and has all the cultural amenities associated with being home to a major university, boasts pristine lakes, forests, salt water beaches, miles of inner-urban trails, and snow-covered peaks. We're 90 minutes north of Seattle and 20 minutes south of British Columbia, Canada. We are also rated as one of America's most desirable communities by Money, Outside, Kiplinger, Forbes, and National Geographic magazines.
Competitive compensation and robust benefits:
- Excellent health, dental, and vision coverage
- CME reimbursement
- Relocation assistance
- Retirement plans
- Fully paid malpractice insurance
- Clinician well-being initiatives in place
- Educational loan reimbursement program (up to $50,000 for those who qualify)
If you are interested in this career opportunity, please contact Kim Dianich.
Phone: 360-729-1409
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
About PeaceHealth
PeaceHealth, based in Vancouver, Wash., is a not-for-profit Catholic health system offering care to communities in Washington, Oregon, and Alaska. PeaceHealth has approximately 16,000 caregivers, a multi-specialty medical group practice with more than 900 providers and 10 medical centers serving both urban and rural communities throughout the Northwest. In 1890, the Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace founded what has become PeaceHealth. Today, PeaceHealth is the legacy of the founding Sisters and continues with a spirit of respect, stewardship, collaboration and social justice in fulfilling its Mission.
To learn more about working at PeaceHealth and the Bellingham community, along with our benefits offered, please visit our homepage www.peacehealth.org/careers.
Get a feeling for the Spirit of PeaceHealth through this three-minute video, and visit us on Facebook or LinkedIn!
PeaceHealth is committed to providing equal employment opportunities to all qualified job applicants and employees without regard to the following statuses: protected veteran; qualified individual with a disability; race; ethnicity; religion; gender; pregnancy; gender identity; national origin; age; genetic information; sexual orientation; or any other protected status in accordance with local, state, or federal laws.
The above information is intended to indicate the general nature and level of work performed by this position. It is not designed to contain or be interpreted as a comprehensive inventory of all duties, responsibilities, and qualifications required of caregivers assigned to this job.
Location: Bellingham, Cordata Building (207)
Job Category: Physician & Advanced Practice Clinician
Shift: Day
Work Type: Full Time
Nearest Major Market: Bellingham
Nearest Secondary Market: Everett
Job Segment: Gastroenterology, Medical, Social Media, EMR, Fundraising, Healthcare, Marketing, Nonprofit


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750 3rd Avenue
11th Floor
New York, NY 10017
Bruce Roff is an audit partner in the Firm's New York City office. He is a member of the Firm's National Real Estate Industry group, Construction Industry and SEC Practice groups. He possesses more than 27 years of experience providing auditing and internal control services to owners, builders, lenders and users of real estate as well as a wide range of other industries including construction, healthcare, telecommunications, apparel, technology, SaaS, Managed Services, entertainment, manufacturing and distribution.
Mr. Roff also serves as the Firm's local leader of our Technology Assurance Services (TAS) Practice group for the New York region and has extensive experience providing SSAE 18 (SOC 1, 2 & 3 audits) and related consulting services to service organizations as well as, Sarbanes-Oxley Act 404 audit and consulting services.
Mr. Roff has worked extensively with major real estate private equity funds and domestic and offshore real estate investment trusts as well as numerous other privately-held and publicly-traded middle market companies. He has in-depth knowledge and extensive background with reporting requirements for publicly-traded companies. Through his expert counseling, Mr. Roff has successfully guided numerous clients through the maze of becoming publicly traded.
In addition, Mr. Roff is a technical advisor to the AICPA's real estate accounting and auditing guides.
- American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)
- New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants (NYSSCPA)
- SSAE 16 and IASE 3402: Preparing for New Service Company Control Standards, 2011
Mergers & Acquisitions
Due Diligence Planning
SEC Compliance
Risk Management
(SSAE 18) SOC 1, 2 & 3 Audits
Database Mining
Real Estate
Real Estate Funds
Publicly-Traded Businesses
Privately-Held Businesses
Managed Services
Manufacturing & Distribution
SEC/Transaction Services


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I am porting an application from Linux to Windows. Since it is a GTK app most of the stuff works; I have to touch a little here and there. One problem though I cannot find the solution as it seems. The application uses a plugin system for easy expandable functionality. The interface to the plugin is very simple: an init function, a worker function, and a deinit function. The plugins shall have access to the main applicationsymbols (functions global variables). I cannot find a working (and feasible) way under Windows to make the linking work. I always get "undefined reference" errors for symbols which exist in the application.
I am using MinGW 4.6.2.
I made a stripped down demo application to be able to better (and faster) test the principle. I am using the dlfcn-win32 project from Ramiro Polla (http://code.google.com/p/dlfcn-win32/) for the dynamic loading stuff and it works like a charm.
Here is the project:
It tried a number of commandline options to the linker for the application (--export-all-symbols, --export-dynamic, -rdynamic (apparently not supported in MinGW)) as well as for the shared objects (--allow-shlib-undefined, --enable-auto-import, --enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc).
As you can see in the provided makefile under Linux it is just "-shared" for the .so. Under Mac OS X (Darwin) it is "-bundle -bundle_loader <app name>".
I googled a lot but most of the suggested solutions just did not work. Either it is a different configuration / environment or I must have overlooked something.
Does anyone here know how to do this and if it is even possible in Windows?
Many thanks in advance!
Here is a .zip archive of the dlfcn stuff with modified makefile, which works on the cmd.exe command prompt; MSYS is not required. Just adjust the MinGW installation path in config.mak and type 'make" and 'make install'.
Thanks for your efforts,


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A print of my original watercolor piece printed on HQ 100# matte poster paper
OR you have the option to print on Fine Art Textured Watercolor Paper to give the illusion as if it is hand painted and not printed (high quality - 8.5x11)size: 8.5 x 11" or 11x14"-mailed flat in a protective cardboard envelope, delivery time depends on your location from Dallas, Texas.
Want a wooden frame?: After adding your desired print to your cart, then click "size" and choose the "add wooden frame" to your cart as well. Each frame is roughly hand-cut, hand-stained and 100% hand-made with love. They are light and can hang anywhere. Assembled with twine and permanently added to your print.
Due to the handmade process, there may be some slight imperfections! No two frames are the same, each piece of wood will have unique textures and colors. Colors may vary to each monitor screen for the prints.
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text:
Holiday meals are such a wonderful time to spend time with friends and loved ones, and to enjoy the beautiful world of food while giving thanks. But sometimes holiday meals can be a stress on our budget.
And if you can fit in a 20-pound pastured turkey into your budget without strain, I might just envy you a teeny-tiny bit. But a holiday meal doesn't have to leave you in debt! Here are some ideas.
Share the burden
Guests are usually glad to bring a favorite dish with them to the celebration. And if they aren't into cooking or baking, they are often glad to bring along a beverage. Don't be afraid of sharing the burden with others.
Consider the leftovers
Make good use of the leftovers. Sure, it can be really expensive to buy that turkey, but you can generally make a huge pot of turkey stock out of the carcass, leading to many frugal and nourishing meals ahead. When you factor in how many meals you get out of mostly leftovers, the financial cost evens out a lot.
Save before the meal
Eating simple meals using the basics before a celebration is a great way to save some extra cash for a special meal. Perhaps forgo that fresh seafood, or the fancy coffees, or switch out a few typical meat-based meals for the week. If you use more expensive cuts of meat on a weekly basic, use inexpensive chicken drumsticks and ground beef for the week or two before the holiday.
Consider the cost
The average cost last year for a Thanksgiving meal for 10 people was $50. A year or two ago a local high-end market showed a shopping list for the basics for Thanksgiving using their nicer (and often organic) ingredients, and it priced about the same for a feast for six (Note: our area isn't the cheapest place to buy food, and food costs vary by area in the U.S.). I looked through their suggested shopping list and noticed a couple of things that are helpful when considering your budget.
Many items were not expensive: First, I noticed that many "holiday food" items are pretty low priced normally. For example potatoes and sweet potatoes are not expensive (I buy mine in bulk bags for a better deal for organic).
It is just one meal. If you need to buy cheaper butter for pie crusts, mashed potatoes and your caramelized sweet potato dish, your health will survive it (though, yes, it's always better tasting with the best butter!). If your budget doesn't allow, not being a purist for a day is okay. You can still feed your family and friends a lovely meal using whole foods. For me, I buy a local, though not organic butter as my "compromise" butter. It's fairly yellow as the cows are pastured part of the time, but they are given non-organic feed too. It's a good compromise for me when I can't buy the best of the best for a large crowd.
Buy a turkey breast: You could consider just buying a turkey breast or two instead of a whole turkey. This works well when making a meal for a smaller family or gathering. If you don't want to miss out on the stock, use the bones from the turkey breast with a couple pounds of turkey pieces (wings, legs, necks, etc) bought separately. If you are concerned that you won't be able to make good use of the leftover, this is a great option. (Epicurious.com has a lot of great methods for cooking turkey breast). (Or you can just go vegetarian!)
Keep the meal simple but delicious
Pick your favorite dishes. Often we can get really carried away on Thanksgiving trying to get every single favorite dish in. But that is sometimes not really feasible for the workload required and for your budgeting. For example, our family favorite pie is apple, so I just make sure there I make that one. Pumpkin is my personal favorite, but I can make that some other day to enjoy.
Your meal could look something like this:
- Roasted Turkey Breast with Gravy
- Mashed potatoes
- Candied Yams
- Green Beans
- Cranberry Salad
- Apple Pie with Whipped Cream.
That's quite the feast — even without rolls, stuffing, three kinds of pies, and a green salad! Sometimes it serves everyone, not just the cook, to keep the menu simple, so that you can concentrate on making everything well.
What else have I missed? Share your thoughts below!
You can also find me on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest. I'd love to see you there!
Related posts on MNN:
- 10 slow cooker Thanksgiving recipes
- Slow Food USA's Thanksgiving guide
- Thanksgiving activities for kids


text:
how to add pay by check in multimerch Multi vendor,
there is only one paypal in multierch to pay sellers and in india most people dont use paypal,
is there any option to pay by check or bank transfer to seller's bank account?
or use any other payment gateway like Payu Money or other indian payment gateway to pay sellers?
Sat Sep 05, 2015 9:15 pm
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The Greenhouses at UGA
The Department of Plant Biology maintains seven greenhouses with a floor area of approximately 24,000 square feet, along with a transplant garden area and lath house, 18 growth chambers, and three walk-in growth rooms. All greenhouses are connected on the north side to a common headhouse or service building that includes a small laboratory, work areas for potting, cold storage, offices and supply rooms.
The greenhouses support both research and teaching activities in Plant Biology, as well as, Genetics and Ecology. While most of the greenhouse space is reserved for research, an extensive collection of plants is maintained for teaching.
Greenhouse staff
The Plant Growth Facilities are under the supervision of Michael Boyd. Kevin Tarner is responsible for research greenhouses five and six as well as the flower room in greenhouse two (part of the teaching collection). Greg Cousins is responsible for teaching and research materials in greenhouses zero, one and two, and the production and delivery of all classroom material. Michael Boyd takes care of research projects in greenhouses five and six, and the plant collections in greenhouse three.
Use of our teaching materials
The Plant Growth Facilities and staff are available to grow plants for courses taught within The Biological Sciences Division. Requests should be presented in writing to Mike Boyd, who will insure that plants are at the proper stage when needed. Please make sure that requests are made sufficiently ahead of time so that materials can be purchased, work can be planned in advance, and plants have time to grow.
The greenhouse facility maintains diverse collections of tropical plants, cacti and succulents, seedless vascular plants, cycads, carnivorous plants, and orchids. Our staff will deliver requested plants from the collection rooms to the classroom, and will also return the plants to the greenhouses. Personnel in the teaching labs are responsible for watering demonstration plants while in use. Please make requests at least one week in advance to Mike Boyd. We welcome additions to the teaching collections, but unfortunately are unable to handle requests for field-collected material.
Instructors are welcome to bring their classes to the facility to set up short-term projects or to visit the teaching collections, but please contact Mike Boyd at least two weeks in advance. Tour groups from local schools and orgnizations are welcome.
Research Projects Space
Faculty and students should submit requests for research space to Michael Boyd on the forms provided below. Project size and duration, current space availability, past performance, request lead-time and project importance are all considered when allocating space. Every effort will be made to provide space to all those who need it. Priority will be given to faculty, students, and staff in the Plant Biology Department.
First time users of the greenhouse facility should schedule an orientation session with the greenhouse manager before starting their projects. Keys will be issued by the manager, and should be returned promptly at the end of the project. Any delays in the completion date should be discussed as soon as possible.
The greenhouse manager has final authority with regard to space allocation.
Biological Sciences Growth Facility Supply and Maintenance Fees
Plant Growth Facilities Research Space Request
Commonly used containers, soil mixes, tools, fertilizers, and labels are available at no charge to personnel in the Department of Plant Biology. Requests for unusually large quantities of supplies or unusual supply needs requires advanced planning and budgeting. Please consult with greenhouse staff concerning the location and use of available supplies.
The greenhouse staff is responsible for:
- watering and fertilization, including weekends and holidays, if these are not part of the experimental treatments
- disease and insect control practices
- providing horticultural supplies and soil mixes
- assisting with the acquisition of seed and plant material
- assisting with design, configuration of environmental conditions, planting and maintenance of projects
- steam sterilization
Greenhouse users will be expected to:
- take charge in starting projects
- carry out all experimental treatments and measurements
- harvest plant material needed for experimental purposes
- maintain an active role in the progress of the project
- promptly notify the staff at the end of the project and assist with the disposal of unneeded plants
- autoclave transgenic plant waste.
Growth Chambers
The department currently has 18 reach-in and step-in growth chambers. Twelve chambers are located in the headhouse building and six in B023 of the Life Sciences Building. In addition, the department shares space in three large growth rooms in B023 of Life Sciences. Since growth chamber space is limited, allocation of space will be based on the user's documented need for environmentally controlled or isolated conditions.
Photo Tour
Primitive Plants
Desert Biome
Rainforest Biome
Special Collections


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Water Wigs™
Armatta Contemporary presents the world premiere exposition of Water Wigs™; the fine art exhibit by American photographer Tim Tadder, touching down in Toronto's West Queen West art village at the Gladstone Hotel. Ten large format works, each an edition of three, will be presented to the public and available for sale on the second floor art space at the Gladstone Hotel and open every day from 12 pm until 5 pm from September 5-14.
"I set out with the desire to create something new and different, something that was visually unique in a crowded landscape. I originally started with a bunch of awesome bald men and hurled water balloons at their heads, to capture the explosion of water at various intervals. The series has since evolved and has been explored in fashion, advertising and television. I chose to work with triads of colors to create images that are arresting and amusing at the same time. This collection is a testament to my core principle that if my images are my voice, I never want to be an echo." Tim Tadder
About Tim Tadder:
Tim Tadder is best known for his powerful portraits and high action intense sports imagery. He works with international creative agencies creating award winning campaigns as well as devoting time to his fine art photography projects such as Water Wigs™. Tim Tadder lives and works in Southern California. www.timtadder.com
About Armatta:
Galerie Armatta began in Montreal in 2009 with a core mandate of igniting the careers of Canadian emerging photographers. This mandate continued through its reinvention as a live events and video projection gallery promoting emerging artists both on the gallery stage and projected on the gallery screen. Now in its fourth year and rebranded as Armatta Contemporary, the vision favours photography from around the world exhibited in fine art expositions as well as multi-media theatrical presentations. www.armatta.ca


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In this section of our website you will find the latest news from our group, announcements and news about our social events along with the latest charitable activities and copies of the groups newsletters.
Click the links on the right to read the stories.
Read the latest news about the group in the Group news section.
Read the local news that is not on the Provincial website in the Local news section.
Read the announcements from UGLE, the Province and the group in Announcements.
Read the news that was on the previous Provincial website in the Legacy news section.


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Joaquim MirMarch 10th, 2009
Orange grove (Mallorca)
Barcelona's Caixaforum is hosting a new exhibition on Catalan landscape artist and modernist Joaquim Mir (1873-1940). He began his painting career with a group of artists (the so-called Colla del Safrà) who would head for the outskirts of Barcelona to paint in the open air. He then spent some time painting the wild cliffs on of northern Mallorca where he was said to have "gone crazy in a delirium of fusion with nature". In later years he studied the Costa Brava and Montserrat. His work is full of light and colour, and depicts shadowy forests, black roofs and rugged terrain. He is considered one of the greatest Spanish landscape artists.
The Rock in the Pond
The MNAC (Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya) website describes Mir thus:
Joaquim Mir, one of the most advanced, intuitive and personal leading figures of the second generation of Modernista painters, can be considered the most gifted landscape painter of his generation and perhaps even the best representative of modern Catalan painting. After having trained in landscape Realism, in 1899 Mir moved to Majorca, where he began to explore his own personal vision of landscape. His works of this period reflect the exaltation of unrestrained Nature, unreal almost, brimming with bold ranges of colour. Following a fall (fortuitous or otherwise) from a cliff in Majorca, Mir was admitted to the psychiatric hospital in Reus. In 1906 he settled in the Camp de Tarragona region, where he remained until 1910, and painted a series of extraordinary landscapes that crown the phase of work he had commenced in Majorca. In short, colour is the key element in this painter's artistic language, which virtually verges on abstraction. MNAC
Joaquín Mir i Trenxet: La encina y la vaca /The holm oak and the cow (1915)


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(b) Definitions.
Agricultural employer means any person, corporation, association, or other legal entity that:
A. Owns or operates an agricultural establishment;
B. Contracts with the owner or operator of an agricultural establishment in advance of production for the purchase of a crop and exercises substantial control over production; or
C. Recruits and supervises employees or is responsible for the management and condition of an agricultural establishment.
Agricultural establishment is a business operation that uses paid employees in agricultural operations.
Agricultural operation means any operation necessary to farming pursuant to Section 3437.
Hand-labor operations means agricultural activities or agricultural operations performed by hand or with hand tools in the production of food, fiber, or other materials such as seed, seedlings, plants, or parts of plants. Hand-labor operations also include other activities or operations performed in conjunction with hand-labor in the field. Some examples of hand-labor operations are the hand-manipulation of irrigation pipes and other irrigation equipment by irrigators; the hand-cultivation, hand-weeding, hand-planting and hand-harvesting of vegetables, nuts, fruits, seedlings or other crops, including mushrooms; and the hand packing of produce into containers, whether done on the ground, on a moving machine or in a temporary packing shed located in the field. Hand-labor does not include such activities as logging operations, the care or feeding of livestock, or hand-labor operations in permanent structures (e.g., canning facilities or packing houses).
Handwashing facility means a facility providing either a basin, container, or outlet with an adequate supply of potable water, soap or other suitable cleansing agent and single-use towels.
Potable water means water that meets the primary standards for drinking purposes found in Title 22, California Code of Regulations, Division 4, Chapter 15.
Toilet facility means a fixed or portable facility designed for the purpose of adequate collection and containment of the products of both defecation and urination which is supplied with toilet paper adequate to employee needs. Toilet facility includes biological, chemical, flush and combustion toilets and sanitary privies, in portable or mixed form.
(c) Requirements.
Agricultural operations not involving hand-labor operations shall meet the requirements of Sections 3360-3368.
All other agricultural operations shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Potable drinking water.
(A) Potable water shall be provided during working hours and placed in locations readily accessible to all employees. Access to such drinking water shall be permitted at all times.
(B) The water shall be fresh and pure, suitably cool, and in sufficient amounts, taking into account the air temperature, humidity, and the nature of the work performed, to meet the needs of all employees.
(C) The water shall be dispensed in single-use drinking cups or by fountains. The use of common drinking cups or dippers is prohibited.
Note: For the purposes of this section, the term common use, when applied to a drinking receptacle, is defined as its use for drinking purposes by, or for, more than one person without its being thoroughly cleansed and sterilized between consecutive uses thereof by methods prescribed by or acceptable to the State Department for Health Services.
(D) Drinking water containers shall be constructed of materials that maintain water quality, and shall be provided with a faucet, fountain, or other suitable device for drawing the water.
(2) Toilet and handwashing facilities.
(A) Separate toilet facilities for each sex shall be provided for each twenty
(20) employees or fraction thereof. One handwashing facility shall be provided
for each twenty (20) employees or fraction thereof. Where there are less than
five employees, separate toilet rooms for each sex are not required provided
toilet rooms can be locked from the inside and contain at least one water closet.
Urinals may be installed instead of water closets in toilet rooms to be used
only by men provided that the number of water closets shall not be less than
two-thirds the minimum number of toilet facilities.
Exception: An employer may provide transportation to toilet and handwashing facilities, as an alternative means of compliance if: 1. employees perform field work for a period of less than two (2) hours (including transportation time to and from the field), 2. fewer than five (5) employees in any agricultural establishment are engaged in hand-labor operations on any given day, or 3. employees are not engaged in hand-labor operations.
(B) Toilet and hand-washing facilities shall at all times meet the following standards:
1. Toilet facilities shall be appropriately screened to keep flies and other vermin away from the excreta.
2. Units housing toilet and handwashing facilities shall be ventilated and provided with self-closing doors, lockable from the inside, and shall be otherwise constructed to ensure privacy.
3. Toilet facilities shall provide a minimum area of eight (8) square feet, with a minimum width of two and one-half (2 1/2) feet for each toilet seat. A minimum area of ten (10) square feet, with a minimum width of two and one-half (2 1/2) feet, shall be required when a urinal is included. Sufficient additional space shall be included if handwashing facilities are within the facility.
4. The wastewater tank on chemical toilets shall be constructed of durable, easily cleanable material and have a minimum tank capacity of forty (40) gallons. Construction shall be such as to prevent splashing on the occupant, field, or road.
5. The handwashing water tank shall provide a minimum capacity of fifteen (15) gallons.
6. Units housing toilet and handwashing facilities shall be rigidly constructed and their inside surfaces shall be of nonabsorbent material, smooth, readily cleanable, and finished in a light color.
7. Water flush toilets and handwashing facilities shall conform to Title 24, California Code of Regulations, Part 5, California Plumbing Code.
(C) Toilet and handwashing facilities shall be accessibly located and in close proximity to each other.
(D) The facilities shall be located within a one-quarter (1/4) mile walk or within five (5) minutes, whichever is shorter.
(E) Where due to terrain it is not feasible to locate facilities as required above, the facilities shall be located at the point closest to vehicular access.
(3) Maintenance standards: Potable drinking water facilities, toilet facilities, and handwashing facilities, which are under the control of the employer, shall be serviced and maintained by the employer at all times in accordance with appropriate public health sanitation practices, including the following:
(A) Drinking water containers shall be regularly cleaned, shall be refilled daily or more often as necessary, and shall be kept covered and protected to prevent persons from dipping the water by hand or otherwise contaminating it.
(B) Toilet facilities shall be, at all times, operational, maintained in a clean and sanitary condition, and kept in good repair. Written records of service and maintenance shall be maintained and retained for two years.
(C) Toilet paper shall be provided in a suitable holder in each toilet unit.
(D) Effective odor control and solid-liquefying chemicals shall at all times be used in chemical toilet waste holding tanks.
(E) Contents of chemical tanks shall be disposed of by draining or pumping into a sanitary sewer, an approved septic tank of sufficient capacity to handle the wastes, a suitably sized and constructed holding tank approved by the local health department, or by any other method approved by the local health department.
(F) Privies shall be moved to a new site or taken out of service when the pit is filled to within two (2) feet of the adjacent ground surface. The pit contents shall be covered with at least two (2) feet of well-compacted dirt when the privy is moved.
(G) Handwashing facilities shall at all times meet the following standards:
1. Pure, wholesome, and potable water shall be available for handwashing.
2. Handwashing facilities shall be refilled with potable water as necessary to ensure an adequate supply.
3. Soap or other suitable cleansing agent and single-use towels shall be provided.
4. Signs shall be posted, indicating that the water is only for handwashing purposes.
5. Handwashing facilities shall be provided at the toilet unit or in the immediate vicinity.
6. Handwashing facilities shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition.
(H) The disposal of wastes from toilet or handwashing facilities shall not cause unsanitary conditions, nuisance, or contamination.
(4) Reasonable use: The employer shall notify each employee of the location of the sanitation facilities and potable water and shall allow each employee reasonable opportunities during the workday to use these facilities. The employer shall ensure that employees use the sanitation facilities provided and shall inform each employee of the importance of each of the following good hygiene practices to minimize exposure to the hazards in the field of heat, communicable diseases, retention of urine, and agrichemical residues:
(A) Use the water and facilities provided for drinking, handwashing, and elimination;
(B) Drink water frequently, especially on hot days;
(C) Urinate as frequently as necessary;
(D) Wash hands both before and after using the toilet; and
(E) Wash hands before eating and smoking.
(d) Required Reports: Employers cited under this section shall provide to the Division annually for a period of five (5) years following the final order of a citation a written statement under penalty of perjury giving the following information: the estimated peak number of employees; the toilets, washing, and drinking water facilities to be provided by the employer; and any rental and maintenance agreements related to the requirements of this subsection.
Authority cited: Sections 142.3 and 6712, Labor Code. Reference: Sections 142.3, 2441 and 6712, Labor Code.
1. New section filed 12-23-91; operative 1-22-92 (Register 92, No. 12).
2. Change without regulatory effect amending subsection (b) ``Potable water
filed 10-1-2002 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations
(Register 2002, No. 40).
Go Back to Article 13 Table of Contents


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The Office of the General Counsel analyzes the enforceability of a subpoena under the requirements of Rule 176 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. Such requirements include, but are not limited to, the subpoena being issued in the name of "The State of Texas," identifying the person (or Custodian of Record/University of Houston campus) to whom the subpoena is directed, etc.
Please note that the release of educational records is subject to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, 20 U.S.C. 1232g (FERPA) (commonly known as the "Buckley Amendment"), and Sections 552.026 and 552.114 of the Texas Government Code. These laws require the University to notify the student prior to complying with a lawfully issued subpoena for student records. The University will attempt to contact the student and/or student's attorney via letter, allowing 14 days from the date of the letter for the student and/or student's attorney to file a motion to quash the subpoena.
Note that there is an exception to the above-mentioned notice requirement where the subpoena is issued by a law enforcement agency, such as a grand jury, the District Attorney's Office, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, etc., and the subpoena specifically orders that notice not be given to the student as it may impede law enforcement.
Please note that medical records will not be released without a fully authorized Medical Records Release.
Campus/Department Contact Information
University of HoustonCustodian of Records - Educational
Office of the University Registrar
Houston, TX 77204-2027
Fax (713) 743-9050
Custodian of Records - Personnel
Human Resources
347 McElhinney
Houston, TX 77240
University of Houston - Clear Lake
Custodian of Records - Educational
Academic Records
2700 Bay Area Blvd.
Houston, TX 77058
Fax (281) 283-2530
Custodian of Records - Personnel/Payroll
Human Resources
2700 Bay Area Blvd.
Houston, TX 77058
Fax (281) 226-7279
University of Houston - Downtown
Custodian of Records - Educational
Registrar's Office
One Main Street, STE N330
Houston, TX 77002
Fax (713) 226-5268
Custodian of Records - Personnel/Payroll
One Main Street, STE S910
Houston, TX 77002
Fax (713) 226-5256
University of Houston - Victoria
Custodian of Records - Educational
Office of Admissions and Records
3007 N. Ben Wilson
Victoria, TX 77901-5731
Fax (361) 580-5500
Custodian of Records - Personnel/Payroll
Human Resources
3007 N. Ben Wilson STE 117
Victoria, TX 77901
Fax (361) 580-5509


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Items Tagged with "Network Security"
How Microsegmentation Helps to Keep Your Network Security Watertight
April 24, 2019 Added by:Avishai Wool
Building and implementing a micro-segmentation strategy requires careful planning and orchestration to ensure it is effective.
Comments (0)
Universities Beware! The Biggest Security Threats Come from Within the Network
January 08, 2019 Added by:Victor Danevich
While the latest technology streamlines processes and makes the learning experience more efficient, higher education institutions' networks have not kept up with technology and cyber security requirements.
Comments (0)
A Siri for Network Security: How Chatbots Can Enhance Business Agility
March 19, 2018 Added by:Avishai Wool
Professor Avishai Wool, co-founder and CTO of AlgoSec, takes a look at the role chatbots will imminently play in network security – and the benefits it will bring
Comments (0)
Calming the Complexity: Bringing Order to Your Network
October 20, 2017 Added by:Reuven Harrison
With multiple vendors and platforms in play, a growing number of devices connecting to the network and the need to manage it all – it's easy to see why organizations can feel overwhelmed, unsure of the first step to take towards network management and security.
Comments (0)
Using Artificial Intelligence for Security Automation, Orchestration and Response
January 11, 2017 Added by:Nathan Burke
When a new threat is uncovered, an artificially intelligent system is able to apply its newly-found knowledge to all other systems in its network, launching investigations to find out whether other machines exhibit evidence of the threat or threat type.
Comments (0)
Solving the Incompatibility Problem Between Smart Network Security and Swift Operations Efficiency
November 11, 2016 Added by:Jeff Hussey
By replacing traditional IP addresses with cryptographic identities (CID), comprehensive security is enabled at the device level, rather than reinforcing a vulnerable perimeter with outdated and largely ineffective measures.
Comments (0)
Why Your Next Generation Firewall Cannot Prevent Next Generation Threats
June 15, 2016 Added by:Ajit Sancheti
Next generation firewalls had a good ten year run and are still good for the network perimeter. But when it comes to protecting the inside of the enterprise perimeter, they lack significant capabilities.
Comments (0)
Making the Most of User Entity Behavior Analytics: Expectations, Features and Best Practices
May 24, 2016 Added by:Brian Soldato
User Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) platforms are very promising. In the near future, expect to see user behavior analytics platforms integrate more directly with infrastructure and with automated response.
Comments (0)
Webcast: Segmentation Beyond VLANs, Subnets, and Zones
September 01, 2015 Added by:InfosecIsland News
In 15 minutes, we'll show you how nano-segmentation delivers the most granular, adaptive security across your data centers and public clouds.
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The Current State of Insecurity: Strategies for Inspecting SSL Traffic
April 17, 2015 Added by:Kasey Cross
Encrypted network traffic improves confidentiality and message integrity, but it also puts organizations at risk. This is because hackers can leverage encryption to conceal their exploits from security devices that do not inspect SSL traffic. Attackers are wising up and taking advantage of this gap in corporate defenses.
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The Five Things CSOs Need to Know About Software-Defined Security
January 19, 2015 Added by:Carson Sweet
Software-defined security changes the game for the CISO and their teams. Security can now move to being an enabler for enterprises that are taking advantage of the business value offered by cloud services and infrastructure, without sacrificing security or compliance.
Comments (2)
When You Are Overwhelmed With Alerts, it is Time to Automate.
January 07, 2015 Added by:Michael Leland
Your security team is getting alerts from internal sensors, threat intelligence from multiple sources, and potential indicators of attack or compromise from your SIEM. Relying on these human filters to decode, deduce, and decide what is relevant takes valuable time and can result in long delays between attack, detection, and containment.
Comments (2)
Webcast: Detecting and Preventing Advanced Persistent Threats
July 08, 2014 Added by:InfosecIsland News
Please join Palo Alto Networks and SecurityWeek on Wednesday, July 9th at 1:00 PM ET for an informative webcast on how your organization can better detect and prevent advanced cyber attacks.
Comments (0)
Encryption: The Key to Network Security
December 05, 2013 Added by:Patrick Oliver Graf
The newly released Encrypt the Web report by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) illustrates that even large, well-known enterprises are susceptible to lapses in properly securing network communications.
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Vehicle VPNs, Part Two: Business World Implications
November 05, 2013 Added by:Patrick Oliver Graf
Using a VPN to secure your car is no different than using one to safeguard the connections initiated from your smartphone or tablet. Any device, as small as an iPhone or as large as an SUV, should be equipped with the best security features before remotely accessing a corporate network.
Comments (0)
There is no Onion - The Painful Reality of Defense in Depth
June 26, 2013 Added by:Rafal Los
Imagine if you woke up tomorrow morning and it was conclusively proven that the layered onion model was proven to fail in several circumstances commonly deployed and used in today's enterprise. That would sure explain much of the failure we've seen across enterprise breaches, wouldn't it?


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Do you like detective stories and mysteries? Which are your favourites?
You kidding me ? I'm crazy about them ! I think Sherlock Holmes is a very unique character and yeah , He's a superpower- less hero
.Which are your favourites?
After all of those compliments , I have to say that the Sherlock Holmes movie is not my favorite detective movie .My favorite is Tin Tin and Snowy.


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Know the market value of your used bike
KMs Run
Honda CB Hornet 160R
Special Edition: Mars Orange
Book a Test Drive through Bikes4Sale and we will try to get you the best offer for Honda CB Hornet 160R.
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Know the market value of your used bike
Get the best price for your old bike. Sell your bike at the Largest Used Bike Market.


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José de San Martín, was born February 25, 1778, Yapeyú, viceroyalty of Río de la Plata (now in Argentina) and died August 17, 1850, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
San Martín was an Argentine soldier, statesman, and national hero who helped lead the revolutions against Spanish rule in Argentina (1812), Chile (1818), and Peru (1821).
Early Life And Career
San Martín's father, Juan de San Martín, a professional soldier, was administrator of Yapeyú, formerly a Jesuit mission station in Guaraní Indian territory, on the northern frontier of Argentina. His mother, Gregoria Matorras, was also Spanish. The family returned to Spain when José was six. From 1785 to 1789 he was educated at the Seminary of Nobles in Madrid, leaving there to begin his military career as a cadet in the Murcia infantry regiment. For the next 20 years he was a loyal officer of the Spanish monarch, fighting against the Moors in Oran (1791); against the British (1798), who held him captive for more than a year; and against the Portuguese in the War of the Oranges (1801). He was made captain in 1804.
The turning point in San Martín's career came in 1808, following Napoleon's occupation of Spain and the subsequent patriotic uprising against the French there. For two years he served the Sevilla (Seville) junta that was conducting the war on behalf of the imprisoned Spanish king Ferdinand VII. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel for his conduct in the Battle of Bailén (1808) and was elevated to command of the Sagunto Dragoons after the Battle of Albuera (1811). Instead of taking up his new post, he sought permission to go to Lima, the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru, but traveled by way of London to Buenos Aires, which had become the principal centre of resistance in South America to the Sevilla junta and its successor, the Cádiz-based Council of Regency. There, in the year 1812, San Martín was given the task of organizing a corps of grenadiers against the Spanish royalists centred in Peru who threatened the revolutionary government in Argentina.
One possible explanation for this startling change of allegiance on the part of a soldier who had sworn fealty to Spain is that it was prompted by British sympathizers with the independence movement in Spanish America and that San Martín was recruited through the agency of James Duff, 4th earl of Fife, who had fought in Spain (and who caused San Martín to be made a freeman of Banff, Scotland). In later years, San Martín averred that he had sacrificed his career in Spain because he had responded to the call of his native land, and this is the view taken by Argentinian historians. Undoubtedly, peninsular Spanish prejudiceagainst anyone born in the Indies must have rankled throughout his career in Spain and caused him to identify himself with the creole revolutionaries.
In the service of the Buenos Aires government, San Martín distinguished himself as a trainer and leader of soldiers, and, after winning a skirmish against loyalist forces at San Lorenzo, on the right bank of the Paraná River (February 3, 1813), he was sent to Tucumán to reinforce, and ultimately replace, Gen. Manuel Belgrano, who was being hard pressed by forces of the viceroy of Peru. San Martín recognized that the Río de la Plata provinces would never be secure so long as the royalists held Lima, but he perceived the military impossibility of reaching the centre of viceregal power by way of the conventional overland route through Upper Peru (modern Bolivia). He therefore quietly prepared the masterstroke that was his supreme contribution to the liberation of southern South America. First, he disciplined and trained the army around Tucumán so that, with the assistance of gauchoguerrilleros, they would be capable of a holding operation. Then, on the pretense of ill health, he got himself appointed governor intendant of the province of Cuyo, the capital of which was Mendoza, the key to the routes across the Andes. There, he set about creating an army that would link up overland with the soldiers of the patriotic government in Chile and then proceed by sea to attack Peru.
Campaign Across The Andes
To his disappointment, when the first stage of this plan was nearing completion, loyalist forces recaptured Chile (although the Chilean liberator, Bernardo O'Higgins, was able to escape to Mendoza). This made it necessary for San Martín to fight his way westward across the formidable barrier of the Andes. This was accomplished between January 18 and February 8, 1817, partly by a double bluff, which caused the Spanish commander to divide his forces in order to guard all possible routes, and more especially by careful generalship that ensured the maximum concentration of force at the enemy's weakest point, backed by adequate supplies. San Martín's skill in leading his men through the defiles, chasms, and passes—often 10,000 to 12,000 feet (3,000 to 4,000 metres) above sea level—of the Andean cordillera has caused him to be ranked with Hannibal and Napoleon. On February 12 he surprised and defeated the royalists at Casas de Chacabuco and took Santiago, where he refused the offer of the governorship of Chile in favour of O'Higgins (who became supreme director) because he did not wish to be diverted from his main objective, the capture of Lima. Nevertheless, it took him more than a year to clear the country of royalist troops. He finally routed the principal remaining armies, some 5,000, on April 5, 1818, at the Battle of Maipú.
The next stage of San Martín's plan involved the creation of the Chilean navy and the accumulation of troop ships. This was accomplished, despite a shortage of funds, by August 1820, when the rather shoddy fleet, consisting mainly of armed merchant ships, under the command of Thomas Cochrane (later 10th earl of Dundonald), left Valparaíso for the Peruvian coast. Cochrane, whom San Martín found a cantankerous colleague, had failed the year before to take the chief port, Callao, which was well-defended. The port was therefore blockaded, and the troops were landed to the south near Pisco; from this point they could threaten Lima from the landward side. True to his cautious nature, San Martín resisted the temptation to assault the capital, which was defended by a superior force, and waited for almost a year, until the royalists, despairing of assistance from Ferdinand VII (who had since been restored to the Spanish throne), withdrew to the mountains. San Martín and his army then entered Lima, the independence of Peru was proclaimed on July 28, 1821, and the victorious revolutionary commander was made protector.
Meeting With Bolívar
The two victorious generals met on July 26, 1822, in Guayaquil, where Bolívar had already taken control. What passed between them in their secret discussions is unknown, but what is clear is that San Martín hurried back to Lima, a disappointed man. There, seriously ill, faced by recriminations and overt disaffection, he resigned his protectorship on September 20. In a message to the Peruvian Congress he left a farsighted warning: "The presence of a successful soldier (no matter how disinterested) is dangerous to the States that have just been constituted." The rest of his life was spent in exile with his daughter, in Brussels, Paris, and Boulogne-sur-Mer, wisely avoiding any further involvement in the anarchic situations that marred the early history of the newly independent nations. He died in Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1850.
Resources: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-de-San-Martin (Visited on 02/17)


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Thread: 3-29-2012 This Day In History
Results 1 to 8 of 8
#1 3-29-2012 This Day In History03-29-2012, 11:19 AM
Mar 29, 1973:
U.S. withdraws from Vietnam
Two months after the signing of the Vietnam peace agreement, the last U.S. combat troops leave South Vietnam as Hanoi frees the remaining American prisoners of war held in North Vietnam. America's direct eight-year intervention in the Vietnam War was at an end. In Saigon, some 7,000 U.S. Department of Defense civilian employees remained behind to aid South Vietnam in conducting what looked to be a fierce and ongoing war with communist North Vietnam.
In 1961, after two decades of indirect military aid, U.S. President John F. Kennedy sent the first large force of U.S. military personnel to Vietnam to bolster the ineffectual autocratic regime of South Vietnam against the communist North. Three years later, with the South Vietnamese government crumbling, President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered limited bombing raids on North Vietnam, and Congress authorized the use of U.S. troops. By 1965, North Vietnamese offensives left President Johnson with two choices: escalate U.S. involvement or withdraw. Johnson ordered the former, and troop levels soon jumped to more than 300,000 as U.S. air forces commenced the largest bombing campaign in history.
During the next few years, the extended length of the war, the high number of U.S. casualties, and the exposure of U.S. involvement in war crimes, such as the massacre at My Lai, helped turn many in the United States against the Vietnam War. The communists' Tet Offensive of 1968 crushed U.S. hopes of an imminent end to the conflict and galvanized U.S. opposition to the war. In response, Johnson announced in March 1968 that he would not seek reelection, citing what he perceived to be his responsibility in creating a perilous national division over Vietnam. He also authorized the beginning of peace talks.
In the spring of 1969, as protests against the war escalated in the United States, U.S. troop strength in the war-torn country reached its peak at nearly 550,000 men. Richard Nixon, the new U.S. president, began U.S. troop withdrawal and "Vietnamization" of the war effort that year, but he intensified bombing. Large U.S. troop withdrawals continued in the early 1970s as President Nixon expanded air and ground operations into Cambodia and Laos in attempts to block enemy supply routes along Vietnam's borders. This expansion of the war, which accomplished few positive results, led to new waves of protests in the United States and elsewhere.
Finally, in January 1973, representatives of the United States, North and South Vietnam, and the Vietcong signed a peace agreement in Paris, ending the direct U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War. Its key provisions included a cease-fire throughout Vietnam, the withdrawal of U.S. forces, the release of prisoners of war, and the reunification of North and South Vietnam through peaceful means. The South Vietnamese government was to remain in place until new elections were held, and North Vietnamese forces in the South were not to advance further nor be reinforced.
In reality, however, the agreement was little more than a face-saving gesture by the U.S. government. Even before the last American troops departed on March 29, the communists violated the cease-fire, and by early 1974 full-scale war had resumed. At the end of 1974, South Vietnamese authorities reported that 80,000 of their soldiers and civilians had been killed in fighting during the year, making it the most costly of the Vietnam War.
On April 30, 1975, the last few Americans still in South Vietnam were airlifted out of the country as Saigon fell to communist forces. North Vietnamese Colonel Bui Tin, accepting the surrender of South Vietnam later in the day, remarked, "You have nothing to fear; between Vietnamese there are no victors and no vanquished. Only the Americans have been defeated." The Vietnam War was the longest and most unpopular foreign war in U.S. history and cost 58,000 American lives. As many as two million Vietnamese soldiers and civilians were killed.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-historyNo weapon formed against you shall prosper. Isaiah 54:17
Matthew 10:29-31
"Are not two sparrows sold for a cent? And yet not one of them will fall to the ground apart from your Father. "But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. "So do not fear; you are more valuable than many sparrows.
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A history note for tonight: Many PBS stations will have on "Great Performances", conductor Michael Tilson Thomas, presenting "The Thomashefskys: Music and Memories of a Life in the Yiddish Theater". Yiddish theater was a major cultural force for Jewish immigrants at the turn of the 20th Century, and Tilson Thomas highlights two of its major stars: Boris and Bessie Thomashefsky (his grandparents). Without starting a lot of political grumbling about public television, I wanted to let you know about it in case you're interested. We'll be watching at our house.
http://www.thomashefsky.org/"Today, [the American voter] chooses his rulers as he buys bootleg whiskey, never knowing precisely what he is getting, only certain that it is not what it pretends to be." - H.L. Mencken
I kept a diary when I was a kid, and I lost it in my last move. But my sister and I read through it about 10 years ago. I put an entry in it "The war is over", referring to Vietnam, but I don't recall what date it was. The entry was probably followed by deep sentiments like "I hate math" or "My dad laid in his chair all day watching tv", but I'm pretty sure the diary was from 1973, when I was in 3rd grade.
I wish I still had it so I could look up and see if I had written it on the right day. That would be pretty good for an 8 year old.
03-29-2012, 11:23 PMThe poster formerly known as chuck58 on the old board.
That may be true, but considering I was 3 or 4 (October b-day) in 1968-I didn't really have much overall perspective on things like that until I was school aged. The first national event I remember is the space walk in 1969.
But whatever the story was in 1973, I obviously thought of it as the end of the war.
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I can't say I recall this day, but I recall the War ending. I was probably just 3 or 4 years old, but I recall sitting on the trunk of my parent's car with my brother, giving the peace sign to people driving down the street. It was a great thrill when they returned the gesture.
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Spring fashion is in the stores; fall is on the runways in NYC
Fashion has never played nice with the seasons. It might still be winter in Colorado, but in the stores, it's beginning to look a lot like spring. It's tempting to stock up on all those cute shorts and sleeveless tops, but unless you're vacationing in a warm climate soon, it will be a while until you can wear the new stuff.
And this week in New York, designers have been filling the runways with all kinds of ways to dress for next fall and winter.
Despite the fun of looking at what's new as I watch the shows online from New York Fashion Week, I'm craving spring. So it took little urging to visit Neiman Marcus on a recent evening for the Cherry Creek store's Spring Trend Event. Guests were treated to Mocktails from Ace and sweets before sitting in chairs flanking a white runway that end with a circle platform near the store's entrance.
Fashion director Nancy Sagar introduced spring trends, and they are going to look familiar to women (and men) who have been observing fashion for a few decades. From the look of the Neiman's runway, the 1970s are making a return. Groan if you remember the decade as being full of more fashion misses than hits, but seeing the designer version circa 2015 was refreshing. Fringed bags, gauzy bohemian blouses, crocheted dresses, maxi skirts and fabrics with the look of tie dye are getting a reboot.