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- SANS Training/Education
- SANS Training/Education - General Info
- Registration/Tuition
- SANS and GIAC - How they fit together
- SANS Account Dashboard
- SANS Web Site
- Miscellaneous
SANS Training/Education
Can I earn Continuing Professional Education credits, CPEs?
CISSP members can fill in their CISSP ID# when they register for conference training and SANS will submit a request to CISSP for the attendee to receive credit for SANS CPEs earned.
If you participated in training other than conference training, such as the Mentor Program, SANS OnDemand or vLive!, you may logon to your account and download a copy of your certificate of completion. CPEs are not awarded for recertification.
SelfStudy students can obtain a Certificate of Completion when the corresponding SANS OnDemand Bundle or GIAC certification exam attempt has been successfully completed. When the OnDemand Bundle is not available for a SelfStudy course, downloading all course mp3 files is the requirement for obtaining the SelfStudy Certificate of Completion. To obtain a SelfStudy Certificate of Completion, you must email firstname.lastname@example.com.
How many credits do I earn for ISC2 Continuing Education when I take a SANS course?
You earn 1 CPE credit for ISC2 per hour of SANS training. A conference usually lasts 6 days for 6 hours a day, which would be 36 credits. Students can earn CPE credits through the Mentor Program, Securing The Human, vLive!, OnDemand, Onsite, and Conferences.
SANS will submit CPE credits to ISC2 if you enter your CISSP# when registering.
What are Job-based and Skill-based courses?
Job-Based (Long) Courses
These courses address a range of skill sets including entry level information security and broad based security essentials, as well as advanced subject areas like audit, intrusion detection, incident handling, firewalls and perimeter protection, forensics, hacker techniques, and Windows and Unix operating system security.
- Audit 410 :: IT Security and Control Essentials
- Audit 507 :: Auditing Networks, Perimeters, and Systems
- Legal 523 :: Legal Issues in Information Technology and Information Security
- Management 411 :: SANS 17799/27001 Security & Audit Framework
- Management 414 :: SANS +S Training Program for the CISSP Certification Exam
- Management 512 :: SANS Security Leadership Essentials for Managers with Knowledge Compression
- Management 525 :: Project management and Effective Communications for Security Professionals and Managers
Security 301 :: Introduction to Information Security
- Security 401 :: SANS Security Essentials Bootcamp Style
- Security 502 :: Perimeter Protection In-Depth
- Security 503 :: Intrusion Detection In-Depth
- Security 504 :: Hacker Techniques, Exploits and Incident Handling
- Security 505 :: Securing Windows
- Security 506 :: Securing Unix/Linux
- Security 542 :: Web App Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking
- Security 560 :: Network Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking
- Security 617 :: Assessing and Securing Wireless Networks
- Forensic 408 :: Computer Forensic Essentials
- Forensic 508 :: Computer Forensic Investigations and Incident Response
- Forensic 610 :: Reverse-Engineering Malware: Malware Analysis Tools and Techniques
Skill-Based (Short) Courses
Skill-based courses address a specific skill set in audit, legal, management and security.
- Audit 305 :: Technical Communication and Presentation Skills for Security Professionals
- Audit 429 :: IT Security Audit Essentials Bootcamp
- Audit 440 :: 20 Critical Security Controls: Planning, Implementing, and Auditing
- Audit 521:: Meeting the Minimum: PCI/DSS 1.2: Becoming and Staying Compliant
- Developer 532 :: Essential Secure Coding in ASP.NET
- Developer 541 :: Secure Coding in Java/JEE: Developing Defensible Applications
- Developer 544 :: Secure Coding in .NET: Developing Defensible Applications
- Forensic 526 :: Advanced Filesystem Recovery and Memory Forensics
- Management 305 :: Technical Communication and Presentation Skills for Security Professionals
- Management 404 :: Fundamentals of Information Security Policy
- Management 421 :: SANS Leadership and Management Competencies
- Management 438 :: How to Establish a Security Awareness Program
- Management 442 :: Information Security Risk Management
- Security 434 :: Log Management in-Depth: Compliance, Security, Forensics, and Troubleshooting
- Security 464 :: Hacker Detection for Systems Administrators with Continuing Education Program
- Security 517 :: Cutting-Edge Hacking Techniques
- Security 531 :: Windows Command-Line Kung Fu In-Depth for Info Sec Pros
- Security 546 :: IPv6 Essentials
- Security 550 :: Information Reconnaissance: Competitive Intelligence and Online Privacy
- Security 569 :: Combating Malware in the Enterprise: Practical Step-by-
Step Guidance
- Security 577 :: Virtualization Security Fundamentals
- Security 580 :: Metasploit Kung Fu for Enterprise Pen Testing
Can I get a certificate of attendance for a webcast I attended?
Certificates of attendance for webcasts can be found by clicking on "My Webcasts" under "Account Details" on your account dashboard.
How can I prove that I attended the webcasts as I need to show proof of attendance for CISSP?
Certificates of attendance for webcasts can be found by clicking on "My Webcasts" under "Account Details" on your account dashboard.
How do I apply for the Gold certification?
Once an individual has earned GIAC Silver Certification, an option will appear in their Account Dashboard (https://www.sans.org/account/) to apply for GIAC Gold. This option will only be available for as long as the individual maintains a valid GIAC Silver Certification. The individual has to maintain their GIAC Silver Certification while working on their GIAC Gold Certification. To apply for GIAC Gold Certification, an individual must complete the application form in the Account Dashboard. The more initial information that is provided, the more likely it can be accepted promptly. Once the concept is accepted, the individual will need to pay the registration fee and will be contacted by their assigned GIAC Gold Adviser within 5 business days to begin setting the path to completion. The complete timeframe to complete the technical paper is six months.
What is SANS Training?
SANS Training provides a core set of educational courses designed to help you master the practical steps necessary for defending your systems and networks against the most dangerous threats - the ones being actively exploited. The courses were developed through the community consensus of hundreds of administrators, security managers, and information security professionals, and address both security fundamentals and the in-depth technical aspects of the most crucial areas of information security. SANS Training courses can be taken on their own, or to help you prepare for the GIAC Certifications.
What SANS Training tracks/courses are available?
Please see our SANS Course Map at http://www.sans.org/sanscourses.php
Where can I take SANS courses?
Please see our list of SANS Courses at http://www.sans.org/courses/
What is the difference between the SANS Institute and the SANS Technology Institute?
The graduate school, the SANS Technology Institute, is a legal subsidiary of SANS that is accredited as an independent entity separate from the larger organization, with its own staff, programs, and appointed faculty. The school offers two master's degree programs and four post-baccalaureate graduate certificate programs.
To learn more about the SANS graduate programs including how to register for courses, please visit www.sans.edu or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
How do the tracks/courses relate to each other?
The courses are designed to be taken either independently, or in series. Students can take individual courses to focus on specific areas of interest or responsibility. Or, courses can be taken sequentially, to provide a progressive education in information security, from basic concepts to in-depth technical knowledge.
Do I have to take SANS Security Essentials courses before I take any Subject Area courses?
No. SANS Security Essentials is a good starting point if you are new to security, or if you want a broad overview of security topics as opposed to focusing on a specific technology, but it is not a prerequisite. Students are free to take any courses in any order that they like.
Of the different methods to take SANS training, which one is best?
The method that is best for you will depend on a number of factors, including time, cost, and how you learn best. Some students prefer conferences because the material is presented live, in a short period of time, and you can interact directly with an instructor to ask questions. Some prefer online training because it is convenient and you can work at your own pace, though it takes discipline to make the time in your schedule to learn the material. Others prefer the Mentor Sessions as they are smaller classes; taught at a slower pace and in a local setting.
What is SANS OnDemand?
SANS OnDemand is the world's leading provider of e-learning for information security professionals. With OnDemand you can access more than 40 SANS courses whenever and wherever you want from your PC/laptop (Windows, Mac, and UNIX) or iPad. You can read more at: http://www.sans.org/ondemand/
What is SANS Self Study?
For the motivated student who enjoys working independently we offer the SANS SelfStudy program. Students receive SANS course books (and CDs when applicable) and online access to MP3 files of SANS' world-class instructors teaching the material. You can read more at: http://www.sans.org/selfstudy/
What is SANS vLive!?
SANS vLive allows you to attend SANS courses from the convenience of your home or office. Simply log in at the scheduled times and join your instructor and classmates in an interactive virtual classroom. You can read more at: http://www.sans.org/vlive
What is the Mentor Program?
Mentor classes offer live training over the course of several weeks so there is no need to travel outside your local area. You can read more at: http://www.sans.org/mentor/about or contact email@example.com.
What is the difference between Live Conferences and Community SANS?
SANS offers both National and Regional Conferences which may feature additional evening talks, Vendor expo and lunch activities and the networking opportunity with many other attendees.
Community SANS takes the exact same content you would get at conferences on the road to your local community. The size of the class is smaller (approximately 20 people). With this live, local training you may have little to no travel time or costs, offering you more value for your training budget.
Community SANS events offer their own advantages (smaller class vs. more people, lower travel/hotel cost vs. additional activities) and of course schedule or travel can sometimes be the determining factor. These community events feature fully trained SANS instructors who are real world practitioners. The events are held in various locations around the world and offer you the opportunity to network with professionals from your own local community.
What is the @Work Program?
These are Mentor lead classes at your workplace. Classes usually can be scheduled to work around your organization's needs as they can meet over multiple sessions, days, evenings and even weekends! Visit: http://www.sans.org/mentor/at-work for more information or contact email@example.com.
Are there any prerequisites for the courses?
There are no official prerequisites. However, students should be aware of the technical level of the course they wish to take. Information Security Officer training is intended as an introductory level track for those just getting started in security. SANS Security Essentials is a basic level course, targeted at students who have at least some familiarity with security concepts, networking, and operating system administration.
What is the SANS Partnership Series?
The SANS Institute is the leading provider of information security training and the trusted source for information security certification and research. Part of the SANS mission is to ensure that information security practitioners in critical organizations have the skills needed to protect national security.
The SANS Partnership Series is an outreach program created to provide highly discounted training to support constituencies that have:
- A clear impact on national security
- Large numbers of information security practitioners
- Budget constraints that limit access to necessary training
Current eligible critical constituencies include:
- Educational Institutions
- State & Local Law Enforcement
- State & Local Government
- Developing Nations/International Partners to the US
The secret to this successful program is cost reduction realized by delivering the courses to large classes (125 or more).
Please visit https://www.sans.org/partnership/ page for a list of classes.
What is the Upcoming Schedule for the Partnership Series?
Please visit our https://www.sans.org/partnership/ page for a list of classes.
What is COINS?
COINS is the acronym for Community Of Interest for Network Security. It was developed as a way of supporting local professional information and cyber security groups by offering SANS instructors and SANS Content to local InfoSec Chapters all over the U.S and Canada. We support associations like: Information System Security Association (ISSA), Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) , High Tech Crimes Association (HTCIA), Infragard and others.
We provide you with one of our qualified SANS Instructors that can teach on various topics. For more information on how we can work with your organization. For more information on scheduled training events, go to http://www.sans.org/coins/.
What is Private Training?
How does SANS handle the visually impaired or deaf?
SANS Institute is committed to assisting course participants subject to disabilities. SANS will provide the following at no additional cost to the employers of participants with disabilities: an additional seat in the classroom and an additional set of course materials for Auxiliary Aides and/or the course notes in computer-readable format, as requested by the participant's employer. The employer of the participant shall be responsible for all other costs of any necessary accommodation, including arranging and paying for Auxiliary Aides. The employer may call (301) 654-7267 or email firstname.lastname@example.com to request that SANS Institute make the arrangements for Auxiliary Aides and bill the costs to the employer. It is the responsibility of the employer to confirm with SANS all such arrangements at least four weeks before the course.
Can I transfer my self study or online course materials to another student?
You cannot transfer, share or give your self study material to another person. The following is noted when you access your course material through your account.
"Important Notice: By accessing the SANS GIAC online course material, practice tests, exams, and related files, the student agrees to the following.
I understand that my license to use SANS electronic course materials is exclusively for my individual professional development. I will not transfer nor will I allow others to use the course materials or the test questions. I will not use any part of this material for teaching others nor will I incorporate it, nor allow it to be incorporated, in any other training materials or publications, electronic or print, without prior specific written consent of the SANS Institute."
Can I use the information I obtained in training for a College paper?
We appreciate your inquiry and you can cut out a paragraph or two at a time from the books but we ask that you don't duplicate full pages of the course material. Please give SANS reference where it is used.
Can you tell me how many certified students you have in specific countries?
At this point in time we are unable to give out geographical information on certified students. That may change, but for now, it's the case.
What is the difference between Silver and Gold certification?
GIAC Gold will distinguish itself from the existing exam-only 'GIAC Silver' certification by requiring candidates to complete a technical report covering an important area of security related to the certification the student is seeking. After completing the exams necessary to pass the GIAC Silver certification, students will have the option to pursue the GIAC Gold Certification. Candidates will work closely with an adviser through the process of developing their technical report. Once complete, the technical report will be reviewed for acceptance into the SANS Reading Room and the student earning GIAC Gold. All GIAC certified professionals who previously completed a practical assignment under the old GIAC requirements are already considered GIAC Gold certified.
Can I get college credit for taking SANS courses?
Are CPE credits submitted to ISC2 as Type A or B?
All credits are submitted as Type A credits.
What is a Bootcamp Session?
Bootcamp sessions are evening hands-on sessions that allow students to utilize the knowledge gained throughout the course in an instructor-led environment. Laptops are required.
Are Bootcamp sessions optional?
Bootcamp sessions are optional, but highly recommended, especially for students who are attempting certification. These hands on sessions reiterate what students learn during the day sessions.
For SEC 401 are laptops required ALL DAY or only for the Bootcamp sessions in the evenings?
Students only need laptops in the evening for the hands-on labs during bootcamp. The 9am to 5pm class is lecture only.
What is the purpose of the CISSP Bootcamp?
The CISSP Bootcamp is utilized to take the 10 domain quizzes, grade them and then discuss the right and wrong answers. The quizzes are done with pencil and paper. No laptop is required,
What is the comparison between CISSP and GIAC?
The primary difference is that the CISSP focuses on concepts, which is of course essential. GIAC covers concepts, but focuses more on the practical skills needed to apply those concepts on the job. Another difference is that you must be a security professional with a minimum of three years of experience in the field before you are even allowed to sit for the CISSP. There is no experience requirement to sit for any of the GIAC certifications. Additional information on GIAC can be found at the FAQ link, above, or the GIAC home page at http://www.giac.org/.
General Info
Where does the courseware come from?
Our courseware is created by our leading instructors and are updated on a regular basis as technology evolves. OnDemand is also proven to be one of the most effective ways for preparing for GIAC certifications ( https://www.giac.org/certifications ).
What courses are available via SANS OnDemand?
For a complete list of OnDemand courses available, please visit https://www.sans.org/ondemand/courses.php
If I have a specific question about the materials the instructor is presenting or about the hands-on materials, who can I contact? Will there be accessibility to an instructor via email or phone?
Each class has an OnDemand Subject Matter Expert who the student will have email access to during the course. To contact the OnDemand Subject Matter Expert, please send your questions in an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Does SANS have a volume discount program?
For organizations with multiple employees taking SANS training courses, the SANS Voucher Program is an easy to use, flexible training management solution. Based on the number of anticipated students and investment, you may be eligible to receive, from SANS, bonus funds. Your investment and bonus funds can be used for classroom and online training, and can also be used to purchase GIAC certifications. Visit our Voucher Program page for more details and to contact SANS.
Are SANS courses eligible for the United States GI Bill?
Can I add a GIAC Certification bundle to my training?
Can I send someone in my place if I cannot attend a conference that I registered for?
If an attendee must cancel, a substitute may attend instead. Substitution requests can be made at any time prior to the event start date. Processing fees will apply. All substitution requests must be submitted by email to email@example.com.
Can I switch classes at the conference if I find it's not for me?
We do have a policy that if you attend the first day's class and want to switch it can be done on site. It has to be done on the first day but we also allow students to scan the course material at the bookroom to see if it would be a good fit for them to attend later on in the week. The only catch is we cannot switch if a class sells out.
Does SANS send out letters of invitation?
Students should be able to attend based on the information provided from their registration. We no longer send letters of invitation.
I don't want to enter my credit card information on the registration form. Can I call in my credit card payment?
Credit card payments can be made by telephone. First complete the on-line registration form, and select
Credit Card by fax or phone as the payment method. After you receive your invoice number, call (301) 654-SANS (7267) to provide your credit card details.
My credit card was denied. Can you tell me why?
You will need to contact your credit card company to resolve the issue. We are not given any other information other than whether it is charged or denied.
My credit memo expired can I still use it towards training?
If your credit memo expires you can no longer use it towards payment of a course. Credit memos must be used by their expiration date.
We are a Tax exempt organization. How do we receive the tax exempt price?
Place your order and then email email@example.com and ask to have the tax removed. Be sure to include the store order number in the request and do it promptly after placing the order.
What do I need to do once I arrive for training at the conference?
E-mail alerts will be sent to you before the conference with registration times, registration locations, and laptop requirements (if applicable). Upon your arrival all you will need to do is check in at the SANS registration desk. To check in you will need to present a photo ID. At the registration desk you will receive your SANS badge, applicable course materials, and information you will need while you are at the conference.
What payment options are available for SANS training?
We accept credit cards (American Express, MasterCard, Visa, Discover Card and Diners Club), checks, wire transfers, and US & Canadian federal government purchase orders.
What will happen if I can't attend the entire conference?
It is not a problem with SANS if it is not a problem with the student. Students will have to pay for the entire track and will be given all the course materials for the entire track; but if the student is unable to come the last day or any of the other days, and still wants to participate in the track - that's fine.
Will SANS accept purchase orders other than US federal government purchase orders?
The SANS Institute expects payment in advance for all courses. If you are an employee of the United States federal government, you are permitted to submit a valid purchase order or federal training authorization form in advance as your prepayment.
SANS does not accept state, provincial, corporate, or university purchase orders as prepayment for training. Your tuition fee must be paid in advance by check, bank transfer, or credit card. We realize that your organization may still need to use a purchase order internally as part of the payment process. To obtain an invoice for your accounts payable department, please take the following steps:
- Register for your training online. At the end of the registration process, you will be prompted to print your own invoice. Please do this.
- Take the unpaid invoice to your accounts payable department so that they can match the purchase order with this invoice and generate payment to SANS by check, credit card, or bank transfer.
Please remember that SANS must receive your tuition payment prior to the start of your course.
How do I register?
- Go to http://www.sans.org/sans_training.php and select the training you would like to register for.
- Complete the online registration form. (SANS does not take registrations by phone.) Even if you prefer not to submit your payment information online, you should still complete the online form. Offline payment options are available once the online form is completed and you have your invoice number.
- Print your own invoice at the end of the online registration process.
- An immediate e-mail confirmation is sent to you when the registration is submitted properly. If you have not received e-mail confirmation within two business days of registering, please call the SANS Registration office at 301-654-SANS(7267). You may also contact us by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Submit payment for your SANS registration invoice. Please note that SANS requires payment in advance for all training.
How much does the training cost?
Registration fees vary depending on what type of training format you choose, what track/course you choose, location you choose, and when you register & pay. In order to find out how much the track/course fee is you can do one of two things:
- Check the "Tuition Information" section on the web page for the specific location/type of training you chose.
Does SANS offer any work-study programs?
The SANS Work Study Program provides a means for students to attend a SANS conference track at a much reduced rate in exchange for working at the conference and assisting with written technical work. Students are still responsible for any costs associated with food, lodging, and transportation. For information, see http://www.sans.org/training/volunteer.php
How can I get a copy of my invoice or receipt?
You can logon to your Account Dashboard at https://www.sans.org/account/ with your email address that you registered with.
If you do not remember your password, you can use the "Forgot Your Password? Reset Password" to reset it.
Then click onto the "Attendance History" link in the upper right hand corner.
You will be able retrieve a copy of your INVOICE/RECEIPT
Can you send me a copy of my invoice?
Yes, we can fax or email a copy of your invoice. Please send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com, and include your name and invoice number.
What is your refund policy for conference attendees?
SANS and GIAC - How they fit together
If I take the course, do I have to take the certification?
No. SANS Training and GIAC Certification are separate programs (though they are related). SANS Training is intended to provide students with the best available education in the key areas of information security. GIAC Certification is designed to provide an objective "benchmark" to show that an individual meets a minimum standard of skill and knowledge, for people who want to demonstrate this ability for themselves, or for a current or prospective employer. Students do not have to take the certification if they take the course, though they have the option to do so.
How does GIAC Certification fit with SANS Training?
GIAC certification was developed to help the industry by providing a standard that not only tested theoretical knowledge but also the ability to apply that knowledge in real life. SANS training is organized in tracks that correspond to the various subject areas of the GIAC certification program provides certification in. The training is developed independently from the certification process to ensure that those attending SANS training are well rounded in the area they have chosen to train in, and not just learning how to pass a test.
Where do I find the GIAC FAQ?
The GIAC FAQ can be found at http://www.giac.org/about/faq
SANS Account Dashboard
How do I listen to the audio files?
The audio files can be listened to with any MP3 player you choose. Information on WinAmp is available as it tends to be the most popular MP3 player. However, most default installations of the Microsoft Windows operating system include the Windows Media Player (WMP) which will work just as well. It is recommended that you only choose to "stream" the audio if you have a high bandwidth connection to the internet.
I forgot my SANS account password. What do I do?
Go to the login page at https://www.sans.org/account/login. At the bottom the login page is the "Reset Password" link located by the text "Forgot Your Password?" Click this and follow the directions.
How do I access my SANS Self Study files?
Log into your SANS Account Dashboard at https://www.sans.org/account/. Then click the Study Files link.
I purchased SANS Self Study with Certification or a GIAC Challenge certification. How do I access my Practice Exams that were included as part of my certification package?
There are two ways to access your practice exams. The first is to access the practice exams is to log into your Account Dashboard and click the "Practice Exams" link located next to the "Bookstore Orders" link on your main page. Secondly you can log into your SANS account at https://www.sans.org/account/. Then click the "Bookstore Orders" link. On this page is the following: Practice Exams Click here to access your practice exams.
I can't find my certification exams link or audio files in my account, where are they? Be sure that you are logging on with the email address that you registered with.
Where are the PDF's in my account, can you tell me how to access them?
Pdf documents are no longer available. Hard copies of the course books were provided to you at the conference or mailed to you for online training. Through your account you'll have access to mp3 recordings (when available) of your course being presented at a recent conference. You can download the mp3s. Some people like to burn these to a CD or put on their Ipod to listen on their commute or while traveling. You'll have access to the mp3s in your account for a six month period.
SANS Web Site
Can I use material from SANS web site or a SANS published work in a dissertation, research paper, or other scholarly work?
You may use SANS copyrighted material in a scholarly work as long as it is properly referenced (you must give the material a footnote or endnote citing SANS and the source). Under US Copyright Law, you do not need permission to include small amounts of copyrighted material in a learning exercise. However, your paper may not be copied for distribution outside your classroom without violating copyright law.
How do I sign up to receive updates from SANS?
SANS offers several security newsletters and other update mailings designed to keep you informed of both industry security information and SANS training and participation opportunities. To sign up for these updates go to http://www.sans.org/newsletters.
Is it OK to post information from the SANS web site on my own web site?
Information posted at the SANS web site is protected by copyright and is not to be reproduced at other web sites, except where noted otherwise. If you wish to share information from the SANS web site with students, employees or others, you may post or link the URL where the information is found.
May I include information from the SANS web site in materials that will be printed?
Information posted at the SANS web site is protected by copyright and is not to be reproduced without permission. If you working on a book and want to use small quantities of our online material that is properly credited, you may request permission by sending us the pertinent sections of the draft manuscript.
What is the Information Security Reading room?
The Information Security Reading Room is a collection of papers that explore in-depth, various areas of computer and information security. This is a community resource that is free to all.
Where can I find the SANS PGP Key?
The SANS PGP key is available from either http://www.us.pgp.net or from our local server ( http://www.sans.org/key.txt ).
Where is the best place to find new information/events?
All information and events that are new to the SANS web site are listed at http://www.sans.org. New training events are also listed on the SANS Training Matrix at http://www.sans.org and are indicated with a "New - Just Added" icon.
Why is my paper not posted in the SANS InfoSec Reading Room?
By submitting your practical to GIAC, you are giving us the right to post it on our web site. We are also giving you the opportunity to be published. All certified students can find their practicals posted under the appropriate certification listing here: http://www.giac.org/certified_professionals/. Naturally some papers are stronger or hold more community value than others. The best of the papers will also be placed in the Reading Room, although it is mostly made up of GSEC papers. It is an honor to be posted there beyond the listing of all students.
How can I contribute to SANS Community Projects?
SANS has several projects that you can get involved in, including:
- S.C.O.R.E (http://www.sans.org/score/ )
- Local Mentor Program. Candidates who have taken SANS training and received GIAC certification in their subject are eligible to act as Mentors for their community or within their organization. In designated cities where it has been determined that there is sufficient interest and we are able to locate an available qualified mentor and an acceptable venue, we may choose to form a class. Each class exists only for the duration of the applicable course and usually involves 10 meetings with the mentor and the other students to discuss the material, ask and answer questions, and help each other prepare for certification. If you are interested in becoming a Mentor, please contact Scott Weil at firstname.lastname@example.com
What is SANS' policy on press passes?
SANS requires the press to submit in a proposal beforehand about the article they wish to write along with proof of credentials. Only writers or editors will be accepted and freelance writers must provide some proof of their assignment on letterhead from the publication's editor. Publishers and salespeople will not be given press passes. Seats are limited and a $500 refundable deposit is required at registration. To receive back your deposit the actual article must be submitted to SANS and feature a direct link to our web site at www.sans.org. Books will not be given with the course but can be purchased at our bookstore. Distribution of press passes are at the discretion of SANS and can be done by contacting Brian Correia either by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com or via fax at 703-830-0520.
What vendor opportunities does SANS have for exhibits/advertising?
SANS has many opportunities for vendors to get involved, from conference expositions, to monthly webcasts, newsletters, and more! For full details on all the vendor opportunities SANS has to offer see http://www.sans.org/vendor.
Why is SANS attacking me from http://rr.sans.org/firewall/egress.php?
Snort (http://www.snort.org ) is an open-source IDS tool. One of the default Snort rules for identifying bad traffic is:
alert ip any any 127.0.0.0/8 any (msg:"BAD-TRAFFIC loopback traffic"; classtype:bad-unknown; reference:url,rr.sans.org/firewall/egress.php; sid:528; rev:4;)
The "alert ip any any 127.0.0.0/8 any" portion says to generate an alert on IP traffic to or from any 127.x.x.x address. The "msg:" attribute contains the text of the alert. The "reference:" field can contain one or more references to external sites with information about this kind of traffic.
In this case the reference includes the URL to a SANS Reading Room document which contains information about egress filtering on your network.
We have received a number of questions asking why we are attacking folks and it has almost always been the case that the person asking why SANS was attacking them was using the Kerio personal firewall. Kerio appears to use the Snort engine and default rules for their IDS capability. They also seem to be badly mangling the information in this specific signature so you think that they are reporting an attack from SANS.
The correct answer is that someone sent a probe/attack to your IP address and forged the source address to be 127.x.x.x.
If you are getting these attacks/probes at home on a cable/DSL connection, you cannot really do anything to prevent them. Your personal firewall is doing what it should to protect your individual computer. If you are getting these attacks/probes at work, then talk to you network administrators about adding ingress filters to block this traffic.
Can SANS recommend a security consultant?
Several of our instructors are consultants and you can read their bios at: http://www.sans.org/instructors.php
The instructors who are consultants listed on that page are: Chris Brenton, Eric Cole, Jason Fossen, David Hoelzer, Hal Pomeranz, Mike Poor, David Rice, Ed Skoudis, Steve Slater, and Lenny Zeltser
How can I teach for SANS?
In order to teach for SANS one must first hold an active GIAC certification with an 85% or higher in the class they are interested in leading. Interested applicants can read more and apply by visiting: http://www.sans.org/mentor/teach
Acceptable Use Policy for SANS/GIAC Mailing Lists
- PURPOSE: The mailing lists provide an open, generally un-moderated environment intended to foster communication, debate, and the advancement of thought.
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- SANS is not responsible for the accuracy or quality of the information obtained through or stored on the system.
- SANS does not assume liability for damages incurred resulting from use of this mailing list.
- In the event there is an allegation that a subscribed member violated this Acceptable Use Policy, the subscriber will be provided with notice of the alleged violation.
- The list Administrator may terminate account privileges of a member for violations of this Acceptable Use Policy.
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- Members are responsible for the use of their individual account and should take all reasonable precautions to prevent others from accessing their account. Under no conditions should a user provide their mailing list account password to another person.
- Users will immediately notify the list Administrator if they identify a possible security problem.
- Users will not repost a message received from the mailing list in another forum without permission of the originating author.
- Subscribers will be courteous and respectful of other list members. Use of obscene or inflammatory language will be grounds for removal from the mailing list.
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- Subscribers will make an effort to strip excessive email headers or other non-pertinent information prior to either posting a forwarded email, or replying to an email.
- Subscribers will not post any message that attacks the integrity, veracity or dignity, directly or indirectly, of any other subscriber-member.
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- Subscribers will refrain from posting any of the following forms of personal or restricted data or links to sites with this data:
- Personally Identifiable Information (PII)
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- Passwords providing access to restricted data or resources
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- Information specifically identified as restricted
- Information that would disclose trade secrets and/or proprietary data
- Classified or potentially-classified data
- Other information for which the degree of adverse effect that may result from unauthorized access or disclosure is material.
If you ever want to unsubscribe or change your subscription options (e.g., switch to or from digest mode, change your password, etc.), visit your subscription page.


text:
Browsing Ph.D. theses by Author "Viken, Monica"
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Viken, Monica (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The focus of this thesis is an analysis of the legal aspects and use of surveys in trademark and marketing practice litigation in Norway. I examine the legal relevance of surveys and analyse how they are considered as evidence by the courts and administrative bodies. Human behaviour can be defined within a legal context by interpreting legal sources and also by developing a survey based on the market place. In this thesis, I compare the use of survey findings as evidence of human perceptions in the context of the average consumer who represents the opinion of the relevant group. If the factual public opinion of the respective group of addressees is taken into consideration, the rules are interpreted with a basis in the market place (reality), and not within a formal legal framework (abstraction)... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8367
Files in this item: 2Monica_Viken_Abstracts_only.pdf (92.83Kb)Monica_Viken.pdf (1.886Mb)
Now showing items 1-1 of 1

subset: commoncrawl


text:
In an interview, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak said he would like to see iTunes for Android.
"If you remember, we ported iTunes to Windows. We now addressed 100% of the world's market with this integrated system (iPod/iTunes) and it began the era of Apple that we are now in. So why don't we port iTunes to Android?," he wrote in a Q-and-A discussion on Slashdot. "Did something get closed up? I love Apple products and iTunes and wish it were on my Android products too."
Wozniak said that it wouldn't take much for Apple to license iTunes to Google. "The market shares would probably remain the same, but we consumers would all win."
U.S. & World
The problem is, however, that Apple has declared Google and its Android platform Apple Public Enemy No. 1 and seems to have no intention of working with the company. This has been evidenced by the change from Google Maps to Apple Maps on the new iOS 6 -- even though Apple's map app has been deemed an inferior product that made chief executive Tim Cook have to apologize for it.
Most consumers would like Apple and Google to get along better -- allow Google Maps and YouTube on iOS 6, maybe iTunes on Google Play -- but what's best for the consumer unfortunately isn't necessarily what's best for corporate interests.


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Welcome to our coverage of WWE Unforgiven. We will be updating this page throughout the evening with results from the show, so check back often.
Unforgiven opened with a brief video package on the Championship Scramble matches, then a longer video going over the Chris Jericho-Shawn Michaels feud. Todd Grisham and Matt Striker then welcomed us to the show.
ECW Champion Mark Henry vs. The Miz vs. Chavo Guerrero vs. Fit Finlay vs. Matt Hardy.
The ECW belt was at ringside on a pedestal. Matt Hardy was the first "randomly selected" participant. The Miz was second.
Miz grabbed a hammerlock at the start, which Hardy reversed into a headlock and took Miz down with a side mare. Hardy hit a shoulderblock for a two count, then went back to the headlock. Hardy hit another shoulderblock, but Miz scored with a hiptoss for two. Miz went to a side headlock, but Hardy shoved him into a corner and hit a clothesline. Hardy went for a bulldog, which Miz shoved off, but Miz missed a clothesline in the corner. Hardy pulled Miz out of the corner and into a powerbomb for a two count. Hardy hit a clothesline for two, then Miz pulled Hardy into the middle rope by his pants. Miz jumped off Hardy's back, over the top rope, so he could yank Hardy throat first across the middle rope as he came down to the floor. Miz applied an armbar, but Hardy punched out. Matt scored a two count with a sunset flip. Hardy reversed a whip into the corner, but Miz caught Hardy with a back elbow. Miz went to climb the ropes, but Hardy grabbed him and tried for a crucifix bomb. Miz struggled out and hit the Reality Check, but Hardy rolled to the floor. Miz pulled him back into the ring and got a two count as the first five minute period ended.
Chavo Guerrero entered the match.
Matt Hardy went to the second rope for an elbow, but Miz pulled him to the mat hard. Miz charged Chavo as he got on the apron, but Chavo pulled down the top rope and Miz fell out of the ring. Chavo went right to the top rope and hit Hardy with a frog splash for the pin.
Advantage: Chavo Guerrero.
Miz got back in the ring and went at it with Chavo, hitting the through-the-ropes clothesline in a corner for a two count. Miz hit some punches, but Chavo hit a rolling capo kick, sending Miz to the floor. Chavo dove out of the ring after Miz, then Hardy rejoined the fray, elbowing Chavo off the apron. Matt put Chavo in the ring and hit an elbowdrop for a two count. Chavo came back with punches, then went to superplex Miz, who was trying to climb the top rope. Hardy went to stop Chavo, got shoved to the mat, then Miz shoved Chavo down as well. Miz dove off the top rope onto Hardy and Chavo, and covered Hardy for a two count. Matt came back with clotheslines on both men, then backdropped Chavo. Matt bulldogged Chavo and clotheslined Miz at the same time. Matt hit Chavo with the Side Effect for the pin.
Advantage: Matt Hardy.
Hardy slugged Miz and hit a back elbow, then threw Chavo over the top rope and to the floor. Matt put Miz in a chinlock. Miz elbowed out of the move and armdragged Hardy to the mat.
Mark Henry, with Tony Atlas, entered the match.
Chavo, Miz and Hardy all stopped fighting, and seemed to agree to go after Henry as he came into the ring. They triple-teamed him, backing him into a corner. Henry shoved all three of them to the mat and started delivering clotheslines to them. Henry flung Chavo with a hiptoss, then press slammed Hardy. Henry bodyblocked Miz, then powerslammed Chavo for the pin.
Advantage: Mark Henry.
Henry powerslammed Miz, then Hardy went after Henry with punches. Henry scooped up Hardy, but he escaped the slam attempt. Hardy went to the apron for a slingshot, but Henry swatted him to the floor. Henry threw Miz down to the mat, and he rolled to the outside. Chavo tried sliding under Henry, but Henry grabbed him in a bearhug. Hardy came in via the top rope, but as he jumped, Henry dropped Chavo and caught Hardy in a bearhug. Hardy tried to headbutt out, but Henry backed him into a corner, then applied a trapped arm bearhug. He threw Hardy down, then went back to a bearhug. Hardy punched out with his free arm, but Henry just tossed him down.
Fit Finlay, with Hornswoggle, entered the match. They put up a clock for the final five minutes of the match.
Finlay attacked Henry with punches and kicks, then hit a DDT for a two count. Finlay gave Henry another DDT for two. Henry punched back and put Finlay in a bearhug. Hornswoggle ran in, and Henry let go of Finlay and shoved him from the ring. The referee was distracted and Finlay hit Henry with the Shillelagh. Finlay and Hardy threw Henry out of the ring. Finlay then grabbed Hardy and hit the Celtic Cross for a three count.
Advantage: Finlay.
The Miz came off the top rope and hit Finlay, then Hardy gave Miz a Twist of Fate for a three count.
Advantage: Matt Hardy.
Chavo Guerrero came off the top rope with a splash on Miz, but Hardy broke up the cover. Henry powerslammed Miz, Chavo and Finlay, but every time he went for a cover, Hardy broke it up. Miz rolled up Hardy, but Henry kicked him in the head. Chavo jumped at Henry, but Henry powerlsammed him for two, as Hardy brokle it up. Finlay rolled up Hardy for two, then went for the Celtic Cross again, but Henry broke it up. Henry splashed Miz, but Hardy broke it up. Hardy threw Chavo out of the ring, then broke up a Henry cover on FInlay, then threw Miz out of the ring. Hardy threw Miz out of the ring. Finlay, Chavo and Henry all tried to roll people over for covers, but Hardy kept breaking them up. Miz got back in and there was a pile up attempt as the final seconds ticked off. No pinfall was scored.
Winner and new ECW Champion: Matt Hardy.
Coverage continued on next page.
If you enjoy PWInsider.com you can check out the AD-FREE PWInsider Elite section, which features exclusive audio updates, news, our critically acclaimed podcasts, interviews and more, right now for THREE DAYS free by clicking here!


text:
Pop along and feast on a selection of specialty teas, sandwiches with a variety of decadent fillings, fruit scone with clotted cream & jam as well as splendid miniature cakes - we can even make your Afternoon Tea gluten free or vegan if you'd prefer!
Expect a cracking playlist and chillaxed tea-time vibes, two-hour slots can be booked whatever time of the day you fancy swinging by.
Available Saturday & Sundays, £29 per person. You can even add bottomless prosecco for two hours for an additional £15.
T's and C's apply.
Please ensure you select the correct date and time slot from the drop down menus below.


text:
I'm taking my son on a surprise, 1-night trip to Orlando. He's been to Walt Disney World once and LOVED it. I noticed that during this time they'll have the Very Merry Christmas Party going on at the Magic Kingdom, and thought it might be a good thing for us to go to. We're arriving November 15th, a Thursday, and I was planning on going to the MK that night. Does anyone know what sort of crowd levels we could expect? I'm hoping that since it's early in the holiday season (November) and a weeknight (Thursday) the crowds won't be too terrible. But, I've also read stories on the web about huge crowd levels.
Does anyone have any first-hand experience they can share? Since we're only going down for 1 night I want to make sure we can make the most of our time.


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Oakland, city (1990 pop. 372,242), seat of Alameda co., W Calif., on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay; inc. 1852. Together with San Francisco and San Jose, the city comprises the fourth largest metropolitan area in the United States. A containerized shipping port and a major rail terminus, Oakland has shipyards, chemical plants, glassworks, food-processing establishments, an iron foundry, and high-technology companies. Manufactures include foods, cleaners, electronic goods, and canvas and metal products. The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge was opened in 1936 and connects Oakland with other nearby cities. Oakland is the headquarters and hub of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART; opened 1972), a three-county rapid transit system that connects to San Francisco and other area communities. It also has an international airport.
On Oct. 17, 1989, an earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay area, resulting in severe damage to Oakland. The earthquake's toll took 62 lives and injured thousands. In 1991, a wind-driven fire devastated the city's northeastern section. Besides the reconstruction following these two disasters, there was considerable redevelopment of Oakland's waterfront area in the late 20th century.
Of interest are the Oakland Museum, Chabot Space and Science Center, the Morcom Rose Garden, Jack London Square, and the Cathedral of Christ the Light. The city has a symphony orchestra, notable parks, a state arboretum, a children's amusement park, and a zoo. It is the seat of Mills College, Holy Names Univ., and California College of the Arts. Most of Oakland's many military facilities closed in the 1990s, but the Coast Guard still maintains a presence there. The city is home to the Athletics (American League baseball), the Raiders (National Football League), and the Golden State Warriors (National Basketball Association). Jack London lived in Oakland.


text: It was an evening meant to honor Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, but Tareq and Michaele Salahi stole the spotlight when they finessed their way into President Barack Obama's first state dinner. Crashing the party wasn't the worst of it: the couple, who will forever be known as the White House gate-crashers, were filming the event for The Real Housewives of D.C., an installment in Bravo's reality-show franchise. In the episode that aired Sept. 30, 2010, the couple are seen in a limo en route to the state dinner, with Michaele dressed in a traditional Indian sari. The cameras do not follow the Salahis inside the party, but the next morning they recount their night and discuss meeting Obama and taking photos with Vice President Joe Biden and then White House chief of staff Rahm Emanuel. Though the Salahis maintain they received an invitation, the White House claims they were neither invited to nor seated for the dinner.


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Beyonce brought some female spirit to the football stage in a dance-heavy, 13-minute performance at the Super Bowl.
She sang live, too, with her background singers helping as the pop star danced around the stage.
She emerged onstage singing some of "Love on Top," transitioning to her hit "Crazy In Love" in an all-black ensemble. She ripped off part of her shirt and skirt as she danced hard with background dancers doing the same.
Her Destiny's Child band mates joined her for their hits "Bootylicious" and "Independent Woman," but Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams were barely heard. They also jumped in for some of "Single Ladies (Put a Ring On It)," where Beyonce's voice got better.
She sounded best on "Halo," which she belted on bended knee.


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Feb 2nd, 2016 – Pregnant Woman Stabbed To Death By Neighbour Over N1000 Loan In Benin City Edo State
All hell broke loose in Benin city Edo state over the weekend after a neigbhour attacked a 6month-old pregnant woman who went to demand for the money she loaned her.
The victim identified as Mrs Ikhuoria was stabbed to death on Saturday by one Mama Emmanuel who refused to pay back the N1000 she borrowed.
Watch a video report of the horrific story by ITV below
Hear what the landlady of the house where the attack happened said
"I was working at the back of the house when I heard noise. I rushed the victim to a private hospital when I saw the way she was bleeding. Doctor said it was an internal bleeding and I should take her away so I called the husband to come."
The victim's husband Ediale Ikhuoria, said,
"My wife borrowed the attacker N1,000 and when she demanded for the money, Mama Emmanuel stabbed her. She killed my wife. My wife was six months pregnant. She died on Monday morning."


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2012: Market Interventions
2009: Year of Activism
2008: Enquiry Year
A limited edition of 100 Meat Licence documents are now available to any individual who can legally prove that they have personally engaged in acts of killing. In order to obtain your Meat Licence you will need to carefully read and complete a pro-forma affidavit (sworn statement of fact) which can be downloaded from here: Download Affidavit
Meat Licence documents are available in one (or all) of the following categories: fish, bird, mammal. In order to receive your Licence you must complete and return sworn affidavits for each of the kills that you wish to authenticate. The licence you receive will reflect the categories of killing in which you have engaged. It is possible to add extra categories to your licence at a later date.
Licence Requirements:
Completed affidavits can be submitted (as scans or photographs) to the address below. Please include a postal address to which your licence will be sent if all the information is correct.
licence (at) meatlicence.org.uk
For illustration only, below is a completed version too as an example. In Sascha's case he also provided photographs as supporting evidence: this is not an essential legal requirement, but any additional documentation will be helpful.


text:
| 6.8°C Belfast
Labour could merge police forces and axe police and crime commissioners as part of a drive to save money on public services if it wins power, according to a senior party Treasury spokesman.
Chris Leslie will use his first major speech as shadow chief secretary to the Treasury to say that a L abour government would reform and reconstitute public services to release "cashable savings" to the Exchequer.
Mr Leslie is expected to attack "botched" reforms under the coalition, which he claims have cost the taxpayer billions of pounds without delivering improvements to public services.
Following shadow chancellor Ed Balls's pledge last month that a Labour government would achieve a current budget surplus by the end of the next parliament, Mr Leslie will say that the centre-left must embrace the goal of balancing the books because "the foundation of successful public service provision is the sound stewardship of public finances".
The party's ongoing "zero-based review" of all items of government expenditure aims not only to improve outcomes for service users but also to deliver efficiencies and save money by "decluttering" the way services are delivered, Mr Leslie is expected to say.
"Long-term and sustainable budget savings can only be made if we think and reform public services while delivering standards that people need and expect," he will tell the Social Market Foundation think-tank in London. "We are looking not only at where efficiencies are achievable, but how services could be reconstituted to release the cashable savings that are now required."
Labour is currently consulting on proposals from the independent Stevens Commission, which last year recommended mergers to reduce the 43 police forces in England and Wales as well as the abolition of directly-elected PCCs, introduced by the coalition Government in 2012 to replace police authorities in 41 areas.
A previous attempt to merge police forces under Labour's former home secretary Charles Clarke was abandoned after sparking widespread controversy.
As well as locally-negotiated force mergers, other cash-saving ideas being considered by Labour include creating "leaner and more efficient" commissioning processes for health and social care, relocating magistrates and county courts into single buildings, encouraging emergency services to share premises and telling local councils to share senior staff and services, Mr Leslie is expected to say.
He will contrast Labour's plans with the coalition Government's reforms - including the reorganisation of the NHS and the introduction of universal credit, free schools and the Work Programme - which he will say have ended up wasting money.
"Reform is worse than pointless if it does not improve the experience of the user and ends up costing money rather than saving money", Mr Leslie is expected to say.
A Conservative spokesman said: "'This is just the same old Labour: they did two 'zero-based spending reviews' in government but still took us into the financial crisis with the biggest structural deficit in the developed world.
"The most important thing now is to stick to our long-term economic plan. We can see that plan is working - the economy is growing, the deficit is down, jobs are being created.
"Sticking to this plan is the only way to deliver more economic security for families and a better future for Britain."


text:
David Rogers necesitaba un nuevo diseño de papelería y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 315 diseños de 23 diseñadores freelance.
Sharp Dome
We need business cards and stationary for a new internet marketing company called Sharp Dome. The company provides a range of internet marketing consulting services. Our specialty is helping clients bring new visitors to their business by using the many technologies of the internet, and then helping them convert more of their visitors into customers.
The materials need to convey an image that is professional, knowledgeable, experienced, and trustworthy. They should also give a feeling of being modern, state of the art, and using the latest methods and technologies. They should be clean, uncluttered, and simple in appearance, without being formal or stuffy.
Items Required:
US Standard Envelope
US Standard Letterhead
Two-sided Business Card
Additional Items Requested:
PowerPoint Title Slide
PowerPoint Content Slide
And anything else you would like to present!
Note: The dimensions of a PowerPoint slide are 10 inches by 7.5 inches.
IMPORTANT: You do NOT have to provide the additional items to win the competition. For a talented designer with the ability to create them, though, it would be wonderful to have them.
Target Audience:
Customers are small and medium sized business owners and/or the people/team responsible for their web site development or general marketing activities. The customers are principally located in the San Francisco Bay Area of California in the United States.
Design Style:
We need professional looking marketing materials that appeal to the customers groups identified above. We want business owners to feel confident that we will provide them with excellent service and exceptional results.
Color Palette:
The colors in your design should use the colors of the existing logo files that have been attached below.
Contest Notes:
We will give feedback to all entries with 4 and 5 star ratings. We are not interested in entries that we rate with 3 stars or less.
Technical Specifications:
The font used for "Sharp Dome" is Trajan Pro (bold). The font used for "internet marketing solutions" is BankGothic Md BT.
Materials will be printed professionally in the United States, so please use standard US dimensions for letter-size pages, envelopes and business cards.
Contact information is as follows:
David Rogers
6018 Shelter Bay Avenue
Mill Valley, CA 94941
(415) 389-0077
We need to receive your designs in the following formats:
(1) Adobe Illustrator print file format (.ai using CMYK), both full color and black and white
(2) web file format (.jpg), both full color and black and white
(3) layered Adobe Photoshop format (.psd using RGB), both full color and black and white
If you have any questions or feedback for us please leave a comment in the discussion thread. We will be checking the site on a regular basis while the contest is happening.
Good luck on the contest. We look forward to seeing your work!
Future Opportunities:
Even if you don't win this contest we are still interested in quality designers for future projects. We will exchange contact information with 4 and 5 star entrants for the potential to work on future projects.


text:
- Emerging Markets Daily
Poland Sold Off With Russia; Five Reasons Poland Will Shine
- Order Reprints
- Print Article
Close to Russia and Ukraine, Poland was a collateral damage from the Crimea flare-up. The iShares MSCI Poland Capped ETF (EPOL) has slumped 5.9% this month, only slightly better than Market Vectors Russia ETF's (RSX) 7.2% loss.
But Poland is no Russia, which is now expected to register zero growth this year. London-based Capital Economics expects Poland to grow at around 3.5% this year and next.
The London-based research firm gave out five reasons. First, Eurozone's economic recovery will boost Poland's export-led industrial sector. Exports are about 40% of GDP there, and Germany - the strongest economy in the Eurozone - is Poland's largest trading partner, accounting for one quarter of its total exports. Here is analyst William Jackson:
Our view that German GDP growth will accelerate to 1.5% this year and 2.0% in 2015 is, on past form at least, consistent with Polish industrial production growth picking up to 8% y/y or so from 5% y/y at present. This alone could boost overall GDP growth by almost 1%-pt.
Second, investment should bounce back:
Investment has fallen for most of the past two years which was, in large part, due to the escalation of the euro-crisis in 2011. But the prospects for investment seem to have brightened markedly.
Third, labor market should improve too:
The Polish Statistics Office's survey on firm's employment expectations is consistent with private sector employment rising by as much as 2% y/y over the coming months.
Fourth, inflation remains low:
We think – and the National Bank now seems to agree with us – that inflation will remain below the Bank's 2.5% target both this year and next.
Fifth, households are feeling rich:
Polish households fuelled a consumer boom in 2009-11 by saving less and less of their income. But this caused savings to fall to a record low of just 2% of disposable income by the middle of 2012. As we warned would happen, households subsequently rebuilt their savings, but to do this they held back consumption.


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U.S. Women's Update for Feb. 21
Bill Kauffman
Manager, Media Relations and Publications
Phone: 719-228-6800
E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (Feb. 21, 2011) – The current U.S. Women's National Team Weekly update released on Feb. 21 includes briefs on U.S. players competing overseas and other team news.
U.S. WOMEN'S TEAM OPEN TRYOUTS: USA Volleyball has a record 208 athletes signed up to participate in open tryouts for the U.S. Women's National Team, U.S. Women's National A2 Program and U.S. Women's Junior National Team. The tryouts will take place Feb. 25-27, 2011, in Sports Center II at the U.S. Olympic Training Center (USOTC) in Colorado Springs, Colo. The U.S. Women's National Team coaching staff – including head coach Hugh McCutcheon (Christchurch, New Zealand) and assistant coaches Karch Kiraly (San Clemente, Calif.) and Paula Weishoff (Irvine, Calif.) – will take part in the evaluation oversight process. Among the 208 tryout participants representing 81 different colleges are 57 outside hitters, 52 middle blockers, 46 liberos, 27 setters and 26 opposites. A total of 65 athletes are also eligible to be evaluated as U.S. Women's Junior National Team prospects. The 2010 U.S. Women's National Team Open Tryouts attracted a then-record 174 participants. For the complete press release, click here.
U.S. WOMEN'S TRAINING GROUP SCHEDULES TWO EXHIBITIONS: The U.S. Women's National Volleyball Training Team will participate in two friendly exhibition matches versus Japan's Girls' Youth National Team on March 1 and March 2 in the Southern California area. The March 1 exhibition will take place at 7 p.m. at St. Margaret's Episcopal High School in San Juan Capistrano, Calif. The March 2 exhibition is scheduled for 7 p.m. at Concordia University in Irvine, Calif. Admission to either event will be $5 per person with all tickets purchased at the door. In addition, the Japan Girls' Youth National Team is scheduled to train several times in Anaheim, Calif., at the American Sports Centers, the training headquarters for both the U.S. Men's and Women's National Teams. The U.S. training squad is in the middle of its Winter Training block that started on Jan. 17 and will last through mid-April. Tentatively, 14 of the 16 players on the training roster will compete in the two scrimmages. For the full press release, click here.
BOWN WITH TURKEY'S ECZACIBASI: Heather Bown (Yorba Linda, Calif.), a three-time Olympic Games middle blocker for the U.S. Women's National Team, is competing in Turkey for Eczacibasi during the 2010-11 professional club season. In the Turkish League, Eczacibasi topped Iller Bankasi SK 25-18, 25-16, 19-25, 25-23 on Feb. 18. Bown notched 11 kills on 15 attacks, along with two blocks and two aces for 15 points. In CEV Champions League action, Eczacibasi has advanced to the Playoff 6 Round after sweeping through France's RC Cannes. Eczacibasi will face VakifGunes Telekom in an all-Turkey home-and-home series set for Feb. 23 and March 3.
KIM GLASS WITH RABITA BAKU IN AZERBAIJAN: Kim Glass (Lancaster, Pa.), a 2008 Olympic Games silver medalist with the U.S. Women's National Team, is competing for Rabita Baku of the Azerbaijan professional league in 2010-11. In the Azerbaijan Super League, Rabita topped Lokomotiv 25-14, 13-25, 25-17, 27-25 in Round VIII. Rabita continued its winning ways on Feb. 17 with a 25-18, 25-18, 24-14 victory over Baki in Round IX. Rabita is now 7-2 in the league. In CEV Champions League action, Rabita Baku advanced to the Playoff 6 Round after winning the Golden Set over VK Mondranska Prostejov in the Playoff 12 Round. Rabita will meet Poland's Bank BPS Fakro Muszyna in the Playoff 6 Round home-and-home scheduled for Feb. 24 and March 3.
TAMAS WITH AZERRAIL BAKU: Jennifer Tamas (Milpitas, Calif.), a 2008 Olympic Games silver medalist playing middle blocker for Team USA, is playing for Azerrail Baku of the Azerbaijan Super during the 2010-11 professional club season. Azerrail continues to be in second place in the Azerbaijan Super League following a 25-21, 25-11, 25-12 victory over Shirvan on Feb. 15 in Round VIII action, and a 25-13, 25-12, 25-22 win over Lokomotiv on Feb. 17. Azerrail holds a 7-2 record in the league and tied with Igtisadchi. In CEV GM Capital Challenge Cup action, Azerrail will face the Playoff 8 winner LP Salo of Finland in the Playoff 4 Round with home-and-home matches held on Feb. 23 and March 2.
IGTISADCHI LOADED WITH AMERICANS IN AZERBAIJAN: Two-time Olympian and 2008 Olympic silver medalist Tayyiba Haneef-Park (Laguna Hills, Calif.) is playing for Igtisadchi of the Azerbaijan Super League. Igtisadchi swept Baki 25-19, 25-14, 25-20 on Feb. 15 in Round VIII. Igtisadchi won its second straight match of the week on Feb. 17 in Round IX with a 25-20, 25-17, 25-6 victory over Shirvan. Igtisadchi is 7-2 in the leage and tied for second place. In CEV GM Capital Challenge Cup action, Igtisadchi will face Playoff 8 winner Kralovo Polo Brno of Czech Republic in a home-and-home series in the Playoff 4 Round held on Feb. 23 and March 2.
DAVIS, METCALF, RICHARDS HEADLINE LOKOMOTIV BAKU IN AZERBAIJAN: U.S. Olympians Nicole Davis (Stockton, Calif.) and Nancy Metcalf (Hull, Iowa), along with 2008 U.S. Olympic Team alternate Kristin Richards (Orem, Utah), are playing for Lokomotiv Baku of the Azerbaijan Super League. On Feb. 15, Lokomotiv lost to league-leader Rabita Baku 25-14, 13-25, 25-17, 27-25. Lokomotiv lost again to second-place Azerrail on Feb. 17 in a 25-13, 25-12, 25-22 match in Round IX. In the CEV GM Capital Challenge Cup, Lokomotiv has advanced to the Playoff 4 Round to face the Playoff 8 winner Schweriner SC of Germany in a home-and-home series held on Feb. 22 and March 1.
MORRISON, SIX AMERICANS ON ONE AUSTRIAN TEAM: U.S. Women's National Team Assistant Coach Jamie Morrison (Dana Point, Calif.) is serving as head coach of the Austrian Post Schwechat team during the 2010-11 season. The team has six American players including Jill Collymore (Seattle), Alexis Crimes (Rancho Cucamonga, Calif.), Jessica Jones (Naperville, Ill.), Tamari Miyashiro (Kaneohe, Hawaii), Angie Pressey (Lake Mary, Fla.) and Courtney Thompson (Kent, Wash.). Post Schwechat competes in the Middle European Volleyball Zonal Association (teams from Czech Republic, Austria, Slovakia, Slovenia and Croatia). In CEV Cup action, Post Schwechat will face Serbia's Crvena Zvezda Beograd in the Challenge Round with home-and-home matches taking place between on Feb. 23 and March 3 after advancing out of the Playoff 4 Round. Post Schwechat improved to 15-2 in the MEVZA following a 25-10, 25-17, 25-15 victory over Croatia's Zok Split 1700 on Feb. 17. Pressey turned in 10 kills on 18 errorless swings to go with a block for 11 points. Jones added 10 points with four kills, three blocks and three aces. Thompson set Post Schwechat to a 47 kill percent while adding three aces. Miyashiro handled 15 service receptions with a 47 positive percent. Crimes added three aces, a kill and a block for five points.
SYKORA, ALISHA GLASS SETTING TABLES FOR VOLEI FUTURO IN BRAZIL: Three-time U.S. Olympian Stacy Sykora (Burleson, Texas) and U.S. Women's National Team setter Alisha Glass (Leland, Mich.) are competing for Volei Futuro in the Brazilian Superliga during the 2010-11 professional club season. Volei Futuro improved to 5-0 in the second half of the league with a 25-20, 25-18, 25-14 victory over Brusque on Feb. 17. Volei Futuro continued its winning ways with a 25-17, 25-21, 25-12 victory over Pauta/Sao Jose on Feb. 19. Sykora was the libero in both victories, while Glass continues to miss action due to an injury. Volei Futuro is a combined 13-3 on the season and in third place.
FAWCETT IN BRAZIL WITH USIMINAS MINAS: Nicole Fawcett (Zanesfield, Ohio), a U.S. Women's National Team opposite, is playing the 2010-11 professional club season in Brazil with Usiminas Minas. Usiminas fell to league-leader Unilever 25-14, 25-18, 25-21 on Feb. 17 as Fawcett tallied 13 points on 11 kills, one block and one ace. Usiminas rebounded with a 28-26, 27-25, 25-23 hard-fought three-set win over Macae Sports on Feb. 19. Fawcett pocketed a match-high 25 points with 21 kills on 43 attacks and four blocks. Fawcett currently ranks fifth among all scorers in the Brazilian Superliga with 264 points (217 kills, 33 blocks, 14 aces).
SCOTT-ARRUDA IN BRAZIL WITH SAO BERNARDO: Four-time U.S. Olympian Danielle Scott-Arruda (Baton Rouge, La.) is back on the volleyball court after giving birth last spring and is playing for BMG Sao Bernardo in the Brazilian Superliga. Scott scored seven points in a 19-25, 25-21, 25-19, 25-17 loss to fourth-place Pinheiros/Mackenzie on Feb. 15. Two days late, Sao Bernardo dropped a 21-25, 25-22, 25-15, 25-19 match to second-place Sollys/Osasco on Feb. 19. Scott-Arruda was credited with 10 kills on 22 attacks and a block for 11 points.
TOM WITH GUANGDONG HENGDA IN CHINA UNDER FORMER U.S. HEAD COACH: Three-time U.S. Olympian Logan Tom (Salt Lake City, Utah) is playing for Guangdong Hengda (also known as Evergrande) in the Chinese club league's top division. Evergrande, led by 2008 U.S. Olympic Games head coach "Jenny" Lang Ping, is on a three-match win streak with victories over Jiangsu East China on Feb. 15 and Zhejiang New Century on Feb. 20. Tom scored eight kills and a block in a 25-18, 25-13, 17-25, 25-16 win over Jiangsu East, then charted 16 points with 11 kills, four blocks and an ace in a 23-25, 25-22, 25-18, 25-20 victory over Zhejiang. The squad, 11-2 and in second place, takes on Brilliance China Automotive Liaoning on Feb. 26 in its next match.
BERG, HODGE WITH VILLA CORTESE IN ITALY: U.S. Women's National Team setter Lindsey Berg (Honolulu) and Megan Hodge (Durham, N.C.) are competing for MC-Carnaghi Villa Cortese in the Italian Serie A league during the 2010-11 professional club season. In Italian Serie A action, Villa Cortese (8-4) held off seventh-place Chateaux d'Ax Urbino Volley (8-4, 21 points) 25-19, 13-25, 26-24, 26-24 on Feb. 20. Berg set her team to a 43 kill percent, despite a 28 kill percent in the losing second set. Hodge, continuing her play at the opposite position, connected for 16 kills on 36 attacks for all her points. Villa Cortese opens the Italian Serie A second half on Feb. 20 against Chateaux d'Ax Urbino Volley. Villa Cortese, now tied for fourth place in the Italian Serie A standings, challenges eighth-place Rebecchi Nordmeccanica Piancenza (6-6, 15 points) on Feb. 27 in its next match.
PAOLINI WITH NOVARA IN ITALY: Lauren Paolini (Ann Arbor, Mich.), a middle blocker on the U.S. Women's National Team, is competing this professional season in Italy with Asystel Volley Novara of the Italian Serie A Division. On Feb. 20, Novara defeated eighth-place Rebecchi Nordmeccanica Piacenza (6-6, 15 points) 25-20, 25-16, 25-20 open the second half of the season and to improve to 7-5 overall on the season. Paolini totaled five points with four kills on seven attacks along with a block. Novara, now in third place in the Italian Serie A with 23 points, plays seventh-place Chateau d'Ax Urbino Volley (8-4, 21 points) on Feb. 27 in its next match.
HOOKER WITH ITALY'S PESARO: Destinee Hooker (San Antonio, Texas), who played her first season with the U.S. Women's National Team in 2010, is currently competing for Scavolini Pesaro of the Italian Serie A League. In the Italian Serie A league, Pesaro opened the second half of the season with a 25-20, 25-19, 25-20 victory over last-place Riso Scotti Pavia (1-11, 4 points) on Feb. 20 as Hooker missed her second consecutive Serie A match. Pesaro, now 8-4 overall and in first place with 27 total points, challenges fourth-place Yamamay Busto Arsizio (7-5, 22 points) on Feb. 27 in its next league match. In CEV Champions League action, Pesaro has advanced to the Playoff 6 Round and will challenge Switzerland's Volero Zurich in a home-and-home series set for Feb. 23 and March 3.
LARSON WITH KAZAN IN RUSSIA: U.S. Women's National Team outside hitter Jordan Larson (Hooper, Neb.) is playing for Dinamo Kazan of the Russia Super League during the 2010-2011 pro club season. She helped Kazan to two victories last week, including a 25-16, 25-14, 25-14 win over Torch and a 25-20, 23-25, 25-12, 25-11 win over Dinamo-Yantar. Larson picked up eight kills on 14 swings to go with four blocks and an ace for 12 points in the win over Torch. She added 21 service receptions with a 62 positive percent. Kazan, now 13-1 on the season and in second place in the Russia Super League, resumes action on Feb. 16 against Torch and on Feb. 20 against Dinamo-Yantar.
BARBOZA IN RUSSIA WITH KRASNODAR: Cynthia Barboza (Long Beach, Calif.), an outside hitter for the U.S. Women's National Team, is competing for Dinamo Krasnodar of the Russia Super League in the 2010-11 professional club season. Krasnador topped Proton 25-18, 25-22, 25-18 on Feb. 16, but lost a 25-17, 25-21, 25-14 match to Odintsovo on Feb. 20 to fall to 11-3 on the season and remain in third place in the league standings. Barboza, who has been in the starting lineup much of the season, was absent from the active roster for the third and fourth consecutive match. Krasnador resumes Super League action on Feb. 27 against league-leader Dinamo Moscow. In CEV Cup action on Feb. 10, Krasnador advances to the Challenge Round to face Italy's Norda Foppapedretti Bergamo in a home-and-home series played on Feb. 23 and March 3.
SPICER WITH POLAND'S GCB CENTROSTAL BYDGOSZCZ: Nellie Spicer (Barrington, Ill.), a setter for the U.S. Women's National Team, is competing in the Polish professional league this winter for GCB Centrostal Bydgoszrcz. Spicer's side started strong against Impel Gwardia Wroclaw on Feb. 18, but lost a heart-breaking five-set match 23-25, 24-26, 25-21, 25-19, 15-10. Spicer set her club to 48 kills on 173 attacks. GCB Centrostal Bydgoszrcz will challenge KPSK Stal Mielec on Feb. 27 in the 13th round of the Polish league.
AKINRADEWO WITH TOYOTA IN JAPAN: Foluke Akinradewo (Plantation, Fla.), a middle blocker with the U.S. Women's National Team, is currently playing for Toyota Autobody in Japan's V-League for the 2010-11 professional season. Toyota dropped to 9-13 on the season after losing both its matches this past weekend. Akinradewo collected 12 kills on 24 attacks with four blocks for 16 points in a 25-21, 25-22, 25-16 loss to Hisamitsu Springs on Feb. 19. Toyota won the first set 25-23 versus JT on Feb. 20, but dropped the next three sets 27-25, 25-16, 25-16 as Akinradewo was credited with 13 kills on 31 attacks, one block and one ace for 15 points. Toyota looks to rebound from its three-match losing streak with a Feb. 26 contest versus Denso and a Feb. 27 match versus NEC. Both matches will be held at Kanagawa.
U.S. WOMEN'S TRAINING BLOCK ADDS PLAYER: The U.S. Women's National Team is holding its winter training block from Jan. 17 to mid-April at the American Sports Centers in Anaheim, Calif. The U.S. Women's National Training Team roster currently has numbers 15 players training. The training roster includes setters Carli Lloyd (Bonsall, Calif.), Jenna Hagglund (West Chester, Ohio) and Cassidy Lichtman (Poway, Calif.); middle blockers Ashley Benson (Bloomington, Ind.), Lauren Gibbemeyer (St. Paul, Minn.), Naomi Johnson (Bloomington, Minn.) and Dominique Olowolafe (Lansing, Mich.); outside hitters Becky Perry (Austin, Texas), Kari Pestolesi (Huntington Beach, Calif.), Julianne Piggott (Newport Beach, Calif.) and Kaitlin Sather (Santa Rosa, Calif.); opposite Kindra Carlson (Eaton, Colo.); and liberos Kayla Banwarth (Dubuque, Iowa), Ellie Blankenship (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) and Cami Croteau (Orange, Calif.). Pestolesi will also see training time at libero. Additional players may be added to the roster during the course of the training block.


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Scouting GABF 2015: John Frank on the Southeast region
This is the seventh installment in this year's Scouting GABF 2015 series of previews of breweries pouring at the Great American Beer Festival, which opens Thursday, Sept. 24, at the Colorado Convention Center in Denver. We've invited beer writers from across the country to weigh in on the GABF 2015 regions. We've also asked everyone to throw in a few wild cards — breweries from anywhere in the country they want to check out.
For the Southeast region, we feature an in-house expert: John Frank, a political reporter and craft beer writer at The Denver Post. (His motto: "Beer helps the politics go down.")
John joined the Post after writing a weekly craft beer column for the News & Observer in Raleigh, North Carolina. He also is a homebrewer and obsessive craft beer hunter and collector who makes scouting trips across the country for good brews. Follow him on Twitter @ByJohnFrank.
Here is his GABF guide to the region:
When you trumpet southern craft beer, the good folks in Colorado and the Pacific Northwest often roll their eyes. But the region's credibility and roster of great breweries is growing each year. (Look no further than our First Drafts beer experts, who are all putting Southeast breweries on their must-visit list — Caroline (Wicked Weed), Jessica, (Nola), Stan (J Wakefield, Bayou Teche), Ryan (Yazoo), Brian (Funky Buddha) and Eric (J Wakefield).)


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17 October 2012 at 4.43pm | 7 Comments
The Royal Opera House recently held a prize-giving ceremony to congratulate our Scenic Artist Apprentice, Louisa Mozzilli, who has successfully completed her two-year apprenticeship at the Scenic Art Workshops in Thurrock.
Louisa Mozilli with Head Scenic Artist Emma Troubridge at the Apprentice Prize Giving Celebration © ROH 2012
Louisa Mozilli, Scenic Arts Apprentice, with Head Scenic Artist Emma Troubridge at the Apprentice Prize Giving Celebration © ROH 2012
Louisa Mozzilli and her parents with Tony Hall at the Apprenticeship Prize Giving Celebration © ROH 2012
The Scenic Art team is responsible for painting, repairing and modifying scenery for both Royal Opera and Royal Ballet productions. Recently, they have been preparing the backcloth for Laurent Pelly's new production of Robert le diable, which opens on 6 December.
Louisa joined the team in 2010. Since then, she has worked on a number of productions to learn the vast array of skills that are required to become a proficient Scenic Artist. From creating the Mad Hatter's Theatre from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland to refurbishing sets for The Nutcracker; assisting Turner prize-winner Chris Ofili on the backcloths for Metamorphosis: Titian 2012 to texturing the walls of Carthage for David McVicar's production of Les Troyens, Louisa has developed and honed techniques that will make her highly employable.
"Getting the opportunity to learn on classic and modern sets has been such a privilege," explained Louisa. "I have been given the time to develop at my own pace and try out techniques on my own projects as well as contribute to the scenery which could be seen in the season's repertory. No week was ever the same which really kept my on my toes! One week, I would be refurbishing The Nutcracker, the next week I would be creating wood-grain effects for Falstaff's panelled walls. My apprenticeship has been a rare and wonderful opportunity to learn on the job - I would recommend it to anyone!"
Since finishing her apprenticeship, Louisa has gained employment with a commercial Scenic Painting Studio and will be working on sets for new West End productions. She hopes to gain further experience and one day to return to the Royal Opera House once again.
The Scenic Artist Apprenticeship is one of a number of training opportunities that the Royal Opera House offers in backstage technical and production and provides places for between eight and ten young people each year to gain both high-quality vocational training and learn on the job from some of the best in the industry. Earlier this year, Armoury Apprentice Sabrina Clarke celebrated the completion of her 18-month apprenticeship. Other apprenticeship areas include scenic carpentry, scenic metalwork, costume-making and technical theatre. Find out more about apprentice opportunities at the Royal Opera House.
The Royal Opera House's Scenic Artist Apprenticeship is generously supported by The Gordon Foundation


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The Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise KernelUnbreakable Enterprise Kernel is claimed by the company to represent a 75 percent performance gain in OLTP performance tests over a Red Hat Compatible Kernel. Announced as part of the company's Oracle OpenWorld and JavaOne conference, this new Linux kernel is optimized for Oracle software and hardware and is part of Oracle Linux, which was previously named "Oracle Enterprise Linux".
Now the only Linux kernel Oracle recommends for use with Oracle software, the latest edition of the Oracle Exadata Database Machine and the new Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud rely on the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for their performance. The company notes that its Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is optimized for large NUMA servers with improved power management and energy efficiency; fine grained CPU and memory resource control.
"This new offering is a result of Oracle Linux kernel development efforts, on top of the current mainline kernel," said Wim Coekaerts, senior vice president of Linux and virtualization engineering, Oracle. "Today's hardware innovations are fast and frequent -- making it very important that the Linux distributions evolve quickly to leverage the latest hardware. With the combination of Oracle Linux and the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, customers gain fast access to optimizations, new enhancements and bug fixes. "
The Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is derived from the stable 2.6.32 mainline Linux kernel. The company points out that Oracle Linux continues to include its existing Red Hat Compatible Kernel. Customers can choose to run the Red Hat Compatible Kernel if they prefer strict Red Hat compatibility over a system optimized to run Oracle and other enterprise software.


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WMBR Staff Positions
Updated Mar 11, 2020
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Management Board
The WMBR Management Board is appointed by the General Manager to assist in the management of the station. The current members of the WMBR Management Board are listed below:
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EU News
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Increasing co‑financing rates for EU funds - boosting European economic recovery
Yesterday the European Commission agreed to measures that should make a significant contribution to getting some of the EU's most troubled economies back on track.
Under the proposal, six countries would be asked to contribute less to projects that they currently co-finance with the European Union. The Commission makes available for Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Romania, Latvia and Hungary, supplementary EU co financing, vital for growth and competitiveness-boosting projects in each one of these countries. As a result, they will have to find less national match-funding at a time when their domestic budgets are under considerable pressure and therefore programmes that have not been executed so far for lack of national funding may be launched and inject fresh money in the economy.
The President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso stated: "These proposals are an exceptional response to exceptional circumstances. Accelerating these funds, combined with the financial assistance programmes, demonstrate the Commission's determination to boost prosperity and competitiveness in the countries mostly hit after the financial crisis – thereby contributing to a kind of 'Marshall Plan' for economic recovery. This decision will inject essential funding into national economies, while reducing the pressure for the co-financing of the projects by the national budgets. I now call on the European Parliament and the Council to urgently approve the decision, in order to get money on the ground by early next year."
The measure does not represent new or additional funding but it allows an earlier reimbursement of funds already committed under EU cohesion policy, rural development and fisheries. The EU contribution would be increased to a maximum of 95% if requested by a Member State concerned. This should be accompanied by a prioritisation of projects focusing on growth and employment, such as retraining workers, setting up business clusters or investing in transport infrastructure. In this way level of execution can be increased, absorption augmented and extra money injected into the economy faster.
It concerns Member States that have been most affected by the crisis and have received financial support under a programme from the Balance of Payments mechanism for countries not in the Euro area (Romania, Latvia and Hungary) or from the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism for countries in the Euro area (Greece, Ireland and Portugal).
The Commission will request that the Council and the European Parliament adopt the proposal in a fast-track legislative procedure by the end of 2011 to allow for the vital projects to get of the ground as soon as possible.
The top-up is an exceptional temporary measure, which ends as soon as the Member States stop receiving support under the financial assistance programmes.
To help with the absorption of the funds, the Commission is cooperating with the Member States concerned to remove bottlenecks, strengthen their administrative capacity and accelerate implementation and spending on the ground. In the specific case of Greece, the Commission has established a Task Force that will help it to implement the measures foreseen in the economic adjustment programme and take all necessary steps to ensure a quicker take-up of EU funds.
The Commission is proposing to the European Parliament and the Council to adjust the current system of EU co-financing in cohesion, fisheries and rural development policies for Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Romania, Latvia and Hungary. Each Member State would need to submit a request to benefit from this new system. An expected maximal impact expressed in Millions of Euro is visualised in the table below.
Member State
For all 6 Member States
Detail by Member State
Which funds are concerned and what are their aims?
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
The ERDF aims at strengthening economic and social cohesion in the European Union. It addresses regional imbalances and supports programmes on regional development, economic change, enhanced competitiveness and territorial cooperation throughout the Union. The Fund seeks to improve infrastructure, boost competitiveness, stimulate research and innovation and sustainable regional development. It invests in projects focussing on, for example, innovation and the knowledge economy, the environment and risk prevention, energy efficiency and the interconnectivity of transport and telecommunication.
Cohesion Fund (CF)
The Cohesion Fund focuses on transport and environment infrastructure, as well as on energy efficiency and renewable energy for those Member States with a Gross National Income (GNI) lower than 90% of the EU average. It serves to reduce their economic and social shortfall, as well as to stabilise their economy. The Fund invests in projects developing trans-European transport and energy networks, supporting energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy and strengthening public transport.
European Social Fund (ESF)
The European Social Fund supports programs dedicated to achievement of higher levels of employment and social inclusion in the EU. It helps Member States make Europe's workforce and companies better equipped to face new global challenges. The Fund helps, for example, workers to acquire new skills or businesses to undergo changes.
European Fisheries Fund (EFF)
The European Fisheries Fund provides financial assistance to promote a sustainable balance between resources and fishing capacity of the EU fleet, to promote sustainable development of inland fishing, strengthen the competitiveness of the fisheries and aquaculture sectors, enhance the protection of the environment linked to the fisheries or aquaculture activities, encourage the sustainable development and improvement of the quality of life in areas with activities in the fisheries and aquaculture sectors.
European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD)
The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development aims at strengthening the EU's rural development policy. The Fund contributes to improving (1) the competitiveness of agriculture and forestry (2) the environment and the countryside and (3) the quality of life and the management of economic activity in rural areas. The Fund complements national, regional and local actions, which contribute to Community priorities.
More information:
Financial Assistance Mechanisms
Balance of Payments (BoP) mechanism for non-Euro countries
European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM) for Eurozone countries


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Hello, and welcome to the web site of the School Board of Levy County. We are located in the beautiful, Big Bend area of North Central Florida. It is the ninth largest county, geographically, in Florida (comparable in size to the state of Rhode Island), with a sparse population of 33,408 residents. Levy County remains rural with vast, open-wooded areas, springs, and rivers, and more than 50 miles of coastline on the Gulf of Mexico.
As the Superintendent of Schools, I am committed to providing progressive leadership and effectively communicating what I see as the vision for educational services to our children, our most precious resource. To convey this vision, the philosophy of our district must be one that exhibits the following:
- Extraordinary Customer Relations - recognizing we are public servants and communicating as such with our customers - students, parents, and employees
- A School District With Accountability - stressing academic excellence and sound fiscal management
- Trust - the most fragile, yet an essential attribute to the success of the educational initiatives for the School Board of Levy County
We hope you find our web site to be useful to you as a community and for prospective residents of Levy County, and we welcome your comments and suggestions!
Robert O. Hastings
School Programs
Staff Access
|Click on the icon to access the Transparency Florida website


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