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Tomb Raider: Underworld – Journal/Inventory Guide
Xbox 360
Journal/Inventory Guide by Shadow.
Version: 1.01 | Updated: 01/11/2009
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This guide will contain the transcripts of each of the Journal entries, which are gained as you progress through the story of the game. They provide background for the myths and backstory of the game. The journal can be accessed via Lara's PDA. This guide also contains transcripts of the descriptions of the various items which end up in your inventory as you progress throughout the game. Your inventory can also be viewed via Lara's PDA. ======================================================================== II: :'######:::'#######::'##::: ##:'########::::'###:::::'######::'########: '##... ##:'##.... ##: ###:: ##:... ##..::::'## ##:::'##... ##:... ##..:: ##:::..:: ##:::: ##: ####: ##:::: ##:::::'##:. ##:: ##:::..::::: ##:::: ##::::::: ##:::: ##: ## ## ##:::: ##::::'##:::. ##: ##:::::::::: ##:::: ##::::::: ##:::: ##: ##. ####:::: ##:::: #########: ##:::::::::: ##:::: ##::: ##: ##:::: ##: ##:. ###:::: ##:::: ##.... ##: ##::: ##:::: ##:::: . ######::. #######:: ##::. ##:::: ##:::: ##:::: ##:. ######::::: ##:::: :......::::.......:::..::::..:::::..:::::..:::::..:::......::::::..::::: '####:'##::: ##:'########::'#######:: . ##:: ###:: ##: ##.....::'##.... ##: : ##:: ####: ##: ##::::::: ##:::: ##: : ##:: ## ## ##: ######::: ##:::: ##: : ##:: ##. ####: ##...:::: ##:::: ##: : ##:: ##:. ###: ##::::::: ##:::: ##: '####: ##::. ##: ##:::::::. #######:: ....::..::::..::..:::::::::.......::: ========================================================================== You may contact me at email@example.com but only for the following things. *Errors in my guide *Spelling Mistakes *Suggestions *Praise *Contributions *Constructive Criticism *Asking if you can use this FAQ on your site Things you should not email to me: *SPAM *Things that have nothing to do with this guide *Hate Mail/Flames *etc... =================================================== III: ____ ____ .__ \ \ / /___________ _____|__| ____ ____ \ Y // __ \_ __ \/ ___/ |/ _ \ / \ \ /\ ___/| | \/\___ \| ( <_> ) | \ \___/ \___ >__| /____ >__|\____/|___| / \/ \/ \/ ___ ___ .__ __ / | \|__| _______/ |_ ___________ ___.__. / ~ \ |/ ___/\ __\/ _ \_ __ < | | \ Y / |\___ \ | | ( <_> ) | \/\___ | \___|_ /|__/____ > |__| \____/|__| / ____| \/ \/ \/ ================================================== Version Number: 1.0 Date Added: 01/11/2009 What's New: Everything. Version Number: 1.01 Date Added: 06/25/2011 What's New: Small Typo fix =============================================================================== IV: ___ _ |_ | | | | | ___ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _| | | |/ _ \| | | | '__| '_ \ / _` | | /\__/ / (_) | |_| | | | | | | (_| | | \____/ \___/ \__,_|_| |_| |_|\__,_|_| =============================================================================== Entries: -Med Sea Expedition --Niflheim --Kraken --Thor --Thor's Gauntlets --Amanda Evert --Natla -Thailand Expedition --Bhogavati --Naga --Layers of History --Thor's Strength --Odin --Odin's Map Room -Croft Family Crypt --Giant Spiders --Father's Secret --Thralls --Wraith Stone --Doppelganger -Mexico Expedition --Poachers --Mayan Ball Court --Mayan Calender --Xibalba --Lords of Xibalba --Layers Revisted --Ragnarök --Mayan Thralls --Eitr --Thor's Belt -Jan Mayen Expedition --Viking Thralls --Valhalla --Valgrind --Valkyries --Yeti Thralls --Thor's Hammer -Andaman Sea Expedition -Arctic Sea Expedition --Helheim --Yggdrasil --Norns --Jörmungandr --Mother MED SEA EXPEDITION: My father died in a tragic accident while searching for Avalon, the mythical resting place of King Arthur. I never shared his belief that it had played any role in my mother's disappearance, but recent events make me suspect otherwise. Professor Eddington knew the coordinates Father intended to investigate next, but did not know how he had determined them or if he had confirmed the existence of a ruin at the location. That's up to me. NIFLHEIM: Niflheim - World of Mist. One of the nine worlds of Norse mythology, linked by Yggdrasil, the World Tree. While it seems clear that Niflheim is an underworld metaphor, original sources are contradictory as to whether it is distinct from Helheim, where those who did not die gloriously in battle go after death. KRAKEN: Kraken are monstrously large creatures in mythology. Thought to be based on sightings of giant squid, not to be confused with the sea serpents in Nordic tradition, though both were blamed for the disappearances of ships of all sizes. This beast clearly is a recent addition to this ruin and subsequently grew to large to leave again. THOR: Thor is the god of thunder in Norse mythology and is most known for his mighty weapon, Mjolnir, variously described as a battle axe, a mace, or a war hammer, though most commonly depicted as the latter. Among other powers, it could supposedly channel lightning against Thor's foes. Just as the legend of Excalibur was a myth built up around an ancient artifact of great power, the myth of Thor's hammer might be a distorted description of a real ancient weapon. THOR'S GUANTLETS: It was said that Thor could only wield Mjolnir by wearing a special pair of guantlets. The gauntlet I discovered in Niflheim could very well be the source of this myth. Most of the gauntlet itself crumbled to the touch, but the carved knot of stone and metal in its center was undamaged by age. It extended metal tendrils and conformed to the dimensions of my hand perfectly. Clearly this is the ancient source of power of the artifact and the rest of the gauntlet was added separately later. AMANDA EVERT: Amanda has never forgiven me for believing she was dead and leaving her buried in the Peruvian tomb of the last Quen of Tiwanaku. When I found out she had survived and later escaped, I wondered if I too could forgive myself. But our clash over the search for King Arthur's sword Excalibur dulled my guilt, and knowing that Amanda played a role in what happened to my mother has squashed the feeling entirely. The only reason I let her live was to someday learn more of what she knows, but if her aim is to kill me outright, I might have to change that strategy. NATLA: Natla was the Immortal Queen of Atlantis, and more recently the CEO of Natla Technologies. Somehow she lost her connection with the powerful artifacts of her reign millennia ago, and recently began devoting her knowledge and intellect towards recovering it all from ancient sites around the world. Her aim is to Initiate what she calls The Seventh Age, of what I know nothing other than that it would be a very bad turn for humanity. I buried her on a remote island, but apparently Amanda has dug her out and is keeping her prisoner as her own personal Encyclopaedia Atlantica. I hope Amanda understands that she's sitting on a time bomb, and that everything Natla tells here is filtered by her own agenda. THAILAND EXPEDITION: I don't know the extent to which my father worked with Natia, or how much truth there is in what she said, but she acts only out of self-interest, so any help or information she provides is because she wants something I want. I can therefore assume that whether my father explored this site or not, there is likely something here that will get me closer to Avalon. BHOGAVATI: Bhogavati is the capital of Patala, the seventh netherworld of Hindu tradition. It is populated by naga, which in the most notorious descriptions are large snake-people. The architectural style of this ruin ha snever been found this far southwest before and is older than any other I am familiar with, which changes tour notions of how these Hindu traditions moved throughout Asia. NAGA: Naga are the snake-people of Patala who, among other things, were keepers of amrita, an elixir that bestowed eternal life. The primeval reptiles around this ruin possibly inspired the myth of the naga, or just as likely contributed to existing Hindu tradition due to their unusual appearance. LAYERS OF HISTORY: The Hindu ruins are ancient, but the Niflheim site is far older still - old enough to have been above sea level at the tail end of the last ice age. These ruins here are stylistically identical and of comparable age. The Hindu built on top of the far older ruins below, creating this stark contrast of architectural style and weathering. THOR'S STRENGTH: Of all the gods in human mythology, Thor was among the strongest. The stories of his strength stem from the truth, however, as the power of his gauntlet stone somehow activates specially prepared objects and renders him virtually weightless. Doubtless this would have appeared as extraordinary strength to anyone unaware of the ancient artifact being employed. ODIN: Odin is the god of wisdom in Norse mythology, and father to Thor. In one account, he gained his wisdom by sacrificing his eye to the wellspring beneath Yggdrasil, the World Tree. There he foresaw Ragnarök, the final battle that would destroy the world and the gods themselves, and also that even with this knowledge he would be unable to stop it. ODIN'S MAP ROOM: On the wall is written: "My son, your treasures here and far are protected by the dead - this gauntlet's twin, Megingjord, and the mighty Mjolnir - to keep Jörmungandr subdued." Whether the historical Odin was the literal farther of Thor is not certain, but the two figures were related in some manner. Thor's hammer, belt, and gauntlets were apparently hidden throughout the world to restrain the Midgard Serpent, Jörmungandr. What this means exactly, and the nature of the Midgard Serpent are unknown. Perhaps the reference to how the artifacts are "protected by the dead" is a clue. CROFT FAMILY CRYPT: In Bhogavati, father inscribed a message that read, "Natla - I see your goal and am your puppet no longer." Whatever partnership they had dissolved because of what he found there, and it must have been of major significance because I have never known Father to desecrate a site like that. But he left me a clue that I believe tells me where he concealed the artifacts and information he recovered from Thailand. GIANT SPIDERS: These giant spiders must have come from Thailand along with everything that Father brought back from Bhogavati. FATHER'S SECRET: Father believed that the myth of the Midgard Serpent reveals that Avalon holds the answer to my mother's fate, but also a terrible weapon that Natla must never find. It is a testament to his determination that he kept such dangerous secrets intact here in the hope that I alone would find them in the event of his death. As much as I want to discover what happened to my mother in Nepal all those years ago. I may have to reconsider whether it's worth the risk of also unleashing this destructive force. THRALLS: The term "thrall" referred to a kind of slave to the Norse. The god Thor traveled in the company of two thralls, Pjálfi and Röskva, and also with him were two goats, Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjöstr, which pulled his chariot. These goats were special, in that Thor could cook and eat them each night, and restore them the next morning with a single touch as long as he had not damaged their skeletons. Father apparently was thinking of this when he named these animated tiger skeletons. By what means they are kept animate I don't know, but I think I have seen something of what Odin meant by the artifacts of Thor being protected by the dead. WRAITH STONE: Years ago when Amanda and I were excavating the tomb of the last Queen of Tiwanaku, at a dig site outside of Paraiso, Peru, we were attacked by an unknown force that manifested as a smoky energy being. Amanada found the stone that was its source and learned to use it. When she turned it against me in Bolivia, I defeated them and took the stone. It seems that Amanda's sole purpose for this attack on my home was to recover this Wraith Stone. DOPPELGANGER: My previous encounter with Natla ended on a lost island containing a myriad of ancient devices, one of which was capable of creating an automation of sorts that duplicated both my body and abilities, though it was skinless - having no need for any - and merely parroted my actions, a tactic which I used against it to destroy it. It seems that Amanda, with Natla's help, has created another doppelganger of me, this time with skin and a mind of its own. If it truly can do everything I can do and more, it will be more than my match should it ever be sent to kill me. MEXICO EXPEDITION: The location of Thor's belt in Central America was easist to pinpoint precisely on Odin's map, and I need it before I can use Thor's hammer anyway, so it's convenient to recover it first while Zip works on refining the precise location of Thor's hammer. Zip doesn't understand how I can continue the search after Alister's murder, but I am convinced this path also leads straight to those responsible. And if Thor's hammer can indeed kill even the gods, then perhaps I will finally have the power to end Natla's immortal reign permanently. POACHERS: This area is the most rural and lawless region of Mexico, remote enough that some of its farmers do not even speak Spanish, but Mayan, far enough away that heavily armed men have moved in to poach the protected black panthers here from throughout the surrounding area, unaware that the scattered ancient ruins here and only a hint of what lies beneath. MAYAN BALL COURT: The rules to the game played on these ancient ball courts are lost to history, but it's believed that it was played frequently and sometimes for high stakes, as the losing team was sacrificed to the gods. It is of particular interest to me, as it was believed that the Mayan underworld of Xibalba was underneath a ball court. MAYAN CAALENDAR: The Maya had many calendars for various purposes. The solar calendar consisted of eighteen months of twenty days each, which left five extra days to fill out the 365-day tropical year. Names of these months varied greatly over time and distance, but the five extra days were known as the unnamed days. These days were feared because it was believed that the gates to the underworld would open during this time. XIBALBA: Xibalba - Place of Fear. It's unclear whether Xilbalba was thought to be a supernatural afterlife or a city of people who worshipped death. Commonly believed to have been in Guatemala, it appears Xilbalba is father to the northwest than previously thought. If the pattern of Thor's artifacts giving rise to local underworld myths holds, then I might find things akin to the thrall tigers my father brought back from Bhogavati, Thailand. LORDS OF XIBALBA: The Lords of Xibalba reportedly enjoyed using manikins of to humiliate visitors before sending them into deadly trap rooms. These themed tests supposedly were to test the worth of the visitors, but were really intended to kill them outright for entertainment. LAYERS REVISITED: Just like I saw in Thailand, this is another example of an old culture building over a more ancient one. This architecture the Maya built upon is the same style and age as what I found in Niflheim and also beneth Bhogavati, Thailand. Perhaps the Hindu put Shiva and Kali over the ruins there to seal them up, possibly to protect themselves from the lower ruins as they were infested with tiger thralls like father brought home. RAGNARÖK: Norse myth holds that the world will end in an epic battle of Ragnarök, which will result in the death of the gods and monsters and the destruction of civilization. Figuring prominently in this eschatological myth is Jörmungandr, the Midgard Serpent, which is so large that it encircles the entire world on the bottom of the ocean. During Ragnarök, the Midgard Serpent rises up, causing floods and spewing its poison into the air. Thor will use Mjolnir to kill Jörmungandr but will also die from the Serpents venom. MAYAN THRALLS: What happened to the tigers in Thailand happened here as well, to jaguars and ancient Mayan warriors. Anything falling into that toxic, glowing liquid dies, but continues to remain animate, with only one purpose: to kill trespassers and throw them into the pool, where they will join the guardian ranks. Later civilizations probably sealed them up not only to protect themselves from the thralls below, but to stop the curious from going down and adding to the ranks of the animated dead protecting the artifacts. EITR: In Norse myth, eitr was an elixir that bestowed eternal life to the gods, but paradoxically it was a poison that came from serpents, like the Midgard Serpent. This is similar to the Hindu concept of amrita, or ambrosia to the Greeks. Only the Norse came the closest to the literal turth: that the substance was indeed a poison, and in fact only gave the appearance of eternal life in the animation of corpses. At some point there must have been a similar pool of this substance in Bhogavati, Thailand to create the tiger thralls, and it either decayed in the past or my father dispersed it somehow. THOR'S BELT: The myth held that only with the additional strength bestowed upon Thor by the enchanted belt, Megingjord, could he wield the weapon Mjolnir. Now I see that the belt - also ornately augmented by later users - is the source of power for the gauntlets. They channel the belt's power to those large special objects too large to move unless so equipped. Each of the two gauntlets I found must have contained a small amount of residual power in them that quickly drained without the belt to replenish them. I believe I have a good idea how Thor's hammer might work when I find it. JAN MAYEN EXPEDITION: Having found Thor's belt and gauntlets in parts of the world less far from civilization, I feel confident that I will find Thor's hammer here undisturbed. Perhaps this site being so remote will also mean no undead guardians lurking within to complicate my search. VIKING THRALLS: What isn't clear is whether these poor souls were Vikings who stumbled upon this place, fell victim to its eitr, and became the thralls, or whether these undead guardians are far more ancient warriors whose appearance later influenced the Nordic cultures that came after. Either way, they are capable of fighting fiercely and ceaselessly, and perhaps the origin of the stories of berserker warriors. VALHALLA: Valhalla - Hall of the Slain. The valkyries escorted the souls of warriors who died gloriously to this great hall of Odin. Each day they would slaughter each other in battle scrimmages to prepare for the final battle of Ragnarök, only to be restored and repeat the exercise again the next day. This site represents the clearest connection between the myth as we understand it and the reality of these animated corpses put here to protect the artifact the Norse came to call Mjolnir. VALGRIND: Valgrind - the Sacred Gate. Protecting Valhalla is a great gate of size and cunning such that few knew how it could be opened. Now I see that it's through both the application of understanding and the strength of Thor bestowed by his artifacts. VALKYRIES: Valkyries - meaning Choosers of the Slain - were the minor deities who chose which fallen warriors were worthy enough to be escorted to Valhalla. Often depicted as women with winged helms or as riding horses, a more literal truth comes from the fact that the Old Norse word for wolf translates as Valkyrie Horse. It is believed that valkyries and their mounts are metaphors for the ravens and wolves to descend upon the dead after a battle and choose among them. YETI THRALLS: While it's difficult to identify the corpse of a Yeti after it has lost its hair, that is clearly what these creatures once were. Whether they were capable of equipping themselves with armor in the distant past or were used as beasts of burden or a warrior class, they would have been formidable creatures that could be the giants that populate all Norse mythology. THOR'S HAMMER: Mjolnir was the supremely powerful weapon used by Thor, mainly to fight giants, and then ultimately to destroy the Midgard Serpent in the battle of Ragnarök. Only functional when one is equipped with the belt and gauntlets, these artifacts are far more ancient than the mythology that immortalized them and the men who subsequently hid them throughout the world. Norse myth focused solely on Mjolnir's destined role in killing Jörmungandr, but it conveniently overlooked the fact that Mjolnir is also the only means by which the Midgard Serpent can be released in the first place. ANDAMAN SEA EXPEDITION: Inscribed in stone around the doorway leading to Thor's hammer, Odin wrote: "Thor, greatest of my sons, and the greatest weapon on Earth, are at last reunited. Upon my return, through rituals old and the power of Mjolnir, together we will open the seals of Helheim and fulfill our destinies." I don't like the sound of old rituals, or of fulfilling destinies given how the ultimate destiny of the Norse is destruction at the battle of Ragnarök, but at least I have the power of Mjolnir and the means to extract the information I want from Natla. ARCTIC SEA EXPEDITION: The coordinates Natla gave me were in the Arctic Sea northest of Greenland. I don't know how she intends to get to Helheim, but my plan is to blow a hole in the sea ice and dive straight down. If I don't finally get the answers I've been looking for, there will be hell to pay. HELHEIM: Helheim - World of Hel, here the goddess Hel, depicted as a women on one side and a corpse on the other, presided over all souls that did not go to Valhalla after death. Judging by the ruined road and drawbridge, this site must be even more ancient than Niflheim to have been above sea level at some point. The top is heavily encased in permanent sea ice, so there may have been another ,dryer way to get inside from somewhere above had Natla given more precise coordinates, but I think I'd rather go in through the front door. YGGDRASIL: Yggdrasil - The World Tree and binding element of all nine worlds of the Norse universe. Supposedly Helheim was situated under the roots of Yggdrasil. There is another myth that a great serpent, Níðhöggr, gnaws at the roots of Yggdrasil. Possibly this is another manifestation of the Midgard Serpent, which supports the theory that this site houses something monstrously world-threatening. NORNS: The norns were female deities who governed the fate of men, and in various cultures, including Greek, were often represented as three women - young, middle-aged, and old - who represented the past, present, and future. Somewhat indistinguishable from valkyries, they also resided beneath the roots of Yggdrasil and wove the tapestry of existence leading all the way to the end of the world. JORMUNGANDER: Jörmungandr is actually a metaphor describing the mid-oceanic ridges where all the continental plates of the world meat, thus "circling the earth on the sea floor." The northernmost point of the Mid-Atlantic ridge is the oldest and weakest geologic point on Earth, and the Ancients built a powerful device poised to attack the planet's Achilles' heel, to trigger worldwide volcanic eruptions, which would "rise up and fill the air with poison." Ragnarök concludes with the world consumed by fire, caused by giants in the myth but by volcanic eruptions in reality. Why such a device would be built might be forever beyond our ability to know. MOTHER: In the end, my father was right, and so was I. The thought of Mother suddenly appearing in that cold ruin at the top of the world is tragic beyond words. Whether she then fell into the eitr or was cast in by the thralls, I hope it came quickly. I wish that both Mother and Father had better fates than those I discovered, but at least I learned the truth and can finally close this book and move on to another. =============================================================================== V: _____ _ |_ _| | | | | _ ____ _____ _ __ | |_ ___ _ __ _ _ | | | '_ \ \ / / _ \ '_ \| __/ _ \| '__| | | | _| |_| | | \ V / __/ | | | || (_) | | | |_| | |_____|_| |_|\_/ \___|_| |_|\__\___/|_| \__, | __/ | |___/ =============================================================================== =================================Backpack====================================== Health Pack: This standard first aid kit is equipped for use in mending cuts, scrapes, insect bites, gunshot wounds, and unidentified poisons. Gem (Shiva): A magnificent gem. Based on its size, it was probably meant to adorn something of immense scale. Jaguar Head: The head of a jaguar, carved in stone. The post mounted at the bottom of it's thraot indicates it's intended as part of a larger animal figure. Stone Headdress: A stone carving of a skull wearing a ceremonial headdress. Most likely it is only part of a larger statue. Rattling House Key: A token considered to be a gift from the Lords of Death, and only obtainable through trail by ordeal. Flame House Key: A token considered to be a gift from the Lords of Death, and only obtainable through trail by ordeal. Razor House Key: A token considered to be a gift from the Lords of Death, and only obtainable through trail by ordeal. Jaguar House Key: A token considered to be a gift from the Lords of Death, and only obtainable through trail by ordeal. Xibalba Key: The key to opening the gates of Xibalba from within. Helheim Power Stone: One of multiple keys needed to open the drawbridge to Helheim. =================================Gear========================================== Grapple: Firing a high-tension swing line with a tensile strength in excess of 1000 kg. This high grade stainless steel grappling hook and be fired quickly and accurately with a lightning fast auto-restrict safely. Utility Light: This utility light is a rugged, waterproof light source that offers hands-free, high-intensity illumination, and a sensor that detects levels of ambient light and automatically shuts down as necessary. Filed Camera: The weather resistant camera features a high-powered digital zoom capable of high detail, long distance view finding. Scuba: This custom SCUBA set features unusually small and sportily diving cylinders, which allow greater freedom of movement than conventional diving gear. PDA: As the latest generation of Personal Data Assistants, this device can perform various tasks necessary while 'in the wild' including a sonar mapping module designed to create low-resolution 3D maps of the surroundings, a data archive and reference retrieval library, and long-range satellite communications. Thor's Gauntlets: Thor's steel gauntlet, without which the powerful Mjolnir cannot be gripped. Thor's Belt: Thor's enchanted belt Megingjord was believed to enhance the thunder god's already prodigious might. Only with the additional strength bestowed by the belt it possible to wield the mighty Mjolnir. ==================================Weapons====================================== Pistols: The RGB Mach 5 pistol combines features tailored towards both military personnel and competitive sharpshooters. The inclusion of adjustable target sights, an active recoil reduction system, and extended capacity magazines makes for a truly sophisticated weapon. Submachine Guns: The Autsi submachine gun was originally designed as a military firearm for close combat situations. Although not as accurate as the assault-rifle or a high-powered shotgun, the high rate of fire and increased ammunition capacity makes the Autsi a formidable weapon. Shotgun: The '12 gauge GN Tactical Shotgun' features an 18-inch barrel and telescoping stock. While its front and rear sights do increase accuracy, the GNT Shotgun is most dangerous in close quarters and is less effective over long distances. Assault Rifle: The A12 Carbine Assault Rifle is a favorite among special operation units due to the shorter barrel, which increases portability without sacrificing firepower. The fully automatic A12 features a large ammo capacity to balance out its increased rate of fire and is a highly accurate weapon over long distances. Transquilizer Gun: The Sheridan MK-5 uses compressed gas to fire a 15mm tranquilizer dart at high velocity. The "Mark-5" is a bolt-action weapon where each dart must be manually loaded into the chamber. More than one dart may be required for large or overly aggressive animals, and some enemies may not be affected at all. Spear Gun: Utilized primarily for undersea fishing, the Stingray T-40 Carbon speargun uses compressed CO2 to expel metal flechettes with razor sharp tips. The Stingray is a pump-action weapon where each flechette must be chambered individually. Clearly superior both in accuracy and range underwater, its effectiveness is dramatically reduced on land. Sticky Grenade: As the spiritual successor to the "Sticky Bomb" used by British Forces in World War II, the Sticky Grenade was originally designed as an anti-tank weapon. The grenade has been modified to cling to any surface, and care should be taken when attaching one to any moving object or enemy. Thor's Hammer: Mjolnir, the great hammer of the thunder god Thor. It was said that he could draw down the lightning from the heavens and smite his enemies with its power. ================================================== VI: ****** ** ** ** **////** /**// /** ** // ****** ***** /** ** ****** ****** /** //**//* **///** ******/**///**/ **//// /** /** / /******* **///**/** /** //***** //** ** /** /**//// /** /**/** /** /////** //****** /*** //******//******/** //** ****** ////// /// ////// ////// // // ////// =================================================== -Thanks to http://www.network-science.de/ascii/ for the various ASCII art in this guide. ========================================================================= VII: # ##### # ###### #### ## # # # ##### # # ###### ###### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ##### # # # # ##### # # # ##### ##### # # # ### ###### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ####### ###### #### # # ###### ##### # #### # # ========================================================================== This guide is Copyright (c) 2009-2011 ShadowDragon777 This may be not be reproduced under any circumstances except for personal, private use. It may not be placed on any web site or otherwise distributed publicly without advance written permission. Use of this guide on any other web site or as a part of any public display is strictly prohibited, and a violation of copyright. All trademarks and copyrights contained in this document are owned by their respective trademark and copyright holders. SITES ALLOWED TO USE THIS GUIDE AT THIS TIME gamefaqs.com and affiliates neoseeker.com supercheats.com please notify me at email@example.com if you see it elsewhere =================================================== VIII: _____________ __________ _________ ___ __/__ /______ ___ ____/____________ / __ / __ __ \ _ \ __ __/ __ __ \ __ / _ / _ / / / __/ _ /___ _ / / / /_/ / /_/ /_/ /_/\___/ /_____/ /_/ /_/\__,_/ ==================================================== This is the end of the FAQ, thank you for reading it and hopefully it was interesting and helpful. Goodbye.
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Find a Golden Key to Joyville, Unlock a Magical Experience
Find a Golden Key to Joyville And Unlock a Magical Chocolate Experience
For six lucky Kiwis, the dream of making their very own chocolate bar will become a reality, thanks to Cadbury Dairy Milk Marvellous Creations.
Joyville, where Cadbury chocolate is created, has announced that six golden keys have been hidden in six blocks of Cadbury Dairy Milk Marvellous Creations chocolate. These golden keys unlock the door to the Joyville mixing room, where a magical chocolate experience awaits. The finders of the golden keys will get to mix up a Marvellous Creation of their very own at the Cadbury Chocolate Factory in Dunedin, and will be rewarded handsomely with $10,001.
Joyvillian Ada Lightheart, Joyville's official Chocolate Whistler, said that she was excited to offer Kiwis this once in a lifetime opportunity to join the Joyvillians in the magic of chocolate making.
"Using the Choc Bloc Randomiser, we've hidden six golden keys in six random blocks of Cadbury Dairy Milk Marvellous Creations across New Zealand! Imagine getting to make your very own chocolate bar with only what YOU want in it! I'm getting shivers just thinking about it!" she said.
The finders will each receive flights down to the Cadbury Chocolate Factory in Dunedin, accommodation, and a Marvellous Chocolate Experience, where they will be able to create their very own chocolate bar from a wide selection of ingredients. On top of that, each winner will receive $10,001 in cash.
Joyville is a magical, mystical place which exists beneath the surface of our own, full of chocolate lakes, fountains, and of course, the Joyville Mixing Room, where the wondrous range of Cadbury chocolate is made. All of Joyville is looking forward to sharing some of their magic with the six lucky finders of the golden keys, and bringing their dreams to life!
To find out more about the Cadbury Marvellous Creations promotion, visit www.cadbury.co.nz, or purchase any block of Marvellous Creations chocolate to be in to win!
Joy be with you, wherever you are.

subset: commoncrawl


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During the week, you know our life is no mystery: we are here working hard to make you happier and your horse healthier. But what do we do on the weekend, you ask? The mystery is finally revealed! Read about what SmartPakers did this past weekend and see if any of our adventures sound similar to yours…
"This weekend we spent Saturday night at a Polo match in Newport, RI with SmartPakers Cathlin, Lucy and Paige. We had a great time cooking out and ended the evening with SMORES and bocci ball on the polo field. We then spent Sunday on the beach where my dog Buck learned how to swim." – Katie, Finance
"It's been a very busy summer so Saturday we decided it was time to take advantage of our downtime and go on an adventure! We packed up our boat and headed out to a little island in Cotuit Bay called Sampsons. Fortunately, the day trippers were packing up their stuff for the day so we had a lot of the island to ourselves. The dogs were loving the warm weather and calm waters. We decided to take a walk around the island, gathering a bunch of shells to add to the household collection. 🙂 You can never have enough sea shells! Since the weather was so nice, we decided to stay out there, eat dinner and enjoy the music playing across the bay from a local wedding. Can't beat 80's rock music! It was the perfect touch to a great weekend." – Cara, Merchandising
"This weekend I took a quick trip down to NYC to meet up with my cousin for the Brooklyn Color Run! As you can see by the before and after's we got very colorful and had a blast!!" – Emily, Marketing
"This Saturday I woke up to a surprise of thirty bearded dragon eggs in Tru's tank. After Matt and I had concluded Friday night that Tru probably was not pregnant, she proved us wrong and laid all those eggs bright and early Saturday morning. It was a really neat experience to collect the eggs and get them ready to incubate. They'll have to be incubated for 60-80 days in a special mixture of perlite, vermiculite and water. We'll hope for some hatching around that time, so keep your fingers crossed!" – Michelle, Customer Care
"This weekend my sister was visiting from grad school, and we decided to go and visit my horse, Newt. My sister doesn't have a lot of experience with horses, but she has a great way with animals and really enjoys being around them. After I did a couple of things with Newt myself, she decided she wanted to give it a shot too! I was able to show her some of the fun things Newt can do on the ground, which I think was less intimidating for her, and she seemed to have an absolute blast! I was able to snap a couple pictures of the two of them playing and then enjoying some undemanding time at the end. :)" – Casey, Customer Care
"This weekend was awesome! Everyone keeps talking about being excited for fall to arrive. While I love fall, I'm still making the most of the awesome south shore summer weather 🙂 I was pet-sitting for fellow SmartPaker, Colby, so I got to play with Spaulding, the adorable golden retriever, all weekend! We had lots of fun walking downtown and going for a hike in the woods. On Sunday, I went down to the Valinor Farms Horse Trials to groom for (and cheer on) another fellow SmartPaker, Sara, and her horse Carpe Diem. They finished their day on a best-ever dressage score, earning third place – I was so proud!!" – Sarah, Marketing
"My wife and I spent a beautiful hot and sunny Sunday at the Feast of St. Anthony in the North End of Boston. Too much food to possibly enjoy it all!" – Jon, IT
"I went kayaking to visit the HMS Bounty while the Bounty was visiting Plymouth harbor."
– Katie G, Customer Care
"I went to the historic Marshfield Fair this weekend with my godson. He was more into the giant stuffed Scooby Doo than the farm animals, but we had fun!" – Elizabeth, Customer Care
"This weekend my dog Layla (the Chawinnie) had the best weekend ever!! Layla's best friend Hampton (the Dauchund) came up from NY to visit. They went for walks, naps on the couch and even went to eat in down city Providence." – Rachel, Store Merchandiser
"This weekend was a blast! I showed my horse at Fieldstone and he was great so it was a nice ending to our summer. SmartPak was also a sponsor of the Grand Prix and Canine Puissance. My dog Jackson LOVES this class but I couldn't compete since I was a judge! At the last minute we found a catch rider and Jackson wound up 2nd overall in the Large Dog Puissance. Here is picture of him and his new friend Stephen."
– Annie, Marketing
"This Saturday was the SmartPak Canine Puissance at Fieldstone Farm and we had a great time! I loved seeing the crowd participate and cheer on the jumpers, and the dogs loved being the center of attention! Thanks to all who made it a great evening, and a special thanks to fellow SmartPakers Annie and Bekky for running the in gate and being the jump crew! After all the excitement Saturday, we had a nice relaxing day in the warm sun at the beach on Sunday, squeezing the last bit of summer out of New England!" – Meghan, Canine Marketing
"After this weekend I officially love sailing. Riding still has a significant edge, but we spent the most wonderful weekend on our boat, Kiwi. We sailed from our home port Marion, MA to Edgartown on Martha's Vineyard. The weather was perfect and we enjoyed a gorgeous evening on the mooring in Edgartown Harbor before heading into town for dinner and late-night dancing at The Atlantic. We forgot the mooring number, but thankfully made it back to our boat safely that evening (the launch driver was very tolerant). Sunday, we caught the first ride to shore and did some shopping after enjoying a low-key (but very yummy) breakfast in town. The wind didn't cooperate on the way home, but nobody was complaining as we had plenty of cold beer, good music, and great company to go with the perfect weather. Got Kiwi tucked-in on the mooring as night fell (we cut it a little close) and headed-home. Definitely one of those weekends that ended too soon!" – Colby, Marketing
"More than a weekend, this is how I sent my summer vacation. Montana guest ranch G bar M was super!"
– Ellen, Production
"In March of this past year I became an active volunteer for my local Ronald McDonald House Charity, which works to support families of children that typically have an extended stay in the local hospital. The house provides a home away from home for the families and a support system. My husband and I had an opportunity to attend the house's largest fundraiser of the year on Saturday night, McDazzle. It was an evening full of, inspiring stories, celebration and fundraising. It was a rare opportunity to get dressed up for a night out together to support a great organization. We had a blast! (Photo credits: Topsinlex.com) The rest of our weekend was spent doing yard work and tending to our garden. I never thought of myself of a person with a green thumb, but my sunflowers, along with the rest of my garden have proven me wrong!" – Ashley, Customer Care
"Saturday I spent the day practicing for some upcoming events- my mare and I have a dressage competition next weekend and I am running a half-marathon on September 30th. Sunday morning I went to visit my semi-retired horse Riker; he's 19 and I've had him since he was 3 years old! After lots of brushing and carrots I made him stand for his obligatory pictures – as you can see he looks great for his age. Sunday afternoon I took my dog Chloe for a fun walk in the woods. She loves hiking and especially climbing up on rocks. It was a beautiful weekend of weather in New England so I'm glad I got to enjoy it with all of my animals!"
– Kerri, Marketing
"The weather was perfect this weekend! Saturday morning, we took Brewski for a boat ride and went quahogging. Later in the day, we went fishing. I caught one of the ugliest fish ever, a fluke. Sunday we made stuffed quahogs, and spent a few hours at the beach!" – Katlyn, Web Marketing
"My husband and I, along with Stella celebrated our final summer weekend on Nantucket. We went to the beach, barbequed and ate ice cream; some of my favorite summer activities!" – Renee, Merchandising
"This weekend was pretty busy! My boyfriend and I kicked our weekend off by learning how to play the card game Munchkin. We saw it in a store and were intrigued by the description that says "Don the Horny Helmet and the Boots of Butt-Kicking. Wield the Staff of Napalm or maybe the Chainsaw of Bloody Dismemberment. Start by slaughtering the Potted Plant and the Drooling Slime." How could that not be fun? After a few silly games, we're both hooked. We spent Saturday walking around the Plymouth Waterfront Festival, eating free samples of baked goods from several food trucks, getting a free chair massage from my favorite masseuse, and looking at all sorts of handmade jewelry and other crafts. We had lunch at Anna's Harborside Grille, a new restaurant in Plymouth that is absolutely amazing, and I had a cupcake from the Kickass Cupcake truck. Sunday we got up and packed an aquatic themed picnic lunch (spicy tuna salad on goldfish shaped bread with goldfish crackers) and went to Natick to go kayak on Lake Cochituate. We were out for about 2 hours, and are a little sore today since we have not kayaked all summer! To keep our joints and muscles from freezing up, we walked around the Natick Mall for a bit before stopping quickly at the SmartPak Retail Store to browse before our hour drive back home. It was a lot of fun, even if it hurts to move my arms!" – Jessica, Customer Care
"This weekend was all about the Massachusetts Hunter Jumper Finals. Saturday was a day full of cleaning, shaving, packing, scrubbing, bathing, more packing, organizing, hooking up truck/trailer…the list goes on and on. Sunday was a beautiful day for a horse show with blue skies and great temperatures. My horse Dia jumped around the open class well, and then got a little strong in our finals class. We ended up in 7th. (I know the ribbon in the picture looks blue, but it's really purple). Overall I was very happy with the day as a learning experience and can't wait for the RI Finals next weekend!" – Jessica, IT
"Summer of horse shows is still going full force for me and Diem! We competed on our home turf at Valinor Farm and nailed all three phases. We finished on our best-ever dressage score of 33.5, adding a third place ribbon to the growing collection on Diem's stall." – Sara, Creative
"This weekend I went to Wellfleet to visit my future father-in-law. We went out on his boat Saturday and after a unsuccessful fishing trip we came home to take the dogs for a run on the beach. My dogs Harley and Bella and Vinny's golden Butchy would race up and down the beach, darting in and out of the water. Butchy is a native to Wellfleet and was not afraid to charge in the water after the seals popping their head up to watch the dogs; thank goodness Harley and Bella are not that brave. There is something about the open space of a flat sandy beach that makes me and my dogs so happy. No shark sightings, thank goodness!" – Autumn, Merchandising


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Vehicles for Ketchup
Hilary Fitzgerald Campbell
Cartoonist at Cartoons by Hilary
Hilary is a Brooklyn based cartoonist and documentary filmmaker. Her cartoons have appeared in The New Yorker and other lovely places. She was the co-illustrator of Feminist Fight Club and recently released her first book "Breaking Up Is Hard To Do But You Could've Done Better." Follow her on Instagram @CartoonsbyHilary!
Latest posts by Hilary Fitzgerald Campbell (see all)
- Let's Go Fly A Kite - December 16, 2017
- Plane Plans - December 9, 2017
- Potential New Boyfriend - November 18, 2017


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Global Talent Solutions (GTS) is our recruiting portal through which recruiters can manage their Chicago Booth recruiting activities.
Through GTS recruiters can view and edit job postings for all Booth candidates - current students seeking entry-level MBA opportunities, as well as alumni and students in the executive MBA programs who are seeking more senior level positions.
In addition to posting full-time and summer internship positions, companies may post temporary projects and part-time projects. Organizations seeking to recruit Booth alumni and students to serve on governing or associate boards can post opportunities by selecting the "Corporate/Non-Profit Board" position type.
For our campus recruiters, GTS collects applications which may be viewed online and sent via email. Recruiters can submit invitation and alternate lists as well as view preliminary and final schedules online. Recruiters may also send emails to students through GTS throughout the entire recruiting process.
For step-by-step instructions on how to complete a variety of tasks in GTS, including updating your contact information and requesting interviews or recruiting events, refer to the GTS Quick Reference Guide (PDF).
First time and returning recruiters may log in with a GTS username and password: log in with GTS username/password »
The University of Chicago Booth School of Business |
University of Chicago |
Privacy Notice


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WASHINGTON — This is a story about the birds and the bees and reproduction. No, not that story. It's about plants. Most plants need to be pollinated by birds, bees, bats and other animals and insects to reproduce. And scientists say a decline in pollinators may spell trouble for crops.
Honeybees and bumblebees have been infected by the introduction of a parasite, while destruction of cave roosts has led to a decline in the bat population, according to a report released Wednesday by the National Research Council.
Other pollinator declines may also be associated with habitat loss but more research is needed to make sure, according to the council, an arm of the National Academy of Sciences.
More detailed research has been done in Europe, where declines and even extinction of pollinators have been documented.
The report pointed out that in order to bear fruit, three-quarters of all flowering plants — including most food crops and some that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel — rely on pollinators for fertilization.
Farmers often lease colonies of bees to ensure pollination.
Yet honeybees, which pollinate more than 90 commercially grown crops, are one of the most affected pollinators. Indeed, honeybees had to be imported from outside North America last year for the first time since 1922, the report said.
The report urged the Agriculture Department to increase research into pest management and bee breeding practices.
In addition, long-term studies must be done on the populations of wild bee species and some butterflies, bats and hummingbirds, it said.
The United States should collaborate with Canada and Mexico to form a network of long-term monitoring projects, the council recommended.
Landowners, meanwhile, can take simple steps to make habitats more "pollinator friendly," for instance by growing native plants, the report suggested.
The research was funded by the Department of Agriculture, U.S. Geological Survey, National Academies and the Research Council's Division on Earth and Life Studies.
The study was requested by The North American Pollinator Protection Campaign, representing agencies and organizations in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
Copyright 2006 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Spring 2020 classes have resumed online.Please visit
dcccd.edu/coronavirus for additional information and to
learn how to prepare for online classes.
This article appeared in a January 2015 issue of the student newsletter and the C2:SAFE program is no longer active.
If you're having trouble managing your money, it might be hard to stay in school. That's why DCCCD has launched a new program to help you with your finances. One bonus: The program will match up to $25 a month that income-eligible students make into a special account.
We've partnered with Consumer Credit Counseling Service (CCCS) of Greater Dallas and the
Dallas Women's Foundation to provide free, confidential, one-on-one financial counseling and free money management classes.
The new program is called C2: SAFE (College Counts: Securing Assets Through Financial Education). It is free to our students.
Male students are welcome to participate. However, the Dallas Women's Foundation is particularly interested in helping low-to-moderate-income young women.


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Investor Warren Buffett to make lengthy TV appearance Monday
OMAHA, Neb. (AP) - Investor Warren Buffett will appear on live television for three hours Monday morning to answer questions after his annual letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders was released over the weekend.
Buffett will be on CNBC from 5 a.m. to 8 a.m. Central on Monday.
Buffett's letter is always well-read in the business world because of his successful investing track record and his talent for explaining complicated business subjects in entertaining terms.
But Saturday's letter mostly focused on Berkshire's businesses.
The Berkshire Hathaway conglomerate Buffett leads as chairman and CEO owns more than 90 companies, including insurance, utility, railroad, manufacturing and retail firms. The Omaha, Nebraska-based company also holds significant stakes in Coca-Cola, Wells Fargo, American Express, IBM, Apple and other companies.


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Phillip Phillips Goes 'Home' to Platinum Success
A million congrats for 'American Idol' Season 11 winner and resident cutie Phillip Phillips. The singer's coronation song 'Home' has just gone platinum. Not too shabby for a debut single to achieve one million in sales in this day and age.
'Home' shifted 212,000 digital copies last week, which pushed it to No. 2 on the Billboard Digital Songs chart. The song had already sold 844,000 copies, so last week's sales surge was enough to push an already popular song to platinum, according to Wet Paint.
The song went gold about three weeks ago. The sales boost came from the fact that it was the team anthem of the heavily covered U.S. women's gymnastics crew during the Olympics, so Phillips and his label Interscope certainly benefited from the exposure and the association with the Olympics.
Upon release, the song made history, as well. He had one of the biggest first weeks of digital sales of any 'Idol' winner when the song was released back in May, moving 278,000 copies.
'Home' is a runaway success, which is interesting, since Phillips had said that it was not a song that he himself would have written and felt it was "too pop." Perhaps he should eat those words and ride this crest of success. There's plenty of time for him to write his own stuff — he's laying the foundation of his fanbase with 'Home.'
Watch Phillip Phillips Perform 'Home' on 'American Idol'


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Welcome to our tropical paradise! Combining 25 years of experience in the cruise and tour operating industry, Tropicana Cruises is proud to offer you the opportunity to witness unrivalled beauty in one of the world's most exotic locations - Cuba.
Our exceptional vessel and the first-class passenger service you will receive on board will guarantee that you enjoy a journey, which will delight each of your senses - you will see magnificent panoramas, hear and learn about the local history, taste the culinary perfection of our renowned chefs, smell the rich aromas of new tropical surroundings, and enter into contact with the local culture. But most importantly, you will embark upon a once in a lifetime adventure.
The cruise also includes a one-day visit to the town of Ocho Rios, on the beautiful island of Jamaica. There, you will experience the vibrant lifestyle of the ex-British colony, and thus enrich your trip this much more.
You deserve bliss. We can provide it. To secure your week of delight and excitement, click here while we prepare to welcome you on board for an unforgettable voyage!
Interior Cabin (4 PEOPLE CAPACITY) $239.00 USD
Interior Cabin (2 PEOPLE CAPACITY) $277.00 USD
Exterior Cabin (2 PEOPLE CAPACITY) $437.00 USD
We have also departures for July, August, and September 2012
The Cruise is temporarily out of service.


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Dishes You'll Only Find in the Midwest
If there's two things that Midwesterners truly love, it's meat and football. And there's no better dish for a classic tailgate than a beer-poached bratwurst sandwich.For the Milwaukee Beer-Braised Bratwurst Sandwich recipe, click here.Dreamstime
Beer Cheese Dip
Seriously, the middle of the country loves it's beer. Not only do they drink it and cook their meat in it, they'll also mix it with another Midwestern favorite ingredient, cheese, and dip stuff in it.For the Beer Cheese Dip recipe, click here.Dreamstime
The buckeye nut is a symbol of Ohio, and because eating the raw nut will make you quite ill, Ohioans took the buckeye's chestnut-like look and turned it in to a scrumptious chocolate and peanut butter treat.For the Buckeye recipe, click here.Dreamstime
Cheese Balls
Midwesterners will infuse cheese into every dish at every possible opportunity, including every single appetizer. It doesn't get any more classically Midwestern than a cheese ball.For the Appetizer Cheese Ball recipe, click here.istockphoto.com
Cheesy Broccoli Bake
If Southerners bathe their vegetables in meat, Midwesterners steep theirs in cheese. This classic broccoli cheese dish proves that while also incorporating another classic Midwestern casserole ingredient: cereal.For the Cheesy Broccoli Bake recipe, click here.istockphoto.com
Chicago-Style Hot Dogs
There are a lot of iconic regional foods, but few top the Chicago hot dog. And few have as many toppings as a Chicago hot dog. Yes, Illinoisans will put yellow mustard, chopped white onions, sweet pickle relish, a dill pickle spear, tomato wedges, pickled sport peppers, and a dash of celery salt on their dogs, making them some of the best hot dogs in America.istockphoto.com
Chocolate-covered potato chips originated in North Dakota, mixing together two of America's favorite snack foods. While this may sound like an insane combination, it's delicious and can be found at the very best chocolate shops across the Midwest.Dreamstime
Cincinnati Chili
Cincinnati chili is baffling to people outside of southwestern Ohio. It has cinnamon but no beans, is served atop a bowl of spaghetti, and is topped with just massive amounts of Cheddar cheese. But Midwesterners love it, so who are we to judge?For the Cincinnati Chili recipe, click here.istockphoto.com
Deep-Dish Pizza
Sure, you can find great deep-dish pizza outside of Chicago, but for the real thing, you have to head to the Windy City. We recommend Lou Malnati's, Pequod's, and Pizano's, but you can also make this dish at home.For the Chicago Deep-Dish Pizza recipe, click here.istockphoto.com
Fried Cheese Curds
No, we're not talking about mozzarella sticks. We're talking about beautiful chunks of milky white cheese deep fried in a beer batter. For the true Midwestern experience, dip them in ranch. We recommend these 10 brands.istockphoto.com
Green Bean Casserole
Though this is a staple at any Midwestern Thanksgiving, true families in the region will eat this casserole made from green beans, mushroom soup, and fried onions year round. And of course, all the ingredients better come from cans.For the Green Bean Casserole recipe, click here.istockphoto.com
Gooey Butter Cake
This classic St. Louis pastry was supposedly made by accident, when a baker reversed the amount of butter and flour in a recipe. But unlike many mistakes, this was a happy one, resulting in an iconic regional dessert.For the Gooey Butter Cake recipe, click here.Danelle Mccollum | Dreamstime.com
What is known as a casserole to the rest of the country is called "hotdish" in the Midwest. It's a quick and easy dinner for busy suburbanites, and these comforting casseroles can get you through a long, cold winter.Dreamstime
Jell-O Molds
While plastic molds for gelatin-based dishes may be a relic from the 1950s in most of the country, the Jell-O mold lives on in the Midwest. And who knows? It could be the perfect dessert for your next party.istockphoto.com
The official pastry of Wisconsin is the kringle, a Danish pastry made of dough that has been rested overnight before being shaped, filled, and baked. You'll find this all over Scandanavia, but stateside it's a Midwestern specialty.For the Easy Danish Kringle recipe, click here.Phil Diser/Wikimedia Commons
Loose Meat Sandwiches
Also called a tavern sandwich, the loose meat sandwich is ground beef on a bun mixed with sautéed onions. It's sort of like a sloppy Joe without the tomato sauce. You'll be hard-pressed to find this outside the Midwest, but it is the best sandwich in Iowa.Dreamstime
This meat and vegetable hand pie is traditionally found in the U.K., but it made its way to the Midwest via Cornish miners in Michigan. Now it's a staple of the region.For the Traditional Pasties recipe, click here.istockphoto.com
Pigs in a Blanket
What can we say? Midwesterners love convenient foods and appetizers, including the hot dog wrapped in puff pastry, aka pigs in a blanket.For the Pigs in a Blanket recipe, click here.istockphoto.com
Potato Skins
If beer-braised bratwurst are the entrée of your Midwestern tailgate, then potato skins kick off the party.For the Elevated Potato Skins recipe, click here.Dreamstime
Puppy Chow
Puppy chow is made up of Chex cereal that is mixed with melted chocolate, peanut butter, and powdered sugar. If it sounds like a sweet mess, that's because it is. It also goes by the name Muddy Buddy and Money Munch.For the Puppy Chow recipe, click here.istockphoto.com
While Runza is a regional chain in Nebraska, the sandwich it's named after is a delicious, vaguely German dish. It's a yeast dough pocket filled with a savory blend of beef, cabbage, and onions. It's the perfect thing to eat after a long night out on the town.rayb777/Wikimedia Commons
No-bake cookies and desserts are perfect for entertaining in a pinch or a sweet treat during the dog days of summer. Midwesterners know this - thus, the scotcheroo, a crisp rice treat bonded together by chocolate, butterscotch, and peanut butter.For the Chocolate Scotcheroos recipe, click here.istockphoto.com
Sugar Cream Pie
Flour, butter, salt, vanilla, cream, and brown sugar combine to make a caramel-like filling in this signature Midwestern pie.For the Sugar Cream Pie recipe, click here.Michael Gray | Dreamstime.com
Tater Tot Casserole
It's well established by now that Midwesterners love their casseroles, and perhaps there is no casserole (or hotdish) more associated with this region than the Tater Tot casserole. Ground beef, Cheddar cheese, onions, and of course Tater Tots complete this all-in-one meal.For the Chili Cheese Tater Tot Casserole recipe, click here.Dreamstime
Toasted Ravioli
Despite their name, in true Midwestern fashion, these ravioli are deep-fried, not simply toasted. It's a classic Midwestern way to make a relatively healthy dish indulgent. And if you've had it, then you're definitely Midwestern, and you likely use these 21 Midwestern phrases.For the Toasted Ravioli With Pesto and Marinara Dipping Sauce recipe, click here.More From The Daily Meal:15 Things Midwesterners Eat on Christmas10 Ways Midwesterners Are Friendlier Than YouThe Weirdest Regional Slang Across AmericaThe Prettiest Town in Every StateDishes You'll Only Find in the Southistockphoto.com


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Today I have a guest post from Tanya of Motherwear Breastfeeding Blog. She's trying to spread the word about this valuable research and I'm happy to do my small part by passing it along to you. The original post is here and it is copied and pasted (with permission) below.
Picture this: You're breastfeeding. You notice a lump. First maybe you think it's a plugged duct. But then it doesn't go away, after many, many feedings. You're worried about it, so you make an appointment with your doctor, who doesn't think it's related to breastfeeding. She sends you for a mammogram, but you're told that you'll have to have weaned for six months before the test can be done. What do you do?*
I've mentioned before that I'm involved in a powerful research project based at the University of Massachusetts, and supported by the Love/Avon Army of Women breast cancer project.
I'd like to explain more about it now, and ask for your help in recruiting participants for it.
It's probably news to most of us (it was to me) that when you make milk, cells from your milk ducts are exfoliated off in the process. These are called epithelial cells, and they're detectable in your milk.
Past research has demonstrated that long before we notice a lump, those epithelial cells start changing in ways that are precursors to the development of breast cancer.
Dr. Kathleen Arcaro, a UMass professor who studies breastfeeding and breast cancer risk wants to analyze those cells. She's been nice enough to visit a breastfeeding group I run, and answer questions about breastfeeding and breast cancer.
The primary goal of her research is to determine if it's possible to create a non-invasive, early way of assessing our breast cancer risk through our breastmilk. If it's successful, it would also establish 'molecular biomarkers' for breast cancer risk.
An additional benefit to breastfeeding mothers is that we would not be told, as some are, to wean before a mammogram or biopsy can be done. No more choosing between breastfeeding and a breast cancer test. It could be as simple and sending in a milk sample to a lab!
In order to conduct this research, Dr. Kathleen Arcaro needs to find 250 women who are both lactating and scheduled for a biopsy. To participate, you'd overnight milk samples to her lab, at no cost to you.
So if you, or someone you know, is both breastfeeding and scheduled for a biopsy, please ask them to email either me, Dr. Arcaro, or Dr. Sarah Lennington as soon as possible. You can visit the project's website to learn more.
If you write a blog or are in contact with lots of moms on a forum, please pass this link around!
And if you haven't done it yet, register for the Love/Avon Army of Women. You'll join one million women volunteering to become part of a rich pool of women researchers can use to find the causes and prevention of breast cancer. You can see other participating studies on the site. Here's a recent Today Show clip on the project.
* Mammograms can be done on lactating breasts, but they are viewed as less accurate than on non-lactating breasts. Some doctors will do them, others require mothers to wean first. Some send mothers for ultrasounds.


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Regular price £19.99
Product Info & Sizing - head here.
What forms of payment do you accept?
You have two options. You can either pay directly on our site with your Visa or Mastercard or you can checkout using your Paypal account, in which case you can use any payment method offered by Paypal.
Do you accept International orders?
Of course we do! In fact, international orders make up a substantial portion of our business. YBP'ers come from all around the globe. Please see more information below.
Why has no one responded to my customer service email?
We strive to reply to your emails within 48 hours, however, during our busiest times it may take up to 3 business days to respond. We appreciate your understanding and patience. If you have an urgent query please call us at
0207 388 1200.
What are some advantages to setting up a YBP account?
To speed up future transactions, your billing and shipping information will be saved. You can log in and track your past, pending and shipped orders. You can upload personal pictures of your YBP tees, and even display some personal information (such as your website, etc) to other members of the YBP community.
Do I need an account to place an order?
Nawwww! Simply click guest checkout at the start of the checkout process and voila, a quick and simple checkout process.
Shipping prices and timings vary by country - all relevant information can be found at checkout. However, we can't not accept responsibility for packages once they are shipped, any damage or loss plus any fee or any customs checks that may take place. As postage services vary by territory we recommend tracked shipping for international orders. This is the only way we can track orders. We provide international tracked shipping at cost price for this reason.
We will send you an order confirmation email automatically after an order is placed. As soon as your order is dispatched by us we will send an email confirming this. Your order will be fulfilled by the delivery date set out in the Dispatch Confirmation or, if no delivery date is specified, then within a reasonable time of the date of the Dispatch Confirmation, unless there are exceptional circumstances. If you need to get in touch at any point please email us on firstname.lastname@example.com.
We want you to love what you order. If you're not satisfied with your purchase, please return the item(s) for an exchange or credit. All returns must be made within 28 days of receiving your items. We do not accept returns or exchanges after the 28 day period.
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Just ahead of this weekend's highly anticipated Burma by-elections, opposition icon Aung San Suu Kyi today denounced the vote as not "free and fair." Indeed, Thein Sein government's harassment of opposition media in the run-up to the polls raises disturbing questions about the country's reputed new democratic direction after decades of repressive military rule.
The Press Scrutiny and Registration Division (PSRD), the Burmese Ministry of Information's censorship arm, has in recent weeks summoned and reprimanded the editors of two opposition-aligned newspapers, D-Wave and the Rakhine Nationalities Development Party's (RNDP) journal, for articles deemed overly critical of the government, according to Mizzima, an exile-run news agency.
D-Wave was warned for publishing a political cartoon that depicted the PSRD as a chain restraining a news publication slugged "press freedom" from reaching clouds labeled "democratic sky." The RNDP journal was reprimanded for publishing a February 29 article entitled "From a Green Military Uniform Government to a Yellow-Skirt Democracy," which playfully poked at the recent transition from military to what at best can be called quasi-civilian rule.
Suu Kyi and her National League for Democracy (NLD) party have campaigned in part on the notion that Burma needs greater press freedom. Earlier this month, she told Radio Free Asia that government officials had censored a segment of one of her campaign speeches before it was aired on state-controlled media. The banned passage was critical of the previous military junta's abuse of laws to repress the population. At her press conference Friday, she said irregularities went "beyond what is acceptable for democratic elections."
Her speech violated an Election Commission list of forbidden campaign topics, including any speech that "tarnishes the dignity of the State," "split the armed forces or tarnishes its good name," or "disparages or otherwise harms national longevity, sovereignty, and ethnic unity," according to an English translation of the Burmese language order received by CPJ. The nine-point list of banned topics has effectively muted critical debate on the campaign trail and as a result blunted any hard-hitting news coverage of the pre-election period.
After this weekend's by-elections, the next big signpost on Burma's reform path is expected to be passage of a new Printing Press and Publication Law. Ministry of Information officials have said the proposed legislation will codify press freedoms and responsibilities, and replace the PSRD censorship body with a new "Committee for Press Freedom and Raising Ethical Standards."
Government authorities held two conferences, in January and March, on the promised media reforms, but participants left the meetings ambivalent about the government's intentions and concerned that the new legislation will merely employ different tools of suppression, similar to the legal restrictions on the press in neighboring countries like Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam.
There has been no indication that the regime intends to overturn the various repressive laws on the books, including the harsh Electronics Act that allows for jail terms for sending unauthorized information over the Internet. Authorities frequently have used the law to repress and imprison journalists. Those concerns were ironically underscored when the PSRD banned a critical commentary about the media reform conference written by veteran journalist Ludu Sein Win. The banned article was later published by The Irrawaddy exile-run magazine and website.
To be sure, Burma's media freedom situation has eased with the release of at least 10 jailed journalists and the relaxing of censorship of certain previously banned topics. It is also noteworthy that prominent media editors in exile, including Irrawaddy's Aung Zaw and the Democratic Voice of Burma's Aye Chan Naing -- both steadfast critics of the old military order -- have recently been granted short-stay visas to return to their homeland for the first time in decades.
But there are just as many signs, witnessed in persistent censorship and harassment of the local media, that President Thein Sein's commitment to greater press freedom is still more rhetoric than reality. Indeed, journalists and editors quoted in news reports have expressed concerns that the marginally greater space they now enjoy will abruptly close if and when the government is rewarded for its democratic progress with the removal of Western sanctions and allocation of financial aid and assistance.
While Thein Sein's quasi-civilian government has embraced the outline of democracy -- witnessed in the spectacle of Suu Kyi campaign posters and voters feeding ballot boxes at this weekend's by-elections -- there is still clearly resistance to the substance.


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Betty's Midwest Kitchen which opened its door last year offers a variety of food that are traditionally prepared by people of the Midwest of America or 'Heartland' . As a result, their food are wholesome, hearty and most importantly, delicious! It has been quite a while since I got excited over the food I had so allow me to blog about this wonderful place.
Located along the same row at Original Kayu at Aman Suria, this shop was surprisingly packed during Friday lunch hours. Nevertheless, the service was prompt and our orders were noted down in a short while.
My colleague took the Pulled-Pork Burger which costs RM 12.00.
The name may sound unorthodox at first but essentially, as the name suggests, the patty will be shredded or 'pulled' before slow roasting it.
Special sauce is added in-between the burger bun and is served with coleslaw and fries. According to my colleague, the meal was really yummy. It sure looks delicious just from looking at the pictures.
We also took the Sloppy Joe (RM 12.00). Described as an American favourite of ground pork cooked with baked beans, onions, ketchup an other seasonings, the meal was served with a bun and fries. When it arrived, we were quite surprised as it was nothing like the usual burgers that we commonly seen. Here, the bake beans, onions and etc were served in a bowl while there was a piece of empty bun next to it.
While all of us were puzzled on how it should be eaten, I supposed the bun could be spread with the sauce or otherwise dipped into it. I presume it is a matter of taste or how messy you want the meal to be.
Another noteworthy dish was the mash potato (RM 5.00).
The gravy was really creamy (which suits my taste) and the potato has a rich smooth texture to it. Highly recommended.
I had the Jucy Lucy (RM 13.50). Note the spelling (which is correct) and the creative name. According to the menu, Jucy Lucy is a hamburger with melted cheese core inside the grilled beef and pork patty. Reading that description has already got my taste bud excited. The verdict?
The grilled pattie was nicely cook; not too dry and not too moist. The combination of the grilled meat with onions was a match make in heaven! This has to be the best burger I have tried so far. And heck, for that price I would rather be eating at Betty's than having a GCB burger at McDonald's anytime.
With such scrumptious food, it is safe to say that Betty's Midwest Kitchen ranks highly in my favourite choice of restaurants. Definitely worth a second visit.
Betty's Midwest Kitchen
A-G-40, Jalan PJU 1/43
Aman Suria Damansara
47301 Petaling Jaya
Tel / Fax: 03-7880 0196
Website: http://www.midwestkitchen.com.my
Location Map


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Geneva College′s acclaimed mixed choir, The Genevans, will perform a free home concert at 8 p.m. on Friday, March 26 and Saturday, March 27 at the John H. White Chapel on Geneva′s campus.
The theme of the concert is "My Father′s World," based on the early 20th century hymn "This is My Father′s World." Recently returned from a tour of the Mid-Atlantic states, the choir is preparing for a European tour this summer.
Established in 1938, The Genevans represent the merger of Geneva′s original men′s and women′s glee clubs. Since then, the choir has performed across the United States and Canada, as well as in ten European countries, to significant acclaim.
The Genevans have been directed for twenty-eight years by Dr. Robert Copeland, a Geneva alumnus who earned his M.Mus. and Ph.D. degrees from the College-Conservatory of Music at the University of Cincinnati. Prior to joining the Geneva faculty, he served in the U.S. Army and taught in Kansas for ten years. Dr. Copeland is also an active elder in his church.
The concert is open to the public, and attendance is free. For more information, contact the music department at 724-847-6660.
Geneva College is a comprehensive Christian college of the arts, sciences and professional studies. Founded in the tradition of the Reformed Christian faith, Geneva prepares students to serve Christ in all areas of society: work, family and the church. Geneva College′s philosophy of education is based on the Foundational Concepts of Christian Higher Education. Geneva is a founding member of the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU).
© Geneva College | All rights reserved


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RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) — Hundreds of people have held a protest march against the privatization of Brazil's iconic Maracana Stadium.
Organizers say at least 800 people, including students, Indians and artists took part in the three-hour, 4-kilometer (2.5-mile) march Saturday carrying banners reading "Maracana is Ours."
Built for the 1950 World Cup, Maracana is being renovated for the city's upcoming sporting events that include the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2016 Olympics and the final match of 2014 World Cup.
Besides the privatization, planned for next year, the demonstrators also protested against the planned demolitions of an indigenous museum, a public school and some athletics facilities near Maracana.
Government officials have said the museum isn't used anymore and that all the buildings need to be removed to guarantee the stadium's modernization.


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A forum about Atari 16/32 computers and their clones. This forum is in no way affiliated with Atari Interactive.
Moderators: Mug UK, Zorro 2, spiny, Greenious, Moderator Team
Cyprian wrote:60Hz:
262 lines per frame
508 cycles per scan line
313 lines per frame
512 cycles per scan line
that matter is not so trivial therefore I would suggest you to did in Coding subforum: viewforum.php?f=16
e.g. this very interesting thread: viewtopic.php?f=16&t=24855
on page 15, you can find timing diagrams done by Dio
Cyprian wrote:50Hz
313 lines per frame
512 cycles per scan line
MasterOfGizmo wrote:Nice thread, but lacks a lot of the real physical information.
Also i still have to finde the values for border widths and blank and sync widths.
Another info i am missing is the exact time a vbi/hbi is generated. At the begin or the end of the sync pulse?
MasterOfGizmo wrote:Where did you get that numbers from? Do both fields really have the same number of lines? Since 32Mhz/2/1024/312.5 is _exactly_ 50Hz i'd assume that it's alternating 313/312 lines.
Which in turn would mean that my current scanline emulation which just dims the second of a scan doubled line could be made more realistic by toggling the dimming between the first and the second line every frame resulting in some 25Hz flickering.
exxos wrote:The vertical is actually fine, Horizontal just jumps, its like the left border vanishes and the image is flush with the side of the TV screen, but it only does that at random times.
troed wrote:exxos wrote:The vertical is actually fine, Horizontal just jumps, its like the left border vanishes and the image is flush with the side of the TV screen, but it only does that at random times.
That sounds like automatic widescreen detection, where it tries to zoom the image to fill the available screen estate. If you have a mode called "just scan" or something similar it's preferred.
troed wrote:I think all that is available in the thread, although spread out over several different posts.
Dio wrote:No, all the old computers used genuine 50Hz frames rather than 25Hz interlaced modes. I actually found this on a real ST back in the day by flickering a double resolution image at 50Hz and could show it was indistinguishable between frames ABABAB and BABABA implying it was impossible to exploit interlace.
Dio wrote:CRT TVs are analogue devices and pretty tolerant of gammy signals. Even discounting the 50Hz frame effect (which also implicitly states that either the H or V timing must be slightly out, since the standards are designed for 312.5 and 262.5 lines) computers generate sync which is usually very dubiously conformant with the actual standards.
MasterOfGizmo wrote:PAL 50 HZ hor total = 512, vert total = 313
NTSC 60 HZ hor total = 508, vert total = 263
MONO 72HZ hor total = 896, vert total = 501 (some sources say 500)
E.g. the video.h from steem says border display starts in line 34 and data display starts in line 63. But it's still unclear to me where the counters start. At the end of sync? At the begin of sync?
How wide are the borders (top/botton/left and right)?
How long are the blank (hor and vert front and back porches) and sync phases?
troed wrote:Mono is 224 cycles per line - your value is four times that though so maybe we mean the same thing.
troed wrote:We're in wakestate territory, but if we go with wakestate 1 then HSYNC ends at cycle 504, BLANK ends at cycle 32, DE goes high at cycle 60, LOAD at 66 and first data on RGB pins at 84. This is for low res.
Horizontal timing, starting from the start of HSYNC: 5us sync, 5us blank, DE activated after 3.5us, DE active for 40us, BLANK active after 9us, HSYNC after 1.5us; in clocks, that's 40 / 40 / 28 / 320 / 72 / 12.
VSYNC starts 104 cycles after the start of the previous line's HSYNC, so that's 4 cycles before DE would be activated. It is likely that this is the point at which the H counter is reset (and V incremented) so one would expect that the horizontal period would be determined at about this point.
troed wrote:Actual pixels possible to show by demos using tricks? 26 bytes left border and 44 bytes right (so 52 and 88 pixels). In PAL low res.
MasterOfGizmo wrote:...
Also the fact that NTSC and PAL STs had different crystals definitely means that they weren't able to do the exact timing of the "opposite" region. But this also means that Atari really tried as those two frequencies only differ by a fraction of a percent.
MasterOfGizmo wrote:troed wrote:Actual pixels possible to show by demos using tricks? 26 bytes left border and 44 bytes right (so 52 and 88 pixels). In PAL low res.
I am not sure if a real ST blanks outside the sync phase (what a VGA timing would call front and back porch). If it does then there's a specific number of border pixels between blank and real display even if not used for overscan tricks. If the ST just displays its border color for anything outside the sync phase then this would also mean that the borders have a well-defined width but you'd likely never see them all.
hellokitty wrote:In conclusion, how many pixels is a physical line wide?
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"Not everything that can be counted counts; and not everything that counts can be counted." —Albert Einstein
"The practice of medicine is an art, not a trade; a calling, not a business; a calling in which your heart will be exercised equally with your head." —William Osler
When I was a first-year resident, a revered supervisor of mine made the statement—half-facetiously—that "in psychiatry, you can do biology in the morning and theology in the afternoon!" That remarkable claim not only intrigued and inspired me—it also became a kind of North Star in my own professional orientation, for the next 30 years. But amidst the intense and sometimes internecine conflicts that rage around and within psychiatry today, I think it is time to reexamine my supervisor's observation. At the very least, it may be useful to use it as a kind of lens, through which recent arguments about psychiatry may be viewed.
The dilemma faced by the psychiatric profession may be epitomized in 2 e-mails I recently received, both from very well-respected, senior psychiatrists. Senior Clinician #1 is well known in the area of mood disorder classification and in applying the "medical model" and biological subtyping to various forms of major depression. He wrote me in reference to my recent essay "Misunderstanding Psychiatry . . . ," in which I disputed the claim that psychiatric diagnosis does not make use of objective "signs," as in general medicine.1 He opined that ". . . psychiatry has rejected the medical model of diagnosis in medical practice" and that the DSM system merely ". . . looks at the list of symptoms and their duration, rejecting [physical and laboratory] examination verifying tests and the validation of treatment responses."
Senior Clinician #2 argued nearly the opposite point of view, opining that psychiatric residents these days are ". . . being inadequately educated, with an emphasis on . . . [a materialistic] or . . . so-called medical model." Senior Clinician #2 represents an existential-humanistic approach to psychiatry that seeks to understand the whole person in the context of his or her environment. For him, psychiatry is primarily a "healing art," not a branch of neuroscience. He argued that psychiatry needs to recognize and realize its true nature ". . . before the field becomes unnecessary and obsolete."
Can both these respected clinicians be right? Has psychiatry really abandoned the "medical model" (whatever that means)? Does the present DSM framework enshrine or ignore this so-called medical model? Has psychiatry become too focused on neuroscience and "materialist" (usually termed "physicalist") models of psychopathology, to the detriment of holistic understanding of the person? Or is the real problem our abandonment of the biomedical model in favor of a kind of promiscuous eclecticism? Can our profession ever hope to overcome all these antinomies and develop an Einsteinian, "unified field theory" of psychiatric illness? How might such a unified theory partake of both "biology" and "theology," to return to my supervisor's observation? Obviously, this essay can do no more than sketch some very tentative answers to these questions—but here goes.
First of all, what do psychiatrists and other physicians mean by the "medical model"—also called, the "biomedical model"?
Mosby's Medical Dictionary (8th ed) defines the "medical model" as
". . . the traditional approach to the diagnosis and treatment of illness as practiced by physicians in the Western world since the time of Koch and Pasteur. The physician focuses on the defect, or dysfunction, within the patient, using a problem-solving approach. The medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests provide the basis for the identification and treatment of a specific illness. The medical model is thus focused on the physical and biologic aspects of specific diseases and conditions." 2
In this sense, the last two DSMs can hardly be seen as exemplars or instantiations of "the medical model." As McHugh and Slavney3 point out, DSM-III was primarily interested in enhancing diagnostic reliability—essentially, agreement on diagnosis among observers—and not in establishing the biological validity of any condition. Nor have biological factors been a central (or even a peripheral) part of DSM criteria from DSM-III to the expected DSM-5. So it would be wrong to characterize the DSMs as exemplars of "the medical model" or of "biological psychiatry," as many commentators often claim. Notice, by the way, that there is nothing inherent in this dictionary definition of the medical model that precludes careful attention to the patient's verbal account of what is wrong, or that "encourages a view of the patient as a machine."4 These misattributions become important when we consider Dr Nicolas Kontos's5 argument, below, concerning the "biomedical Straw Man."
Rather remarkably, Mosby's Medical Dictionary goes on to note that
"Nursing differs from the medical model in that the patient is perceived primarily as a person relating to the environment holistically; nursing care is formulated on the basis of a holistic nursing assessment of all dimensions of the person (physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual) that assumes multiple causes for the problems experienced by the patient. Nursing care then focuses on all dimensions, not just physical."2
This is actually an extraordinary statement, and I'll come back to it when I introduce the concept of "polythetic pluralism"—but on its face, this description of the "nursing model" ought to give every physician pause, particularly psychiatric physicians. Another reason to reconsider the "medical model" is the politico-rhetorical "baggage" this term has acquired in recent decades, as public disenchantment with medical diagnosis—and particularly, psychiatric diagnosis—has grown. Consider this claim from a UK Web site, advocating for the disabled:
"Under the medical model, disabled people are defined by their illness or medical condition. They are disempowered: medical diagnoses are used to regulate and control access to social benefits, housing, education, leisure and employment."6
"Straw Man" or not, similar claims about the medical model have been voiced by various advocacy groups—and many psychiatrists—highly critical of psychiatric diagnosis and practice. These critics usually use the term "reductionistic" in speaking of the medical model, with the implication that ordinary emotions and "problems in living" are being increasingly and inappropriately "medicalized."7
Yet it was the psychoanalyst and internist, Dr George Engel,8 who most prominently called attention to the reductionist nature of the traditional medical model, and who called for a new approach—one that would ". . . include the psychosocial without sacrificing the enormous advantages of the biomedical approach." It should also be noted that "reductionism" in psychiatry is not confined to those who advocate either a DSM-categorical approach or a strictly biomedical approach. As Dr Glen Gabbard9 has observed, "Both [psychoanalysts] and their patients secretly are drawn to simple formulations that eschew complexity." Reductionism, in short, is an equal-opportunity habit of mind.
To be sure, Engel's biopsychosocial model (BPSM) has come in for pointed criticism in recent years. Some, like Dr Nassir Ghaemi,10 have argued that the BPSM has led to a sort of mishmash of treatment approaches, in which the psychiatrist adds "a little of this and a little of that" (my phrase, not Ghaemi's) to the treatment mix, without basing the decision on rigorous evidence. And, in a thoughtful critique, Kontos has argued that Engel himself created a kind of "Straw Man," by mischaracterizing the biomedical model, eg, as one that effectively discourages dialogue with the patient and "encourages a view of the patient as a machine." Kontos5 persuasively argues that promulgation of this "Straw Man" model has led to the misperception that ". . . most physicians are purposefully complicit in efforts to promote inadequate patient care." Indeed, this is a charge often leveled against psychiatrists who supposedly adhere to this bowdlerized version of the medical model.
A complete discussion of the BPSM is beyond the scope of this essay. Nevertheless—while acknowledging both deficiencies in and misrepresentations of the model—the BPSM at least represented an attempt to move psychiatry toward a humane and holistic approach to the patient. It seems to me that Engel must be given substantial credit for this, regardless of his own mischaracterizations of biomedicine or the misapplication of the BPSM by some clinicians.
I have already noted that the DSM framework does not exemplify the medical model as defined above. Ironically, the DSM approach manages to achieve the "worst of both worlds": it does not adhere to a robust form of the biomedical model, but neither does it provide a rich, coherent existential-phenomenological basis for understanding the patient's psychology. There are very few diagnostic criteria in DSM that help explain anything important about the inner world of the emotionally disturbed individual. (For a sense of what I mean, I recommend Silvano Arieti's11 magisterial description of the inner world of the patient with schizophrenia.)
1. Pies R. Misunderstanding psychiatry (and philosophy) at the highest level. Psychiatr Times. 2011;28(9):1, 4-6. www.psychiatrictimes.com/display/article/10168/1945693. Accessed November 4, 2011.
2. Mosby's Medical Dictionary. 8th ed. 2009. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/medical+model. Accessed October 19, 2011.
3. McHugh PR, Slavney PR. The Perspectives of Psychiatry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1986.
4. Engel GL. The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. Am J Psychiatry. 1980;137:535-544.
5. Kontos N: Perspective: biomedicine—menace or straw man? Reexamining the biopsychosocial argument. Acad Med. 2011;86:509-515.
6. The Open University. Medical model. http://www.open.ac.uk/inclusiveteaching/pages/understanding-and-awareness/medical-model.php. Accessed October 19, 2011.
7. Frances A. Good grief. New York Times. August 14, 2010. www.nytimes.com/2010/08/15/opinion/15frances.html. Accessed October 19, 2011.
8. Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science. 1977;196:129-136.
9. Gabbard GO. "Bound in a nutshell": thoughts on complexity, reductionism, and "infinite space." Int J Psychoanal. 2007:88(pt 3):559-574.
10. Ghaemi SN. The rise and fall of the biopsychosocial model. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;195:3-4.
11. Arieti S. Interpretation of Schizophrenia. 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books; 1974.
12. Luhrmann TM. Of Two Minds: The Growing Disorder in American Psychiatry. New York: Random House, Inc; 2000.
13. Guntrip H. The concept of psychodynamic science. Int J Psychoanal. 1967;48:32-43.
14. Okasha S. Philosophy of Science: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press Inc; 2002.
15. Carroll BJ. Diagnostic validity and laboratory studies: rules of the game. In: Robins LN, Barrett JE, eds. The Validity of Psychiatric Diagnosis. New York: Raven Press, Ltd; 1989:229-244.
16. Sen A. Objectivity and Position. Lindley Lecture Series. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas; 1992.
17. Wiggins OP, Schwartz MA, Jaspers K. In: Embree L, Behnke EA, Carr D, et al, eds. Encyclopedia of Phenomenology. The Hague: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1997. Karl Jaspers Forum, Note 90. www.kjf.ca/N90-SCH.rtf. Accessed November 7, 2011.
18. Rosenfeld J, Martin RA, Bauer D. Numbness: a practical guide for family physicians. http://www.aan.com/familypractice/html/chp3.htm. Accessed October 19, 2011.
19. Pies RW. The diagnosis and treatment of subclinical hypothyroid states in depressed patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1997;19:344-354.
20. Ghaemi SN. Existence and pluralism: the rediscovery of Karl Jaspers. Psychopathology. 2007;40:75-82.


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Wayne Richard
Wayne learned after his parents died and his grandfather kicked him out "that people would hurt me for amusement, that people could and would be cruel, and that it was a normal part of life in the world."
He began to use, "but not enough to recognize a problem.
I depended on the drugs more and more to relieve the pain of living, the boredom of dead end jobs, and the lack of nurturing relationships in my life."
He was lost, high, homeless, and desperate. "I was ready to end my life. I sat under a traffic bridge with a gun in my mouth, tears in my eyes. Now my descent was complete. My final thought as I was about to squeeze the trigger was, 'God why wouldn't you love me?' And then it happened."
"In that instant it was as if time stood still and I heard a voice as clear as my own, 'Get up, leave here; there is something else for you to do'."
"I knew I had to find freedom from the bondage of anger, bitterness, pity and ignorance of self. I desperately needed to live without the fear and loneliness that had guided my actions. And to do it I had to give God the lead."
During his stay at a transitional center, Wayne attended an ISP retreat.
"During the retreat I began to examine the continuous presence of God in my life," Wayne says.
That was in 1999. Since then he's stayed clean, gotten a job at the Chicago Coalition for the Homeless, and helped lead more than 60 retreats.
"I continue to go on retreat," Wayne says, "because I see God move men on the retreats to faith and hope."
What's the most important thing about Ignatian Spirituality?
How did ISP make a difference in your life?
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Charles Hadlock studies corporate governance, mergers and acquisitions, financial constraints, and managerial labor markets. His research has appeared in several leading journals in finance, economics, and accounting. He was the winner of the 1997 Merton Miller Prize awarded by the Journal of Business and the 2011 and 2014 Michael Brennan Prize awarded by the Review of Financial Studies.
Hadlock has taught at the University of Florida, the University of Illinois, the University Michigan, and the University of Virginia. In 2008 he was nominated for the Ross School of Business MBA teaching excellence award. Hadlock is currently the Frederick S. Addy Distinguished Professor of Finance at the Eli Broad Graduate School of Management at Michigan State University where he has won the Executive MBA Teaching Award on six different occasions.
Hadlock earned his PhD in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1994 and his BA (with highest honors and highest distinction) from the University of Michigan in 1989 with concentrations in economics and mathematics.
Running, hiking.
Corporate finance, corporate governance, managerial labor markets.
With Ramana Sonti, "Financial Strength and Product Market Competition: Evidence from Asbestos Litigation," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis (forthcoming).
With J. Pierce, "New Evidence on Measuring Financial Constraints: Moving Beyond the KZ Index," Review of Financial Studies (2010).
With M. Cichello, C. Fee, and R. Sonti, "Promotions, Turnover, and Performance Evaluation: Evidence from the Careers of Division Managers," The Accounting Review (2009).
With C. Fee and J. Pierce,
"Investment, Financing Constraints, and Internal Capital Markets: Evidence from the Advertising Expenditures of Multinational Firms," Review of Financial Studies (2009).
With C. Fee and S. Thomas, "Corporate equity ownership and the governance of product market relationships," Journal of Finance (2006).
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