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Bourbaki: the post-war years
|Alphabetical list of History Topics
|History Topics Index
The beginnings of the Bourbaki story are told in the article Bourbaki: the pre-war years.
World War II had intervened at a time when Bourbaki was about to accelerate production and move quickly towards the group's original aim of publishing six books, each with several chapters. The effects of the war were to cause the project to stagger to a halt with only parts of Books 1, 2 and 3 being published. When the project restarted after the war ended, new young mathematicians were recruited. In particular Roger Godement, Pierre Samuel, Jacques Dixmier and Jean-Pierre Serre joined Bourbaki in the late 1940's. Other "second generation" members who carried forward the project in the late 1940s and early 1950s were Samuel Eilenberg, Jean-Louis Koszul, and Laurent Schwartz.
Armand Borel first became acquainted with the Bourbaki team in 1949. He described [11] his first Bourbaki Congress:-
[Congresses] were private affairs, devoted to the books. A usual session would discuss a draft of some chapter or maybe a preliminary report on a topic under consideration for inclusion, then or later. It was read aloud line by line by a member, and anyone could at any time interrupt, comment, ask questions, or criticize. More often than not, this "discussion" turned into a chaotic shouting match. I had often noticed that Dieudonné, with his stentorian voice, his propensity for definitive statements, and extreme opinions, would automatically raise the decibel level of any conversation he would take part in. Still, I was not prepared for what I saw and heard: "Two or three monologues shouted at top voice, seemingly independently of one another" is how I briefly summarized for myself my impressions that first evening ...Dieudonné, in [15], gives a similar description of the Congresses and talks about the qualities that members of the team must have:-
During a Congress, the chapters come up in order of the day, in no particular order, and we never know in advance if we shall be doing only differential topology at this Congress, or if at the next one we shall be doing commutative algebra. No everything is mixed ... a Bourbaki member is supposed to take an interest in everything he hears. If he is a fanatical algebraist and says "I am interested in algebra and nothing else" fair enough, but he will never be a member of Bourbaki. One has to take an interest in everything at once. Not to be capable of creating in all fields, that is all right. There is no question of asking everyone to be a universal mathematician; this is reserved for a small number of geniuses. But still, one should take an interest in everything, and be able, when the time comes, to write a chapter of the treatise, even if it is not in one's speciality. This is something which has happened to practically every member, and I think most of them found it extremely beneficial.The plans at this time were to carry out the aims that Bourbaki had set in 1939, namely to publish six books, each consisting of up to 10 chapters:
Book I. Set TheoryAfter World War II, publication restarted in 1947 after a break of five years. A description of the chapters which appeared in the five years 1947-52 will illustrate the generality which the authors were achieving as well as the fact that the chapters came out in a somewhat muddled order, certainly not consecutively.
Book II. Algebra
Book III. Topology
Book IV. Functions of One Real Variable
Book V. Topological Vector Spaces
Book VI. Integration
Book II. Algebra
Book III. Topology
Book IV. Functions of One Real Variable
Book V. Topological Vector Spaces
Book VI. Integration
1947 Book III Topology: Chapters V, VI, and VII.
Chapter V is concerned with the additive group of real numbers, its subgroups, quotient groups and homomorphisms. Chapters VI and VII are concerned with elementary properties of Euclidean spaces, projective spaces, complex numbers, complex projective spaces, quaternions, etc.
1947 Book II Algebra: Chapter II.
Mac Lane writes about this linear algebra chapter:-
The author of these volumes has set himself the task of presenting a systematic and well-balanced exposition of the whole of mathematics, and has properly chosen to achieve the necessary coherence by using a uniform terminology and a conceptual approach, in which special facts and illustrative examples are to be arranged under the appropriate general notions. His treatment of linear algebras follows these principles; bases and matrices are subordinated to left modules and linear mappings. One often needs these concepts in cases when the multiplication of scalars is not commutative; this appropriate measure of generality is here systematically carried out.1948 Book II Algebra: Chapter III.
This chapter on multilinear algebra covers tensor products, tensor spaces, Grassmann algebra and determinants.
1948 Book III Topology: Chapter IX.
This chapter looks at the use of the real numbers in general topology. It covers topics such as metric spaces, normed spaces, and Baire spaces.
1949 Book IV Functions of One Real Variable: Chapter I.
Bochner writes:-
This instalment of Bourbaki's super-textbook gives a notable account of Rolle's theorem and Taylor's theorem with remainder; of the indefinite integral, as anti-derivative, for a function having only discontinuities of the first kind, such a function being a uniform limit of a function which is constant by intervals, an "interval" being an open interval or a point; of Cauchy limits for such integrals; of integration and differentiation with respect to a parameter under the integral sign; and of the elementary logarithmic, exponential and trigonometric functions. Everything is done for abstractly-valued functions whose values lie in a topologized vector-space, or, at the very least, in a normed ring, but there are many fine features of analysis spread out underneath this superimposed layer of ever-present generalizations.1949 Book III Topology: Chapter X.
This is the final chapter of Book III. The sections are: Uniform structures on functional spaces; Spaces of continuous functions; Equicontinuous sets; Compact sets of continuous functions; and Approximation of real continuous functions.
1950 Book II Algebra: Chapters IV, and V.
These two chapters present a carefully worked out development of the theory of polynomials and fields.
1951 Book IV Functions of One Real Variable: Chapter IV.
This chapter covers ordinary first order differential equations and systems of such equations, again presented with considerably more generality than previous texts.
1952 Book II Algebra: Chapters VI, and VII.
The first of these chapters is concerned with the study of partially ordered semigroups and groups, divisibility in integral domains and similar topics. The second of the two chapters covers the theory of modules over a principal ideal ring.
1952 Book IV Integration: Chapters I, II, III, and IV.
These chapters set up the basic properties of integration theory which, as far as Bourbaki is concerned, means integration on locally compact spaces.
The "third generation" of Bourbaki members joined around the time that the project to produce the six books was well on its way to completion. A chapter took from eight to ten years from the time work started on it until final publication. By 1958 publications of the six books was complete so in the mid 1950s only the finishing touches remained to be done. In 1958 Henri Cartan explained why Bourbaki was not growing old [13]:-
Bourbaki has been at work for more than 20 years. You might think that he has grown old in that time and the dynamism of his members has gradually diminished. But that is not so. Bourbaki will always remain young and lively; like mankind he renews himself constantly. The so-called "founding fathers" ... have stepped down in the course of the years to have their places taken by younger members. These newcomers found their own way to Bourbaki.Armand Borel, François Bruhat, Pierre Cartier, Alexander Grothendieck, Serge Lang, and John Tate are considered the younger members of this third generation. They did not see things in exactly the same way as the founders, for example Cartier said:-
The misunderstanding was that many people thought that [mathematics] should be taught the way it was written in the books. You can think of the first books of Bourbaki as an encyclopaedia of mathematics, containing all the necessary information. That is a good description. If you consider it as a textbook, it's a disaster.Clearly this powerful mathematical team did not see their task simple to push the last of the chapters through the publishing process. Not at all - in fact right from the beginning members of Bourbaki had more grandiose ideas than simply the six planned books. Armand Borel explains in [11]:-
In the fifties [the six books] were essentially finished, and it was understood the main energies of Bourbaki would henceforth concentrate on the sequel; it had been in the mind of Bourbaki very early on (after all, there was still no "Traité d'Analyse" Ⓣ). Already in September 1940, Dieudonné had outlined a grandiose plan in 27 books, encompassing most of mathematics. More modest ones, still reaching beyond the "éléments", also usually by Dieudonné, would regularly conclude the Congresses. Also, many reports on and drafts of future chapters had already been written. However, mathematics had grown enormously, the mathematical landscape had changed considerably, in part through the work of Bourbaki, and it became clear we could not go on simply following the traditional pattern. Although this had not been intended, the founding members had often carried a greater weight on basic decisions, but they were now retiring and the primary responsibility was shifting to younger members. Some basic principles had to be re-examined.These basic principles had required Bourbaki to build everything in a linear fashion without references to outside sources. This clearly would become increasingly difficult as they moved to more advanced topics. Also the idea that every member of Bourbaki should be interested in every topic was one which did indeed require universal mathematicians in the sense which Dieudonné had already made clear they were not:-
There is no question of asking everyone to be a universal mathematician; this is reserved for a small number of geniuses.Would Bourbaki then split up into smaller units each responsible for an advanced topic? Such questions provoked heated discussion between idealists and realists in the group. Grothendieck, although a third generation member, was fully committed to providing full foundations in accepted "Bourbaki generality" for the advanced topics. He produced a proposal at a 1957 Congress to have:
Book VII: Homological AlgebraHere the aim was to continue building Bourbaki in the style of the first six books. Grothendieck presented to the next Congress a detailed draft of two chapters, the first containing preliminaries to the book on manifolds and categories of manifolds, while the second contained differentiable manifolds, and the differential formalism [11]:-
Book VIII: Elementary Topology
Book IX: Manifolds
Book VIII: Elementary Topology
Book IX: Manifolds
[Grothendieck] warned that much more algebra would be needed, e.g., hyperalgebras. As was often the case with Grothendieck's papers, they were at points discouragingly general, but at others rich in ideas and insights. However, it was rather clear that if we followed that route, we would be bogged down with foundations for many years, with a very uncertain outcome.There was another problem which constantly bothered Bourbaki members. The original aim was to produce an up-to-date text for students to learn the latest approach to mathematics. But by 1958 when the original six books were completed, the first few of these books were already almost 20 years out of date. It was clearly impossible for the authors of the first few chapters to cover all that was needed in the later texts since mathematics was a rapidly developing subject. How could they make their linear approach consistent with rewriting the earlier books? Grothendieck proposed that Bourbaki now went further in providing foundations than had been done for the first six books and planned foundations:-
... also for future developments to the extent they could be foreseen.These proposals were, however, not liked by others who favoured a more realistic approach to achieving what they wanted to see. Some wanted to see two parallel approaches, that of Grothendieck in the spirit of the founders, and also advanced texts in areas they wanted to cover. But they just didn't have the manpower for this, however much it might have suited everybody. Although Bourbaki held back from the ultimate goal of writing down the whole of mathematics in their linear development, realising that this was just not feasible, nevertheless they still embarked on a programme which was impossibly ambitious. They planned to rewrite the first six books and publish a "final version" of them. They also planned to give up the totally linear approach but, by way of compromise, to produce a summary text on differential and analytic manifolds which followed the model of their first version of Chapter I of Book I, and give only a list of necessary results to set up enough machinery to push forward on topics they were very keen to cover. They decided on producing advanced texts on commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, Lie groups, global and functional analysis, algebraic number theory, and automorphic forms.
By 1980 they had produced the two planned summary chapters on differential and analytic manifolds, seven chapters on commutative algebra, eight chapters on Lie groups and Lie algebras, and two chapters on spectral theories. They had also produced an English translation of some of the first six books, together with three of the chapters on Lie groups and algebras, and seven of the chapters on commutative algebra. For many the chapters on Lie groups and Lie algebras are Bourbaki's finest achievements. For this Armand Borel must take the bulk of the credit for he was the main driving force behind the style and content of this part.
Despite the achievements after 1960, the project began to falter during the 1970s. Cartier gave what he saw as the reasons in [36]:-
Bourbaki struggled in the seventies and the eighties to formulate new directions. [There was] a failed project about several complex variables. There were attempts at homotopy theory, at spectral theory of operators, at the index theorem, at symplectic geometry. But none of these projects went beyond a preliminary stage. Bourbaki could not find a new outlet, because they had a dogmatic view of mathematics: everything should be set inside a secure framework. That was quite reasonable for general topology and general algebra, which were already solidified around 1950. Most people agree now that you do need general foundations for mathematics, at least if you believe in the unity of mathematics. But I believe now that this unity should be organic, while Bourbaki advocated a structural point of view.There was another problem for Bourbaki in the 1970s which was unrelated to mathematics. They entered into a long legal dispute with their publisher over royalties and translation rights. Cartier said [36]:-
I think it was one of the cases of the century! We hired a famous lawyer who had fought for the heirs of Picasso and Fujita. We survived artificially: we had to win this battle. But it was a pyrrhic victory. As usual in legal battles, both parties lost and the lawyer got rich: In fame and in pocket.Despite the problems, the project is still alive and new editions are coming out. The founders of Bourbaki had a rule that members should retire at fifty. Cartier has suggested that perhaps it would be appropriate for Bourbaki to retire at fifty. This did not happen and Bourbaki is now seventy. Will there be a resurgence and a sudden return to the passion for change that gripped the founders? Probably not. There may not now be a need for this, and one reason that there is no need is of course the way that Bourbaki has shaken up the world of mathematics. Some love the approach, some hate it, but one cannot deny Bourbaki's influence.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson


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Senior Christian ministries major Julie Everett is spending her summer in Sosúa, a sunny coastal town in the Dominican Republic. But Julie isn't in Sosúa for the beach and the waterfalls; she′s there to minister to women and girls who have been—or are in danger of being—sexually abused.
"The town of Sosúa is based around tourism, but about 80 percent of that tourism is prostitution-based," Julie says. "There is a famous street here which goes through the heart of Sosúa called Pedro Clisante which is absolutely lined with prostitutes. Quite frequently you see a 60-year-old white man walking down the street with a 14- or 15-year-old Haitian or Dominican girl. Generally a girl′s passage to adulthood happens as soon as she gets her period which unfortunately leads to a lot of sexual promiscuity at a young age. It′s relatively common to see girls with more than one child by the time she′s 20. If she becomes pregnant at a young age, usually she does not pursue higher education and/or drops out of high school or middle school."
Julie is working with missionaries from Servant′s Heart Ministries, a branch of New Life Christian Church in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. After she arrived in Sosúa and became more familiar with the culture, she decided to focus on creating groups designed to help girls ages 10 to 15 understand that they have value as children of God. She has already started one group in a village called Nazaret, a poor community nestled in the side of beautiful rolling hills.
"I'm working with the girls from the community, talking about issues of all kinds," Julie says. "We've talked about self-esteem, healing in the Lord, gossip, what beauty is in different cultures and the true beauty that we have within us. Before starting the group, I spent time looking for a woman that I could train to be the leader, so that once I leave, the girls can continue to grow and so that they don't feel like Christianity comes from foreigners."
The second group Julie is working to start is in a town called Cangrejo that has a population largely comprised of Haitian immigrants. Designed exclusively for girls who have been sexually abused, the group gives them a safe place to share their stories and begin healing process.
"In the future we are planning to start a girls′ group for all the girls from the community, similarly constructed to the group in Nazaret," Julie says.
Julie has felt called to the mission field ever since she was in high school, and over the past several years, God has also given her a passion for Latin-American culture. She came to Geneva after falling in love with the campus and community environment, and since then, her professors have nurtured her desire and ability to reach Spanish-speaking people with the gospel.
"This trip has just reinforced the goals that I already had, and the more time I spend in a latino country doing missions, the more I feel called to do it full-time in the future," she says.
© Geneva College | All rights reserved

subset: commoncrawl


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This wires, is it models or what?
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Abyss 048 is a single-player science-fiction horror modification for the critically acclaimed game Half-Life. Jump into a rich and mysterious storyline that spans multiple facilities, cities, and even countries. Lose yourself while exploring the horrors of the universe and the horrors of your mind. Feel the weight of the entire ocean above you as you plunge down to the astonishing depths of the ocean floor. Abandon yourself. Enter the abyss. Prepare to discover what the GoldSrc engine is truly capable of. Prepare to discover what you are truly capable of.
This wires, is it models or what?
The Wires are coded in, env_cable like source one.
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.
Yeah i´m a awfull guy... just changed stuff again xD


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To compliment the balance of the Warrior Products body armor accessories, our Half Doors are a complete replacement door assembly (not built to be an OEM replacement). Sold in pairs, each door comes with the proper paddle handle and mounting hardware for complete closure. Weather stripping is included to help prevent rattling (on applicable models only).
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Officials: OKC crews ready for potential flash floods
City lakes, rivers designed to not flood
Oklahoma City crews are working around to clock to make sure streets, creeks and lakes are ready for potential flash floods.
The city's lakes and rivers are designed to not flood, but that doesn't mean it's impossible. While the rain is important the properties of homes and businesses, fighting fires and even to drink it can also be dangerous, even deadly.
"It's dangerous, just look at what happened this last go around. We lost a family due to flash flooding," said Randal Moulder, OKC Streets, Traffic and Drainage Maintenance superintendent.
Powerful storms can create temporary high water and flooding.
"They need to be quite aware of how dangerous and how quickly the water can come up. You can end up in a dangerous situation," said Moulder.
Lakes Hefner and Overholser are full, but experts say they don't pose a threat for flooding.
"When their full we just maintain the lake levels and let that runoff water go downstream and serve other communities," said Debbie Ragan with the OKC Utilities Department.
The city will close roads, put out hazard signs to warn drivers and encourage them to stay out of low lying areas.
"The city is continually improving creeks, channels and bridges to make sure that we don't have water going over the tops of bridges," said Eric Wenger, OKC Public Works director.
Crews already have a plan in place long before the first raindrops fall.
"It's always possible with severe weather that something could happen and the city is ready to respond," said Wenger.
The city has a rainy day fund in the event of an emergency.


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86 Proof
Gin is a clear spirit that generally mixes well with other ingredients and is a popular choice for both classic and modern cocktails. What sets gin apart from its clear spirits counter-parts are the various botanicals used for flavoring that give gin a distinct taste. In order for a spirit to be called gin, it must be distilled from grains or malt and, most importantly, it must be flavored with juniper berries.
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Tsum Tsum - R2D2 - R2D Licious Blueberry
Special Price $2.99 Regular Price $4.95
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Tsum Tsum - R2D2 - R2D Licious Blueberry is rated out of 5 by 116.
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Date published: 2019-03-25
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Date published: 2019-09-23
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Date published: 2019-03-25
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Date published: 2018-07-14
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Date published: 2017-04-14
Rated 4 out of 5 by Anonymous from Come to the Dark Side Flavor Upon second tasting this one isn't as bitter as when I first tried it. It does leave my mouth feeling like there's a film in it after I lick my lips though. I like this one more for the looks than the taste. Uh, be careful that this one doesn't open and smear all over the things in your purse or backpack though.
Date published: 2018-07-14


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Learn by doing. In a classroom-based class, you often learn by listening. Online courses are different. Instead of learning by listening, you will learn by doing- by reading, writing, and other learning activities designed by your instructor. If most of your other classes are lecture-based, this will be a big change for you! Are you ready for this new kind of learning experience? It's a good idea to be prepared for this basic difference between the online course "classroom" and the usual university lecture hall. It may take some getting used to at first, but for many students, this "active learning" can actually be much more effective than the passive learning that happens when you just sit and listen to a lecture.
Start off strong! It's a great idea to get off to a strong start in your online course. You might have less work in your other classes at the beginning of the semester, so use that bit of extra time to explore your online course. Read through all the online materials that your instructor has made available, and browse through future readings and assignments. Start to get to know the instructor and the other students in the class, and this will make the whole course go more smoothly for you.
Connect to your life experiences! If you can relate the readings and course activities to issues and questions in your own life, you are more likely to remember what you are reading. So take a few minutes to think about those connections: how does what you are studying in class right now relate to your own life experiences? And don't be shy to share those experiences with other students in the class as part of the online class discussion. Online courses usually provide many more opportunities for you to share your life experiences than in the traditional classroom, where the clock is ticking and there is not time for everyone to have a chance to speak up. If you can find a way to share your experiences with other students in the class, the class will be a richer learning experience for everyone involved.
Learn by example. It comes as a big surprise to many online students that they actually have more contact with their fellow students online than they would in the regular classroom. This is because there are all kinds of ways for students to interact online: discussion board, email, group activities, etc. It can be fun to meet your students - and it can also be a great way to broaden your learning experience. Observe the other students in class and see how you can learn from what they are doing. In what ways are the other students doing really good work that you would like to emulate? What specific styles and qualities can you find in their work that make a big impression on you? In every class there are usually some really exceptional students you can learn from, and you will probably have more of a chance to observe and interact with those students online than you ever do in the regular classroom.
Accept and value feedback and criticism. Many online courses give many more opportunities for personal feedback than you would receive in a traditional classroom. You will receive grades in your online course, but you might also encounter other kinds of feedback that might be new to you. For example, your fellow students might be reading and responding to your work. You might receive more comments than usual (both formal and informal) from your instructor. There might be non-credit quizzes and exercises decided to help you test your knowledge of the subject, without being part of your actual grade. Any kind of feedback you receive can help you assess how much you are learning - take advantage of all of these opportunities to help you monitor your progress!
Be aware of deadlines. Make sure you understand the deadline for your course assignments. Check the course syllabus to find the instructor's policy about late work: are there any circumstances under which late work is allowed? If your instructor has a strict policy about deadlines (and that is the case with most online instructors), you need to be fully aware of this from the beginning of the semester.
Don't procrastinate! While there is a deadline for every assignment, this does not mean that you should wait until the day of the deadline to begin working on the assignment. There are no advantages to waiting until just before the deadline, but there are many advantages to working in advance. By working in advance you have plenty of time to accommodate unexpected problems, like trouble with your computer, needing help with the assignment, change in your work schedule, etc. If you wait until the last minute, and then some kind of problem comes up, you might end up missing out on the assignment entirely.
How do online classes compare to on-campus classes?
Online classes developed and offered by the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater are fully accredited, count toward degree requirements, and are academically equivalent to the same class offered on-campus.
How are online classes similar to on-campus classes?
Online classes are similar to on-campus classes in the following ways:
How are online classes different from on-campus classes?
Online classes are different from on-campus classes in the following ways:
How does an online class work?
In many ways, online classes work the same way as on-campus classes. First, students must be admitted to UW-Whitewater. You then can register online during open registration. Classes begin the first day of the semester or academic period. Students are expected to log into the virtual classroom at the beginning of the first week of classes to begin their online orientation and course work..
How do I communicate with my online instructor?
You will probably use a variety of ways to communicate with your instructor, including email, online discussion forums, and chat rooms. Students may make appointments for a face-to-face appointment with their instructor. Your instructor's contact information can be found in the course syllabus, and the instructor will explain to the class what the preferred modes of communication will be.
How do I communicate with other students in my online course?
Depending on what your instructor prefers, you may communicate with your fellow students with the same methods that you use to communicate with your instructor, i.e., email, online discussion forums, and chat rooms.
How is my progress in an online course evaluated?
Your instructor will use many of the same evaluation strategies that are used in on-campus classes. You will be able to submit written papers and assignments online, and you may also take quizzes and exams online. Your participation in discussion forums and other class activities may be recorded and might form part of your grade. Check with your instructor to find out exactly how grades will be assigned for your online course.
Do I have to come to campus for exams?
Maybe. Most faculty evaluate student work through a variety of other means. However, there may be some cases when an online class requires that you take a proctored or supervised exam. If there is any required on-campus participation for your online course, this will be noted in your course information.
This document was modified from materials created by the University of Oklahoma.


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Additional academic support for student-athletes in place as the new school year and athletic seasons beginUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
UH Manoa Chancellor's Office
Lois Manin, (808) 956-7523
UH Manoa Athletics
New guidelines and procedures will be in place for student-athletes this fall as the University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa seeks to improve academic support programs for students during the school year.
"Our goal is to raise the NCAA Graduation Success Rate and team Academic Progress Rates to above the 50th percentile among Division I institutions nationwide," said Manoa Chancellor Denise Konan.
"We are constantly looking for ways to improve the academic support services for our student-athletes," Manoa Athletics Director Herman Frazier said. "We need to ensure they receive the proper tools to guide them towards a degree from the University of Hawaii. These elements serve as another step towards accomplishing success in the classroom."
Elements of the new plan include:
1. Establishing a process to review the applications for admission of athletes who may not meet all of the normal admission criteria to make sure all of students who enroll are capable of college work, and to make sure that appropriate academic support is available.
2. Establishing a policy under which a student athlete will lose a scholarship if the student is not in good academic standing for two semesters in a row.
3. Allowing student athletes to travel to away games only if they in good academic standing.
4. Scheduling travel for road trips to minimize lost class time.
5. Scheduling practices and other team activities to avoid prime class times (8:30 a.m. -1:30 p.m.), and making class attendance mandatory, with no missed classes allowed for home practices.
A process for requesting exceptions has been developed to meet out-of-the-ordinary circumstances.
Chancellor Konan noted, "As we worked on these guidelines there was minimal talk about ʻupper campus' and ʻlower campus.' We're very committed to the academic success of all of our students no matter what kinds of activities they engage in outside the classroom."
The Chancellor added, "We think we have a workable plan to help our student athletes, and our academic support staff will be monitoring the impact of these new procedures through the coming school year to make adjustments if necessary."
# # # # # # # #
Academic Plan for Athletics
Our goal: to raise our NCAA Graduation Success Rate and our team Academic Progress Rates until they are above the 50th percentile among Division I Institutions nationwide.
1. Applications from prospective student-athletes who do not meet the expected criteria but who might still qualify for admission will be discussed by a committee consisting of the Admissions Director, the Assistant Vice-Chancellor for Undergraduate Education, the Learning Specialist Academic Advisor from Student Athlete Academic Services, and two faculty to be named by the Vice-Chancellor for Academic Affairs (VCAA) in accordance with Article 6, section 3 of the Faculty Senate By-Laws. The Director of Student Affairs for Athletics will serve as a non-voting member to assist the committee. This committee will make a recommendation on admission based on the student's academic record and all other information pertinent to the student's likelihood of success and on the availability of appropriate academic support. The final decision on admission will be made by the Admissions Office. The committee will report to the VCAA and the Faculty Senate Committee on Athletics each year on the academic progress of the applicants that it considered.
2. The Athletics Department will incorporate into its scholarship policies and place into
the Student-Athlete Handbook a statement that if a student-athlete becomes academically ineligible for two semesters in a row, his or her scholarship will not be renewed. The Department will allow such a student to petition for reinstatement of his or her scholarship upon presentation of a plan for regaining academic eligibility which must be approved by the coach, the Athletics Director, and the Chair of Student Athlete Academic Services (SAAS). The student also maintains his or her right to appeal the non-renewal of scholarship to the Director of Financial Aid Services.
3. Student-athletes that travel to compete must be fulfilling their academic responsibilities and making satisfactory academic progress during the current semester, as determined by SAAS.
4. When scheduling regular season road trips, missed class time will be minimized. When competing in the Pacific Time Zone, the team should leave no earlier than 48 hours in advance of the competition. When competing in the Mountain Time Zone, the team should leave no earlier than 60 hours in advance of the competition. When competing in the Central Time Zone, the team should leave no earlier than 72 hours in advance of the competition. When competing in the Eastern Time Zone, the team should leave no earlier
than 84 hours in advance of the competition. In extenuating circumstances when travel entails additional class days missed, exceptions may be made to this policy with the approval of the Athletics Director and the Assistant Vice-Chancellor for Undergraduate Education.
5. In general, practices and other team activities will not be scheduled during prime class times (8:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m.). Class attendance is mandatory, and classes cannot be missed for home practices. Exceptions to the scheduling policy may be granted with the approval of the Athletics Director and the Assistant Vice-Chancellor for Undergraduate Education.


text:
Aston Martin has designed three special-edition DB9 models named Carbon Black, Quantum Silver and Morning Frost.
The Carbon Black and Quantum Silver models are both sport editions with a six-speed Touchtronic II automatic transmission and a remapped sports exhaust that provides a more evocative sound, the automaker said.
Both cars come equipped with 19-inch, black 10-spoke wheels, a black grille and graphite tailpipes. The black theme continues with an obsidian black interior that includes a semi-aniline leather roof lining, coarse silver stitching and polished-glass switches.
The Morning Frost version also comes equipped with a Touchtronic II transmission but is designed as a luxury edition. The car wears pearlescent white paint and 19-inch silver, 10-spoke wheels, silver brake calipers and a silver grille. The metallic bronze interior is equipped with a piano-black center console and perforated seat inners.
Each special edition comes with a laser-etched sill plaque with the name of the editions and the Aston Martin insignia. The special editions are available to order at Aston Martin dealerships.


text:
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text:
WASHINGTON � A measure of Americans who signed contracts to buy homes increased last month to its highest level in two and a half years, the latest sign of improvement in the once-battered housing market.
The National Association of Realtors says its seasonally adjusted pending home sales index rose 1.7 percent in November from October to 106.4. That�s the highest since April 2010, when a homebuyer tax credit caused a spike in sales. And after excluding those few months when the tax credit was available, it�s the best reading since February 2007.
The increase points to higher sales of previously occupied homes in the coming months. There�s generally a one- to two-month lag between a signed contract and a completed sale.


text:
Editor's note: At press time, Embarcadero Technologies released ER/Studio XE, the successor to ER/Studio Enterprise 8.5. Although there wasn't enough time to review ER/Studio XE for this comparison, it'll be reviewed in a future issue.
Data modeling software can help you get a picture of what your database environment looks like and what it contains. It can also help you design databases and generate code. Despite the sometimes hefty price tags of data modeling packages, they're true productivity tools because they significantly shorten the time it takes to perform tasks. Tasks that took weeks take only days, and tasks that took days take only hours.
Data modeling software typically requires a long learning curve because of the complex capabilities built into it. But a good data modeling software package should have a relatively straightforward "getting started" path. It should also provide most, if not all, of the following features:
- Ability to capture and define business terms (i.e., a glossary)
- Ability to capture and document business requirements
- Ability to capture and document business processes
- Support for multiple database platforms (not just SQL Server)
- Support for two levels (minimum) or three levels (optimum) of data modeling (i.e., conceptual, logical, and physical)
- Error checking on all model levels, based on industry standards for modeling best practices
- Ability to modify best practices to fit individual corporate standards
- Ability to customize and modify model templates to fit corporate presentation standards
- Ability to customize the file management system to fit corporate or personal needs
- Ability to reverse engineer, document, and inventory existing databases
- Ability to verify a model by comparing it to stored model standards, prior to generating SQL Data Definition Language (DDL) code
- Ability to forward engineer a database (i.e., create a new database or refactor an existing one), either by generating SQL DDL code or by creating a live database using ANSI-standard SQL code or the appropriate SQL dialect for the target database platform (user's choice).
- Ability to customize the structure of generated DDL code, such as defining keys and constraints that are internal or external to a table definition
- Ability to define and code file groups, partitions, users, roles, and other infrastructure artifacts
- Ability to define and code tables, columns, defaults, constraints, and other database artifacts
- Ability to define and code indexes, stored procedures, triggers, user-defined functions (UDFs), and other code-based artifacts
- Ability to compare database models at the physical level to map the differences between them
- Ability to share models in a team environment
- Ability to generate reports in multiple formats for publication and sharing
- Documentation in different types of media (e.g., print, online, video)
Using these features as criteria, I recently tested six popular data modeling packages:
- Quest Software's Toad Data Modeler for SQL Server 3.5, Xpert Edition
- Altova's DatabaseSpy 2011, Enterprise Edition
- Datanamic Solutions' DeZign for Databases 6.2, Expert Edition
- Embarcadero Technologies' ER/Studio Enterprise 8.5
- CA's ERwin Data Modeler (DM) 7.3
- Sybase's PowerDesigner Studio Enterprise 15.2
Most of the data modeling packages I evaluated have the core features I just mentioned. If a product doesn't have a feature or if it has a special extended feature, I note it in the individual reviews that follow. I also created a chart that compares the six products' features. Table 1 contains that chart.
Note that each vendor has its own nomenclature when referring to the components in their software. To simplify the product evaluations, I use generic terms (e.g., tree view, workspace) in the individual reviews and the product comparison chart.
Toad Data Modeler for SQL Server 3.5, Xpert Edition
Installing Toad was incredibly easy and straightforward. However, the Toad installation dumps everything on the C drive. It would be better if the user could decide on the default file location.
Toad uses the conventional data modeling layout—that is, a tree view on the left, a message area at the bottom, and a workspace that takes up most of the screen's real estate. In Toad, the tree view contains multiple tabs, with each tab containing a project that you've brought into your workspace, plus the various artifacts that belong to the project (e.g., file groups, partition schemes, entities and attributes, relationships, views). The tabbed workspace is where the data model is displayed and edited. The message area contains two small windows: Application View and Message Explorer. Application View is a brief replicate of the tree view. It lets you quickly switch from one view of the model to another by means of a tab. Message Explorer is the log file. It displays errors, warnings, and any other messages that Toad needs to relay to the user.
Toad has some neat features, such as a place for notes in the tree view. You can literally build a punch list of things to do, which is necessary because of the numerous steps involved when creating a new database or refactoring an old one. Toad has a lot of right-click menus that are context-sensitive. Those menus and keyboard shortcuts make repetitive actions fast and easy.
Toad doesn't have a centralized repository for team development, but it does have version control. You need to be in Expert Mode to use versioning, and only projects can take part in the version control system. Shifting Toad into Expert Mode also lets you write and edit scripts, customize package features, and do other advanced tasks.
One productivity feature I really like is the rollover highlighting of primary-to-foreign-key relationships. When you place the cursor on a relationship line, the parent and child columns in the related tables are highlighted—no guessing or searching needed. Managing the model in the workspace is easy and straightforward. For example, getting relationship lines untangled is as simple as right-clicking, selecting Straighten All Lines, right-clicking again, and choosing Change Lines to Right Angle. No data modeling package that I know of produces a compact auto-layout, but Toad's screen management makes re-organizing and re-orienting artifacts easy.
Color-coding of the keys is another feature that I really like. A red key indicates a primary identifier/key. (There's no problem with identity properties, as the property window is fully compliant with SQL Server.) A green key indicates a foreign key.
Toad isn't perfect, though:
- File placement and path control are a struggle, especially once you're under version control. If you deviate from the default location, file management is nearly impossible, even after modifying the Paths entries in the Options page on the Settings menu.
- Placing relationship lines can be troublesome when creating a model. For clarity, you need to have absolute control over where the relationship lines are positioned in the model, and Toad doesn't offer that.
- The Help files aren't inclusive. While working with the model, I encountered unfamiliar terms, but I couldn't find any explanation of those terms in the local Help files.
- Right-clicking to locate the artifact in the tree view doesn't always locate it in the workspace view. When you're dealing with a data model of any size, being able to quickly find a specific object in the model view is a necessity and not just a "nice to have" feature.
- The print facility seemed to be crippled. I couldn't print in landscape mode.
Toad is available in the Professional, Xpert, and Development Suite editions. It's also offered as a freeware package, which is limited to a maximum of five users within an organization.
Quest Software Toad Data Modeler for SQL Server 3.5, Xpert Edition
PROS: Intuitive to use; designed to appeal to developers and DBAs; version control for managing models
CONS: No way to map to requirements; no support for conceptual data modeling; file placement can be a struggle
RATING: 3 diamonds out of 5
RECOMMENDATION: This fun-to-use tool will keep DBAs and developers on their toes and help them do more with less. It's a good entry-level tool for aspiring data architects.
CONTACT: Quest Software · 949-754-8000 or 800-306-9329 · www.quest.com
DatabaseSpy 2011, Enterprise Edition
Installing DatabaseSpy was straightforward, but I had to connect to a live SQL Server machine as part of the startup process. For this review, I was connecting to a remote server with a SQL Server logon. I was prompted for both local and remote credentials, which got a little confusing until I figured out what DatabaseSpy wanted.
DatabaseSpy suffers from an identity crisis. It's like SQL Server Management Studio's (SSMS's) Database Diagrams tool (aka the SQL Diagrammer) combined with Red Gate Software's SQL Compare and SQL Data Compare, plus a report builder. In DatabaseSpy's UI, there are various tree views that resemble SSMS and Visual Studio. The workspace, which is used for editing the database tables, resembles the SQL Diagrammer. There's a separate overview window, which lets you pan the workspace, and a query window, which you can use to query live data. Like the SQL Diagrammer, you're connected to a live database, so changes made to the schema are immediately reflected in reality.
The entire DatabaseSpy model is loaded into memory, which results in speedy editing and display. However, this can be problematic if you have large databases (large in the sense of having many objects in the schema) or a client computer with limited memory. While the load wizard is working, you can't access the Help files or any other DatabaseSpy feature because the load wizard is modal.
DatabaseSpy supports only the physical model, so you can only edit existing objects or add new objects to the database that you're connected to. Because you're connected to a live database, you can inadvertently modify tables and columns and cause chaos (or worse) in a development or production system. I found other problems as well:
- The metadata isn't readily revealed, and there's no lineage tracing capability.
- You can't create new databases.
- In the workspace, scrolling and object resizing is neither efficient nor effective.
- The software package itself was fairly unstable. It appeared to hang multiple times, even though I was using the 64-bit version of the product, which should have enhanced memory management.
- Aborting the Help file aborted the entire software package, which resulted in a loss of work.
DatabaseSpy comes in two editions: Enterprise and Professional. Both are available in 64-bit versions at no extra cost. You can purchase DatabaseSpy separately or as part of a package called the MissionKit 2011 for Software Architects.
Altova DatabaseSpy 2011, Enterprise Edition
PROS: SQL Diagrammer-style layout; in-memory modeling provides speedy editing and display
CONS: Must be connected to a live database; in-memory modeling limits size of database; supports only the physical model; no way to create new databases
RATING: 1 diamond out of 5
PRICE: Starts at $189 (if purchased separately) or $1,739 (if purchased as part of the MissionKit 2011 for Software Architects)
RECOMMENDATION: It's SQL Diagrammer on steroids but not a true data modeling tool.
CONTACT: Altova · 978-816-1600 or 43-1-545-5155 · www.altova.com
DeZign for Databases 6.2, Expert Edition
Installing DeZign for Databases was very easy and seamless. After you plug in the license code and key, the DeZign application opens with a sample entity relationship diagram (ERD) in the workspace, giving the experienced user a good first impression and the new user a sense of place and purpose. DeZign is set up in the conventional data modeling layout.
I was struck by the high comfort level I encountered with DeZign. The visual query builder for views makes creating views a snap, and the ability to set object naming standards (and other options) by project is wonderful. Generated code is arranged in correct hierarchy order. For example, the code deletes any constraints before deleting the tables to which they apply.
There's also a high level of ease in managing models. For instance, there's a function that lets you search for and replace data types across a model, which makes data-type management a snap. And a drag-screen feature makes it easy to move around in a large model.
Switching platforms (e.g., SQL Server to Oracle) is very easy, but it comes with a caveat: The code that's going to be generated will be in the dialect of the original platform. DeZign has a few other drawbacks as well:
- It lacks F1 context-sensitive Help support, and the existing Help options are too limited. DeZign could use more extensive Help menus and video tutorials.
- There's no format painter, so you can't copy and paste formats from one artifact to another.
- During model validation, the schema checker failed to note data inconsistencies between artifacts, which subsequently caused the execution of a generated script to fail.
- You can't create a new folder when relocating data files.
- There's no function (F) key or menu option for showing the entire model, which is essential for navigating very large models.
- You can't set standards for the enterprise, such as the seed and increment values for an identity property
DeZign comes in three editions: Standard, Professional, and Expert. The Expert Edition is the version for both data architects and enterprise architects. (Want to know how these two positions differ? See the web-exclusive sidebar "What's the Difference Between a Data Architect and an Enterprise Architect?") You can purchase DeZign separately or as part of a package called the DBTools Bundle Expert Edition.
Datanamic Solutions DeZign for Databases 6.2, Expert Edition
PROS: Extremely easy to use and manage, which translates into high productivity
CONS: No way to modify built-in standards for model or reports; no way to set enterprise defaults; not enough choices on how to generate code for supertype-subtype entities
RATING: 3.5 diamonds out of 5
PRICE: Starts at $799 (if purchased separately) or $899 (if purchased as part of DBTools Bundle Expert Edition)
RECOMMENDATION: If you're already comfortable with data modeling software, if you have your own method of collecting and documenting requirements, and if you don't need to customize standards, then this is a best buy.
CONTACT: Datanamic Solutions · 31-0-71-5140901 · datanamic.com
ER/Studio Enterprise 8.5
ER/Studio Enterprise is a big download file, so make sure you have a lot of room on your local disk before starting the process. During the install, you have to set up a user account on the Embarcadero Technologies website.
ER/Studio has so much flexibility and so many features that it'll take years for anyone to grow into it. Data architects who need to maintain strong standards will love the domain control built into it. When you create an entity, you can choose from a prepopulated data dictionary of domains instead of creating every attribute from scratch. The data dictionary contains standard, re-useable attributes similar to user-defined data types, which have the same data type/length, definition/meaning, rules, and constraints, no matter where they're used in the model.
The software uses the conventional data modeling layout. There are multiple ways to navigate large models. The Overview screen gives you a birds-eye view of the entire model. The Pan feature lets you pan the model directly. The Zoom window enlarges whichever artifact your cursor is passing over.
ER/Studio generates both Data Manipulation Language (DML) code, which creates the database schema, and DDL code for selects, inserts, updates and deletes, with triggers to handle updates and deletes of a parent with children and children without a parent. ER/Studio produces the cleanest generated SQL code of all the products I reviewed. In my test, the DDL code executed without a single change required.
There are a few things about ER/Studio that bug me, but not many:
- Many-to-many relationships at the logical level are treated as unresolvable, which isn't a true statement. When you migrate a logical model to its physical counterpart in any relational database, the many-to-many relationship resolves to a join table (also called an intersection entity) with foreign key attributes inherited from the two parents. Therefore, the unresolvable assumption that ER/Studio makes at the logical level is erroneous.
- I couldn't connect to a remote SQL Server machine until I had it registered with my local copy of SSMS. This might be problematic for shops in which data modelers aren't allowed or choose not to use SSMS.
- The Zoom In and Zoom Out options don't work correctly. I had to use the Zoom Window to zoom in on artifacts.
ER/Studio Enterprise is a productivity suite that contains five ER/Studio software packages: Data Architect, Business Architect, Software Architect, Portal, and Repository. Data Architect and Business Architect can be purchased as standalone products, as can several ER/Studio add-ons. The evaluation copy I received shipped with a central repository and a user portal, which I didn't review.
Embarcadero Technologies ER/Studio Enterprise 8.5
PROS: Strong support for standards, domains, data lineage, and metadata tracking; excellent screen management tools
CONS: High cost; long learning curve; having to register a remote SQL Server machine with the locally installed version of SSMS
RATING: 4 diamonds out of 5
PRICE: $5,100, plus $1,260 for annual maintenance (required)
RECOMMENDATION: Although pricey, its awesome model management features make it highly suitable for data architects.
CONTACT: Embarcadero Technologies · 415-834-3131 · www.embarcadero.com
ERwin DM 7.3
Installing and setting up ERwin DM was easy, although the download took a long time. ERwin employs the conventional data modeling layout.
Features such as the data-type standards editor and the report template builder add much value to this package. For the busy data modeler, being able to view all the instances of a single type of artifact (e.g., all tables, all columns) in a single list and being able to check or edit their common properties is a terrific timesaver. Coupling ERwin DM with its Saphir option can help anyone struggling with extracting metadata from popular third-party ERP packages.
When creating logical models, you can use the conventional logical data types (e.g., BLOB, string) or more detailed, platform-specific data types (e.g., tinyint, int). You would use logical data types if you planned to push your logical model to more than one type of physical platform, such as pushing it to SQL Server and Oracle. The SQL query tool is handy if you have to view the data in a connected database. Rather than using SSMS, you can view it directly in Erwin DM. The model comparison wizard is one of the cleanest and easiest to work with that I've found.
ERwin DM doesn't support any version of SQL Server prior to SQL Server 2000. The workaround is to script out the database into a DDL file, then reverse engineer from that file. I couldn't dispose of models without first saving them to disk, then using WinExplorer to delete the file, which seemed unnecessarily convoluted. Other annoyances and problems include:
- The workspace is tabbed, but if you have multiple models open at the same time, you can't simply click from tab to tab. You have to choose which model to display from the top menu, which is a little counter-intuitive, given the multiple tab presentation in the workspace.
- The product lacks a direct zoom capability. You can't click the zoom tool and apply it to a single artifact. Instead, the entire screen zooms in or out. This is a tremendous oversight, especially since I couldn't find a way to center the object that I wanted to see close-up.
- The Domain Dictionary window can't be resized, necessitating you to scroll back and forth for attribute/column properties, which is annoying.
- Child windows, such as the Index Manager, aren't readily identified in the window banner, leading to confusion.
- Model validation features aren't integrated into ERwin DM, which I found very disconcerting. To validate a model, you need the ERwin Data Model Validator package, which you must purchase separately.
- When I created a new logical model, I had difficulty finding the forward engineering option in the menus. (It's labeled as derive model.)
- When I pushed the logical model to a physical model, I couldn't find the Check Model/Validate SQL option or the Forward Engineer option mentioned in the online Help file.
- I failed to figure out how to generate SQL code.
CA offers the Erwin DM Community Edition, a freeware version of ERwin DM. CA also offers several other modeling products (e.g., ERwin Data Model Validator, ERwin Model Manager) that you can purchase.
CA ERwin Data Modeler 7.3
PROS: Artifacts easy to use and manage; strong standards editors; has SQL query tool
CONS: Doesn't contain all the operations critical to basic data modeling; non-standard option names; non-intuitive modeling behaviors
RATING: 3 diamonds out of 5
RECOMMENDATION: The functionality necessary for data modeling is too fragmented among separate packages. If you were to purchase the other packages in addition to Erwin DM, you'd have a good data architect toolkit.
CONTACT: CA · 631-342-6000 or 800 225-5224 · erwin.com
PowerDesigner Studio Enterprise 15.2
The PowerDesigner installation DVD comes with a set of video tutorials that really help the new user get started. (Even existing customers who upgrade will find the tutorials helpful because there are so many new features in version 15.) Installation was a non-event. PowerDesigner uses the conventional data modeling layout.
The newest version of PowerDesigner offers enterprise architecture modeling, with support for multiple enterprise architecture frameworks such as the Zachman Framework, The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), and Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF). Plus, you can build your own custom framework. Enterprise architecture models let you map all organizational systems and processes, aligning stakeholders from all parts of the business (and not just technology) with strategies and goals. You can organize models by project, create shortcuts for documents, and relocate documents all from the PowerDesigner UI. You can link models within a project.
In addition to all the conventional modeling notations, PowerDesigner strongly supports the object-oriented (OO) world. For example, the OO model supports class, object, use case, collaboration, sequence, statechart, activity, component, deployment, and composite structure diagrams.
PowerDesigner has strong large-model management capabilities as well. For example, you can divide model components (e.g., table artifacts, relationships) into packages, which are a form of submodel. Packages can be nested. File and artifact management is extremely easy. You can use a form for creating and editing tables and their associated artifacts (columns, keys, indexes), or you can use the grid-like list layout, which is extremely customizable. There is a centralized repository, with check-in and check-out capabilities. The model's find operation automatically presents the target artifact in close-up mode, so it's easy to manage.
Individual or organizational preferences, such as display preferences for the model, are easily modifiable, with a large library of options. There's strong support for domain data typing. You can create data domains and use them across all model levels. There's equally strong support for modeling standards, which are set by default to industry best practices, but they're completely customizable. The impact analysis capabilities (both cross-model and lineage) are amazing. After you've modeled the enterprise, you can run an impact analysis to display downstream and upstream impacts of a change across the enterprise.
The report wizard makes report generation quick and straightforward. The generated reports are hyperlinked—the metadata links to the relevant artifact and vice versa. Reports are saved with the model, after which you can edit them in the Report Editor. Report templates are customizable.
In the requirement model, artifacts can be linked to other model artifacts for traceability. The optional repository, which is a central storage location for all models, is secure. A login is required, and individuals or groups can be assigned specific permissions. You can browse through the artifacts in the repository and edit them after extraction. Conflict resolution management upon check-in lets you reject, overwrite, or merge changes from multiple modelers. There is a web-based user portal for the repository and a search engine.
Even this most elegant of data modeling software has faults:
- Relationship line management can be awkward, even difficult.
- It doesn't have an option that lets you view all the artifacts for models, which are split into packages.
- The trial period is only 15 days. Due to the complexity of the software, 15 days isn't enough time to get acquainted with the core capabilities, much less the extraordinary set of features that support enterprise architecture.
Until you've used this product long enough so that you recognize its power, it's hard to develop a viable argument for the purchase price.
PowerDesigner is the only product of those reviewed that goes beyond data analysis and modeling. It reaches out to the enterprise and lets you model the organization. In addition, you can tie documents (static and otherwise) and databases into the organizational framework model. PowerDesigner is by far the most complete organizational modeling package on the market. Right out of the box, you can model business communications, city planning, organization charts, process maps, application architecture, service-oriented designs, and the technology infrastructure in your shop, with no need to purchase additional products.
Sybase PowerDesigner Studio Enterprise 15.2
PROS: Supports the Zachman Framework; supports the entire Unified Modeling Language (UML) spectrum; integrates database and application schema and logic; maps requirements to database artifacts; full standards modification and enforcement capabilities
CONS: High cost; long learning curve
RATING: 5 diamonds out of 5
RECOMMENDATION: If you need an extremely high level of capability and functionality that will enable you to model the enterprise, this is the software for you.
Contact: Sybase (an SAP company) · 925-236-5000 or 800-792-2735 · www.sybase.com
Editor's Choice
All the data modeling packages I reviewed aim to ease your workload and help you create a better work product deliverable. Some achieve these goals better than others. The product that will work best for you depends on your job duties and your budget.
The reviewed software falls into two general categories:
- A classic package that's meant for serious data or enterprise architects who are responsible for all seven steps of the database lifecycle (i.e., discover, design, develop, deploy, day-to-day, defend, and decommission).
- A lighter-weight product that's targeted at developers and DBAs who might need to only inventory or refactor existing databases.
PowerDesigner Studio Enterprise, DeZign for Databases, ER/Studio Enterprise, and ERwin Data Modeler are classic packages, whereas Toad Data Modeler for SQL Server and DatabaseSpy are lighter-weight products.
For DBAs and developers, I recommend Toad Data Modeler, despite my struggles with file management. The package is intuitive, so it's easy to learn and use. It's also built to enforce modeling best practices, so it'll help grow your modeling skills. Besides, it's just plain fun to use.
For data architects, I recommend one of two products. If your primary driver for choice is budget, go with DeZign for Databases. It has tons of capabilities with a high comfort and productivity factor, and is clearly a best buy. However, if your primary driver is standards enforcement, go with ER/Studio Enterprise. This is the most powerful software package for data architects that I evaluated.
For the enterprise architect, I recommend PowerDesigner Studio Enterprise. It's an elegant product with numerous capabilities, which is why it deserves the title of "Editor's Choice." It'll probably be a few years before you learn how to take full advantage of it, but during that time, it'll guide you into using industry-standard best practices and help you hone your enterprise architect skill set.


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ALEX Toys Rub a Dub Tub Tunes, Water Piano
by ALEX Toys
Please check your favorite toy retailer for availability. Prices may vary.
Buy Online:
Product Description
Tickle the ivories with this musical bath tub toy! This frog-shaped piano floats in the bath! Learn music and an early appreciation for piano! This bathtub instrument comes with 4 music sheets and a music holder. Use it out of the bath too!
There are no reviews yet.


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Minister with Responsibility for Defence publishes independent review into the circumstances surrounding the death of Private Hugh Doherty and the disappearance of Private Caomhán Seoighe on 27 April 1981.
The Minister with Responsibility for Defence, Mr. Paul Kehoe, T.D., today published the independent review into the circumstances surrounding the death of Private Hugh Doherty and the disappearance of Private Caomhán Seoighe on 27 April, 1981, while serving with the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). Retired High Court Judge, Mr. Roderick Murphy was appointed in January 2015 to conduct the independent review. The final report was submitted to the Minister earlier this year and is now being published following consultation with the Attorney General's office on all appropriate matters.
Commenting on the Report, Minister Kehoe stated: "I want to thank Mr. Roderick Murphy for his thorough and very frank report. His determination in conducting extensive archival searches and in consulting with witnesses, ensures that this report is comprehensive and covers all the relevant issues. The report identifies a number of failings and shortcomings in the Defence Forces operation in UNIFIL at that time. It also highlights the manner in which these two soldiers were deployed in an isolated location. This should never have happened".
The Minister went on to say "I accept the findings and recommendations contained in the report and I want to assure the families, friends and colleagues of these two young soldiers, that important lessons have been learnt for the future. Errors that occurred at the time of the incident and, also, in the way the subsequent investigations were conducted and communicated, or indeed, not communicated, must never be repeated. In that regard, I am assured that many of the issues raised in the report have been addressed in the intervening years".
The Chief of Staff of the Defence Forces, Vice Admiral Mark Mellett stated "I can assure both families that the hard lessons the Defence Forces have learned from this tragic event continue to shape how we train and prepare our personnel for overseas service today and into the future".
In his report, Mr. Roderick Murphy acknowledged that he had received the fullest co-operation from the Department of Defence and the Defence Forces in the course of conducting his review.
Copies of the report were provided to the Doherty and Seoighe families ahead of publication to allow them time to consider the findings. The Minister met both families in Galway last week, to give them a copy of the report, to go through the recommendations and hear the families concerns. Speaking in light of that meeting, the Minister said "I want to repeat my apology to both families for the pain and suffering they endured following the tragic loss of their loved ones and I would like to thank them for their patience and cooperation in the completion of this review. I would also like to appeal to the media to respect the privacy of both families following the publication of the report ".


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via press release:
TBS, CBS, TNT AND truTV MOST-WATCHED TOURNAMENT SINCE 2005 AVERAGING 9.1 MILLION TOTAL VIEWERS
CBS Sports' and Turner Sports' exclusive live coverage of the 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship across TBS, CBS, TNT and truTV is the most-watched tournament since 2005, averaging 9.1 million total viewers, +11% from 8.2 million total viewers for CBS Sports' 2010 coverage. The overall tournament average-to-date, including the FIRST FOUR®, is a 5.9/13 rating/share, +13% from a 5.2/12 for 2010, according to Nielsen Fast Nationals.
The 5.9/13 ties with 2006 as the highest average rating for the NCAA Tournament through the Saturday regional finals since a 6.1/13 in 2005.
Coverage of the regional finals on CBS on Saturday, March 26 averaged 9.9 million total viewers, the highest viewer average for the Saturday regional finals since 2005 (when both games went to OT), and earned a household rating/share of 6.2/13 even with 2010.
Source: Nielsen Media Research, based on Fast National Data, Live +SD data stream. 2011 NCAA Tournament Dates, include First Four telecast gross. Dates of NCAA Tournament: 2011 3/15/11 – 3/26/11 vs 2010 3/18/10 – 3/27/10. 2011 averages based on weighted average of 4 telecast gross across CBS, TBS, TNT and truTV. Dates of the NCAA Tournament historical audiences, CBS 1994 through 2005 based on Live data. 2006 through 2010 based on Live + SD. 2003 based on CBS / ESPN average of First Round.


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Discover. Connect. Learn.
May 21, 2019
Books & Brews
Read More
Books & Brews Book Club
Books & Brews Book Club
The library is happy to partner with the Parks & Recreation Department and Peace Tree Brewing on this unique opportunity.
Registration Deadline is May 27th and must be done online through the Rec Department system.
- Home
- Musical Instruments & Gear
May 14, 2019
Author Talk with George Drake
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George Drake will present an author talk with readings and sign copies of his latest publication, "Mentor: Life and Legacy of Joe Rosenfield" on Tuesday, May 28th, from 4:00 to 5:00 pm, at Drake Community Library. Mr. Drake, for whom
May 24, 2019
Summer Hours Start Memorial Day Weekend
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The library is in our summer hours schedule beginning Memorial Day Weekend through Labor Day Weekend. We will be closed on Sunday, May 26 and Monday, May 27th. Enjoy the holiday!


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I've moved on from Call of Duty to Killzone Mercenary. Since CoD was my first FPS I pretty much thought it was great. While I still think it's a great addition and it seems that sales are finally picking up since they drastically reduced the price, it definitely under delivers on the VITA's promise. Killzone Mercenary definitely delivers as a solid FPS. I enjoyed the single player campaign a lot and was able to complete it at various levels from novice to veteran in a reasonable amount of time.
After running through the campaign several times I finally ventured into multi-player and all I can say is that playing against human players is a different beast. I'm pretty much dead meat and it seems that the most difficult of settings in the single campaign is poor preparation for the multi-player experience.
Suddenly, I was lost and slow while opponents take me out like a clay pigeon from every angle. My reaction is woefully slow and it feels like I'm moving in a freeze frame mode while the enemies are psychic. Now I know that in theory I need to work on my reflexes (to max out what's left of any minor genetic potential), to know the maps (especially the nooks where people can camp or sneak up on you), and improve accuracy (even when I get the jump on someone, missing a headshot gets you killed).
I avoided playing multi-player after several disasterous forays in CoD. In retrospect, that was stupid because no matter how much you suck, you can only improve. Right now I play on team matches knowing full well that I give a significant competitive advantage to the opponent. I'm also playing some rhythim games (DJMAX on the vita) to improve accuracy and timing (which seems to help quite bit) and also playing more multi-player.
Despite the difficulties, it's given new life to the game. Seeing how it's missing the hostile mode (my favorite feature in CoD where enemies are spawned in infinite waves until you die—even though you can go on forever by camping), it's turning out to be a blessing because I need to venture into multi-player to get that thrill. Killzone Mercenary just has better graphics and feels more like a proper shooter.
I just wish the PS VITA had more shooter games and proper franchise titles to choose from. One great thing about the PS4's successful launch is that the PS VITA is getting attention as an accessory to the PS4 since it allows you to remotely play PS4 titles right on your VITA. It helps you avoid fighting for the TV and is just convenient because you can play games anywhere in the house. It's made the VITA like the tablets (which are popular for web browsing around the house) of the gaming world.
In other news, any Playstation owner should definitely subscribe to PS Plus since you get free games every month for less than $5 per month. I've gotten Gravity Rush with this and have a bunch of games should I ever buy a PS3. While I enjoyed Gravity Rush, I would have never bought it for full price or a discount even though I enjoyed the unusual game play. I look forward to playing more games that I would otherwise not buy. Also, the ability to back up 1GB of game save data to the cloud lets you manage precious space on the VITA without connecting to a PC.
In addition to shooters I'm playing action games, racing games and some RPGs. I'm not sure gaming is doing anything significant to improve my abilities but I do notice some things.
- Mundane tasks like shopping are more fun when you think of it as a game.
- I'm more adept at navigating through crowds.
- I notice more subtle movements and am more aware of my environment without being more jumpy.
- I can remeber a random set of numbers longer (not sure where that came from).
- Faster at routine tasks and more likely to react quicker at critical moments.
Only time will tell if there are any spillovers into life and most of this might just be placebo but at the end of the day, I enjoy playing these games and that's good enough. Despite all the negative press and bad reputation games have with parents, games are really beneficial for a wide demographic (in moderation and balance). For older adults games help to keep your reaction times sharp and fulfill competitive urges that are either overlooked or crushed in every day life (you just can't take out your boss with a headshot and dance over his corpse).
In recent years lots of journalists and bloggers made a big deal about smartphones displacing console games. The amazing success of GTA V (reaching a billion dollars faster than the movie Avatar) and the successful launch of the PS4 (not to mention anticipation for Xbox One) is indication that gaming is far from dead. Although PS VITA sales may seem dissappointing despite great graphics and PS3-level power, you just can't beat a dedicated game machine with physical controls when it comes to the gaming experience. I do think that handheld consoles must compete at some level with smartphones and tablets (who wants to carry yet another device). However, the casual games with touch controls on the handheld are completely different beasts (despite some titles making unbelievable amounts of money, like Candy Crush and Clash of the Clans).
Personally, I think smartphone games will eventually spark more interest in consoles (that's certainly how I found myself meandering back to gaming after a very long hiatus). Console games are far from a dying art. Blockbuster game titles are becoming a cultural force in their own right (great storytelling combined with a player's ability to interact with the environment is a very powerful experience that no movie can ever replicate, not to mention that game graphics are rapidly approaching Hollywood level fidelity). Also, the median age of games is now in the 30s. That means more disposable income and kids. The current generation of young parents most likely grew up on games and do not have the same hangups about games in letting their children play. It's just that game developers and console manufacturers need to be aware of the bigger picture (social sharing, downloadable content, etc.) in creating a more compelling experience.


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New 2018-2019 Escape, Fusion, Explorer, F-150 and Focus Are Just a Few of the All-Star Names You'll Find at Haldeman Ford, Proudly Serving East Windsor, Wrightstown, Lawrence Township and Allentown
You're in the market for a new 2018-2019 car, but not just any new car: you're looking for something truly extraordinary. If that's the case, Haldeman Ford has just what you're looking for: a new Ford. Wrightstown and surrounding areas are home to many Ford drivers, and a quick glance at our new Ford inventory will tell you why. Models like the Escape, Fusion, Explorer, F-150 and Focus have been wowing drivers from greater East Windsor for years, and now it's your turn to share in the excitement. So be sure to have a look at our inventory listed below. Try sorting by various categories to narrow down the field a bit. And if you have any questions, be sure to ask us. We love answering them!
You've Found the Escape, Fusion, Explorer, F-150 or Focus that Speaks to You - What Comes Next? Visit our Dealership Near Wrightstown!
First and foremost: a test drive. This is your chance to explore the vehicle you're considering inside and out. Once you've decided for sure it's the model for you, it's time to talk financing. We'll discuss loan rates, lease options and everything that goes with them. After that, it's just a matter of time before you're driving your new car home, perfectly matched with a financing solution that meets your budget and needs.


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Is it time to move to a larger or smaller space? Whether choosing to move now or later, you should start asking the right questions today. Read more to help you evaluate relocating, map out the list of benefits you wish to gain, and what you'd prefer to leave behind in your current space.
Before your next move, consider streamlining to make your move simpler.
One of the biggest mistakes many make is clinging to clutter longer than
necessary. Most households acquire a host of cherished items over time.
Eventually, you may find yourself surrounded by more possessions than you can
handle in your next space.
When we think of stress, we usually assume it's caused by
specific events, tasks or scenarios. It's time to expand the way you think of
stress to include the effects clutter in your environment can have on your
mental AND physical health.
Preparing for the new adventure of retirement can be both
exciting and overwhelming. As you approach retirement it's common to make
decisions on what you want to do in the next phase of your life. Whether you
plan to age in place, move to a smaller home, or travel the world, there's one
common denominator; you should prepare for whatever you want to do.
One of the ways to prepare for retirement is rightsizing or
downsizing personal items through liquidation. According to financial wellness
experts at GreenPath.com, assets can include large items or small personal
items like jewelry and antiques.
March is the ultimate sign Spring is on the horizon. According to retail experts at Offers.com, March typically has a lull in sales for most consumer purchases, because "it's a month without major shopping holidays. But even without important commerce dates like Labor Day, Black Friday, and Cyber Monday, March does bring its share of noteworthy deals."
See our top items to purchase for the month of March to ensure you're shopping smart.


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Basic Flight Training Jun 13, 2020 Raleigh, nc
Kent Chivers
About this Class
We are so excited to have you in our basic flight training course. In this course, you will be immersed into the drone industry with one of our expert instructors. The course features the following:
- 3 Outdoor Flight Sessions
- 8 Hours of In-Person Training
- Use of our DJI Phantom
- Access to Our Chief Pilot for Questions
- Class Limited to 8 Students
- A Great Option For Both Beginner and Experienced Pilots
- Access to Online Drones for Beginners Course
When you sign up, you will receive an email with all the details you need including pre-course materials such as access to our Drones for Beginners online course, a pre-flight checklist, a flight log, and a list of practice exercises. Our team is here to help! Feel free to call us at 800-264-3907 if wish to ask questions and/or sign up over the phone.
Refund Policy
Cancellation Policy
In-Person Class: If you cancel within 24 hours of registration, the full amount will be refunded. If you cancel more than 14 days prior to the course, there will be a 10% processing fee. If you cancel less than 14 days but before 48 hours, there is a 50% cancellation fee. If you cancel less than 48 hours prior to the course, there is a 100% cancellation fee. You can reschedule for a different date with no charge up to 14 days prior to the course. If you must reschedule and there is less that 14 days until the course, a $100 processing fee will be required.
Online Class: No refunds will be issued on the purchase of an online course.
Weather Policy
In-Person: Flying drones is an outdoor activity, and we cannot predict the weather. In the event of inclement weather, we will still host the classroom portion, but reschedule the outdoor flying for a designated makeup date and time. We will try our best to get the flying in, but due to restrictions we cannot guarantee flying during a course.
"No Show" Policy
You will be unable to re-schedule or receive any kind of refund if you do not show up to a class without prior notice.


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Unique Representation
No two divorces are the same. At Neal Ashmore Family Law Group, we are here to help you navigate the many changes that come with your individual circumstances. Does your case call for an aggressive lawyer with fierce courtroom skills? Or would your interests be better served by a lawyer noted for a gentle, diplomatic demeanor? We cover both, and so much more.
Our team of four lawyers provides clients with efficient and effective representation using extensive family law experience. One of our attorneys, Bill Neal, is Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. We also have a certified divorce financial analyst available to help clients understand how they will be affected by the divorce and how they can properly plan for a more secure financial future.
Endless Support
We represent our clients with the utmost integrity and observe the highest ethical, legal and client care standards. We are honest about our clients' options, and we are responsive to their needs. At each step of the way, we review your options and ask you how you would like to proceed. This approach is one of the ways that we make sure that our strategies and tactics reflect your objectives.
At Neal Ashmore Family Law Group, we are passionate advocates for your family. Our ultimate goal is to provide clients with valuable legal representation and to minimize emotional strain. We do this by taking a holistic approach to each divorce and family law issue, serving the whole person. We not only provide legal solutions, but we help each client assess his or her specific situation and understand how to come out of divorce ready to start a new life. Our firm is devoted to helping you transition from divorce to a healthy and promising future.
We want to see you succeed in your post-divorce life by empowering you to uncover your individual strengths. Our firm offers an exclusive opportunity for clients to participate in the Gallup StrengthsFinder Program at no additional charge. The program unlocks what makes you uniquely you.
Learn more about the Gallup StrengthsFinder assessment and workshop we offer our family law clients.


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A giant, dark storm whirls through the upper atmosphere of a brown dwarf in this artist's concept. The brown dwarf, known as 2MASS 2139, is a "failed star" -- an object that is bigger than a planet, but not massive enough to shine as a star. Recent observations showed large changes in its brightness, suggesting that storms spin through its upper atmosphere, blocking some of its light. [Jon Lomberg]
You are here
Stormy Skies
Bitter storms roll across the northern U.S. at this time of year, with destructive winds and heavy snows. They can span hundreds of miles, socking in entire states.
Storms on some of the other planets in the solar system can make those on Earth look puny by comparison. The largest persistent storm is Jupiter's Great Red Spot, which is about twice as wide as Earth and has been blowing for centuries. And last year, a storm on Saturn twisted all the way around the planet.
And an even bigger storm may have been spotted outside the solar system, in the atmosphere of a brown dwarf — an object that's heavier than a planet, but not heavy enough to shine as a star. Its surface is quite hot, but still cool enough to allow clouds to form, as grains of dust stick together in its atmosphere.
The brown dwarf is known as 2MASS 2139. It's several dozen light-years away, along the border of the constellation Aquarius, which is low in the southwest at nightfall.
As the brown dwarf rotates, it gets dramatically brighter and fainter. The researchers who made the observations suggest the change is caused by a giant storm in its atmosphere. It could be caused by dark clouds rotating into view, or by a hole in the clouds that allows the brighter surface below to shine through. Either way, the feature is far larger than the Great Red Spot. And that makes it the biggest single storm system yet seen — a monster swirling through the clouds of a failed star.
Script by Damond Benningfield, Copyright 2011
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