text:
You are here:
Related Information
Health Information
Online version updated October 2012
Questions and Answers about Scoliosis in Children and Adolescents
This booklet defines scoliosis and provides information about how it is diagnosed and treated in children and adolescents. You may be interested in contacting one or more of the organizations listed at the end of the booklet for more information. If you have further questions, you may wish to discuss them with your health care provider.
What Is Scoliosis?
Scoliosis is a musculoskeletal disorder in which there is a sideways curvature of the spine, or backbone. The bones that make up the spine are called vertebrae. Some people who have scoliosis require treatment. Other people, who have milder curves, may need to visit their doctor for periodic observation only.
- Who Gets Scoliosis?
- What Causes Scoliosis?
- How Is Scoliosis Diagnosed?
- Does Scoliosis Have to Be Treated? What Are the Treatments?
- Are There Other Ways to Treat Scoliosis?
- What about Bracing?
- If the Doctor Recommends Surgery, Which Procedure Is Best?
- Can People With Scoliosis Exercise?
- What Research Is Being Conducted on Scoliosis?
- Where Can People Get More Information About Scoliosis?
Who Gets Scoliosis?
People of all ages can have scoliosis, but this booklet focuses on children and adolescents. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (scoliosis of unknown cause) is the most common type and typically occurs after the age of 10. Girls are more likely than boys to have this type of scoliosis. Because scoliosis can run in families, a child who has a parent, brother, or sister with idiopathic scoliosis should be checked regularly for scoliosis by the family doctor.
What Causes Scoliosis?
In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown; this is called idiopathic scoliosis. Before concluding that a person has idiopathic scoliosis, the doctor looks for other possible causes, such as injury or infection. Causes of curves are classified as either nonstructural or structural.
- Nonstructural (functional) scoliosis. A structurally normal spine that appears curved. This is a temporary, changing curve. It is caused by an underlying condition such as a difference in leg length, muscle spasms, or inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis. Doctors treat this type of scoliosis by correcting the underlying problem.
- Structural scoliosis. A fixed curve that doctors treat case by case. Sometimes structural scoliosis is one part of a syndrome or disease, such as Marfan syndrome, an inherited connective tissue disorder. In other cases, it occurs by itself. Structural scoliosis can be caused by neuromuscular diseases (such as cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis, or muscular dystrophy), birth defects (such as hemivertebra, in which one side of a vertebra fails to form normally before birth), injury, certain infections, tumors (such as those caused by neurofibromatosis, a birth defect sometimes associated with benign tumors on the spinal column), metabolic diseases, connective tissue disorders, rheumatic diseases, or unknown factors (idiopathic scoliosis).
How Is Scoliosis Diagnosed?
Doctors take the following steps to evaluate patients for scoliosis:
- Medical history. The doctor talks to the patient and the patient's parent(s) and reviews the patient's records to look for medical problems that might be causing the spine to curve, for example, birth defects, trauma, or other disorders that can be associated with scoliosis.
- Physical examination. The doctor looks at the patient's back, chest, pelvis, legs, feet, and skin. The doctor checks if the patient's shoulders are level, whether the head is centered, and whether opposite sides of the body look level. The doctor also examines the back muscles while the patient is bending forward to see if one side of the rib cage is higher than the other.
- X-ray evaluation. An x ray of the spine can confirm the diagnosis of scoliosis. The doctor measures the curve on the x-ray image. He or she finds the vertebrae at the beginning and end of the curve and measures the angle of the curve (see "Curve Patterns" diagram).
Doctors group curves of the spine by their location, shape, pattern, and cause. They use this information to decide how best to treat the scoliosis.
- Location. To identify a curve's location, doctors find the apex of the curve (the vertebra within the curve that is the most off-center); the location of the apex is the "location" of the curve. A thoracic curve has its apex in the thoracic area (the part of the spine to which the ribs attach). A lumbar curve has its apex in the lower back. A thoracolumbar curve has its apex where the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae join (see "Normal Spine" diagram).
- Shape. The curve usually is s- or c-shaped.
- Pattern. Curves frequently follow patterns that have been studied in previous patients (see "Curve Patterns" diagram). The larger the curve is, the more likely it will progress (depending on the amount of growth remaining).
Does Scoliosis Have to Be Treated? What Are the Treatments?
Many children who are sent to the doctor by a school scoliosis screening program have very mild spinal curves that do not need treatment. When treatment is needed, the doctor may send the child to an orthopaedic spine specialist.
The doctor will suggest the best treatment for each patient based on the patient's age, how much more he or she is likely to grow, the degree and pattern of the curve, and the type of scoliosis. The doctor may recommend observation, bracing, or surgery.
- Observation. Doctors typically follow patients without treatment and re-examine them every few months when the patient is still growing (is skeletally immature) and the curve is mild.
- Bracing. Doctors may advise patients to wear a brace to stop a curve from getting any worse in patients who are still growing with moderate spinal curvature. As a child nears the end of growth, the indications for bracing will depend on how the curve affects the child's appearance, whether the curve is getting worse, and the size of the curve.
- Surgery. Doctors may advise patients to have surgery to correct a curve or stop it from worsening when the patient is still growing, has a curve that is severe, and has a curve that is getting worse.
Are There Other Ways to Treat Scoliosis?
Some people have tried other ways to treat scoliosis, including manipulation by a chiropractor, electrical stimulation, dietary supplements, and exercise. However, studies of these treatments have not been shown to prevent curve progression, or worsening. Patients may wish to exercise for the effects on their general health and well-being.
What About Bracing?
The decision about which brace to wear depends on the type of curve and whether the patient will follow the doctor's directions about how many hours a day to wear the brace.
Braces must be selected for the specific curve problem and fitted to each patient. To have their intended effect (to keep a curve from getting worse), braces must be worn every day for the full number of hours prescribed by the doctor until the child stops growing.
If the Doctor Recommends Surgery, Which Procedure Is Best?
Many surgical techniques can be used to correct the curves of scoliosis. The main surgical procedure is correction, stabilization, and fusion of the curve. Fusion is the joining of two or more vertebrae. There are different ways to straighten the spine and different implants to keep the spine stable after surgery. (Implants are devices that remain in the patient after surgery to keep the spine aligned.) The decision about the type of implant will depend on the cost; the size of the implant, which depends on the size of the patient; the shape of the implant; its safety; and the experience of the surgeon. Each patient should discuss his or her options with at least two experienced surgeons.
Patients and parents who are thinking about surgery may want to ask the following questions:
- What are the benefits from surgery for scoliosis?
- What are the risks from surgery for scoliosis?
- What techniques will be used for the surgery?
- What devices will be used to keep the spine stable after surgery?
- Where will the incisions be made?
- How straight will the spine be after surgery?
- How long will the hospital stay be?
- How long will it take to recover from surgery?
- Is there chronic back pain after surgery for scoliosis?
- Will the patient's growth be limited?
- How flexible will the spine remain?
- Can the curve worsen or progress after surgery?
- Will additional surgery be likely?
- Will the patient be able to do all the things he or she wants to do following surgery?
Can People With Scoliosis Exercise?
Although exercise programs have not been shown to affect the natural history of scoliosis, exercise is encouraged in patients with scoliosis to minimize any potential decrease in functional ability over time. It is very important for all people, including those with scoliosis, to exercise and remain physically fit. Girls have a higher risk than boys of developing osteoporosis (a disorder that results in weak bones that can break easily) later in life. The risk of osteoporosis can be reduced in women who exercise regularly all their lives. Also, weight-bearing exercise, such as walking, running, soccer, and gymnastics, can increase bone density and help to prevent osteoporosis. For both boys and girls, exercising and participating in sports can also improve their general sense of well-being.
What Research Is Being Conducted on Scoliosis?
Researchers supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are exploring genetic and neurological factors that may cause idiopathic scoliosis in an effort to identify targets for prevention and new treatments.
In one study, a randomized clinical trial, scientists are developing strategies to improve clinical decision making with respect to the nonoperative management (bracing versus watchful waiting) of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents.
Researchers continue to examine how a variety of braces, surgical procedures, and surgical instruments can be used to straighten the spine or to prevent further curvature. They are also studying the long-term effects of both scoliosis fusion and the long-term effects of untreated scoliosis.
More information on research is available from the following websites:
- NIH Clinical Research Trials and You helps people learn more about clinical trials, why they matter, and how to participate. Visitors to the website will find information about the basics of participating in a clinical trial, first-hand stories from actual clinical trial volunteers, explanations from researchers, and links to how to search for a trial or enroll in a research-matching program.
- ClinicalTrials.gov offers up-to-date information for locating federally and privately supported clinical trials for a wide range of diseases and conditions.
- NIH RePORTER is an electronic tool that allows users to search a repository of both intramural and extramural NIH-funded research projects from the past 25 years and access publications (since 1985) and patents resulting from NIH funding.
- PubMed is a free service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine that lets you search millions of journal citations and abstracts in the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, and preclinical sciences.
Where Can People Get More Information About Scoliosis?
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Information Clearinghouse
National Institutes of Health
1 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892-3675
Phone: 301-495-4484
Toll Free: 877-22-NIAMS (877-226-4267)
Fax: 301-718-6366
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://www.niams.nih.gov
Other Resources
National Scoliosis Foundation
Website: http://www.scoliosis.org
The Scoliosis Association, Inc.
Website: http://www.scoliosis-assoc.org
Scoliosis Research Society
Website: http://www.srs.org
American Physical Therapy Association
Website: http://www.apta.org
For additional contact information, visit the NIAMS website or call the NIAMS Information Clearinghouse.
The NIAMS gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the following individuals in the preparation and review of the original version of this booklet: Stuart Weinstein, M.D., University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; and John Lonstein, M.D., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and James Panagis, M.D., NIAMS/NIH.
The mission of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' National Institutes of Health (NIH), is to support research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases; the training of basic and clinical scientists to carry out this research; and the dissemination of information on research progress in these diseases. The NIAMS Information Clearinghouse is a public service sponsored by the NIAMS that provides health information and information sources. Additional information can be found on the NIAMS website at www.niams.nih.gov. Information on bone and its disorders can be obtained from the NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases ~ National Resource Center by calling toll free at 800–624–BONE (2663) or by visiting its website at www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/default.asp
For Your Information
This publication contains information about medications used to treat the health condition discussed here. When this publication was developed, we included the most up-to-date (accurate) information available. Occasionally, new information on medication is released.
For updates and for any questions about any medications you are taking, please contact
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Toll Free: 888–INFO–FDA (888–463–6332)
Website: http://www.fda.gov
For updates and questions about statistics, please contact
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics
Website: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs
This publication is not copyrighted. Readers are encouraged to duplicate and distribute as many copies as needed.
Additional copies of this publication are available from:
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Information Clearinghouse
National Institutes of Health
1 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892-3675
Phone: 301-495-4484
Toll Free: 877-22-NIAMS (877-226-4267)
Fax: 301-718-6366
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://www.niams.nih.gov
NIH Publication No. 07–4862


text:
Forum: Web Hosting
Discuss everything related to web hosting here. Share your web hosting experience with community.
Sub-Forums Threads / Posts Last Post
Web Hosting Tutorials(5 Viewing)
Join this forum for tutorials and articles sharing information on web hosting and how to use it to your advantage.
Forum Actions:
Forum Statistics:
- Threads: 32
- Posts: 214
Last Post:
5 simple steps to have a web...by
Domain Names(25 Viewing)
Area for discussion of domain name issues , including domain reselling, registration, privatizing, DNS control, and more.
DON'T buy or sell domains here.
Forum Actions:
Forum Statistics:
- Threads: 190
- Posts: 1,581
Last Post:by
Site & Server Administration(155 Viewing)
Need help with server administration? this section for discussing on topics relate to Apache, security, traffic analysis, robots.txt, forum management ..etc
Forum Actions:
Forum Statistics:
- Threads: 145
- Posts: 822
Last Post:by
Web Hosting Forum
On Webmaster Sun, you can get all of your questions answered. Let our growing community of web hosting experts answer help you understand what you need to do to have a fast running, secure, and reliable presence online.
This forum is for all general discussions relating to web hosting. Wither you need help choosing a web host or a type of web hosting, or you need help making sure your hosting is configured to give you the best possible results, let us know. We're here to help you out!
See more: shared web hosting, vps, reseller hosting, dedicated server, managed hosting, control panels, ecommerce hosting, internet marketing hosting, web hosting offers
Moderators of this Forum
Users Browsing this Forum
There are currently 263 users browsing this forum. (0 members & 263 guests)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Stories by Nicholas [13] Series by Nicholas [0] Reviews by Nicholas [0] Challenges by Nicholas [0] Favorite Series [0] Nicholas's Favorites [0]Series
Stories by Nicholas
|The authors own nothing. Joss, UPN, WB, etc. own Buffy, the show, the characters, the places, and the backstory. The authors own any original plots.


text:
Hunting Incidents
From a law enforcement perspective, a hunting incident occurs when a hunter directly or indirectly causes personal injury or death while using a firearm or bow.
More broadly defined, a hunting incident is any unplanned, uncontrolled action that occurs while using a sporting arm. It can include near misses.
Being responsible in order to prevent hunting incidents is your first priority.


text:
mc-melon brauchte ein neues Logo Design und hat einen Wettbewerb auf 99designs gestartet.
Aus 110 Designs von 13 Designern wurde eine Gewinner gewählt.
seeking a fresh, edgy, clean logo for a motorcycle social network.
Seeking a striking graphical style, yet clearly legible text, created in vector graphics.
What better project to show off your skills than a cool moto logo?
We're developing a social network for motorcycling, called FAT MOTO.
(fat moto = for all things moto)
fat moto has nothing to do with fat people.
fatMOTO.com will be a social network website. it will be a place for riders of motorcycles to link up with other riders, riding groups, and see all the groups / events / locations in their area that match their style of riding and interests. I want this logo to be edgy / fresh / striking / bold
Ideas for logo styles:
silhouette of a rider on a motorcycle, such as with
love this: http://www.eportel.com/Images/webhu…_544px.gif
possibly an IM styled logo, conveying communication / community
something that conveys all moto, like an outlined motorcycle... low detail high perspective / interest drawing of a shot like these:
the trick is to keep it sporty looking, but not overly detailed.
bike only inspiration?
fatMOTO to be a strikingly bold logo, not just for a website header, but for shirts, posters, and printed media. Something with graphiti, urban, edgy, tattoo'd... and interesting looking. - not overly dark pls.
- if it has a bike shadow/concept/img/graphic/emblem, it should be of asporty styled bike (if there is any bike graphic at all), such as thelinks provided.
- if it uses a helmet, it needs to be a sport styled helmet
- vector format .ai, plus .psd open layer, plus .png in high res and 3 low res sizes. delivered with 1 color variation and a black/white format.
- fat moto logo must not include fat person/people
- nothing cartoony
- nothing too detailed. outlined img / shadow / etc.. not a highly detailed graphic / emblem.
- i need it to be legible
- it needs to not have elements of crusing / cruisers / harley styled bikes. .. no relation to that kind of img pls.
- it needs to not have a race bike or dirt bike in the img. this site is for sport and off road via internal channels.
- if it has a bike shadow/concept/img/graphic/emblem, it should be of a sporty styled bike (if there is any bike graphic at all), such as the links provided.
Finden Sie heraus, wie ein Designwettbewerb funktioniert, oder lernen Sie mehr über unsere Logo-Design-Angebote.


text:
AV Separates
Wireless Music Systems
AV Receivers
Hi-Fi Components
Reference Series
To be completely up to date on Marantz products, product launches, reviews, press releases and exhibitions, our most recent information can be found below. Do not forget to subscribe to our newsletter if you want to be updated regularly.
Mar 09, 2009
Marantz Brings High Performance Home Entertainment Components To EXH Spring 2009 Expo
View this Article


text:
Miller Park Zoo leaps toward goal, receives $100,000 toward master
Send a link to a friend
[February 22, 2013]
BLOOMINGTON -- Country
Financial, Growmark and the Illinois Farm Bureau aren't monkeying
around with their support for Bloomington's Miller Park Zoo.
Together, the organizations recently pledged $100,000 toward the
zoo's master plan.
"The city of Bloomington's Parks, Recreation and Cultural Arts
department is very thankful for Illinois Farm Bureau, Growmark and
Country Financial's gift to Miller Park Zoo," said John Kennedy,
director of the department. "Their generous contribution will help
the zoo kick-start the implementation of its master plan and ensure
the zoo remains a valuable community amenity and regional attraction
for many years to come."
The plan is a 20-year initiative to transform the Miller Park Zoo
from a local attraction into a regional destination. The plan
includes building new exhibits for the zoo's existing animals, as
well as bringing new animals to the zoo, such as giant anteaters and
tree kangaroos. These animals cannot be found anywhere else in the
The master plan will help the zoo develop its conservation
programming, further its mission to preserve the natural resources
of the world and enhance the overall guest experience.
[to top of second column]
"The Farm Bureau family believes in giving back to the
communities we serve," said Steve Denault, Country's executive vice
president of corporate services. "Our gift will not only help the
zoo diversify its animal population but also provide new experiences
for a growing number of visitors from Illinois and beyond."
Miller Park Zoo in Bloomington has been open to the public since
1891. The zoo is home to more than 150 species of animals and
features several large exhibits, such as the ZooLab, Children's Zoo,
Animals of Asia, Wallaby Walkabout and the Katthoefer Animal
Building. Miller Park Zoo also provides educational programs for
local students interested in learning more about zoology. Its Junior
Zookeeper program has been in operation since 1972.
To learn more about Miller Park Zoo, become a Facebook fan at
[Text from
Miller Park Zoo
news release received from
Bloomington Parks & Recreation]
< Top Stories index
Back to top
News |
Sports | Business |
Rural Review |
Teaching and Learning
Home and Family |
| Obituaries
Community |
Law and Courts |
Leisure Time
Spiritual Life |
Health and Fitness |
Teen Scene
Letters to the Editor


text:
"Zero Robotics" is a robotics programming
competition where the robots are SPHERES satellites inside the
International Space Station. The competition starts online, on
this website, where teams compete to solve an annual challenge
guided by mentors. Participants can create, edit, share, save,
simulate and submit code, all from a web browser. After several
phases of virtual competition, finalists are selected to compete
in a live championship aboard the ISS. An astronaut will conduct
the championship competition in microgravity with a live
NASA Home Page
This web site conforms to the NASA
User Privacy Policy.


text:
Request Quote
Mission Statement:
"To provide the highest level of service in the most
unique and state of the art limousines in the industry"
Daytona Limos
provides limousine service for all of Central Florida & North Florida.
We make your limousine rental a memory you will never forget, providing
amazing service, excellent vehicles and top notch chauffeurs.
Daytona Limos exclusive: Unlimited pick ups, stops, and drop offs
on all hourly charters, no mileage restrictions, your charter price is
based purely on the hourly rate.
Call us today or
book online
for your next event requiring limousine service.
Need to plan an event or party in Daytona Beach, Jacksonville, or
Orlando and not sure what to do?
Let Daytona Limos help you with the plans. We have excellent knowledge
of Daytona Beach, Central Florida, North Florida, Jacksonville,
Orlando, and beyond.
Daytona Limos Fleet:
Hummer Limo,
Escalade Limo,
Excursion Limo,
Lincoln Limo,
Chrysler 300 Limo,
Lincoln L Series Sedan, Lincoln
Town Car, Party Bus,
Limo Bus, Sedan Service,
Ford Excursion, Escalade ESV
Daytona Beach
Limousine Service
By Daytona
Time for
the big game, why hassle with fighting traffic for hours and then
hunting for a parking spot which usually cost as much as the tickets.
Instead leave the driving up to us while you relax in luxury with your
favorite cold one, and if that wasn't enough you can watch the pre game
show in our Direct TV Satellite equipped limousines. From the
Super Bowl to an NFL Game Day with the Jacksonville Jaguars or the
Tampa Bay Buccaneers our
football packages have you covered.
It that time again, Valentines day is a special day
to show your loved one how much you care. Treat them like royalty by
booking the best limo for him or her. We
can arrange dinner reservations or an entire package to meet your needs
for this special night. We will make your evening truly a night to
remember with the red carpet treatment.
Prom and Homecoming only come once a year. Prom is
one of the most remembered events of a young person's high school
career. We offer a wide selection of limousines to ensure the style and
class that no other limousine company can match. We offer the most
extreme limos. From 22" wheels, satellite TVs, 32" Plasmas, to gull wing
doors we have the newest and wildest limousine fleet in Florida.
Flying to Florida or leaving Florida
to fly elsewhere for business or pleasure? Escape all of the stress and
confusion of the airports by sitting back and enjoying the luxury of one
of Daytona Limos stretch limousines. We are permitted to pick up at The
Orlando International Airport (MCO), Jacksonville International Airport
(JAX), Sanford Orlando International Airport (SFO), and Daytona Beach
International Airport (DAB). We can drop you off at any airport in the
state of Florida
Headed off for a relaxing cruise?
Start you vacation off the right way with Daytona Limos. Escape
all of the stress and confusion of Port Canaveral by sitting back and
enjoying the luxury of one of Daytona Limos stretch limousines. We are
permitted to pick up and drop off at Port Canaveral. Don't get stressed
out in a cramped tour bus or old taxi on the way to the port.
Let us handle all of your transportation needs for
your special day and all of the events leading up to "I Do" We can
handle it all, showers, engagement parties, rehearsal dinners, honeymoon
travel, limo rentals, Stretch SUV rent, and the big day. An elegant
limousine makes a great wedding gift idea. We service Daytona Beach
Florida, Orlando, Jacksonville, and most other Florida areas.
Read our how to choose a
Wedding Limo Guide
Dinner tours are an
excellent way to unwind from stressful day and watch the beautiful
sunset as we travel to St. Augustine the nations oldest city. As the sun
sets and the moon rises, your tour will include a stop for a romantic
dinner at a restaurant of your choice in St. Augustine. On the return of
your St Augustine dinner tour you will see the beautiful stars and
unadulterated natural as we travel down A1A. The moon lit ocean and
beach will provide a relaxing finale to this wonderful tour. Don't
forget to ask about Wine tasting tours.
Whether you are a child, or a kid at heart, birthdays
are a special time for celebrating. Let Daytona Limos make your special
day a success with one of our elegant limousines. We provide red carpet
service for all birthdays, truly making you feel like a king or queen.
Need to relax and unwind? Hit the town for a night of
fun, we know all of the hottest bars and clubs, and have connections at
many for express entry and VIP treatment.
Planning the infamous party night for the lucky guy
or girl? A limousine is a must, this is a once in a lifetime party and
it must be memorable. Not sure what to do, let us help plan your event.
Daytona Beach is home to many special events through
the year. Let us provide all of your transportation needs while you are
in town for your favorite event, and remember all of our chauffeurs are
Daytona Area locals, so they know the area extremely well.
Concerts are much like sporting events, fighting
traffic and hunting for parking. Remove all of the pre and post concert
stress, when you take a limousine. Picture yourself relaxing with your
friends on the way to the concert no worries and a 2900 watt stereo
system that blurs the lines between the show and the ride there. Whether
you choose our Escalade Limo, Hummer Limo, Lincoln Limo, Limo Bus, Party
Bus, Lincoln Sedan or Chrysler 300 Limo you are sure to have an amazing
New to the area or just want to see what Florida has
to offer? We can customize tours to your specifications. Wine tasting,
real estate viewing, museums, local sites, day trips, shopping trips,
and much more.
Yes its almost that time again, where
did 2014 go? That's right it time to ring in a New Year. New Years Eve
2015 is sure to be an excellent celebration. Make sure you start out the
night with a safe and fun chauffeured limousine. We have limos to handle
groups from 2 to 30. Hire a Limo for New Years Eve and get the ultimate
out of this once a year celebration. We service the entire state of
Florida from Jacksonville, Orlando, to Miami we have a limousine waiting
for you. Get the Uber service you have been looking for.
Book Online
Request Quote
Downtown Orlando, Ormond Beach,
Port Orange, Holly Hill, Palm Coast,
Flagler, Ormond By the
Sea, Edgewater, Deltona, New
Smyrna, St. Augustine, Orlando,
Deland, Cape Canaveral and all of
central Florida.
Daytona Limo
Service for: Airport,
Cruise Port,
Daytona 500,
Spring Break,
Orlando Airport,
Daytona Beach Airport, BCR,
Rolex 24,
Speed Weeks,
Bud Shootout,
Homecoming, Bike Week,
Coke Zero 400,
Bachelor Party, Bachelorette
Concert, Sporting Event,
Business Travelers, Conventions, Trade Shows,
Spring Break Nationals, NOPI,
Hot Import Nights,
Daytona Beach, Night
on the Town in Orlando,
Site Seeing & City Tours,
New Years Eve, Super
Bowl 2012, Valentines Day,
Limos for Sale,
Ormond Beach Real Estate
Daytona Limos is a proud member of the NLA
(National Limousine Association)
Site Map
Need Service in
another area? Visit our other websites:
Jacksonville Limo
Orlando Limo
Palm Coast Limo
Palatka limo
Palm Coast Limos
Titusville Limo
Daytona Beach Limousines
Daytona Limo
© 2016
Limos LLC. All rights reserved.
Copying, using, or modifying of any content (text, images, or
layout), in anyway is a violation of Federal Copyright. Copyright
Infringement will not be tolerated. Links


text:
PPTP Client
pptpclient is a program implementing the Microsoft PPTP protocol. As such, it can be used to connect to a Microsoft VPN network (or any PPTP-based VPN) provided by a school or workplace.
Installing PPTP Client
Install the pptpclient package.
To configure pptpclient you will need to collect the following information from your network administrator:
- The IP address or hostname of the VPN server.
- The username you will use to connect.
- The password you will use to connect.
- The authentication (Windows) domain name. This is not necessary for certain networks.
You must also decide what to name the tunnel.
Configure using pptpsetup
You can configure and delete tunnels by running the pptpsetup tool as root. For example:
pptpsetup --create my_tunnel --server vpn.example.com --username alice --password foo --encrypt pptpsetup --delete my_tunnel
You can #Connect after a tunnel has been configured.
Configure by hand
You can also edit all necessary configuration files by hand, rather than relying on pptpsetup.
Edit The options File
/etc/ppp/options file sets security options for your VPN client. If you have trouble connecting to your network, you may need to relax the options. At a minimum, this file should contain the options
nobsdcomp and
# Lock the port lock # We don't need the tunnel server to authenticate itself noauth # Turn off compression protocols we know won't be used nobsdcomp nodeflate # We won't do PAP, EAP, CHAP, or MSCHAP, but we will accept MSCHAP-V2 # (you may need to remove these refusals if the server is not using MPPE) refuse-pap refuse-eap refuse-chap refuse-mschap
Edit The chap-secrets File
/etc/ppp/chap-secrets file contains credentials for authenticating a tunnel. Make sure no one except root can read this file, as it contains sensitive information.
chmod 0600 /etc/ppp/chap-secrets
Edit the file. It has the following format:
Replace each bracketed term with an appropriate value. Omit
<DOMAIN>\\ if your connection does not require a domain.
Name Your Tunnel
/etc/ppp/peers/<TUNNEL> file contains tunnel-specific configuration options.
<TUNNEL> is the name you wish to use for your VPN connection. The file should look like this:
pty "pptp <SERVER> --nolaunchpppd" name <DOMAIN>\\<USERNAME> remotename PPTP require-mppe-128 file /etc/ppp/options ipparam <TUNNEL>
Again, omit
<DOMAIN>\\ if your connection does not require a domain.
<SERVER> is the remote address of the VPN server,
<DOMAIN> is the domain your user belongs to,
<USERNAME> is the name you will use to connect to the server, and
<TUNNEL> is the name of the connection.
To make sure that everything is configured properly, as root execute:
# pon <TUNNEL> debug dump logfd 2 nodetach
If everything has been configured correctly, the
pon command should not terminate. Once you are satisfied that it has connected successfully, you can terminate the command.
To connect to your VPN normally, simply execute:
# pon <TUNNEL>
<TUNNEL> is the name of the tunnel you established earlier. Note that this command should be run as root.
Once you have connected to your VPN, you should be able to interact with anything available on the VPN server. To access anything on the remote network, you need to add a new route to your routing table.
For more information on how to add routes, you can read this article which has many more examples: PPTP Routing Howto
Split Tunneling
Packets with a destination of your VPN's network should be routed through the VPN interface (usually
ppp0). To do this, you create the route:
# ip route add 192.168.10.0/24 dev ppp0
This will route all the traffic with a destination of 192.168.10.* through your VPN's interface, (
Route All Traffic
It may be desirable to route all traffic through your VPN connection. You can do this by running:
# ip route add default dev ppp0
Route All Traffic by /etc/ppp/ip-up.d
#!/bin/bash # This script is called with the following arguments: # Arg Name # $1 Interface name # $2 The tty # $3 The link speed # $4 Local IP number # $5 Peer IP number # $6 Optional ``ipparam'' value foo ip route add default via $4
Make sure the script is executable.
Split Tunneling based on port by /etc/ppp/ip-up.d
#!/bin/bash # This script is called with the following arguments: # Arg Name # $1 Interface name # $2 The tty # $3 The link speed # $4 Local IP number # $5 Peer IP number # $6 Optional ``ipparam'' value foo echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/$1/rp_filter echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_dynaddr ip route flush table vpn ip route add default via $5 dev $1 table vpn # forward only IRC ports over VPN iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 6667,6697 -j MARK --set-mark 0x1 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $1 -j MASQUERADE ip rule add fwmark 0x1 pri 100 lookup vpn ip rule add from $4 pri 200 table vpn ip route flush cache
Make sure the script is executable and that the vpn table is added to
201 vpn
Execute the following to disconnect from a VPN:
# poff <TUNNEL>
<TUNNEL> is the name of your tunnel.
Making A VPN Daemon and Connecting On Boot
You can create a simple daemon for your VPN connection by creating an appropriate
/etc/rc.d/* script:
#!/bin/bash . /etc/rc.conf . /etc/rc.d/functions DAEMON=<TUNNEL>-vpn ARGS= [ -r /etc/conf.d/$DAEMON ] && . /etc/conf.d/$DAEMON case "$1" in start) stat_busy "Starting $DAEMON" pon <TUNNEL> updetach persist &>/dev/null && <ROUTING COMMAND> &>/dev/null if [ $? = 0 ]; then add_daemon $DAEMON stat_done else stat_fail exit 1 fi ;; stop) stat_busy "Stopping $DAEMON" poff <TUNNEL> &>/dev/null if [ $? = 0 ]; then rm_daemon $DAEMON stat_done else stat_fail exit 1 fi ;; restart) $0 stop sleep 1 $0 start ;; *) echo "usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}" esac
If client connections keep timing out, make sure that GRE is allowed through the client firewall. For iptables, the necessary command is:
# iptables -A INPUT -p 47 -j ACCEPT
If your client is timing out with "LCP: timeout sending Config-Requests", then you might not have the proper modules loaded:
# modprobe nf_conntrack_pptp nf_conntrack_proto_gre
You can find more information about configuring pptpclient at their website: pptpclient website. The contents of this article were adapted from their Ubuntu How-To which also provides some hints on how to do things such as connecting on boot. These examples should be easy to adapt into daemons or other scripts to help automate your configuration.


text:
The Flu – What Is It Really?
For one to completely understand in Scranton how the flu behaves, they must develop a basic understanding of the difference between a bacterium and a virus. They are both tiny germs capable of invading the human body. Because of their genetic makeup, they are capable of creating different symptoms in response to the way the body reacts to them. Some of the symptoms they create are caused by changes they make to the body on a cellular level.
Over the last 50 years, scientists have developed a thorough system to fight the growth of bacteria by developing antibiotics. It was originally thought in Scranton that antibiotics would have an effect on viral infections. However, research has shown that taking antibiotics while one is infected by a virus could be deeply detrimental to their health. They not only fail to treat the viral infection, but they also increase the risk of developing a secondary bacterial infection.
The flu we experience in Scranton is a viral illness that is contracted from contact with a person who is infected, or by coming into contact with unwashed, infected surfaces. After the virus moves into the body, it lives in the back of the throat. Here, it multiples until it reaches a viral load where it can successfully affect its host.
In Scranton you may notice that the way the virus is transmitted, and its associated mechanisms are similar to those of the common cold. While this may be true, the flu is not the same as a cold, not even on a genetic level. They originate from completely separate viruses, and they mutate in very different rates and methods.
It is true that the common cold and the flu share many of the same symptoms. The common cold will cause an unpleasant, but mild set of symptoms. The flu, on the other hand, causes more severe symptoms and is more likely to cause serious, possibly life threatening complications.
What Class of Virus is The Flu In Scranton?
The flu is categorized as a contagious viral illness affecting the respiratory system. Depending on the strain of the virus, and the immune system of its host, it will cause symptoms ranging from mild to severe. At times, the severe effects it can have on the human body can be fatal, especially if it is not treated by qualified medical professionals.
Because of the potential for developing severe, life-threatening complications, the CDC recommends that people take charge of their own health care and take the right steps to prevent contracting the flu virus. Prevention can be as simple as getting a flu shot every year and following proper health and safety precautions, like washing your hands after touching things, or eating.
Statistics show that between 5% and 20% of the American population contract the flu each year. Unfortunately, out of the people who do not receive the vaccine on an annual basis, 360 people die from flu related complications, or the severity of their symptoms. To make this statistic even more sad, the majority of the fatalities are in children, elderly, and those who are immune compromised in Scranton. The subsection of the immune compromised population most affected are asthmatics, diabetics, and people with heart disease.
Fortunately, scientists in Scranton are constantly looking for ways to better map out the methods in which the flu transmits from one person to another, and the way the virus grows once it does enter the body. Because of their breakthroughs, they are able to provide new information to the public constantly by utilizing the media. Recently, scientific goals have been focused on natural products people can successfully use to prevent contracting the flu, and treat the virus once they have developed symptoms.
What Symptoms Are Experienced with the Flu In Scranton?
People who do contract the flu in Scranton will suffer from unpleasant symptoms. These symptoms can range from high fevers, chills, muscle aches and pains, sore throat, runny and stuffy nose, fatigue, and a dry cough. While these are the most common symptoms, others may experience additional symptoms, like stomach aches, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, and even diarrhea. While these additional symptoms are possible in any case, they are more likely to manifest in children than in adults.
People who suffer from a severe case of the flu may experience more severe symptoms. They may develop bacterial pneumonia, sinus infections, painful ear infections, and possible dehydration. These bacterial invasions are typically caused by a weakened immune system trying to fight off the virus, and accidentally allowing bacteria to infiltrate the body.
Where Did the Flu Get Its Name?
The flu received its name as an abbreviation of the virus causing the illness, influenza. The flu is actually a group of respiratory diseases caused by infection by the influenza A. or influenza B. viruses. Both viruses are more active in the winter months, and in the cooler, early part of spring. This pattern has been mapped out scientifically, which makes it easier for medical providers in Scranton to organize prevention and treatment methods for individuals, and groups of individuals.
This scientific research has also pinned down various methods people unknowingly reduce their risk of contracting the virus. For example, people in Scranton who spend more time outside and eat a diet that allows them to take in high amounts of vitamin D directly from being exposed to sunshine during the winter and early spring, have a much lower risk for contracting the flu virus in the event they are exposed to it.
How to Know If You Have the Flu
The common cold and the flu virus usually cycle around communities at the same time. The symptoms of both viruses in Scranton can be very similar, but the symptoms experienced with the flu are a lot worse than the common cold can cause. The common cold will drag you down and make you miserable. The flu will make you miserable to the point where you cannot even drag yourself out of bed.
To date, science has tracked down more than one-hundred strains of the cold virus. Most of these viruses do not mutate past their original form, so the strains are easy to track. The flu virus in Scranton is much more difficult to track down because new strains evolve every couple of years, which makes vaccinating difficult.
Because the strains of flu virus change every few years vaccines must change with them. Developing these vaccines can be extremely difficult because scientists are not able to anticipate exactly what genetic mutations will take place with the flu virus. Because of this, all vaccines are developed using live samples from the previous year's flu outbreak, which leaves people open to developing a mild case of the virus, even if they have been vaccinated.
How Does the Flu Virus Spread in Scranton?
In Scranton the flu virus spreads from one person to another through infected respiratory secretions. This means that any fluid originating in the mouth or nose could be infected during flu season. These secretions are typically released when someone sneezes or coughs without using the right precautions. Because the flu virus in Scranton is easy to transmit from person to person, any surface these secretions come into contact with can be infected, and become an object of transmission.
Because the virus is easy to transmit, people who live in close quarters are at higher risk for contracting the virus. Classrooms, college dorms, hospitals, nursing homes, and office buildings in Scranton are prime locations to get sick.
Something as simple as coughing into one's hand, sneezing without covering their mouth and nose, or did not wash their hands before touching services can leave others at risk. Once the surface is infected, all a person must do is touch the surface and then touch near their mouth, near their nose, or anywhere on their face. Even if one touches a doorknob and later rubs their eyes, they are exposing themselves to a hearty dose of the virus.
After being exposed in Scranton, the virus takes between 24-hours to four days to incubate before the person begins to show symptoms.
Scranton the flu virus typically lasts between one to two weeks. Treatment is symptom management and immune support. The majority of people who contract the flu find that their immune system is able to fight it off and heal their body without medical care. However, the body requires plenty of fluids, a lot of rest, medications for fever, and proper nutrition. One should never follow the old wife's tale of "feed a cold, starve a fever" as it has no scientific basis. In order to properly heal, the body needs plenty of calories and an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals to fight off a virus
Urgent Care Center Benefits That Make It Worth It
If you think you need to go to a local medical clinic, there are a few things you should find out first. Learning some details before you even schedule an appointment can help the visit go smoothly. It can also keep you from wasting your time at an office that cannot help you.
The first thing you should do is find out when you can schedule an appointment. Some offices are more flexible than others when it comes to the schedule, so make sure it is convenient for you. For example, some clinics offer weekend appointments so you do not have to take time off work or school to see a doctor. They might also offer evening visits so you can go after work. Of course, if you can easily take a half-day at work, a more traditional schedule might be fine for you. The same goes if you work nontraditional hours, such as nights and weekends, since an office with weekday hours might be best.
You should also find out if your insurance plan is accepted. Be sure to ask just prior to making the appointment since clinics occasionally change which plans they accept. If you do not have insurance, find out the prices for patients paying cash. This gives you a chance to budget and even compare prices of local clinics so you can afford treatment. If you do not have a lot of cash right now, find out if you can get a payment plan in order to pay it off gradually.
Of course, you also need to make sure you choose a medical clinic that offers the services you need. If you just need to get an issue checked out, and get a referral to a specialist if necessary, a general practitioner may work well. But if you already know the type of specialist to go to, you should choose an office with this type of practitioner. For example, if you have problems with your feet, skin, or heart, each of these has a doctor that specializes in this subject. If you want expert advice that your general doctor cannot offer, you might want to see a specialist. Be sure the medical clinic you choose offer this kind of doctor.
You can find out this information from websites or even phone calls. If your local office features a free first consultation for new patients, you might consider attending one to find out the basic facts. This way, you are prepared for your first actual appointment.
Interior Decorating Ideas - Decorating Your Clinic with Wall Art
The practice of medicine is a profession that will not run out of clients. Man's body wasn't built to be invincible. Time and time again, he is bound to contract some form of disease and he is going to need a doctor. Let us discuss how to start a medical clinic business.
First of all, you need to have a business plan. A business plan should include a business goal, some reason that the business should work, and a phase-by-phase plan on how to achieve the goal.
Next on the list is the capital. No business is possible without the initial capital. You might need to apply for a bank loan. In such a case, you are going to incur an accounts payable. There is a short-term accounts payable which is expected to be resolved in one operation cycle which is one year. Then there is a long-term accounts payable which takes more than a year, about two years, to pay off.
Then you have to find a suitable location for your medical clinic. Assuming that you are a medical doctor, you should already have a small clientele that you have built from your years as a medical resident. The location should be somewhere in the business section of the city or town with accessibility to buses or subway trains.
By the time you have found a suitable location, you should have an architect or interior designer plan the layout of your clinic. Your clinic should have a reception area where there's a counter for the receptionist. Equipment that the receptionist needs are a computer unit, Adjacent to it is the waiting area where patients wait for their turn. There should be furniture for sitting, a TV set or some reading materials so the patients don't get bored while waiting. There should also be a toilet, either unisex or one for each sex.
Depending on the number of doctors, so should there be the same number of offices. Then there should be two or three treatment rooms. You should make a deal with medical equipment manufacturers to get a good deal on EEG machines, ECG machines, EKG machines, ultrasound machines, weighing scales, etc. They could offer you short-term or long-term accounts payable services. You can also put vending machines in the waiting area so that patients could have refreshments to tide over the wait. Make sure you have provisions for parking.