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Mobile Ad Spend Is Starting to Look Like Serious Money
Apr 18, 2013 7:00 AM PT
Internet advertising experienced double-digit growth in 2012 for a record US$37 billion in revenue, according to a report this week from the Internet Advertising Bureau (IAB) and Pricewaterhouse Coopers. The largest increase was in the second half of the year, where both the third and fourth quarters topped previous records.
Interactive ad revenues for the third quarter totaled $9.24 billion, then revenues reached $10.31 billion in the fourth quarter, an 11.6 percent quarter-over-quarter gain.
"The fourth quarter had the best quarterly results ever for U.S. interactive advertising," said Sherrill Mane, IAB senior vice president research, analytics and measurement. "We continue to set records and continue to outperform the media market."
The $36.6 billion in Web ad revenue -- which included mobile -- was second only to broadcast television, which accounted for $39.6 billion in revenues for 2012. Cable television trailed Internet with $32.5 billion in revenue.
Retail is king when it comes to digital advertising. The category accounted for 22 percent of Internet ad revenues. The spend was followed by financial services (13 percent); telecom (12 percent) and automotive (11 percent).
An All-Time High
The annual report often shows gains in Internet ad revenues. However, while the 2012 Summer Olympics and a presidential election could have contributed to the numbers, the IAB believes the figures point to more fundamental changes taking place in advertising.
"There is a shift of brand dollars happening," said Mane. "The election and Olympics were not the primary drivers of interactive ad revenue. We didn't really see any indication that those are two big drivers here."
More record-breaking revenue may be on the way, said Manish Kacker, associate professor in strategic business marketing at McMaster University DeGroot School of Business.
"The significance here of the 'record' growth arises from the fact that it is occurring on a relatively larger baseline revenue number. In other words, the 'law of large numbers' has not yet had a big impact on Internet advertising revenue growth," Kacker told the E-Commerce Times.
The gain in Internet revenues on broadcast television are likely to close over time, but still have a ways to go before the channel dominates all categories.
"TV advertising revenues are a little less than double Internet advertising revenues, and are growing at about 3 percent," he said. "Assuming that the current growth trends will continue, it will still be a number of years before Internet surpasses TV in advertising revenues. The relationship between Internet and TV advertising cannot be characterized by simple, zero-sum competition. A lot of gains of Internet advertising have occurred at the expense of print and radio rather than TV."
Television and the Internet help each other's advertising revenues. "The symbiosis between TV and internet advertising is reflected on the fact that broadcasters advertise extensively on the Internet, resulting in increases (or reducted declines) in their own viewership and advertising revenues," Kacker said.
The boundaries between TV and Internet advertising will become less clear, he added, "as broadcast networks continue moving to multiplatform broadcasting and capturing advertising revenues from broadcasts viewed on internet devices."
Mobile Momentum
Mobile nearly doubled its slice of the pie in 2012, growing from 5 percent to 9 percent. Revenues in the category, which includes mobile search, reached $3.4 billion, up 111 percent from $1.6 billion reported in 2011.
"Mobile has experienced triple-digit percentage growth each year since we started capturing it in 2010," the IAB report said.
"It grew more than 100 percent year-over-year, so it's more than doubled from last year," Greg Sterling, principal analyst at Sterling Market Intelligence told the E-Commerce Times.
"I think what it reflects is that marketers are starting to take mobile very seriously," Sterling said. "Consumers are way ahead of marketers. Mobile usage is much higher than the ad spending, and marketers are very much catching up with consumers, and that's going to be true for the next couple of years."
The overall interactive advertising growth numbers are masking mobile's real growth in the market, Kacker added. "This rapid growth in mobile advertising revenues is likely to continue due to increased penetration and use of smartphones and tablets by consumers, the ongoing development of mobile advertising infrastructure (e.g., mobile ad exchanges) and the use of more personalized and location-based advertising by mobile advertisers."


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"Very convenient to have kitchen facilities in the room. A table to work at and a recliner chair make the room way more comfortable than traditional hotel room."
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As Latin America's first Candlewood Suites, the Candlewood Suites Queretaro-Juriquilla is conveniently located offering easy access to the Soccer Stadium and downtown Queretaro. Visit Queretaro's tourist attractions and historical buildings while experiencing rich culture along with traditional and modern dining, all within Juriquilla.
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It's easy to see the sights of the U.S. capital with an extended stay at our hotel in Alexandria - Fort Belvoir. You'll be close to everything, from the lovely National Portrait Gallery to grand Washington Monument.

subset: commoncrawl


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North Berwick Employees Participate in Multiple Sclerosis Plane Pull
Employees from the Pratt & Whitney North Berwick Parts Center recently participated in the Multiple Sclerosis Plane Pull to benefit the Maine Chapter of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. The event was held June 29 at the Portland Jetport in Portland, Maine.
Each team consisted of 25 participants that cumulatively have donated a minimum of $1,000. Each team competes to pull a 72-ton Boeing 757 aircraft 12 feet. The fastest time wins the event.
The North Berwick Parts Center team took second place with a pull time of 5.2 seconds. The Pratt & Whitney team, which raised $1,000, is the only team to participate in all nine of the annual plane pull events.


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|Biosequences .. Software .. Molbio soft .. Network News .. FTP
AMERICAN GULF WAR VETERANS ASSOCIATION 3506 Highway 6 South #117 Sugarland, Texas 77478-4401 Voice mail: 713-587-5437/Fax: 713-438-4581 Dear Gulf War Veteran or Supporter: Thank you for requesting information regarding the now proven use of germ warfare on the American servicemen and women. Though the U.S. Government and the Department of Defense actively deny the existence of the Gulf War disease (Associated Press 8-2-95) there is overwhelming evidence to substantiate the was to biological and biochemical weapons use during Desert Storm (letter to Secretary of State William Perry from Senator Riegle, 1994, Riegle Report, October 9, 1994, lawsuit and documents of Peter Kawaja). There are about 10 to 18 different biologicals shipped to Saddam Hussein and made in the United States in Texas and Florida. (Riegle Report list of Biological shipped to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission). The disease(s) unfortunately are communicable and affecting not only the GW veterans but the spouses and children. A very high number of miscarriages and congenitally deformed children are being reported. There are immense political and criminal implications as it has been illegal under the Geneva Convention Regulations of 1972 to make, experiment with, distribute or sell, germ warfare. DR's.' Garth and Nancy Nicolson have isolated one of the U.S. man-made germ warfare biological agents at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. (Made in Houston, TX. and Boca Raton areas). The biologicals were tested, according to the Nicolsons, in the Texas Department of Corrections on the death row inmates. There appears to be a treatment, if caught early, however it is not a cure for those suffering with the Mycoplasma incognitus infection. According to the Journal of American Medical Association (Feb. 22, 1995) the recommended treatment is doxycycline (tetracycline) 100mg., two times a day for 10 days. Up to six courses of treatments have been required. For those who cannot take Tetracycline, Cipro has been found to be effective. GW servicemen/women and their families and significant others may get their blood tested at no charge. To make arrangements call 713-792-7484. If you have evidence from the GW such as gas masks, filters, sand specimens, documents, etc, contact Peter Kawaja at 407-241-8407. Do not give information over the telephone regarding your evidence, state that you were in GW, leave your phone number, time zone and when to return call, and if it is okay to call collect. We have formed the American Gulf War Veterans Assoc. for the purpose of: (1. Raising money for research and treatment of GW servicemen/women, (2. Bring criminal charges against those involved in the development, experimentation, sale and transfer of weapons of (germ and biological warfare) mass destruction. America, we need your support now more than ever. Over 1,000,000 men and women were willing to die in the service of their country, they were knowingly placed in harms way and to make matters worse are being denied treatment by the Department of Defense and the V.A. This should serve to outrage all true Americans and veterans to the atrocities perpetrated on America as a whole. Just because you did not serve, does not mean you cannot get the disease. It is communicable to the general population and can be transmitted via sex and perspiration as it is airborne. Animals can also be carriers. This is not a story of the past but one that will haunt us in the future. The presenting symptoms are as follows: chronic fatigue, night sweats, severe joint pains, shortness of breath, vision and hearing problems, rashes, benign and malignant tumor growths, and neurological problems leading to paralysis and death. If you served in Desert Shield/Desert Storm and have information regarding biologicals use, please complete a written affidavit or statement with the information you have. Keep th original in a safe place and send AGWVA a copy for your protection. If you served in DS/DS active duty or Reservist and are sick, please write your story and send it to AGWVA. We need to know where you were, what you saw, what immunizations you (think) you received along with what Scud activity you were exposed to. We do not say this lightly, your life and the lives of your loved ones are at stake. Many have died (approx. 7,000) many are sick (approx. 200,000) we must stand together and demand the antidote and answers from those who had knowledge of this horrendous insult to mankind. contact your local media and challenge them to tell the truth about the Gulf War Syndrome. For media interviews call: 713-438-1699. The AGWVA will be your voice to stand up for those who are sick and dying from this most deadly disease. We need your financial support as well. Since the Department of Defense denies the existence of this disease, we must work from our own funds to spread the information that indeed the Gulf War illness is real, it is communicable and it is "Outbreak." Write your Congressmen/women and Senators and demand an accounting of the truth behind the Gulf War. America's ugly secret is out. We will not be silent. Patriotic ally Yours, <Signed> Joyce Riley, R.N., BSN Capt. USAFR (inactive Reserve) --end of entry (only 2 of 4 pages.) For more infomation please call them. >Please note: >I transposed this letter so that this information could be made available to an >ever increasing number of people. I can not be held responsible for any type 'O's or the content >of this letter. Craig :) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Phone Numbers: AWGVA 713-587-5437 Blood Testing: 713-792-7481 FAX: 713-438-4581 Gulf War Baby Registry: 800-313-2232 Media: 713-438-1699 Evidence: 407-241-8407 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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available in finishes:
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The state Public Utilities Commission said Tuesday it plans to look at new or revised regulations that could make it possible for high-tech car and ride scheduling services like SideCar, Uber and Zimride's Lyft to operate legally.
The commission, which has fined those three services $20,000 each for not complying with current regulations governing taxis, limos and other commercial "charter-party carriers," proposes a review period to determine how to balance the needs of the current cab and limo industry with the influx of new tech companies that have entered the market.
If the full commission votes to approve the proposed rule making order at its Dec. 20 meeting, it would open a six-month review process that could include two public workshops.
"New businesses such as Lyft, Sidecar, and Uber have presented the CPUC, which regulates charter-party carriers, with a situation not encountered before: the use of mobile communications and social networks to connect individuals wishing to offer and receive low cost and convenient, sometimes shared, transportation," the commission said in a news release. "The CPUC has a responsibility for determining whether and how public safety might be affected by these new businesses. The proposal issued is not to stifle innovation and the provision of new services that consumers want, but rather to assess public safety risks, and to ensure that the safety of the public is not compromised in the operation of these new business models."
Earlier this year, the PUC issued cease-and-dissist orders against Uber, SideCar, Lyft and Tickengo. Uber, SideCar and Lyft were later issued fines, which they are all appealing, and Tickengo has disabled an "instant ride" feature to distance itself from the other three.
UPDATE: In related news, the city council in Washington, D.C., has approved legislation that allows Uber and other smartphone transportation service to continue operating.
In a news conference, Uber CEO Travis Kalanick said the regulations were "pro-consumer, pro-innovation and pro-driver" and "sets a standard" for similar legislation elsewhere.
Although there are different issues to be debated in California, "I think the principals that we see here in D.C. will be the principals we ultimately will see in California," Kalanick said.
Here's how Uber summarized the new D.C. law in a blog post:
So what does the DC law include?
It explicitly defines a separate class of for-hire vehicles, sedans, that operate through digital dispatch and charge by time and distance.
It creates a single operator license for taxis, sedans and limousines and requires the DC Taxi Commission to actually issue licenses after a long four-year hiatus.
It sets new standards for price transparency that will benefit consumers.
And, above all, it brings regulatory certainty to the vehicle-for-hire marketplace – making it very clear that Uber and its partners, the licensed/regulated sedan companies and drivers, can't be regulated out of existence.


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Indicative Rate * AU$230 to AU$405
Take your family on a journey of discovery and adventure at the award-winning Sea World Resort. There's so much to explore including an aquatic adventure playground, cuddles with your favourite Nickelodeon characters including the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and a fun filled Kid's Club.
Go on a behind the scenes sneak peek of a dolphin training session with Sea World Resort's exclusive Dolphin Discovery Presentation, free when you stay two nights or more. It's a wonderful experience the kids will never forget. Then join everyone's favourite sponge and his nautical friends in your own underwater adventure at the amazing 'SpongeBob SplashBash' aquatic adventure zone.
Sea World Resort offers direct monorail access to Sea World and family friendly service all with Gold Coast beaches and famous theme parks on your doorstep, not to mention free WiFi around the entire hotel.
What will you discover today at Sea World Resort, the heart of fun and adventure?
The refurbished Premium Double Room offers a beautiful contemporary look and feel. Your Premium Room is a resort style haven for your holiday with two double beds, a range of amenities and LCD television.
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The Resort Double Room features two comfortable double beds, a range of fabulous amenities, and with beautiful decor, it'll make your stay feel like a home away from home. With a patio or balcony attached, you'll be well equipped to soak up the Gold Coast sun.
The Resort Double Room sleeps four, including infants. Due to Fire and Safety Regulations, cots and rollaway beds cannot be added to the Resort Double Room. Resort Queen Rooms are suitable for cots and rollaways.
Note: Information on listed products and services are provided by the operator and were correct at the time of publishing. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator's website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD).


text: I rarely get on here, especially lately. I'm 24 years old and I have been working for my dad doing commercial refrigeration since I was 16. I've had an NC commercial refrigeration license for right at 3 years. My future looked good. I was making really good money, had just got married and bought a house. On September 16th, 2010 I was diagnosed with stage IV colon cancer. I started getting to where I could barely work half a day in the heat and I would have to come home. Then I would run fevers and just sleep all the time. They finally did a CT scan of my abdomen for some reason and saw that my liver was covered in tumors. After I was diagnosed I started on chemo and immediatly started feeling 100x's better. I could work full time, I didn't lose any hair and everything started getting back to normal. In April I had a bad allergic reaction to one of the chemo drugs and haven't been able to take it since and that was what was working really good. I am doing a different treatment right now that makes me feel like absolute crap, it's called SIRT or sir-spheres, google it if you want to know what it is, it's hard to explain. After I finish this next SIRT treatment they are going to try to re introduce the chemo drug that I had the reaction to. I'm hoping and praying that it will work and I can get back to feeling good. Prayers would be appreciated guys! I would absolutely love to be out working in this heat instead of sitting at the house all day, but I just don't have it in me. And I feel terrible for my dad because he is absolutely working himself to death. He usually won't get home until around 8 at night and usually works 7 days a week.


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Copyright The Columbia University PressThe Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The Columbia University Press
Fernández de Kirchner, Cristina Elisabet
Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner (krēstē´nä ālēsäbāt´ fārnän´dās dā kērch´nâr), 1953–, Argentinian politician. A Peronist student activist in the 1970s, she received (1979) a law degree from the National Univ. of La Plata. There she met Néstor Kirchner, whom she married in 1975 and who, after a varied political career, became (2003) president of Argentina. A member of the Peronist Justicialist party, she was twice elected (1989, 1993) to the Santa Cruz provincial legislature. She was elected to the Argentinian senate in 1995, the chamber of deputies in 1997, and the senate again in 2001 and 2005. The glamorous center-leftist became known for her advocacy of human rights and women's issues and, in her later terms, for her active support of her husband's policies. During his presidency, she was an influential adviser to him and acted as unofficial international ambassador for Argentina. In 2007 he announced he would not seek a second term and declared his support for his wife as his successor. She was elected later that year, pledging to continue her husband's programs, and easily won reelection in 2011.
Copyright The Columbia University PressThe Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The Columbia University Press
Kirchner, Cristina Elisabet Fernández de
Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner: see Fernández de Kirchner.


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text:
With hard work, Volquez finding his stride
PITTSBURGH -- The reclamation of Edinson Volquez is starting to pay dividends for the Pirates. Volquez was signed in the offseason to a one-year, $5 million contract with the hopes that pitching coach Ray Searage could help him return to the form he flashed in his first year in Cincinnati in 2008, when he won 17 games with a 3.21 ERA and was named an All-Star.
Searage has a track record of helping veterans find their stride, including A.J. Burnett when he joined the Pirates two years ago and last season with lefty Francisco Liriano.
After a rough Spring Training in which he posted a 9.64 ERA and a 1.86 WHIP in five games (14 innings), Volquez has been solid. He won his first game in a Pirates uniform on Thursday night, tossing seven innings -- his longest outing of the season -- and allowing two runs on eight hits.
"I'm very proud of him," Searage said of Volquez. "He's really worked hard, especially when we started the season up here, too, and his bullpens have been so disciplined. It's really a pleasant surprise to watch how he goes to work in the 'pen to prepare for his next start.
In four games (three starts) Volquez is 1-0 with a 1.71 ERA in 21 innings.
"We've been working, and [the] two biggest changes are keeping my front side closed and stay tall on my back leg," Volquez said. "We've been doing a pretty good job with that, and everybody's been seeing now the way I've been pitching."
"He's making it happen," Searage said. "He's the one that's doing all the work; all the credit goes to him. The suggestions we put out there, he took it and he soaked it up like a sponge, and he's going to town right now."


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Calendar of events
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Augusta University Medical Center
1120 15th Street Augusta, GA 30912


text:
British Go Journal No. 54. October 1981. Page 13.
Toby Manning
Although we try to keep the bureaucracy of the British Go Association to a minimum it cannot be eliminated entirely. Our membership secretary keeps membership details so that you receive the British Go Journal. Our treasurer ensures that financial affairs are properly conducted. The Committee organises liaison with other countries, and organises publicity etc.
At the end of this year the Association will be seeking replacements for at least two of its officers - the treasurer and secretary. Brian Philp stepped into the treasurer's office after a period of financial problems; he straightened out the accounts and ensured that the Association's money was correctly and properly accounted for. His loss will be deeply felt. Similarly, Matthew Macfadyen, after acting as secretary for four years, is not intending to stand for re-election at the next AGM. The association is very grateful for the work he has done for it during this time, and I am pleased that he is intending to continue to serve on the Journal Subcommittee.
Replacements for the Secretary and Treasurer will be needed, and I appeal to all BGA members not only to consider whether they might be in a position to volunteer, but also whether one of their friends might be in such a position. (Experience has shown that many members are prepared to help but have been reticent in putting themselves forward.)
In the past the BGA Committee has usually, but not always, met in London, because most of the Committee have been living there or in the home counties. Unfortunately this has led to a vicious circle, with members living outside London feeling deterred from standing for the Committee because it meets in London'. Artificially moving Committee meetings around the country is not really a good idea, but the Committee could improve its efficiency - and I include myself in this criticism - by getting the business over with quicker, thus requiring fewer meetings (currently it meets about every 6 weeks). This is something that I hope the committee will discuss at a future meeting; in the meantime, please would anyone interested in serving the Association but inhibited by distances discuss the problem with me or any other Committee member.


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If you would like to receive more information regarding whole life insurance, please fell free to get in touch by completing the provided contact form.
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Whole life insurance is cover throughout your lifetime. This varies from term insurance as you will be covered until you die with whole-life coverage, whereas you are only covered for a set period of time with term policies. This can be important for families and partners that want to ensure their loved ones are financially secure once they have passed on. It is important to consider this as an option when choosing a policy, however you may need to keep in mind the costs as a whole-life insurance as this is considerably more than a term coverage. We are here to offer you our advice on the best options and policies. Please fill out the contact form if you would like to recieve a quote and our expert service to help you out.
Although death is a very sensitive matter which makes a number of people uncomfortable in relation to considering cover, not planning or taking action to put procedures in place will put their family at big financial risk. We have a variety of the best cover UK packages to prevent this from taking place. Coverage prices may differ depending on certain people. A good example of this would be: a smoker pays more than a non-smoker. There's also several types of protection which may affect the price. You may get protection separately or as a couple. The insurance policy may also cover your outstanding mortgage or offer a lump sum pay out.
There is a big difference between term and wholelife insurance. Term focuses on a time period of which you are insured. Say you are insured for 25 years, if you do not die within them years you will not receive a payout as there is no cash in value. This differs from whole-life insurance as you are protected until you die at whichever age. This means that you will pay more and is the expensive option. However you will definitely get a payment once you have passed.
The best coverage options are obtainable in an array of different kinds. This literally means, you will receive a pay out of the arranged amount in the event someone dies; this may either be given as a lump sum payment or regular income. By sorting out various different cover plans, you will be able to see which one meets your requirements.
Getting an insurance policy does not mean you need to cut back on your lifestyle. Using our unique discounts and rewards, we'll keep you healthy from day one, therefore you will always get something back regardless of whether you claim or not. Coverage is amongst the most selfless things you'll ever acquire. It is about making sure that the people you love the most are taken care of in the event that the worst is to happen. In relation to whole protection, you will be protected until the day you pass away. This is very important because although you will be protecting yourself, you will also be protecting any family members because it would save them the financial and mental stress that arrives when a loved on passes away.
We will help you decide which is the best policy to take out. Simply by taking a look at personal information, we could see more clearly which plans you ought to be taking a look at. One of the biggest variables which will impact the plan that you decide to pull out is whether you've got kids. The key reason why this is a important factor is because this will mean your family will not have trouble with expenses if you pick the suitable plan. We strive to make the technique of picking coverage easy. As opposed to leaving behind your loved ones with finance problems, you need to take into account taking out a cover policy. We're able to explore in more detail the advantages and also restrictions of each coverage and help you decide the most appropriate one.
Do you require any more information regarding whole life protection in because as specialists, there are a range of different method we can take to ensure you choose the best deal. We would be more than happy to help supply you with any answers you may require. We will help you on finding the ideal cover for you by taking a range of different variables into account. If you decided to pull out of life insurance, your family would witness many financial problems that they would not have if you had insurance. For that reason, whole protection can be very important. Please feel free to contact us today via the contact form provided. This will allow our specialist team to respond as soon as possible to fix and of your issues.


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Smithsonian educators recommend an inquiry-based approach that can be used in any museum. The inquiry process is a way of encouraging students to question, explore, and discover. As the diagram illustrates, the steps are not sequential. Instead, you may start at any point and move in any direction. What's important is to remain focused on questions. No matter how you explore a topic, you will find that one question leads to another, and all of them lead to a better understanding of what you are studying.
On-site Handouts
The questions on the handout are basic. You can use them in any kind of museum, whether art, history or science, or at a historic house, nature center or zoo.
"Object Observer," employs the 4-step inquiry process to look closely at one object.
"The Exhibit, the Object, and You" is for use in an exhibition.
The Discussion Guide suggests questions to use before, while, and after viewing the museum exhibition.


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Zulu Wedding Basket - 079 - Ilala Weavers
Frequently Asked Questions
This basket is a one of a kind, you will get the basket pictured. The height is 20 inches and the circumference measures 41 inches. Each basket comes with an information card describing the meaning of the designs. This "Ukhamba" or beer basket is a bulb-shaped basket with a lid traditionally used to store the local brew. They are given as wedding gifts as the designs have specific meaning. You can research the meaning of the design from the product tag image.åÊ Handmade in South Africa by Ilala Weavers.
Meet the Artisans
Ilala Weavers is situated at Hluhluwe within the province of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The organizations was established some 30 years ago, with a clear vision and objective of revitalizing and enhancing the age-old Zulu tradition of handcrafts, which at the time were in danger of being lost forever.
Today, Ilala Weavers helps over 2000 Zulu men and women, to attain self sufficiency, by working from their homes and therefore retaining their lifestyle and rich heritage of basket weaving and bead work, which has been passed down through the generations by Zulu crafters. Their modern counterparts today produce stunning works of art, sought after the world over. Each basket is completely unique, and an artisan may spend up to six months weaving a single piece!
Q - How do I qualify for free shipping?
A - All orders over $50 that are shipped to the United States qualify for free shipping and will arrive in 3-4 days.
Q - How long before I receive my order?
A - If you live in the United States your order will deliver in 3-4 days if you selected Priority Mail or you qualified for free shipping. International orders vary by country. The most common international countries are: England, Australia, New Zealand and western Europe take 7 to 10 days. This does not apply to custom printed orders.
Q - What are Memory Cross cards made of and how durable are they?
A - The small Memory Cross cards are printed on 10 point coated board (think playing cards). The larger cards which measure 6 x 6 inches are printed on 100 lb. uncoated cover (think Hallmark card). We've tested each size and they hold up to hundreds of folds. The larger cards hold up longer because the "hinges" that allow them to fold are larger. We've tested the larger cards to fold over 500 times. That being said it is still important for the cards to be folded properly. Most children can figure it out on their own but if you are giving them to 4 or 4 year olds we recommend that you show them how it works. If you do not know how they work, we've created a video that you can watch by clicking here.
Q - What guarantee do you offer?
A - Memory Cross offers a 100% money back guarantee if you are not happy for any reason. We even pick up the cost of shipping the product back. Here is the link to our full return policy.
Q - Can cards be customized?
A - Yes cards can be customized for churches and businesses. The minimum order for churches is 250 and for business is 500.


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|Calm down! It's certified.
I was planning on doing a bunch of writing, but that wasn't going to happen. So I poured the final two fingers of Woodford Reserve into a coffee cup, (since I have no proper glassware for such a drink), and headed down to the lab to wrench.
There was a lot of wrenching to be done too. I had a special little difficulty last night: I had to swap lowers on a suspension fork. The little wiper seals almost made me come undone at one point, but I managed to overcome. Once the fork was done, the rest started coming together well.
Of course, it is a single speed, so there isn't a whole lot that can go wrong, or that needs to be done. TruVativ 180mm crank, GXP bottom bracket- Check! Chris King headset pressed in- Check! Popped the fork on, then set the bars and stem onto the bike. Brakes.....yeah. Wait a minute.
|Close- but not quite ready yet.
Then I found out that the Center Lock rotor is interfering with the brake pad tab which hangs down toward the rotor's thicker aluminum center spider. (groan!)
Well, what do ya expect? Avid Ultimate brakes and Shimano rotors? Right then. Okay, so I set up my tires, (tubeless Michelin Wild Race'R 2.25's on XT 29"er wheels), and that went swimmingly. Gotta love a true system for tubeless. Popped on with a floor pump nicely.
Then it got late, the Woodford Reserve was gone, and I needed to fall back for awhile to consider where I want to go with regard to the brakes. Modify pad? New brakes? Different brakes I already have? These questions will be answered and more on the next Project White Update!


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posted on 01 July 2016
Rail Week Ending 25 June 2016: Rail Contraction Continues With Rolling Averages Mixed
Week 25 of 2016 shows same week total rail traffic (from same week one year ago) contracted according to the Association of American Railroads (AAR) traffic data. The short term rolling average's contraction continues to moderate.
The deceleration in the rail rolling averages began over one year ago, and now rail movements are being compared against weaker 2015 data.
This analysis is looking for clues in the rail data to show the direction of economic activity - and is not necessarily looking for clues of profitability of the railroads. The weekly data is fairly noisy, and the best way to view it is to look at the rolling averages (carloads and intermodal combined).
A summary of the data from the AAR:
Coal is over 1/3 of the total railcar count, and this week is 11.9 % lower than the production estimate in the comparable week in 2015. The middle row in the table below removes coal and grain from the changes in the railcar counts as neither of these commodities is economically intuitive.
[click on graph below to enlarge]
Current Rail Chart:
z rail1.png
For the week ended June 25, 2016
Coal production from EIA.gov
>>>>> Scroll down to view and make comments <<<<<<
Permanent link to most recent post on this topic
Click here for Historical Releases Listing
Econintersect Economic Releases
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Spanish Tutor Dodge City KS
Certified Spanish Tutor Dodge City KS. Find Affordable Tutoring for elementary school, middle school, high school and college.
These lab experiments help students in getting a better understanding of the various principles of physics and the underlying mechanisms and theories related to the universe. Physics is the most fundamental of all sciences. By albertfrank : A how to tutorial about newton s laws of motion assignment help, physics assignment help, help with assignment, Education with step by step guide from albertfrank. Here you have no control over the initial conditions, nor can your repeat the experiment again and again for statistical significance. Or simply, thinking about the concept of thought itself. But something's wrong! With this curve includes the time factor when how long it stayed up and the distance it has covered with its travel. Using pivot points and string is easy and works well so you have to use your mind and imagination to get some things solved as well as simple trial and error. Hence, for those who are interested in pursuing career involving with physics, you don't need to worry as there are various fields of job for you. What laws of physics could there be? Physics lab experiments do one more significant thing. Schmidt, Adam G. Those mighty electrons are movers and shakers! Physics is surely the most fundamental of the sciences. Surely, these inputs will help you choose the right Physics tutor in Toronto. These high academies summer camps have achieved the necessary methods and techniques in education to discover youngsters abilities. Just like the cotton string, the line of energy that forms the "fundamental string" in string theory also has resonant vibrations. Speaking on software, you can also be a technical software editor or any other editor, like those of technical books and journals dealing with physics. The quanta don't act the same as we do in our bigger world. Along the way there have been many things that have caught my fancy, from writers, film makers, philosophers and psychologists. You have not only missing areas to get your ball across but other objects in the way like tall shapes on pivots and even having to climb the ball up platforms. 1951 John Douglas Cockcroft (United Kingdom) Ernest T. Instead, it will make do with the things at hand and make the most of them, deriving a result agreeable by all within the boundary. This torque force will change the angular velocity of your club and this will cause rotation. Pranita was good at dissections in biology but landed up as a glamorous airhostess. They will like them better than reading theories on their textbooks. He had many honors bestowed upon him, apart from the Nobel. These are highly technical drawings that often require the use of special software. If you want to be pretty about things, you can change the color of your crayon by using the mouse wheel. You'll just circle them, always turning toward them, but never getting there. These centers offer sports summer programs for kids. New scientific diagnostic tools have been developed by the Respondent. When a force acts on a body then the reaction acts normally to the surface of the body.
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text: Weekly News Wrap Up: MTV Is Still Trying…The Game's R.E.D. Album Details, & What's T.I. Up To In Prison? iHipHop Admin | October 22, 2009 775,863 1 Like Tweet Read More Category: comedy, Features, News, Politics Tag: Akon, album sales, Beanie Sigel, Chris Brown, cool & dre, Diddy, DJ Khalil, Drake, Fat Joe, full schedule, Game, grande hustle, Gucci Mane, hottest mc's in the game list, j.o.s.e. II, Jay-Z, MTV, new album, opinion based, Paper Trail, Polow Da Don, prision, Public Enemy, raekwon the chef, Rick Ross, shaheem reid, tameka "tiny" cottle, The Game, the r.e.d. album, TI, TIP, update, Young Jeezy


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June 19,2014(ISN) – LHP RICKY ROMERO had season ending surgery on his left knee to clean out (debridement) the quadriceps tendon inflammation. The surgery was performed by Dr. Neal Attrache at the Kerlan Jobe Orthopedic Clinic in Los Angeles on June 17 and the recovery time is expected to be approximately six months.
ROMERO, 29, has spent the entire season in Buffalo (AAA) posting a 0-3 record with a 5.50 ERA in nine starts.


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Wimbledon 2013: See Sabine Lisicki's Off-Court Style
23 year-old tennis maven Sabine Lisicki has been making serious waves at Wimbledon. She knocked out reigning champion Serena Williams in the 4th round, and today, the German athlete will be competing in the finals against France's Marion Bartoli. Off the court, Lisicki's sartorial points also rank high thanks to her chic ensembles and effortless beauty looks. Plus, her killer serve isn't the only thing she does consistently! The pro loves a good nude heel, and for a number of events, Lisicki walked the red carpet in a classic pair of beige platform sandals. Stylish, and comfortable -- what's not to love? Click the photo to take a look at more her best off-court style moments.
• Shop White Dresses Inspired by Wimbledon
• Wimbledon 2013 Celebrity Fans
• Get Serena Williams' White Nike Dress


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Arkansas Disaster Management Expert Witnesses
Arkansas Accident Reconstruction & Safety Expert Witness Listings
You may limit your search for Disaster Management expert witnesses to a specific area by selecting a state from the drop down box.
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Celesteandthebullies wrote:I have nothing against Negative punishment discipline.Removing something the dog wants.
Dominance is defined by the ability to control or regulate access to resources. And correcting aggression? How does that help when you should be trying to change the emotional reaction to the stimulus. If they receive a correction each time that can only add to the negative association and the aggression is simply suppressed, the anxiety is still there.
Instead of getting a dog that displays many warning signs, you can get a dog that goes straight to a bite.
http://petbehaviorsolutions.blogspot.co ... ining.html
I also wish the term "Alpha" would crawl under a rock because it is so incorrectly used.
i get what your saying, i guess all scientist have spent parts of their lives trying to understand what it means to be the "top dog" with a group of dogs. scientists also say there is no god, and religion is fake. but well over half the world believe and are blessed by god, and their prayers are answered. so yea if your going off of that, its not alpha. but more of a "pecking order" that i also found to include for others. it ALL means the same thing. just how there are different words in the dictionary that mean the same thing.
and i honestly don't know if e-collars would work on aggression, because when i had kyzer, i didn't try to find deeper meaning for his aggression, i simply took precautions and slapped a muzzle on him. i said i WISHED i had one when i had him, because it would of been a last resort, i was very positive with him, and didn't believe in that type of correction.i tried everything. it might of not worked it might have, who knows. like the others said, it depends on if it's fear or dominance based.
why the dog is attacking is different from it trying to control the situation.it lunging, and yanking you around, says im gonna do this because of my reason, and that reason comes before anything you say.then that dog is very well dominating you, as defined, controlling the situation to get what it wants. yes there is a reason why he's doing it. but if the dominant one says no it means no, and there's nothing more to it. just my outlook on it. i'm not obligating you to be offended, because of the way you handle things.
no hard feelings i love reading about dakota, and seeing him enjoy his sport to the fullest.
i just think the whole scientific thing is over rated. dogs are so simple....why try complicating it with deeper meanings.
and a quick shock is simple too. it doesn't analyze the dog and then shock. i agree you should understand appropriate times to use it, like with any and all other methods.
"Here's food for thought: "dominance" doesn't transcend species."
no it doesn't, no one ever said that, but not all species are pack animals that have rank or control over the others, which is what we are talking about, some are solitary, some only live in pairs. a business is ran by rank or one person coming before the rest. a family is also a good example. you tell your son hey no means no, then he's gonna listen, the only difference is, humans have very complex brains, and can deliberately premeditate something defiant. dogs....cannot. again they are very simple.


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Yes, I have to admit that I play Angry Birds. As many of you know, the little game is painfully addictive once you get into it. Destroying stuff with angry birds makes sense all of a sudden. That's why I liked seeing this infographic on the pros and cons of each angry bird.
Read more @ Technabob


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Harley-Davidson FXD Dyna Superglide 2007
2007 Harley-Davidson FXD Dyna Superglide specifications, pictures, reviews and rating
2007 Harley-Davidson FXD Dyna Superglide. Picture credits - Harley-Davidson. Submit more pictures.
|Harley-Davidson's profilation of this bike
|Simple raw-boned style in a nimble toss-me-a-long-serpetine-stretch-of-asphalt-frame.
|General information
|Harley-Davidson FXD Dyna Superglide
|Custom / cruiser
|75.2 out of 100. Show full rating and compare with other bikes
|Price as new (MSRP):
|US$ 12395. Prices depend on country, taxes, accessories, etc.
|Engine and transmission
|1573.25 ccm (96.00 cubic inches)
|Engine type:
|V2, four-stroke
|124.75 Nm (12.7 kgf-m or 92.0 ft.lbs) @ 3000 RPM
|Bore x stroke:
|95.3 x 111.3 mm (3.8 x 4.4 inches)
|Fuel system:
|Injection. Electronic Sequential Port Fuel Injection (ESPFI)
|Cooling system:
|Transmission type,
final drive:
|Multi-plate with diaphragm spring in oil bath
|Fuel consumption:
|4.43 litres/100 km (22.6 km/l or 53.10 mpg)
|Greenhouse gases:
|102.8 CO2 g/km. (CO2 - Carbon dioxide emission)
|Exhaust system:
|Chrome, staggered shorty duals
|Chassis, suspension, brakes and wheels
|Rake (fork angle):
|Front tyre:
|Rear tyre:
|Front brakes:
|Single disc. 4-piston
|Rear brakes:
|Single disc. 4-piston
|Physical measures and capacities
|Dry weight:
|286.7 kg (632.0 pounds)
|Weight incl. oil, gas, etc:
|300.7 kg (663.0 pounds)
|Seat height:
|701 mm (27.6 inches) If adjustable, lowest setting.
|Overall length:
|2,357 mm (92.8 inches)
|Ground clearance:
|152 mm (6.0 inches)
|1,631 mm (64.2 inches)
|Fuel capacity:
|18.16 litres (4.80 gallons)
|Other specifications
|Color options:
|Vivid black, fire red pearl, Pacific blue pearl (new), pewter pearl (new)
|Further information
|Insurance costs
|Compare US insurance quotes from the nation's top providers.
|Finance options
|Compare US motorcycle loan quotes from the nation's top providers.
|Parts finder
|Chaparral provides online schematics & OEM parts for the US. Revzilla offers up to 50% off motorcycle accessories. Ships to most countries. Also check out our overview of motorcycle webshops at Bikez.info.
|Ask questions
|Join the 07 Harley-Davidson FXD Dyna Superglide discussion group or the general Harley-Davidson discussion group.
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|List related bikes for comparison of specs.
Sell or buy used bikes?Bikez.biz has an efficient motorcycle classifieds. Ads are free. Click here to sell a used 2007 Harley-Davidson FXD Dyna Superglide or advertise any other MC for sale. You can list all 2007 Harley-Davidson FXD Dyna Superglide available and also sign up for e-mail notification when such bikes are advertised in the future. Bikez has a high number of users looking for used bikes. Before you buy this bike, you should view the list of related motorbikes Compare technical specs. Look at photos. And check out the rating of the bike's engine performance, repair costs, etc.
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Reliability for the 2007 Harley-Davidson FXD Dyna Superglide:
(88.9 out of 100)
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Early Development
During the ministry of Bahá'u'lláh, the center of the Bahá'í Faith was wherever He happened to be. The Báb had written that the point toward which the faithful should turn in prayer (the qiblih) should be "He Whom God Will Make Manifest" (the messianic Figure promised by the Báb), wherever He should go, and ultimately would be fixed as the place where His remains would be laid to rest. Bahá'u'lláh confirmed this instruction in His book of laws, the Kitáb-i-Aqdas (Most Holy Book).1
The prison city of Acre became the center of the Bahá'í Faith when Bahá'u'lláh arrived there on 31 August 1868 as an exile and a prisoner of the Ottoman authorities. He and His companions were taken to the citadel, where they were confined for more than two years. On 3 September 1868 the text of Sultan Abdülaziz's order condemning Bahá'u'lláh and His companions to perpetual banishment and forbidding the inhabitants of Acre from associating with the exiles was read out in the principal mosque of the city as a warning to the population. The resultant hostility and suspicion of the populace gradually gave way to respect for Bahá'u'lláh and for 'Abdu'l-Bahá, who became increasingly responsible for relations between the exiles and the public; conditions became easier and the attitude of the local population more friendly. In October 1870 Bahá'u'lláh and His family were permitted to move from the citadel to the first in a series of rented quarters in Acre. In June 1877, although Bahá'u'lláh remained a prisoner, it became possible for Him to take up residence in pleasant surroundings outside the city walls, first at Mazra'ih and then at Bahjí, where He passed away in 1892.
The activities of the Bahá'í World Center after Bahá'u'lláh's arrival in Palestine consisted primarily of the dictation of letters (known in Bahá'í terminology as "tablets") and, when circumstances permitted, the reception of pilgrims. Bahá'u'lláh dictated the tablets to His secretary, usually Mírzá Áqá Ján. They were then transcribed by 'Abdu'l-Bahá, Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí, Zaynu'l-Muqarribín, and others, and dispatched to the Bahá'ís of Iran and elsewhere through couriers, such as Shaykh Salmán and Hájí Amín, and through pilgrims. Letters from the Bahá'ís were brought to the Holy Land by the same means. The flow of pilgrims had to be regulated, however. The undercurrent of antagonism to the Bahá'í Faith as a result of rumors that had been spread by its opponents, and the fact that the exiles remained prisoners of the government, meant that a sudden influx of pilgrims could have alarmed the authorities and created grave danger for the Faith. Bahá'u'lláh, therefore, required every pilgrim to obtain His permission before setting off on the journey and to pause at Beirut or Alexandria, where trusted representatives resided, for this permission to be confirmed before proceeding to Acre.
'Abdu'l-Bahá, who continued to live in the city of Acre in a residence known as the House of 'Abbúd, increasingly undertook day-to-day arrangements such as renting houses, securing food, and meeting with officials. Money to cover the expenses of the Bahá'ís came from a variety of sources. As was customary for those exiled for political reasons, the Ottoman government provided a small allowance for the maintenance of Bahá'u'lláh and those exiled with Him. This was later augmented by money that the Bahá'ís in the Holy Land were able to earn through trade. Also, Bahá'ís from Iran and other centers in the Middle East sent contributions and, later, payments of Huqúqu'lláh (Arabic: the "Right of God," a law providing for payment, as a private act of conscience, of a percentage of one's capital gains to a fund at the disposition of the Head of the Faith). Despite this income, however, financial resources were limited, and the exiles lived simply; a pilgrim who visited the Holy Land in the last months of Bahá'u'lláh's life records, for example, that the room in which Bahá'u'lláh lived at Bahjí was bare except for a chair and reed matting on the floor.2
Bahá'u'lláh arrived in Acre with sixty-six family members and companions. Over the years, numbers of Bahá'ís, some driven from their homes by persecution, some wanting to be close to Bahá'u'lláh, settled in the Acre–Haifa area. By the time of Bahá'u'lláh's passing in 1892, these totaled about three hundred. A few served in the household of Bahá'u'lláh and in the Garden of Ridván, a spot near Acre that Bahá'u'lláh often visited, and in other gardens, but the majority took up occupations such as shopkeepers, carpenters, and iron- and coppersmiths in Acre and Haifa. When, on Bahá'u'lláh's instructions, land was purchased on the Sea of Galilee, Mírzá Muhammad Qulí, Bahá'u'lláh's half-brother, moved to Nuqayb to farm a tract of land that had been assigned to him.
During the ministry of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, from 1892 to 1921, the affairs of the Bahá'í World Center became more complex. With the rebellion of Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí ('Abdu'l-Bahá's half-brother, the second surviving son of Bahá'u'lláh) and his supporters against the covenantal authority of 'Abdu'l-Bahá, the Mansion of Bahjí, in which Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí and his family resided, was no longer under the control of the Head of the Bahá'í Faith. The activities of these Covenant-breakers (Bahá'ís who attempt to disrupt the unity of the Faith by opposing the authority of Bahá'u'lláh or His designated successors as Head of the Faith) caused further problems when they led to the renewal of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's incarceration within the walls of Acre in 1901.
In 1896 'Abdu'l-Bahá rented the House of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá in Acre, both to receive pilgrims, who were now coming from Europe and America as well as from the Middle East, and to house His growing extended family as His daughters began to marry. Later, from about 1907, He began to move His family to Haifa, where He joined them in 1909 after His release from incarceration. His house in Haifa, located on what is now known as Haparsim (Persian) Street at the foot of Mount Carmel, became the administrative center of the Bahá'í Faith.
'Abdu'l-Bahá had several secretaries who served Him in this capacity for varying lengths of time and who helped Him with His correspondence. Usually, one secretary was fluent in English and assisted with the correspondence received in that language. 'Abdu'l-Bahá continued Bahá'u'lláh's pattern of corresponding with individual Bahá'ís. As the postal services in the Middle East improved, the need to use Bahá'í couriers decreased.
One of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's main achievements in developing the Bahá'í World Center—indeed, one of the greatest achievements of His ministry3—was the construction of the Shrine of the Báb on Mount Carmel at a spot that had been designated by Bahá'u'lláh. This was an enterprise fraught with problems at every stage. 'Abdu'l-Bahá laid the foundation stone for the Shrine in 1899, but construction continued for many years. On 21 March 1909 'Abdu'l-Bahá laid the remains of the Báb to rest in a vault within the Shrine. Twelve years later, on 29 November 1921, 'Abdu'l-Bahá was buried in an adjacent vault. Shoghi Effendi later enlarged the Shrine and completed the building by adding a superstructure (See Section: Development under Shoghi Effendi).
From about 1909 onward, pilgrims were accommodated in Haifa. A pilgrim house built near the Shrine of the Báb in 1909 by Mírzá Ja'far Rahmání, a Bahá'í from Ashgabat in Turkmenistan, housed pilgrims from the Middle East. Pilgrims from the West stayed in a house opposite 'Abdu'l-Bahá's residence in Haifa.
Development under Shoghi Effendi
In 1921, when Shoghi Effendi became Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith according to the provisions of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's Will and Testament, he promptly considered the steps required for the establishment of the Universal House of Justice, the supreme council of the Bahá'í Administrative Order (See: Administration, Bahá'í). In 1922 he gathered in Haifa "a group of representative and well-known Bahá'ís" to discuss establishing the Universal House of Justice.4 However, it became apparent that such a move would be premature, as it required a firm administrative foundation and a pool of well-informed Bahá'ís from which to draw both electors and membership—conditions that did not exist in 1922.
Thus Shoghi Effendi "set about trying to establish at least the preliminary forms that might precede its election."5 During the early years of his ministry, he began bringing to Haifa Bahá'ís who could form a secretariat to assist him in his work. His first collaborator, Dr. John E. Esslemont from England, arrived in Haifa in November 1924 but died suddenly a year later, in November 1925. Others whom Shoghi Effendi approached were unable for a variety of reasons to come to Haifa or came but soon had to leave. As a result, Shoghi Effendi gave up for the time being the idea of bringing a number of competent Bahá'ís to Haifa to form an international Bahá'í secretariat. Instead, he relied on members of his family to assist him in his work as Guardian. Whenever he was absent from the Holy Land, he left principal responsibility in the hands of his great-aunt Bahíyyih Khánum, the daughter of Bahá'u'lláh. Shoghi Effendi's father, Mírzá Hádí Shírází Afnán, represented him in meetings with officials and assisted with Persian correspondence. Shoghi Effendi's cousins Rúhí and Suhayl Afnán and his brother Husayn Rabbání, all of whom had studied in Beirut, served Shoghi Effendi, among others, in the position of English secretary. He had Persian secretaries as well: 'Azízu'lláh Bahádur, Mahmúd Zarqání, and Núri'd-dín Zayn.
In 1925 Shoghi Effendi invited Effie Baker, the first Australian woman to become a Bahá'í (See: Dunn, Clara, and Dunn, John Henry Hyde.Arrival in Australia), to remain in Haifa after her pilgrimage. She served until 1936 as the keeper of the Western Pilgrim House and the custodian of the International Bahá'í Archives. An accomplished photographer, she took photographs of the Bahá'í World Center, many of which were published in early volumes of the publication called The Bahá'í World. Between July 1930 and January 1931, at Shoghi Effendi's request, Baker traveled extensively in Iraq and Iran, creating a photographic record of sites associated with Bábí and Bahá'í history.
In the summer of 1929, Shoghi Effendi conceived the idea of holding an international conference at which the formation of National Spiritual Assemblies (See: Administration, Bahá'í.Institutions of Bahá'í Administration.National Spiritual Assemblies) in the Middle East, as well as the subject of the Bahá'í administration in general, could be informally discussed. Plans for the conference were in hand when Shoghi Effendi learned that some of the older believers saw this as an opportunity to elect some form of interim international body. Shoghi Effendi believed this to be untimely and canceled the conference, saying it would be "a source of confusion, misunderstanding and even controversy."6 He held in abeyance for the next twenty years the idea of setting up a precursor to the House of Justice, concentrating instead on building up the network of Local and National Spiritual Assemblies around the world as "the bedrock upon the strength of which the Universal House is in future to be firmly established and raised."7
From the beginning of his ministry, Shoghi Effendi also devoted great effort to the physical development of the Bahá'í World Center—safeguarding, extending, and beautifying its properties. Mírzá Muhammad-'Alí and his supporters let the Mansion of Bahjí fall into so dilapidated a condition that by November 1927 the roof was in danger of collapsing, causing them to seek assistance from Shoghi Effendi. He was then able to insist that they evacuate the building before he undertook repairs. They moved out of the mansion two years later, and Shoghi Effendi immediately set about restoring it. Later he obtained the approval of the British authorities for it to become a museum, permanently transferred to his control as Head of the Faith. In 1952 he was able to acquire extensive land around Bahjí for its beautification. Just before his passing in 1957, Shoghi Effendi succeeded in negotiating the expropriation by the state of the last of the properties around Bahjí occupied by the remnants of the Covenant-breakers. He also obtained permission for the Bahá'ís to have access to the room in the Acre citadel that had been occupied by Bahá'u'lláh, and in 1950 he secured the lease of the property at Mazra'ih, where Bahá'u'lláh resided from 1877 to 1879.
In Haifa, Shoghi Effendi improved the facilities for pilgrims by building the Western Pilgrim House, which had been contemplated by 'Abdu'l-Bahá, on a site across Haparsim Street from the House of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. This project had been initiated through a benefaction by Harry Randall, one of the early Bahá'ís in the United States, and was completed in 1926 with the assistance of Amelia Collins, another prominent American Bahá'í. Shoghi Effendi supervised the addition of three rooms to the Shrine of the Báb, as intended by 'Abdu'l-Bahá, built its superstructure (completed in 1953), and progressively extended the terrace on which it stands; purchased land for the buildings of the permanent administrative center, the terraces above and below the Shrine of the Báb, and the site for the future Bahá'í House of Worship (Mashriqu'l-Adhkár) in Haifa; laid out rudimentary and symbolic terraces below the Shrine, linking it to the main avenue of the city; erected a befitting memorial over the resting place of Bahíyyih Khánum and transferred the remains of the brother (See: Mihdí, Mírzá) and the mother of 'Abdu'l-Bahá to a location near it; and constructed the first of the buildings of the administrative center, the International Archives Building, which was completed in 1957. Shoghi Effendi frequently referred to Bahá'u'lláh's Tablet of Carmel, written in 1890 during one of His visits to Mount Carmel, as the charter for the development of the Bahá'í World Center.
When the Jewish-Arab conflict in the Holy Land reached a peak in the 1940s, Shoghi Effendi asked the majority of the Bahá'ís to leave the country, except for a small number whom he retained as caretakers of the Bahá'í holy places and gardens and for other essential services.
Shoghi Effendi maintained cordial contacts with local and national figures in Mandatory Palestine and later in the State of Israel, thereby facilitating the recognition of the Bahá'í World Center by the authorities and the granting of tax-exempt status to the Bahá'í holy places, beginning in 1934 with the properties on Mount Carmel. The recognition thus won from the British Mandate authorities was continued after 1947 by the State of Israel. Among the actions taken by Shoghi Effendi to consolidate the position of the Bahá'í World Center was the establishment of Palestine branches (later, Israel branches) of several National Spiritual Assemblies. Shoghi Effendi was then able to transfer to these officially incorporated bodies various Bahá'í properties in the Acre–Haifa area that had previously been held in the names of individuals.
As the Bahá'í administrative institutions around the world developed, they became the primary focus of Shoghi Effendi's extensive correspondence, which comprised approximately thirty-six thousand letters and messages. He also remained in contact with individual Bahá'ís in every land.
The support and secretarial assistance that Shoghi Effendi's family gave him gradually diminished during the 1940s and early 1950s, as one by one the surviving relatives broke the Covenant and were expelled from the Bahá'í community. Soon only his wife, Rúhíyyih Khánum (See: Hands of the Cause of God), whom Shoghi Effendi described as "my helpmate, my shield . . . and my tireless collaborator,"8 remained to assist him with his English correspondence. Her father, Canadian architect Sutherland Maxwell (See: Hands of the Cause of God), designed the superstructure of the Shrine of the Báb and aided Shoghi Effendi in its construction. In 1947 Rúhíyyih Khánum's close friend Gladys Anderson was invited to move from the United States to Haifa, where she took over a wide range of responsibilities. In early 1948 her fiancé, Ben Weeden, was also invited to serve at the Bahá'í World Center. He assisted with the building projects, among other assignments. After their marriage, the couple attended many official functions and played a role in contacting government officials on Shoghi Effendi's behalf. Their services in this capacity continued until February 1951, when Ben Weeden had to leave Haifa because of ill health. Gladys Weeden continued her work in Haifa for nearly a year, leaving to join her husband in early 1952.
During the months spanning the end of 1950 and the beginning of 1951, Shoghi Effendi took a major step in the development of the administrative institutions at the Bahá'í World Center. In November 1950 he invited five Bahá'ís to serve in Haifa. They were Lutfu'lláh Hakím, originally from Iran but then residing in England, who had served at the Bahá'í World Center during the ministry of `Abdu'l-Bahá; Amelia Collins and Charles Mason Remey, prominent American Bahá'ís since the time of `Abdu'l-Bahá (both of whom Shoghi Effendi would shortly name among the first contingent of the Hands of the Cause of God); and Ethel Revell and Jessie Revell, sisters from the United States who had also been Bahá'ís since the time of `Abdu'l-Bahá. After these five arrived, he informed them, the Weedens, and Rúhíyyih Khánum of his intention to appoint them as members of an International Bahá'í Council, with Rúhíyyih Khánum to be the liaison between the Guardian and the Council. In a message dated 9 January 1951, he proclaimed to the Bahá'í world the "weighty epoch-making decision" to form the "first embryonic International Institution" of the Bahá'í Faith.9
With the unexpected departure of the Weedens, the Council consisted of six members. In March 1952 Shoghi Effendi announced the enlargement of the Council to include Leroy Ioas from the United States, as Secretary-General, and Ugo Giachery from Italy, member at large. Like Collins and Remey, both had recently been named Hands of the Cause. Subsequently, Shoghi Effendi appointed a ninth member, Sylvia Ioas, who resided in Haifa with her husband, Leroy. Shoghi Effendi gave the members of the International Bahá'í Council many of the functions of liaison with government authorities.
After Shoghi Effendi's death in 1957, the staff at the Bahá'í World Center continued to expand. The Hands of the Cause of God, who functioned as the Head of the Bahá'í Faith during the interregnum between Shoghi Effendi's passing and the election of the Universal House of Justice in 1963, appointed nine of their number to serve at the World Center under the overall authority of the body of the Hands of the Cause. For ease of reference in relations between the Bahá'í World Center and the Israeli authorities, these nine Hands residing in the Holy Land were designated the Custodians. They established their office in a building within the precincts of the House of 'Abdu'l-Bahá.10 The office of the International Bahá'í Council remained in the Western Pilgrim House. The Council continued to function under the direction of the Hands of the Cause in the Holy Land, who called on all the members of National and Regional Spiritual Assemblies throughout the world to elect a new nine-member council in 1961, for a two-year term, in preparation for the election of the Universal House of Justice in April 1963.
Development under the Universal house of Justice
When the Universal House of Justice was elected in 1963, its nine members and their families took up residence in Haifa. The Western Pilgrim House became the offices of the Universal House of Justice, and a small secretariat was recruited to serve it. From that time onward, the Bahá'í World Center has continued to grow, and the number of those working as volunteers has increased, by March 2008 totaling 665 full-time volunteer workers from seventy-nine countries. A large proportion of the staff consists of youth volunteers (numbering some 338 between the ages of 18 and 30 in March 2008) who assist with various support activities.
A measure of the expansion at the Bahá'í World Center is the fact that whole departments are now responsible for tasks that Shoghi Effendi used to undertake single-handedly. The exact organization of departments and offices varies from time to time, but they can be grouped into the following categories:
- Secretariat—concerned with the correspondence of the Universal House of Justice, including the filing, indexing, and retrieval of this material, as well as the processing of responses to incoming letters.
- Research Department—responsible under the direction of the Universal House of Justice for preparing material from the authoritative Bahá'í texts on issues specified by the Universal House of Justice, as well as producing compilations of scripture, translating and checking translations, and researching questions that come from all parts of the Bahá'í world.
- Department of Library and Archival Services—divided into an Archives Office, responsible for the preservation, arrangement, and description of the Bahá'í authoritative texts; a Conservation Office, responsible for preserving the Bahá'í sacred writings and relics, as well as other historic documents and artifacts; and the Bahá'í World Center Library.
- Offices charged with the responsibility for major construction and renovation projects and for the preservation and maintenance of the holy places and other Bahá'í properties at the World Center, including acquisition, restoration and construction, cleaning, maintenance, security, and gardens development. Important acquisitions include outright ownership of Mazra'ih (1973), the House of 'Abdu'lláh Páshá (1975), and additional land around Bahjí and Mazra'ih and on Mount Carmel. This group of offices also organizes pilgrimages.
- Offices concerned with all legal issues and relations with government agencies, the media, and civil society. On 22 April 1987 an international agreement was signed with the State of Israel, carrying forward the recognition that had been obtained by Shoghi Effendi under the British Mandate and in the early years of the creation of the State of Israel and defining the relationship of the Bahá'í World Center with the state.
- Offices responsible for statistical analysis and for audiovisual resources.
- Offices responsible for worldwide issues related to socioeconomic development and the environment.
- Offices concerned with the management of funds, including such functions as handling contributions, accounting, purchasing, disbursements, and cost analysis.
- Offices that perform service functions—meeting needs for data processing, personnel, accommodation, health, telecommunications, and administrative development.
Certain offices and institutions have functioned as adjuncts and auxiliaries of the Bahá'í World Center although physically located outside the Acre–Haifa area. The first of these was the International Bahá'í Bureau, established in 1925 in Geneva. Currently, Bahá'í official contacts with most international organizations are carried out through the external affairs offices of the Bahá'í International Community situated in Haifa, New York, Geneva, and elsewhere.
In 1973 the International Teaching Center was established to function as the central institution coordinating the work of the Continental Boards of Counselors and their Auxiliary Boards around the world. The members of the International Teaching Center were the Hands of the Cause, throughout their lifetimes, and Counselors appointed by the Universal House of Justice to serve in that capacity. The former Western Pilgrim House was the office of the International Teaching Center for many years until its own building on Mount Carmel was completed in 2000. At present the International Teaching Center has nine full-time Counselors as members and a growing support staff.
Communications between the Bahá'í World Center and the rest of the Bahá'í world have increasingly moved from letters and cablegrams to newer electronic forms such as electronic mail, entailing a corresponding increase in use of electronic data storage and retrieval.
During the last quarter of the twentieth century, the Bahá'í World Center entered a new stage in its development. Several new buildings were erected. The first was the Seat of the Universal House of Justice; ground was broken in 1975, and the building was occupied in January 1983. The next major construction on Mount Carmel occurred in the period 1990–2001, with completion between 1999 and 2001 of the buildings for the International Teaching Center and the Center for the Study of the Texts; an extension to the International Bahá'í Archives Building; landscaped Terraces of the Shrine of the Báb, which stretch from the foot of Mount Carmel to its crest; and an Office of Public Information building, located under Terrace 11, that includes a Visitor Information Center.
On 22–23 May 2001, over four thousand people—Bahá'ís and guests from 180 countries, dignitaries from Israel, international diplomats, and representatives of the news media—attended ceremonies marking the opening to the public of the Terraces on Mount Carmel. Free guided tours, which began in June 2001, are staffed by multi-ethnic guides trained by the Beit Hagefen Arab-Jewish Cultural Center and by Bahá'í volunteer workers. In March 2009, to accommodate the half million people who visit the Bahá'í gardens in both Acre and Haifa annually, the Bahá'í International Community launched an informational website for visitors (See: The Bahá'í Gardens ) and announced expanded tour options.
In the vicinity of the Shrine of the Báb, a Pilgrim Reception Center opened in 2000. Located in two historic buildings that were restored and remodeled, the complex accommodates activities by increased numbers of pilgrims. At Bahjí, a Pilgrim Facilities and Visitor's Center was built in 2001.
In late 2008 work began on restoration and updating of the Shrine of the Báb. The four-year project, which includes earthquake reinforcement and various renovations, will not alter the building's appearance. Although the shrine will be enclosed in scaffolding and covered in canvas sheeting for approximately two years, it will remain open to pilgrims and visitors except for brief periods.
In July 2008 the UNESCO World Heritage Committee chose to add the Bahá'í Holy Places in Haifa and Western Galilee to the World Heritage List of properties of "outstanding universal value" in the world's cultural and natural heritage.
Spiritual Significance
Bahá'u'lláh describes the land to which He was banished thus: "This Holy Land hath been mentioned and extolled in all the sacred Scriptures. In it have appeared the Prophets of God and His chosen Ones. . . . This is the promised Land in which He Who is the Revelation of God was destined to be made manifest. . . . the Land of unfading splendor. Whatever hath come to pass in this Day hath been foretold in the Scriptures of old."11 Shoghi Effendi describes it as "the Land promised by God to Abraham, sanctified by the Revelation of Moses, honored by the lives and labors of the Hebrew patriarchs, judges, kings and prophets, revered as the cradle of Christianity, and as the place where Zoroaster . . . 'held converse with some of the Prophets of Israel,' and associated by Islám with the Apostle's night-journey . . . to the throne of the Almighty."12
Shoghi Effendi stresses the significance of both the spiritual and administrative world centers of the Bahá'í Faith having been permanently fixed in the Acre–Haifa area in the Holy Land. The most important location is the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh, the qiblih of the Bahá'í world. Second in spiritual importance is the Shrine of the Báb, situated on Mount Carmel, the "Mountain of God." Shoghi Effendi describes the remains of the Báb as being at the center of "nine concentric circles," the outermost of which is the entire planet, the next being the Holy Land, then Mount Carmel, the Bahá'í properties on Mount Carmel, the gardens and terraces that enclose the Shrine of the Báb, the superstructure of the Shrine itself, the original Shrine built by 'Abdu'l-Bahá, the vault under the central room of the Shrine, and the alabaster sarcophagus in which the remains of the Báb lie.13 The presence of the tombs of the sister, brother, and mother of 'Abdu'l-Bahá in the Monument Gardens adjacent to the Shrine of the Báb "incalculably reinforces the spiritual potencies of that consecrated Spot,"14 which is "designated by Bahá'u'lláh Himself" as "the seat of God's throne."15 The world administrative institutions of the Bahá'í Faith are, thus, inextricably linked with sites of great spiritual significance.
In May 2001 the Universal House of Justice, addressing the Bahá'ís gathered in Haifa for the opening of the Terraces of the Shrine of the Báb, linked the developments on Mount Carmel with a new stage in the Bahá'í Faith's and humanity's evolution:
The majestic buildings that now stand . . . on the slope of the Mountain of God, together with the magnificent flight of garden terraces that embrace the Shrine of the Báb . . . offer timeless witness to the fact that the followers of Bahá'u'lláh have successfully laid the foundations of a worldwide community transcending all differences that divide the human race, and have brought into existence the principal institutions of a unique and unassailable Administrative Order that shapes this community's life. In the transformation that has taken place on Mount Carmel, the Bahá'í Cause emerges as a visible and compelling reality on the global stage, as the focal center of forces that will, in God's good time, bring about the reconstruction of society, and as a mystic source of spiritual renewal for all who turn to it.16


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The Texas Instruments MSP430 family of ultra-low-power microcontrollers consists of several devices featuring different sets of peripherals targeted for various applications. The architecture, combined with five low power modes, is optimized to achieve extended battery life in portable measurement applications. The device features a powerful 16-bit RISC CPU, 16-bit registers, and constant generators that contribute to maximum code efficiency. The digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) allows wake-up from low-power modes to active mode in less than 6 µs.
The MSP430F417 is a microcontroller configuration with one or two built-in 16-bit timers, a comparator, 96 LCD segment drive capability, and 48 I/O pins.
Typical applications include sensor systems that capture analog signals, convert them to digital values, and process the data and transmit them to a host system. The comparator and timer make the configurations ideal for industrial meters, counter applications and handheld meters.
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The library envisions that it will fulfill its role as a contributor to academic and research activities of the institution.
To provide convenient and effective access to quality library services and information resources to support the excellence in teaching and learning process.
- To build an organized and readily accessible collection of information resources to meet the user needs.
- To build a quality collection which serves as a resource for better learning.
- To promote the use of library and its valued users.
- To work cooperatively with other departments of the college to provide the best services and resources for its users.
The college library has a closed access system with diverse collection in subjects like computer application, accounting, sociology. Economics, tourism, commerce, environmental studies, psychology, management, sports, history, mathematics, etc. The library has around 20,950 books and subscribes 59 journals of national and international origin, e-journals, 51 magazines, 11 newspapers and N-List database of INFLIBNET.
The library is open for 9 hours i.e. from 8:15 a.m. to 5:15 p.m. The library collection is enriched every year by adding new books and e-resources. The library is automated using Bookworm software.
The library has a spacious hall for reference wherein 100 readers can be accommodated at a time. The library also provides photocopying facility, Current Awareness Service (CAS), internet browsing facility, reading room for students, audio-visual section and centre for research for faculty members. Library orientation is conducted at the beginning of the academic year to acquaint the students with the functioning of the library. Book exhibitions are conducted 3-4 times in a year and various activities are carried out for students as well to render the library user friendly.