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|This article is about a/an summary of all the shows and films in the Super Sentai series.
- "We are the Super Sentai!"
- ―roll call in unison[src]
The Super Sentai Series (スーパー戦隊シリーズ Sūpā Sentai Shirīzu) is the name given to the long running Japanese "superhero team" genre of shows produced by Toei and Bandai and aired by TV Asahi, that is used as the basis for Power Rangers. ("Super" refers to their use of mecha, and "sentai" is the Japanese word for "task force" or, literally, "fighting squadron" and was also a term used for Japanese squadrons in World War II.) The shows are of the '"tokusatsu" genre, featuring live action characters and colorful special effects, and are aimed mainly at families. This series is one of the most prominent tokusatsu productions in Japan, alongside the Ultra Series, the Kamen Rider Series, and the Metal Hero Series.
The first Sentai series, Himitsu Sentai Gorenger, in April 1975, was created by the late Shotaro Ishinomori, creator of Kamen Rider and Cyborg 009 in 1975. He did not create any further Sentai series after his second, J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai, was not received well. These two series were originally both just called Sentai and were not a part of the Super Sentai series until 1994 when Toei decided to include them with the series that followed.
Following J.A.K.Q., Toei chose to work with Marvel Comics to produce the live action adaptation of Spider-Man (1978), which included the first giant robot in a Toei Superhero show. This concept was used in Toei and Marvel's project Battle Fever J (1979) and was deemed the first Super Sentai Series. The following production of Denshi Sentai Denziman was the first production solely by Toei and written by "Saburo Yatsude".
The term Sentai is also occasionally used to describe shows with similar premises, such as Voltron, or even the magical girl team in Sailor Moon, as Naoko Takeuchi deliberately used Sentai ideas.
In 2003, Sailor Moon was retold in a fashion somewhat similar to Sentai shows in the form of Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon. While not officially Sentai, some fans of the genre have accepted it as such.
The first ever Sentai to be adapted into Power Rangers was Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger (1992), utilizing footage from all 50 episodes. (Saban tried to adapt the previous Sentai into a Power Rangers show, with Zyuranger to be adapted into a second season, but they were unable to get the rights to the Jetman footage, so they used just Zyuranger instead.) When the series enters their anniversary, they use special logos to commemorate them. So far, only three of them is used to commemorate the series: The 25th anniversary logo is for Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger, the 30th for GoGo Sentai Boukenger, and the 35th for Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger.
From Goranger in 1975 to the first episode of Ninninger on Februrary 22nd, 2015, the franchise will have aired 1,925 episodes. The Sentai following Ninninger,Jyuuouger, will be the 40th Anniversary Sentai. Within this, the 2,000th Episode of the overall Sentai Series will air.
Series overview
In every Super Sentai series, the fight between good and evil is illustrated, with the good side winning most of the time. The basic premise of the series is that a group of five (in some cases fewer) people gain special powers (magical or technological), wear colored outfits, and use advanced weapons and martial arts skills to battle powerful beings from other planets and/or dimensions threatening to take over the Earth. In most of the episodes, after the team has beaten an army of evil creatures ("grunts") and the "monster of the week", they call for huge robotic vehicles/animals ("mechas") that can combine to form one giant robot to fight an enlarged version of the monster. Sentai series with the giant robot element are specifically known as Super Sentai. After each series ends or during the series, there are a number of TV and video specials feature a teaming up with previous Sentai.
Super Sentai has teamed up with its sister show Kamen Rider on occasion, with Samurai Sentai Shinkenger and Ressha Sentai ToQger having TV crossovers. This has become an annual event with the Super Hero Taisen film series, starting with Kamen Rider × Super Sentai: Super Hero Taisen.
Although the series originated in Japan, they were imported and dubbed in other languages for broadcast in several other countries.
Choudenshi Bioman, Choushinsei Flashman, Hikari Sentai Maskman, Choujuu Sentai Liveman, Kousoku Sentai Turboranger, Chikyuu Sentai Fiveman, and Choujin Sentai Jetman, were broadcast in France in the 1980s and early 1990s, with Maskman and Liveman marketed as Bioman 2 and Bioman 3, respectively. Additionally, Liveman, Turboranger, and Jetman were broadcast in Spain and Portugal. Denshi Sentai Denziman and Dai Sentai Goggle V were both broadcast in Italy. In addition, some episodes of Bioman were released on VHS in Greece.
Latin America
Choudenshi Bioman was dubbed in Spanish and aired in Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico and El Salvador by Caracol TV, RCTV/Televen, Azteca 7 and Canal 12, respectively. Choushinsei Flashman was broadcast in Ecuador on Ecuavisa, in Peru on Panamericana Televisión, in Mexico on Azteca 7 and it was broadcast several times through many years in Bolivia on RTP. The dub in Spanish was made by Everest Video, the same company which made the Portuguese dub and it was named, Comando Estelar Flashman, as in Brazil. In Peru, Choujuu Sentai Liveman was dubbed in Spanish on Panamericana Televisión and on Frecuencia Latina as Super Fuerza Liveman(Super Force Liveman) between 1992 and 1995 and it made a huge success. In Bolivia, the show was aired once on ATB Red Nacional and wasn't aired anymore. In Ecuador, was aired on Ecuavisa in the 90's and it enjoyed the same success as in Peru.
In Brazil, the first Super Sentai series to air was Dengeki Sentai Changeman in 1988, on the now-defunct TV Manchete (in 1999, it was renamed as Rede TV!), and made a tremendous impact at the time, being considered a cult classic. Due to the success of Changeman, other series were imported, such as Choushinsei Flashman, Hikari Sentai Maskman and Dai Sentai Goggle V. In place of later series in the franchise, the yearly iterations of the Power Rangers were dubbed into Brazilian Portuguese due to a general lower interest in tokusatsu programming in Brazil, as well as financial and bureaucratic issues. According to Toshihiko Egashira, the former owner of Everest Video (the company that licensed several tokusatsu shows in Brazil such as Changeman, Flashman and Juspion), in the mid-1990s, Choujuu Sentai Liveman and Kousoku Sentai Turboranger were already licensed to be aired in Brazil. At that time, some merchandise and gadgets of the shows appeared. However, at this height, the tokusatsu genre in Brazil was already low and no television channel was interested to air the shows. So, these shows, like the other Super Sentai shows, were unaired in Brazil.
Southeast Asia
J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai and Himitsu Sentai Gorenger (retitled Star Rangers) were the first Sentai series to be shown in the Philippines. Just as in France and Brazil, it was Choudenshi Bioman (dubbed in English) and Hikari Sentai Maskman (the first Super Sentai series dubbed in Filipino by the IBC-13 network) that most fans are familiar with. They were broadcast in the Philippines in the 1980s, along with Kousoku Sentai Turboranger, Chikyuu Sentai Fiveman, Choujin Sentai Jetman and Dai Sentai Goggle V in the early 1990s. Various Sentai series such as Fiveman and Choushinsei Flashman were also broadcast in Malaysia sometime in the 1990s dubbed into English. Almost all Super Sentai shows were broadcast in Thailand since the 1980s; there, most new shows were exclusively broadcast on Channel 9 a year late from its Japanese debut in the late 1980s to early 1990s until Power Rangers replaced Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger in the mid 1990s. Since then, the series have appeared on various other channels.
United States
- see Power Rangers
After Honolulu, Hawaii's KIKU-TV had success with Android Kikaider (called Kikaida) and Kamen Rider V3 in the 1970s, multiple Super Sentai shows, including Himitsu Sentai Gorenger and Battle Fever J, were brought to the Hawaiian market (all broadcast in Japanese with English subtitles by JN Productions). Gorenger was also broadcast on Japanese-language stations in Sacramento, San Francisco and Los Angeles, California in 1976–77. J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai was also broadcast in Los Angeles following Sentai Gorenger. In 1985, Marvel Comics produced a pilot for an American adaptation of a Super Sentai series, but the show was rejected by the major US TV networks. In 1986, Saban Productions produced a pilot for an American adaptation of Choudenshi Bioman. In 1987, Kagaku Sentai Dynaman was dubbed and aired as a parody on the USA Network television show Night Flight.
In 1993, Haim Saban produced the first installment of the Power Rangers franchise by dubbing the action sequences from 1992's Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger and filming new footage with American actors for the story sequences. This trend has continued, with each successive Sentai show contributing the action sequences to the Power Rangers series the following year. In 2009, the Disney-owned production company was shut down in favor of re-broadcasting the original Mighty Morphin Power Rangers newly reversioned. On May 12, 2010, it was announced that Saban bought back the rights to the Power Rangers franchise and planned to premiere a new season based on Samurai Sentai Shinkenger on the Nickelodeon network. The series premiered on February 2011 as Power Rangers Samurai, and was the first season since Mighty Morphin that would use the same Sentai season for more than a year. While Tensou Sentai Goseiger and Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger were also adapted, it was revealed that Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters would be skipped in favor of Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger being adapted into Power Rangers Dino Charge. To compensate, Saban has decided to incorporate elements of the former into the latter, although it has not yet explained how.
On July 25, 2014, it was announced that Shout! Factory (distributor of Saban Brands programming) would be releasing Kyoryu Sentai Zyuranger on DVD, marking the first Super Sentai series to be released in it's original form. The set was released on February 17, 2015.[1]
South Korea
Super Sentai has also been broadcast in South Korea, dubbed from Japanese to Korean, starting as early as Choushinsei Flashman, titled Earth Protector Flashman. Recently, Tooniverse (formerly Orion Cartoon Network), JEI-TV (Jaeneung Television), CHAMP TV/ANIONE TV (DAEWON BROADCASTING), and Cartoon Network Korea have broadcast Bakuryuu Sentai Abaranger, Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger, Mahou Sentai Magiranger, GoGo Sentai Boukenger, Juken Sentai Gekiranger, Engine Sentai Go-onger, Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger, Tensou Sentai Goseiger, Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger, and Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters under the titles of Power Rangers Dino Thunder, Power Rangers S.P.D., Power Rangers Magic Force, Power Rangers Treasure Force, Power Rangers Wild Spirits, Power Rangers Engine Force, Power Rangers Jungle Force, Power Rangers Miracle Force, Power Rangers Captain Force, and Power Rangers Go Busters respectively. The Super Sentai series will continue in South Korea with a dub of Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger, which will be known as Power Rangers Dino Force.
Due to the high Japanese content of Samurai Sentai Shinkenger, this season was skipped in place of Gaoranger. However, Shinkenger, known as Power Rangers Samurai Force, still appeared in the Korean dub of Kamen Rider Decade due to their crossover with the series. In the Captain Force dub, they became known as Power Rangers Blade Force.
During the run of Power Rangers Captain Force, the Sentai shows before Abaranger kept their names. The exceptions were that Himitsu Sentai Gorenger became Five Rangers, Denshi Sentai Denziman became Power Rangers Power Man, Kyoryu Sentai Zyuranger became "Dino Rangers". Gosei Sentai Dairanger became Power Rangers Dairanger, Ninja Sentai Kakuranger became Power Rangers Ninja Rangers, Seijuu Sentai Gingaman became Power Rangers Galaxy Rangers, and Ninpu Sentai Hurricaneger became Power Rangers Ninja Storm.
TV series
The following is a list of the 39 Super Sentai Series and their years of broadcast. Each Super Sentai series has its own unique values and motifs:
- Himitsu Sentai Gorenger, aired from 1975–1977, and was the first Sentai Series. Developed by Shotaro Ishinomori, the Gorengers are a super-technology spy team that fight against a secret terrorist monster force: the Black Cross Army. At 84 episodes, Gorenger is the longest-running Super Sentai show in the franchise.
- J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai aired in 1977. It featured a team of cyborgs based on a playing card motif — Jack, Ace, King and Queen — later joined by another member who takes over the leadership roles. Due to low ratings, the series was canceled after 35 episodes - making it the shortest-running Super Sentai series. J.A.K.Q. also had a feature film that served as a crossover with Gorenger. This use of a crossover would not happen again until 1995, when it began an annual tradition for a V-Cinema release.
- Battle Fever J aired in 1979 and featured an international group of characters. This series was the first to be produced by Marvel Comics after Toei and Marvel worked together on Spider-Man and featured characters resembling Captain America and Miss America. The series' motif was unusual, wherein each member represented a certain country and did a specific dance. Battle Fever J also featured the first giant robot, an idea carried over from the Spider-Man production. From then on, the series' official name came to be Super Sentai. In addition, this was the first series to feature a team cannon formed from the members' individual weapons.
- Denshi Sentai Denziman aired in 1980 and was the first series completely produced by Toei. It is the first series to have a transforming giant robot and utilize an actual lens visor in the suits' helmet (unlike previous series where the visor was made of the same fiber of the helmet). The series was also the first to introduce a personal transformation device - in this case, each member wore a special ring.
- Taiyo Sentai Sun Vulcan aired in 1981 and served as a direct sequel to Denziman, with Machiko Soga's Queen Hedrian character returning. The series used an air, land, and sea motif and featured the first combining robot to be used, a trend that continues throughout the Super Sentai Series. It was also the first to use a transformation bracelet - a device that would be standard in majority of the Super Sentai franchise. Sun Vulcan was the only official series to have a three-member team throughout the show (with the fourth member being actually a substitute to another team member), and the only one to have an all-male team.
- Dai Sentai Goggle V aired in 1982 and featured motifs based on gemstones, ancient civilizations, and athletics, most notably rhythmic gymnastics. It was also the first series to start the tradition of the main cast members shouting the team name on the opening title. While a success, it was overshadowed by Space Sheriff Gavan, created by the main writer of Sun Vulcan and the beginning of the Metal Heroes franchise and generally the two were seen together during the year of airing.
- Kagaku Sentai Dynaman aired in 1983 and was the first series to use "spandex" costumes for the heroes and was the first series to remove the scarves from the costume (a tradition carried over from Ishinomori's Kamen Rider Series). It began developing stronger story elements and was the first to have a truly ambiguous "dark hero" who rode the line between hero and villain. Several episodes of Dynaman were comically dubbed into English and aired during the USA Network's 1987 Night Flight programming block.
- Choudenshi Bioman aired in 1984 and was the first series to feature two heroines on the team and the first to feature a helping robot to aid the heroes. The show was also the last to have a change in team members mid-season.
- Dengeki Sentai Changeman aired in 1985 and featured a motif based on legendary creatures in European traditions and focused on a trained military batallion fighting an alien invasion threat. At 55 episodes, it is the second longest-running of all the Super Sentai titles, after Gorenger.
- Choushinsei Flashman aired in 1986 involving five humans formerly of Earth returning to face their captors using technology and abilities gained while living on a planetary system, which gave them great powers but with an unexpected, tragic side-effect that emerges towards the end. This was the first series to add a second giant robot for the team to fight with. It was notated as the "10th Super Sentai". (with Gorenger and J.A.K.Q. counted at the time)
- Hikari Sentai Maskman aired in 1987 and featured a motif based on martial arts and Ch'i aura powers. It introduced the first five-piece combining robot, with an individual mecha piloted by each member of the team. The series also featured the first sixth warrior, appearing for only one episode.
- Choujuu Sentai Liveman aired in 1988 and featured an animal-based motif, and was the first Super Sentai series to have a female blue warrior and the first mech completely based on an animal. The series also featured the first addition of two new team members to a three-person team as well as the first combination of two individual robots into a single powerful robot.
- Kousoku Sentai Turboranger aired in 1989 and featured an automobile motif, as well as the first team made completely of high school teenagers. As the tenth anniversary of the Super Sentai Series (Gorenger and J.A.K.Q. were not included this time), Turboranger featured an anniversary crossover with the previous teams.
- Chikyuu Sentai Fiveman aired in 1990 and featured both an antagonistic team of villainous counterparts and a team power upgrade armor. The motif of the series is a mix of martial arts and education, as each member poses as a school teacher. The series is also the first to have the entire team consist of family siblings.
- Choujin Sentai Jetman aired in 1991 and featured a bird motif, an homage to the anime and manga Science Ninja Team Gatchaman. The series was the first to feature a marriage of two members of the team and the last to feature the death of a main team member for over 20 years. Jetman also featured the first tertiary robot that could operate on its own and a manga epilogue that introduced a new member.
- Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger aired in 1992 and used prehistoric creatures (dinosaurs and extinct Pleistocene megafauna) as a motif. The series introduced both the first regular sixth team member and the first seven mecha combination. Zyuranger was later adapted into Mighty Morphin Power Rangers for American audiences, beginning the Power Rangers franchise.
- Gosei Sentai Dairanger aired in 1993 using kung fu and traditional Chinese mythological creatures as a motif, as well as a unique storytelling style giving a sub-plot to each of the team members. The mecha action scenes, plus footage of their sixth member, KibaRanger, were adapted into the second season of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.
- Ninja Sentai Kakuranger aired in 1994 and had a ninja motif and one loosely based on the classic Journey to the West. The series featured the first five-piece secondary robot. As another anniversary series, the crossover Super Sentai World was produced featuring characters from Fiveman, Jetman, Zyuranger, Dairanger and Kakuranger. Many elements of the series, such as the mecha designs and action scenes, were adapted in the third season of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, as well as its Mini-Series Mighty Morphin Alien Rangers.
- Chouriki Sentai Ohranger aired in 1995 using motifs of the advance technology of ancient civilizations and psychic card shapes. This series was considered an anniversary season for the 20th anniversary of Gorenger (with both that series and J.A.K.Q. permanently counted from here on) Ohranger began the annual VS Series V-Cinema releases with Chouriki Sentai Ohranger: Ole vs. Kakuranger. The series was adapted into Power Rangers Zeo, following up form the original series.
- Gekisou Sentai Carranger aired in 1996, and used automobiles as a motif, serving as a parody of Turboranger and the Super Sentai Series as a whole. The series also was the first to utilize more work-based vehicles (such as police cars, fire trucks and construction equipment) as mechs and to have a mech with interchangeable parts. Carranger was adapted into Power Rangers Turbo.
- Denji Sentai Megaranger aired in 1997 using electronics, video gaming and space travel as a motif, with several elements of the series paying homage to Bioman. Megaranger featured the first silver-colored hero and the evil Jaden Sentai Nejiranger team who serve as villains for an entire story arc. Mega Silver's Keitaizer marked the debut of the cell phone-based transformation device, which would be standard in many later Super Sentai titles. Megaranger would later be adapted into Power Rangers in Space, which closed the overarching plot of the previous seasons.
- Seijuu Sentai Gingaman aired in 1998 featured a classical elements motif as well as two additional combining robots in addition to the primary robot used by the Gingamen. It was adapted into Power Rangers: Lost Galaxy, the first stand-alone series in the American franchise.
- Kyukyu Sentai GoGo-V aired in 1999 using an emergency service motif. GoGoFive is the first series since Jetman to only feature five heroes. Additional heroes appear in one of its V-Cinema productions. Much like Fiveman, the series' protagonists were all siblings. This series was adapted in 2000 as Power Rangers: Lightspeed Rescue, which was the first series to have an exclusive Ranger, the Titanium Ranger.
- Mirai Sentai Timeranger aired in 2000 and featured a time travel motif (four of the five main heroes are police officers from the year 3000). The series features the first additional hero whose costume is the same color as one of the original heroes. Timeranger would be adapted into the first Power Rangers series of the 21st century, Time Force.
- Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger aired in 2001 using an animal motif, and was the first series to utilize multiple possible mecha combinations from a planned total of one-hundred mecha (only 22 were utilized in the series run). It also began the tradition of a film adaptation as a double bill with that year's Kamen Rider Series film (the first individual film since Ohranger, not counting GoGo-V). Gaoranger also served as the 25th Anniversary series, featuring the Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger vs. Super Sentai crossover V-Cinema release. Gaoranger was adapted the following year into Power Rangers: Wild Force, which marked the franchise's 10th anniversary.
- Ninpu Sentai Hurricaneger aired in 2002 and used a ninjutsu motif with elemental powers, taking elements from Kakuranger as well as Liveman. Hurricaneger features the rival Gouraiger team with insect-themed powers, the free agent Shurikenger, and a series of smaller mecha that serve as weapons for the teams' robots. The series was adapted as Power Rangers: Ninja Storm, the first Power Rangers series made in New Zealand instead of California. 10 years later, a return movie was released that reunited the Hurricanegers, Gouraigers, and a new Shurikenger.
- Bakuryuu Sentai Abaranger aired in 2003 and used a motif of extinct animals (as with Zyuranger) but the first completely made of dinosaurs. It is the first series to present an alternate transformation for one of its members (AbaRed into AbareMax), and a sole evil warrior (AbareKiller). The series was adapted in 2004 into Power Rangers: Dino Thunder, which brought Tommy Oliver back as a regular character and Ranger.
- Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger aired in 2004 and uses a police/detective motif taking elements from Denziman, Bioman and Carranger with its heroes fighting extraterrestrial criminals. The series features the first semi-regular seventh hero (Deka Master) and three additional heroines who appear once each throughout the series: DekaSwan (episode 36), DekaBright (ep. 40), and DekaGold (Dekaranger The Movie: Full Blast Action). This series started the tradition of a "passing the torch" segment after the ending credits of the series finale: the red warrior of the series that has just ended interacts with the red warrior of the upcoming series. Dekaranger's American adaptation was 2005's Power Rangers SPD.
- Mahou Sentai Magiranger aired in 2005 uses a magic motif with mecha that are the heroes transformed. As with Fiveman and GoGoFive, Magiranger features an entire family of heroes: the core team are all brothers and sisters (as in Fiveman and GoGo-V), the sixth hero (the very first Gold hero) marries one of the core team members, and the rarely-used seventh and eighth heroes are the parents to the core team. The series was adapted into Power Rangers Mystic Force in 2006.
- GoGo Sentai Boukenger aired in 2006 using an adventure and treasure hunting motif. It is the first series to be filmed in 720p (High Definition). As the 30th Anniversary series, it included the 30 Sentai Encyclopedia featurettes at the end of each episode and the GoGo Sentai Boukenger vs. Super Sentai V-Cinema release. The Boukenger vs. Super Sentai film also introduced AkaRed, the spirit of the Super Sentai red warriors. Unlike previous series, Boukenger featured multiple groups of loosely allied antagonists instead of the usual one overarching antagonist group. The series was adapted into Power Rangers: Operation Overdrive which, like Wild Force, also coincided with its parent Sentai as a milestone anniversary; in Operation Overdrive's case, it was Power Rangers' 15th anniversary.
- Juken Sentai Gekiranger aired in 2007 and used a Chinese martial arts (eventually incorporating Muay Thai and karate in its additional warriors) theme with a wild animal motif. Instead of robots, the mecha of Gekiranger are manifestations of the heroes' qi. Gekiranger is also unique in that the story also focused on the show's two primary antagonists turned anti-heroes and introduced the first new colored hero (violet) in ten years. It was adapted into Power Rangers: Jungle Fury in 2008.
- Engine Sentai Go-Onger aired in 2008, featuring an automobile motif mixed with an ecological theme: the antagonists are seeking to pollute the Earth. It also features the first female additional hero who joins with a male additional hero, bringing the team size to seven regular members, and the first twelve-piece combining robot. As with Abaranger, the Go-Onger mecha are sentient and speak in the Japanese language. Go-Onger was also the first Super Sentai series to have its theme song single reach the top-ten of the Oricon Weekly charts at #4, after selling 22,000 records in its first week of being released and the theatrical release of its VS Series entry Engine Sentai Go-Onger vs. Gekiranger to commemorate the 15th entry of the VS Series. It was adapted into Power Rangers RPM in 2009, being the last series produced by Disney.
- Samurai Sentai Shinkenger aired in 2009, combining a samurai motif with other aspects of Japanese culture. Like Go-Onger before it, its theme song single also ranked highly on the Oricon, reaching #4 on the Daily Ranking Charts on its day of release, and peaked at #6 on the weekly charts for its first week of release. Shinkenger featured the first crossover with the Kamen Rider series it aired alongside, Kamen Rider Decade. It also features the first female red warrior, introduced towards the end of the series. After Saban's reacquisition of the rights in late 2010, Shinkenger was adapted into Power Rangers Samurai and Super Samurai, which aired in 2011 and 2012.
- Tensou Sentai Goseiger aired in 2010, combining an angel motif with collectible card games. The series is directly tied-in with the Super Sentai Battle: Dice-O arcade game; the protagonists use variations on the cards featured in the game to perform actions such as transforming, summoning weapons and mecha, and enacting various elemental powers. Various groups of antagonists appeared in the series, one after another, but all featured one common character. It was adapted as Power Rangers Megaforce in 2013 and one element was incorporated into Power Rangers Super Megaforce in 2014.
- Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger aired in 2011, with a pirate motif. As the 35th anniversary series, the protagonists have access to the powers of the previous 34 Super Sentai teams. Gokaiger is also unique in that representatives from all previous teams appear (even furthering storylines of characters in a couple of cases), as well as many cameos and connections to previous Sentai villains. Some elements of Gokaiger were adapted as Power Rangers Super Megaforce in 2014.
- Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters is the 2012 series; the theme combined spywork with computer technology and virus-busting with the main heroes possessing sentient partner machines. It is notable for having some influence from Power Rangers due to the 20th anniversary of Zyuranger (the first Sentai adapted into a PR series). It is the first series since Jetman to feature the death of a main team member as well as an enemy becoming an evil Ranger clone towards the end. Some elements of Go-Busters will be incorporated into Power Rangers Dino Charge in 2015.
- Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger is the 2013 series. The name is a reverse of "Kyoryu Sentai Zyuranger" (notice the pun, Zyuden-Ranger), and fittingly so, because, following both Zyuranger and Abaranger, it is the third series with a dinosaur motif. Kyoryuger is also the first Sentai to be filmed in 1080p (Full High Definition). It is the first series since Changeman to not feature a yellow Ranger, and the first season since Gaoranger to have four male Rangers and one female Ranger part of the core team. Mostly like Zyuranger, Gingaman, and Gaoranger, they have sentient mechas. It will be adapted as Power Rangers Dino Charge in 2015.
- Ressha Sentai ToQger is the 2014 series, with a train motif. Also similar to the Gokai Changes, the team can swap out their Ressha with that of another teammate's, called a Transfer Change. The sixth Ranger is special in both being the first monster Ranger and the first Orange Ranger since Battle Fever J.
- Shuriken Sentai Ninninger is be the 2015 series, and, following Kakuranger and Hurricanger, it will be the third series with a ninja motif. It is also the first team since Gaoranger to have Red, Blue and Yellow as males and a female White Ranger to take the place of a Green or Black Ranger in a team. It is also the first series in 10 years to have a male Yellow Ranger. The Sentai also introduces a cowboy motif Ranger as the Sixth Ranger in a ninja Sentai.
- Doubutsu Sentai Jyuuouger will be the 2016 series,it will succeed Shuriken Sentai Ninninger.
- Hikonin Sentai Akibaranger aired in 2012 along with Go-Busters. Although produced by Toei, it is an "unofficial" parody installment in the Super Sentai Series, and has an anime motif. Unlike the other Sentai Series, which air Sunday mornings on TV Asahi, it ran Friday nights on BS Asahi and Tokyo MX, a block typically used for anime. It was aimed at older otaku rather than kids, as evident in the series tagline ("Good little kids shouldn't watch").
- Hikonin Sentai Akibaranger Season Tsuu aired in 2013 along with Kyoryuger. It is the sequel series of Akibaranger, although in this show, many parts of the first season were rewritten.
Theatrical releases
- 1975: Himitsu Sentai Gorenger
- 1975: Himitsu Sentai Gorenger: The Blue Fortress
- 1976: Himitsu Sentai Gorenger: The Red Death Match
- 1976: Himitsu Sentai Gorenger: The Bomb Hurricane
- 1976: Himitsu Sentai Gorenger: Fire Mountain's Final Explosion
- 1977: J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai
- 1978: J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai vs. Gorenger
- 1980: Denshi Sentai Denziman
- 1981: Taiyo Sentai Sun Vulcan
- 1982: Dai Sentai Goggle-V
- 1983: Kagaku Sentai Dynaman
- 1984: Choudenshi Bioman
- 1985: Dengeki Sentai Changeman
- 1985: Dengeki Sentai Changeman: Shuttle Base! Crisis!
- 1986: Choushinsei Flashman
- 1987: Choushinsei Flashman: Big Rally! Titan Boy!!
- 1987: Hikari Sentai Maskman'
- 1989: Kousoku Sentai Turboranger
- 1993: Gosei Sentai Dairanger
- 1994: Ninja Sentai Kakuranger
- 1994: Super Sentai World
- 1994: Toei Hero Daishugō
- 1995: Chōriki Sentai Ohranger
- 2001: Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger: The Fire Mountain Roars
- 2002: Ninpu Sentai Hurricaneger Shushuuto the Movie
- 2003: Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger DELUXE: Abare Summer is Freezing Cold!
- 2004: Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger The Movie: Full Blast Action
- 2005: Mahou Sentai Magiranger The Movie: Bride of Infershia ~Maagi Magi Giruma Jinga~
- 2006: GoGo Sentai Boukenger The Movie: The Greatest Precious
- 2007: Juken Sentai Gekiranger: Nei-Nei! Hou-Hou! Hong Kong Decisive Battle
- 2008: Engine Sentai Go-Onger: Boom Boom! Bang Bang! GekijōBang!!
- 2009: Engine Sentai Go-Onger vs. Gekiranger
- 2009: Samurai Sentai Shinkenger the Movie: The Fateful War
- 2010: Samurai Sentai Shinkenger vs. Go-Onger: GinmakuBang!!
- 2010: Tensou Sentai Goseiger: Epic on the Movie
- 2011: Tensou Sentai Goseiger vs. Shinkenger: Epic on Ginmaku
- 2011: Gokaiger Goseiger Super Sentai 199 Hero Great Battle
- 2011: Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger the Movie: The Flying Ghost Ship
- 2012: Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger vs. Space Sheriff Gavan: The Movie
- 2012: Kamen Rider × Super Sentai: Super Hero Taisen
- 2012: Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters the Movie: Protect the Tokyo Enetower!
- 2013: Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters vs. Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger: The Movie
- 2013: Kamen Rider × Super Sentai × Space Sheriff: Super Hero Taisen Z
- 2014: Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger vs. Go-Busters: Dinosaur Great Battle! Farewell, Eternal Friends
- 2014: Ressha Sentai ToQger the Movie: Galaxy Line SOS
- 2015: Ressha Sentai ToQger vs. Kyoryuger: The Movie
V-Cinema releases
- 1996: Chouriki Sentai Ohranger: Ole vs. Kakuranger
- 1997: Gekisou Sentai Carranger vs. Ohranger
- 1998: Denji Sentai Megaranger vs. Carranger
- 1999: Seijuu Sentai Gingaman vs. Megaranger
- 1999: Kyukyu Sentai GoGo-V the Movie: Sudden Shock! A New Warrior
- 2000: Kyukyu Sentai GoGo-V vs. Gingaman
- 2001: Mirai Sentai Timeranger vs. GoGo-V
- 2001: Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger vs. Super Sentai
- 2003: Ninpu Sentai Hurricaneger vs. Gaoranger
- 2004: Bakuryuu Sentai Abaranger vs. Hurricaneger
- 2005: Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger vs. Abaranger
- 2006: Mahou Sentai Magiranger vs. Dekaranger
- 2007: GoGo Sentai Boukenger vs. Super Sentai
- 2008: Juken Sentai Gekiranger vs. Boukenger
- 2010: Samurai Sentai Shinkenger Returns
- 2011: Tensou Sentai Goseiger Returns
- 2013: Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters Returns vs. Dōbutsu Sentai Go-Busters
- 2013: Ninpu Sentai Hurricaneger: 10 YEARS AFTER
- 2014: Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger: 100 YEARS AFTER
- 2015:Ressha Sentai ToQger Returns: Super ToQ 7gou of Dreams
Televi Magazine Super Video/Special DVD
- Kyoryu Sentai Zyuranger Dino Video
- Ninja Sentai Kakuranger Super Video: The Hidden Scroll
- Chouriki Sentai Ohranger Member Notebook
- Gekisou Sentai Carranger Super Video
- Denji Sentai Megaranger Super Video: You Can Be One Too! A Mega Hero
- Seijuu Sentai Gingaman Super Video: The Secret Fruit of Wisdom
- KyuKyu Sentai GoGoFive: Five Lessons of Rescue Spirits
- Mirai Sentai Timeranger Super Video: All the Strongest Hero Secrets
- Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger Super Video: Showdown! Gaoranger vs. GaoSilver
- Ninpu Sentai Hurricaneger Super Video: Super Ninja vs Super Kuroko
- Bakuryuu Sentai Abaranger Super Video: All Bakuryuu Roaring Laughter Battle
- Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger Super Video: Super-Special Technique Showdown! DekaRed vs. DekaBreak
- Mahou Sentai Magiranger Special DVD: Great Presentation! The Super Magic of the Gold Grip Phone ~Goru Gooru Goo Goo~
- Juken Sentai Gekiranger Special DVD: Gyun-Gyun! Fist Sage Great Athletic Meet
- Engine Sentai Go-Onger Special DVD: It's a Seminar! Everyone GO-ON!!
- Samurai Sentai Shinkenger: The Light Samurai's Surprise Transformation
- Tensou Sentai Goseiger Special DVD: Gotcha☆Miracle! Total Gathering Collection
- Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger Special DVD: Let's Do This Goldenly! Roughly! 36 Round Gokai Change!!
- Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters vs. Beet Buster vs. J
- Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger: It's Here! Armed On Midsummer Festival!!
- Ressha Sentai ToQger DVD special: Farewell, Ticket! The Wasteland Super ToQ Battle!
International Broadcast
- Japan (Official)
- Asia
- Philippines
- Thailand
- Vietnam
- Hong Kong
- China
- Taiwan
Sentai-like shows
Giant robots
What differentiated the Super Sentai Series from other tokusatsu produced by Toei, Toho, and Tsuburaya was that the Super Sentai featured giant robots (often referred to in the series as Robos) piloted by the series' protagonists. Prior to the usage of giant robots in tokusatsu series, Toei had already had a hand in using them, having animated two of the archetypes for what would be used in Super Sentai: the titular Mazinger-Z, the first pilotable giant robot, and Getter Robo, the first combining giant robot.. The Toei/Marvel Comics 1978 production of Spider-Man featured Spider-Man's giant robot Leopardon. Spider-Man was followed by Battle Fever J which also had a giant robot and began the tradition of the Super Sentai Series programs and the giant robots prominently featured in nearly every episode. Himitsu Sentai Gorenger in 1975—1977 and J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai in 1977 did not have giant robots, and were not considered Super Sentai until the broadcast of 1995's Chōriki Sentai Ohranger to promote it as the 20th anniversary series.
Since the introduction of the giant robot to Super Sentai, their complexity and number have varied throughout the Super Sentai Series' history. Battle Fever Robo in Battle Fever J was simply a giant robot, whereas DaiDenzin in Denshi Sentai Denziman transformed from a large vehicle into a robot. This was followed by the first combining, or "gattai", robot Sun Vulcan Robo in 1981's Taiyou Sentai Sun Vulcan. Over the course of broadcasting the series, additional robots were available to the heroes, beginning with two individual robots in 1986's Choushinsei Flashman with the most at five in 2008's Engine Sentai Go-onger. The number of individual mecha combining into a larger robot has also changed, from the two-piece Sun Vulcan Robo to the seven-piece Ultimate DaiZyujin in 1992's Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger to the twelve-piece Engine-Oh G12 in Go-onger. The concept of multiple combinations was introduced in 2001's Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger with different arm, leg, and torso combinations producing twenty-two different robots that appeared in the series' broadcast.
All Super Sentai robots have been portrayed by suit actors, with miniature props used for their vehicular components. In recent years, CGI has been incorporated in the robot fight scenes for more complex transformation sequences, action maneuvers that greatly exceed the mobility of the robot suit (a good example being the Gokaigers' Gokai-Oh), or scenes that depict a larger battlefield than what is provided on stage.
The Super Sentai timeline is a complicated one. Each series typically takes place in its own continuity; in other words, they are the only Sentai to have existed prior to the first episode. Although some episodes may contain small indirect references to previous series, past teams are almost always never mentioned. As well as each series having its own continuity, there is also a single timeline for the team-up movies in which all of the events of past series (as well as other Toku shows such as Kamen Rider and the Space Sheriff series) have occurred. The events of the team-up movie are typically not mentioned in the current series.
The first exception to each series having its own continuity was Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger, which was created to celebrate the show's 35th Anniversary. Gokaiger took place in the team-up continuity, and featured almost every past Sentai hero teaming up to destroy the Zangyack empire only to lose their powers which were utilized by the newest team. This series involved an appearance by at least one actor from every past Sentai series.
The second exception is Shuriken Sentai Ninninger, which had an episode originally due to air on the 40th Anniversary of the show. In the episode, past red ninjas Sasuke and Yousuke Shiina appear to the team and bestow upon them new weapons. The events of this episode were referenced in the next, securing its place in continuity.
In recent series, the current Sentai team has been shown joining forces with the current hero of the Kamen Rider series for a special episode. These specials are considered to be non-canon within the context of the series.
In popular culture
The Super Sentai series have been airing in Japan for the past forty years, and have been parodied as well as emulated in various ways throughout the world. Some of the anime and video games that reference or parody are:
- Bleach (Karakura Bōeitai/Karakura Heroes in the dub)
- Disgaea: Hour of Darkness (NijiRanger/Prism Rangers)
- Dragon Ball Z (the Ginyu Force/Ginyū Tokusentai)
- Excel Saga (Municipal Force Daitenzin/Shiritsu Sentai Daitenjin}
- Negima!: Magister Negi Magi (Mahora Sentai Bakaranger; also featured in the television drama adaptation of Negima! titled MAGISTER NEGI MAGI: Mahou Sensei Negima!!)
- Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars (Axem Rangers/Kajioh Squadron Onoranger)
- Tentai Senshi Sun Red
- Mitsudomoe (Honki Sentai Gachiranger/Honki Sentai Gachirenjā)
There have also been direct parody series such as the Filipino movies Biokids, Kabayokids, and Super Ranger Kids, the Les Inconnus sketch Bioumen, and the Japanese series Special Duty Combat Unit Shinesman.
There have been many tribute series that pay homage to the long running franchise, starting with the Japanese fan film Aikoku Sentai Dai-Nippon created by what is now Gainax.
Toei has also parodied their work by using it in a series of short features on various spas and onsen around Japan as Bihada Sentai Sparanger. This series features tokusatsu and drama actors Takashi Hagino (Changéríon of Choukou Senshi Changéríon and Kamen Rider Ouja of Kamen Rider Ryuki) as SpaRed, Kento Handa (Kamen Rider Faiz of Kamen Rider 555) as SpaBlue (SPAブルー SupaBurū), Kengo Ohkuchi (the trapped subway worker Kazushi Mizuno in Kamen Rider 555) as SpaGreen, Masashi Mikami (BoukenBlue in GoGo Sentai Boukenger) as SpaYellow, and Kohei Murakami (Kamen Rider Kaixa in Kamen Rider 555) as SpaMurasakiki, "purple" or "violet" in Japanese, a running joke would involve people referring to him as SpaPurple.
- Since 2005's Sentai run, the Japanese musical group Kanjani Eight have created a series of performances at their concerts where they dress in different colored outfits and call themselves Kanjani Sentai Eight Ranger.
- Since its debut in 1975, a new Sentai series, or an unofficial series, has started airing every year except 1978. However, the series that Super Sentai adopted the use of a mecha from (Spider-Man) aired in 1978, as well as a film that brought back the first two teams. (J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai vs. Gorenger)
- The only years to begin airing more than one Sentai series, or an unofficial series, is 2012, which aired Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters and Hikonin Sentai Akibaranger, and 2013, which aired Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger and Hikonin Sentai Akibaranger Season Tsuu.
- Although the stories of each show are not intended to work with stories and universes from other shows, Toei has had characters from Super Sentai crossover with other Tokusatsu series, and those series have occationally crossed over with other Tokusatsu series. Because of these crossovers, it can be assumed these series all take place in the same canon. These series include:
- Kamen Rider series (due to it's crossover in Super Hero Taisen.)
- Metal Hero series (due to it's crossover with Super Sentai in Gokaiger vs. Gavan.)
- Kikaider series (due to it's mention in a Super Sentai movie and cameo in Kamen Rider.)
- Inazuman series (due to it's cameo in Kamen Rider.)
- Kaiketsu Zubat (due to it's cameo in Kamen Rider.)
See also
- Sentai Rangers
- Category:Sentai Allies
- Extra Heroes
- Sentai Weapons
- Category:Sentai Vehicles
- Category:Sentai Villains
- Category:Sentai Monsters
- Planets in Super Sentai
- Sentai Teamups
- Sentai Episodes
- Mecha
See also
- Power Rangers - Power Rangers counterpart . See comparison page.
External links
- Official Super Sentai Website (Japanese)


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Op-Ed: Wood Burning Is the New Secondhand Smoke
How to have a neighborhood conversation about wood burning in Marin.
5:35 am By Karen Licavoli Farnkopf
We have observed many Winter Spare the Air Alerts this season. As most of us already know, when a Winter Spare the Air Alert has been issued, wood burning is prohibited.
As someone who has asthma and as the mother of a son with asthma, I am thankful for this rule that helps protect my family and the more than one in seven people living in the Bay Area who suffer from respiratory illness. It also helps protect the rest of us from unhealthy exposure to the number one source of wintertime air pollution – wood smoke.
Now – let's get down to the nitty gritty of wood burning. Most of us don't like to be told what we can't do in our own house. On the other hand, we generally like to accommodate the comfort and health of our friends and neighbors. For instance, if you visited someone's house, you would never think to smoke a cigarette inside. Likewise, when you have friends over, they wouldn't think to smoke inside your home.
It's hard to believe that only 20 years ago, smoking indoors was commonplace. People smoked in restaurants, on airplanes, at our workplaces and inside our homes. But as we learned more and more about the deadly danger of secondhand smoke, we accommodated for the health and comfort of our friends, families and co-workers. Eventually, all indoor work environments in California became smoke-free. And most people started thinking twice about smoking in other people's homes.
Wood smoke is very similar to second-hand smoke. It contains many of the same carcinogens and toxins. On cold, still winter nights, a house with a fire in the fireplace is like a house smoking a pack of cigarettes. The smoke goes into the neighborhood and "hangs around" – sometimes for days. Several days and nights of these conditions can cause particulate pollution to build up to unhealthy levels. When this happens, people with respiratory issues experience serious breathing problems.
This winter, the Bay Area has seen 10 Winter Spare the Air Alerts, including a stretch of four days in a row. To prevent pollution from building up to unhealthy levels in our neighborhoods, it's important for us to talk to each other about wood smoke. These conversations can be informative and friendly. Encourage your neighbors to check before they burn to make sure it's not a Winter Spare the Air Alert.
And, if you live in a community with a homeowner's association, you can ask the association to get the word out to the neighborhood. You can remind people that it's easy to sign up for email or phone alerts at http://www.sparetheair.org, or by calling 1-877-4NO BURN.
So start a conversation in your neighborhood, and help protect the air in and around your home from the "other" secondhand smoke.
Karen Licavoli Farnkopf is a San Anselmo mom and the vice president of program deveopment for Breathe California.
http://larkspurcortemadera.patch.com/ar ... hand-smoke

subset: commoncrawl


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Tag Archives: Handmade
May 8, 2015 Shawl Pins or Wooden Buttons for your Knitting… choose!
Usually, I opt for shawl pins, and have several in my collection! Shawl Pins I purchased this Penannular shawl pin from MasterArks Etsy Shop a year ago, and wear it on my large comfy worsted weight wrap. It is the heaviest and most secure pin I have. The design dates back to the Iron Age, and is […]
Tags: Bent Spoon Jewelry, bronze, brooch, Buttons, Drops Knitting, Everyday Peacocks, fibula pin, Handmade, jewelry, knitting, Master Ark, Morning Bright Yarn, penannular pin, shawl pins, shawls, silver, Wooden Buttons, Wooly Moss Roots
- Leave a comment
- Posted under Uncategorised


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Bursaries of £20,000 are to be created for those wishing to change career and become a teacher in priority science, technology, engineering or maths (STEM) subjects.
This new bursary is the latest in a series of measures the Scottish Government is taking to recruit more teachers and in developing Scotland's STEM capacity.
School subjects which will be eligible for the bursaries are maths, computing science, physics and technical education but these will be reviewed each year according to need.
Announcing the bursaries, Deputy First Minister John Swinney, said:
"We have founded our education reforms on faith in our teachers.
"But in schools in some parts of our country and in some subjects we know we have a shortage of teachers.
"We have taken a range of actions to help councils tackle that problem and now I want to go further.
"STEM subjects – science, technology, engineering and maths - are crucial, not just to the education of our children but the future of our economy.
"We need to recruit more teachers in these subjects. And to do that, we need to reach beyond recent graduates and attract people who have the appropriate subject degree but are working in business or industry.
"These 'career-changers' still need to go through initial teacher education before they can become teachers – we will never compromise on quality - but we can make it easier for them to make that career change.
"And because we understand that they have to balance family and financial responsibilities that new graduates may not face, we understand that the prospect of giving up a salary for a year while they do their teacher training is a real barrier for them.
"I can therefore announce that from next year we will offer bursaries of £20,000 per person to help them make the change."


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Programs : Budget Sheet
The following listing represents the Summer Budget Sheet for Dayton Faculty-led: Business in Germany, Hungary, and the Czech Republic.
Summer Budget Sheet for Dayton Faculty-led: Business in Germany, Hungary, and the Czech Republic
|Budget Item
|UD Students
|Tuition Credits *
|Program Fee *
|Billable subtotal:
|Application Fee
|Estimated Airfare
|Estimated Local Transportation
|Estimated Meals/Personal Expenses/Misc.
|Non-billable subtotal:
|The tuition amount listed above is for 4 credits on the study abroad program. This is the minimum number of credits in which each student must enroll. If a student chooses to register for more than 4 credits, they will be charged additional tuition at a cost of $1610/credit hour. (The full list of University tuition and fees can be found here.)
Billable items will be posted to your student account in early May and you will receive your bill in the same manner as you do for semester courses (either through your account online or mailed to you).
Billable program costs cover your tuition, all accommodations during the program, a limited number of meals (approx. one meal each week), program site visits/excursions, and transportation between program sites, when applicable.
Non-billable items will not be posted to your student account. As noted above, this is an estimated amount. You will need to cover your international airfare, most meals, local ground transportation, books, passport and visa fees (if applicable), a phone that works while abroad, and spending money.
Scholarships and Financial Aid
Students are encouraged to visit the Flyer Student Services Office to discuss financial aid for study abroad.
A list of University of Dayton scholarships for study abroad can be found here.
Refund and Withdrawal Policy for Faculty-Led Programs
The costs associated with University of Dayton faculty-led programs include, but are not limited to excursions and field trips, accommodations, a limited number of meals, and ground transportation. All costs are collectively negotiated for the purpose of reducing expenses, and most are paid in advance for all participants. For that reason, the University sets and enforces strict refund and withdrawal policies. Make sure you understand the following consequences of withdrawing from a faculty-led program.
Because the University makes several non-refundable payments on behalf of students, the following charges will be added to the student's account based on the date at which they withdraw from the program:
|* Billable item


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(Adds comment from CFO, forward guidance, sales figures and details)
By Marina Lopes
NEW YORK, May 14 (Reuters) - Network equipment maker Cisco Systems Inc posted a shallower-than-expected 5.5 percent drop in quarterly revenue, as recovering demand in regions like the United States and Northern Europe helped offset sluggish sales in emerging markets.
The company posted gross margins of 62.7 percent in its fiscal third quarter, up from 53.3. percent in the previous quarter and above guidance of 61 to 62 percent.
Cisco's key server business has grappled with competition from so-called software-defined networks (SDN) , which offer software that can run on cheap hardware. Lately it has been gaining some traction in that battle thanks to its Nexus 9000 switches, which can adapt to flows in workloads brought on by cloud computing, and big data.
"It is about as solid of a quarter as you can expect," said analyst Zeus Kerravalla at ZK research.
"Seeing gross margin get back up above 62 percent is certainly good news for investors and should help alleviate some of the concern that their business is being commoditized," he said.
Total U.S. product orders rose 7 percent from one year ago, with enterprise and commercial orders rising more than 10 percent. Order strength in northern Europe was up 4 percent year-over-year.
Yet in emerging markets, where Cisco faced increased competition, orders fell 7 percent, with Brazil down 27 percent and Russia down 28 percent.
Nexus 9000 grew to a user base of 175 customers, up from 20 customers last quarter.
"The traction we are seeing with application-centric solutions gives me confidence that we are leading the disruption of SDN," said Cisco's Chief Executive Officer John Chambers.
Chambers said the company's book-to-build ratio, the ratio of orders received to units shipped and billed, was "comfortably above one," indicating strong demand.
The company gave forecasts of earnings per share of 51 cents to 53 cents, and a gross margin of 62.7 percent for the fourth quarter.
Shares rose in after hours trading to $24.39 from a $22.80 close on the Nasdaq.
Cisco had a net profit of $2.2 billion in the fiscal third quarter, down from $2.5 billion in the year-ago quarter.
Non-GAAP earnings of 51 cents per share exceeded the consensus forecast of 48 cents.
The company increased its cash dividend in the third quarter to $0.19 per common share.
Cisco reported revenue of $11.5 billion, down from $12.2 billion a year earlier. Wall Street on average had expected $11.36 billion, according to Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.
Reporting by Marina Lopes; Editing by Richard Chang and Cynthia Osterman


text:
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3 / 32 X 5000 FT, 7X7 Stainless Steel Aircraft Cable
Product Code:2S7093-05000
3/32" Stainless Aircraft Cable
- Flexible 7 x 7 Construction
- Type 304
- Min. Breaking Strength: 920 lbs
- Not suitable for Aircraft Controls
- 5000 ft/reel
- Weight 16 lbs/mft
7x7 Stainless Steel Cable is one of the most common, cost effective and versatile wire ropes. The 7x7 construction is of medium flexibility and is used in many of the same applications as 7x19 stainless steel cable but where a little less flexibility is needed.
Meets the Performance requirements of Applicable Federal Specification RR-W-410.
Independent Lab tested and verified.
Inspect regularly for visible damage, distortion, elongation, corrosion, cracks, nicks or abrasion, which may cause failure or reduce the strength of the Wire Rope.
Wire Rope and Steel Cable must be stored, used and maintained in accordance with the normal safety standards.
Verify that replacement Wire Ropes are correct for your application and meet your specifications.
Avoid shock loads. Do not load Wire Rope to the breaking strength limits. End user must determine an appropriate safety factor for the application.


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COOL IT: Let's raise a glass to Andrew Hellman, scotch aficionado and the mind behind these genius little Whiskey Stones. Tired of diluting his liquid gold with traditional ice cubes, Hellman's light bulb moment came courtesy of natural soapstone. Not only do these American-milled stones maintain their cool for long periods of time, but their soft composition won't scratch your crystal. Simply chill the set, then rest in your favorite beverage for five minutes before enjoying a pure, perfectly cooled sip. Ahhhh. Here's to necessity, the mother of invention. GET IT: Whiskey Stones (set of 9), $19.50. Available online from Uncommon Goods.
Copyright FREEL - NBC Local Media


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Get ready for the great motion-sickness scarefest that is Paranormal Activity 2! The horror sequel's full length trailer has finally been released. How's this one different? Mo' evil babies, mo' problems.
There is no synopsis for this film yet, but the trailer is pretty self explanatory. The baby is evil, and must be stopped. But all kidding aside, we seriously hope that one character doesn't spend the entire movie doing exactly what all of the experts specifically told him NOT TO DO. Thus enraging the entity, and endangering his life along with his families. I don't think we could handle that again.
PA2 will be out October 22nd.
Watch the video in HD at Apple Trailers.


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Alex Roy, bless his heart. You either get the joke (and think it's funny) or you don't. If you don't, then keep walking. If you do, then take a trip with Alex to the most awesome country in the world. No, it's Latvia.
Why is Latvia the most awesome country in the world? I'm not really sure, because the wifi in this Paris salaryman's hotel won't load the whole video, so as it turns out, the only thing I know about Riga, Latvia is that it has wooden houses and that it's colder than Iceland.
Latvia is also one of the places in the world where drivers install smaller rims and higher-sidewall tires on their German luxury cars; the craggy roadways exact an unbearable toll on fancy alloys and low-profile rubber.
And yet, apparently the best way to tour downtown Riga is in a 700-hp BMW M6, particularly the old KGB headquarters, from which locals once heard the screams of tortured dissidents in the night.


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Steve Miller, MathWorks
Simscape™ extends the MATLAB® language with constructs for modeling implicit equations. These extensions of MATLAB are used to model a translational spring whose stiffness is defined using a lookup table. Creating custom components using Simscape language makes it possible to extend the mechanical libraries in Simscape.
Recorded: 18 May 2016


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FSP Series rotary/spin type Broadcast Spreaders are capable of spreading seed, sand, salt, top dressings, lime, prilled/granular fertilizer, and most all other types of granular materials at delivery rates ranging from 43-890 lbs. per acre. Agitator extension comes standard. The spread rate, capability, and range of hopper capacities make FSP Spreaders well suited for applications on farms, golf courses, food plots, park systems, athletic fields, campuses, and smaller municipal or commercial operations. They excel at spreading sand or salt for control of ice and snow.
673 lbs
Highly productive at 44 to 890 lbs. per acre.
For even spreading and productive coverage up to 54 ft.


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Washington Navy Yard shooting victim grew up in Butler County
Frank Kohler graduated from Slippery Rock University; family still lives in Zelienople area
A dozen people were killed in Monday's shooting rampage at the Washington Navy Yard -- the deadliest attack at a domestic military installation since Fort Hood in 2009.
As the story continued to develop Tuesday, people in Zelienople say they were stunned to learn that one of their own, Frank Kohler, was among the victims. Kohler and his family are well known in the Butler County town.
The U.S. flag at American Legion Post 474 was lowered to honor the 50-year-old Kohler. And the cruel irony was not lost on Commander Frank Frederick: that Kohler survived his time in the military, yet it was in his own country that he was shot and killed.
"We can't protect here and we're trying to protect people over there," said Frederick.
"It's devastating, and it's devastating that it can happen so close to home. It scares you," said Kathleen Maddalon, a friend of the Kohlers.
Frank Kohler was living in Maryland, but he grew up in Zelienople, where his brother and parents still live. He was a graduate of Slippery Rock University. Friends remembered him as a family man, survived by a wife and two college-age daughters.
The Associated Press reported that Kohler didn't even work at the Navy Yard; he was a contractor who went there for a meeting and was caught in the gunfire.
"It's just hard to believe it hits here in this town," said John Nesbitt, a patron at the American Legion.
"It's devastating, especially to have it happen the way it happened," said Maddalon.
The Kohlers from Pennsylvania are out of the state, dealing with the aftermath of this tragedy, but friends say they will support the family through this trying time upon their return. The flag at the legion will remain at half mast through Friday.
From the Associated Press:
Frank Kohler, 50, was a past president of the Rotary Club in Lexington Park, Md. As such, he proudly held the title of "King Oyster" at the annual festival celebrating the region's signature bivalve the third weekend of each October.
"He walks around with a crown and robe and gives out candy," said Bob Allen, Kohler's former boss at Lockheed Martin in southern Maryland. "In fact, he was in charge of the beer stand. I used to have that job and when I left, I handed it off to him."
The married father of two college-age daughters had driven up to the Washington Navy Yard for a meeting Monday when the shootings occurred, friends told Allen. Allen said Kohler had taken over for him as site manager for the defense contractor.
Kohler was working for Information Concepts in Management, LLC, a subcontractor of TWD & Associates, Inc. He had been on the NAVSEA project just under two years, according to a TWD statement released Tuesday.
He was a 1985 graduate of Pennsylvania's Slippery Rock University in computer science. Allen said Kohler was a Pittsburgh Steelers fan and an avid, though not overly skilled, golfer.
"He could probably shoot in the low 90s," Allen said in a telephone interview Tuesday from Bradenton, Fla. When Allen retired, Kohler picked his gift -- a gold pocket watch with the inscription, "From your friends in Lockheed Martin to help you putt into the future."
Kohler lived on the water with his wife, Michelle, an employee at the Naval Air Station Patuxent River. Allen said his friend loved to boat and fish, and went on frequent hunting trips to Canada.
"A great family man, a Christian, and a great friend," he said. "It just doesn't seem possible. I mean, you hear about these things all the time ... But when you know somebody, it just makes it all the worse ... It's a huge loss for southern Maryland."


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Has anyone heard of this? It's this new thing that's supposed to be coming out for XBOX 360 that is "supposed" to be a completely controller free gaming system. You are supposed to be able to walk up to it and it will recognize you by your face, and work with you for scanning things out in the real world. The demo shows a kid who scans his skateboard and is able to use it in a game.
Check it out. It looks pretty neat, if you can sit through the horrendous acting of the demos.


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HP cutting 1,300 (more) UK jobs, union claims
'Hell bent' on Blighty workforce 'butchery'
Unite, the UK's largest labor union, says that Hewlett-Packard plans to axe an additional 1,300 British jobs — a move that Unite decries as "butchery".
"Despite significant profits HP appears hell-bent on continuing to butcher its highly skilled UK workforce," said Unite national officer Peter Skyte in a Monday statement.
According to Unite, when added to HP's nearly 4,000 job cuts over the past two years, plus the 934 cuts announced in July (reportedly reduced to 720), the new round of 1,300 will mean that HP is chopping UK staff by more than 6,000 unfortunate souls.
HP's UK workforce cuts, Unite claims, "mainly involve" the company moving jobs out of Britain and into locations in other countries.
"Lax employment protection in the UK compared to other European countries means that the UK is bearing the brunt of cuts," Skyte added, "as it's quicker and cheaper to sack UK people and export their jobs abroad."
The BBC, however, claims that "HP said it was still consulting and that the cuts were part of the losses announced in June." HP did not immediately respond to our request for clarification.
But more cuts or not, Skyte says that at HP UK, "Morale is at an all time low." ®
Sponsored: Practical tips for Office 365 tenant-to-tenant migration


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Vietnam Foundation: the Annual Gala dinner to raise funds for the construction of three classrooms for a primary school, a Teaching Centre for teachers of disabled children and other aid projects in Vietnam. Dear Vietnam Foundation members
Inviting you and partner to our annual event to raise funds for Vietnam Foundation projects
7 pm Saturday 5 September 2009, Phuoc Loc Tho Restaurant
(close to corner of Cumberland Hwy CanleyVale Rd)
First Floor, 233 Canley Vale Rd Canley Heights, Sydney
Appreciative of your continuing support and do look forward to seeing you at this event.
Should you be able to invite additional people from your connection, please do so and let me know about the number of tickets required, their addresses or email for sending out.
Sincere thanks and regards
Hong Le
VNF Secretary See invitation for more details.


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Reviewed By Kevin R (Apex, NC) Reviewed for a 2006 Honda Accord —2/7/2017 4:42 PM
These lights are really cool. Easy to install. It took me about two hours to install these. I put lights in the front and rear floorboards of a Honda Accord. Being able to change the colors is great. Considering buying another set for my truck.


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At Gupton Motors Inc, you'll always find a fine selection of used vehicles for sale. From top-quality used Jeep Cherokee SUVs and used Dodge Charger sedans, to dependable used Ram 1500 trucks and other great used cars, our pre-owned inventory does not disappoint. Excited to get into the driver's seat and experience our amazing used vehicles in Springfield, Tennessee? All you need to do is schedule a test drive with us online now.
* msrp is the manufacturer's suggested retail price (msrp) of the vehicle. it does not include any taxes, fees or other charges. pricing and availability may vary based on a variety of factors, including options, dealer, specials, fees, and financing qualifications. consult your dealer for actual price and complete details. vehicles shown may have optional equipment at additional cost. * the estimated selling price that appears after calculating dealer offers is for informational purposes, only. you may not qualify for the offers, incentives, discounts, or financing. offers, incentives, discounts, or financing are subject to expiration and other restrictions. see dealer for qualifications and complete details. * images, prices, and options shown, including vehicle color, trim, options, pricing and other specifications are subject to availability, incentive offerings, current pricing and credit worthiness. * in transit means that vehicles have been built, but have not yet arrived at your dealer. images shown may not necessarily represent identical vehicles in transit to your dealership. see your dealer for actual price, payments and complete details. *adjusted price includes all applicable rebates, dealer discounts, $1,000 trade assist coupon, $1,000 indirect finance coupon, but excludes any dealer installed accessories, state and local taxes, license and dealer administration fee. see dealer for details! to qualify for vip pricing you: 1.) must print this online price and present at time of visit. 2.) must be a previous gupton motors inc. customer. 3.) must trade a chrysler dodge jeep ram product when purchasing this selected vehicle.
Whether you're interested in exploring your options with our bargain inventory, which showcases fantastic used cars under $15K, or you have your sights set on one of our other incredible used vehicles near Nashville, TN, don't forget to make the most out of your current used car and value your trade. When you do, you'll connect with extra savings you can then put towards a used Jeep SUV, used Ford truck, or used Buick sedan you love. To learn about all the ways you can save extra on one of our dependable pre-owned cars near Hendersonville, TN, get in contact with Gupton Motors Inc today.
In addition to the everyday low prices available at our used car dealership in Springfield, TN, you'll also discover dedicated auto financing professionals with the knowledge and expertise to help you reach your car-buying goals. No matter your used car aspirations or your budget, our team is here to help. Ready to take the next step? Fill out our online auto financing application now, then follow up with a phone call to Gupton Motors Inc.
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It's been a hectic weekend with lots of packing, organising, planning. Fun times, but exhausting as well. I had clearly been in denial of how much stuff we had actually managed to accumulate in 5 years. I am almost embarrassed to report that most of that 'stuff' is actually mine, and I'm the one who moved to this country 6 years a go bringing with me nothing but a 20kg suitcase! I am not even big on shopping (I promise!), but during the last couple of years I have managed to more than quadruple the amount of kitchen items and props. Even though I keep telling myself (and others) it's all because of the work I do, it is still rather alarming. All I can do is hope that our new home is bigger than I dare to think.
The good news this weekend was a sunny Sunday after almost a full week of rain. It was making me somewhat worried about the survival of my little kitchen garden, but hopefully today's sun will fix the extra moistness in the soil. In the midst of all the packing and scattered boxes, I managed to put together this tasty number. I adore black beans and wish good raw black beans were more readily available here in Sydney. I don't normally like to use canned beans because I rather enjoy the slight crunch of beans that are cooked until just tender. This time, however, tinned beans had to do, and it was probably better anyway so I could cut down the time spend on this salad. I love the combination of these flavours, and really recommend you try this. But please don't swap pink peppercorns to black pepper (or anything else). They really go so well with all the ingredients!
I must also recommend you make double batch of this. I thought I would get away with just one, but ended up having to make another batch straight after as I had scoffed most of the salad before it even got to the table.


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Liu Ye doesn't have any movies playing in theaters.
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Gigography Information
This gigography aims to be the most extensive database of Beth Ortons concerts and live shows.
If you see missing information, or have a show to add, please help me out!
Select a year on the left or above to navigate and click on the date to bring up more infomation about
the gig.
Needless to say, I would very much appreciate any information you might have that would make the
list more complete. Pictures, videos, scans of flyers, set lists, tickets, photos and other Beth Orton
ephemera are always most welcome.
If you know more dates, want to correct something or if you attended any of Beth Ortons gigs
Your help is greatly appreciated!


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Comparison of Two Formulations of Bio-K
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00792844
Recruitment Status : Unknown
Verified November 2008 by McMaster University.
Recruitment status was: Not yet recruiting
First Posted : November 18, 2008
Last Update Posted : November 18, 2008
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Main research Question: The investigators would like to find out if both the Bio-K (lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei) drink and capsule are equally effective in the prevention of diarrhea associated with antibiotic use.
Why is this research project important? About 25% of patients who use antibiotics may develop diarrhea as a side effect. Symptoms are mild and consist of watery diarrhea and abdominal pain. Some patients may develop a more severe form of diarrhea, called clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea may lead to more serious consequences like inflammation of the large bowel and in some cases, death. There are some studies that suggest Bio-K drink, a probiotic preparation containing lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei, decreases the risk of diarrhea from antibiotic use. As a result, St. Joseph's Healthcare has recently to use Bio-K routinely to try to reduce risk of patients developing diarrhea. No other Hamilton hospitals use Bio-K routinely as there is not strong evidence about the effectiveness of Bio-K for the prevention of diarrhea. This study will provide more information about Bio-K's effectiveness in the prevention of diarrhea associated with antibiotic use as both a capsule and a drink.
|Condition or disease
|Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
|Dietary Supplement: Bio-K capsule formulation Dietary Supplement: Bio-K drink
|Not Applicable
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Estimated Enrollment :
|90 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Comparison of Two Formulations of Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Lactobacillus Casei in the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: a Pilot Study
|Study Start Date :
|February 2009
|Estimated Primary Completion Date :
|May 2009
|Estimated Study Completion Date :
|May 2009
Experimental: Bio-K capsule
1 capsule of lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei (50 billion live bacteria) daily for duration of antibiotic therapy and 7 days after or until discharge, whichever comes first
Dietary Supplement: Bio-K capsule formulation
Bio-K 1 capsule formulation daily for the duration of antibiotic treatment and for 7 days after termination of antibiotics or until hospital discharge, whichever occurs first
Active Comparator: Bio-K liquid
98 g of lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei (50 billion live bacteria) daily for the duration of antibiotic treatment and for 7 days after termination of antibiotics or until hospital discharge, whichever comes first
Dietary Supplement: Bio-K drink
Bio-K 98 g of diary-free soy beverage formulation for the duration of antibiotic treatment and for 7 days after termination of antibiotics or until hospital discharge, whichever occurs first
No Intervention: no Bio-K
No lactobacillus product - standard infection control procedures (i.e. handwashing, etc.)
- Antibiotic-associated diarrhea [ Time Frame: 30 days after termination of antibiotic ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|65 Years and older (Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- speak English
- capable of providing consent
- reachable by telephone within the next three months
- willing to comply with study protocols
- age over 65 years
- prescribed clindamycin, fluoroquinolones or cephalosporin for more than one dose
Exclusion Criteria:
- ICU patients
- transplant patients
- patients on immunosuppressant medications (prednisone greater than 50 mg/day for 7 days, azathioprine, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, sirolimus, methotrexate, mycophenolate, anti-TNF agents, interleukin-2 chemotherapy)
- HIV patients with CD4+ count less than 250 cells/mm3
- neutropenic patients with total neutrophil count less than 500
- patients with prosthetic heart valves
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00792844
|Contact: Gloria Seto, BSchPhm
|905-522-1155 ext 33803
|Canada, Ontario
|St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton - Charlton Campus
|Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8N 4A6
|Contact: Gloria Seto firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Gloria Seto, BScPhm
|Responsible Party:
|Gloria Seto, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|November 18, 2008 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|November 18, 2008
|Last Verified:
|November 2008
Signs and Symptoms, Digestive
Signs and Symptoms
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Antibiotics, Antitubercular
Anti-Infective Agents
Antitubercular Agents


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The Argument About Application Protection
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Current region > United Kingdom
John Sisk & Son and its associated companies have been involved in major infrastructure development since the 1950s, building many of Ireland's roads, bridges, power stations, airports and harbours – landmark projects that underpinned the nation's economic growth.
This section contains a representative selection from the UK and Ireland of recent civil engineering projects. Sisk undertakes works in a mix of traditional, joint venture and public-private partnership formats – including Early Contractor Involvement (ECI) projects, which enhance the delivery and cost effectiveness of the finished scheme.


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Set the Table with Seaberries
Written onMay 23 , 2014
I'd never actually seen a sea buckthorn plant or eaten any of its berries until I moved to Vermont. Already familiar with sea buckthorn in my skincare products, I was inspired to learn more. And when I did: zing, zest, tang! I was struck by sea buckthorn berries' complex, passionfruit, citrus-like flavor. It was like nothing I've tasted.
Palatable when made sweeter, sea buckthorn has been called a superfood and a miracle berry, with the potential to match pomegranate and acai's popularity among health devotees. Native to Eurasia, and also known as seaberry, sallowthorn, and sandthorn, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) has been used as a food and a pharmaceutical for centuries, with medicinal records of it dating to as early as 800 AD. With nearly unparalleled nutritional and environmental benefits, the ancient plant has long been popular in countries such as Russia, China, and Germany.
Over the last decade, it has gained attention from niche growers, health advocates, and even culinarians in Vermont. Elmore Roots Nursery (Wolcott), Vermont Edible Landscape (based in Jericho), and the Vermont Seaberry Company (Huntington) are just a few businesses pioneering sea buckthorn production in Vermont. It was even planted on the Vermont State House lawn in 2009 when an edible garden was put in. But sea buckthorn is not widely known in the United States, and how it will fit into Vermont's working landscape over time is yet to be determined.
It's easy to understand why sea buckthorn's agricultural characteristics are appealing to growers. With only some exceptions, like cranberry and crab apple, sea buckthorn's level of hardiness is rare in fruiting plants. Sea buckthorn and its berries can withstand extreme ranges of temperatures—down to -40 °F. "They wouldn't mind a year that would take out annual vegetable crops in Vermont," says permaculturist Ben Falk of Whole System Design in Moretown, the largest producer of sea buckthorn in the state. "No plant that I know of is as climate adaptable, in that it thrives in south central Italy and also thrives in northern Canada."
What's more, sea buckthorn is able to fix nitrogen, essentially producing fertilizer for itself and the plants around it; unsusceptible to most pests and diseases, meaning it can grow easily without pesticides; salt and drought tolerant; resistant to erosion because of its strong root system; and able to grow quickly, making it an excellent protective hedgerow and windbreak for farmland and farm animals.
It is also sought out for its high nutritional and medicinal value, which mirrors its impressive environmental attributes. It is rich with flavonoids, lycopene, carotenoids, and phytosterols and is high in vitamins A, C, E, and K, and omega fatty acids, including many that are rare in the plant world e.g., omega 7. High in antioxidants, sea buckthorn berries contain seven times more vitamin C than lemons. And with tissue-regeneration properties, the oil from sea buckthorn seeds can treat a variety of skin diseases and injuries. Cosmonauts, for example, use it for radiation burns. Chinese healers add leaves, bark, and berries to more than 200 food and medicinal products to treat ailments such as ulcers and eye and heart problems. It is even being investigated for its ability to prevent or reverse the growth of cancers.
Sea buckthorn can also be an inspiring culinary ingredient. Called the "Siberian pineapple" in Russia, sea buckthorn has berries that have long been used in sauces, jams, juice, wine, liqueur, candy, and ice cream. In the U.S., people are enjoying its distinct flavor in vinegars, salsa, and even beer. In Vermont, sea buckthorn is starting to appear on menus, including at the Inn at Shelburne Farms, where I ate sea buckthorn for the first time as frosting atop a chocolate beet cupcake. (Full disclosure: I work at Shelburne Farms, where we recently started experimenting with sea buckthorn as a crop.)
But sea buckthorn's non-native status is of concern. Other non-native species introduced to Vermont, such as Japanese knotweed and barberry, have multiplied within our ecosystems at alarming rates. While sea buckthorn should not be confused with the pernicious common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), there is still reason to be wary. Chuck O'Neill, senior extension associate and coordinator of invasive species programs at Cornell University, points out that sea buckthorn has the generic capabilities of any highly invasive plant: the ability to grow in highly erodible, low-nitrogen soil, which gives it an advantage over native plants; possession of a rhizome shoot system that allows it to spread and potentially compete against plants that do not sucker; rapid speed of growth; and resilience to wind and cold.
Sea buckthorn is on Environment Canada's invasive alien species list, although it's not on the noxious weed lists of the United States Department of Agriculture or Vermont Agency of Agriculture. O'Neill cautions that not being on a list doesn't mean much, since assessments are constantly growing, shifting, or shrinking. But likewise, being officially invasive in Canada does not necessarily mean sea buckthorn will become an invasive in the United States. "There are lots of plants out there, listed by other states, countries, federal governments, that are not on our lists specifically, says Tim Schmalz, plant industry section chief at the Vermont Agency of Agriculture. "What makes it a noxious plant in one area might not mean it's a noxious plant somewhere else."
Horticulturalist and Vermont Garden Journal host Charlie Nardozzi has an explanation for why sea buckthorn has not yet become a problem in Vermont and why it might remain benign: Being shade intolerant, sea buckthorn seedlings would have a difficult time thriving as an understory plant in Vermont's woodlands. In addition, while mature plants are drought resistant, sea buckthorn seedlings require consistent moisture, which makes it hard for them to get started on their own. For those considering growing sea buckthorn, Charlie recommends planting it somewhere where shoots can be cut back and mowed easily. Since sea buckthorn is fairly new to New England, abandoned farm fields and other open, sunny places should be monitored for new seedlings over the coming years, as invasive traits can become pronounced over time.
Thus, it is prudent to remain cautious, with fingers crossed that sea buckthorn remains unproblematic in our working landscape as we continue learning about growing it, harvesting it, and incorporating it into our medicine cabinets and culinary creations. And, if sea buckthorn does become invasive—which would be highly undesirable—at least we'd be left with nitrogen-rich soil and a tasty, nutritious experience while eradicating it.
Photo by Vera Chang


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Are you new to business meetings online? If so, you need to get with the program! Holding business meetings online is becoming an accepted, even encouraged, practice in today's enterprise. Hosting or attending business meetings online is an essential component of business communications.
Today's online meetings are collaborative affairs. You can share applications and documents, send messages, and even work on the whiteboard. Online meetings are definitely revolutionizing the way people interact. No longer just a business tool, you'll find religious groups, addiction support groups, and civic groups meeting online.
Several web sites have emerged that allow participants of online business meetings to exchange graphic files and images while eliminating the need for a video cam or web cam. An added bonus is there is no need for you and/or your meeting partners to download cumbersome software before the meeting.
Business meetings online, used appropriately, can save small business owners, and their clients, time and money. Note that I'm not advocating using an online meeting to cold-call or prospect with. First time meetings with potential clients are probably still best held face-to-face. But a follow-up meeting to answer questions? Definitely think about doing it online. Where a phone conference is a "tell" method of selling, the online meeting takes it to the "show-and-tell "method.
Other solid benefits of online business meetings are reduced expenses, higher productivity and increased time. These are mainly accomplished by eliminating travel time and expense. Rather than have the meeting attendees gather in one physical location, the World Wide Web is used to create a virtual meeting place that can be accessed with the proper login credentials.
Online meetings are a secure way to interact with your clients, business partners and team members. This makes them ideal for sales pitches, performance reporting or providing training for other members of your organization. Online meetings make audio communication possible by using VoIP (voice over IP) applications.
Online meetings are idea for organizing small impromptu meetings of fewer than 8 participants. This particularly benefits small businesses where interactions tend to be spur-of-the-moment and include fewer participants than in larger companies.


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Bet you didn't know that Rohnert Park has roots (yes, pun intended) as a seed cultivating farm.
We like to play! We have 19 public playgrounds featuring a variety of amenities sure to delight and entertain your entire family.
Our Public Safety Officers have multitasking down. They are highly trained to serve you in both police work and firefighting.
We love animals! There are over 4,100 dogs and 1,200 cats currently licensed in Rohnert Park.
On July 1, 2019 building, planning and engineering fees will be increased. Check out the new pay schedule.
Rohnert Park's Civic Bodies
While the City Council is
charged with overseeing the general policies and governance of the City,
there are also official civic bodies in Rohnert Park, all of which are
important to the functioning of our City government and the wellbeing of
our citizens. In addition to their oversight duties, some of these
commissions, committees, and boards also provide direction and
recommendations to the City Council on specific issues. Virtually all
citizens of Rohnert Park benefit from the efforts of the dedicated
citizens who willingly give of their time to serve on these important
civic bodies.
Click on the appropriate link below to learn more about each of Rohnert Park's Commissions, Committees, and Boards.
Stay Connected!
If you would like to receive links to agendas via email, subscribe to our online notification service, Stay Connected!, which is free of charge.
Current Vacancies
Current vacancies are listed on the Notices and Public Hearings page. To apply, submit a completed Fact Sheet Application Form or Building Appeals Board Fact Sheet Application Form to the City Clerk's Office at City Hall, 130 Avram Avenue, Rohnert Park, or fax to (707) 792-1876.
For more information, please call the City Clerk's Office at (707) 588-2227.
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