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Reality From Ringside #75
July 26, 2010
By: Doug Lackey of Wrestleview.com
This Place Better Be Picked Up When I Get Back
I know what you are thinking. This is quite possibly the most confusing and ridiculous title you have ever read for a column on a professional wrestling website. Well, let me explain what is rampaging through my noggin right now… they deal with numbers but nothing like the numbers I look at on a weekly basis in my day job (sales) and this position.
I'm just going to come right out and say it, I need a break. I need a respite from reading angry emails about how I know nothing about wrestling since I don't watch Ring of Honor. I need a holiday from crunching the percentages of career activity from oft-injured performers. I look at my tables involving WWE and TNA rosters, TV ratings, TV appearances, guest hosts, and title shots/programs on a daily basis; I need some time off.
I need a vacation and I'm going to take it this coming weekend. A long four-day weekend spent away from a television, a computer, and even wrestling for that matter. That's right… I will be missing next Monday's WWE Raw for the sake of refreshing myself. I know this sounds insane to some, but I believe I deserve a holiday of some kind.
I don't? Well, let's go through those numbers that have been parading in my brain like Orlando Jordan in police tape making obscene gestures with a calculator.
I have written 75 weekly columns for Wrestleview, equaling over 18 months of indentured servitude.
I have provided and assisted with over 5 hours of audio content a week for Wrestleview since January, almost half of the entire amount we offer (that's not including PPVs!).
I do all of this while working over 40 hours a week!
And damn it… my birthday is this coming Saturday. I'm turning 31 on the 31st. Go figure.
So before I burrow through my dresser for clean boxers, swim trunks, and anything else that will just cover half of the lower portion of my body, there are some people I need to address. These are performers that need to straighten up and clean their messes before I get back from my 4 days of stress relief activities.
If you fellow 'realists' can think of anyone who needs to straighten up their acts before I return next Thursday (appearing on Wrestleview Radio), please let me know so I read them the good right: email@example.com
Angelina Love – Try not to use all of your mother's Maybelline. Seriously… if someone was to dump a bucket of water on you, they might find Jimmy Hoffa.
Chris Masters – Try to find your way to a wrestling ring in front of a television camera sometime before Labor Day. Many residing within the confines of YouTube are going through pectoral-dancing withdrawal.
Darren Young – Pick a hairstyle and stick with it. There is no way you can convince me that you were gone from WWE television for two weeks because you needed time to come up with that monstrosity that was on your dome last Monday.
Alex Shelly & Chris Sabin – Throw a punch. Keep your opponent in a headlock for at least 10 seconds. Try your hardest not to look like you have been doing the same moves in the same sequence every damn time you're in a ring. And for Kozlov's sake… stop mugging for the camera. We know you're there, reminding us just makes the pain that much more unbearable.
Edge – Stop pulling your hair every time you are attempting to uncork a Spear or tackle or whatever the hell it is… you are starting to remind me of that weird kid suffering from Tourrettes that sat in the back of my 2nd grade class. Don't get me wrong, I've become tolerant of others' deficiencies and handicaps, but you need to stop giving them a bad name.
Raven – Um… uh… nevermind.
The Hart Dynasty – Continue staying away from WWE television. The longer you are out of my memory, the more enjoyable my life will continue to be. Just stay out of thought until the time is right to give your titles over to Kozlov and Santino. (You don't agree? Then give me a different team that deserves them.)
Tommy Dreamer – Are you crying?! There's no crying! There's no crying in professional wrestling! Get some Summer's Eve and get rid of that not-so-fresh feeling. Every homosexual male contestant from every reality show on Bravo is saying, "Damn. Grow a pair."
Eli Cottonwood – Look, I love the sheer awkwardness you have been bringing to every episode of NXT, but it needs to end with a bang sooner rather than later. Maybe when you are eliminated… just clean house! Destroy everyone! Chokeslam John Morrison off of the stage or something! Make them regret that they incurred the wrath of the uncomfortable one!
Matt Striker – Find a woman. I'm being brutally serious. Go on a date and see if you are actually given the opportunity for a second occurrence. I say this because it is only through the advice and reactions of a woman will you realize that you are not appealing at all to listen to. You kill more momentum for a match and conversation between commentators than anyone within your company is willing to admit.
Taylor Wilde – Lay off the Wonder Bra for just 2 days. Newborns in Orlando's Winnie Palmer Hospital for Women & Babies are forming a militia. They plan on overthrowing your torso in a coup d'état for those mommy funbags of yours.
Dolph Ziggler – Don't you even think about ditching Vickie Guerrero as your valet. I don't think you realize how good you have it right now. This time last year, you were building towards a feud with Rey Mysterio that left you in shambles with questions of your future in the debris.
Caylen Croft & Trent Barreta – Call your parents, they are worried sick about you.
Taz – Remember all that stuff I was saying to Striker, it goes double for you. This may seem very odd, but there is no cover charge to get into the Impact Zone. Dixie didn't hire you to be the opening act for the REAL comedic talent the people came to see (some forcibly). I dare you to convince me that at least one match you call is chock full of suspense, intrigue, stress, and anxiety… you know… the kind of stuff every professional wrestling match is supposed to have.
Kurt Angle – Prove to me that this whole trek up the imaginary Top Ten rankings to get over your self-esteem issues and reclaim your glory is actually strenuous. Have a match end in a roll-up. Win by the skin of your teeth. The whole reason you have a 'triumph of the human spirit' angle is to look as human as possible. Finally…
Kevin Nash & Jeff Jarrett – I honestly have no idea what you two are talking about. If I was supposed to know, why is it so damned important now? Shouldn't this shedding of skin and releasing of skeletons have happened way back when Nash first came to this organization? I mean, you are talking about WCW right?
Why hasn't there been an angle devoted to Mr. Anderson's love for Super Golden Crisp in chocolate milk and how it tramples on Abyss' responsibility for stocking up the TNA pantry? An angle like that, the grandiosity of the foundation, should be right up Russo's alley!
Well, I'm heading off on my vacation. This place had better not look like a Jeff Hardy house party by the time I get back!
Until next time, mouth-breathers!
Annoy me with your assumptions and affronts… adore me with your adulation's and acknowledgments: email@example.com
Don't forget to check out "Reality from Ringside Radio: 3R" this Tuesday on Wrestleview! It's only available to Wrestleview VIPs though… so sacrifice a Big Mac value meal! Become a VIP!
Become a Wrestleview VIP: click here to sign up!


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do all new digital camera have either a usb cable supplied or do they all have usb ports where you can buy a seperate cable
Most cameras have a mini or micro usb port somewhere. Look in the expansion card and battery locations, usually behind a cover, but can be anywhere.
The cable is not supplied as users remove the card and plug it into an adapter for transfer. Saves battery power.
If you want a cable:

subset: commoncrawl


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The OER15 Open Education Conference held in Cardiff last week may be over, but the reflections, connections, and tweets (#oer15) are still simmering. For a flavour of the conference, excellent summary blog posts by Marieke Guy (Window boxes, battles, and bandwagons) and Grainne Conole (The OER15 conference) are well worth reading, as is Viv Rolfe's post (with screencast): Open education: sustainability versus vulnerability and Sheila MacNeil's account of her excellent keynote: Airing my open washing.
The title of my session at OER15 was Navigating the boundary between formal and informal learning in higher education. Following are the slides and a short summary. I'd welcome your comments, either here in the blog, on Twitter (@catherinecronin), or in the Padlet I created to gather feedback during the session.
I've been a long-time advocate and practitioner of open education and am now…
View original post 1,885 more words


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"Some birds are not meant to be caged, that's all. Their feathers are too bright, their songs too sweet and wild."
― Stephen King, Different Seasons: Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption
Cages come in many shapes and sizes.
I stood at the foot of the gate, gazing at the grey cement road that shot as straight as an arrow into the distance. Like a window to another world, the view was framed by towering iron fences. I glanced at my feet. Boots, black, with a shine so deep, one could easily see their own reflection. I had spent most of last night polishing them to perfection. I wasn't sure why. It didn't really make sense, considering that this was probably the last time I will ever wear them.
Twenty-two years is a long time. The thought dawned on me. Twenty-two years of following orders. Not having to think. To simply just do. I had prided myself on my ability to carry out my orders to the letter. The row of glittering medals across my chest, proof of my deeds, demanded respect from all those who wore the same uniform. Yet before the day was out, these would become a relic of the past. Locked away in drawer, all but forgotten.
Turning around, I looked over my shoulder. Buildings, two-storied with red bricks, much like those you could find anywhere in this part of the world, stood in orderly rows. To an ordinary man, these may appear the same as any other building. But to me, they were distinctively different. Different, perhaps not in shape or design, but in the emotion they stirred within me. Feelings of home, of belonging.
"Left! Right! Left!" The voice of a drill sergeant marching his troops cuts through the air. "Platoon! Salute to the left! Salute!" The sergeant rhythmically calls to the ranks of men. With the kind of precision that only comes with years of disciplined practice, the Platoon snapped their hands to their forehead in unison. I return their salute, an action as natural to me as breathing.
As the Platoon marched into the distance, I returned my gaze to the road ahead. I was being ridiculous. I had led men into battle. Faced death itself. But this feeling deep in my stomach was one I hadn't felt in a long time.
A pair of magpies flew overhead with joyful chirps and playful tumbling. Swooping from one side of the fence to the other, as if to mock my fears.
"It's all my head" I muttered under my breath.
I was not sure what awaited me at the end of that road. But I knew it was a path I must take. Sink or swim, it did not matter. What lay ahead was endless possibility. Surely that is reason enough.
A small part of me had wished I had made this journey earlier, at a time when I was younger. I let go of the thought. It was too late for regrets.
With a cold sweat atop my brow, I grabbed my black case and stepped over the threshold. For the first time in 22 years, I was a free man.
This story was created as part of a writing prompt from the creative cafe on Medium.
Please let me know what you think in the comments and follow!


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By Cat DiStasio
The internet is one of the most important inventions of the modern era. However, current estimates say that only 40 percent of people around the globe have access. As internet connectivity becomes ever more important, new technologies are emerging to connect the entire globe with better, faster service. On several continents, research and development projects are underway to provide internet connectivity via high-altitude balloons -- not unlike those used to capture weather data, unmanned solar-powered drones and next-generation wireless routers. Each offers higher speeds and more reliability than current modes, plus the obvious benefit: getting the world online, all at the same time.


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Councillor, Swindon Borough Council
Oliver was first elected onto Swindon Borough Council in 2013 and has since served in multiple chair and cabinet roles including Community and Safety and Economic Prosperity.
He has acted as a Director for a number of companies including continuous operation of Datacentre specialists such as Datalibrium Limited alongside community activity such as School Governor and Ward Councillor. He operates additional political functions within Swindon including the Management Board for The Swindon Conservative Association.
He has lived in Swindon for all of this life and enjoyed the past 20 years with his family.


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The new Leica S3 - Available to Pre Order from Leica Store Manchester. Camera will be allocated on deposited orders on a first come, first served basis when camera is released in Spring 2019. SRP of the camera will be released nearer to the launch of the camera.
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Outside influences: Extramedia forces and the newsworthiness conceptions of online newspaper journalists
by William P. Cassidy
This article examines the influence of extramedia (outside) forces on the newsworthiness conceptions of U.S. online and print daily newspaper journalists. A national survey (N=655) found that while extramedia forces exerted only a moderate influence overall, they were more influential on the online group. Online daily newspaper journalists rated Audience Research, Advertisers, Public Opinion Polls, Wire Service Budgets and Prestige Publications are significantly more influential than did print daily newspaper journalists. The findings suggest that journalists in the online environment are reconceptualizing their gatekeeping roles.
Influences on newsworthiness
Theoretical framework
Studies of online journalists
Research questions
Limitations and conclusion
Weaver and Wilhoit (1996) assert that Nothing in the [journalism] field is more important than decisions about what is worthy of publication or broadcast [1], noting that much of the criticism about the news media concerns the selection of news stories. Kovach and Rosenstiel (2001) state that with the advent of the Internet, the concepts of journalists' applying judgment as to what constitutes news is more important than ever. Journalists, they say, no longer decide what information the public should know, but instead, help audiences make sense of it. Similarly, Singer (1998) suggests that the Internet could prompt a fundamental shift in journalists roles, while a report by the Project for Excellence in Journalism (2004) notes that the increasing availability of news from reliable and unreliable sources makes the demand for the journalist as referee, watchdog and interpreter all the greater.
During the past decade, the Internet has emerged as a major source of news, with more than 50 million Americans obtaining news from the Web on a typical day (Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2006). As a result, online journalism has been analyzed extensively by critics and scholars, particularly in terms of content and audience (Singer and Thiel, 2002). However, despite the increasing prominence of the Internet as a news medium, less scholarly attention has been paid to online journalists (Weaver, et al., 2006).
Research investigating how journalists perform their jobs is important to understanding the profession (Brill, 2001). Thus, this project seeks to add to our knowledge of online journalists by examining the influence of several factors on U. S. online daily newspaper journalists conceptions of newsworthiness and comparing their responses to those of print daily newspaper journalists. Data for this study were gathered via a nationwide survey.
Influences on newsworthiness
Weaver, Wilhoit and colleagues (1986, 1996, 2006), in their extensive chronicles of the profession, asked journalists to rate the influence of a number of factors on their conceptions of newsworthiness.
Generally speaking, their research has found that journalistic training exerted the biggest influence on conceptions of newsworthiness, followed by editors and peers on staff. For example, 79 percent of daily newspaper journalists ranked journalistic training as being very influential, followed by staff supervisors at 60 percent, and staff peers at 40 percent (Weaver, et al., 2006).
A bit less influential were factors from outside the news organization such as sources (39 percent of daily newspaper journalists rating them as very influential), audience research (29 percent), wire service budgets (27 percent), local competitors (21 percent) and large newspapers or network television news (12 percent) (Weaver, et al., 2006).
However, Boczkowski (2004a) in his ethnographic study of the development of online newspapers, suggests that they differ from their print counterparts in editorial practices. He believes that in the online environment the news seems to be shaped by a greater and more varied group of actors [2], and that factors outside the newsroom such as advertisers and the audience may have more influence on online newspaper journalists conceptions of newsworthiness. Therefore, this study focuses on external influences on online daily and print daily newspaper journalists conceptions of newsworthiness.
Theoretical framework
Inherent in this research is the assumption that journalists themselves are at the heart of decisions regarding newsworthiness (Weaver, et al., 2006). This assumption is directly tied to the concept of the journalist as a gatekeeper — someone who selects what to cover and how to cover it (Bennett, 2007). Gatekeeping theory, combined with Shoemaker and Reeses (1996) hierarchical model of news influences serves as the framework for this study.
Gatekeeping theory, as developed by psychologist Kurt Lewin, states that there are forces which can either facilitate or constrain the passage of news stories through the gatekeeping process (Shoemaker, 1991). Early inquiries into gatekeeping theory concentrated on the decisions of a single gatekeeper. For example, David Manning White (1950) examined the decisions made by a newspaper wire editor in selecting stories to publish. White concluded that the wire editors decisions were subjective and based on his beliefs concerning newsworthiness. Studies by Snider (1967) and Bleske (1991) found similar results.
However, later analyses of that research found that the work of those individual gatekeepers was influenced by other levels of gatekeeping forces, such as the professional routines of journalists, as well as the policies of the news organization (Ettema and Whitney, 1987; Hirsch, 1977; Reese and Ballinger 2001). For example, Hirsch (1977) said the reasons for the decisions made by the wire editor in Whites (1950) study were primarily based on commonly held views among the journalism profession about whether or not a story is newsworthy. These norms, according to Hirsch better explained the decisions made. Such work revealed gatekeeping to be more complex than previously thought.
A pair of studies (Cassidy, 2006; Shoemaker, et al., 2001) have utilized gatekeeping theory in conjunction with Shoemaker and Reeses (1996) hierarchical model of news influences. The model describes five levels of forces that influence news media content individual, routine, organizational characteristics, extramedia and ideological. Cassidy (2006) found that routine level forces (professional norms) exerted more influence than individual forces (factors intrinsic to the individual journalists) on the role conceptions of print and online newspaper journalists. Results of the Shoemaker, et al. (2001) study showed that the individual characteristics of journalists who reported on major U.S. Congressional bills were not related to coverage, while the routine force of editors assessments of the bills were significantly correlated with the amount of coverage.
The focus here is on forces at the extramedia level. Extramedia forces are those that come from outside of the individual media organization (Shoemaker and Reese, 1996). Included at this level are sources, special interest groups, other media organizations, the audience, and advertisers.
Sources are important because they determine what image of society is presented as well as what information is transmitted to the public (Soloski, 1989) and the sources journalists choose to utilize can impact the way a story is written (Shoemaker and Reese, 1996). Gans (1979) wrote that the sources journalists use reflect societys desire for moral order. Research has shown a consistent pattern of official sources dominating news reports (Bennett, 1990; Gans, 1979; Sigal, 1973). Tuchman (1978) says this is because the power structure of society is perceived as the legitimate site for gathering news.
Special interest groups regularly try to influence media content, in hopes of influencing public policy (Gandy, 1982). However, as Shoemaker and Reese (1996) note, their success is mixed at best. Thrall (2006) found that special interest groups with extensive resources were the ones covered most often in the news media, and received more positive coverage than resourcepoor groups.
Research has shown that journalists routinely use journalists from other media organizations, as well as other publications as points of reference (Bennett, 2007; Crouse, 1972; Dunwoody, 1997; Kiernan, 2003; Reineman, 2004). This pack mentality provides journalists with what Sigal (1973) calls a modicum of certitude and aids them in performing their jobs in an uncertain environment. Gans (1979) found that editors often read prestige publications such as the New York Times for story ideas and that reporters stood a better chance of having their story ideas accepted if the subject had already been covered in such a publication. Similarly, wire service budgets have been shown to act as a gatekeeping force by suggesting to newspapers the proper mix of news (Whitney and Becker, 1982). In fact, Hirsch (1977), when examining the initial gatekeeping study by White (1950), discovered that the types and proportions of stories selected by the gatekeeper were very similar to those sent to him by the wire services.
Shoemaker and Reese (1996) contend that the audience has less influence on content than many routine and organizational forces. In fact, they say Journalists write primarily for themselves, for their editors, and for other journalists [3]. However, as noted earlier, Boczkowski (2004a) believes the audience has a greater effect on the news in the online environment due to the increased interactions between them and journalists. Indeed, Weaver, et al. (2006) found that online journalists were much more likely to hear regularly from audience members than their traditional counterparts.
Advertisers have long attempted to influence content, but their success in doing so is mixed (DeLorme and Fedler, 2005). However, in a survey of daily newspaper editors Soley and Craig (1992) found nearly 90 percent had been pressured by advertisers and that more than onethird (37 percent) of editors said they had acquiesced to pressure from advertisers. Nearly all the editors said advertisers had withdrawn advertising because of conflicts over content.
Studies of online journalists
While no previous research has investigated influences on online journalists conceptions of newsworthiness, several studies of the roles and professional practices of online journalists have appeared in recent years. A survey of the online editors at more than 200 daily newspapers found that nearly all agreed that journalism ethics and standards should be the same for both the print and online editions. However, nearly half (47 percent) felt that less time was spent verifying the facts of a story before it is published online and that the online edition was not as likely to follow general ethical standards of the profession (Arant and Anderson, 2001).
Singer (1997) found evidence in her study of online personnel at three newspapers found evidence that online journalists see their gatekeeping roles as evolving with the advent of the Internet. Journalists regarded themselves as credible interpreters and assessors of the quality of the large amounts of information available to the online audience. In another study of gatekeeping roles, Singer (2001b) discovered that the online editions of six Colorado newspapers concentrated on posting local stories, at the expense of nonlocal ones, thereby giving readers a much smaller view of the world. Such action, she said, signifies online journalists are giving up an important gatekeeping function.
In a more recent study, Singer (2006) found that online newspaper editors were reconceptualizing their gatekeeping roles by incorporating the interactive features of the Web into their coverage of the 2004 political campaign. The editors, she said, provided content that users could manipulate to suit personal needs [4], such as interactive voter guides and ballot builders. These accommodations are a step toward what Singer calls a partnership between editors and users.
Brill (2001) reported the professional role conceptions of 66 online daily newspaper journalists and compared her results to those of newspaper journalists in Weaver and Wilhoits (1996) study. Both groups were similar in their perceptions of the disseminator role conception, which emphasizes getting information to the public as quickly as possible, and avoiding stories with unverifiable facts. Cassidy (2005) found that both online and print daily newspaper journalists placed greater importance on the disseminator role conception, as well as the interpretive/investigative role conception, which emphasizes investigating government claims, analyzing complex problems, and discussing public policy in a timely manner. Weaver, et al., (2006) included a separate sample of 100 online journalists in their most recent study. Like their counterparts in other mediums, online journalists rated the interpretive and disseminator role conceptions more important than the populist mobilizer and adversarial role conception.
Research questions
The research questions examined in this study are:
RQ1: How influential are extramedia level factors on U. S. online and print daily newspaper journalists conceptions of newsworthiness?
RQ2: Are there significant differences between U. S. online and print daily newspaper journalists in the level of influence extramedia level factors exert on their conceptions of newsworthiness?
This study is an analysis of data gathered as part of a larger project (Cassidy, 2003) and other results have been reported elsewhere (Cassidy, 2005; 2006; 2007). The sample of daily newspaper journalists was drawn from the 1,191 daily newspapers included as of February 2003 in Newslink, a major database listing of online newspapers and designed to provide a systematic probability sample of newspapers proportionate to the size of daily circulation [5]. Print circulation figures were used in compiling the sample because it is likely that familiarity with the print edition is what leads readers to seek out a newspaper online (Singer, 2006). The majority of daily newspapers provide staff lists with email contact information (Singer, 2001a) and the author visited the Web sites of each newspaper to see if a list was available. Newspapers with no staff list posted were contacted to see if one could be provided. If a newspaper did not provide a list, the author randomly examined stories on the newspapers Web site to see if contact information for the reporter was available [6].
Data were gathered through a Webbased survey, an effective method of gathering information from people with email addresses and access to the Internet (Dillman, 2000). Invitations to participate in the survey were sent via email messages to 3,330 newspaper journalists (2,050 print and 1,280 online) from 15 July 2003 to 25 August 2003 [7]. A total of 444 invitations (13.3 percent) 325 from the print sample and 119 to the online sample were undeliverable. Of those who received the invitation, 51 37 print and 14 online newspaper journalists declined to participate.
A message with the URL of the survey was emailed to the sample within three days after sending the invitations. In all, 2,835 messages (1,688 to print and 1,147 to online newspaper journalists) were sent between 17 July 2003 and 27 August 2003. Reminder messages were sent one and two weeks, respectively, after the initial message.
Responses were received from 656 individuals, for a 23.1 percent response rate. One response was so incomplete that it could not be used and was eliminated from the study. Thus the final sample size was 655 (456 print and 199 online newspaper journalists). Respondents hailed from all 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia and were employed by 271 daily newspapers. The distribution of the sample is similar demographically to other recent studies of U. S. journalists. For example, males comprised 61 percent and females 39 percent of the sample, compared to 62 percent and 38 percent respectively in the latest American Society of Newspaper Editors (2006) census. Minorities made up 11.4 percent of respondents here, while 13.9 percent of respondents in the ASNE (2006) census were minorities. Nearly 93 percent of respondents in this study are college graduates, compared to 92 percent of newspaper journalists surveyed by Weaver, et al. (2006). In addition, 54.3 percent of respondents here were between ages 2544, and 56.1 percent of newspaper journalists in Weaver, et al. (2006) were in that age group.
Utilizing questions adapted from Weaver and Wilhoit (1996), respondents were assessed how influential nine extramedia forces are on their concept of what is newsworthy. The level of influence respondents assigned each extramedia force was measured using a 7point Likerttype scale (1=not at all influential, 7=very influential). The extramedia forces examined were:
- Sources
- Interest Groups
- Prestige Publications
- Local Competing News Media
- Wire Service Budgets
- Readers
- Audience Research
- Public Opinion Polls
- Advertisers
RQ1 asks how influential extramedia forces are on online and print newspaper journalists conceptions of newsworthiness. Table 1 shows that most of the nine extramedia force variables examined here exerted, at best, only a moderate level of influence. Both groups ranked Readers as most important. In fact, Readers was the only extramedia force scoring higher than 5 on a 7point scale for the print group (M=5.45). Readers also ranked highest for the online group (M=5.63). Sources was also rated as relatively important by both groups with means of 5.03 for the online group and 4.76 for the print group. Local Competing News Media was the only other extramedia force with a mean greater than 4 for both groups. The mean level of influence for this force on the online group was 4.31, while the mean for the print group was 4.07.
Table 1: Means of extramedia forces.
Note: N=655; df=653. Based on a 7point scale (1=not at all influential, 7=very influential)
Force Online
SD ρ Sources 5.03 1.30 4.76 1.43 .078 Interest Groups 3.22 1.50 3.16 1.50 .619 Prestige Publications 4.08 1.32 3.75 1.58 .029 Local Competitors 4.31 1.54 4.07 1.56 .153 Wire Service Budgets 4.10 1.39 3.74 1.56 .021 Readers 5.63 1.23 5.45 1.26 .180 Audience Research 4.39 1.67 3.44 1.78 <.001 Public Opinion Polls 3.63 1.59 3.16 1.60 .007 Advertisers 1.94 1.28 1.58 1.05 .003
RQ2 concerns whether significant differences exist between online and print newspaper journalists in the level of influence extramedia forces have on their conceptions of newsworthiness. As shown in Table 1, five of the extramedia forces were significantly more influential to online newspaper journalists conceptions of newsworthiness.
The mean score for Sources was 5.03 (SD=1.30) for the online group and 4.76 (SD=1.43) for the print group. This difference was not significant (t=1.76, df=653, ρ=.078). No significant differences were found between the online and print newspaper journalists regarding the Interest Groups variable (t=.498, df=653, ρ=.619). The mean for this variable among the online group was 3.14 (SD=1.50), and was 3.22 (SD=1.50) for the print group.
Online newspaper journalists rated Prestige Publications significantly more influential on their conceptions of newsworthiness than did print newspaper journalists (t=2.20, df=653, ρ=.029). The mean score for the online group was 4.08 (SD=1.32) compared to 3.75 (SD=1.58) for the print group.
Online newspaper journalists gave the Local Competing News Media variable a mean of 4.31 (SD=1.56), while the mean for the print group was 4.07 (SD=1.56). This difference was not significant (t=1.43, df=653, ρ=.153).
The mean score for Wire Service Budgets was 4.10 (SD=1.39) for the online group and 3.74 (SD=1.56) for the print group. Online newspaper journalists rated this variable as significantly more influential than print newspaper journalists (t=2.33, df=653, ρ=.021).
As noted earlier, both groups rated Readers as having more influence than the other variables analyzed here. The mean score for the online group was 5.64 (SD=1.23), and 5.45 (SD=1.26) for the print group. The difference was not significant (t=1.34, df=653, ρ=.180).
The most significant difference between the two groups was the influence of Audience Research, with online newspaper journalists rating this variable as more important than print newspaper journalists (t=5.05, df=653, ρ <.001) on their conceptions of newsworthiness. The mean for the online group was 4.39 (SD=1.67) for the online group and 3.44 (SD=1.78) for the print group.
Online newspaper journalists also rated Public Opinion Polls as having significantly more influence on their conceptions of newsworthiness (t=2.73, df=653, ρ=.007), reporting a mean score of 3.63 (SD=1.59) compared to a mean of 3.16 (SD=1.60) for print newspaper journalists.
While exerting little influence overall, Advertisers proved significantly more influential on the online group (t=2.99, df=653, ρ=.003) with a mean of 1.94 (SD=1.28). The mean for the print group was 1.58 (SD=1.05).
This study compared the influence of nine extramedia forces on online and print newspaper journalists conceptions of newsworthiness. As one of the first to look at influences on the newsworthiness decisions of a nationwide sample of online and print newspaper journalists, the results provide additional information on the changing gatekeeping role of journalists in the online environment.
Overall, both groups rated the extramedia forces examined here as having a moderate influence on their conceptions of newsworthiness. These findings are in line with recent research. As noted earlier, Weaver and colleagues (2006) found extramedia forces were less influential on conceptions of newsworthiness than routine level forces such as supervisors, or peers on staff.
However, upon closer examination, the results also show support for Boczkowskis (2004a) contention that online newspaper journalists are influenced more by outside forces than their print counterparts. Online newspaper journalists rated each of the extramedia forces in this study has being more influential than did print newspaper journalists, with five of those differences reaching levels of significance.
Perhaps it is not surprising that the online group rated the Prestige Press and Wire Service Budgets as significantly more influential on their conceptions of newsworthiness than did the print group. Online newspapers are still a relatively new phenomenon. It is only within the last decade that many newspapers began establishing an online presence (Singer, et al., 1999). Thus, it seems logical that journalists in such a new and developing medium would look to more traditional entities for guidance in this area. Similarly, it comes as no surprise that Advertisers, while exerting little influence overall, were significantly more influential on the newsworthiness conceptions of online newspaper journalists. The amount of money spent by advertisers online pales in comparison to other mediums (Project for Excellence in Journalism, 2007). Perhaps online newspaper journalists feel it is in their best interest to pay more attention to their needs and concerns.
Boczkowski (2004a) stressed the influence of the audience on journalists conceptions of newsworthiness. He writes that in the online environment the news moves from being mostly journalistcentered [and] communicated as a monologue ... to also being increasingly audiencecentered. [8]
The results here support that statement. While no significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the influence of Readers, this study found a very significant difference between online and print newspaper journalists in their assessments of the influence of Audience Research on their conceptions of newsworthiness (ρ <.001) Similarly, the online group rated Public Opinion Polls as significantly more important than did the print group (ρ=.007).
A reason for these differences may be a result of the technological characteristics of the Internet as a news medium, which challenge more traditional journalistic ways of reporting. For example, Deuze (2001) says that online journalists must make allowances for interactivity in their stories. As a result, online coverage of a story tends to elicit a wider spectrum of voices and ... explicit and implicit exchanges among them [9], resulting in coverage more resembling a conversation and online journalists being more aware of the audience. As noted earlier, Singer (2006) found that online newspaper editors produced more content that could be personalized by the audience during the 2004 election campaign.
Limitations and conclusion
There are several limitations to this study. Although the 23.1 percent response rate is similar to that in other studies of newspaper journalists (e.g., Arant and Anderson, 2001; Singer, et al., 1999) it is possible the responses from nonrespondents would differ from those who participated in this study. In particular, the lack of responses from online newspaper journalists is a concern. Only 199 newspaper journalists responded to this survey. While it is not possible to report the exact response rate for each group because the author had no way of knowing if a respondent originally targeted as a member of one group was instead a member of the other, it appears that online newspaper journalists were less likely to respond.
Accordingly, the results are limited by the sampling design. This study followed the example of Arant and Meyer (1997) and was designed to provide a systematic probability sample of daily newspapers proportionate to circulation size. Therefore, the larger the circulation of the newspaper, the more survey invitations sent to staff members of that paper. However, it was discovered that some newspapers have small online journalism staffs in relation to paid circulation. As a result, some newspapers were unable to fulfill the number of survey recipients accorded them in the sampling design. This limited the number of online newspaper journalists receiving the survey.
Another possible limitation is that the data were gathered in 2003. However, it can also be argued that this was a noteworthy period in American journalism history. Respondents completed the survey just a few months after news of the Jayson Blair scandal broke. Blair, a young reporter for the New York Times was fired after it was discovered he committed plagiarism and fabricated a number of stories. According to Weaver, et al., (2006) the scandal raised questions about the standards, values, and ethics of the journalism profession. Data such as that presented here provides information about Blairs contemporaries.
Also, this study took place during a significant period in the development of online journalism, which has been referred to as the third wave (Pryor, 2003). Online news organizations and journalists were more knowledgeable and better trained and began to develop a better understanding of their audience. In addition, the online news audience began to grow during this period after a tumultuous period a few years earlier, which saw news organizations withdraw much of their support for online endeavors.
However, despite the above limitations, this study provides additional information about a growing segment of the journalist population, as well as insight into their professional roles and values. As noted earlier, despite some differences, both online and print newspaper journalists rated the extramedia forces examined here as only moderately influential overall on their conceptions of newsworthiness. A potential reason for this could lie in the fact that the online journalists studied here are associated with a traditional media entity: the print version of the newspaper. Sociology of news media research contends that journalists adapt the norms and values of the profession, as well as those of the organization employing them. Indeed, Boczkowski (2004a) said many online newspaper journalists in his study exhibited an occupational identity that resembled the one of their print counterparts, as defined partly by a traditional gatekeeping function and a disregard for userauthored content. [10].
Nevertheless, some significant differences were found. The newsworthiness conceptions of online newspaper journalists tend to be more influenced by extramedia forces in particular, those related to the audience which, in turn, can impact what content is published (Boczkowski, 2004b). Thus, the results here provide further evidence that journalists are reshaping their gatekeeping roles in the online environment. Future research should examine online newspaper content, especially given that online editions may be offering content for the print edition (Singer, 2006). In addition, journalists working for Webonly media outlets, as well as bloggers, should be examined. It is possible the differences between those journalists and the more traditional journalists surveyed here, might be more extensive.
About the author
William P. Cassidy is an assistant professor in the Department of Communication at Northern Illinois University. His major research interests are online journalism, influences on news media content, and media coverage of the AIDS epidemic.
Email: bcassidy [at] niu [dot] edu
1. Weaver and Wilhoit, 1996, p. 147.
2. Boczkowski, 2004a, p. 183.
3. Shoemaker and Reese, 1996, p. 117.
4. Singer, 2006, p. 275.
5. Arant and Meyer (1997) contend that a purely random sample of newspapers overrepresents the readers of smaller newspapers and excludes many who read larger newspapers. Therefore, to best represent readers in the sampling design, Arant and Meyers (1997) methods were employed. The 2 September 2002 circulation figures from the Audit Bureau of Circulation of the 1,191 dailies listed in Newslink were hypothetically stacked for a total weekday circulation of 52,870,276. A random starting point was chosen, and after consulting research examining the print and online newspaper journalist population, a newspaper from the stack was pulled at every 25,790th copy for the print newspaper journalist sample and every 30,211th for the online newspaper journalist sample.
6. Contact information for a reporter was provided in all cases. Arant and Meyer (1997) used this method to select a portion of the newspaper journalists sampled in their study. To obtain responses from online staffers, generic email messages were sent to the organization asking that the message be forwarded to the newspapers online staff.
7. When drawing the online newspaper journalist sample, it became apparent that significant variance existed in the number of online staff members at daily newspapers. Previous research made no explicit distinction between journalistic online staffers and those in other types of positions. As a result, some newspapers, because they had small online journalistic staffs in relation to print circulation, were unable to provide the number of survey respondents accorded them in the sampling design. In addition, there were cases when a group of newspapers shared a single Web site manned by a small staff. Therefore, the number in the online newspaper journalist sample was only 1,280.
8. Boczkowski, 2004a, p. 183.
9. Boczkowski, 2004a, p. 185.
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Stephen D. Reese and Jane Ballinger, 2001. The roots of a sociology of news: Remembering Mr. Gates and social control in the newsroom, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, volume 78, number 4 (Winter), pp. 641658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900107800402
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Jane B. Singer, 2001b. The metro wide web: Changes in newspapers gatekeeping roles online, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, volume 78, number 1 (Spring), pp. 6580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900107800105
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Editorial history
Paper received 26 November 2007; accepted 4 January 2008.
Copyright © 2008, First Monday.
Copyright © 2008, William P. Cassidy.
Outside influences: Extramedia forces and the newsworthiness conceptions of online newspaper journalists
by William P. Cassidy
First Monday, Volume 13 Number 1 - 7 January 2008
A Great Cities Initiative of the University of Illinois at Chicago University Library.
© First Monday, 1995-2020. ISSN 1396-0466.


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The Physician Assistant (PA) Studies Program provides a comprehensive primary care education that prepares graduates to deliver high-quality health care to meet the needs of patients in South Dakota and the surrounding region.
To accomplish this mission, the PA program:
Physician assistants and students should demonstrate the following core beliefs, attitudes and behaviors at all times:
The program is accredited by the Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant. Our graduates are eligible for the national certification examination administered by the National Commission on the Certification of Physician Assistants.


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Hi everybody!!! I am a little bit late with my amazon bestsellers list. I was too busy on the last days. Here are my choices from Amazon February Bestsellers.
Get Your Sh~t Together: The New York Times Bestseller
How To Be Happy: The unmissable, uplifting Kindle bestseller
All The Light We Cannot See: A Novel
Days of Wonder
When: The Scientific Secrets Of Perfect Timing
For more books click here.
Women Outfit & Accessories
Triumph minimizer BH
Liebeskind Berlin Essential Pablita Wallet
Lacoste Sweatshirt
Hunkemöller Push Up BH
Sketchers Madison Ave İnner City Sneakers
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Elistelle Beautilife Choker Necklace
Lureme Necklace with feathers
Elistelle 10 pcs Boho rings
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Boho Bracelet
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I think it is the right moment to search for new sunglasses.
DayLın Ray-Ban Unisex Vıntage Sunglasses
Sojos Unisex Sunglasses
Montana Eyewear Unisex Sunglasses
StyleBreaker Elegant Women Pilot Sunglasses
La Optica B.L.M. UV400 CAT 3 Women Retro Cat Eye Sunglasses
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Olaplex Hair Perfector
American Crew Styling Cream
Rituals Of the Ritual of Sakura Shower Gel Foam
Rituals of Ritual Sakura Present Set
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This was my amazon bestseller list for February.I hope you like it. I wish you all a very happy day. Thanks for visiting and reading.
- This post includes affiliate links.


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Home > French > French Books > French Children's Books > French Picture Story Books
Product Code: 2470
Only 1 in stock (more available soon)
The little rabbit is being chased by a wolf and he and his family seek refuge in their car. Disaster strikes when the car won't start!
A recommended story book on the Catherine Cheater French Scheme of Work for Year 4.
This book is written entirely in French with no English translation or pronunciation guide as it is intended for native users. The language is fairly simple as it is aimed at young children.
For ages 3+
Board Book, 18pp, 215 x 230mm
If I had £1 for every time I'd read this to my Foundation Classes I would be rich! They love the story, never tire of hearing it and can join in with the words including funny voices for wolf and Lulu. Perfect for 3-6 year olds!
Christmas Delivery - Please click here to see our last order dates for pre-Christmas delivery.
Economy Delivery £3.49 per order (or FREE for orders over £50) Despatch within 2 working days for in-stock items. Sent using Royal Mail 48 (2 - 5 day delivery).
First Class Delivery £4.99 per orderSame day despatch if ordered before 2pm, Mon-Fri. Sent using Royal Mail 24 (1 - 3 day delivery).
Express Delivery £6.99 per order Same day despatch if ordered before 12pm, Mon-Fri. Sent using DHL courier on a next-day service (Mon-Fri deliveries only).
International Delivery
We deliver to most countries worldwide. Our postage and packaging prices to international destinations vary depending on the total weight of your order. If you add items to your basket and select your country from the "estimate delivery" dropdown box at the bottom of the basket page, you will be able to see immediately how much it would cost to ship those items to you.
For full details of our delivery terms, please click here.


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Digital Copier
A photocopier (also known as a copier or copy machine) is a machine that makes copies of documents and other visual images onto paper or plastic film quickly and cheaply. Most modern photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a light-sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner particles (a powder) onto paper in the form of an image. Heat, pressure or a combination of both is then used to fuse the toner onto the paper. Copiers can also use other technologies such as ink jet, but xerography is standard for office copying. Earlier versions included the Gestetner stencil duplicator, invented by David Gestetner in 1881.
Commercial xerographic office photocopying was introduced by Xerox in 1959, and it gradually replaced copies made by Verifax, Photostat, carbon paper, mimeograph machines, and other duplicating machines.
Image copier services (ICSlogin) is one of the leading copier sales and services in Chennai. We are specialized in sales and services all the type models of copier machines such as Canon, Toshiba, etc. We offer brand new copiers that will suit all the type of working environment from high to small volume workgroups. We are always training to perfect our services with high professional technicians so that we can offer the very best in customer care to all our clients. We always stand behind our work and guarantee customer satisfaction so that each and every client chooses ICS is one of the best copier sales and services in Chennai.
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CE: Wildwood Star Party in NE City
Join local astronomers on Sept. 7th for an evening under the stars. Telescopes from area astronomy clubs will be set up on the golf course just south of the Wildwood Historic Center parking lot. Starting anytime after 8:00 p.m. get an amazing view of the night sky. A special treat is seeing the moon through the 1850's telescope from the Wildwood collection. Great event for families and it is FREE!!!!
Take a turn yourself looking through telescopes at the night sky. Ella Ware (who called Wildwood home) saw Arcturus in the mid 1800's. You can see it too at the Wildwood Star Party on Saturday, September 7th, starting at 8pm!
Lots of telescopes & lots of information. Join the Wildwood Historic Center staff and astronomers for a night under the stars to learn more about the night sky.


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Where do you usually get the topics to write on your blog/s? If you're maintaining several blogs, like me, I'm sure you have had this dilemma. One thing I can advise you is to have different focus or theme on each otherwise, you're gonna run out of words to say. *what a brilliant idea, hahaha* Of course, you have thought about it, hinde na kelangang i-memorize yan. I just mentioned it because I've been having a hard time coming up with a topic to write this morning. I seriously need to UPGRADE my brain – 5 Gig RAM, Pentium 5, triple core so I can think and write faster. LOL
I woke up 4am today, checked my emails, listened to my playlist, had a hearty breakfast, finished updating my 2 other blogs and after several hours, I still haven't come up with something to write in here. I took a bath and after that first spill of cold water on my friggin head, something struck me and got me thinking. Hahaha. So, the moral for today is to take a bath first whenever you're out of words to blog. It will give you that fresh perspective on things around you. Hahaha
Going back to the title of this post, it's like Ken of Barbie versus Shrek, Prince William versus the likes of Manny, Empoy, Bayani, Jose, etc. noh?
Do you ever wonder why there are some not-so-good looking guys who end up with gorgeous girls? How was it possible? I say it's because of that magic called CHARM. Do you know where I can purchase it? I think it's similar to appeal, charisma, sex appeal, x factor, aura etc. You know a charming person when you see one. Those ultra likeable person who seems to magnet people around him/her. And yes dear readers, that is not an inborn thing. You can actually learn it! Ok, I'm not even that super charming to begin with. Hahaha. But I'd like to believe that I got some. Guts, I have plenty. In my own observation, I think these charming people are the ones who:
- smile a lot – genuine smile that is.
- dress better
social climbsocialize with others easily
- feel good about themselves and make others feel good about themselves too
- funny and exudes positivity in all manners
- are smart
Charm can last forever but good looks, they're just there as long as they last. It's very superficial. And in my opinion, you're most likely to succeed if you are charming. People of all ages and lifestyles will get near you, while those who are SNOB and those who can be very vain, they repel people. Hinde ka na nga kagwapuhan/kagandahan tapos SNOB ka pa, gudlak di ba? And although good looking people have the best opportunities in life, they don't always end up as the happiest people in this world. I've seen people who look macho gwapito naman but they're living a wasted life. They end up in failed relationships, unhappy marriage with no job. You can be a WENTWORTH-look-alike but if you're not smart enough and you don't know how to get along with people, your looks is as good as nothing. While the CHARMING people, they can always live a happy life and they share this good vibes to the people around them.
It would have been better if you have the looks and charm at the same time. But for us, who's part of the brown race humanity, I am not saying na we're all ugly ha pero diba in this world, beauty is defined as someone who is mestiza/mestizo, slender/tall, with pointed nose, lovely sparkling eyes and Brazilian body – all of which we might not have – How are you going to compete? What do you do if you weren't blessed with good looks? Be CHARMING instead and I'm sure you'll hit it big time.
If I have it another way, I'd rather have GOOD LOOKS kase for me, you can learn to be CHARMING anytime you want. But to have GOOD LOOKS? Well, you'll have to change your parents, your kanunununuan , your bones and genes to get one. Hahahah
And in choosing a partner, I'd probably hook up with a charming guy like Vhong Navarro. Divanetch?


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Friends, like I've mentioned earlier that there's importance of movies to impact & influence society (in Why Talk about Movies ?). I finally could take some time & list a few favorites. Shall keep updating the list, so don't forget to bookmark the page.
NOTE US Residents : Most of the movies mentioned here are available in your Local Libraries & Video Libraries so check with them before you buy a DVD. Another good option would be to search in Google Videos / YouTube we never know whats out there for Free !


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Jul 11
So the thinking was… I have a Rogers account, the iPhone is now supported on Rogers, I'll plug it in and update to iPhone OS 2.0. Nope. I got an unsupported SIM card error.
So if you live in Canada and you have a Rogers SIM and you want to just upgrade your old phones software to 2.0, wait for the hack/unlock.


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"My Uncle Harry had given me a microscope as a present which allowed me to continue my personal explorations of the living world." - Sydney Brenner
Cell Lecture I
Check here often for the notes covering the Cell Unit and be sure to go the
Student Resources
if you need to install the
Powerpoint Viewer!
Cell Lecture II
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La Senza Striped & Satin Bow Lace Mesh Knickers
Smooth lines and superb style make this La Senza Striped & Satin Bow Lace Mesh Knickers fun to wear. They are made of breathable, soft, lightweight fabric and deliver a superior fit for lasting comfort throughout your day. The sexy lace detail and seamlessly smooth construction are the key ingredients in creating a great pair of underwear that are not only comfortable but also stylish. This perfect to wear for your special and sexy nights, so you must have to add this in your wardrobe.
Important Features
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text: Just as important as the design of the primary refrigeration circuits is the design and the brine selection of the secondary circuit. AEG uses potassium formate heat transfer fluids. Potassium formate is an organic salt and is completely safe to handle, non-toxic, and biodegradable. The combination of its high thermal conductivity and low viscosity make it the perfect choice for fresh produce storage.


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Innovating organizations understand that accounts payable deserves a seat at the table with Treasury and other senior leaders in Finance. In this webinar, Nvoicepay's VP of Financial Planning and Analysis Josh Cyphers hits on cash management issues, the benefits of an AP-Treasury alliance, and how a wholistic automation strategy can maximize return on AP payments.
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