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Micron-scale crack propagation in laser-irradiated enamel and dentine studied with nano-CT
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The aim of this study was to see the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation in dentine and compare this with its effect in enamel. The mechanism of crack propagation in dentine was emphasised and its clinical implications were discussed.
Materials and methods
Coronal sections of sound enamel and dentine were machined to 50-μm thickness using a FEI-Helios Plasma (FIB). The specimen was irradiated for 30 s with 2.94-μm Er:YAG laser radiation in a moist environment, using a sapphire dental probe tip, with the tip positioned 2 mm away from the sample surface. One of the sections was analysed as a control and not irradiated. Samples were analysed using the Zeiss Xradia 810 Ultra, which allows high spatial resolution, nanoscale 3D imaging using X-ray computed tomography (CT).
Dentine: In the peritubular dentine, micro-cracks ran parallel to the tubules whereas in the inter-tubular region, the cracks ran orthogonal to the dentinal tubules. These cracks extended to a mean depth of approximately 10 μm below the surface. On the dentine surface, there was preferential ablation of the less mineralised intertubular dentine, and this resulted in an irregular topography associated with tubules.
Enamel: The irradiated enamel surface showed a characteristic 'rough' morphology suggesting some preferential ablation along certain microstructure directions. There appears to be very little subsurface damage, with the prismatic structure remaining intact.
A possible mechanism is that laser radiation is transmitted down the dentinal tubules causing micro-cracks to form in the dentinal tubule walls that tend to be limited to this region.
Clinical relevance
Crack might be a source of fracture as it represents a weak point and subsequently might lead to a failure in restorative dentistry.
KeywordsEnamel Dentine Er:YAG laser Nanotomography
Dental hard tissues are organised in a three-dimensional and hierarchical manner and exhibit anisotropic mechanical properties [1, 2, 3]. Enamel and dentine also have heterogeneity of structure, and the variation in structure and mechanical properties may influence the direction of crack progression [4].
Laser radiation of dental hard tissues usually results in the observation of cracks. Previous studies using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging explored the presence of cracks formed with high laser powers, CO2 lasers or when irradiated in a dry environment [5, 6], and are therefore not clinically applicable. Yamada et al. [7] reported that the irradiation of dentine with a CO2 laser resulted in cracks that were mostly in the peritubular dentine. Burkes et al. [8] stated that enamel tissue following Er:YAG laser radiation showed cracks in a dry environment, but no cracks were seen in the wet condition.
The orientation of collagen fibres appears to be particularly significant for the overall dental tissue strength and damage resistance [9, 10]. In the peritubular dentine, the collagen fibres are arranged parallel to the long axis of dentinal tubules, whereas, in the intertubular dentine, the fibres are perpendicular to the dentinal tubules. X-ray diffraction studies have been used to study the structure of collagen fibres, but are difficult to relate to function as they show no preferred orientation of the apatite crystals, with a lack of alignment between crystals in adjacent fibrils. Therefore, fracture behaviour in dentine may be dominated by the collagen fibril direction rather than the orientation of the apatite crystals [11].
The thermo-physical characteristics of a tooth vary between the enamel and dentine and even in the individual dental layer; they are anisotropic and inhomogeneous [12]. The thermal conductivity of heterogeneous substances like a human tooth is greatly influenced by its structure and composition [13]. Lin et al. [12] reported that the thermal conductivity of human dentine expressed a weak anisotropy, which might be attributed to the presence of dentinal tubules. The literature reports various values of thermal behaviour of enamel and dentine, which may be attributed to the different design of experiments and scales. However, they agree that the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of dentine are less than that of enamel [12, 14, 15, 16].
Values of different parameters of enamel, dentine and water
Thermal diffusivity (mm2 s−1)
Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)
Absorption coefficient (mm−1)
Absorption depth (μm)
Thermal relaxation time (μs)
However, the X-ray nano-CT allows high-resolution examination of cracks at the nanoscale, revealing the extent of nano-cracks due to laser irradiation in dental hard tissues. Using the ZEISS Xradia 810 Ultra X-ray microscope, we were able to achieve spatial resolution down to 50 nm [17]. Nano-CT offers the requisite three-dimensional (3D) spatial resolution for studying dentinal tubules and canaliculi [18]. It is a technique that permits reconstruction of the 3D internal structure of an object without any preparation, by acquiring X-ray projections from different viewing angles ranging from 0 to 180°. Then, the artefact-free 3D structure of the object can be acquired using a reconstruction algorithm [19, 20].
The aim of this work was to examine the effect of Er:YAG laser radiation on the 3D ultrastructure of moist human enamel and dentine. Using a laser allowed a defined amount of energy to be applied to the material surfaces in a defined direction. The thermo-mechanical effects and ablative effects of the energy parameters used in the experiments were carefully defined. The amount of ablated tissue following laser radiation was evaluated using a confocal microscope technique, and subsurface nano-cracks were characterised using nano-CT. The null hypothesis to be tested is that there is no difference in the effect of Er:YAG laser between enamel and dentine tissues.
Materials and methods
Sample preparation
Four human permanent premolar teeth were collected from anonymous dental-care patients and stored as required under the UK Human Tissue Act 2004. The teeth samples were sectioned transversally in 0.1-mm thick discs using the IsoMet® 1000 Precision Saw (Isomet 1000, Buehler, USA). Then, each slice was ground and polished with silicon carbide (SiC) paper of no. 4000-grit (Buehler Ltd., Lake Bluff, IL, USA) to obtain a uniform thickness of 50 μm. Three sections were used for each dental hard tissue.
Laser irradiation
The same laser parameters were used for ablation of enamel and dentine to allow a comparison of the effects on the two tissues. The tissue slices were ablated with an Er:YAG laser (Fidelis Surgical Laser Model 320A Er:YAG Fotona Medical Lasers) emitting at a wavelength of 2.94 μm, with energy density (fluence) 8.42 J/cm−2, pulse energy of 100 mJ and repetition rate of 15 Hz for 30 s. The laser radiation was delivered to the tissue via a sapphire probe tip. The laser was working in the very long pulse mode (750-950 μs). The samples were kept moistened.
Additionally, one sample for each dental hard tissue was analysed by confocal microscopy (LSM510Meta) to define the volume of ablated material following Er:YAG laser radiation.
Nano-CT imaging
Two samples were used for each dental hard tissue. One each was irradiated with the Er:YAG laser, with the others acting as controls. The tissues were examined with the Zessis Xradia 810 Ultra, a lab based X-ray CT instrument using 5.4 kV energy X-rays that are focussed using a Fresnel zone plate. The nano-CT was operated in the large field of view phase contrast mode, in which a Zernike phase ring provides phase contrast, in addition to the absorption contrast mode. The spatial resolution of both modes is approximately 50 nm.
Reconstruction was performed in the Zeiss Xradia XMReconstructor software (version 9.1.12862), using their proprietary back projection based reconstruction algorithm.
Fractures and other features in the specimen (e.g. dentinal tubules) could be identified and followed in three dimensions in the specimens.
Data analysis
Three-dimensional segmentation and analysis of the specimens were performed using Avizo software (version 9.2.0, Thermo Fischer Scientific). The data was filtered using a non-local means filter with a kernel size of 21. Segmentation of the cracks was performed predominantly manually.
LSM510Meta confocal microscopy
This microscope has three types of lasers with three fluorescence detectors including META detector. It is capable of spectral imaging, which is useful for detaching overlapping fluorophores. In the front of each detector of the LSM 510META, there are pinholes that can be beneficial for matching of confocal section thicknesses between varied colours or more precise autofocus.
Impact of Er:YAG laser radiation on the surface of dentine and enamel microstructure
The control dentine showed open and occluded dentinal tubules under the SEM. In the irradiated dentine, all dentinal tubules are opened with no smear layer covering them. The occlusion is believed to be created from polishing debris during preparation (see Fig. 2).
Nano-CT of control enamel and dentine showed the normal structure of dental hard tissues.
Three-dimensional analysis of cracks
Determination of the volume of material removed
In enamel, the volume ablated could not be measured by confocal microscopy as it was too small. The confocal microscopy has a high resolution in the X, Y and Z directions.
Previous studies of irradiation damage in dental tissues have been performed with approaches unable to observe the 3D structure such as transmission electron microscope (TEM) and SEM imaging. These techniques only permit localised observation of the surface [17].
The irradiated dentine revealed many nanoscale-cracks that were mainly concentrated in the peritubular dentine. Some of them were confined to the mineralised ring of the peritubular dentine. Our cracks also extended into the intertubular dentine. Cracks resulting from laser irradiation are usually the result of elastic waves that are generated in the solid target tissue because of the transient thermal shock produced by the intense and local laser heating, thermal expansion and the ablation product recoiling [5, 22, 23]. The peritubular area has a higher content of hydroxyapatite than that of intertubular dentine and is brittle and more vulnerable to crack formation with the thermal shock of laser irradiation [7]. In the three-dimensional view, the cracks can be seen to follow the direction of the mineralised collagen fibres in the inter-tubular dentine but are perpendicular in the peritubular region. The cracks progressed along the tubules (Fig 4).
The crack pattern in our study was localised to the surface, with a mean depth that did not exceed 10 μm and with the cracks appearing somewhat irregular at first look. In another study by Staninec et al. [24], the cracks were created following irradiation with an Er-Cr-YSGG laser in a dry environment and different laser parameters extending to a depth in the range of 131–300 μm. Another study used a diamond cone indenter to mechanically initiate and propagate cracks in elephant dentine (tusk) and reported that the direction of crack propagation was perpendicular to the dentinal tubule axis [17]. The explanation for the different results might be attributed to differences in the structure and composition between elephant and human dentine, but also, the method of crack production varied between studies. The tubules of elephant dentine are elliptical and larger than the round tubules of human dentine. The collagen fibrils and the extent of the peritubular dentine in tusks are smaller than those in human dentine. In ivory, the collagen fibrils are oriented perpendicular to the dentinal tubules and parallel to the long axis of the tooth [25]. In tusk, some of the tubules are filled with carbonated hydroxyapatite which is unlike the case with human dentine. The tubules are arranged over each other axially to form microlaminae. The shape, position and orientation of dentinal tubules into microlaminae are variable for each type of ivory and they can be straight or form wavy structures. The orientation of the tubules can also be different between the adjacent microlaminae [26].
According to this equation, the temperature rise in our study is 0.87 °C, but this describes the overall temperature increase of the tissue. The instantaneous localised temperature increase will be much higher than this. It is known that the interaction mechanism of Er:YAG laser radiation on hard tissues is mediated by rapid heating of water, which creates enormous subsurface pressures leading to explosive removal of material [28]. This mechanism might be a source of the cracks seen in our study. As seen in Fig. 4, cracks are clear in the irradiated dentine which has a higher water content than enamel tissue. Water has the highest absorption coefficient and it is therefore likely that any water present will drive the interaction. In this study, the dentine was kept moist during exposure and as such the tubules would be expected to be filled with water during irradiation. The mechanism for crack propagation is proposed to be due to the rapid expansion of water vapour in the dentinal tubules leading to micro explosion pressure and the formation of the radial cracks, which propagate through the peritubular dentine and into the intertubular dentine. The cracks are more prominent in peritubular dentine since it is denser and more brittle than intertubular dentine. Forein et al. [9] investigated the interaction of human dentine mineral nanoparticles and collagen fibres under humidity-driven stress with heating up to 125 °C. Forein et al. showed (as in our experiment) that the nano-composite structure of dentine hinders the propagation of cracks and diverts them in directions orthogonal to the mineralised inter-tubular collagen layers. The tubules may disrupt propagation of the crack through the dentine, disrupting its spread and directing it along the length of the tubule, which is less damaging to the overall performance of the tooth.
According to Table 1, this goes some way to explaining the different results observed between enamel and dentine with the same amount of laser energy used on both. In this study, the nano-CT of irradiated enamel does not show cracks similar to that of the irradiated dentine. Also, the different structure leads to a varied dissipation of heat. In addition, despite also being kept moist during irradiation, the enamel will not contain internal volumes of water in the same way that the tubules in dentine can. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected.
The rapid expansion of water in the dentinal tubules is considered to be responsible for crack initiation in the peritubular region and at the interface between peritubular and intertubular regions in dentine. The cracks progress along the interface region then propagate into the intertubular matrix, thus propagating along planes parallel to that of the tubules.
- (1)
Laser irradiation of moist enamel with our parameters resulted in a relatively small amount of material removal and no observable sub-surface damage under the conditions used.
- (2)
Laser irradiation of moist dentine resulted in a much more rapid rate of material removal than observed in the enamel and created sub-surface damage up to a depth of approximately 10 μm.
- (3)
Nano-scale cracks were observed in laser-irradiated dentine that were concentrated in the peritubular region but extended into the intertubular matrix. The peritubular dentine around the tubules prevented cracks from propagating uninterrupted in to the matrix, redirecting them along the length of the tubule.
- (4)
The damaged surface of laser-irradiated dentine may be unsuitable for subsequent bonding as the top surface may be prone to delamination due to subsurface cracks, although this process has not been investigated in this study.
- (5)
The evidence supported the mechanism of crack propagation as being caused by water vaporisation causing a pressure wave that resulted in crack formation in the near-surface of the irradiated dentine.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
Ethical approval was given for the experiments. Patient consent was obtained for the teeth to be retained following extraction for unrelated purposes. The teeth were stored under the Human Tissue Authorisation at the University of Manchester in United Kingdom.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Supplementary material
(AVI 55636 kb)
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Hello all! It's December and the mince pies are looking tempting! This week I am playing with MDF and adding some characters from the Hobby Art Poles Apart Set.
I started with one of the fabulous Imagination Crafts MDF Words. These all have pre-drilled holes in for hanging, but you don't have to use them all, or even any! You can also hang things from them, or even hang several words together to make some very funky Christmas word decorations.
Step one was to paint some Sax Blue Imagination Crafts Starlight Paint directly onto the MDF. There was no need to prime with gesso, as the paint is dark and highly pigmented.
Next, I chose some of the characters I wanted to add to my piece from the Hobby Art Poles Apart Set. I stamped with Memento Black Ink and coloured with Spectrum Noir Pencils.
My first attempt at the polar bear I did not like, so I practised and was happy with number two image below (I realise my colouring is not great: I'm learning!):
With my MDF dry, I added some Imagination Crafts Diamond Sparkle Medium all over the front of my word. I had to do this in stages with a snowflake stencil, waiting for each layer to dry before doing the next. I also painted a small snowflake with Platinum Starlight Paint and stippled more of the Sparkle Medium all over this with my finger.
To add some more dimension to my piece I used lots of Diamond Sparkle Medium to create a melted snow look. I put large blobs of the gel at the top and on the letters where 'snow' would fall naturally. I then used a spatula to pull the medium into 'drips'. Once all the bits and bobs were dry I assembled my piece.
I think daddy (or mummy) polar looks quite calm and ready for Christmas, don't you?! Not sure that's going to me this year, but hear's hoping!
See you next week with some different samples relating to tomorrow's class topics...
Lots of love,


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Fixing Houses: Using Psychology for Profits
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(c) Copyright 2004, Jeanette J. Fisher. All rights reserved.
Professor Jeanette Fisher, author of Doghouse to Dollhouse for Dollars, Joy to the Home, and other books teaches Real Estate Investing and Design Psychology. For more articles, tips, reports, newsletters, and sales flyer template, see http://www.doghousetodollhousefordollars.com/pages/5/index.htm
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In a previous article we introduced you to the concept of O.P.
The Art & Science of Property Valuation -- Automated Valuation Models
It is no secret that sellers want to sell high and buyers want to buy low. But they often arrive at the negotiating table with very different ideas on price.
Commercial Income Property Financing: Part 1 of 3
Welcome to this first portion of a three-part series about income property. In this first segment we will be discussing financing options for commercial income properties as well as the upside (and downside) of owning this type of property.
Finding the Right Real Estate Agent:: A Guide for Seniors
When considering buying or selling a home, seniors have a special set of needs that may not apply to others in the real estate market. The first time home buyer has a certain set of needs.
Safe, Scenic & Secure Sussex County Delaware
As I write this, there is a considerable concern about the dangers of urban life, triggered by the terrorist attacks on the USA. As some of you know, I have been a student of disaster preparations and a real estate consultant for those seeking "secluded and survival properties" for over thirty years.
5 Secrets for Surviving a Real Estate Market Downturn
History repeatedly serves to show us that the real estate market is cyclical. It has boom times and stagnant times, occasionally it suffers a crash but real estate never becomes worthless, therefore if the experts are right and we're about to suffer a slow to stagnant period in the real estate market, all is not lost!There are 5 fundamental secrets that real estate investors like to keep close to their chest and they are the secrets that enable them to survive and even profit during a bear market.
10 Frequently Asked Short Sale Questions
1. What happens to the seller's credit rating when they allow an investor to short sell their property?What typically happens is the loan will show up as "paid" on their credit report; however there will be a notation that says "settled for less than originally owed" or something along these lines.
Selling Your Own Home - Pet Issues
If you are selling you own home, you need to consider the effect of pets. People who are working with a real estate broker are sure to get coached about the potential negative effect of pets.
Real Estate: The Consumers Will Have The Final Word!
"The first step toward change is awareness. The second step is acceptance".
The Devine Secrets Of The Ya Ya Lease Purchase Hood
The biggest secret of conducting a successful lease purchase business is to have a plan. I know don't grown.
Buying a Home -- Is a Home Inspection a Good Idea?
To avoid "buying a pig in a poke," buyers have long demanded the closing on a home purchase be contingent upon a satisfactory inspection by a home inspection firm. In many parts of our country, we're now experiencing a strong sellers' real estate market and sellers often receive more than one purchase offer on the same day for their home.
Property in Northern Spain
If you're looking for the 'real' Spain where the culture, customs and the traditional Spanish lifestyle have been preserved - a Spain long ago lost and forgotten along the Costa del Sol - consider Northern Spain.Northern Spain has always been a popular holiday destination for southern Spanish tourists, but until relatively recently it was largely unexplored and undiscovered by foreign tourists and those expatriates seeking a new home overseas.
Selling Houses: Design Psychology Works!
I've taught the concepts of Design Psychology for many years, and I know how much it can empower a person, and allow them to create a fabulous home that sustains their emotions. Since it's based on science, I know that Design Psychology is effective at turning plain spaces into happy places.
Selling Houses with Curb Appeal and Design Psychology
Curb appeal is the most important challenge you'll face when selling your home. You must make home shoppers feel like getting out of their car to see what's behind the front door.
Walnut Creek Real Estate
Looking to relocate to a Californian suburb with a low crime rate, beautiful luxury homes and the convenience of being located just minutes from Oakland and San Francisco? Look no further than Walnut Creek. This city of just over 65,000 people is staying relatively stable in population, but new luxury homes are being constructed in this northern suburb all the time, and there are countless options.
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The 2 m x 3 m Pevo Practice Futsal Goal is perfect for training or recreational purposes. Built of lightweight 2" square aluminum tubing. Includes net, push-button assembly, surface pads, and bungee-ball net fasteners.
Product features:
- Includes net, net fasteners, and indoor floor pads
- Official futsal goal dimensions
- Weighs 65 lbs. each
- 5 year limited manufacturer warranty
- Manufacturer's SKU# SGI-7x10SQ
- Sizes: 2 m x 3 m
- Colors: Natural Finish
- Single includes ONE goal, pair includes TWO goals
Buying for a school, club, or athletic facility? Call us at 612-405-4292 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com for information about special pricing. We would love to help outfit you with everything you need at a great price!
Satisfaction guaranteed. We at Soccer Source stand behind our products and service. If you are not happy with your purchase for any reason, let us know why, and we will make it right.


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Children Trees Programs
Learn about Your lifelong connection with Trees, especially as you support Children & Trees on glocal (global and local) levels.
Involve yourself in the Tree Trek Movement - we encourage you to walk among the trees.
In addition, participate in Write for Shade Programs around the world!
AND - explore and discover why and how Ecological Architexture and Ecological Profitability are required ways to work and play today, and especially for the future.
Possibility Exists in Every Handshake,
Even when YOU shake hands with the Branches of Trees
When you listen you learn; when you share you educate ...
"A truer truism to be truthfully told by all travellers"
Trees are the truth tellers of what was, what is, and what can be.
Attend Wholversity
WELLth Movement's Centre for Learning and Educating
Where you learn why and how to design & develop, and deliver & evaluate "whole system and whole person" products, services, and experiences using make a movement, extraordinary experiences, and ecological architexture tools and techniques.
Attend Wholversity... more
We're committed to support your wise allocation of time, effort, & money as you involve yourself in "children and trees" programs locally and globally.
Get Perspective
Get Clear
Get Support
Get Results
Get Movement/Profit
You'll not be added to any email list.
We'll simply organize our conversation.
Client Testimonial 1:
1 to 1 Facilitative Mentoring
Dr. Stephen Hobbs has helped me to articulate my business vision in much greater detail than I was able to initially explain. His attention to the meaning behind words is profound, as he is able to create a deep richness through making subtle changes to words and sentence structure. This richness added depth and value to my existing content. Steve told me not what I wanted to hear, but what I needed to hear, in a supportive and encouraging way. Steve taught me how to build a stronger foundation for my course platform, to deeply enrich the quality of the content provided, along with a tangible strategy for how to execute an implementation plan using a mentoring approach. I would highly recommend Steve to anyone looking to increase the value of their existing course content or for anyone starting out and needing a solid structure to base their material on.
Shawna Curry
Lifestyle Educator


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"In conjunction with Items: Is Fashion Modern?, this event features presenters from a diverse range of perspectives whose often-hidden roles are critical in shaping the contemporary fashion industry. Inspired by Fashion Is Spinach, a well-known book by Elizabeth Hawes published in 1938 and an insider's critique of the fashion scene, this program provides insight into the ways in which fashion items are designed, manufactured, marketed, distributed, worn, and discarded today, by listening to and engaging with stories from fashion's silent partners." - MoMA
4:20–4:40 Coffee
4:40–5:30 Retail and Circulation: Where fashion meets people
5:30–6:30 Final debate: "This House believes that we should stop buying clothes."
6:30–7:30 Finale: Reception and viewing of Items: Is Fashion Modern?
Or, if you like, you can watch it on YouTube: click --- Fashion is Kale at the MoMA


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In this Face to Face episode, Fahad Ansari discusses some pertinent lessons from the wisdom of Al-Hajj Malik el-Shabbaz, more popularly known as Malcolm X, rahimahullah.Read More »
Home / Tag Archives: AFRICAN
Arabic Language: Past, Present & Future
Arabic is the main surviving language of the Semitic family. It is spoken in the Arab East and Arab West, popularly known as the Middle East and North Africa, as well as in East and West Africa. It is the ...Read More »
51 years since Malcolm X's martyrdom: what have we learnt?
Malcolm X: A Shining Example of Hikma Malcolm X, who was assassinated in New York on 21 February 1965, was a unique figure in the history of Islam in America, and a leader who has inspired generations of Muslim everywhere, ...Read More »


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View the Inaugural Seniors Blue Book
CLICK HERE to view the Inaugural Eastern Nebraska - Western Iowa Seniors Blue Book! Contact Amy if you would like to receive a guide or be added to our distribution list.
A Note From The Regional Director
Welcome to the Eastern Nebraska and Western Iowa Seniors Blue Book! The Seniors Blue Book is excited to be publishing in the Greater Omaha-Lincoln area - the first of its kind in our area and the 28th market served nationally by the Seniors Blue Book. Our first edition is being distributed right now and throughout the Summer 2019!
My Name is Amy Wilkerson and I am the Regional Director. Please CONTACT ME directly if you have any questions or inquiries. I have been involved in working with seniors, their family members and the professionals that serve them for over a decade and can't wait to hear your feedback. Enjoy the guide!


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This site is entirely user-supported. See how you can help.
Latitude: 52.5834 / 52°35'0"N
Longitude: -2.0545 / 2°3'16"W
OS Eastings: 396402
OS Northings: 298402
OS Grid: SO964984
Mapcode National: GBR 1XL.D9
Mapcode Global: WHBG0.DBWB
Entry Name: 45 and 46, Market Place
Listing Date: 31 July 1986
Grade: II
Source: Historic England
Source ID: 1076378
English Heritage Legacy ID: 219122
Location: Walsall, WV13
County: Walsall
Electoral Ward/Division: Willenhall South
Built-Up Area: Willenhall
Traditional County: Staffordshire
Lieutenancy Area (Ceremonial County): West Midlands
Church of England Parish: Willenhall St Giles
Church of England Diocese: Lichfield
WALSALL MB MARKET PLACE (east side)
12/79 Nos 45 and 46
Shops. Mid-C18. Brick in Flemish bond with some painted stone dressings
and slate roof. Three storeys, six bays. Facade has brick pilaster strips
at left, and to right of fifth bay. Sixth bay appears to be a later addition
in a similar style. On the ground floor are shop fronts, with a C19 door
and window in the right-hand bay and a tunnel entrance in the left-hand
bay. The latter has an elliptical arch with chamfered false voussoirs.
The windows to the upper floors have stone sills. Those on the first floor
have stepped lintels with decorated keystones. The first floor windows of
bays 4 and 5 are sashed with glazing bars. The sixth bay has a sashed
window. On the second floor bays 4, 5 and 6 have 6-pane sashes. Plastered
modillion cornice. Chimney at left.
Listing NGR: SO9640298402
This text is from the original listing, and may not necessarily reflect the current setting of the building.
Other nearby listed buildings


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Knock, Knock, Who's There?
Digital version – browse, print or download
Can't see the preview?
Click here!
How to print the digital edition of Books for Keeps: click on this PDF file link - click on the printer icon in the top right of the screen to print.
BfK Newsletter
Receive the latest news & reviews direct to your inbox!
Knock, Knock, Who's There?
Anthony Browne
Anthony Browne has had many successes on his own but here he joins forces with Sally Grindley whose text uses the familiar 'knock, knock, who's there? joke format to create a kind of imaginative game. This, the reader shares with a small girl tucked up safely in bed with her teddy. The Browne gorilla makes a guest appearance along with a number of fantasy figures including a witch, a ghost and a giant before dad makes a welcome entrance. A book with all sorts of possibilities: it could be shared between experienced reader and beginner, with a group, or used as a starting point for further individual flights of fancy.


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An average of two out of five businesses make use of back-office outsourcing.
While it was originally just a cost-saving move, structured outsourcing of either complete or components of Finance & Accounting
gives CFOs and business owners the tools and data they need to grow and innovate their company.
The financial control and reporting which the Zuydam Konsult provides, enables clients to make
calculated and informed business decisions, yielding improved business results.
Outsourcing your Accounting
means you will have more time to focus
on the core elements of your business.
Reliable management
reports improves business decisions
resulting in growth.
Tax admin is more efficient,
accurate, prepared and timeous
submissions helps avoid penalties.
Partnering with an expert in the
taxation and accounting fields, offering
professional advice.
Access to modern systems,
procedures and up-to-date
Accounting firms provide options
and valuable feedback which will
raise business profits.
Fill out the contact form and we will get back to you!


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The White House SurgeryTel: 01638 718177
Reynard SurgeryTel: 01638 552211
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a new law that determines how your personal data is processed and kept safe, and the legal rights that you have in relation to your own data.
The regulation applies from 25 May 2018, and will apply even after the UK leaves the EU.
What GDPR will mean for patients
The GDPR sets out the key principles about processing personal data, for staff or patients.
There are also stronger rights for patients regarding the information that practices hold about them.
Theses include;
For further information ask for out more detailed information sheet or ask to speak to the Practice Manager
Copyright 2006 - 2020 My Surgery Website | Privacy & Usage | Edit | Staff Home | Site Map | Accessibility | Site T&C's | Service T&C's


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Bergeron Winery is only suitable for those 21 years or older. Click Enter only if you are at least 21 years of age.or Exit
$ 29.95
Our 2013 Vintage of the Red Hills 'Monk Red' Cabernet Sauvignon is 100% Cabernet Sauvignon. Sourced from Cobb Mountain's 3000 ft elevation within the Mayacamus Mountain range, where the volcanic soil helped yield a lush, aromatic, full bodied cabernet.
This complex and full bodied wine provides ripe red fruits, bright cherry, dried tobacco, dark chocolate, Mocha coffee and soft tannins to the blend. This wine presents with a nicely balanced firm tannins with a pleasant vanilla finish.
Limited Quantity !
Alcohol: 14.5% A.B.V.
Winemaking Style: Aged 27 Months in premium French , before bottling.
Appellation: Red Hills Lake County, California, U.S.A.


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LED Water Slide Is All Of Your Dreams Come To Life, Plus 6 Other Water Slides We Wish We Had In Our Backyard
I've always been kind of scared of water slides. They go too fast for my liking and you can't see what's coming up around the bend. Don't even get me started on water slides that are in a tunnel. Those things just seem like death traps to me. Regardless, I can totally get behind this "Black Hole" LED water slide, and even though it's something I would never, ever slide down, I would thoroughly encourage you to. It's not that I don't WANT to slide down a water slide. I do, I really, really do. It's just that I'm a total pussy, and I'm going to need you to let me know how your experience goes so I can live vicariously through you.
The last time I went down a slide was several years ago at the New Museum in New York, they had an installation that was a slide between floors. I screamed so loudly on the way down that the security guard waiting at the bottom for me was doubled over with laughter. So that's me on slides. ANYWAY. The point is not about me and slides but about this amazing LED slide that looks like it would be an absolutely incredible sliding experience. SEE:
Watch the entire crazy ride below:
In the spirit of awesome water slides, here are some more amazing ones everyone would love to have in their backyard:
1. Any of these amazing water slides that go through aquariums:
2. This water slide that makes it look like you're sliding into a cobra's mouth
3. This water slide that gives you a light, audio and video show as you go down
4. This looping water slide
5. This beautiful water slide through lush vegetation
6. This natural surrounded white water water slide
It's almost enough to make me want to ride a bunch of water slides all in a row! (I said to nobody, ever.)
Images: YouTube


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Avon, Bloomfield, Canton, East Granby, Farmington, Granby, Hartford, Hartland, Newington, Rocky Hill, Simsbury, Suffield, West Hartford, Wethersfield, Windsor, Windsor Locks
District 7 Answering Service: 860-289-4357
News and Events
District 7 Meetings:
We have meetings from as early as 7 AM to 11:30 PM. Our district includes a very diverse AA member population. We offer meetings for just Men, just Women, Spanish speaking, Gay/Lesbian, Young People's, Beginners, Closed Meetings, Open Meetings, Speaker Meetings, Step Meetings, Big Book Meetings, Candlelight Meetings, Discussion Meetings, Came to Believe Meetings, Living Sober Meetings, Traditions Meetings, As Bill Sees It Meetings, 24 Hour A Day (book) Meetings, and Daily Reflections Meetings. Many of the meeting locations are handicapped accessible. If your meeting is not listed, or listed incorrectly, then please bring this to the attention of the District 7 Schedules Chair.
District 7 has a strong tradition of service to our fellowship. There are often positions open:
Alternate DCM's (One Year Position) 7.1, 7.2, 7.3
Special Service Committee Chairperson:
Alki-Line – 1st Tuesday 7:30 p.m.
Archives – 3rd Wednesday 7:30 p.m.
…..so feel free to come and step up for a position.
Again, Welcome! Thank You for Visiting!
District 7 Upcoming Meetings
|1:30 pm
|Open Hearth Meeting
|Open Hearth
|4:30 pm
|Overcoming Fear GroupMen
|Universalist Church
|West Hartford
|6:00 pm
|The Bell Tolls Group
|St Patrick Church
|6:30 pm
|Sunday Night Step Group
|Recovery Club
|7:00 pm
|Fatal Rebellion Women's GroupWomen
|Alfred E Plant Bldg
|West Hartford
View all District 7 Meetings
Accessibilities Needs YOUR Help
Monthly District Service Meetings
St. Mark's Church
7:30 PM on the third Thursday of each month
467 South Quaker Lane, West Hartford
We post district and registered group events.
Please email information to firstname.lastname@example.com or speak to your district website rep.
Please be sure your flyer or information adheres to our guidelines.


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Watch the
anterior crown or a veneer but
don't want to strip away any of
the porcelain, as you can use
them to work only one side of
the contact.
Due to some previous rough
experiences, I find interproximal reduction during Invisalign
treatment to be pretty stressful.
The ContacEZ IPR Strip System
relieves some of that stress,
making the process as simple
and painless as possible for both
me and the patient. This system
has become my go-to and is
the standard in my Invisalign kit.
Line-drive double in the gap for
IPR Opener can be used next.
At . 12 mm, this strip lightly and
safely opens the contact further.
If more reduction is needed, the
dark blue IPR Widener, at . 15 mm,
is used next. Beyond that, the
green IPR Extra-Widener can allow for up to . 2 mm of additional
reduction. If you need more than
. 2 mm of reduction, a purple IPR
Super-Widener (. 25 mm) and
a brown IPR Mega-Widener (. 3
mm) are also available. There
are even some single-sided
strips, if needed; both a .1-mm
single-sided widener as well as a
.12-mm single-sided widener are
available to order. These would
be good for a situation when
you need some IPR next to an
they offer, in my opinion, is the
IPR Strip System.
The ContacEZ strips are variously sized small, abrasive strips
with plastic handles that make
them safe and easy. The plastic
handle is easy to manipulate,
even with one hand. The strips
flex and contour around the
surfaces of the tooth for an anatomical interproximal reduction
without ledges or gouges.
The process begins with theyellow IPR Starter, which is .06mm thick and can easily beworked into almost any inter-proximal space. After the yellowIPR Starter has been given a fewgentle passes buccolinguallythrough the contact, the redI do a fair amount of Invisalign inmy practice and generally enjoyit. If I were to name something Idislike about Invisalign, it wouldbe doing interproximal reduc-tion (IPR). I try my hardest to getClinChecks where I want themwithout having to strip enamelaway from between the teeth,but sometimes we have nochoice—it must be done. I'vetried a lot of different methodsfor this. I've cut lips and gumswith discs. I've fought with stripsthat curl and break. I've tried finediamond burs that are skinnyand little and that can gouge andledge. Of all of the options I havetried, I have found ContacEZ tobe the easiest and safest IPRsystem on the market.
ContacEZ has interproximal
instruments for a lot of applications. The restorative system
can adjust, clean, and polish
interproximal areas involved with
direct or indirect restorations.
The hygiene strip can remove
stain from interproximal areas
that can't easily be instrumented.
But the most valuable product


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Legal notice
Scope of applicability
This is the official website of Migros Culture Percentage Dance Festival Steps (hereinafter referred to as "we" or "us"). We maintain this portal for your information and as a means of communication. We naturally treat as confidential any personal data that you provide us when using this website. In this data protection statement we would like to describe how we deal with your data and what security is involved. The rules defined herein relate to the entire Internet website www.steps.ch. We expressly reserve the right to assert more specific rules on other websites of the Migros Community. We reserve the right to change the data protection statement at any time. All changes are binding.
Intellectual property rights and other rights
We own and operate this portal. All brand names, names, titles, logos, images, designs, texts and other materials used on this website belong to us, a legal entity of the Migros Community or a contractual partner of the Migros Community. No rights (rights of use, intellectual property rights, etc.) are acquired by calling up, downloading or copying the website. The (complete or partial) reproduction, transfer (electronic or with other means), modification, linking or using the portal for public or commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written consent from the Federation of Migros Cooperatives.
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Any liability on our part (including negligence) that arises from access to the elements of the website or its use (and/or arising from an inability to access or use it) is excluded. Our website contains links to websites of third parties. Please take note that we do not operate or monitor these websites. We therefore reject any responsibility for the content or conformance with statutory data protection regulations by the operators of these linked websites.
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The transfer of data between you and us is performed via the Internet. Please take note that the Internet is an open network accessible to everyone and is therefore not considered to be a secure environment in principle. Although the individual data packages are generally transferred in encoded formats, this does not apply to the sender and the receiver. Furthermore, data may be transferred to a foreign country and therefore possibly to a country with a lower level of data protection than that assured in Switzerland, even if the sender and the receiver are located in Switzerland. We therefore reject any responsibility and liability for the security of your data during transmission via the Internet to us.
Collection and use of information
When our website is accessed, various access data (for example, IP address, date and time of access, name of the file called up, etc.) are stored in a log file (a kind of computer work record that is sent to you by the website). No evaluations are performed that are related to personal information. The data are evaluated anonymously for statistical purposes (for example, to determine how many times the website is accessed per day). The data are treated strictly confidentially and not made accessible outside the Migros Community or to other third parties, unless required under applicable law and specifically by the responsible prosecutorial authorities.
When our website is called up, your computer stores a small data file ("cookie"). This technology is used primarily for the precise collection of visitor figures ("visits"). In no case does this involve observation or storage of the conduct of individual visitors.
Data security
Secure storage of your personal data is guaranteed.


text: Right across from the Fort Lauderdale coastline and the Atlantic Ocean is the magnificent The Ritz Carlton condo overlooking the Fort lauderdale Beach and Atlantic Ocean as well as the Intracoastal Waterway. Atop the hotel are 28 ultra-luxury penthouse condos with a private lobby entrance, elevators and doorman. This Fort Lauderdale incarnation is another fine testament to the illustrious Ritz-Carlton brand where upscale condo living doesn't get much more luxurious and aggressively dynamic. As a condo resident, the best of Fort Lauderdale is available to you at a moment's notice thanks to the area where the Ritz-Carlton is situated. From the Ritz-Carlton you can explore the sun-kissed sands of Fort Lauderdale beach, walk to the many hotspots on Las Olas Blvd. or simply enjoy the modern ambiance that makes Ritz-Carlton ever-more appealing.


text: CPS has been helping businesses of all sizes adapt to the ever-changing computer and web industry. From redesigning your current website or building a completely new one, all the while providing proven and measurable SEO results so your site reaches its intended market. CPS is leading the way in creating custom integrated software programs that utilize mobile app devices streamlining business operations. We also continue to maintain our long-standing residential and commercial customers through our outstanding IT services. Check out some of our work.


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In 1921, the overhead door was invented by C.G. Johnson, and our company, the Overhead Door Corporation, began. The first garage door had to be manually lifted up, and then it would fold parallel to the garage ceiling. In 1926, C.G. Johnson created the electric garage door opener, which didn't gain popularity until after WWII.
We are still the leaders in the garage door industry, and we are the leading provider of garage door systems. We are proud members of the Better Business Bureau and the International Door Association. "We've given our industry its good name" is our motto, and we stand by it. We continually work to give the industry we started a good name by delivering high-quality garage door products and services.
At Overhead Door Company of Charleston, we offer residential and commercial garage and overhead doors. We have maintenance programs to keep your garage doors in quality working order to decrease costs and major problems that can occur down the road without preventative care.
We also offer dock equipment from 3 high-quality manufacturers in the area, garage flood vents, and garage screen doors. We have certified and helpful professionals who will come to your home or business to make sure you have the best experience with your garage doors, and we guarantee only the best service.
For more information on the services offered from us at Overhead Door Company of Charleston, call us today!


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The return of goalkeeper Matt Urwin to full fitness could prove to be a pivotal moment in Chorley's season.
That is the view of manager Jamie Vermiglio who recalled the former Fleetwood Town shot-stopper for last Saturday's National League fixture at Dagenham and Redbridge.
Urwin – who was the Magpies' penalty shootout hero in the play-off final last season – has been on the sidelines after suffering a knee injury, which required surgery, in pre-season.
He has been left helpless as Chorley have struggled to pick up points in the opening couple of months of the campaign.
However, he was back between the sticks for the trip to play-off chasing Dagenham and Redbridge and produced a superb performance to keep a clean sheet.
The Magpies – who borrowed Billy Crellin from Fleetwood Town during Urwin's absence – should have registered their second win of the campaign, but unfortunately Courtney Meppen-Walter failed to convert from the spot with around 20 minutes to go.
Vermiglio believes having Urwin back is a massive boost ahead of a crucial fixture against fellow strugglers Aldershot at Victory Park this weekend.
"Billy Crellin has done really well this season and I'm really grateful to Fleetwood Town for arranging that for us," said Vermiglio. "He has been fantastic.
"But naturally you want your own goalkeeper so to have Matty back in is great for me and probably for the lads.
"He's a winner and he was in the dressing room after the game on Saturday shouting and screaming because he wanted to win.
"He kept us in the game and when a goalkeeper keeps you in the game like he has, they expect the boys to go up the other end and score the goals.
"That is what we want. We want that mentality, that winning mentality.
"So to have Matty in goal is wonderful for everybody."
Vermiglio revealed that he faces a selection headache for the visit of the Shots, who have 14 points – four more than Chorley.


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This handsome lil guy was a real trouper ~ stayed in his stroller for hours, just smiling and waving!!
Sunday, October 30, 2011
Ghouls on the Lawn Pt. 1
This handsome lil guy was a real trouper ~ stayed in his stroller for hours, just smiling and waving!!
Posted by Stephanie ~ Angelic Accents at 10:57 PM
5 comments:
- Debra@CommonGround said...
Great photos, what a wonderful subdivision! the homes are gorgeous.
looks like you all had a ton of fun!
- October 31, 2011 at 12:50 AM
- Paula ~ castleandcottagesigns said...
How fun! Love the guy and gal in whites....makes me want to dress up tonight for the kiddies coming!
- October 31, 2011 at 6:00 AM
- Gina said...
Oh that looks like alot of fun! That pirate is pretty darn cute too. I hope he enjoyed it.
Happy Halloween!
- October 31, 2011 at 7:10 AM
- Eileen said...
How cute! And it looks like a fun time. :)
- October 31, 2011 at 12:57 PM
- Christie said...
What a fun filled day for y'all...I know you all had a big time! The pictures of you and your family are just beautiful :)
Thanks for sharing the tour of your Halloween town...I enjoyed seeing it decked out for this time of the year and I'll be looking forward to seeing Part 2 :)
Thank you so much for stopping over...it's always great to hear from you Stephanie...Happy Halloween!
Big hugs,
- October 31, 2011 at 1:11 PM


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This is a list of events from various MJ Fan Groups. If you know of an Event not listed below, please send/post the information to https://www.facebook.com/GlobalMJEvents/ and I (Deb Morris) will add it to the list below (Please read the Disclaimer). You can also Message me with your Event details - Messenger: https://m.me/GlobalMJEvents. I have made this List available to help anyone currently planning their trip to LA/Vegas in August (this is my other website Tube4MJ, might come in handy later if you cannot get to this page for any reason)
*** Paid Event: Prices are shown in US$, unless otherwise indicated. Unless indicated otherwise, the cost of the event is usually payable at the event, on the day of the event, directly to the Event Organizer. Please DO NOT pay any individual any money in advance, unless you know the Event Organizer personally. On some Events there will be a link provided for Advance Ticket Sales. Whilst we do our best to check out each Event, the maintainer of this list of events is not responsible for any event sales, or money sent to Event Organizers in advance.
TBA - indicates "To Be Advised"
Useful Links:
Michael Jackson 11th Anniversary Week June 2020, LA, USA - Facebook Event page: https://www.facebook.com/events/442339793163720/
Global MJ - Facebook Group Page : https://www.facebook.com/GlobalMJEvents
This June Anniversary List will be accessible by phone/tablet online at GlobalMJ.net: https://globalmj.net/events/michael-week.html
This August Birthday List will be accessible by phone/tablet online at GlobalMJ.com: https://globalmj.net/events/michael-birthday-week-august.html
Facebook Tentative Schedule of Events 2020 Facebook Note: TBA
Michael Jackson Las Vegas Trip August 2019 - Group page: https://www.facebook.com/groups/369377330133282/
Michael Jackson Fans of Southern California (MJFSC) - Group Page: https://www.facebook.com/groups/205023347221/
Michael Jackson June 25th Anniversary - Group page: https://www.facebook.com/groups/105594959475241/
For a list of MJ spots in California and Las Vegas, please see this great list which Lid Lily has put together: https://www.facebook.com/notes/mjj-top-news/mj-spots-in-california-las-vegas/1259844000727571
(Please Bookmark and keep checking back, also where an Event page has been listed, check this as well in case of updates).
If this is not in your language, click on a flag below or select from the dropdown.
Saturday - August 24th:
Fans arrive in Los Angeles/Michaeling..
Here is the link to all the places Michael shopped, dined, lived, recorded, etc.. Locations posted by Lid Lily: https://www.facebook.com/notes/mjj-top-news/mj-spots-in-california-las-vegas/1259844000727571
Stay tuned to: TBA
Sunday - August 25th:
Monday - August 26th:
Tuesday - August 27th:
Travel to Las Vegas - Travel & Arrive @ Las Vegas - MJ ONE Boutique Shopping at Mandalay Bay.
Wednesday - August 28th: LA
Tentative Schedule for
♥🌻The MESSENGER Of LOVE,
KING of HEARTS BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION,2019🌻♥
August 28, 4:PM
Picnic / Potluck at Michael's Tree of Love at Lake Balboa Park;
snacks are provide, super soakers, (can also bring your own)
~Messages of Love and Flowers for Michael
~Super soaker water fight/
Hosted by: Divina Baham
Wednesday - August 28th: Vegas
Slice of Vegas
Address: Slice of Vegas, 3930 Las Vegas Blvd S Ste 120, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119
Time: 19:00 PDT
*** Paid Event: You will be responsible for your items you order off the menu.
Please join us for a casual dinner to celebrate Michael's Birthday. Thank you 💜
Hosted by: Patti Pullen and Wendy Mjfanforever Chow
Thursday - August 29th: LA
Michael's Birthday Cake/ Bags of Love @ Forest Lawn Cemetery
Time: 2:00 PM
Hosted by: Divina Baham
Thursday - August 29th: Vegas
MJ FAN ❤ Meet & Greet Afternoon Tea
RiRa Irish Pub at Mandalay Bay
Come Celebrate Michael's Birthday in Vegas ❤👑❤ Great ...here's the info : MJ Birthday FAN ❤ Meet & Greet Afternoon Tea.
Join fans from around the globe for food, fellowship, prizes and fun.
Time: 11:00 am
*** Paid Event: SOLD OUT
Event Page: https://www.facebook.com/MJJJusticeProject/
Sponsored by: MJJJustice Project – Hosted by Melanie, Carla & Buds
Thursday - August 29th: LA
Michael's Birthday Dinner
Mel's Diner on Sunset Blvd. West Hollywood, CA
Time: 06:00pm
*** Paid Event: Everyone pays for their own meals and drinks
Hosted by: Divina Baham
Thursday - August 29th: LA
Micheal's Star, Hollywood Blvd.
Time: 08:30pm
Hosted by: Divina Baham
Thursday - August 29th: Vegas
7th Annual Michael Jackson ONE celebration for the King of Pop's birthday.
Time: 14:00-23:00 PDT
Link to purchase tickets: https://www.cirquedusoleil.com/michael-jackson-one
*** Paid Event: Deals - https://www.cirquedusoleil.com/michael-jackson-one#offers
The Estate of Michael Jackson and Cirque du Soleil are hosting the 7th Annual Michael Jackson ONE celebration for the King of Pop's birthday. Gather together with all of the other Michael Jackson fans for a celebration in Las Vegas and plan to spend the afternoon at the Michael Jackson ONE Theater enjoying all of the festivities! Attendees of The Michael Jackson One Celebration of the King of Pop's Birthday will:
Event Page: https://www.facebook.com/events/2349979011994204/
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/MJONE/
Map Location: https://www.google.com.au/maps/place/Mandalay+Bay/
Hosted by: Michael Jackson
You may be able to get Discount on MJ One Tickets if you are a member of https://mlife.com/ ring direct 866-761-7111, and let them know you are a member of MLife.
NB: It costs nothing to join MLife.
Friday - August 30th: Vegas
MJLIVE @ Stratosphere Hotel Casino.
Address: The STRAT Las Vegas, 2000 S Las Vegas Blvd, Las Vegas, Nevada 89104
If you are in Las Vegas for Michael's Birthday in August 2019! Please join us for another night of Michaeling @ the Stratosphere. Hope you join us for this fantastic show.
Time: 19:00 PDT
*** Paid Event: Link to buy tickets - https://www.stratospherehotel.com/Entertainment/MJ-LIVE.
Hosted by: Patti Pullen and Wendy Mjfanforever Chow
Fri - August 30th: LA
Motown On Mondays LA presents
A Celebration of The Jackson Family
DJ Expo, Monalisa (Dj Set), DJ Jedi
Originals, remixes, cover versions, edits, flips, & more of your favorite Jackson Family songs/artists, all night long!
plus, outside on the patio, Janet Jackson & more sounds by: CASERTA. 'Off The Wall' Photo-booth + Free Giveaways & more ..
Time: 9:00pm
*** Paid Event: General Admission - Early Bird (limited amount available) $8. General Admission - Advance $10. Tickets available at: https://www.ticketfly.com/purchase/event/1880405
Age: 21+
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/events/500097570740548/
Location: Echoplex, 1822 W. Sunset Blvd, The Echoplex is located below The Echo, enter through the alley at 1154 Glendale Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90026
Hosted by: Motown on Mondays
Saturday - August 31st: LA
Buffet Style Candlelight Dinner & Movie/ BAD Concert
@ my home in Santa Monica, CA
(RSVP by August 24. I will then, give you my address)
*** Paid Event: Request donation of of $5.00 or $10.00. This is for the food and drinks)
Hosted by: Divina Baham
** As events and times are added this list will be updated, so please check back soon. If you have an Event, please Contact Me.
Where ever you decide to stay, it is recommended that you book your accommodation early.
Many Fans also save by sharing accommodation with each other. A list of Accommodation deals for Hollywood, Anaheim and Las Vegas is provided below for your convenience.
MEETING PEOPLE: If you wish other Fans to recognize you at an event, please wear a name tag. It might also help if you included your real name and also your Facebook or Twitter alias if you have one. This will help your Facebook/Twitter friends who have never met you before in person, recognize you ..


text:
When these appeared, my first thought was 'City of Atlantis'. I think it's because of the colour and style.
The wallpaper version is available at the preceding link.
Today's Gratitude Item: Getting leave (with pay) so that I can easily travel down to dance camp later in the year. Sometimes I moan a bit when things don't go well at school. Now I feel slightly guilty for said moaning.


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text:
It was gunna' be a simple experiment. Ya' know, no special equipment, no special safety gear, just grab some pond water, sterilize it and drink it. Well, Mrs. Gray didn't say to drink it, but I was gunna' be all pioneer and such. We were gunna' show y'all that we city-slickers have survival skills, just like the Ingalls family.
I sent Beka to the crick (that's Montanan for creek, in case ya' didn't know) next door with a canning jar and the obligatory warning about falling in, hitting her head and drowning. Ya' know, those things a mother says to make herself feel better. I wonder if Ma said those same things to Laura and Mary when they were sent to fetch the water?
Done deal.
Beka knows the routine by now. Didn't want anyone to drink our "fresh spring water" before it was properly sterilized.
We set it in a winder (Kansan for window) for a few days. We looked up a few things on water, so we could be all scientific and scholarly. One site said an average person uses ten gallons of water per day. Only ten gallons? Either that was a 75 year old statistic from the bathe in the gray washtub days, or our family isn't average. Another site said that a shower uses 5-7 gallons per minute. That sounded more accurate. Do any of you have those kids that will soak in the shower until you bang on the door?
In the Olden Days, when I was a kid, we had well water. When our three minutes of shower time was up, someone (usually Dad) might turn on the hot water in another room to turn the shower to icy blasts, and the shower would be over. Of course, it wasn't about the bill in those days, it was about running out of water. With eight people sharing one bathroom and one tank full of hot water on a school morning, Dad had to regulate. He was making sure everyone got a little hot water.
Beka and I discussed this and I tried to stress the importance of not wasting water, even if we had plenty. I thought the intent look on her face indicated compliance and agreement. Her addition to the conversation indicated otherwise.
"Mom, I think we should invent waterproof books so people can read in the shower when you want to relax in the shower and your mom is nagging you to do school."
Well said.
On Friday when we had time to finished up allotted projects, the procrastinated things Mrs. Gray knew we'd all have piled up,we poured it into a kettle
and began watching for those tiny bubbles that tells you bacteria, germs, and parasites are slowly dying.
I had Beka take all the pictures because I am teaching her how to upload and edit pictures. It also makes the assignments a little more exciting for her to be on the other end of the lens.
I assumed Beka knew what was going on without me actually telling her, so when I told her to boil it for 5 minutes, she poured the water in the kettle and set the timer for 5 minutes. Good girl, following directions. Bad mommy, giving poor directions. We discussed the stages water goes through before it is considered "boiling" and kept watching the kettle. Beka will never be one of those brides who can't boil water. I think I could pat myself on the back right now.
Yes, a watched pot does boil faster with the lid on.
Now THAT'S boiling and THAT'S when you set the timer. We learned to sterilize water at sea level you boil five minutes, the higher the altitude the longer you need to boil the water because the water doesn't get as hot as is does at sea level. Cooking at higher altitudes always takes longer. Hmm. Fargo, ND is only 274 feet above sea level, but I'm pretty sure that's why I burn so much stuff, I never adjusted to the change in altitude when I moved to Seattle eight years ago. That has to be it.
Livestrong has a great article about purifying water for backpacking, discussing filters and water purification tablets. We were getting cold feet about drinking our sterilized water, and I tried to psyche us both up by talking about Hurricane Sandy and the people that needed to boil their water. I think Beka was secretly wishing she could send them our water, so I came up with a compromise. We would boil it for just a few more minutes to make it extra clean and refreshing. Remember my vintage yellow timer?
Well, we didn't. We didn't remember the water, either, and went off to sew. OK, so the lesson about sterilizing water didn't work but the lesson about watching a pot did. The truth of that saying is a pot that isn't watched will either boil over or boil dry. The School of Hard Knocks is sometimes more educational that Learning by the Books. I found myself thinking, "Phew, she probably won't do that more than one or two more times in her life."
Bet she'll stock up on purification tablets, too, if she ever moves into hurricane country.


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When my son started schooling here in Winnipeg, I had the chance to talk to the school speech-language pathologist (sorry I cannot remember her name) and told her about my worries on my son's adjustment since English is not our first language. She then explained to me that I should not worry and she even encouraged us parents to use our first language or native tongue when talking to our children at home. According to her, it is good if my children will still understand and speak our native language.
Well, I will not deny that after a few years of living in Canada, my kids rarely converse in Filipino, however, we still see to it that even if they cannot fluently speak in Filipino at least they still understand it. So like what I said, in celebration of the Buwan ng Wika and to show my patriotic side (insert wink here) and love for my country and our national language, let me share with you some tips on how I encouraged my children to speak in Filipino. I got some of these ideas or practices from some blogs and articles that I read from various websites when I was still trying to home school my children during pre-school.
Some of you may be confused why I put "Filipino" in my title but upon reading, you would see that I also referred to our native language as Tagalog. To be honest, the inter-relationship between Tagalog and Filipino have led to a lot of debate and misunderstanding. For the benefit of my readers who are also confused, let me try to explain this in the best way I can. Tagalog is the basis for the Philippine national language and is the native language of the Tagalog ethnic group who live in the provinces of Central and Southern Luzon, including Manila, the capital of the Philippines. In 1897, Tagalog was declared as the Official Language by the first Constitution of the Philippines. Filipino, on the other hand, was proclaimed by the 1987 Constitution to be the Philippine National Language, though it is still based in Tagalog, it is labelled as Filipino to acknowledge the incorporation of loan words from other languages, including languages of Americans and Spaniards who once colonized the Philippines. "Western" letters such as f, j, c, x and z ere included in the official Filipino alphabet.
Going back…
I know a lot of you have heard that "children's minds are like sponges," and I guess a lot of you have proven this to be true. This is why, I really believe that if we want to teach something to our children, we should start early, the best time to teach children another language is during their early years which is between the ages of 6 months old to 6 years old. Most of the times, both my husband and I speak to our three children in Filipino, if there are instances that they need to ask something or they want something and they tell it to us in English, we'll pretend that we didn't understand and ask them in Filipino what they want and we'll pretend that we didn't understand them until they say it in Filipino.
Another way of encouraging them to learn Tagalog is by letting them watch Filipino movies and shows. Since I started working full time, I am unable to watch TV that much but I didn't cut our subscription to TFC (The Filipino Channel), every time, I have the chance to watch shows that I know will interest my children, I watch with them and explain to them the scenes or dialogues that they did not understand.
Just recently, we have adapted a new practice at home – Tagalog Thursday. A few years ago, I read in an article (I didn't write down the title and the author) in Smart Parenting website about this mom who designated Thursday as a day for their whole family to be extra-conscious about speaking Filipino. Though we encourage our kids to speak our native tongue in the house every time, it is a good idea to designate a certain day that they need to speak more Filipino words, and I noticed that during these days they exert more effort to speak in Filipino (though in exchange they have designated Friday as French Friday where Dad and Mom need to learn at least one French word, oh well, this is another story, I guess).
Of course, there's no other better way of encouraging our children to love our country's native language than to set a good example to them, my husband and I, ALWAYS speak in Filipino whenever our kids are around. Our concern is not just to focus on letting them learn our language, it is also our intention to inculcate to our children to love our home country and everything about it and to be proud to be a Filipino (by heart). This is why we tell them stories about life in the Philippines, how we grew up and what are the things that we love about our country.
Even if my children are raised in a foreign country and in fact one of them is even Canada-born, my husband and I would like to teach the love for our home country to them. And if you'll ask me, this is what each Filipino parents living outside the Philippines must teach their children. After all, there will still be a time that you will go back to the Philippines with your children for a visit or to even stay there for good, for sure, it will be a good sight for you as a parent to see your son or your daughter confidently communicating to our kababayans (fellow Filipinos).
During grade school, I remember how each Buwan ng Wika, we are reminded of our (Philippines) national hero, Jose Rizal's reminder, "Ang hindi magmahal sa sariling wika, daig pa ang hayop at malansang isda." (He who does not love his own language is worse than an animal and smelly fish.)
Encouraging our children to continue to speak Filipino will never confuse our children at all, in fact, communicating to our kids using our native language helps to develop and maintain our child's knowledge of our first language. If they can speak English (or the language of the country that you are in) and still understand and speak Filipino, we are able to provide our children the gift of bilingualism.
The Difference Between the Languages of Tagalog and Filipino by Frederick Alain Docdocil, www.bakitwhy.com. Accessed August 4, 2014.


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Home > Large 22x28 Framed & Unframed Motivational Art Poster Pictures > Teamwork thru United we Stand Posters > Teamwork Skydivers Poster 22x28
Teamwork Skydivers Poster 22x28
Teamwork Skydivers Skydiving Poster
Motivational Teamwork Quote: "Giving a hand makes all the difference".
Teamwork Wall Art Print Size: 22" x 28" When choosing a Discount Poster Frame, you will also need to choose "Plexiglass" or "Lamanart". Lamanart is a process we do to framed motivational teamwork posters, giving it a canvas-type texture, replacing the glass covering. It is UV Ray Protected and Non-Glare, providing you with very aesthetic framed motivational art prints and extreme sports posters and you never have to clean it! View ordering options below.
Stock # 20085


text:
Dagger may refer to:
Weapons Edit
- Dagger (Origins), a weapon available in Dragon Age: Origins.
- Dagger (Dragon Age II), a weapon available in Dragon Age II.
- Daggers (Origins), for the list of daggers available in Origins and Dragon Age: Origins - Awakening.
- Daggers (Dragon Age II), for the list in Dragon Age II.
- Daggers (Inquisition), for the list in Dragon Age: Inquisition.
Others Edit
- Dagger (talent), Tallis' talent in Mark of the Assassin
|This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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We habitually say things that aren't true; sometimes we know it.
Subscribe via iTunes (Please rate and review, too!)
While planning this week's episode, we quickly determined that nobody had much New Business going on and the segment was doomed to be boring. A change was in order! While another mailbag-only episode may have been a perfectly acceptable solution, a revisiting of the 20 Questions format gives the show an extra dimension.
Four emails this week cover: how long Nintendo can wait to announce a Switch port of Smash Bros.; how Nintendo dodged the stink of Pokémon GO Fest; what other Nintendo games could be made into VR experiences; and what portable-only experiences are made possible by Switch. Between each email we play a round of 20 Questions. Coming into the episode we've successfully guessed all previous games. Do we manage to keep the streak going? You can send your 20 questions (or just one) to our inbox.
Some news this week: we're going to take next week off. It's been a while since our last vacation, and giving us a week apart will allow us to come back with a newfound appreciation for one another, full of the piss and vinegar you know and love. So far, our next RetroActive game, Super Mario Sunshine, has been doing a good job fueling us. To that end, we'll be recording our RetroActive on August 24, so get your comments in via the inbox or in the talkbalk thread.
This episode was edited by Guillaume Veillette. The "Men of Leisure" theme song was produced exclusively for Radio Free Nintendo by Perry Burkum. Hear more at Perry's SoundCloud. The Radio Free Nintendo logo was produced by Connor Strickland. See more of his work at his website.
This episode's ending music is Treasure Town from Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Explorers of the Sky. It was requested by NWR's Adam Abou-Nasr. All rights reserved by Nintendo Co. Ltd.


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Because of the increasing use and popularity of our village hall, the Village Hall committee has arranged for a professional cleaner to clean the hall floors once a week for an hour. Lynne Poynter cleans the hall, kitchen and toilet floors. However, the people on the cleaning rota are still needed to keep an eye on the general cleanliness of the kitchen, loos, and other aspects of the hall. Although the organisations that use the hall mostly leave it clean and tidy, there is an overall need to make sure that the hall is in order for those that subsequently use it. This means that, after use, the main hall, meeting room, kitchen and loos should be checked for cleanliness and the waste bins emptied into the dustbin near the oil tank beside the hall and any items for recycling put outside in the appropriate box.
Many thanks to the generous people listed below who have agreed to be on the cleaning rota, especially those who are not on the village hall committee. The key to the hall is available from the villagers' stores. Please contact Amanda Elliott if you have any queries (firstname.lastname@example.com or 07973754719). Please feel free to swap your dates with other volunteers if needs be. With very many thanks for your continued help.
- Rubbish and recycling bins to be put by gate on a Sunday Evening
- Check in hall kitchen for any rubbish or recycling
- Replace bins by the oil tank on a Monday
- Check that bin area is clean and tidy
Duties are for weekends during one calendar month. If you are unable to do it on one of the Sundays – please arrange for cover.If there are any problems please contact Sally 841728
- Saturday, 29th December 2018 – Friday, 11th January, 2019 – Mike and Sara Maskall
- Saturday, 12th January – Friday, 25th January – Sally and Tony Farmer
- Saturday, 26th January – Friday, 8th February – Joe and Lesley Roake
- Saturday, 9th February – Friday, 22nd February – Sue and Paul Aitken
- Saturday, 23rd February – Friday, 8th March – Amanda Elliott
- Saturday, 9th March – Friday, 22nd March – David and Mavis Lowman
- Saturday, 23rd March – Friday, 5th April – Peter and Valerie Clapham
- Saturday, 6th April – Friday, 19th April – Claire Lynch and Rosemary Hoyte
- Saturday, 20th April – Friday, 3rd May – Dee Binnie and Hilary Carrick
- Saturday, 2nd May – Friday, 17th May – Brian and Trish Matthews
- Saturday, 18th May – Friday, 31st May – John and Margaret Lovatt
- Saturday, 1st June – Friday, 14th June – Margaret Smith and Mary Noble
- Saturday, 15th June – Friday, 28th June – Barbara and Mike O'Keefe
- Saturday, 29th June – Friday, 12th July – Mike and Sara Maskall
- Saturday, 13th July – Friday, 26th July – Amanda Elliott
- Saturday, 27th July – Friday, 9th August – Sally and Tony Farmer
- Saturday, 10th August – Friday, 23rd August – Claire Lynch and Rosemary Hoyte
- Saturday, 24th August – Friday, 6th September – Joe and Lesley Roake
- Saturday, 7th September – Friday, 20th September – Sue and Paul Aitken
- Saturday, 21st September – Friday, 4th October – David and Mavis Lowman
- Saturday, 5th October – Friday, 18th October – Margaret Smith and Mary Noble
- Saturday, 19th October – Friday, 1st November – Barbara and Mike O'Keefe
- Saturday, 2nd November – Friday, 15th November – Peter and Valerie Clapham
- Saturday, 16th November – Friday, 29th November – Dee Binnie and Hilary Carrick
- Saturday, 30th November – Friday, 13th December – John and Margaret Lovatt
- Saturday, 14th December – Friday, 27th December – Brian and Trish Matthews
- Saturday, 28th December – Friday, 10th January 2020 – Mike and Sara Maskall
Recycling to be placed at the gate on Sunday evenings


text: I've tried to research as much as possible and still can't find an appropriate answer. Are the 50k allowed United miles (per year) transferred to my Marriott account included in the total "50k Marriott points transferred in and out of your account each year?" Or is that in addition to the 50k miles transferred between Marriott accounts?


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OLEANDER SEASIDE VILLA, Paramonas
One of those incredibly rare, absolute beachfront properties, with a virtually private beach, in a fantastic position on the secluded west coast of Corfu.
MONASTERY HILLSIDE LAND, Agios Matheos
A convenient, easy build plot of land, within the village planning zone, to be sold either as a whole, or divided into separate plots.
BODZO COURTYARD HOUSE, Agios Matheos
An imposing 3 floor house, with a separate extension and courtyard, located in the centre of a popular, picturesque village. The house needs total renovation but when completed would be an impressive traditional property.
ARCHWAY COTTAGE, Agios Matheos
This economically priced little house has been empty for a while so needs some attention (not a lot, just finishings) but overall is in great condition, and ready to occupy. Unlike many village houses it has a nice outside patio, and also a lower terrace which could offer the possibility of a parking space. Entry is into the open plan living room, with a bedroom and second small bedroom/study, and three steps and an attractive brick archway lead to the upper level with fireplace, dining area and kitchen.
PLANE TREE HOUSE, Ano Pavliana
Single storey house at the top of Ano Pavliana with a small garden.


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Preparing for your first DVSA Driving Theory Test in 2019?
Find out how much you need to score, what the current DVSA driving theory test pass mark is, and how many people pass the first time around.
What is the pass mark for the DVSA Driving Theory Test?
The pass mark is 86%, so you'll need to answer 43/50 multiple choice questions correctly to pass.
For the Hazard Perception section of the test, you need to score 44/75.
|Theory Test Pass Mark 2019
|Theory Test Multiple Choice Questions
|43/50 Questions answered correctly
|Theory Test Pass Mark
|Hazard Perception
|44/75 Hazards
|Hazard Perception Pass Mark
You must score a pass in both sections of the Theory Test to pass the overall test.
The Driving Theory Test Success survey
We know that 90% of learners that used Driving Theory Apps, passed their Theory Test, but how do we know this?
To obtain the 9 out of 10 learner driver pass rate, Driving Test Success conducted a survey in 2017 that revealed 90.07% of respondents passed their test using the DVSA Driving Theory Test app. This was calculated from a sample of 345 learner drivers that had used the app within the last 6 months. Of those 345 learner drivers, 272 had taken their test and 245 had passed!
Get it today to ensure you have the best possible chance to pass the first time.
What is the current pass rate for the Theory Test?
The 2017/18 pass rate is 48.7%*,which means just over half of all people who sit their Theory Test fail it.
|Theory Test Pass Rate
*March 2018
And, of those who passed their Theory Test, how many passed the first time?
In 2017*, 27% of all tests resulted in a first-time pass – that's 529,013 first time passes out of 1.95 million tests sat.
That's probably much less than you thought, right?
We all know someone who claims to have passed their test the first time around, with no revision at all or very limited last-minute revision attempts. While they may have fallen lucky (or told a little white lie) we really don't recommend this approach.
The cost of a resit is £23, plus the cost of the original fail; bringing the booking fee up to £46, without taking into consideration the cost to get to the test centre, and your time wasted.
Our top 6 tips to pass your Driving Theory Test the first time:
- Revise as much as possible for the months and weeks leading up to your test, but don't cram hours in at a time – instead, try to split your revision into more manageable chunks. Driving Theory apps contains everything you will ever need to make sure you're as prepared as possible.
- Attempt a minimum of 10 full Theory Test exams; which include both the multiple choice and hazard perception sections of the test.
- Don't book your test until you are consistently and confidently passing each full mock tests with a high score. Completing one mock test isn't enough; we'd recommend you pass at least 5 mock tests consecutively with some time left over!
- Don't book your test until you have seen (and correctly answered!) 100% of the licensed DVSA Theory Test revision questions.
- Understand why you're sitting the test. It's not just a hurdle in the way of you booking your Practical Driving Test; it is vital information which will make you a safer, more informed driver. Everything you learn will be needed once you hit the road, so take your time and see the true value in your revision.
- Find the right revision tool for you. Focus on content and how it will fit into your revision schedule more than simply looking for the cheapest option you can find. Look for a product with all of the latest (and licensed) DVSA 2019 revision questions, a large amount of hazard perception clips, and a progress monitor. This will help you see when you're consecutively passing and which areas need more work.
* Car theory test data by test centre DRT5201.