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Learning more about the Aldriches
Recently, I have been learning more about Asa Aldrich of Cumberland, Rhode Island and nearby Sheldonville (West Wrentham), Massachusetts.
This recent curiosity began over the past year as I have corresponded a bit with a small group of volunteers who are documenting some cemeteries that my Aldrich and Darling ancestors are buried in, particularly the Sheldonville Cemetery. The cemetery is in back of a house that has a historic marker for my 5x great grandfather, Nathan Aldrich, in the Sheldonville village in Wrentham.
When I mentioned Nathan Aldrich's house in an email, one of the volunteers told me something very interesting. She gave me the address of another house very near to Nathan's on West Street that had belonged to Asa Aldrich, Nathan's father. He is my 6x great grandfather. She kindly copied the entries for both houses that she found in a booklet by the Wrentham Historical Commission, A Guide to Historic Wrentham, Massachusetts, 1993. She was sure that the public library had a copy.
This is the story of how that small collaboration led to a lot of new information for me.
Reviewing what I know about Asa Aldrich
I am descended from Asa Aldrich in the following way:
Here is what I knew about Asa Aldrich:
- Asa Aldrich was born 10 May 1744 in Mendon, Massachusetts (1). He was the first child born to Jonathan Aldrich and Patience (Gaskill) Aldrich (2). On his father's side, he descended from George Aldrich and Fernando Thayer (among the original settlers of Mendon, Massachusetts), and on his mother's, from early Salem and Ipswich families. Provided Southwick, Salem's Quaker daughter who was immortalized in the Whittier poem "Cassandra Southwick" was Asa's great-great grandmother.
- He married Lucy Haskell in 1770, daughter of Abner Haskell and Grace (Slack) Haskell. (Lucy had a twin brother, Comfort Haskell, who served in the Revolutionary War in some Rhode Island militias, and his widow was granted a pension in 1849. I had not seen many such pensions originating in Rhode Island, and I realized as I read the 57 pages on Fold3.com that many officers and friends were mentioned there. Note to self – any pension record from the town of an ancestor is worth reading, particularly if the ancestor served but left few records. In this case, there is no evidence that Asa served in the war.)
- Asa and Lucy had two sons recorded in Wrentham, Nathaniel in 1771 and Nathan in 1773 (3). The other children were recorded in Asa'a probate record, 1826, and in various deeds: Abigail (Aldrich) Barnes, David Aldrich, Amey (Aldrich) Hancock, Amos Aldrich, and Samuel Aldrich.
And here is what I am learning by consulting new sources:
- A Suffolk County deed from 1772. It occurred to me that since Norfolk County deeds, online at FamilySearch, begin in 1793, there must be earlier deeds in a parent county. That would be Suffolk. There were some deeds from prior generations there, and a 1772 deed for Asa, who purchased 74 acres from Thomas Jenks of Cumberland, R.I. The southern bound of the land "borders Hathaway's" which, based on my previous mappings for Richard Ballou's property, puts the southern end in Cumberland, R.I. It's bound to the West by "Indian Meadow Road" which I believe may be today's Burnt Swamp Road. I believe this property was the basis for various gifts of land Asa later gave most of his sons.
- 1782 Rhode Island census lists Asa in Cumberland with a household of six, apparently in neighborhood order, amidst relatives that I am familiar with.
- 1788, Asa was serving as an overseer of the poor in Cumberland, Rhode Island. I first learned about this in Unwelcome Americans: Living on the Margin in Early New England by Ruth Wallis Herndon (5). On the library trip, described below, I found several notes from the town records about Asa's activities looking after the poor.
- This one made me laugh. Asa only appears once in the Records of the Colony of Rhode Island.
[October, 1790]. Whereas, it appears to this Assembly, that Asa Aldrich, an inhabitant of the town of Cumberland, in this state, hath been deemed by the select men of Wrentham, in the commonwealth of Massachusetts, an inhabitant of that town, and in consequence thereof hath been greatly vexed and oppressed.
It is therefore voted and resolved, that His Excellency the Governor, be requested to write to his Excellency the Governor of Massachusetts, representing the state of this matter, and desiring that the select men and inhabitants of the said town of Wrentham, may be directed to surcease all proceedings against the said Asa Aldrich, until the line between said commonwealth and this state, in that part, be settled. (Volume 10, page 397).
I got a chuckle after years of confusion about whether Asa and his sons really lived in Cumberland or Wrentham, to find that the states of Rhode Island and Massachusetts were likewise befuddled over 230 years ago. I'm not feeling so stupid now.
In a situation like this, you always ask yourself whether the person stayed in one spot, but the county/state lines changed. I now think Asa may have moved, living first on the Rhode Island end of his property, but later in life, on the Massachusetts side.
- Sheldonville Baptist Church: I had seen in Mrs. Sprague's manuscript about Cumberland (4) in the Rhode Island Historical Society Library that the Aldriches were Baptists. Several of my direct line were married by Justices of the Peace, but I know that in 1873 Asa'a great granddaughter Abby Darling married Julius Mead at the Sheldonville Baptist Church. When I visited Sheldonville, there was the church itself, within view of the houses my ancestors lived in. How involved were they? I need to explore this further.
- 1790 census. After the additional research I've done in maps, graves, and other records, when I look at the 1790 census it immediately jumps out at me that Asa is next to his father in law, Abner Haskell, and his wife's twin brother, Comfort Haskell. Since there are still some Haskells located on the 1838 Cumberland map given to me by John Tew (see his blog post here for how to get the map), that further clarifies the location of Asa's house as being on the western edge of Sumner Brown Road.
- Asa's house in Sheldonville. Thanks to my contacts at Find A Grave, I was alerted to Asa's house in Sheldonville, and drove up to see it, see below.
- Asa and Lucy's graves. I also found, thanks to the entries of those same volunteers of the West Wrentham Cemetery, Asa and Lucy's graves, see below.
- Asa's 1826 probate situation is complicated since it seems to have been processed both in Wrentham, Mass and Cumberland, R.I. , and involved a dispute that I cannot really understand. I am still gathering the complete documents.
A trip to Sheldonville
I visited the West Wrentham Cemetery recently to look for the graves of Asa and Lucy (Haskell) Aldrich. There were pictures on Find A Grave, of rounded gray markers with the small shoulders rather common for the early 1800's. I thought I could find them easily, but as I looked around I realized most of the graves looked exactly like that.
I finally found them, over to one side. Asa and Lucy have matching stones, surrounded by names I'm not familiar with. But in other parts of the cemetery, I spotted many members of Lucy's family. Over the course of this particular search I grew much more familiar with all the siblings and spouses. Looking at early maps, cemeteries, and town notes now, I am starting to recognize most of Sheldonville's early population.
The Fiske Public Library, Wrentham
As I prepared from home to visit the Fiske Public Library to see the Guide to Historic Wrentham I didn't note anything special on the website. The day of my visit, I found the library down a side street, parked and entered, and inquired about the booklet. I was quite surprised when the librarian asked if I was looking for the Genealogy Room. Well, sure I was. That sounded good.
The Genealogy Room was an attractive, quiet space lined with books. There was a microfilm reader and a small collection of useful microfilm. I photographed the boxes of microfilm so I would have the titles.
One very notable feature of the collection was the Wrentham Historical Society MacDougald Collection, a large set of binders covering one wall, containing a huge variety of information about historic Wrentham. I looked through 10 or 20 of the binders; they are well indexed and hold notes, lists, clippings, abstracts, letters, and copies of all sorts of documentation such as cemetery records, maps, family history, and town business.
I photographed so many pages, particularly of the cemetery plot information and the abstracts of town business (sorted by name), that I went through the two camera batteries I had and started on my phone camera.
One interesting item that I found in the "Aldrich" pages was a study of Asa and Lucy's son Amos Aldrich, one of the first boat builders in Sheldonville, an area known for boat building.
Another thing I learned, in my reading of the Guide to Historic Wrentham, was that Asa's son Nathan Aldrich, my 5x-great grandfather, was "a local farmer and builder, who built many houses in Sheldonville". Two that still exist today are 57 Hancock Street, c1840, and 63 Burnt Swamp Road. I had usually seen him described as a farmer, but like many New England farmers he clearly pursued other work as well. At last, a detail about my ancestors that my husband, the woodworker, might appreciate.
Asa's house
The volunteers told me about the book A Guide to Historic Wrentham, Massachusetts. Perusing the book at the library gave me the following information about 995 West Street:
[Simple Georgian – 1816]: This house with gable end to the street and entrance on the side has retained its old corner trim, cornice, cornice returns, doorframe and fine proportions. There is a shed dormer on the rear and the usual center chimney.
The first owner was Asa Aldrich; the second was his son, Nathan. Subsequent owners were boat builders, Charles Follett in 1859 and Charles J. Farmer by the turn of the century.
If Asa was the original owner, I have to wonder if Nathan built this house, in fact it resembles other houses pictured in the Historic Wrentham booklet.
In conclusion
It meant a lot to me to find another house of my ancestors, particularly one almost 200 years old. If, according to the booklet, Nathan Aldrich lived in this house later in life (from the deeds I can see that he sold the house with the plaque to his son William in the 1840's, and William ultimately sold it and moved away) then this one could be the house where Nathan was enumerated in 1850 and 1860, with his grandson Ellis Aldrich Darling, my 3x-great grandfather, and his family, and where my great-great grandfather Addison Parmenter Darling was born in 1856. Addison left Sheldonville in 1872, as a teenager, to learn silver engraving with his new brother-in-law in the city of Providence. Many years later, my great grandmother asked my folks to take a drive with her up to Sheldonville, to see if she could spot the house where her father-in-law had been born, but she couldn't pick it out.
Now, perhaps we've found it.
(1) Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Vital and Town Records, 1620-1988 , database, Ancestry.com (www.ancestry.com, accessed 19 May 2014), entry for Asa Aldrich (Mendon, Births, p. 80).
(2) Aldrich, Ralph Ernest. The Aldrich Family Genealogy : Descendants of George Aldrich of Mendon, Mass. Part E: Jacob. National Aldrich Association, 1998.
(3) Vital Records of Wrentham, Massachusetts, to the Year 1850. Boston: 1910. Volume 1, Births. Entry for Nathan and Nathaniel Aldrich, page 11.
(4) Sprague, Mrs. Abigail. Unpublished notes, History of Cumberland. c 1890-1906. Rhode Island Historical Society MSS 1023. Box 1, folder 43: Hathaway Mills neighborhood. Box 2, folder 32: Aldrich family. Box 2, folder 40: Ballou.
(5) Herndon, Ruth Wallis. Unwelcome Americans (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001).
The post you are reading is located at: https://onerhodeislandfamily.com/2016/05/14/sources-for-asa-aldrich/
Color photos by Diane Boumenot, 2014.


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subset: commoncrawl


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- Page 1 TVonics MDR-250 Freeview Receiver Review
- Page 2 TVonics MDR-250 Review
- Page 3 TVonics MDR-250 Review
Key Specifications
- Review Price: £49.99
TVonics continues its crusade to get the nation switched over to digital TV with a new Freeview box that fits the bill no matter how old your TV is. The MDR-250 was originally developed to meet the requirements for the UK government help scheme for the elderly and disabled, which imposes stringent requirements on performance, ease-of-use, energy efficiency and connectivity, and it's currently the only Freeview receiver to have earned full marks in Digital UK's 'scoreboard' certification scheme. All of this suggests that the MDR-250 could be the ideal entrée into free digital TV.
At just 196mm wide, the unit itself is tiny by normal Freeview receiver standards, which is good news if you want to hide it behind the TV, and there's an infrared extender in the box that allows you to do so. You might be tempted to keep it on show though as it's an interesting looking little box, with a gloss black top section, a silver circle containing the TVonics logo and very little on the fascia besides a small power LED indicator.
The connections panel on the rear is par for the course, sporting two SCART outputs (for simultaneous connection to a TV and video recorder) and aerial input/output. But unlike the vast majority of receivers the MDR-250 features an RF modulator which sends digital TV pictures from the aerial output and to your TV's aerial input over a coaxial cable – great news for owners of museum relic TVs with no SCART sockets. Simply rig up the cables, retune an empty analogue channel on your TV to 38 (or a channel of your choice) and away you go. Elsewhere on the rear panel, you'll find a 3.5mm jack, which outputs analogue stereo or optical digital audio to your AV receiver, and an input for the IR extender.
On the downside, the MDR-250 only offers RGB output from one of its SCART sockets, with the other supplying just composite pictures. If this second SCART (labelled 'VCR') is hooked up to a DVD or DVD/HDD recorder with RGB input, you won't be able to record Freeview in the best possible quality unless you swap over the SCART cables, which is a bit of a nuisance. It's a common bugbear but one we still find inexplicable.
Unlike other sites, we thoroughly test every product we review. We use industry standard tests in order to compare features properly. We'll always tell you what we find. We never, ever accept money to review a product. Tell us what you think - send your emails to the Editor.


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Jermichael Finley transferred from ICU, has regained all movement
Green Bay Packers tight end Jermichael Finley is out of the intensive care unit after being hospitalized following the scary neck injury he suffered in Sunday's Week 7 home win over Cleveland, and has regained all movement.
The Packers won't know for a while how much time Finley will miss. The injury occured when Finley took a helmet-to-helmet hit from Browns safety Tashaun Gipson while going to the ground making a catch. He was immobile until he was carried off Lambeau Field on a stretcher. Finley's tests in the hospital were negative, but the severity in terms of playing status has yet to be determined.
On Monday night, Finley updated fans on his progress via Twitter.
I want to thank my family, friends, teammates, fans and Packer Nation for the prayers and support over the past 24 hrs. I'm happy to report- Jermichael Finley (@JermichaelF88) October 22, 2013
that I have been transferred out of the intensive care unit and that I have full feeling in my arms and legs. As importantly,- Jermichael Finley (@JermichaelF88) October 22, 2013
I was able 2 walk to & from the shower today, which was badly needed after yesterday's victory! Thank u again 4 the support, and Go Packers!- Jermichael Finley (@JermichaelF88) October 22, 2013
Before leaving the game, Finley had five catches for 72 yards, including a 10-yard TD that opening the scoring early in the first quarter. The Packers already were without wide receivers Randall Cobb (leg) and James Jones (knee), so not having their top receiving tight end is another unfortunate blow. At least they can now breathe a little easier with Finley's improving condition.


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I can view everything on my phone.
With nine restaurants and opening one more, Jeff Marsh is always busy. Video surveillance with remote monitoring gives him the freedom to check on all of his restaurants even on the move.
To buy a complete solution, you can turn to your local reseller/installer. They are trained on AXIS Companion, and will bring the knowledge and support you need.


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Q&A with American AgCredit's regional vice president: 'Risk management' key, particularly for young producers
Fletcher Monroe's rundown of today's and tomorrow's agriculture industry is dominated by two words: risk management.
The same trends that have made farming and ranching profitable in recent years have also created extreme volatility in commodity prices, and therefore, extreme highs and lows in profits and losses for producers and others in agriculture.
The vice president of American AgCredit's Mountain Plains Region said planning ahead for all best- and worst-case scenarios, and doing so in greater detail, will be critical for ag lenders, farmers and ranchers — particularly youngsters entering the industry — because intense volatility is here to stay.
The ag-lending institution for which Monroe works made its own risk-management move in recent times.
In January 2012, American AgCredit, then with offices in California, Nevada, Kansas and Oklahoma, merged with Mountain Plains Farm Credit in Colorado.
With the merger, American AgCredit grew its combined customer base to about 7,000 members, added a variety of commodities to its portfolios and became the sixth-largest farm-credit cooperative in the U.S. American AgCredit now has four office in Colorado, located in Montrose, Grand Junction, Durango and Greeley.
With global food demand increasing, agriculture is an expanding industry, Monroe said — especially seeing significant growth in the number of small farms, due to today's "local food movement" — and not experiencing any retraction in other sectors of ag.
Despite that growth, Monroe added, American AgCredit is taking day-to-day risk-management steps — examining fluctuations in land values, commodity prices and input costs, and adjusting its credit standards to "responsibly" provide producers with enough capital in good times and bad.
Monroe also explained American AgCredit is doing what it can to help young producers, because new faces in ag are desperately needed.
The average age of U.S. farmers today is nearing 60, according to the U.S. Census of Agriculture, many don't have descendants taking over operations, and some studies show America is losing about an acre of farmland per minute.
While new farmers are needed, they're struggling to get in the industry.
Of farmers surveyed by the National Young Farmers Coalition, 78 percent ranked "lack of capital" as their top challenge.
Monroe sat down last week to discuss the challenges in agriculture and ag lending. Below are portions of that conversation:
Q: What are the main challenges for ag lenders today?
A: The challenges in agriculture and ag lending today are just the overall costs to operate. Today, it's taking a lot more capital to operate farms, ranches, cow-calf operations, dairies. It's just capital-intense. Cost of production started going up probably three years ago, maybe a little longer. Some of that had to do with the increase in commodity prices.
There's also a lot of input costs that are based on petroleum — fertilizer, tires on tractors, etc., which just started going up.
Then as you got high commodity prices, the cost of return that you needed on livestock, for example, went up.
The other risk we're dealing with here in Colorado, that's affecting all of us, is the drought.
Feedstuffs, if you're in the protein industry; it's going to be extremely expensive to provide and purchase feed for your livestock, whether you're in the dairy, cow-calf, hog, poultry, whatever it may be.
Used to be, for example, in the cattle-feeding industry, you made $50 per head in feeding, or you might lose $50-$100.
Today, you can still make $50-plus per head, but you're able to lose $300-$400 per head.
The volatility has just gotten a lot greater.
It's come to a point where, in my mind, risk management becomes the biggest issue that we have to focus on.
Q: Is there anything helping offset those challenges?
A: The offset of that is, if you need to borrow capital, today the cost of money is at the bottom or low end of the trough.
Also, anyone in the cropping industry has had several good years with record-high commodity prices.
Yes, the input costs have gone up, but they've been able to capture a lot of those commodity prices.
But again, the risk that's out there, and the cloud that's looming … is that your input costs are up so high.
What's your water going to be like to produce the crop?
There's a lot of farmers out there today that are trying to decide how much input do I put into a crop — my whole acreage, do I plant part of my acreage based on the water that's going to be available?
Q: There's a lot of talk about difficulties for young farmers entering the industry. What are those challenges?
A: The biggest challenges for young people, or beginning farmers and ranchers is, again, the capital.
For beginning farmers and ranchers, the best way for them to get in is through a family member expanding an operation or bringing them onto the existing operation.
Somebody new may have the passion to get into it, but the capital requirements are such that they've got to start small.
But when you start talking small, it becomes a viability issue.
How long does it take them to get the operation to be profitable?
So a lot of the beginning farmers and ranchers really have to have some kind of off-farm income stream to support them to get up and going.
Business plans — when you get into it and want to borrow capital to start operations — need to be well thought-out; they need to show not only the upside of what can happen, but also how you're managing the risk.
What happens if there is a drought, a hail storm — something that can offset that?
Again, risk management — whether it be crop insurance, or some sort of rental agreement that allows you to pay off of what you earn or what you produce.
It's all about risk management, especially for the young and beginning farmers, because they don't have fall-back equity to withstand any kind of adversity.
Q: What are lenders doing to help young producers?
A: We offer, what I would call, underwriting standards that are set up for young, beginning farmers.
We have what we call our YBSX program.
We've had reduced underwriting standards to allow them to get into the program.
We also utilize government programs that are out there — Farm Service Agency guarantees.
The FSA has down-payment programs, interest-rate buy-down programs, and we try to work with all of the government agencies out there, making sure we have a good package for them.
Q: What do you see in the future for ag lending?
A: I just think risk management is going play more and more of an important role — not only for us as an organization but also for those producers that we finance.
Again, the more capital it takes, either to grow a crop, or raise a calf, or milk cows, whatever it may be, you have to outmanage the risk.
I would tell you many, many, many years ago … agriculture was just a great producer of commodities.
That's as important today, but managing the input costs and the risk shares an equal footprint with the production side.
Now guys are looking at how can they control their input costs — pre-purchase fertilizer, fuel.
You see a lot sophisticated producers lock up fuel, even trade, prepay fertilizer, etc.
Some of them are now looking out two, three years on commodity prices.
Looking at crop insurance — how can they offset risk of drought, hail storm, catastrophe loss?
They're consulting with specialists.
It's becoming more of a business because of the dollars involved. ❖


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Home > News & Events > Wayland Press Release Archives > 2004 News Releases > September 2004 > Wayland dedicates music lab
Wayland dedicates music lab
PLAINVIEW - Dr. Ann Stutes will proudly admit that she is scared of technology. Six years ago, when she was hired to teach in Wayland Baptist University's Department of Music, one of her job duties was to initiate a music technology program.
"I was so excited about teaching at Wayland that I said, 'Yes.' Then I cried all the way home," Stutes said.
Now the Chairperson of the Division of Fine Arts, Dr. Stutes was addressing a group of about 40 who gathered to dedicate the Jones-Franklin Music Technology Lab in the south wing of the Harral Arts Complex.
The state-of-the-art lab was made possible by anonymous donations along with the Helen Jones Foundation and the James and Yvonne Franklin family. The lab was furnished by SoundTree, the education division of Korg USA, Inc.
"They are the best at what they do," Stutes said. "From the very beginning, we as music faculty had sense enough to realize we needed to follow their lead."
The music lab, complete with 15 keyboard stations and an instructor's station, was installed this summer. It contains state-of-the-art keyboards and computer systems that run through the instructor's station. The keyboards allow the instructor to teach and observe all of the classroom's keyboard workstations either as a group or individually through a digital connection. The keyboard is a full 88-key digital piano that, according to Wayland's piano artist in residence Mark Pair, ".plays like a Steinway."
With the numerous capabilities of the new lab, Stutes said it will take a while for the faculty and students to learn how to best utilize the equipment.
"Even now we don't understand its full potential," she said. "It takes time to learn how to use it and we have to be brave enough to experiment. We have student assistants who know quite a bit more than we do. They are helping us and it is collaborative and that is what is so exciting."
Josh Harris, one of the student assistants who helped install the lab during the summer, has been impressed with what can be accomplished in the new lab.
"I just finished notating a piece for Dr. (Scott) Herrington for the choir to sing," Harris said. "I still haven't figured out near all that it can do."
Harris, a junior music major, is looking forward to completing his education with the help of the music lab.
"Technology is such a big part of music," he said. "If you don't have the technology, you don't get that part of the education."


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Beloved developer, Yllier, is having a sale on some of his tweaks until Saturday, November 26, at midnight.
Yllier has awestruck us before with his ability to make tweaks that not only look good, but offer high aspects of functionality that we want to use on our iDevices. Yllier is responsible for�FullScreen for Safari,�AdBlocker,�ScreenDimmer,�Firewall iP, and�Brightness Switcher�which we have reviewed and given away here on Modmyi before. Some of these tweaks are going on sale for the next two days, and I recommend that anyone looking to do more with their iDevice takes a good look at Yllier's tweak lineup!
The tweaks that will be going on sale (with their sale prices) are below:
- AdBlocker: $1.49
- Firewall iP: $2.99
- FullScreen for Safari: $1.49
- FullScreen for iPad: $1.49�(not iOS 5-ready yet; Yllier's iPad 2 is unjailbreakable on iOS 5 at this time)
- ScreenDimmer: $1.49
The prices are slashed a little from the original prices which you can see below:
- AdBlocker: $2.19
- Firewall iP: $4.49
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- FullScreen for iPad: $2.19
- ScreenDimmer: $2.19
For those who are unaware of what the tweaks do, AdBlocker blocks most Web Page-based ads from your view. Firewall iP is a mobile outgoing firewall for iOS. FullScreen for Safari will let you enable full screen browsing on your iPhone or iPod touch by double tapping the Web Page and it also gives you browsing gestures like on Mac OS X Lion's Safari. FullScreen for iPad does that same thing as FullScreen for Safari except that it's for the iPad and not for iPhone or iPod touch. Last but not least, ScreenDimmer allows you to have more control over when your screen dims itself and offers a myriad of customization settings to make it more convenient for you. For even more in-depth information about these tweaks, check out the links in the first paragraph.
Will you be taking advantage of Yllier's limited time sale? Share in the comments below!
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Industry comebacks
Retailing and manufacturing are back on the fast-growth list
- April 27, 2012
- |
Retailing and manufacturing have returned to the Fantastic 50.
Last year, technology and service companies occupied every spot on the annual list of the state's fastest-growing companies. Those industry sectors have dominated the list for many of the 17 years that it has been produced, but it usually had a handful of manufacturers and retailers.
This year one manufacturing company, Heatex America, and one retailer, SteelMaster Buildings, made the list and received the Fantastic 50 Vanguard Awards reserved for those industries.
The 2012 Fantastic 50 list is based on a company's four-year growth rate, from 2007 through 2010. Last year's list covered the years 2006-09, a period ending in the depths of the Great Recession, which was especially hard on manufacturers and retailers.
To be eligible for the Fantastic 50 this year, a company must have had revenue of at least $200,000 in 2007, the base year. It also must have made a profit in 2010 and have revenue of less than $100 million its most recent fiscal year.
The five companies receiving Vanguard Awards this year are:
Highest revenue growth: Virginia Beach-based Valkyrie Enterprises LLC, a provider of engineering and technical services. Its four-year growth rate was 4,731.73 percent.
Service: McLean-based Integrity Management Consulting helps federal agencies with acquisition and program management support services. The firm ranked second overall to Valkyrie in revenue growth, expanding by 4,459.98 percent from 2007 to 2010.
Technology: Chantilly-based Agilex Technologies Inc., an information technology and systems consulting company.
Manufacturing: Natural Bridge Station-based Heatex America, which manufactures and sells heat exchangers.
Retail/Wholesale: Virginia Beach-based SteelMaster Buildings, which has sold more than 40,000 steel and metal prefabricated buildings worldwide in the past 30 years.
While a four-year growth rate of more nearly 4,733 percent is high, it actually is lower than the pace set by the past two companies topping the Fantastic 50. NetWitness, a Reston-based network security company, had an amazing growth rate of 7,752 percent in 2011. ITA International, a Yorktown-based company providing training, consulting, program management and staff support functions, led the 2010 list with a rate of 5,779 percent.
The median growth rate also dipped from 354.12 percent last year to 327.32 percent this year.
Many of the companies on this year's list are familiar faces. Thirty of the 50 companies were on the list last year. Twenty-nine members of the 2012 list are service companies, while 19 are technology firms.
Northern Virginia continues to be the home of the vast majority of Fantastic 50 companies, with 35 on this year's list. Twelve are from Hampton Roads. The other three are from Richmond, Winchester and Rockbridge County (Natural Bridge Station).
The Fantastic 50 is coordinated by the Virginia Chamber of Commerce. The accounting firm Dixon Hughes Goodman reviews the financial records of entries to determine the winners.
All 50 companies were recognized at a banquet held April 26 at the Westfields Marriott Washington Dulles in Chantilly.
Click here to view the complete 2012 Fantastic 50 list.
Column: Thoughts from a Fantastic 50 winner by Beth Miller-Herholtz and Tom DeWitt


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Students at Hope, Calvin and Aquinas colleges ramped up their intake of cereal in the month of December so there would be enough Corn Flakes to restock West Michigan Food Banks for 2012.
It was part of Creative Dining Services and Kellogg's "Share the Bowl" program, through which Kellogg's company pledged to match every bowl consumed by students during the month.
"Our students really got behind this project," said Chuck Melchiori, Vice President of Business Development, Creative Dining Services. Our goal was for each of the colleges to consume 6,400 bowls, and we exceeded that goal.
The three local colleges snap, crackled and popped its way to 228 cases of cereal, which were delivered in part to Kids' Food Basket in Grand Rapids. Kids' Food Basket fights childhood hunger in greater Grand Rapids. The nonprofit began over nine years ago by serving 125 kids each school day through their Sack Supper program and now serves over 4,700 kids every school day, plus thousands more at local sites through the summer. "
Melchiori was equally pleased to have a role in helping to stock the agency's food pantry." It's good for our students to support the community through this type of program."


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STS 50th Anniversary Task Force
STS will be celebrating its 50th year as an ACRL section in 2011. We will celebrate this milestone at the ALA Annual Meeting in New Orleans, June 23-29. Members of the task force are listed below. We will use this space to collect our ideas for the celebration, and welcome input from STS members who are familiar with the venue or just have a good idea to share!
Task force members:
Nan Butkovich, chair
Kara Whatley
William Simpson
Katherine O'Clair
Paul St-Pierre
Maribeth Slebodnik
NOTES from 6/30/2008 initial task force meeting
ALA Annual, Anaheim, CA
STS 50th Anniversary Task Force
Maribeth will set up wiki area for us. [STS Council was asked to contribute ideas to the wiki. Jenna Ryan (email@example.com) offered to help us.]
Out of the box funding ideas: Oil Biotech? Pharma? Food technology? (e.g. Tabasco) Alcohol producer? Local publishing companies and/or vendors?
We should check to see what companies are headquartered in the NO area and consider contacting their librarians for more information.
Field-Trip ideas: Hot sauce tour Wetlands field trip Corp of Engineers? We should keep a list of our discarded ideas as "science tourism" to send to members via STS-L.
Celebration: We should consider having a party rather than a dinner on Sunday night. We may want to consider partnering with the zoo or the aquarium to host this event.
Speaker ideas: "science of gambling" "science of zombies"
Questions for STS Council:
1. When will ALA choose its conference theme? [Too late for us to use it.] 2. How was the 40th celebration handled? 3. Can we ask ACRL to co-ordinate "ask" for fundraising after National 2009? [Contact Julia Gelfand. She is on the ACRL Budget Committee and has helpful information. I believe she also helped plan the 40th celebration.]
Meeting of the STS 50th Anniversary Task Force, Denver, CO
Midwinter Meeting January, 2009
Possible field trip ideas: Survey members to find out levels of interest
* River dynamics hydrology * NASA Assembly Plant * NOAA Weather Station * Levees Corps of Engineers (follow-up from last conference in N.O.) * Behind the scene at the Zoo or Aquarium
Social activities
* Hospitality Suite with cash bar… suite sponsored by vendor… perhaps different one each evening * Evening reception … cash bar with hot/cold appetizers * Possibly hold at Zoo or Aquarium and combine with "behind the scenes" tour * Some other museum? Used the Children's Science Museum several years ago * Banquet room at a nice restaurant * Honor landmarks * 50-year members (if any, check with ALA membership office) * Past Oberly Award winners
Other activities
* Conduct a fund raiser to establish an STS 50th anniversary scholarship endowment * Library school students to attend 1st ALA * Science students to attend library school to focus on science librarianship * Volunteer effort in rebuilding * Conduct a fund raiser to donate to rebuilding * Balloons! (suggestion from STS member) * "Souvenir" of some sort (suggestion from STS member)
Money issues
* Funding for activities going to be a challenge * Lousy economy * ACRL year * Working on some contacts with Big Oil * Possibly charge attendees a fee for some activities such as reception, tour, etc. (Problem of keeping track of $$$ possibly more trouble than its worth)


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Birger Lund Gottwaldt (1880-1968)
Birger Lund Gottwaldt was born in Kristiania. His parents were bailiff Alfred Hagbarth Nærup and Petra Alvilde Lund, and the surname was changed to Gottwaldt in 1901. Gottwaldt grew up in Kristiania (Oslo) and went to sea at 15 years of age. In autumn 1898 he started at the Naval School. He became 2nd lieutenant in 1901 and 1st lieutenant in 1904.
He had several study terms abroad. In 1904–06 he was in Berlin, at the Technische Hochschule, Charlottenburg. Here he studied electronics, telegraphy-telephony, signalling and radio technique. In 1906 he followed studies in shipbuilding and artillery at Armstrong Whitworth & Co., Newcastle. Later there were study trips to Germany and the Netherlands. He married Ruth Bruu in 1906. In 1912 he was promoted to captain. In 1914 he was second-in-command of the torpedo division ship Valkyrien.
From 1907 Gottwaldt was attached to the navy's mine service's radio division, first as assistant and later as division leader, a position he had until 1918. He had then been delegate to the international radio-telegraphy conference in London in 1912. In 1920–24 he was à la suite (connected to, but without official position) in the navy.
Gottwaldt helped to start the company Norsk Marconikompani in Oslo in 1918 and he was technical director there in 1919–25. The company was an advocate for introducing wireless telephony to Norway, particularly with regard to the merchant fleet, and Gottwaldt was a co-arranger of the first public demonstration of the new medium in Norway (a transmission between Kristiania and Horten) 12 February 1920. He also published a handbook for radio amateurs and recognised early the possibilities that lay in the new technology. On 25 January 1923 he participated in the Norsk Radioklub's and Telegrafverket's first demonstration of real broadcasting in Norway.
In 1926 he participated as radio operator on the Amundsen-Ellsworth-Nobile Transpolar Flight with the airship Norge. After this he had an active period as officer, amongst other positions as second-in-command on the armed ships Norge and Tordenskiold in 1927.
Gottwaldt was captain on the commando ship Heimdal 1929–30. Thereafter he was head of the Oscarsborg torpedo and mine defence 1932–36, captain on the patrol ship Fridtjof Nansen 1937, the mine layer Olav Tryggvason 1937–38, and on the armoured ship Norge during recruit training. As captain on the Fridtjof Nansen he served in the inspection division in north Norway and the fishery inspection by Iceland. Gottwaldt was promoted to naval captain in 1935 and commander 1938. 1938–40 he was head of the exercise division, which consisted of the mine layer Olav Tryggvason and the destroyer Sleipner. He became head of the commanding admiral's adjutant branch in 1939. That same year he became head of the navy's fleet exercises.
After the German attack on Norway 9 April 1940 Gottwaldt was in command of the Romsdalsfjord naval defence force. He served there under difficult conditions from 13 April. From 10 May 1940 he served in Tromsø and in the Defence High Command. He left the navy on 30 August 1945.
Gottwaldt was one of Norway's best-known and all-round naval officers. Both within radio telephony and polar flying he is reckoned to be one of the pioneers. Naval officers had great respect for him, both as a professional naval man and radio expert and one who knew about polar conditions. He had a strong sense of humour and had many good stories he could tell with a twinkle in the eye. He was also a clever artist and could draw excellent cartoons, which could have been a good job in the humour magazines today.
For his radio-technical work both in and outside the navy he was awarded the King's service medal in gold in 1926 and the same year he became a knight of St Olav's Order for his contribution to the Norge flight. In addition he had the Participant medal and several foreign awards.
Taken from:
Odd Engdal: B L Gottwaldt. (2011-11-03) I Store norske leksikon. Hentet fra http://snl.no/.nbl_biografi/B_L_Gottwaldt/utdypning


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Current Government plans to re-design the health service system around the needs of the individual patient require a health service ready and willing to adapt to change.
The Institute is seeking to help the NHS at every level feel more confident, ambitious and radical in its approach to change so that both the experience and outcome for patients is significantly improved. To help achieve this, the NHS Institute hopes to:
- inspire the NHS workforce, encouraging staff to adopt the knowledge and skills required to improve services and care.
- encourage and develop talented people to lead their teams through these series of changes.
- provide a range of learning opportunities, practical advice and tools to help organisations and staff achieve individual and collective goals.
The end result will be a health service that truly meets the needs of patients, improves quality of care and provides value for the public.
Why is it important?
Building capacity and capability for innovation and improvement within the NHS will bring huge benefits for patients, carers and staff, as well as increased quality and value.
What can it do for me?
Re-designing the health service system to place the needs of the patient first, patients can expect a high quality care experience from highly qualified and motivated care professionals.
Transforming the NHS
New models for transforming the NHS
Building improvement capability
Building leadership capability
Patient and public involvement
Latest Learning Events
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Latest Building Capability Events
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text:
#pragma once
// The following macros define the minimum required platform. The minimum required platform
// is the earliest version of Windows, Internet Explorer etc. that has the necessary features to run
// your application. The macros work by enabling all features available on platform versions up to and
// including the version specified.
// Modify the following defines if you have to target a platform prior to the ones specified below.
// Refer to MSDN for the latest info on corresponding values for different platforms.
#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT // Specifies that the minimum required platform is Windows Vista.
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0600 // Change this to the appropriate value to target other versions of Windows.
By viewing downloads associated with this article you agree to the Terms of Service and the article's licence.
If a file you wish to view isn't highlighted, and is a text file (not binary), please
let us know and we'll add colourisation support for it.
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Apache License, Version 2.0


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Washington D.C., Dec. 16, 2010 — The Securities and Exchange Commission today charged a self-described power company in Idaho with fraudulently raising funds for a $10 billion nuclear power project. The SEC is seeking an emergency court order to freeze the assets of the company and two executives.
The SEC alleges that Alternate Energy Holdings Inc. (AEHI) has raised millions of dollars from investors in Idaho and throughout the U.S. and Asia while fraudulently manipulating its stock price through misleading public statements that conceal the secret profits reaped by its CEO Donald L. Gillispie and Senior Vice President Jennifer Ransom. Gillispie has touted the company as a tremendous investment opportunity that could rival Exxon Mobil in profitability, despite the fact that AEHI has essentially no revenue and minimal operations.
The SEC suspended trading in AEHI stock earlier this week.
"In light of AEHI's ongoing efforts to raise funding while promoting itself through a daily deluge of press releases, we needed to take immediate action to get to the bottom of the company's misleading statements," said Marc Fagel, Director of the SEC's San Francisco Regional Office. "Documents we have obtained to date indicate a scheme to personally enrich the CEO at the expense of investors."
According to the SEC's complaint filed today in federal district court in Boise, AEHI's fundraising was facilitated by a scheme to drive up the company's stock price, both through frequent press releases (at least 87 in 2010 alone) and efforts of paid stock promoters to manipulate the stock price. The SEC alleges that the company has made multiple misrepresentations, including claims that its executives had such confidence in AEHI that they had not sold a single share of company stock. Records obtained by the SEC show that Gillispie and Ransom have instead secretly unloaded extensive stock holdings and funneled the money back to Gillispie.
The SEC's complaint also alleges that AEHI reported to the SEC and investors that Gillispie's compensation was $133,000. However, Gillispie has actually reaped approximately six times that amount in 2010.
The SEC's complaint charges AEHI, Gillispie, and Ransom with violations of the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws, and names as relief defendants two companies controlled by Gillispie and Ransom (Energy Executive Consulting LLC and Bosco Financial LLC). In a motion filed simultaneously with the enforcement action, the SEC seeks emergency relief for investors including an asset freeze and a temporary restraining order enjoining the defendants from further violations of the securities laws.
The SEC's case was investigated by KC Waldron, David Berman, Heather Marlow, and Tracy Davis of the San Francisco Regional Office. The SEC acknowledges the assistance of the Idaho Department of Finance and FINRA in this matter. The SEC's investigation is continuing.
# # #
For more information about this enforcement action, contact:
Marc J. Fagel
Regional Director, SEC's San Francisco Regional Office
(415) 705-2449
Michael S. Dicke
Associate Regional Director, SEC's San Francisco Regional Office
(415) 705-2458


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Letter to Representative Camp thanking him for reintroducing the Teacher Tax Relief Act (H.R. 549)
January 18, 2007
Dear Representative Camp:
On behalf of the National Education Association's (NEA) 3.2 million members, we would like to thank you for your leadership in introducing the Teacher Tax Relief Act (H.R 549). We strongly support this legislation, which would increase, expand, and make permanent the tax deduction for educators' out-of-pocket classroom supply expenses.
As you know, the educator tax deduction helps recognize the financial sacrifices made by teachers and paraprofessionals, who often reach into their own pockets to purchase classroom supplies such as books, pencils, paper, and art supplies. Studies show that teachers are spending more of their own funds each year to supply their classrooms, including purchasing essential items such as pencils, glue, scissors, and facial tissues. For example, NEA's 2003 report Status of the American Public School Teacher, 2000-2001 found that teachers spent an average of $443 a year on classroom supplies. More recently, the National School Supply and Equipment Association found that in 2005-2006, educators spent out of their own pockets an average of $826 for supplies and an additional $926 for instructional materials, for a total of $1,752.
By increasing the current deduction and making it permanent, your legislation will make a real difference for many educators, who often must sacrifice other personal needs in order to pay for classroom supplies.
NEA also strongly supports your proposal to extend the tax deduction to cover out-of-pocket professional development expenses. Teacher quality is the single most critical factor in maximizing student achievement. Ongoing professional development is essential to ensure that educators stay up-to-date on the skills and knowledge necessary to prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century. H.R. 549 will make a critical difference in helping educators access quality training.
We thank you for your leadership in introducing this important legislation and look forward to continuing to work with you to support our nation's educators.
Diane Shust, Director of Government Relations
Randall Moody, Manager of Federal Policy and Politics


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|Back-up Camera
|Cruise Control
Based on 2019 EPA mileage ratings. Use for comparison purposes only. Your mileage will vary depending on driving conditions, how you drive and maintain your vehicle, battery-pack age/condition (if applicable), and other factors.
|Type: New
|Year: 2019
|Make: Ford
|Model: Mustang
|Trim: GT Premium
|Doors: 2D Coupe
|Exterior: Ingot Silver
|Interior: Ebony
|Stock Num: 19368
|Vin: 1FA6P8CF0K5142185
|Mileage: 19
|Fuel Economy: 15/25
|Engine: 5.0L V8 Ti-VCT
|Transmission: 10-Speed Automatic
|Fuel: Gasoline
|Drive: RWD
|Model Code: P8C
|4-Wheel Disc Brakes
|9 Speakers
|ABS brakes
|AM/FM Stereo
|AM/FM radio: SiriusXM
|Air Conditioning
|Auto-dimming Rear-View mirror
|Automatic temperature control
|Brake assist
|Bumpers: body-color
|Cruise Control
|Delay-off headlights
|Driver door bin
|Driver vanity mirror
|Dual front impact airbags
|Dual front side impact airbags
|Electronic Stability Control
|Equipment Group 400A
|Exterior Parking Camera Rear
|Four wheel independent suspension
|Front Bucket Seats
|Front Center Armrest
|Front anti-roll bar
|Front dual zone A/C
|Front fog lights
|Front reading lights
|Fully automatic headlights
|Garage door transmitter
|Heated door mirrors
|Heated front seats
|Illuminated entry
|Knee airbag
|Leather Bucket Seats
|Leather Shift Knob
|Occupant sensing airbag
|Outside temperature display
|Overhead airbag
|Overhead console
|Panic alarm
|Passenger door bin
|Passenger vanity mirror
|Power door mirrors
|Power driver seat
|Power passenger seat
|Power steering
|Power windows
|Radio data system
|Rear Parking Sensors
|Rear anti-roll bar
|Rear window defroster
|Remote keyless entry
|Security system
|SiriusXM Radio
|Speed-Sensitive Wipers
|Speed-sensing steering
|Split folding rear seat
|Telescoping steering wheel
|Tilt steering wheel
|Tire Pressure Monitor System
|Traction control
|Trip computer
|Turn signal indicator mirrors
|Variably intermittent wipers
|Ventilated front seats
|Stock Number:
*Prices include all available factory rebates, incentives (residency restrictions may apply), and dealer discounts. Not all consumers will qualify for all incentives and rebates. Certain rebates and incentives cannot be combined. All financing subject to approved credit. Prices exclude freight, tax, tags and dealer processing fee of $799.00. Freight charge varies depending on the model, $750-$1,595. Some prices may exclude Recon/PDI fees. Prices are valid based on current manufacturer incentive programs, which vary by mode (residency restrictions may apply) See Dealer for complete details. All pre-owned vehicles are subject to and have passed Virginia State Inspections. Jerry's Ford cannot be held responsible for out of state inspection requirements. While every reasonable effort is made to ensure the accuracy of this information, we are not responsible for any errors or omissions contained on these pages. Please verify any information in question with Jerry's Ford. All vehicles subject to prior sale. To better serve our customers, Jerry's Ford uses three methods of communication to respond or make contact. By contacting Jerry's Ford, you agree and opt-in to receive future communication from our staff by way of; text messages, email, or phone calls.


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카탈로그 | 2018-06
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text:
Before I begin, let me start by saying that the views expressed in this column are in no way meant to serve my own political agenda. Trust me. I don't have a political agenda. When it comes to politics, I'm a bona fide fence sitter. My motto on voting is, "Pick the guy that can do the least damage, and hope the team he surrounds himself with accomplishes some things," which in one way or another improves my way of life and strengthens this country.
Now let's move on to the energy-related ramblings of a simple-minded man. As I see it, the following concepts could go a long way toward securing our energy future.
Help America overcome its addiction to foreign oil. This seems like a pretty good idea to me. Why continue to put us in the position of wheeling and dealing with a handful of countries with unstable governments to feed our need for "black gold"? History has shown this can lead to some seriously troubling socioeconomic and financial market stability issues. Looking for an example of how this might be done? Check out an interesting article that ran in the February 6 edition of The Wall Street Journal, "How Brazil Broke Its Oil Habit."
Build some new nuclear plants. If I'm not mistaken, the United States has the largest nuclear power fleet in the world (more than 100). Yet we haven't built a new nuclear plant on U.S. soil for about 20 years. However, that's about to change. Advanced reactor technologies, the concern for global warming, and provisions in EPAct 2005 will give rise to some new dome-shaped containment structures and cooling towers in the not-too-distant future. If France can agree on a standardized nuclear plant design that's safe, reliable, and can serve about 75% of its electricity needs, then why can't we?
Cut back on your sugar and corn intake so we can use it for fuel. Let's move beyond agricultural waste such as plant stalks and wheat straw and go straight for the good stuff — sugar and corn. The technology to produce vehicle fuel from these crops is already available. It's just a matter of creating the right balance between gasoline taxes and government subsidies.
Support the continued research and installation of wind and solar systems. I know it will most likely take decades for renewable energy sources to capture any real market share, but we must keep the faith that one day a good number of us will power our homes and businesses with this never-ending form of energy. Long-term federal tax incentive and rebate programs are a necessary evil to help move this technology into the mainstream.
Put an end to the rhetoric already, and invest in the U.S. transmission grid. Year after year, the rules are tweaked, but the same problems remain. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) is granted new authority, but individual states still play a major role in future expansion of the grid. Transmission owners and investors then scramble to determine how they can best capture the value of their investment. The end result is a lack of investment and expansion in this crucial component of our national infrastructure.
In case my random thoughts aren't enough to make you stop and think about the need to embrace other forms of energy, maybe another writer's can. If you're interested in conspiracy theories by government and big business — and believe we're well on our way to consuming our last drops of black gold — then pick up a copy of "The Empty Tank," written by geologist and energy entrepreneur Jeremy Leggett. My guess is you'll either think he's Chicken Little, or you won't be able to sleep at night.


text:
Search Txxx
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Bromide equipment that extraordinarily sets xHamster but from the others, even , is that, when you click on their loop labeled "dating," you are not brought to some skimpy third-party scam " pull laid tonight" media aspects). I If you're looking from one end to the other of a ample (and I outcome titanic ) archive of porn videos, Video-One.com ascendancy be the village as an alternative you. I'm talking meticulously 54,000 pages (yes, I said "pages") of videos, each period containing enclosing 360 videos. At math was equip my active satisfying but I concoct that adds up to a noble unwieldy of more 20 million videos! Account the in that Video-one is adding discrete buoy up every epoch accordant the loneliest, horniest fappers ripen us would at the beck whack feeling of scrutinization on this tube site. 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30 Doradus Nebula in Visible Light
30 Doradus
Approximately 170,000 light-years (52,000 parsecs)
The ACS/WFC3 data are from the following HST proposals:
12499: D. Lennon (ESA), E. Sabbi (ESA/STScI), J. Anderson, R. van der Marel, T. Sohn, and N. Walborn (STScI), L. Bedin (INAF, Padua), C. Evans (Royal Observatory Edinburgh), H. Sana (STScI/ESA), N. Langer (University of Bonn), S. de Mink (Carnegie Institution of Washington), P. Crowther (University of Sheffield), A. Herrero (IAC, Tenerife), N. Bastian (USM, Munich), and E. Bressert (Australia Telescope National Facility);
12939: E. Sabbi (ESA/STScI), A. Aloisi, J. Anderson, K. Gordon, A. Koekemoer, R. van der Marel, N. Panagia, and C. Christian (STScI), M. Boyer (NASA/GSFC), C. Evans (Royal Observatory Edinburgh), J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin, Madison), E. Grebel (Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg), S. de Mink (Carnegie Institution of Washington), S. Larsen (Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen), D. Lennon (ESA), M. Tosi (INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna), and D. Zaritsky (University of Arizona)
ACS/WFC: F658N (H-alpha) and F775W (i)
WFC3/UVIS: F275W, F336W, and F775W (i)
The images in this release are composites of separate exposures obtained with the ACS and WFC3 instruments on the Hubble Space Telescope. Several filters were used to sample broad and narrow wavelength ranges. The color results from assigning different hues (colors) to each monochromatic (grayscale) image associated with an individual filter. In this case, the assigned colors are:
Luminance: F658N (H-alpha)
Blue: F275W, F336W
Cyan: F555W (V)
Orange: F775W (i)


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When it comes to the most typical cause of poor power factor in a facility, motor inductance is a likely culprit. The problem worsens when motors are not loaded to their full capacity. Harmonic currents reflected back into the system also reduce power factor (What is Power Factor).
The good news is you can correct low power factor by adding power factor correction capacitors to the facility's power distribution system. This is best accomplished via an automatic controller that switches capacitors, and sometimes reactors, on and off. The most basic applications use a fixed capacitor bank.
Power factor correction capacitors can reduce your energy costs by avoiding the premium rates electric utilities charge when your power factor falls below specified values. Facilities typically install these capacitors when their inductive loads cause power factor problems for their neighbors or the electric utility.
Under normal conditions, capacitors should operate trouble-free for many years. However, conditions such as harmonic currents, high ambient temperatures, and poor ventilation can cause premature failures in power factor correction capacitors and related circuitry. These failures can lead to substantial increases in energy expenses and — in extreme cases — create the potential for fires or explosion (Photo 1). Therefore, it's critical to inspect power factor correction capacitors on a regular basis to ensure they're working properly. In fact, most manufacturers recommend that preventive maintenance be performed twice a year.
Safety first
These energy storage devices can deliver a lethal shock long after the power serving them has been disconnected. Although most capacitors are equipped with a discharge circuit, when the circuit fails, a shock hazard exists for an extended period of time. When testing is required with the voltage applied, you must use extreme caution. Capacitor bank maintenance requires training specific to the equipment, its application, and the task you are expected to perform. The proper personal protective equipment (PPE) per NFPA 70E is also required.
Additional hazards are involved in working with current transformer (CT) circuits, including the wiring and shorting block. The CT itself is normally located in the switchboard, not in the capacitor bank enclosure. Even after the capacitor bank has been de-energized, there is a danger of electrical shock from the CT wiring. If the CT circuit is opened when there is a load on the switchboard, the CT can develop a lethal voltage across its terminals.
Visual inspection and cleaning
Start by performing a complete visual inspection of the system. Look for discolored components, bulging and/or leaking capacitors, and signs of heating and/or moisture. Clean and/or replace filters for cooling fans. Clean the units using a vacuum — never use compressed air.
Prior to re-energizing the capacitors, perform an insulation integrity test from the bus phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground points. Note: The control power transformer line-side breaker or fuses must be removed to prevent erroneous readings phase-to-phase.
Infrared inspection
The most valuable tool for evaluating capacitor banks is a thermal imager. The system should be energized for at least 1 hour prior to testing. To begin, check the controller display to determine if all the stages are connected. Next, verify that the cooling fans are operating properly. Conduct an infrared examination of the enclosure prior to opening the doors. Based on your arc flash assessment, wear the required PPE when performing tasks near energized equipment.
Examine power and control wiring with the thermal imager, looking for loose connections. A thermal evaluation will identify a bad connection by showing a temperature increase due to the additional resistance at the point of connection. A good connection should measure no more than 20°F above the ambient temperature. There should be little or no difference in temperature phase-to-phase or bank-to-bank at points of connection.
An infrared evaluation will detect a blown fuse by highlighting temperature differences between blown and intact fuses. A blown fuse in a capacitor bank stage reduces the amount of correction available. Some units are equipped with blown fuse indicators; others are not. If you find a blown fuse, shut down the entire bank, and determine what caused the fuse to blow. Some common causes are bad capacitors, reactor problems, and bad connections at line-fuse, load-fuse, or fuse clip points.
You should also look for differences in temperature of individual capacitors (Photo 2). If a capacitor is not called for or connected at the time of examination, then it should be cooler. Also keep in mind that the temperature of components might be higher in the upper sections due to convection. However, if according to the controller all stages are connected, then temperature differences usually indicate a problem. For example, high pressure may cause the capacitor's internal pressure interrupter to operate before the external fuse, thus removing the capacitor from the circuit without warning.
Current measurements
As part of your preventive maintenance procedures, take a current measurement on all three phases of each stage and record it using a multimeter and current clamp. Use the multimeter to measure the current input to the controller from the current transformer in the switchboard, using a current clamp around the CT secondary conductor.
A calculation is required to convert the measured current value to the actual current flowing through the switchboard. If the current transformer is rated 3,000A to 5A — and you measure 2A — the actual current is: (3,000A ÷ 5A) × 2A = 1,200A.
In addition, measure the current through the breaker feeding the capacitor bank for phase imbalance, with all stages connected. Maintain a log of all readings to provide a benchmark for readings taken at a later date.
Power factor measurements
Measuring power factor requires a meter that can simultaneously measure voltage, current, power, and demand over at least a 1-second period. A digital multimeter (DMM) cannot perform these measurements, but a power quality analyzer with a current clamp will measure all of these elements over time, helping you to build an accurate picture of the facility's power consumption. A power logger, another type of power quality tool, can perform a 30-day load study to provide an even better understanding of power factor and other parameters.
Capacitance measurements
Before measuring capacitance, de-energize the capacitor bank and wait for the period specified in the manufacturer's service bulletin. While wearing the proper PPE, confirm with a properly rated meter that no AC is present. Follow your facility's lockout/tagout procedure. Using a DC meter rated for the voltage to be tested and set to 1,000VDC, test each stage — phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground. There should be no voltage present. The presence of voltage indicates the capacitor may not be discharged. If no voltage is detected, measure capacitance with the meter and compare the reading to the manufacturer's specifications for each stage. Although power factor correction capacitors are designed to provide years of service, the key is performing proper maintenance as recommended by the individual manufacturer.
Kennedy is a licensed electrical contractor and technical author for Fluke Corp., Everett, Wash. He also serves as an OSHA-authorized general industry outreach safety trainer and instructor/curriculum developer for Prairie State College, Lakeland College, Joliet Junior College, and the Indiana Safety Council.