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When the Eagles drafted defensive end Vinny Curry in the second round of April's draft, the pick was widely hailed as a case of the rich getting richer at defensive end.
Curry was expected to be a pass rushing option behind Jason Babin and Trent Cole, but things haven't worked out that way. Curry has been a scratch in each of the Eagles' 10 games this season, something that's been harder to understand as the season has unfolded without particularly strong play from the defensive ends who do suit up on gameday. Philly's gotten just eight sacks from the position, well below the established level of production.
The Eagles have said their depth at end (they also have Brandon Graham, Darryl Tapp and Phillip Hunt) has kept Curry off the field. That hasn't stopped Curry from wondering why he isn't part of the lineup, though.
"I'm pretty sure the fans want to know where their [second-round] pick's at," Curry said last week, via Zach Berman of the Philadelphia Inquirer. "I'm wondering the same thing. But it's damn sure not a talent issue. They have their guys set already. Ankle sprain in the summer, that's all I could think of."
Things appear to be changing. Berman reports that Curry is expected to get on the field for the Eagles against the Panthers on Monday night. If he can play well, it would provide a modicum of hope for the future in a season that's been light on it in Philadelphia.


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RNR Videos
The role of the RNR is to enable the Royal Navy to meet its operational commitments in times of stretch, crisis, tension and war.
The role is one you can do in your spare time, but you can get a lot out of it. For some people it can help shape their career, for others it could be a stepping stone to a full-time career in the Royal Navy, and some join because it offers a great social life and the chance to take part in a fantastic range of sports and activities.
The minimum annual commitment is just 24 days, of which 12 are required to be continuous, and there is a great deal of flexibility about how you make up this time. It can be over weekends, week nights or training courses.
New Entry Training is in two parts. The first part, Part 1, is conducted in Unit and Part 2 is a two-week course held at HMS Raleigh in Torpoint, Cornwall.
You will be given all the training you need to do your job and more. On some of the training exercises, you could find yourself battling the elements on a boat or being winched down from a helicopter!
The Royal Navy is one of the largest training organisations in the UK and offers a whole range of training courses, many of which may be applicable in your civilian life, such as basic first aid, basic fire fighting, and command, leadership and management skills.

subset: commoncrawl


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From One Parent to Another
An interview with Patricia Konetnzy, CFP, EA.
As a parent, the prospect of putting a child through college may pose an obstacle. Each year, countless numbers of parents deal with the exact same situation. People with complicated lives, limited money, and limited free time see their way through this seemingly difficult process.
Patricia Konetzny, a certified financial planner and mother of four children, has already seen one child through college and has another currently enrolled. She understands the importance of helping her children make such life changing decisions, as well as financial decisions.
Not only believing in the importance of carefully planning out one's financial decisions, she believes that children should be responsible for some of the cost of their education so that they will be "committed to studying and getting the most" out of their education. This topic, among others, is discussed by Mrs. Konetzny in the following interview.
Tell us about your life. How did your career start? Did you have your child before or after the start of your career?
I am self-employed as a fee-only personal financial advisor. I work with people who want to be sure they are making the best decisions they can with their money based on what's important to them. After college and before children, I worked for a large bank in Boston as an internal auditor.
My interest in financial planning grew from my own years as a stay-at-home mother. With four children, including a set of twins, it made sense for me to learn ways to save money on taxes and investments, as well as groceries and braces. I followed an interest and it became a career. I chose to further my education when the children were young so that I could work and earn money when they were in school.
I started my own business so that I could have the flexibility to be home in the afternoons and attend their games, school events. The business gave me the ability to do things that were important to my family and me. Our youngest two will be attending college in the fall. Our oldest graduated in 2004 and our second daughter is presently a junior in college.
What were the biggest challenges you faced prior to, and during the process of putting your children through college? Did you have money saved for their education? How did you go about saving that money?
Our biggest challenge was that my husband was laid off the year our oldest started college. He started his own business in a different field so we were both self-employed.
I knew that saving in the child's name was not a good idea. We had saved mostly in our own retirement accounts, setting aside 8 to 10% a year from the time we married. When 401ks started, we saved through my husband's 401k and contributed to an IRA for me, taking advantage of spousal IRAs.
Did you have to utilize financial aid? How did you handle their personal expenses?
Yes, we did apply for financial aid and had our daughter take the maximum federal loan each year. She graduated, consolidated her loans at 2.78%, and pays them off monthly. I explained to her that funding a 401k is a better use of her money than pre-paying the education loans. She is now continuing her education while working at a company that reimburses 90% of her tuition too.
She was responsible for almost all of her personal expenses while in college. Through high school she had to save a portion of her earnings for college so knew that was expected before she went.
Did you help your daughter choose the college she went to? While your child was in school, did they ever have problems with a low GPA and if so, what was done about it? Did they graduate on time?
Attending the University of Massachusetts was her choice. She had attended a small high school and wanted the opportunities of a large university. At the time I would have preferred that she attend a smaller school, but left the decision to her. It was an excellent decision and we are confident she made the right choice.
We believe that it's our children's responsibility for their GPA and don't get involved other than telling them finishing in four years was expected. There would be no "Super Seniors", as they say. Our oldest finished in four years and we expect our second daughter to do that as well.
As a parent and experienced member of the workforce, do you feel that specific skills and leadership abilities are important qualities? Did your child do an internship and do you think that that is important?
I believe many skills are very important in the workforce and in life. They need to be aware of life and people around them, be honest, be an independent thinker yet work well with others, have coping skills to deal with whatever happens, feel they have control and are responsible for their decisions and what happens to them.
Both girls have worked as an intern, yet I believe all summer jobs help kids develop. Our second daughter realized she did not want to work in her major through the internship she had last summer so it was well worth her time. She has since changed her major.
Do you have any additional advice to parents facing the task of putting their child through college?
I encourage parents not to personally take out large amounts of loans or have the child take out large loans to attend college. Try to pay for college through yearly income. Try to utilize savings and federal loans, work-study programs, kids' work, tax saving, et cetera.
Also, encourage your children to take responsibility for paying at least part of their education so they are really committed to studying and getting the most out of their time.
Interviewed by Doug Schmitt, CollegesUSA.com Staff Writer.


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The Central Connecticut women's lacrosse team defeated LIU Brooklyn on Sunday afternoon by a score of 15-14. The Blue Devils (7-9, 4-3 NEC) were led by a five-goal performance from senior Amanda Toke and three-goal games from sophomore Falynn McCartney and freshman Alexandra Hooker. LIU falls to 3-13 overall and 1-6 in NEC play with the loss.
The Blackbirds opened an early 4-1 lead, but the Blue Devils responded with an 11-0 run over a 13 minute stretch midway through the first half. Toke scored four of the 11 goals with senior Meaghan McCurry, sophomore Elyse Malecki and Hooker each netting a pair.
The run gave CCSU a 12-4 lead, but the Blackbirds would rally for five straight goals late in the first half. However, Toke was able to slow LIU's momentum by recording the final score of the period, giving the Blue Devils a 13-9 halftime advantage.
In a much lower scoring second half, the Blackbirds outscored the Blue Devils 5-2. LIU's final goal of the game came with 6:21 left to play and actually tied the score at 14-14.
McCartney answered for the Blue Devils with a free position goal with 2:39 left to play that proved to be the game winner.
The goal gave McCartney a hat-trick, while Hooker picked up her hat-trick with a free position goal earlier in the second half.
Junior goalkeeper Morgan Tullar secured the victory for the Blue Devils with a save of LIU's final shot. With just seconds remaining, Tullar stopped the shot and secured the ball to put the game away.
Tullar improves to 7-9 on the season with the victory. She made 12 saves in the contest.
The Blue Devils held a commanding 14-6 advantage in ground balls, led by four from senior Ashley Olhausen. Toke, McCartney and junior Jessica Sudock also picked up multiple ground balls in the game.
Toke also contributed six draw controls and three caused turnovers, both team-highs for the game.
McCartney controlled four draws in the game to improve her season total to 58, which sets a new CCSU single-season record. McCartney tied an surpassed Betsy Vendel for the top spot during Sunday's game. Vendel had 57 draw controls during the 2012 season.
The Blue Devils finish the regular season in fourth place in the Northeast Conference standings and will play be the #4 seed in the NEC Tournament. The tournament berth marks the second consecutive year and second time in program history that the Blue Devils will play in the postseason.
The tournament will be played on the campus of #1 seed and regular season champion Bryant. CCSU will play the host Bulldogs in one of two semifinal contests on Friday, May 2. The time of the game is to be determined, please check CCSUBlueDevils.com for the most up-to-date information on the Blue Devils in the NEC Tournament.


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If you would like to submit a question about Karate, to see what I might think about a subject, you are welcome to do so. I will most likely paraphrase the question and state the initials of the person who submits the question (to be safe). It would help if you state where you are from (city, state, country). I am sorry, but I cannot promise to answer all questions, but I will try to answer the ones I find particularly interesting.
I won't answer questions about who promoted who, who is the best, how you can get promoted, commercial issues, politics, etc.
Of course, I only know what I know and thoughtful people can disagree about things. If I don't know something, I will say that I don't.
But you are welcome to submit a question. You can email to me at:
Charles C. Goodin


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The objective of this course is to enhance and extend our understanding of virtual or online communities. We will look not only at technologies for 'community building' such as listservs, discussion boards, fora, and portals, but also at successful and perhaps unsuccessful attempts at online community building.
We will attempt to define 'community' in several ways throughout our meetings: commercial, sociological, common terms as well as 'communities of practice' 'communities of faith' 'wired physical communities' 'learning communities' 'interest groups' and other claims for community.
But we will also look at what is lost or restricted in these various definitions and conceptions of community -- difference, conflict and its resolutions, exclusion vs inclusion,
After an introductory period of a couple of weeks, seminar members will be asked to select at least one site claiming to represent a virtual community and one topic area involving virtual or other communities as represented by the readings for ongoing study and for class presentation.
Each seminar member will give a 20 - 30 minute presentation describing their community and describe how it fits the definitions of community and how community is facilitated and how commmunity is restricted and governed drawing on our readings and discussions.
The class discussion list will act to extend the class discussions and to help prepare the class for each presentation (in advance please). Participation in discussions, e-mail and seminar, will be considered in grading.
Instructor: Paul Jones 213 Manning Hall email@example.com 962-7600


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How can I create tabs?
You can submit a new tab only on the website:
But we're planning to create a special Author apps for iOS/Android for creating tabs on your device.
After your tab is approved you'll get:
- Official Tab Author status
- Right to approve and reject tabs of other authors
- No more ads on the website
- Free lifetime access to Tab Pro on web
- Awesome opportunity to bring more rock'n'roll
to Ultimate Guitar!


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The Pontiac Firebird was the mysteriously unloved little brother to the Chevrolet Camaro. It's not that the people who did manage to buy one didn't like it, it's that so few people managed to buy one compared to its corporate stablemate. But that didn't stop Pontiac from advertising it at the Super Bowl.
I was inspired to look up older Super Bowl ads after seeing last week's Maserati Ghibli spot, which just about knocked the socks off of everything else. This commercial aired during Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, according to the video title, and because I can't remember if it actually did because I was ten years old, and also because who actually remembers what ad came from which year, I will choose to believe it.
(Also, it's not on the list of Super Bowl ads from that year on Wikipedia, but they don't specifically say that it wasn't, so why not? Pontiac ran one of their Wile E. Coyote/Road Runner ads, so it's entirely plausible. Except, ya know, that the ad was for the Firebird. Which not many bought. Relatively.)
The last generation of Firebird looked good – first with that pointy shark-nose, and then, when it was revised, the performance-oriented Trans Am had that ridiculously obnoxious hog snout. It was great, if you don't really consider much else. Sure, the interior was a bit shoddy and the chassis was possibly made out of cast iron, but it one could get it with a 305-horse V8. Which was nothing to sneeze at back then, especially since no one had any idea that just a decade later you'd be able to buy a Hyundai coupe with comparable power.
So was it the Firebird "scary?" Not particularly, if you think about your average Pontiac Trans Am owner. But by comparing the ads of 16 years ago to today, you can see how far this whole shebang has come. Super Bowl ads will always be a bit tacky and kitschy and awful, no matter how we dress them up, but judging from the past, I like the way we're headed.


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- Photo by Allison Meier, via HyperAllergic
For seven years now, Bushwick Open Studios has been one of the most reliable, beloved institutions of early summer, and this weekend's festivities—the biggest yet, with over 600 scheduled shows—promise to be some of the best in the festival's history.
And of course, part of the beauty of this whole thing is the option of wandering aimlessly from studio to studio seeing wildly different types of art and meeting the people who make it (plus sampling the beer, snacks, and wine a lot of the artists bring into their studios for the occasion), but at the same time, it can't hurt to go into this whole thing with a plan. So, in the spirit of having at least a vague itinerary for the weekend, we talked to the festival's organizers about the shows (and parties) you absolutely can't miss this time around.


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- Publish date:
- Updated on
- Year
- 1904
Patent for tire chain issued
On this day in 1904, Harold D. Weed of Canastota, New York, is issued U.S. Patent No. 768,495 for his "Grip-Tread for Pneumatic Tires," a non-skid tire chain to be used on automobiles in order to increase traction on roads slick with mud, snow or ice.
At the time, Weed worked for the Marvin and Casler Company, a Canastota machine shop that made a range of products including automobile engines, name plate machines, automatic palm readers and motion picture equipment. He reportedly drew inspiration for his tire chain from the habit of some local motorists who wrapped rope around their tires to increase traction on muddy country roads. In his patent, Weed said that his invention aimed to "provide a flexible and collapsible grip or tread composed entirely of chains linked together and applied to the sides and periphery of the tire and held in place solely by the inflation of the tire, and which is reversible." The tire chain was assembled around a tire when it was partially deflated; after hooks on either end of the chain were fastened, the tire was then reinflated. Weed's tire chains were soon found to work just as well on snow and ice as on mud.
In 1908, in a promotional effort, representatives of the Weed Chain Tire Grip Company challenged the master magician Harry Houdini to escape from a prison created by their product. According to "The Secret Life of Houdini," by William Kalush and Larry Sloman, Houdini was enmeshed in a series of looped, locked tire chains, then chained into two steel-rimmed automobile tires. At one point during the escape, the chains had to be moved lower, as Houdini was turning blue from one of them binding his throat; he was then able to release himself. Houdini performed this famous stunt during a weeklong engagement at Hammerstein's Theatre in New York.
Harry Weed eventually sold his tire chain patents to the American Chain and Cable Company, the successor to the Weed Chain Tire Grip Co. After serving as a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army during World War I, he held patents for devices related to the tire chain and was honored by the Army Ordnance Committee for his work in designing bomb-release mechanisms and machine gun synchronizing devices for use in aircraft. He died in Palm Beach, Florida, in 1961, at the age of 89.


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Ticketed Events and Preconferences
(events requiring ticket purchases)
Purchase tickets to these events through "Step 6 – Your Events" of the online registration form. If you have already registered for the conference, you can log back in and add these events to your registration.
You can also register via phone by calling 1-800-974-3084.
Interested in only attending a ticketed event and not the conference? You must use the print registration form and submit via mail or fax. On-site registration will be available for all ticketed events if they have not reached capacity.
Get the full scoop on registration at the RUSA blog.
Reinvented Reference V: Using Our Collective Wisdom
Friday, July 10, 8:30 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Reference Services Section (RSS) and RUSA Machine-Assisted Reference Section (MARS)
Technology, staffing, collaboration, and assessment pose big challenges to most libraries. Wish you could get answers to real world library problems? Tired of hearing "how we did it" stories that don't mention overcoming hurdles? Wish that sessions were more interactive and less "sage on the stage"? Come to Reinvented Reference V! Reference librarians and managers of reference services interested in discovering solutions to the challenges of staffing models, technology, collaboration, or assessment in an interactive format will reap huge rewards from Reinvented Reference V. Go home with practical, concrete ideas from our expert panel—and your colleagues—that you can implement at your library. Lunch is included.
Speakers: Bill Pardue, virtual services librarian at Arlington Heights Memorial Library; Char Booth, e-learning librarian at UC Berkeley; Lisa Ennis, systems librarian and assistant professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Brian Matthews, user experience librarian, Georgia Tech Libraries.
Advance Registration (until May 22): RUSA member, $195; ALA member, $240; Non-member, $315; Student, $90
Regular Registration (after May 22): RUSA member, $220; ALA member, $265; Non-member, $340; Student, $115
Event Code: RU1
From Lincoln Logs to Linkin' Families
Friday, July 10, 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA History Section (HS) and ProQuest
What better way to celebrate the 200th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth in the "Land of Lincoln" than to explore your own family heritage and learn how to help patrons discover theirs using new and exciting Illinois-related related resources. Librarians serving genealogists and others who are interested in these resources for personal searches can benefit from this one day workshop. Tools specific to researching African American family histories will also be discussed. Lunch and coffee breaks are included.
Speakers: George Morgan, Genealogy Guys and author of How to Do Everything With Your Genealogy; Curt Witcher, manager, Genealogy Center of Allen County (Ind.) Public Library; Jack Simpson, curator of local and family history, Newberry Library (Chicago) and co-creator of ChicagoAncestors.org; Lorreto "Lou" Dennis Szucs, editor, The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy.
Advance Registration (until May 22): RUSA member, $100; ALA member, $145; Non-member, $220; Student, $75
Regular Registration (after May 22): RUSA member, $125; ALA Member, $170; Non-member, $245; Student, $100
Event Code: RU2
Mastering Business Acumen (MBA) in a Day: Business Concepts for Library Reference
Friday, July 10, 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Business and Reference Services Section (BRASS)
A first time offering, MBA in a Day complements the very successful RUSA BRASS Business Reference 101 seminar. MBA in a Day will provide librarians with basic knowledge about business to support reference services in this area. Public, academic and special librarians as well as library school students who are new to business reference or who want to improve their understanding of basic business concepts will benefit from this pre-conference. (Please note: library management and budgeting is not the focus of this seminar.)
Speakers: Elisabeth Leonard, consultant, Library Solutions, and instructor, Marketing Basics for Libraries, RUSA online course (Management); Chris LeBeau, business reference librarian, University of Missouri, Kansas City and clinical instructor, School of Information Science and Learning Technologies (Finance); Susan Klopper, executive director, Goizueta Business Library, Emory University (Accounting); Gary White, head, Schreyer Business Library, Penn State (Marketing).
Advance Registration (until May 22): RUSA member, $135; ALA member, $180; Non-member, $255; Student, $80
Regular Registration (after May 22): RUSA member, $160; ALA member, $205; Non-member, $280; Student, $100
Event Code: RU3
A Dialogue with the Aging Network and the Library Community: The New Guidelines on Library and Information Services to Older Adults
Friday, July 10, 9:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA RSS Committee on Library Services to an Aging Population and the Association of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies (ASCLA)
Today's libraries face new challenges in serving the information needs of baby boomers and older adults—a rapidly growing segment of the population increasingly concerned about its future. Attendees will learn how libraries and organizations for the aging can collaborate at the local and national levels. RUSA's newly revised "Guidelines on Library and Information Services to Older Adults "will be discussed. Speakers include representatives from organizations such as the American Society on Aging, the National Association of Area Agencies on Aging and AARP, along with library professionals with expertise in services to older adults.
Advance Registration (until May 22): RUSA member, $100; ALA member, $145; Non-member, $220; Student, $60
Regular Registration (after May 22): RUSA member, $125; ALA member, $160; Non-member, $245; Student, $85
Event Code: RU4
Literary Tastes Breakfast
Sunday, July 12, 8:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Collection Development and Evaluation Section (CODES)
A not-to-miss event for every book lover! The Literary Tastes Breakfast celebrates the best books of the year by bringing librarians together with award-winning authors from The Notable Books List of fiction, non-fiction and poetry, The Reading List for genre literature and the Sophie Brody Medal for outstanding Jewish literature. Authors read from their work, ruminate on writing and sign books while attendees enjoy a scrumptious breakfast.
Advance Registration (until May 22): RUSA member, $40; ALA member, $45; Non-member, $55; Student, $40
Regular Registration (after May 22): RUSA member, $45; ALA member, $50; Non-member, $60; Student, $45
(included in conference registration fees)
Conference registration is required to attend one of these events. You can register online, by phone (1-800-974-3084) or by mail and fax with the print registration form.
Programs by day | Programs by Topic
Moving Mountains: Latest Trends in the Physical Delivery of Library Materials
Saturday, July 11, 8:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
Sponsored by ASCLA ICAN and RUSA
How do you move 5, 10, or even 20 million items a year between libraries? The 2008 Moving Mountains Symposium in Cincinnati explored the best methods for delivering materials between libraries as well as new trends in home delivery. A panel will present Symposium highlights including best practices in current delivery, future trends, home delivery, automated material handling systems, and ways to collaborate. Speakers: Anna Abate, SWON Libraries- OH; Valerie Horton, CLiC-CO; David Millikin, OCLC-OH; Greg Pronevitz, NMRLS-MA
Outsourcing Collection Development: Collaboration is the Key
Saturday, July 11, 10:30 a.m. – 12 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Collection Development and Evaluation Section (CODES)
Outsourcing collection development has come a long way in the last 10 years. A panel representing public libraries, academic libraries and relevant vendors will address the evolution of outsourcing, how the traditional role of the collection development librarian has changed, and the effectiveness of newly developed collaborative models illustrating library-vendor relationships.
The Secret Life of Our Data: Privacy in the Digital Age
Saturday, July 11, 1:30 p.m. – 3:30 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Sharing and Transforming Access to Resources Section (STARS)
The ease with which personal information can be stored, replicated, transmitted, and accessed has changed the information privacy landscape considerably. Consequently, it is difficult for libraries to guarantee the privacy of users' information. Legal challenges resulting from the USA PATRIOT Act and employers seeking information about their staff further complicate the issue. Attendees will learn more about patron privacy issues and how to serve as effective defenders of users' rights.
When is Nice Too Nice? Solutions for Disengaging from the Talkative Patron
Saturday, July 11, 3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Reference Services Section (RSS)
Library public services staff commonly experience overly talkative patrons. Some patrons are homeless or mentally ill, but others may simply be lonely and seeking human contact. These "chatty" patrons can be a significant problem when there are multiple people needing assistance, when they exhibit inappropriate behaviors, or when they aggressively seek out the time and attention of specific staff members. Join us to explore strategies for addressing this issue in a variety of library settings. Speakers: Mark R. Willis, Dayton Metro Library; Deborah Van Petten, Valdosta State University; Justina Osa, Virginia State University; April Callis, Springboard Consulting; Warren Graham, Black Belt Librarians
Collection Development 2.0: The Changing Administration of Collection Development
Saturday, July 11, 3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
Sponsored by ALCTS CMDS, RUSA CODES and RUSA STARS
Collection development is undergoing revolutionary changes. In the last few years, most libraries have made major changes in the way they manage collection development. This program will help clarify what new approaches some libraries have taken and why, their consequences (both intended and unintended), and what some of those thinking about these issues see on the horizon. Speakers: Rick Anderson, associate director for scholarly resources and collections, University of Utah; Martha White, director of library experiences, Lexington (KY) Public Library; Jonathan Nabe, collection development librarian, sciences and technology, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale; Steven Harris, panel moderator, Director of Collections and Acquisitions Services, University of New Mexico
Things That Go Bump in the Stacks: Whole Collection Advisory for Paranormal Fiction
Sunday, July 12, 10:30 a.m. – 12 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Collection Development and Evaluation Section (CODES) and PLA
Come discuss best practices for helping patrons find paranormal materials they can really sink their teeth into. Explore this genre-spanning market with this program that focuses on understanding the appeal of the genre and helping fans find materials throughout the library. Neil Hollands, librarian and author of Read On…Fantasy Fiction will moderate a panel of authors and experts discussing best practices, including bestselling author Charlaine Harris (the Southern Vampire series, the Aurora Teagarden series).
Collection Development: Decision-Making with Data
Sunday, July 12, 10:30 a.m. – 12 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Collection Development and Evaluation Section (CODES) and ALCTS CMDS
What do materials selectors in academic, public, and school libraries need to know, and where can they find data to inform their decisions? Librarians who did not take a collection development course or who have been asked to select materials in unfamiliar subject areas or formats will benefit from this overview program, which will review sources of readily-available data and provide tips on how to use it effectively for collection development.
Unleashing the Undigitized: Promoting and Accessing Traditional Historical Resources in the Age of Google
Sunday, July 12, 10:30 a.m. – 12 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA History Section (HS)
Digitization has made a vast amount of primary source material more readily available than ever. In fact, digitization is so pervasive that researchers increasingly assume that everything they seek is available online. How can information professionals promote still-important print and microform collections in the age of Google? This panel will discuss the issue from a number of perspectives, including that of librarians, archivists, teachers, and vendors.
Who Cares About Privacy? Boundaries, Millennials and the MySpace Mindset
Sunday, July 12, 10:30 a.m. – 12 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Machine-Assisted Reference Section (MARS)
Libraries have long trumpeted their role as protectors of privacy, but what does privacy mean in an age when people share all aspects of their lives with a worldwide audience? Is the library's commitment to privacy standing in the way of offering a truly collaborative research environment for our millennial users? Speakers will participate in a lively discussion on the changing definition of privacy and its impact on libraries and the research process. Speakers: Siva Vaidhyanathan, associate professor of media studies and law, University of Virginia; Frances Jacobson Harris, University Laboratory High School librarian and professsor of library administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Resource Sharing in the 21st Century: Beyond Books and Journals
Sunday, July 12, 1:30 p.m. – 3 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Sharing and Transforming Access to Resources Section (STARS)
Although books and journals constitute most resource sharing, users increasingly ask for access to other materials in a variety of formats. How can we share these digital (streaming video, downloadable audio files, e-books, etc.) and non-print collections through traditional interlibrary loan (ILL) or cooperative sharing? What is the current state of resource sharing with regard to formats other than print, and how are we providing greater access to each other's collections through consortia borrowing and circulation? Learn more about these topics from a variety of speakers representing ILL and library network professionals.
15th Annual New Reference Research Forum
Sunday, July 12, 1:30 p.m. – 3 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Reference Services Section (RSS)
The Research Forum is one of the most popular programs at ALA Annual, where attendees can learn about notable research projects in reference service areas such as user behavior, electronic services, and reference effectiveness. This year's Forum features three presentations, including the recipients of RUSA's 15th Anniversary Reference Research Grant who will present their findings on using WOREP data to build excellent reference service.
New Selectors and Selecting in New Subjects: Meeting the Challenges
Sunday, July 12, 1:30 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.
Sponsored by ALCTS CMDS and RUSA CODES
Are you challenged by a new collection development assignment? Or are you responsible for training new librarians in collection development? Librarians are increasingly thrust into new roles as selectors in unfamiliar disciplines or liaisons to unrelated academic departments and community groups, yet we often assume these roles with little to no training and/or subject background. This program explores the changing environment of collection development and offers strategies for preparing for new challenges. Jeff Kosokoff, Director, Ginn Library & Information Technology, The Fletcher School, Tufts University Arro Smith, Technical Services Manager, San Marcos Public Library Linda Phillips, Professor and Head, Scholarly Communication, The University of Tennessee Library Moderator - Harriet Lightman, Head, Academic Liaison Services, Northwestern University Library
Catalog Use and Usability Studies: What Do They Show and How Should This Evidence Affect Our Decision-Making?
Sunday, July 12, 1:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
Sponsored by ALCTS CCS and RUSA RSS
How are online catalogs used? What information is sought by different levels of users? How well do OPACs support catalog functions? What role should usability studies play in the decision-making process? What improvements can be made in response to the findings of a catalog usability study? This program invites researchers from various types of libraries, who have employed catalog usability and user studies findings to improve their catalogs, to share their experiences. Speakers: Karen Calhoun, vice president, Worldcat and Metadata Services, OCLC; Janet Hawk, director, Market Research and Analysis, OCLC; Nora Dimmock, librarian, University of Rochester; Beth Thomsett-Scott, reference unit manager, University of North Texas
You Got Me, Do You Like Me? Evaluating Next Generation Catalogs
Sunday, July 12, 3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Reference Services Section (RSS) and Machine-Assisted Reference Section (RSS)
Congratulations, you have acquired (or may soon acquire) a Next Generation, Web 2.0 catalog—now what? Hear from a panel of academic and public librarians who have been evaluating their open source and off-the-shelf next-gen catalogs. Topics will include usability testing, ongoing assessment, vendor collaboration, and user expectations in the transition to next-gen products. Speakers include Cody Hanson, technology librarian, University of Minnesota; Ross Shanley-Roberts, special projects technologist, Miami University Libraries; and Eli Neiburger, associate director of IT and product development, Ann Arbor District Library. This program is co-sponsored by the RUSA MARS Local Systems and Services Committee and the LITA Next Generation Catalog User Group.
Beyond ¡Hola!: Spanish Reference Resources for Non-Spanish Speakers
Monday, July 13, 8 a.m. – 10 a.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Reference Services Section (RSS)
Do you have the right tools to help a Spanish-speaker looking for information in your library? Do you know how to purchase the right titles for your Spanish-speaking population? As Latinos become more active library users, what can libraries do to help them become more informed citizens? Join us as we discuss reference resources, Web sites, and collection development for this group of patrons. Panel members include Jacqueline Ayala, co-author of Serving Latino Communities, and Elissa Miller, associate director of collections at the Washington, D.C. Public Library.
Dollars, Pounds and Yen: Libraries in a Time of Globalization
Monday, July 13, 8 a.m. – 10 a.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Business Reference and Services Section (BRASS)
Identifying the best resources for international business information can be overwhelming. Get a grip on the best tools available with help from subject matter experts Terese Terry, business librarian at the Lippincott Library, Wharton School of Business, and Alec Young, international equity strategist at Standard & Poor's. Terry will share best resources for locating information on emerging markets, while Young will discuss the global economic outlook and major trends in the global economy as they effect stock, bond, commodity and currency markets around the world.
Resuscitating the Catalog: Next-Generation Strategies for Keeping the Catalog Relevant
Monday, July 13, 8:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m.
Sponsored by ALCTS CMDS, RUSA RSS and LITA
In today's complex information environment, users have come to expect evaluative information and interactive capabilities when searching for information resources. A panel of experts will address various aspects of providing links to external information in library catalogs, implementing user-contributed functionality, and using computational data to support bibliographic control. Speakers: David Flaxbart, head librarian, Chemistry Library, Univ. of Texas at Austin; Renee Register, global product manager, OCLC; Beth Jefferson, president, BiblioCommons; Ellen Safley, senior associate director for public services and collections, University of Texas, Dallas
Not-So-Silent Partners: Libraries and Local Economic Development
Monday, July 13, 10:30 a.m. – 12 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA Business Reference and Services Section (BRASS)
Public libraries and the ways they assist local businesses are the focus of this program. John Ericson, business outreach librarian at the Schaumburg Public Library will speak about ways to effectively conduct outreach within the business community. William Strauss, senior economist at the Chicago Federal Reserve will share his views about the national and Midwest economies. These presentations will be accompanied by a poster session illustrating the business partnership efforts of several libraries. A list of all the publicly available information on similar work being done by community colleges, public libraries and universities will also be available.
Love the Work, Hate the Job
Monday, July 13, 10:30 a.m. – 12 p.m.
Sponsored by RUSA and ALA/ALF-CIO
Why do more and more Americans express dissatisfaction with their jobs while their work has become more intellectually challenging and less physically exhausting? Hear David Kusnet, author of Love the Work, Hate the Job, tell the stories of workers fighting less for better pay and benefits, and more for respect and a say in the future of their business. He will also address his argument that indiscriminate cost-cutting and the pursuit of short-term profits prevent the best workers from doing their best work.
RUSA President's Program
Monday, July 13, 1:30 p.m. – 3 p.m.
RUSA President Neal Wyatt invites you to a discussion and exploration of the cutting edge of readers' advisory (RA) services. The Readers' Advisory Research and Trends Forum is a new RUSA initiative where ideas, best practices, and creative possibilities are actively engaged and deconstructed in order to contribute to the advancement of RA service. This year's themes include the changes in genre fiction, the DNA of multimedia appeal, and the RA 2.0 implications of reader-driven tagging.


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The Hope College cheerleaders came together the first week of August to make their annual trip to the largest regional college cheerleading camp in the country sponsored by Universal Cheerleading Association (UCA) in Milwaukee, Wisc.
The squad, comprised of three men and eight women, joined nearly a thousand cheerleaders representing colleges and universities from all over the Midwest and beyond, on the campus of the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee.
Over four days, the squads work on new skills, hone their safety technique, come together as a team and compete in competitions with routines learned at camp. As one of just a few NCAA Division III colleges in attendance, the Hope squad participated in camp competitions in a very competitive Small Coed Division which included several Division I universities, as well as three-time, and current national champions in Small Coed, Division II, Northern Kentucky University.
Hope earned a second place trophy in the Sideline competition and a fourth place trophy in the Cheer competition, as well as blue ribbons in every evaluation in which they participated.
In addition to their impressive showing in the competitions, the Hope cheerleaders tied for the Leadership Trophy in their division with DePaul University. This award is voted on by the other squads in that division, for the squad which; they would like to be a member of, exhibited leadership throughout the camp, and made everyone's camp experience more enjoyable.
With only four members of Hope's squad having previous college camp experience, this very positive outcome in Milwaukee is a harbinger of great things to come for this young squad, according to coach Wes Wooley.


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Cyber bullying: when bullying goes online
Cyber bullying happens when young people are tormented, made vulnerable, humiliated, harassed, hassled, embarrassed, threatened or targeted by other young people using e‑mail, texting, chat rooms, mobile phones, other social media websites or other sources of technology. When adults are involved, it becomes cyber-harassment or cyber stalking, as cyber bullying is only between minors.
Fighting cyber bullying
The Council of Europe launched the Young People Combating Hate Speech On-line to combat racism and discrimination in cyberspace. Between 2012 and 2014 young people and youth organisations will have the chance to be trained to recognise and act against such situations. Centred on a course and online campaigning, the project stands for action and intervention.
Acting offline
Cyber bullying happens online, but there are a lot of things you can do to take action against it in the offline world. Stop Cyber Bullying offers you the Stop Cyber Bullying Toolkit, where you will find a lot of information on how to prevent and fight cyber bullying in your school our community.
Be protected
It can be hard to escape cyber bullying, as the Internet is available all the time and victims can't just turn off their computer or mobile phone to make it stop. Ins@fe provides you with a series of tips on how you can protect yourself online, such as keeping your social network profiles private and making sure you don't add people you don't know or trust.
Published: Mon, 18/03/2013 - 18:21
Related links
Info for young people in the western balkans


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From Beaks to Genes: Chris Filardi on Island Birds and Biology main content.
by AMNH on
Chris Filardi is the director of Pacific Programs at the Museum'sCenter for Biodiversity and Conservation. He has spent his career studying island birds and their unique ecologies, from working with indigenous communities to conserve island ecosystems to tracking the foraging behavior of Palm Cockatoos. At the upcoming SciCafe on Wednesday, April 4, Filardi will talk about how the genomic revolution and increased access to islands have changed how these systems are studied. He recently answered a few questions about the role islands play in understanding speciation, or how new species arise.
How have island birds shaped modern biology?
Chris Filardi: Both Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace traveled to islands, and the birds they encountered inspired the biggest idea in modern biology: the theory of evolution by natural selection. Just as Einstein linked matter and energy, providing a central theorem for modern physics, understanding the origin of new life as the product of heritable natural variation, survival of the fittest, and time transformed all of the life sciences—a revolution grounded in observations of finches' beaks and the many-colored plumes of island birds.
Why are islands the best places to study speciation?
Filardi: Since islands are isolated and have relatively small, restricted geographies, their ecologies are simpler to understand. They aren't covered up in all the layers of interaction you see on continents. On islands, the machinery of evolution is more exposed than in any other context on Earth. Also, isolation releases organisms from the highly competitive communities they face on continents. And, in relative isolation, they can change wildly. For instance, if a parrot can get to an island without mammals, we know it can turn into something like a marmot, becoming flightless, big and chunky, wandering about very un-parrotlike on the ground. Bizarre island life has really strengthened our understanding of how competition and the struggle for ecological space influence diversity.
How has the genetic revolution transformed our understanding of island ecosystems?
Filardi: Genes enable something unimaginable to Darwin and Wallace: a lens back in time. By reconstructing the genealogical history among populations of organisms, modern molecular biology not only enables comparisons of similarities and differences across space, but also provides a window into patterns of speciation through time. That allows us to test for some of the exact mechanisms driving the initial stages of speciation. It was the stuff Darwin knew was happening but couldn't see.
What paradigm shifts in island biology have taken place within recent years?
Filardi: Island species used to be thought of as resulting from one-way colonization events by species from rich continental communities. Though often wonderfully strange or enchanting, island species were thought forever stuck on remote homes, unsuitable for return to competitively "full" continental ecosystems. The Museum's work on birds has shown that there is a give-and-take in island evolution, that island species are not evolutionary dead ends. They can backtrack to enrich continental diversity and are global engines of diversification in their own right.


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A lack of sponsorships has prompted organizers to cancel the annual celebrations just five years after Canada Day International — previously run by the government — was transferred to Rainmaker GBD, a Calgary business consulting firm.
"It's disappointing that we can't continue," said Chad Molleken of Regina, who first organized Canada Day in London for Rainmaker in 2009.
Molleken, who's no longer with the company, said the free events have attracted more than 600,000 people to date. They were so popular, he said, that they expanded to include New York City last year and were planned to reach Hong Kong this year.
But those plans were put on hold when two major sponsors — telecommunications giant BlackBerry (TSX:BB) and Nexen, an Alberta oil and gas company — said they would not contribute to the program this year.
Molleken's efforts to find new sponsors to fill the void were unsuccessful.
According to the Canadian Tourism Commission, Canada Day International was launched by the Canadian business community in London in 2005 before the federal agency "stepped in."
Though it eventually passed operations to Rainmaker, the commission remained involved and provided about $33,000 yearly.
The agency was among more than 25 sponsors this year, about 75 per cent of whom were still on board. But Molleken said the party cannot proceed without BlackBerry and Nexen, whose contributions comprise about one-third of last year's $1 million budget.
BlackBerry spokesman Adam Emery confirmed the firm did not renew its funding for celebrations in London this year. A spokeswoman for Nexen said the company redirected funding to initiatives that "more directly benefit the community," many of which are charities.
Lois Mitchell, chair of Canada Day International, said lack of sponsorships was not the only reason the events were cancelled this year. She said higher insurance costs and the loss of use of part of the Canadian High Commission, which is currently under renovation, also contributed to the decision, which has angered many Canadian expats.
Canada Day International's Facebook page for London has seen hundreds of comments on the cancellation.
"Last year, July 1, I had one of the most powerful moments of my time here in the U.K.," Brades Thompson posted. "I was so disheartened when I heard that there will be nothing official going on this year."
"NOOOO!!! Please do no do this, this brought me home when I'm not at home! This sucks!" Aqsa Saleem posted.
But some have also posted invitations to their own celebrations.
Mark Sultana, originally from Burlington, Ont., said he was organizing an event called Pop Up Canada Day at a bar in Trafalgar Square. The only act will be a one-man band — not nearly as attractive as the cancelled events, but he promises Canadian beer, Caesars and poutine.
"We were all wondering what to do when it was cancelled," Sultana said. "I wanted to find a venue that was as close to Trafalgar Square as possible so that we can at least have the spirit."
Also on HuffPost


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Let me give you a little background. I was born in Caracas, Venezuela, back in 1924. I just had my birthday. I'm 89 years old. I came to the United States in 1943, as an immigrant. My brother, 10 years my senior, Oscar, had been in the U.S. since 1931. My mother brought him here when he was 17 years old. At that time, my mother was a widow, he was not behaving, and so she put him into San Rafael Military Academy and then went back to Venezuela.
My mother remarried, and in 1935, we left Venezuela for Lithuania. My stepfather was Polish and he had a property in Lithuania, which turned out to be a huge castle, a very large place. We remained there for a couple years, and during those years, I learned how to speak and write Polish. In 1937, we left Lithuania and took a train to Hamburg, Germany. At that time, Germany had Hamburg-America lines traveling from Hamburg to Buenos Aires, Argentina. So we returned to Caracas for several years.
When I came to the United States at my brother's invitation, I knew I had a very good possibility of going into the Army. So as soon as I arrived, I volunteered for the Navy. They refused me because I was not a citizen, but the Army had no problem with that. I arrived in April 1943, and in August, I was actually in the Army at the Presidio of Monterey.
I had difficulties with the language, but I put myself through a program: I had to learn 20 new words a day, not only the meaning, but how to spell it. I went around the Presidio holding an English-Spanish, Spanish-English dictionary. At a certain point, I had to take an IQ test. This was something that was going to take three-and- a-half hours. I told the sergeant that I couldn't do it. My language wasn't good enough. He told me to try. So I went through the effort, leaving the essay questions blank. In 20 minutes, I was through. Everyone there thought I was a genius. Eventually, this came back to haunt me.
Learning English
After a while, I was transferred to a place up on the hill at the Presidio, where they had all the illiterates, the Oakies. I was one of them. I remember the sergeant discussing this with the captain. I remember him saying, "He's doing OK. He's doing all right." They were talking about discharging me because of my lack of English. And I'm glad they didn't. I didn't want to be discharged. I came to the United States with a lot of hopes, because I admired the country. The only country in the world that had an organization like the Red Cross, appearing everyplace in the world. So I wanted to become a citizen of the U.S. Later on, when I was transferred to Camp Roberts for my basic training, they asked me if I wanted to become a citizen, and I said yes. They took me to the courthouse in San Luis Obispo, and I became a citizen subject to honorable discharge from the service.
New door opens
In the course of my time at Camp Roberts, we used to do K.P. That began at 4 in the morning, and ended at 10 at night. During one of the times I was on K.P., the sergeant came over, and with him was a captain, who was also a chaplain. And the chaplain started talking to me. Later on, the sergeant said, "Follow the chaplain to his office."
The chaplain handed me a book in Spanish, and said, "Will you read this aloud?" So I read it. After two or three pages, he said, "You do speak well. Will you teach me to speak Spanish?" I said, "Chaplain, I'd be delighted."
In the course of this, we developed a pretty good friendship. One time, I told the chaplain that one of the things I didn't want was to wind up in the infantry, and the second thing I abhorred was the idea that I'd wind up in one of those islands in the Pacific. I'm familiar with jungles. I was in the jungles of Venezuela and they're no different than those islands in the Pacific. Lo and behold, when my 17 weeks of basic was over, and almost everyone else was ordered to Fort Ord, I was assigned to Fort Meade, Maryland, clear across the country.
Leaving for Europe
In March of 1944, we left New York. When we came out of the embarkation camp to the docks, I had not been issued an M-1 rifle. Everyone else had one. I'm marching along, and it was spotted. A lieutenant comes up and says, "Soldier, where is your weapon?" I said, "I was not issued one, sir." He hollered, "This man was not issued a weapon. Go get him one!"
There were 8,900 of us on the passenger ship that took us to England. If you think that each of us carried an average of $100 with us, there was nearly a million dollars on that ship. And gambling went on everywhere — craps, poker, blackjack, you name it. There were some guys who made a lot of money on that voyage. And there were some big winners who did not survive. They were conked on the head and tossed overboard. Some 20-odd soldiers who got on the ship never got off. The Army listed them as "missing at sea."
I was actually on a bivouac in Wales when D-Day started. I was a member of Company E of the second battalion of the 331st regiment of the 83rd division of the Army. We were put on trucks to Southampton, where there was a ship waiting for us, with engines running. The ship pulled out, and 10 or 20 minutes later, it stopped. I heard the anchor, and the ship began to rock.
Utah Beach
The next morning, we were in the staging area of the channel. Then came the landing craft, and the next day, we were at Utah Beach. The beachhead was secured. We relieved the 101st Airborne, which had been there the night before D-Day. I remember seeing 50 or 60 German prisoners of war on the beach, and thinking, "These guys don't look that tough."
So there we were, in Normandy. Normandy was protected by what Hitler called the Atlantic Wall. The Germans had been there for four years. So they had lines and lines of fortification. They had fields full of mines. And they had their artillery aimed at the roads. When we got to a crossroad, the artillery was deadly. They had the advantage of being in the defense. They were able to use camouflage. We didn't have camouflage. So the campaign in Normandy was vicious, and the casualties were outrageous. At the end of June, we reached a point where we were not gaining any territory. They were holding, even though we had total air control.
In the Army, we use the buddy system: I run forward, and my buddy watches for me. Then I get down, and he runs past me. We use this to advance. The first time we were in actual combat, I remember talking to my sergeant, and I said, "This M-1, I have never zeroed in." So this sergeant took me to a barn, and put some empty C-ration cans on a fence. My first shot hit the dirt at the bottom of the fence. I brought my sight up, and I was on target. I decided to give him a little show — I went boom, boom, boom, and all the cans fell. "Jesus Christ, you're a shot," the sergeant said. From then on, whenever we had a reconnaissance patrol, he would say, "I want Braun," and the two of us would take off.
No prisoners
Now when you went on a combat patrol, the briefing said that under no circumstances were you to take a prisoner. If a German surrenders to you, you kill him. Otherwise, you put the mission in jeopardy, because he is the enemy, and if he has a chance, he'll shoot you. In one of those combat patrols, we heard voices. Behind a barn were a German soldier and a woman. His pants were down, and his gun, a Mauser, was leaning against the wall. They were having sex.
She jumped up and started running. The sergeant immediately aimed at her. I said, "No, no, don't!" So he didn't. Meanwhile, the German was glancing over toward where his gun was, 10 feet away. So the sergeant said, "Shoot him, goddammit, shoot him!" The guy gets on his knees and says, "Nicht schiessen! Nicht schiessen!" The sergeant shouted, "Goddamit! Shoot him!" So I shot him, I emptied a clip, eight shots. I'll never forget. I felt like an assassin, killing in cold blood. In combat, you don't see that.
From the end of June to July 4, we pounded them with artillery, day and night, to soften them up. I never saw a German aircraft. Our mission was to capture ground beyond a swamp, and we were to do this during the night, to surprise the Germans. Starting at 3 a.m., the sky lit up with hundreds and hundreds of German flares, and then machine-gun fire. It was no surprise to them. They were anticipating our attack.
By the time we hit the opposite edge of the swamp, we were in a ditch. Our casualties were enormous. All we could hear was "Medic, medic, medic." The Germans pinned us down in the ditch. We were right next to their high ground, where they had fortifications. They were able to throw hand grenades on our backs. They were within 20 feet of our lines.
Call to surrender
Suddenly, the fire stopped, and a voice on the loudspeaker said, "Surrender or die." They said that three times, and they opened up fire again. The next time they stopped firing, and the voice said again, "Surrender or die." Our lieutenant said, "Guys, we don't stand a prayer. We're pinned down. We cannot go back. We cannot go forward. I'm surrendering." So he tied a handkerchief to his bayonet, and waved it.
Immediately, the Germans were right on top of us. I noticed they looked different. The difference was they had little short helmets. They were paratroopers that the army had put into infantry because their air force was no longer functioning. One of them had lived in New York for years, and came to Germany because his mother was quite ill. When his mother died, he wanted to come back to the U.S. They would not give him a visa, and they put him in the Army. I remember him saying, "You guys are lucky , because for you, the war has ended. You're going to a prisoner of war camp in Germany, but you don't have to fight anymore. We do. From that standpoint, you guys are lucky." I found out later on that the outfit that captured us was one of the elite outfits of the German army. They treated us with respect. One moment, we were killing each other. The next moment we were trading cigarettes. It was weird. When I looked back at the swamp, all I could see were bodies, all face down, covered with mud.
On the day I was captured, I was wounded. I think it was that day, because I don't know for a fact. The adrenaline was pumping like crazy. I was a prisoner for about 10 days, and I finally had the opportunity of washing myself. I tried to take my legging off, and I couldn't. I saw blood. I had a flesh wound behind the knee. It didn't touch the bone, and I didn't get an infection. And it just went away. I have a little scar there, but no consequences. I received a Purple Heart.
The Germans took us around different places in France. Eventually, we were taken to a city called Chartres. They had a prisoner of war camp where all the prisoners were black. I couldn't figure out where and how. When Germany invaded Morocco, they were captured there, and they were now in occupied France, according to the Geneva agreement. In fact, we brought thousands of Germans to the U.S., and we were being taken to Germany.
About three days after I was captured, we were in an apple orchard. Unfortunately, the apples were green, but we were eating them anyway. They did damage to our system. This SS captain, with a jet-black uniform, came to interrogate us. He took me to the side on the grassy field. He said to me, after I gave my name, rank and serial number, "Your English is quite poor. You're not really an American. You don't speak English well enough. Where did you learn? I detect a Spanish accent."
He said, "I'm going to ask you some questions. I know the answers. If you lie to me, I'm going to declare you a Spanish saboteur impersonating an American soldier, and you're going to a concentration camp, rather than a military prisoner of war camp. You are the 83rd infantry division," he says. "I want to know, which regiment?"
I said to him, "I have been given instructions, that in the event that I was to be captured by you people, that I was to tell you my name, rank and serial number, and nothing else." He looked at me. Then I said, "Suppose it was the other way around, and I would ask you questions that you had been told not to answer. What would you say?" Again, he looked at me, and he reached for a knapsack, and I said to myself, "Oh damn, that's it." He pulled out a roughed-up sandwich and gave me half of it and walked away. It was cheese — it tasted like a stinky Limburg.
POW train
When we got to the railroad station, we saw a line of box cars. On top of each box car was a German soldier with a rifle. They began to load us into these boxcars. Each car had "40 men" written in French on the side. Between 80 and 100 of us were squeezed into each car. They had straw on the floor, and two garbage cans. And they packed us in. It was total darkness except for little cracks letting in some daylight. It was a very warm day, July of 1944. We got hotter and hotter, from body heat, and heat from the outside. We were shoulder to shoulder. When I got into the box car, I got into a corner before anybody else. I just wanted a corner. We bundled down. We were in that box car for three days and three nights without water or food before we got to Heidelberg. I remember telling a friend, "These bastards, they're not going to get us."
When we got to Heidelberg, the tracks were down low, and people were way up high. And that whole area was full of German civilians. When they opened the box cars, a stench came out. There was a process where they were looking at us. I saw a German officer — the very-high ranking officers are the only ones who can have red in their uniform — and he was intensely looking at us just to see what we looked like. We were filthy, stinky, horrible. They gave us water but no food. Then they cleaned the cars, put empty cans in there, more straw, and then we were packed back into the box cars. Two more days without food or water before we came out. If I had not been 19 years old, I would never have made it.
When we got to Moosburg, Germany, there was a huge men's POW camp. I met British soldiers who were captured at Dunkirk. They had the run of the camp. They had a PX, they had big boards where every item was listed, including Hershey chocolate bars. The price was in cigarettes, because that was the currency.
We were processed there, and they gave us German dog tags. Mine was 81-817. I saw my picture, and I would give anything to have a copy of it. I couldn't believe it was me. We were in Moosburg for about a week, and then they transported us by train to Dresden. This time they were using regular civilian transportation. I remember that trip through the countryside. I saw cows, white fences, and green grass. I said to myself, "Is there a war going on?"'
When we got to Dresden, we had quite a walk through town. I had never seen such a beautiful city in my life. It was September 1944. The Elbe River separated parts of the city. They had bridges that started back with the Romans, and the cathedral was magnificent. There were fruit trees all over the streets — apples, pears. It was clean, immaculate, not a match on the sidewalk. We were put in this basement of this place, and our bedding — I've never seen anything like it. They put us in these shelf-like containers, four or five men at once. There were approximately 50 of us from different places. I'm a little claustrophobic, and it was like a tomb.
Then we were taken to the outskirts of Dresden, where they were constructing a building for POWs. Each of us had a bunk bed, a burlap mattress full of straw, and a pillow. We had a couple of pot-bellied stoves, which we used in winter for our heat. We had to work six days a week about 10 hours a day in construction. We did everything, from digging trenches, to pouring the concrete for the foundation, and installing concrete blocks for the walls.
The construction site was next to a brick factory. We had a civilian, named Otto Krueger, who was in charge of the whole thing. He was a high-tempered individual, a big burly guy. Occasionally, we had to bring bricks in, there was a line formed. He always saw that the bricks were recently baked, and they were hot. If you dropped a brick, he would come in, take his Luger out, cock it, put it to your forehead, and say, "If you drop another brick, I shoot your head off."
I heard more about Krueger later. After the war, I was married with my first child in San Francisco. I came home from work one day and my wife said, "There were two men looking for you. They said they'd come back." They came back and identified themselves as CIA, or whatever. They asked me about Otto Krueger. I said, yes, I knew him. They said, "Tell us about him," and so I told them. They had Otto Krueger in Nuremberg, and they wanted to know if I would testify. I told them I just had a baby, and I could not leave my wife. So they excused me. I couldn't imagine going back.
We were got to the so-called Arbeits-Kommando in September 1944, they asked us if we could speak German. None of us could. None of them could speak English. So they went around and asked, "Polish?" and I raised my hand. One of the guards who came from the German-Polish border was bilingual. So I became the spokesman. I was interviewed In December 1944, by the people in the Red Cross. They took my name, so on and so forth. All this time, my family knew only that I was missing in action. But the Red Cross item said, "Private Alejandro Braun, Dresden," so my family knew I was a POW.
Now we were fed once a day. It was a bowl of soup, with a little flour, a few little vegetables, and one slice of bread with margarine. That was it. No other food. At the time I was captured, my weight was 145 pounds. At the end, I weighed 89 pounds." When I found the Americans again in Leipzig, I can remember a sergeant saying, "Jesus Christ, you look like a goddamn skeleton."
I'll tell you what I know about the Dresden bombing. In February of 1945, the lights went on in our barracks about 10 p.m. one night. The Germans took us into an air-raid shelter that we had built ourselves, essentially a big tunnel. The raids always began with a siren, back and forth. The sound was like a wind — shuuuh and then explosions. But it was not normal explosions, it was a different sound.
We didn't know what it was until about 3 in the morning, when there was a lull. When we came out, I couldn't believe my eyes. Everywhere you looked, there were horrendous flames, three or four or five stories tall. The whole city was on fire. The casualties were horrendous. Later, we dug out dead bodies in the downtown area. We put them into wagons, pulled by horses, and took them to a cemetery, where they had common graves.
At a nunnery
We went to a Catholic nunnery, where the air-raid shelter had received a direct hit. The door to the shelter was jammed from the inside. There was no way to open it. We crawled into the ventilating system, into the shelter, and went to work opening the door. Afterward, the nuns asked the guards, and they agreed, to give us soup. We had places in their dining room, where they served us. The soup had little pieces of meat, they were red, and we had just seen portions of bodies that looked like that. I remember saying to myself, "Don't be stupid, you need the food, eat it, it's good." I did. I ate it all. Walking out of the place, I threw up. I couldn't handle it.
In April in Dresden, when Roosevelt died, the Germans turned the lights on. They were jumping up and down, up and down, saying "We won the war." We said "Why?" They said, "Roosevelt is dead, Roosevelt is dead." They couldn't understand why we were not sorry. We kept asking questions. Who's the vice president? Eventually, someone came up and said Truman. And one guy says, "Who the hell is Truman?"
On the 30th of April, we got news that the Russians had broken through at Breslau. There was a mass moving of prisoners out of Dresden. We headed south to a little town called Hellendorf. In Hellendorf, the Germans came to us to make a deal. If we would cooperate with them, they will take us to the American lines. They knew Patton's army was coming in from Czechoslovakia to the north. Of course, we agreed. What was there not to agree to? Russian strafing
In those days, the roads were filled with hundreds of refugees, some going one way, some another. The Russian airplanes strafed them for the fun of it. The first time it happened, it happened so fast, I remember falling down and holding on to a weed until they passed. When they came back, I remember running to the side, and this old woman passed me. She was running faster than I was. From then on, I stayed on the side, I wouldn't go back to the road.
A German on a motorcycle kept coming back to give us a report. Eventually, he said, there's no way, the Russians are everywhere, and they brought us back to Hellendorf and put us into this barn.
The next day, in the morning, we found out there was no lock on the doors, and there were no guards. The word was out that the Russians were coming. So we set up on the side of the road, with a military formation and an American flag and British flag made out of paper. Then the Russians began to come — their equipment all American, with only a red star. They shouted at us, "Amerikanski, Amerikanski, tovarisch," So we shouted back, "Russki!"
They came in that day, that night, the next day. It never ended. As they came, they occupied the area. At night, women were screaming all over the place. In the morning, you'd see bodies of men with their pockets inside out. The Russians could do anything they wanted. I remember thinking, "These are not the allies that we're looking for." I talked to the guys and said, "I don't like this. And I don't want to end up in Siberia. I understand our lines are in Leipzig, and I'm leaving in the morning. One other guy went with me.
We went back through Dresden, and the Russian soldiers pulled us out and took us to headquarters. At headquarters was an individual who was Stalin's man, a member of the party, educated, with perfect English. Where in the U.S. are you from?" he asked. I said, "San Francisco." "Oh, San Francisco," he responded, "The city of the Golden Gate."
He asked me where I was going, and I said, "Leipzig. I understand the American lines are there." He said, "That's correct. But I want to warn you. There are isolated pockets of SS that have not surrendered. If they capture you, they will kill you. So why don't you accept our hospitality? We will take you by rail to Odessa on the Black Sea, and we'll put you on a ship to take you into the Mediterranean. Have a vacation on the Soviet Union."
Very politely, I said, "Thank you, thank you for a very nice offer. But I'm desperate to go home and the quickest possible way is to go to Leipzig. I don't want any more war. I just want to go home."
Headed home
At night, I would knock on the door of a German farm house and say, "Amerikanischer Kriegsgefangener! I need food, Essen." And they were delighted to have me as a guest. Why? We were releasing Russian prisoners, and they were raising hell. To the Germans, we were welcome.
A day or two before I reached Leipzig, a German family welcomed me. On the back porch, they set up a table — a farmer, his wife, a couple of kids. Then three Russians arrived, and they went into the chicken corral. Each came out with a chicken. They demanded that the farmer cook it. So he got up and prepared the chickens in a big washbasin. They put it in the ground, reaching over to eat with their hands. One of them kept looking at the porch, saying "kultura, kultura," because we were eating with forks and knives. He meant "culture," because of the way we were eating.
I haven't gotten over the cruelty of the Nazi party. What I saw, what they did to the Jews, was unbelievable, unbelievable. I saw incredible things in Germany. Once we were on the railroad yard, unloading sugar beets, and next to our place was a train with boxcars. We saw a line of women and children extend for a block. About mid-morning, 10 or so, they opened the doors of the boxcars, and they begin to distribute clothing. We were right there. They had shoes of kids, with scuffs, but they were cleaned and sized. You knew that these things came from another kid. A woman would know that, but they were accepting them. They had no other choice. They were forced to accept it. If it was discovered they had been listening to a broadcast, like BBC, the Nazis would put them into a jail. Sometimes the kids would turn in the parents.
I saw a place, a small working place in Dresden, where they worked over people to death. These workers could not move anymore. But their eyes, they were still seeing. They were actually dead, but they had not expired yet. They starved them to death. I can't believe the cruelty.
Safe again
When we got to Leipzig, the MPs picked me up and took us to MP headquarters. That night, they showed me a bed. I saw a bathroom with a bathtub. It was past chow time, but the MP brought me bread and butter and cheese and ham and salami. It was a feast. Then he says, "Soldier, what can I do for you?" I said, "I want to take a bath." He said, "No problem." He had a liberated Polish worker bring in buckets of hot water and filled the tub. I had real soap, and you have no idea what that means in comparison to the Germans' soap.
They flew me from Leipzig to Rheims, in France. There was a hospital there. I was seen by doctors and nurses, and to me, they were angels. I've never seen such a beautiful sight as these young nurses. I was full of lice. They deloused me, they gave me showers, they shampooed my head. I was issued all new clothes, everything. I had a haircut, a shave, and a manicure. Then a hospital train took me to Le Havre. There was a camp there called Camp Lucky Strike, where they housed RAMPS, or recovered alive military personnel.
Eisenhower came to see us there, and said "We would like you to be our guest in London or Paris, your choice, at one of the best hotels. Everything is on the house." I didn't do it. I wanted to go home. There was a ship there, and I took it. It left exactly on D-Day plus a year, the 6th day of June 1945. We didn't get to Virginia until the 18th. Twelve days in the ocean. Why? The boilers of the ship kept screwing up. It was a broken down ship, but we got there.
— Mercury News


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Welcome to TalkEmount.com—a friendly Sony E-mount camera & photography discussion forum!If you are thinking of buying a camera or need help with your photos, you will find our forum members full of advice! Click here to join for free!
Travel with Luminar 3
Discussion in 'Scenic, Architecture, and Travel' started by chalkdust, Jun 13, 2019.


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Thanks to new research and a growing demand for biofuels, farmers may soon be able to use modified land to grow a new cash crop, switchgrass.
Right now, a project led by Brian K. Richards, a Cornell researcher in biological and environmental engineering, is examining the long-term sustainability impacts of growing perennial grasses on marginal lands. One challenge that work is taking head-on: how to control one byproduct of growing switchgrass on marginal land – nitrous oxide, an ozone depleting gas.
The promise of switchgrass is that it grows well on marginal soils that are too poor to support most conventional agricultural crops. It poses little erosion risk and offers a high net energy return.
But in many cases those soils are regarded as marginal because they are wetter than prime agricultural soils, says Richards. Wet soils are more prone to a process called denitrification, in which nitrate from fertilizer is converted back to gaseous forms – primarily inert nitrogen, which comprises the bulk of our atmosphere. However, a small percentage ends up as nitrous oxide, which has been steadily increasing in the atmosphere and is considered a primary threat to the ozone layer.
For the energy industry, researchers need to discover how to minimize potential nitrous oxide emissions as the amount of land devoted to bioenergy production increases.
On Cornell's crop research fields, Richards and his team are using soil chambers to test for emissions of nitrous oxide and other trace gases emanating from the soil. Throughout the growing season, they have tested acres of switchgrass and expect their first results by later this year. They are also measuring crop yields and tracking beneficial changes in soil carbon storage and overall soil health.
Under the federal Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, the United States must increase the volume of renewable fuel – chiefly ethanol – to be blended into transportation fuel to 36 billion gallons by 2022, up from 9 billion gallons in 2008, of which 21 billion gallons will be non-corn-derived ethanol.
Richards' research is funded the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Sustainable Bioenergy program.


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Marching bands at Cape Coral and Mariner high schools have joined forces for the first time in a fundraising effort for a combined trip to the national Memorial Day Parade in Washington, D.C.
Nominated by U.S. Representative Trey Raydel last May, Cape High band director Stacey Green received the formal invitation from the parade committee to represent the state of Florida on their march down historic Constitution Avenue.
"It's a really big thing for the two schools to join forces," said Green. "As far as I know, neither school has sent a band to this event before. We need to raise about $68,000 to take 80 band members to the parade and we have raised about $8,000 of that so far."
The bands' next fundraising effort is a Dine & Dance for D.C. event next Wednesday at the Cape Coral Yacht Club ballroom. Doors open at 6 p.m. with a pasta dinner being served at 6:30, followed by dancing to the tunes of the swing era.
The Jazz Bands from both schools will perform with Cape's Hawkette Dancers leading the swing dancing and joined by patrons.
"We had one fundraiser rained out, but we have three events scheduled so far," said Green.
Funds are being raised with the Move For Music 5K race scheduled for March 22 and a wristband sale at Mike Greenwell's Bat-A-Ball and Family Fun Park on April 26.
Green said if the fundraising comes up short, the students will have to pay the difference out of their own pocket.
"For some individuals the cost might be too much for them to afford," said Green. "Of course, donations to the band are always welcome."
Cape Coral Rotary North stepped up to help the cause with a $2,000 donation.
Tickets to the Dine & Dance for D.C. are available in advance through the band directors as well as at the door of the event. Tickets are $30 for a couple or $20 per person.
For more information or to purchase tickets contact Green at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Tuesday, May 31, 2005
Announcing The Summer of Code
We're very excited to launch our newest initiative, the Summer of Code. This program aims to help students enter into the world of Open Source software development. This Summer, allow Google to help you hone your skills on real problems with real programmers. Return to school with some real experience under your belt and some cash in your wallet. By working with some of the most important organizations and foundations in Open Source we think we've put together a program that benefits Open Source, students and computer science. Read more about it and consider taking part!
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First of all, there are two main links that you can use to access it:
- The link to the API of the latest Scala release, and
- The link to the nightly Scala build of the next Scala version
So, what else is there to say? Well, if you are new to Scala, a lot. Those familiar with the Java equivalent probably find it both familiar and strange: the screen is divided into left and right sections, the right section having description of classes and packages, while the left contains a list of them. Whereas Java splits package and class lists, however, Scala does not. And, of course, the look is completely different. These, however, are skin-deep differences, and I want to get to the bones of the matter.
One Doc, Two Frames
The first thing I want you to notice are the two search boxes: one on the left, at the very top of the page, and one on the right, a bit lower. Scaladoc is search-oriented! That means you usually don't browse it, looking for stuff, but just type what you want. You can still browse, of course, which is useful when you don't know what you are looking for.
On the left side you have the package hierarchy and classes, traits and objects belonging to the packages. Note that classes, traits and objects can be members of other classes traits and objects, in which case they won't appear on the left.
The right side contains information about a selected package, trait, class or object. The URL will change to match what is being displayed on the right side of the screen, so that you can easily bookmark or share links to specific class or object. At the present, there's no way to further refer to a member of a class, such as a specific method. This improvement will be added at some point in the future.
Typically, you'll search or browse for a class on the left side of the screen, and then browse its contents on the left, or further search for a particular member of that class.
The Left Frame
Let's drill down the left side, then, to get a better understanding of what's there and how to use it. At the top of the left frame, you'll see this:
Topmost is the search box, with a little "x" icon on the right hand to clear the search. Searching for something will hide any traits, objects and classes that don't match, as well as any packages that don't have any matching members.
Right below that is an index of all existing methods. Click on a letter and you'll get all methods starting with that letter, and the places they are defined at. Click on the hash symbol (#), and you'll get a page with all methods starting with a symbol instead of a letter. For example:
Finally, you have a small caption saying "display packages only". Surprisingly, that's a clickable option. In fact, ScalaDoc is full of clickable parts, so if you are getting familiar with it, my advice is to try to click stuff, just to see what happens. Back to that caption, though, it switches the package hierarchy from displaying all entities to displaying packages only. Clicking it will give you something like this:
If you click on "show" on one of these packages, it will open up that particular package. If you click on "display all entities", it will revert to the initial mode of display.
Speaking of "show", let's now look at the various parts of the entities list:
The darker background indicates package or package objects, and the entities on the lighter background right below it are the classes, objects and traits belonging to that package, as indicated by the icons on their left. Note that, though package objects have other members such as methods, they do not appear on the left frame of Scaladoc.
The icons for "o", "c" and "t", in dark blue, green and light blue respectively, indicate objects, classes and traits. A name can be shared between an object and a trait or class, as seen for Regex above. Traits and classes cannot share the same name, however, so each name will have at most two icons beside it.
If you are not familiar with Scala, an object is a singleton, containing what, in Java, would be represented as static.
One thing to realize here is that everything in that image is clickable, except whitespace. You can click on "scala.util.matching" and "scala.util.parsing.combinator", on "hide" and "focus", on "Regex" and "RegexParsers", and on the icons.
Clicking on a package name will show its traits, classes and objects on the right frame, unless the package is a package object, in which case the right frame will show the other members it might have. This is important because many package objects contain implicit definitions used as helpers with that package. Check, for instance, scala.sys.process.
Clicking on "hide" will hide the entities belonging to that particular package, but not any subpackage that might exist. The text will then change to "show", which will revert this action upon being clicked.
Clicking on "focus" will hide all other packages from view, like this:
Clicking on the "x" icon that appears will revert this action.
Clicking on an icon for object, class or trait will show information for it on the right frame, as will clicking on the text itself. If an object shares a name with a trait or class, however, clicking on the text will show not the object, but the class or trait, following the assumption that this is what people want most of the time.
On recent ScalaDoc versions, clicking on an entity will also move the focus to the search box on the right frame, so that you can instantly type
The Right Frame
To begin the discussion of the right, I picked GenSeq, which is rich enough in ScalaDoc UI components, but (relatively) poor enough in actual content to fit in here.
You may have wondered why the search box is not at the top on the right frame, like it is on the left. The reason for it is our starting point in explaining the right frame.
The right frame is divided in three parts, the topmost two being shown above. The first part contains general information about the selected entity, and it comprises everything from the top until right before the search box. The second part starts with the search box, and is comprised of everything in that gray background. This part contains display options that affect the third part of the right frame. The third part contains all members of the selected entity, with individual information for each one.
From the top, then, we have a green or blue background (the former for traits and classes, the latter for objects, packages and package objects) on which the name of the entity is prominently displayed. A big icon beside it indicates what kind of entity it is: t for traits, c for classes, o for objects and p for packages and package objects alike.
If the icon is slightly folded on the bottom, like the one in the example, clicking on it (or the entity name) will switch the right frame to the companion of that entity. If you are not familiar with Scala, objects, traits and classes that share a name are said to be companions to each other. Clicking on the GenSeq trait above, then, will display the GenSeq object.
In a smaller font above the entity name is the full path to that entity. Clicking on a path component will display that component.
After that, in a gray background, comes a description of all classes, traits and type parameters used in the definition of that entity. It does not list classes or traits that are inherited -- that is available further below. Not to sound too repetitive, but clicking on any of the classes and traits will display it... Also, moving the mouse over one of these names will show the full path for that name.
What follows is the full description and attributes associated with that entity. I deliberately choose one extremely poor in those, so that I could concentrate on what ScalaDoc provides. One of those things is the link to the source code in which that entity is defined. Not all Scala projects provide that attribute, but Scala API itself does. The link currently points to the web interface to the old Subversion repository -- I presume this will be switched to the new repository on Github in the near future. At any rate, all niceties of source version control systems are available on that link. For the Scala API, anyway.
"Linear Supertypes" and "Known Subclasses" at the bottom of this part can be expanded upon click, to display the exact linearization of an entity's supertypes -- the inheritance precedence -- and all known subclasses. For example, for List it will show this:
Also shown above is the tool tip indicating the full path of one of the supertypes being pointed at, just like mentioned above for entity declaration.
Let's now look at the second part of the right frame:
The search box works pretty much like the one on the left frame, hiding anything that isn't a match, but it includes descriptions on the search as well. Search for a verb, therefore, will often yield good results, unless the verb is too general.
One particularly nice feature, available on recent versions, is that typing multiple words will search for matches of any one of the words, which makes it easy to display two methods close together on the screen.
All other options below the search box also change the way things are shown in the third part. The default Ordering mode, Alphabetic, will display all non-private members of an entity, separated in categories which we'll shown below, in alphabetical order. This is different than Java, which only shows full information for members defined or overridden on that class/interface.
Clicking "By inheritance" will change the display mode to separate the members according to where it was last defined/overridden. Full information will still be displayed, and the members will still be shown in alphabetical order in their own section.
The Inherited options let you easily filter out inherited methods. Clicking on "Hide All" will toggle off all supertypes, leaving only the entity itself selected. This will hide methods that are not abstract, defined or overridden on the entity. For GenSeq, for example only two methods will be displayed: seq and companion.
Note that clicking on "Show all" will not select AnyVal, AnyRef or Any. Because the methods defined on these are available on pretty much everything, one rarely needs to see these methods.
Because many times you might be interested in a particular aspect of an entity, you can also toggle each supertype individually. You can do so to display the methods on Any, for example, or you could look into what Function1 has to offer to List.
The last option, Visibility, will toggle between displaying only public members and everything except private members.
The last part of the right frame, as mentioned, contains all members of that entity. These are divided into type members and value members. A type member is a trait, a class or a type, and value members are everything else. For example, the object Regex contains this:
Note that anything that shows up as a type member of anything but a package will not be displayed on the left frame, even though you can display it on the right frame by clicking on a link to it.
Value members are actually divided in three separate sections: abstract value members, concrete value members and deprecated value members. These are shown in that precise order, so that one can easily see all members that must be implemented to make a concrete class, and don't get the screen polluted by methods they shouldn't be using -- deprecated methods -- when browsing.
Let's look at some important points of value member definitions. The snapshot below was taken from a List with members filtered by "map":
By default, only a member's definition and the first sentence of its description are shown, like method groupBy above. Clicking on either the small arrow on the left or on the definition itself will show the full information for that member, as seen in the two definitions for map.
Since Scala supports method overload, methods can have multiple definitions. In this particular case, however, the first definition is not a real one -- this is indicated by the [use case] tag. It is important to understand what use cases are, for two reasons: first, they represent the most common way to use the method, and, second, they are lies. Well-meaning lies, but lies.
Compare the definition of the two map methods shown. Clearly, the second definition has a lot going on, whereas the first definition is pretty clear: on a List[A] (see definition for List), the map method takes a function that converts an A into a B, and returns a List[B].
Though that definition works very fine for List, the map method is not defined on List, but much higher on the hierarchy. And what works for List won't work for a BitSet, for example: since a BitSet is a Set[Int], if you map those Int into String, you won't be able to return a BitSet! After all, a BitSet cannot be a Set[String]. The same thing happens in other cases: a WrappedString is a Seq[Char], a Map[A, B] is a Iterable[Tuple2[A, B]] (aka Iterable[(A, B)]), etc. In any of these cases, a map definition like in the use case won't work.
So the actual definition of map is the second one, which can handle all of these cases. If you need precise information about map -- for example, if you are extended Scala collections -- you can look it up. On the other hand, if you just want to know how a method is used, the use case should be much easier to understand.
Most of the remaining information is pretty obvious: a description follows, and then various attributes describing how parameters are supposed to be used, what the return type is, etc.
The final interesting thing here is the Definition Classes shown below each method. This only appears when a method has been inherited from elsewhere, and it indicates both where it was originally declared (which might have been as abstract), and all places where it was overridden, ie, the implementation has been changed.
And this concludes the tutorial on using the Scala API documentation, as well as the docs for any other library written in Scala. Looking back, it is much longer (and took much more time to write) than I first thought. Yet, rest assured that using ScalaDoc becomes second nature very fast!


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One of my many beauty obsessions is minimizing my pores, I won't be satisfied until my skin looks like cake fondant. Two Birchboxes ago I received Masqueology's Pore Minimizing Mask and thought two things: 1) why isn't it called a "masque"? and 2) omg this looks kind of amazeballs.
I danced into the bathroom, slipped the mask out and applied it ever so carefully. It wasn't easy, because the mask was super heavy and had these weird tabs where the eye, nose, and mouth cut-outs were placed. Then I looked up and saw my reflection…
Did it work to magically shrink my pores? I have no idea.
Did it allow me to scare my dog and chase him around the yard? You betcha.


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Version 1.0 of MeeGo, the open source Linux project which merges Intel's Moblin with Nokia's Maemo is now available for developers to download at MeeGo.com. The MeeGo v1.0 Core Software Platform Features include:
- Kernel based on 2.6.33
- DeviceKit and udev for interacting with hardware devices
- Modern 2D / 3D graphics stack including Kernel Mode Setting, non-root X
- Voice and data connectivity with Connman connection manager, Ofono telephony stack and BlueZ Bluetooth
- Qt 4.6
- Universal Plug and Play (gUPnP)
- Media frameworks
- Next generation file system BTRFS, as the default file system
The following MeeGo v1.0 images are available for download:
- MeeGo v1.0 for Netbooks (includes the full MeeGo v1.0 Netbook user experience) supports Intel Atom-based Netbooks. More details can be found in the Netbook release notes.
- MeeGo v1.0 core software platform for the Nokia N900 . More details can be found in the Core release notes.
Currently, the MeeGo SDK is focused on Netbooks, but the next version of the MeeGo SDK, an early developer release in June, will support touch-based devices, such as Handsets and Tablets.


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Find Your Perfect Home.
Marquette Real Estate
Marquette is located in Michigan. Marquette, Michigan has a population of 21,297. Marquette is less family-centric than the surrounding county with 25.05% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 27.27%.
The median household income in Marquette, Michigan is $35,719. The median household income for the surrounding county is $45,066 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Marquette is 28.7 years.
Marquette Weather
The average high temperature in July is 74.5 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 12.5 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 32.8 inches per year, with inches of snow per year.
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