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Nucleic acid
Nucleic acid, naturally occurring chemical compound that is capable of being broken down to yield phosphoric acid, sugars, and a mixture of organic bases (purines and pyrimidines). Nucleic acids are the main information-carrying molecules of the cell, and, by directing the process of protein synthesis, they determine the inherited characteristics of every living thing. The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the master blueprint for life and constitutes the genetic material in all free-living organisms and most viruses. RNA is the genetic material of certain viruses, but it is also found in all living cells, where it plays an important role in certain processes such as the making of proteins.
This article covers the chemistry of nucleic acids, describing the structures and properties that allow them to serve as the transmitters of genetic information. For a discussion of the genetic code, see heredity, and for a discussion of the role played by nucleic acids in protein synthesis, see metabolism.
Nucleotides: building blocks of nucleic acids
Basic structure
Nucleic acids are polynucleotides—that is, long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen-containing aromatic base attached to a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, which is in turn attached to a phosphate group. Each nucleic acid contains four of five possible nitrogen-containing bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U). A and G are categorized as purines, and C, T, and U are collectively called pyrimidines. All nucleic acids contain the bases A, C, and G; T, however, is found only in DNA, while U is found in RNA. The pentose sugar in DNA (2′-deoxyribose) differs from the sugar in RNA (ribose) by the absence of a hydroxyl group (―OH) on the 2′ carbon of the sugar ring. Without an attached phosphate group, the sugar attached to one of the bases is known as a nucleoside. The phosphate group connects successive sugar residues by bridging the 5′-hydroxyl group on one sugar to the 3′-hydroxyl group of the next sugar in the chain. These nucleoside linkages are called phosphodiester bonds and are the same in RNA and DNA.
Biosynthesis and degradation
Nucleotides are synthesized from readily available precursors in the cell. The ribose phosphate portion of both purine and pyrimidine nucleotides is synthesized from glucose via the pentose phosphate pathway. The six-atom pyrimidine ring is synthesized first and subsequently attached to the ribose phosphate. The two rings in purines are synthesized while attached to the ribose phosphate during the assembly of adenine or guanine nucleosides. In both cases the end product is a nucleotide carrying a phosphate attached to the 5′ carbon on the sugar. Finally, a specialized enzyme called a kinase adds two phosphate groups using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the phosphate donor to form ribonucleoside triphosphate, the immediate precursor of RNA. For DNA, the 2′-hydroxyl group is removed from the ribonucleoside diphosphate to give deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate. An additional phosphate group from ATP is then added by another kinase to form a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, the immediate precursor of DNA.
During normal cell metabolism, RNA is constantly being made and broken down. The purine and pyrimidine residues are reused by several salvage pathways to make more genetic material. Purine is salvaged in the form of the corresponding nucleotide, whereas pyrimidine is salvaged as the nucleoside.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
DNA is a polymer of the four nucleotides A, C, G, and T, which are joined through a backbone of alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar residues. These nitrogen-containing bases occur in complementary pairs as determined by their ability to form hydrogen bonds between them. A always pairs with T through two hydrogen bonds, and G always pairs with C through three hydrogen bonds. The spans of A:T and G:C hydrogen-bonded pairs are nearly identical, allowing them to bridge the sugar-phosphate chains uniformly. This structure, along with the molecule's chemical stability, makes DNA the ideal genetic material. The bonding between complementary bases also provides a mechanism for the replication of DNA and the transmission of genetic information.
Chemical structure
In 1953 James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick proposed a three-dimensional structure for DNA based on low-resolution X-ray crystallographic data and on Erwin Chargaff's observation that, in naturally occurring DNA, the amount of T equals the amount of A and the amount of G equals the amount of C. Watson and Crick, who shared a Nobel Prize in 1962 for their efforts, postulated that two strands of polynucleotides coil around each other, forming a double helix. The two strands, though identical, run in opposite directions as determined by the orientation of the 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester bond. The sugar-phosphate chains run along the outside of the helix, and the bases lie on the inside, where they are linked to complementary bases on the other strand through hydrogen bonds.
The double helical structure of normal DNA takes a right-handed form called the B-helix. The helix makes one complete turn approximately every 10 base pairs. B-DNA has two principal grooves, a wide major groove and a narrow minor groove. Many proteins interact in the space of the major groove, where they make sequence-specific contacts with the bases. In addition, a few proteins are known to make contacts via the minor groove.
Several structural variants of DNA are known. In A-DNA, which forms under conditions of high salt concentration and minimal water, the base pairs are tilted and displaced toward the minor groove. Left-handed Z-DNA forms most readily in strands that contain sequences with alternating purines and pyrimidines. DNA can form triple helices when two strands containing runs of pyrimidines interact with a third strand containing a run of purines.
B-DNA is generally depicted as a smooth helix; however, specific sequences of bases can distort the otherwise regular structure. For example, short tracts of A residues interspersed with short sections of general sequence result in a bent DNA molecule. Inverted base sequences, on the other hand, produce cruciform structures with four-way junctions that are similar to recombination intermediates. Most of these alternative DNA structures have only been characterized in the laboratory, and their cellular significance is unknown.
Biological structures
Naturally occurring DNA molecules can be circular or linear. The genomes of single-celled bacteria and archaea (the prokaryotes), as well as the genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts (certain functional structures within the cell), are circular molecules. In addition, some bacteria and archaea have smaller circular DNA molecules called plasmids that typically contain only a few genes. Many plasmids are readily transmitted from one cell to another. For a typical bacterium, the genome that encodes all of the genes of the organism is a single contiguous circular molecule that contains a half million to five million base pairs. The genomes of most eukaryotes and some prokaryotes contain linear DNA molecules called chromosomes. Human DNA, for example, consists of 23 pairs of linear chromosomes containing three billion base pairs.
In all cells, DNA does not exist free in solution but rather as a protein-coated complex called chromatin. In prokaryotes, the loose coat of proteins on the DNA helps to shield the negative charge of the phosphodiester backbone. Chromatin also contains proteins that control gene expression and determine the characteristic shapes of chromosomes. In eukaryotes, a section of DNA between 140 and 200 base pairs long winds around a discrete set of eight positively charged proteins called a histone, forming a spherical structure called the nucleosome. Additional histones are wrapped by successive sections of DNA, forming a series of nucleosomes like beads on a string. Transcription and replication of DNA is more complicated in eukaryotes because the nucleosome complexes have to be at least partially disassembled for the processes to proceed effectively.
Most prokaryote viruses contain linear genomes that typically are much shorter and contain only the genes necessary for viral propagation. Bacterial viruses called bacteriophages (or phages) may contain both linear and circular forms of DNA. For instance, the genome of bacteriophage λ (lambda), which infects the bacterium Escherichia coli, contains 48,502 base pairs and can exist as a linear molecule packaged in a protein coat. The DNA of phage λ can also exist in a circular form (as described in the section Site-specific recombination) that is able to integrate into the circular genome of the host bacterial cell. Both circular and linear genomes are found among eukaryotic viruses, but they more commonly use RNA as the genetic material.
Biochemical properties
The strands of the DNA double helix are held together by hydrogen bonding interactions between the complementary base pairs. Heating DNA in solution easily breaks these hydrogen bonds, allowing the two strands to separate—a process called denaturation or melting. The two strands may reassociate when the solution cools, reforming the starting DNA duplex—a process called renaturation or hybridization. These processes form the basis of many important techniques for manipulating DNA. For example, a short piece of DNA called an oligonucleotide can be used to test whether a very long DNA sequence has the complementary sequence of the oligonucleotide embedded within it. Using hybridization, a single-stranded DNA molecule can capture complementary sequences from any source. Single strands from RNA can also reassociate. DNA and RNA single strands can form hybrid molecules that are even more stable than double-stranded DNA. These molecules form the basis of a technique that is used to purify and characterize messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules corresponding to single genes.
Ultraviolet absorption
DNA melting and reassociation can be monitored by measuring the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light at a wavelength of 260 nanometres (billionths of a metre). When DNA is in a double-stranded conformation, absorption is fairly weak, but when DNA is single-stranded, the unstacking of the bases leads to an enhancement of absorption called hyperchromicity. Therefore, the extent to which DNA is single-stranded or double-stranded can be determined by monitoring UV absorption.
Chemical modification
After a DNA molecule has been assembled, it may be chemically modified—sometimes deliberately by special enzymes called DNA methyltransferases and sometimes accidentally by oxidation, ionizing radiation, or the action of chemical carcinogens. DNA can also be cleaved and degraded by enzymes called nucleases.
Three types of natural methylation have been reported in DNA. Cytosine can be modified either on the ring to form 5-methylcytosine or on the exocyclic amino group to form N4-methylcytosine. Adenine may be modified to form N6-methyladenine. N4-methylcytosine and N6-methyladenine are found only in bacteria and archaea, whereas 5-methylcytosine is widely distributed. Special enzymes called DNA methyltransferases are responsible for this methylation; they recognize specific sequences within the DNA molecule so that only a subset of the bases is modified. Other methylations of the bases or of the deoxyribose are sometimes induced by carcinogens. These usually lead to mispairing of the bases during replication and have to be removed if they are not to become mutagenic.
Natural methylation has many cellular functions. In bacteria and archaea, methylation forms an essential part of the immune system by protecting DNA molecules from fragmentation by restriction endonucleases. In some organisms, methylation helps to eliminate incorrect base sequences introduced during DNA replication. By marking the parental strand with a methyl group, a cellular mechanism known as the mismatch repair system distinguishes between the newly replicated strand where the errors occur and the correct sequence on the template strand. In higher eukaryotes, 5-methylcytosine controls many cellular phenomena by preventing DNA transcription. Methylation is also believed to signal imprinting, a process whereby some genes inherited from one parent are selectively inactivated. Correct methylation may also repress or activate key genes that control embryonic development. On the other hand, 5-methylcytosine is potentially mutagenic because thymine produced during the methylation process converts C:G pairs to T:A pairs. In mammals, methylation takes place selectively within the dinucleotide sequence CG—a rare sequence, presumably because it has been lost by mutation. In many cancers, mutations are found in key genes at CG dinucleotides.
Nucleases are enzymes that hydrolytically cleave the phosphodiester backbone of DNA. Endonucleases cleave in the middle of chains, while exonucleases operate selectively by degrading from the end of the chain. Nucleases that act on both single- and double-stranded DNA are known.
Restriction endonucleases are a special class that recognize and cleave specific sequences in DNA. Type II restriction endonucleases always cleave at or near their recognition sites. They produce small, well-defined fragments of DNA that help to characterize genes and genomes and that produce recombinant DNAs. Fragments of DNA produced by restriction endonucleases can be moved from one organism to another. In this way it has been possible to express proteins such as human insulin in bacteria.
Chemical modification of DNA can lead to mutations in the genetic material. Anions such as bisulfite can deaminate cytosine to form uracil, changing the genetic message by causing C-to-T transitions. Exposure to acid causes the loss of purine residues, though specific enzymes exist in cells to repair these lesions. Exposure to UV light can cause adjacent pyrimidines to dimerize, while oxidative damage from free radicals or strong oxidizing agents can cause a variety of lesions that are mutagenic if not repaired. Halogens such as chlorine and bromine react directly with uracil, adenine, and guanine, giving substituted bases that are often mutagenic. Similarly, nitrous acid reacts with primary amine groups—for example, converting adenosine into inosine—which then leads to changes in base pairing and mutation. Many chemical mutagens, such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and nitrites, owe their toxicity to the production of halides and nitrous acid during their metabolism in the body.
Circular DNA molecules such as those found in plasmids or bacterial chromosomes can adopt many different topologies. One is active supercoiling, which involves the cleavage of one DNA strand, its winding one or more turns around the complementary strand, and then the resealing of the molecule. Each complete rotation leads to the introduction of one supercoiled turn in the DNA, a process that can continue until the DNA is fully wound and collapses on itself in a tight ball. Reversal is also possible. Special enzymes called gyrases and topoisomerases catalyze the winding and relaxation of supercoiled DNA. In the linear chromosomes of eukaryotes, the DNA is usually tightly constrained at various points by proteins, allowing the intervening stretches to be supercoiled. This property is partially responsible for the great compaction of DNA that is necessary to fit it within the confines of the cell. The DNA in one human cell would have an extended length of between two and three metres, but it is packed very tightly so that it can fit within a human cell nucleus that is 10 micrometres in diameter.
Sequence determination
Methods to determine the sequences of bases in DNA were pioneered in the 1970s by Frederick Sanger and Walter Gilbert, whose efforts won them a Nobel Prize in 1980. The Gilbert-Maxam method relies on the different chemical reactivities of the bases, while the Sanger method is based on enzymatic synthesis of DNA in vitro. Both methods measure the distance from a fixed point on DNA to each occurrence of a particular base—A, C, G, or T. DNA fragments obtained from a series of reactions are separated according to length in four "lanes" by gel electrophoresis. Each lane corresponds to a unique base, and the sequence is read directly from the gel. The Sanger method has now been automated using fluorescent dyes to label the DNA, and a single machine can produce tens of thousands of DNA base sequences in a single run.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid polymer of the four nucleotides A, C, G, and U joined through a backbone of alternating phosphate and ribose sugar residues. It is the first intermediate in converting the information from DNA into proteins essential for the working of a cell. Some RNAs also serve direct roles in cellular metabolism. RNA is made by copying the base sequence of a section of double-stranded DNA, called a gene, into a piece of single-stranded nucleic acid. This process, called transcription (see below RNA metabolism), is catalyzed by an enzyme called RNA polymerase.
Chemical structure
Whereas DNA provides the genetic information for the cell and is inherently quite stable, RNA has many roles and is much more reactive chemically. RNA is sensitive to oxidizing agents such as periodate that lead to opening of the 3′-terminal ribose ring. The 2′-hydroxyl group on the ribose ring is a major cause of instability in RNA, because the presence of alkali leads to rapid cleavage of the phosphodiester bond linking ribose and phosphate groups. In general, this instability is not a significant problem for the cell, because RNA is constantly being synthesized and degraded.
Interactions between the nitrogen-containing bases differ in DNA and RNA. In DNA, which is usually double-stranded, the bases in one strand pair with complementary bases in a second DNA strand. In RNA, which is usually single-stranded, the bases pair with other bases within the same molecule, leading to complex three-dimensional structures. Occasionally, intermolecular RNA/RNA duplexes do form, but they form a right-handed A-type helix rather than the B-type DNA helix. Depending on the amount of salt present, either 11 or 12 base pairs are found in each turn of the helix. Helices between RNA and DNA molecules also form; these adopt the A-type conformation and are more stable than either RNA/RNA or DNA/DNA duplexes. Such hybrid duplexes are important species in biology, being formed when RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into mRNA for protein synthesis and when reverse transcriptase copies a viral RNA genome such as that of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Single-stranded RNAs are flexible molecules that form a variety of structures through internal base pairing and additional non-base pair interactions. They can form hairpin loops such as those found in transfer RNA (tRNA), as well as longer-range interactions involving both the bases and the phosphate residues of two or more nucleotides. This leads to compact three-dimensional structures. Most of these structures have been inferred from biochemical data, since few crystallographic images are available for RNA molecules. In some types of RNA, a large number of bases are modified after the RNA is transcribed. More than 90 different modifications have been documented, including extensive methylations and a wide variety of substitutions around the ring. In some cases these modifications are known to affect structure and are essential for function.
Types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) delivers the information encoded in one or more genes from the DNA to the ribosome, a specialized structure, or organelle, where that information is decoded into a protein. In prokaryotes, mRNAs contain an exact transcribed copy of the original DNA sequence with a terminal 5′-triphosphate group and a 3′-hydroxyl residue. In eukaryotes the mRNA molecules are more elaborate. The 5′-triphosphate residue is further esterified, forming a structure called a cap. At the 3′ ends, eukaryotic mRNAs typically contain long runs of adenosine residues (polyA) that are not encoded in the DNA but are added enzymatically after transcription. Eukaryotic mRNA molecules are usually composed of small segments of the original gene and are generated by a process of cleavage and rejoining from an original precursor RNA (pre-mRNA) molecule, which is an exact copy of the gene (as described in the section Splicing). In general, prokaryotic mRNAs are degraded very rapidly, whereas the cap structure and the polyA tail of eukaryotic mRNAs greatly enhance their stability.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules are the structural components of the ribosome. The rRNAs form extensive secondary structures and play an active role in recognizing conserved portions of mRNAs and tRNAs. They also assist with the catalysis of protein synthesis. In the prokaryote E. coli, seven copies of the rRNA genes synthesize about 15,000 ribosomes per cell. In eukaryotes the numbers are much larger. Anywhere from 50 to 5,000 sets of rRNA genes and as many as 10 million ribosomes may be present in a single cell. In eukaryotes these rRNA genes are looped out of the main chromosomal fibres and coalesce in the presence of proteins to form an organelle called the nucleolus. The nucleolus is where the rRNA genes are transcribed and the early assembly of ribosomes takes place.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries individual amino acids into the ribosome for assembly into the growing polypeptide chain. The tRNA molecules contain 70 to 80 nucleotides and fold into a characteristic cloverleaf structure. Specialized tRNAs exist for each of the 20 amino acids needed for protein synthesis, and in many cases more than one tRNA for each amino acid is present. The nucleotide sequence is converted into a protein sequence by translating each three-base sequence (called a codon) with a specific protein. The 61 codons used to code amino acids can be read by many fewer than 61 distinct tRNAs (as described in the section Translation). In E. coli a total of 40 different tRNAs are used to translate the 61 codons. The amino acids are loaded onto the tRNAs by specialized enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, usually with one synthetase for each amino acid. However, in some organisms, less than the full complement of 20 synthetases are required because some amino acids, such as glutamine and asparagine, can be synthesized on their respective tRNAs. All tRNAs adopt similar structures because they all have to interact with the same sites on the ribosome.
Not all catalysis within the cell is carried out exclusively by proteins. Thomas Cech and Sidney Altman, jointly awarded a Nobel Prize in 1989, discovered that certain RNAs, now known as ribozymes, showed enzymatic activity. Cech showed that a noncoding sequence (intron) in the small subunit rRNA of protozoans, which had to be removed before the rRNA was functional, can excise itself from a much longer precursor RNA molecule and rejoin the two ends in an autocatalytic reaction. Altman showed that the RNA component of an RNA protein complex called ribonuclease P can cleave a precursor tRNA to generate a mature tRNA. In addition to self-splicing RNAs similar to the one discovered by Cech, artificial RNAs have been made that show a variety of catalytic reactions. It is now widely held that there was a stage during evolution when only RNA catalyzed and stored genetic information. This period, sometimes called "the RNA world," is believed to have preceded the function of DNA as genetic material.
Antisense RNAs
Most antisense RNAs are synthetically modified derivatives of RNA or DNA with potential therapeutic value. In nature, antisense RNAs contain sequences that are the complement of the normal coding sequences found in mRNAs (also called sense RNAs). Like mRNAs, antisense RNAs are single-stranded, but they cannot be translated into protein. They can inactivate their complementary mRNA by forming a double-stranded structure that blocks the translation of the base sequence. Artificially introducing antisense RNAs into cells selectively inactivates genes by interfering with normal RNA metabolism.
Viral genomes
Many viruses use RNA for their genetic material. This is most prevalent among eukaryotic viruses, but a few prokaryotic RNA viruses are also known. Some common examples include poliovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and influenza virus, all of which affect humans, and tobacco mosaic virus, which infects plants. In some viruses the entire genetic material is encoded in a single RNA molecule, while in the segmented RNA viruses several RNA molecules may be present. Many RNA viruses such as HIV use a specialized enzyme called reverse transcriptase that permits replication of the virus through a DNA intermediate. In some cases this DNA intermediate becomes integrated into the host chromosome during infection; the virus then exists in a dormant state and effectively evades the host immune system.
Other RNAs
Many other small RNA molecules with specialized functions are present in cells. For example, small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are involved in RNA splicing (see below), and other small RNAs that form part of the enzymes telomerase or ribonuclease P are part of ribonucleoprotein particles. The RNA component of telomerase contains a short sequence that serves as a template for the addition of small strings of oligonucleotides at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Other RNA molecules serve as guide RNAs for editing, or they are complementary to small sections of rRNA and either direct the positions at which methyl groups need to be added or mark U residues for conversion to the isomer pseudouridine.
RNA processing
Following synthesis by transcription, most RNA molecules are processed before reaching their final form. Many rRNA molecules are cleaved from much larger transcripts and may also be methylated or enzymatically modified. In addition, tRNAs are usually formed as longer precursor molecules that are cleaved by ribonuclease P to generate the mature 5′ end and often have extra residues added to their 3′ end to form the sequence CCA. The hydroxyl group on the ribose ring of the terminal A of the 3′-CCA sequence acts as the amino acid acceptor necessary for the function of RNA in protein building.
In prokaryotes the protein coding sequence occupies one continuous linear segment of DNA. However, in eukaryotic genes the coding sequences are frequently "split" in the genome—a discovery reached independently in the 1970s by Richard J. Roberts (the author of this article) and Phillip A. Sharp, whose work won them a Nobel Prize in 1993. The segments of DNA or RNA coding for protein are called exons, and the noncoding regions separating the exons are called introns. Following transcription, these coding sequences must be joined together before the mRNAs can function. The process of removal of the introns and subsequent rejoining of the exons is called RNA splicing. Each intron is removed in a separate series of reactions by a complicated piece of enzymatic machinery called a spliceosome. This machinery consists of a number of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) that contain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
RNA editing
Some RNA molecules, particularly those in protozoan mitochondria, undergo extensive editing following their initial synthesis. During this editing process, residues are added or deleted by a posttranscriptional mechanism under the influence of guide RNAs. In some cases as much as 40 percent of the final RNA molecule may be derived by this editing process, rather than being coded directly in the genome. Some examples of editing have also been found in mRNA molecules, but these appear much more limited in scope.


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Health Benefits
Question: Does a business have to give workers health or disability insurance plans?
No. Health Insurance and disability plans are voluntary benefits that a business may or may not choose to provide. This issue is not regulated by L&I. However, Insurance Commission rules regarding termination of benefits may apply.
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Table of Leave Laws (131 KB PDF)
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STEM Play
Most early childhood teachers are using learning centers in the classroom, but do not approach them in ways that fully support a variety of learning opportunities. This book approaches learning centers through the STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) lens, and shares how themes can be integrated into centers to promote creativity and higher-level thinking. STEM Play provides varied activities for the most common centers: Art, blocks, dramatic play, literacy, math, science, music and movement. Full of beautiful, full-color photos that show the activities in real early childhood classrooms, teachers can easily use the book's ideas immediately in their curriculum. STEM Play also includes a "How To" section for teachers who wish to expand on the STEM focus and use themed activities in their learning centers.
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No Valentine's Day plans? Try these
Valentine's Day is tomorrow and either because you forgot, never thought you'd get a sitter, or are miserable at things like this, you have neither dinner plans nor reservations. Maybe it's because your love is a spontaneous thing that's bigger than any greeting card holiday. Take your pick. Then take heart, because there's still time to plan a high-end celebration or an affordable dining adventure.
You know Rialto is going to be a special experience once you drive into the parking garage ("So clean, so modern, so well-lit," murmurs a member of our party). And on the dramatic staircase of the Charles Hotel where Rialto is located. And from the warm welcome at the door. Fancy, well-dressed people who look vaguely familiar glide past to the tasteful dining room. But there are plenty of seats in the L-shaped lounge and bar where no reservation is needed and the full menu is available, along with cheaper bar offerings.
The unfussy creativity of the food dazzles us from the first small plates. Braised endive with honey and raisins is warm, complex, and inviting. In another, crisp fried shells of small, almond-shaped arancini enclose a surprisingly light puff of creaminess. A third offers the sweetness of perfectly prepared Nantucket Bay scallops, amplified by the tang of the red wine and blood orange sauce drizzled on the plate. Even a clear and simple heirloom bean soup with a tangle of chard contrasts strikingly with the salty funk of a tomato-anchovy crouton.
Entrees continue the same balance of flash and homeyness. Slow-roasted Long Island duck with braised escarole is falling-apart tender under miraculously still-crisp mahogany skin. Salty Sicilian olives and fingerling potatoes complete the dish. A single oversize duck raviolo is smothered with a game and black truffle ragu that's both earthy and luxurious, the pasta so thin you can almost see the runny duck egg it encloses. Cacciuco is a subtly flavorful clear fish broth with lobster, clam, and mussels, made brinier by a disk of salt cod at the bottom. Tuscan steak, available in both small and large portions on the bar menu, is more conventional, elevated by a topping of shaved pecorino.
Desserts at even the best restaurants can feel sweetly familiar and safe (chocolate lava cake, I'm looking at you) but at Rialto they show just as much creativity as what came before. A light chocolate-chestnut cream puff is accompanied by crunchy almond-cocoa sorbet and a caramelized pear. Trifle in a parfait glass, layered with beautifully contrasting pink grapefruit and mango, and rose prosecco cream, is topped by a crisp cartaletta cookie. The walnut-apple bread pudding puts other, heavier versions to shame, with its glazed crab apple nestling beside the warm pudding, and a dice of jewel-colored dried fruit. From start to finish, chef Jody Adams's kitchen delivers real artistry, never forgetting that its first job is to be simply delicious. Rialto will serve a three-course fixed price menu for $95 on its Valentine's menu.
Across the river and a world away, Teranga shows that creativity can burn brightly at a modestly priced neighborhood restaurant. Chef Marie-Claude Mendy prepares the food of her native Senegal with passion and precision, combining bold flavors that are by turns familiar and surprising. Teranga is a cozy room and the friendly greeting and West African music warms us before we even sit down. We order drinks as we explore the menu. There's a moderately priced list that includes several good African wines and Kenya's Tusker beer. Of the nonalcoholic offerings, house-made juices are all terrific, including a sweet and sour Bissap juice made with sorrel, pineapple, and a sweet-spicy ginger-pineapple juice. Both are scented with vanilla sugar. Our server brings a basket of warm bread with a dipping vinaigrette of olive oil, balsamic, and 25 spices. This is an accidental creation of Mendy's, she says later on the phone, invented when she tried to replicate a departed chef's sauce. We taste cinnamon, nutmeg, pepper, cumin, and ginger before we give up.
Appetizers bring an explosion of flavor. Crisp flounder croquettes come with an addictive cilantro-garlic sauce, and light puffy fritters made with black-eyed pea flower are just right for dipping in the tangy tomato salsa. Plump brochettes of shrimp are perfectly grilled and served with a snappy sriracha sauce.
Entrees are all different and all delicious. Michoui is a slow-cooked lamb shank, meltingly tender and juicy, served with sweet caramelized onions. Thiébou Yap pairs flavorful lamb chunks with vegetables and nutty broken jasmine rice. It's clean, mild, and satisfying with every flavor distinct. Tilapia is grilled with the right amount of char to seal in its juices in what's called poisson braise, and covered with a fresh, colorful sauce moyo over yucca grated into couscous-size grains.
Another fish offering, the national dish Thiébou Djeun is a stew mixing the freshness of the sea with earthy cabbage, cassava, and pumpkin. Brochettes, grilled cubes of filet mignon with a bracing mustard sauce and not enough yucca fries, are good enough for one friend to almost renege on a pre-meal promise to share everything. We're loving both the new and known flavors and so is the notably diverse clientele, which mixes neighborhood regulars with graduate students looking for a taste of home and a couple from Somerville who came in because they "found a parking spot and it seemed like a sign."
That mixture of exotic and familiar carries through to a French crepe-wrapped guava and kiwi under a creme Anglaise. Beignets are made with millet flour and topped with fragrant orange blossom water. An unclassic tarte Tatin uses mangoes instead of apples, the fruits jammy with contrasting coconut and ginger cream dollops.
Perhaps the most surprising thing about Teranga is that it still feels undiscovered despite its excellence, affordability, and coverage of chef Mendy's 2011 win on the Food Network's "Chopped" competition. That's a shame, but it's working in your favor if need a last-minute plan for tomorrow night.
Better-known and worth considering for an even more affordable meal is Penang, the large Chinatown outpost of a chain of Malaysian restaurants (others are in New York and Harvard Square). Though no more expensive than other spots in the neighborhood, it looks more polished, with pleasant lighting and an inviting woody dining room. That doesn't extend to the service, which is brusque but efficient. At Penang — as in Malaysia — gastronomy is a function of geography, with a menu set at the crossroads of Chinese, Thai, and Indian cooking.
Start with roti canai, a warm soft flat bread served with a bowl of deeply flavorful chicken curry stew for dipping. The dish is a staple of street stalls in Malaysia and Singapore and it's a perfect introduction to the intersection of flavors to follow. The skewered beef and chicken satay, like many of the Thai dishes, are solid if not memorable, but the satay bean curd is delightful. Tofu is deep-fried, a crispy exterior giving way to a soft interior and the surprise of a fresh cucumber and bean sprout stuffing.
The vermicelli in the Singapore noodles are wok-tossed with vegetables and shrimp in a pungent coating of curry powder. With roots in Chinese cooking, the Hainanese chicken with rice is a whole or half-chicken steamed with soy sauce and rice wine. It's both simple and luxurious. So is the whole striped bass steamed with a "special sauce," aromatic with ginger and garlic.
Half the fun of the Buddhist yam pot is the presentation: bright corn, snow peas, black mushrooms, and shrimp in an edible bowl of fried taro. The soft starchiness of the taro contrasts nicely with the snap of the vegetables and the crunch of cashews that top the dish. When the bowl is gone, you're done.
If Valentine's Day means chocolate to you, consider ending the meal elsewhere. Here, the coconut pudding and bubor chacha, sweet potatoes and yams with coconut milk, make a satisfying conclusion.
More information:
1746 Washington St., South End, Boston, 617-266-0003, http://www.terangaboston.com
All major credit cards except American Express accepted.
Wheelchair accessible.
Hours Mon-Sat Llunch 11:30 a.m.-2:30 p.m., dinner 5 p.m.-1 a.m. (kitchen closes 10:30 p.m.);Sun brunch 11 a.m.-2:30 p.m., dinner 5-10 p.m.
Prices: Appetizers $6-$8.Entrees $14-$17.
What to order: Brochettes de crevettes, Michouicq, poisson braise, mango tarte Tatin.
685 Washington St., Chinatown, Boston, 617-451-6372, http://www.penangusa.com/backup/archive082205/location_boston.html
All major credit cards except American Express accepted.
Wheelchair accessible.
Hours Mon-Thu 11:30 a.m-11:30 p.m.;, Fri 11:30 20 a.m.-midnight, 12 a.m.,; Sun 11:30 a.m-11:30 p.m.
Prices: Appetizers $3-$7. Entrees $8-$20 (some fish market prices).
What to order: Roti canai, Buddhist yam pot, steamed striped bass.
Dan Zedek can be reached at d_zedek


text:
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March 8, 2009
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – The MIT men's lacrosse team fell to UMass Dartmouth, 10-7, in the season-opener for both teams. Ryan Ballentine tallied four points on three assists and one goal for the Engineers (0-1). Matt Leary led the way for the Corsairs (1-0), registering four goals and two assists.
After trading goals during the first 12:30 of the contest, Leary factored in to both of UMass Dartmouth's next two goals which resulted in a 4-2 edge. Leary set-up Steve Colella for the go-ahead marker and then connected on a pass from Andrew Foster with seven seconds on the clock.
The Engineers responded with four unanswered goals in the second stanza. Corey Garvey led off the spurt with a man-up strike just 1:21 into the quarter. Dylan Roden followed, connecting on a feed by Neil Zimmerman at the 8:55 mark. Less than a minute later, a solo strike by Ballentine put MIT ahead, 5-4. The Cardinal and Gray then doubled its margin on a goal by Zimmerman that was set-up by Ballentine. Colella provided the Corsairs with their lone goal of the frame, making the score 6-5, in favor of the hosts at the intermission.
The third quarter was a defensive battle until Foster broke through with an unassisted strike at the 6:34 mark. UMass Dartmouth then took the lead for good just over a minute later on a goal by Josh Aresenault.
The Corsairs extended their margin midway through the final frame courtesy of back-to-back goals by Leary, making the score, 9-6. MIT ended its scoring drought with 4:23 on the clock when Ernie Park connected on a feed from Ballentine. Leary completed the fourth-quarter hat-trick with 53 seconds remaining.
Corey Garvey collected a game-high seven groundballs for the Engineers as Neil Zimmerman posted one goal and two assists. Dylan Roden contributed two goals while Patrick Shannon, Alex Andrzejewski, and Ebbe Strathairn each notched three groundballs. In net, Garth Grove tallied nine saves.
Aresenault compiled two goals, three assists, and two groundballs as Foster recorded two goals and an assist. Colella totaled two goals and two groundballs while Austin Savoie paced the Corsairs with four groundballs. Tarek Donnelly and Brian Weber each posted two groundballs as Cameron Crown amassed 20 saves.


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Protect your valuable blueprints, drawings, artwork and maps from wrinkles and tears in Sandusky Lee's 10-Drawer Flat File. This heavy-duty welded steel file has hinged paper weights in the drawer fronts and hoods at the rear to keep papers from curling. Nylon ball bearing rollers allow the drawers to glide open and shut with ease. The centered lock system comes with two keys for your convenience. Each drawer holds up to 50 pounds and features two rounded pull handles and a stylish chrome label holder. Choose from several powder-coat paint colors for your Sandusky Lee 10-Drawer Flat File.
Key Features
- Heavy-duty steel with powder-coat paint finish
- Hinged paper weights and hoods keep your papers from curling
- Nylon ball bearing rollers allows for easy opening
- Each drawer holds up to 50 pounds
- Includes two keys
- Material: Internal frame – 16-gauge steel; Side, back, top and drawer fronts – 22-gauge steel; Drawer body – 24-gauge steel; Handles – aluminum
- Finish: Powder-coat paint
- Capacity: 50 pounds per drawer
- Drawer Dimensions: 43 3/8"W x 32 3/8"D x 1"H (inside)
- Width: 43 3/4"
- Depth: 35 3/8"
- Height: 16 1/8"
- Lead Time: Ships within 6 weeks
- Shipping Method: Freight
- Weight: 220.00 pounds


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Woodward Dream Cruise in Detroit, Michigan
Have you ever attended the Woodward Dream Cruise in Detroit, Michigan? If not, is it on your bucket list?
A bit of information about the Woodward Dream Cruise as stated on their website:
A bit of information about the Woodward Dream Cruise as stated on their website:
"In August 1995, Nelson House and a group of volunteers looked to relive and recreate the nostalgic heydays of the 50's and 60's when youth, music and Motor City steel roamed Woodward Avenue, America's first highway. That year, 250,000 people participated-nearly ten times the number expected. The rest, as they say, is history. Today, the Woodward Dream Cruise is the world's largest one-day automotive event, drawing 1.5 million people and 50,000 classic cars each year from around the globe-from as far away as New Zealand, Australia, Japan and the former Soviet Union. North America cruisers from California, Georgia, Canada and all points in between caravan to Metro Detroit to participate in what has become for many, an annual rite of summer. Here's some great pictures from the 2012 Woodward Dream Cruise as shown on the Woodward Dream Cruise Website!
It's easy to share this slideshow/article on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and more, using the buttons below !
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car shows, cruise-ins, swap meets and classic vehicles for sale.
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|June 24, 2019, 03:25:20 PM
|DC Wiki
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Today at 08:05:17 AMFox: Such a patch would mean you need to be careful with item drops, coins, exp, etc. Because those things would then no longer be an infinite supply. Whether or not one uses it depends on what they want to do with it.
Today at 07:55:01 AMFox: (High enough being based on the area you are in.)
Today at 07:54:02 AMFox: I had a thought today. What if I look into making a simple patch just for lulz. One that works the same way as using Avoid, but it lasts from start to finish, and can't be disabled. Avoid only works if your levels are high enough, though... so thought is to keep that as is.
Today at 01:55:17 AMryancaesar12345: hi guys i have new update in Golden Sun 2 Lost Age Revise Mod.ips try this. :)
Today at 01:54:16 AMryancaesar12345: where's that link?
Today at 01:53:56 AMryancaesar12345: i have no account in discord.*
Yesterday at 08:44:52 PMSalanewt: Although in the case of Wish, you could probably just use Breeze instead.
Yesterday at 08:44:36 PMSalanewt: Yeah, it's a messaging program sort of like Skype. I find that it's much easy to walk people through some of the basics of assembly, since that's what you'll need for most animation hacks.
Yesterday at 09:39:10 AMryancaesar12345: discord? im not good in asm or assembly.
June 22, 2019, 09:37:26 AMMaxiPower: gpnna update my thread on progress of my character art if anyones interested. :P
June 21, 2019, 07:51:44 PMSalanewt: Hey there! Animation editing can be tricky, but I can share some notes with you if you pop in on our Discord. Are you good with assembly?
June 21, 2019, 02:59:40 PMryancaesar12345: and how to change a death curse turn in hex editor?
June 21, 2019, 02:50:00 PMryancaesar12345: and how to make animation but changing palette only like wish blue i want to change violet. for AOE healing and earth element.
June 21, 2019, 02:47:44 PMryancaesar12345: im done already thanks man i change the icon in that tutorial and all i need is animation most of elemental like healing like wish but wind element. how to import animation in TLA editor in *game crashes* index
June 21, 2019, 12:01:35 PMFox: Oh that. You are talking about Caledor's tutorial?
June 21, 2019, 11:49:55 AMFox: So in little endian... 08FA0000 (32-bit) is the same as 00 00 FA 08 (8-bits) (Since GBA is little endian) ;;; but if this were big-endian, it would have been 08 FA 00 00 (8-bits)
June 21, 2019, 11:42:17 AMFox: "in the ROM file" = I mean when using any other hex editor to look in the file... ROM section in VBA is 08000000-09FFFFFF, but ROM files are different sizes, so GS1 stops a quarter the way (08800000 / 8MB), and GS2 stops half way. (09000000 / 16MB)
June 21, 2019, 11:39:55 AMFox: I am not sure I understand what you are trying to do? ... But all little endian is is just reverse byte. (of the bytes in a data type).... So like... 8-bit is the same regardless of big or little endian. 16-bit is like 0102=big endian 0201=little endian .... 32-bit is like 01020304=big endian ; 04030201=little endian. (I use 01-04 numbers to represent how the bytes are ordered by address.) ; 00FA0000 in the ROM file is 08FA0000 in VBA's memory viewer/and that's how it works when the game reads
June 21, 2019, 05:20:47 AMryancaesar12345: i sa that in icon compressor 00FA0000 -> in 00FA0008 hmm?
June 21, 2019, 05:14:41 AMryancaesar12345: how to convert in hex editor a address in little endian like this? 00FA0080?


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Bethany's Career Services Office provides students with the resources and guidance necessary to successfully manage their career and employment opportunities. Offering a helpful link for students between coursework and the possibilities that await them in the workplace and the community, the Career Services Office actively assists students and alumni to find rewarding and fulfilling vocations.
507-344-7790 email@example.com
Online job boards help you find opportunities in your chosen field. View our site recommendations.


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Marie Callender Bakes Up Comfort Food
Dinner is a growing meal occasion for frozen foods -- frozen items appeared on the dinner table 17 percent of the time in 2009 vs. 13 percent in 1994, according to NPD. Further, 55 percent of evening meals are eaten by one to two person households.
With that in mind, ConAgra Foods, Omaha, Neb., introduces Marie Callender's Bakes, a line of multi-serve, home-style baked microwavable meals that add a contemporary twist on comfort food. The new microwavable tray allows for even heating to prevent undercooking, burnt edges or cold spots.
Varieties include: Creamy Chicken Alfredo with Sun-Dried Tomatoes; Vermont White Cheddar Mac & Cheese; Chicken, Spinach and Mushroom Lasagna; Southwestern Style Chipotle Chicken Bake; and Scalloped Potatoes & Ham in a Creamy Cheese Sauce.
"Marie Callender's new home-style, baked, multi-serve meals add new twists to familiar recipes," says Jenn Freeman, brand director, ConAgra Foods. "We're taking classic dishes like chicken alfredo and added Marie's creative touch [to create] recipes like Creamy Chicken Alfredo With Sundried Tomatoes. These are dishes with the familiarity of traditional recipes and a little something extra to change things up and make it more exciting."
Suggested retail price is $5.69-5.99.


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Last updated: July 22, 2010
NIH Expands Program to Sequence Rat Genome
NIH Expands Program to Sequence Rat Genome
New Grants Awarded to Baylor College of Medicine and Celera Genomics
February 2001
BETHESDA, Md. - The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) today announced awards totaling $58 million to expand the National Institutes of Health (NIH) program to determine the DNA sequence of the genome of the laboratory rat, a key experimental animal for many areas of biomedical research. The two new grants, to the Baylor College of Medicine and Celera Genomics Group of Applera Corporation, will greatly accelerate the ongoing program to decode the rat genome. The expanded program, which also includes Genome Therapeutics Corporation (Waltham, Mass.), The Institute for Genomic Research (Rockville, Md.), and the University of British Columbia, will produce a draft sequence of the rat genome within two years.
The rat joins a host of other important model organisms including E.coli, yeast, the roundworm C.elegans, the fruit fly and the mouse, whose genomes have been or are now being sequenced. The genome sequences of these organisms provide the basis for important studies in the field of comparative genomics. By comparing the genome sequences of different organisms, scientists can identify regions that play a vital role and thus have been conserved over evolutionary time. For example, comparing genome sequences will help researchers readily identify and study not only the protein-coding regions but also the corresponding regulatory regions, which may be located at great distances from one another.
The laboratory rat is widely used as a disease model in research programs directed at understanding, treating and preventing many human diseases. The rat genome is estimated to be 3 billion base pairs in size, similar to the size of the human genome. "The rat genome sequence will further accelerate genomic-based research leading to improved understanding of how human genes work. This will, in turn, lead to new insights for treating and preventing disease," said Dr. Richard Gibbs, Director of the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center.
"Celera Genomics is very pleased to participate in this public/private collaboration. The rat is an important model system, widely used in many public and private sector research programs and our participation should ensure the rapid production of rat genome sequence to further those programs," said Dr. Robert Holt of Celera Genomics. Sequencing is the determination of the order of the base pairs, the subunits of DNA. Knowing the sequence of the base pairs is essential to identifying genes. Once the genes involved in biological processes are known, the information can help researchers better understand how the body develops and functions and how diseases occur.
"Important genes are conserved through evolution and so similar versions are found in different animal species," said George Weinstock, co-director of the Baylor Human Genome Sequencing Center. "The similarities between human DNA and the DNA of other living organisms are a critical guide to help researchers find genes that function similarly in humans. These model systems give us great hints for understanding human biology."
The strategy for sequencing the rat genome will combine elements of a hierarchical shotgun, or map-based, approach and a whole-genome-shotgun approach. This dual strategy will take advantage of the lessons learned during the initial sequencing of the human genome by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium and, separately, by Celera Genomics. The Baylor, Celera Genomics and Genome Therapeutics Corporation groups will collaborate on whole genome shotgun sequencing of the rat DNA. In addition, Baylor will contribute additional data from the sequencing of individual mapped BAC clones. The Institute for Genomic Research and the University of British Columbia groups will contribute map data that will be used to select the individual BAC clones to sequence. The draft genome sequence will be assembled by combining the several types of data.
Data from the project will be released weekly into public databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Geoff Spencer
Phone: (301) 402-0911


text: Over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives are financial products that electric utilities and a variety of other U.S. businesses use to manage financial risks associated with energy production and fuel costs. Utilities engage in OTC transactions with other utilities and in transactions within the financial markets in order to lock in a guaranteed price for commodities such as electricity, natural gas, and coal for future delivery.Trading derivatives "over-the-counter"—directly between two parties instead of through centralized clearinghouses or exchanges—enables utilities to manage risk and minimize price volatility in a cost-effective manner. After Congress passed the Dodd-Frank financial reform law in July 2010, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) proposed to address the oversight and transparency of OTC energy markets and to prevent excessive speculation. Some proposals would have eliminated the ability of electric companies to use OTC derivatives. This would increase the cost of hedging and reduce the capital available for capital investments and job creation by electric companies. In 2012, the CFTC issued two final rules that preserve the ability of companies to access critical OTC energy derivatives products and OTC energy commodities markets. Access to these markets is key to protecting energy customers from wholesale commodity price volatility. And it provides the stability and certainty electric companies need to make critical capital investments that contribute to economic growth and job creation.


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Mayan exhibit celebrates changing calendar and royal jade
If you've outlived the apocalypse and still are interested in Mayan culture, drop in on a new exhibit about the Mayans in Washington.
Using the beginning of the 14th bak'tun, the new cycle of the Long Count calendar, as a hook, the "Heavenly Jade of the Maya" exhibit at the Inter-American Development Bank is small in space but rich in culture.
The artifacts are from the National Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology in Guatemala City, and it's the first time they've been on display outside Guatemala. The relics, largely done in jade and created for both the living and dead, were the possessions of royalty.
Debra Corrie, the manager of the Inter-American Development Bank art collection, says, "Jade was more valuable at that time than gold or other minerals, the most treasured object."
It might take years to carve and polish even a small piece of jade. The elaborately carved, palm-sized green jade piece from a royal diadem would have taken much longer.
"Only the king and queen had access to the jade. It was the most precious stone and material that the culture had at that time," said Soledad Guerra, exhibitions coordinator. There were "rivalries, or worse, between the different tribes, and the symbol of victory was the more jade they could collect from others."
Necklaces include those made of jaguar teeth, jade and polished agate, and delicately pierced white-seashell skulls.
There are two large displays. One is small figurines found in a tomb that dates to A.D. 600-800. Each distinctly carved clay figure serves as part of the dead man's court. Next to the deceased king, a deer spirit guide stands alertly. A hunchbacked scribe stands ready to take notes. Boxers, complete with removable headgear, stand ready to entertain the king.
The "World Tree" exhibit hangs nearby. Four large reconstructed jars hang at the cardinal points of north, south, east and west above a pile of polished jade pieces. In the center of the polished jade, a corn plant – vastly important in Mesoamerican culture – would have been planted.
Despite the long history of the Mayans, Corrie noted that they're far from a dead culture. "Mayans live on in five countries: Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Belize," and many more Mayans live around the world.
The bank has posted a new documentary, "Mayas, The Flight Through Time" on its website, at http://bit.ly/WxhjJz.


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Review of The Millionaire Mind
This is a deeply flawed book. It purports to be a description of the characteristics and attitudes that make wealthy people wealthy, but it is based mostly on their self-assessments without comparison to a control group. I suspect that this heavily underplays the role of random chance in success, and attributes causation where there is only correlation. Further, the author display clear biases on a number of topics, which leads him to engage in ad hoc interpretation of his data, sometimes to argue for conclusions that are contrary to the clear implications of the data--such as his arguments for the importance of religion in the lives of millionaires.
On pp. 33-35, the author looks at success factors, and compares to the role of luck on pp. 82-85, which he downplays in favor of discipline. While he touches on the importance of having the right connections (and the genetic contributions to intelligence), on p. 85 he asks "what does luck have to do with graduating from medical school? What does luck have to do with successfully running a medical practice? Very little, according to these physicians." But what does luck have to do with being born into a family and in a country where one has a chance to reach adulthood, let alone be able to attend a medical school? Quite a bit.
Unlike its predecessor, which looked at prodigious accumulators of wealth (PAWs) vs. under-accumulators of wealth (UAWs), this book focuses on millionaires (PAWs) and decamillionaires (a tiny subset of PAWs, those with net worth $10M or greater). The lack of comparison to the general public serves to limit the book's value.
A misleading comparison between businessmen and stockbrokers on pp. 76ff makes the point. Stanley states that the former is an occupation more likely to have higher net worth. But this comparison is misleading because he's only looking at the millionaire-plus sample; he is excluding more of the total business owner population from his sample than stockbrokers. The average and median income and net worth for business owners are likely lower than for stockbrokers. If he made the same comparison with actors or musicians to stockbrokers, for example, the problem is more obvious--by excluding all those who aren't worth $1M or more up front, you exclude the vast majority, and pull up the average. With stockbrokers, on the other hand, a higher percentage of them are in the top income earners and wealthy.
On p. 110, after having pages about the importance of ethics and advising "Never lie. Never tell one lie." (p. 55), he passes right over his example, Mr. Warren, lying about being a college graduate in order to get a job, without comment, and without noticing the hypocrisy.
On pp. 173-174, the author wants to make the point that prayer is important for millionaires dealing with stress, despite the fact that the majority of his surveyed population do not regularly pray. (He repeats this again on p. 370, saying "nearly one-half of the millionaires (47 percent) engaged in prayer. ... for a significant percentage of millionaires, their religious faith is a major force in their lives.")
In trying to emphasize the point (p. 174), he splits his sample into "religious millionaires" (RM) and "other millionaires" (OM), observes that 75% of RM engage in prayer while only 8% of OM do, and points out that this is "a ratio of more than nine to one." This is a meaningless comparison, however--RM make up only 37% of his total population of millionaires, so his "more than nine to one" ratio is really nothing more than saying, of those millionaires who are religious, three-fourths hold religious practices which involve regular prayer (and 8% of those who do not consider themselves religious pray anyway). Since the OM population is much larger than the RM population, in absolute numbers that's not a nine-to-one ratio--his numbers show that about 28% of his total sample are RM who pray, while 5% of his total sample are OM who pray--closer to a six-to-one ratio.
But more importantly, the author glosses over the fact that not only are the majority of millionaires not religious, even a quarter of those who are don't engage in regular prayer! Given that the U.S. is one of the most religious countries in the world, the fact that such a low percentage of millionaires are religious is quite interesting and worthy of further exploration as to the cause, but for Stanley, religion and prayer are an important foundation of the "millionaire mind," and he completely misses the opportunity to find an explanation for why millionaires are so much less religious than the general population.
In a later table in the book on p. 366, he shows activities engaged in by a sample of 733 millionaires during the preceding 30 days. The table includes 52% attending religious services, 47% praying, 37% attending religious events, 22% Bible/devotional reading. These numbers don't quite match up with the RM/OM data from pp. 173-174, which seem to show even lower levels of religious activity, but these are still lower than they are for the nonmillionaire population--and weekly church attendance is notoriously over-reported in surveys. Work by Mark Chaves, C. Kirk Hardaway, and P.L. Marler in the 1990s found the actual percentage of attendance about half of what surveys show. This actually could mean that millionaires attend more often, if Stanley's survey results don't have similar over-reporting.
The author's religious bias further leads him to recommend to a student going through a divorce that she, despite not being a church attendee, search for a mate by joining a church group (p. 268) because she "believed in marriage and the traditional family concept." He writes that "I believe that one is likely to find better prospects in a church setting than in singles bars. Of course, there are no guarantees, but people with a religious orientation are more prone to respect the principles espoused in the Good Book." But why is he just guessing on this? Hasn't he asked his population of millionaires--the ones who are 63% non-religious--how they met their mates? He did this, very usefully, regarding how millionaires purchase their homes (pp. 315-326)--yet isn't picking a partner even more important?
This book has some interesting data, and is at its best when giving comparative results between populations (e.g., the house-purchasing characteristics of economically productive millionaires vs. non-economically productive millionaires in chapter 7). But it doesn't stand up well in comparison to The Millionaire Next Door, which is a much better book.


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By Ben Walker | Associated Press
NEW YORK -- Big league pitchers might feel safer on the mound this season.
Major League Baseball has approved a protective cap for pitchers, hoping to reduce the damage from line drives to head that have brought some terrifying and bloody scenes in the last few years.
The heavier and bigger new hat was introduced Tuesday and will be available for testing during spring training on a voluntary basis. Major leaguers and minor leaguers won't be required to wear it -- comfort is likely to be a primary concern.
"Obviously, it'd be a change," two-time Cy Young winner Clayton Kershaw of the Los Angeles Dodgers told the MLB Network. "I'm definitely not opposed to it."
"I think it'd take a lot of getting used to," he said. "You don't look very cool, I'll be honest."
The safety plates made by isoBLOX are sewn into the hat and custom fitted. They weigh an extra six to seven ounces -- a baseball weighs about five ounces, by comparison -- and offer protection to the forehead, temples and sides of the head. They'll make the hats about a half-inch thicker in the front and around an inch wider on the sides.
Several pitchers have been hit in the head by line drives in the recent seasons. Brandon McCarthy sustained a brain contusion and skull fracture after being struck in 2012 and Doug Fister was hit during the World Series that October.
Toronto's J.A. Happ and Toronto's Alex Cobb were sidelined after being hit last year.
McCarthy tweeted that he had already tried out the fortified cap and that it was "headed in right direction but not game ready."
Said star closer Grant Balfour: "I am always appreciative of anything that will make the game safer. That being said, I may try it. Just not sure yet until I see it. Has to fit with a cap and be comfortable."
"We talked to a lot of guys who had been through this, and they provided a wealth of information to help us," said Bruce Foster, CEO of the 4Licensing Corporation, parent company of isoBLOX. "We went through a myriad of different designs to develop this."
Foster said the cap went through extensive testing and provided protection from line drives up to 90 mph in the front of the head and 85 mph on the side.
Line drives in the majors have been clocked at even faster rates.
While the hat is "slightly bigger" than a regular baseball cap, Foster said: "It's not going to be a Gazoo hat."
Several years ago, MLB introduced larger batting helmets that offered increased safety. But big leaguers mostly rejected them, saying they looked funny and made them resemble the Great Gazoo, a character on the "The Flintstones" cartoon series.
In recent seasons, pitchers have said they would try padded caps, provided they weren't too cumbersome.
"You see guys get hit with line drives. I know in the last couple of years there have been several of them. So it happens. You want to be wary of it," All-Star closer Glen Perkins of the Minnesota Twins said. "Player safety is important. I think finding a solution is good."
"But by the sounds of what they have, I don't know if that's entirely feasible to go out there with basically a helmet on your head and pitch. Without seeing it or trying it on, I hate to make a blanket judgment. But just thinking out loud, that seems a little bit much. Just the bulkiness," he said.
In December 2012, MLB medical director Dr. Gary Green presented ideas on protective headgear to executives, doctors and trainers. The prototypes under study included some made of Kevlar, the high-impact material often worn by military and law enforcement and NFL players for body armor.
Several companies tried without success to make a product that would be approved by MLB and the players' union. While isoBLOX was first to get the OK, other firms still might submit proposals.
Foster said the cap's design diffuses the impact of being hit, rather than only absorbing the shock. The technology will be available on the retail market for ballplayers of all ages in a form of a skull cap.
A memo from MLB will advise teams that the caps are available in spring training, and pitchers who express interest in testing will be fitted. MLB has the right to mandate that minor leaguers wear it, but has no plans now to do that.
Perkins pointed out that a regular hat weighed about three ounces.
"With the weight, I don't know if it's practical or not," he said. "I'm sure I'll try one on and go out and field some grounders or something. But as far as pitching, I couldn't imagine pitching in like a catcher's helmet."
"I think it will be one of those things that people will wear them when they have to wear them. Maybe a guy here or a guy there," he said.
MLB didn't make the use of helmets or protective cap inserts mandatory for batters until the National League required them for the 1956 season. Helmets weren't required until the 1971 season and, even then, they weren't mandatory for players already in the big leagues. An earflap on the side of the head facing the pitcher was required for new players starting in 1983.
"It's nice to see any sport take precautions to prevent injury," San Francisco reliever Javier Lopez said. "As a pitcher we are the closest to the action in the field of play and batted balls can get on you quickly. That being said, I look forward to seeing what the finished product looks like. And if it helps just one pitcher, then it's worth it. It's always nice to have safety nets."


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We will be webcasting the 2013 Fall Membership Meeting on Saturday, October 12th for those members and guests not able to make it to Woburn, MA this year.
You may log into the Webcast starting at 8.45ET (12.45UT). The actual meeting will start at 9.00ET (13.00UT).
Please register for AAVSO Fall Membership Meeting webcast at:


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Muscle-mania put AWOL Arnie in brig
Arnold Schwarzenegger has said he was so eager to pursue bodybuilding success that he briefly ended up in an Austrian military jail.
The Austrian-born actor said he was 18 and serving an obligatory year with the army when he sneaked out of camp for the Junior Mr Europe contest in Germany.
Schwarzenegger said he won the contest but also earned two or three days in the brig. But he said military officials felt "uncomfortable" and released him.
Schwarzenegger, 65, is the subject of a new ESPN Films documentary, Arnold's Blueprint, which will premiere on September 26 on the ESPN website Grantland.com.
The film is the first of a series of short documentaries that will be available online.
Press Association


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Karen Fricke used thread sketching and ink to create this bee quilt, based on a photograph.
Have you taken any photos lately and thought, "That would make a great quilt"?
If you want to use a photo as inspiration for a fiber art piece, but don't want to appliqué or piece the image, try thread sketching. Drawing with thread, you can create an entire image or an outline. By thread painting—blending colors with close stitching—you can add shading, highlights, or color.
Some artists combine machine stitching with paint, colored pencils, or ink to add colors and shading to their threadwork after they stitch.
Karen Fricke is one of those artists. Starting with a photo of a bee, she used thread sketching techniques with ink to bring it to life on fabric.
After she fills in the details of the image with thread sketching, Karen paints with Tsukineko inks and Fantastix sponge applicators to add shading and highlights. Because the applicators hold a lot of ink, she recommends dabbing them on a scrap of fabric first so you don't saturate your design.
Here are some of Karen's other tips for using her thread sketching with ink technique:
Instead of tracing the image, print a grayscale image of your subject directly onto heavy-duty tear-away stabilizer, with your inkjet printer set on "best quality."
If you lose some details through the printing process, go over the printed image with a permanent marker, referring to the original photo, to define any lost elements you want to capture in your thread sketch.
Place the fabric of your design element (such as the bee's body) on the background fabric and outline that part of your image with plain black cotton thread and free-motion stitching.
When you're satisfied with the colors, look over the entire design. If more detail is needed, thread-sketch again with a really fine zigzag stitch.Cut close to the stitching to remove the excess fabric from around the stitching, being careful not to cut through the stitches. Using curved scissors makes it easier to do this.
In an upcoming issue of Quilting Arts Magazine, we're featuring articles on thread drawing and sketching as well as surface design techniques with paint, dyes, and inks. Now is the perfect time to subscribe to Quilting Arts.
P.S. Do you paint on fabric with thread, ink (or paint), or both? What are your preferred supplies? Leave your answer below.


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Holidays in Bloom
November 25, 2017 @ 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
|Recurring Event (See all)
An event every day that begins at 9:00am, repeating until December 31, 2017
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Included with general admission. Members enjoy this exhibit for free.
Visit the Garden with family and friends this holiday season and enjoy magical displays through the end of the year. Garlands, red ribbons and other holiday decorations welcome guests making the Garden a perfect setting for family photographs. Escape to nature with a stroll around the East Texas Lake and see the beauty of the changing seasons.


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After more than a year of speculation, NHL teams on Sunday revealed their protected lists for Wednesday's expansion draft for the Vegas Golden Knights.
From the Blackhawks perspective, there were no surprises in whom they left vulnerable.
Center Marcus Kruger and defenseman Trevor van Riemsdyk were the most notable names the Hawks left unprotected among players under contract for next season or beyond. The Hawks would like to shed the contract of Kruger, who carries a salary-cap hit of about $3.1 million.
According to the draft rules, the Knights must select one player from every team and the Hawks had to protect any players with no-movement clauses in their contracts....


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We did have a nice day though. We went out shopping early but not early enough as the things we wanted were already gone. Then we headed down to Mom's and got her shopping done for the week. It was hilarious to see the grocery store filled with men looking a little bit lost, hunting for those few, last minute items for dinner. We watched the Macy's parade and Mom and I got to talking about how the guys always have a great day eating and watching TV, the kids play and we get stuck cooking and doing dishes for two days.
We had dinner at Bean's. She has really turned into a wonderful cook. The only thing I made was banana bread. I felt felt like a bit of a slacker. Angie brought sweet potatoes, green been casserole, ham and rolls. But I figured I always do the dishes. Can't remember a family party where I didn't do the dishes unless my Tennessee nieces were present. I was shocked when after dinner my son-in-law did all of the dishes! It really was wonderful to just enjoy the day as a real bonafide slacker. My ex didn't even get on my nerves. (OK, maybe a little bit.)
Alex and Mike got haircuts and Alex is loving his mohawk and was our Thanksgiving Indian. I took lots of pictures but the rest have people in them that are blog shy.
Our trip home was uneventful this year. Mom and John didn't remember about last year's incident until I reminded them. The Ni-Mo building in Syracuse is already lit for Christmas and I got this not so great picture through the car window. The colors change to green and also a pink and purple combo.
Yesterday was our annual entombment day, the day where we cover all of our windows with plastic. We used a heavier plastic this year and we really can't see much out of the windows at all but with the cost of heating it really does help. So I decided to cheer myself up by playing Christmas music and putting up the tree. The new tree I bought last year was a snap as it doesn't come apart and I left the lights on it.
Mike and Alex came over to help. At first I only let them put on the non-breakables but they insisted that they'd be careful so they ended up doing the whole tree.
Their Masterpiece
I may do a bit or rearranging but it is cute how Alex bunched things together so that he'd remember which parts of the tree he did so maybe not. :)


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2012 US Youth Soccer National Champions Crowned in Rock Hill, S.C.
Under-16 Boys: Michigan Jaguars 96 Green (MI)
Under-16 Girls: BRYC 95 Elite (VA)
Under-17 Boys: Galaxy 94/95 Blue (IL)
Under-17 Girls: VSA Heat Blue (VA)
Under-18 Boys: Florida Rush Nike (FL)
Under-18 Girls: FC Penn Strikers (E-PA)
Under-19 Girls: CCSC SOL (FL)
Follow the moments…
Scores and Schedule| Video | Facebook | Twitter | Daily Stories
ROCK HILL, S.C. (July 29, 2012) - The remaining 2012 US Youth Soccer National Champions were crowned today at Manchester Meadows, in Rock Hill, S.C., where the country's the top teams in the Under-16 through Under-18 Boys and Under-16 through Under-19 Girls age groups met to conclude the final stage of the 2012 US Youth Soccer National Championship Series, presented by the National Guard. After this week's three days of preliminary play, the top two teams played today for their respective national title.
The National Guard's partnership with US Youth Soccer is focused on enriching the soccer experience by positively influencing players and coaches in areas of leadership and character development while adding a strong presence of American pride.
Last night, the Under-14 through Under-15 Boys and Girls National Championships were played in addition to the 77th annual James P. McGuire Cup televised nationally on Fox Soccer. Complete recap of last night's games are available here.
Stories, photos and videos are available following games at http://championships.usyouthsoccer.org.


text: What could be simpler? These galvanized steel high quality milking stanchions come pre-assembled, ready to attach to your floor or milking platform. It features individual self-locking head gates with gang release. Will. They ship by motor freight, so call for shipping costs to your address before you order. 12 goat section costs $3,635.00.


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Tom's intro reminds us that last week it was "Wagner who got jacked." They tell us that it's "Rock Week" and the reanimated corpses of KISS are on the ballroom floor to get us pumped up with "Rock and Roll All Nite" - "Nite" is their spelling not mine. Good grammar and spelling rock, kids Stay in school!
There's pro dancers in unitards and KISS makeup and it looks even sillier than the old men rockers, which I didn't think was possible. The female pro dancers are in leather bikinis and this is all uncomfortably close to a primetime cop drama strip club scene. Tom, enthusiastically exclaims after the song is over that "[they] go to eleven!" If only we'd had Spinal Tap on hand. KISS plays along with the band during the theme song and I appreciate them being good sports. Judging by the costumes coming down the stairs we're going to see a lot of Paso Dobles set to rock music. Musical director Harold Wheeler is sporting Paul Stanley's "Starchild" makeup.
Sherri Shepherd & Val Chmerkovskiy
They're doing the tango to Quiet Riot's "Cum on Feel the Noize." (Again, not my spelling.) They've got a female singer doing lead vocals and it sounds weird. Sherri spends A LOT of time at the beginning pulling stripper moves on the judges' table. Even though Len got an eyeful of Sherri's most prominent assets, I'm not sure he'll appreciate that.
This is not nearly as fast as it should be; Sherri is somehow flat footed in heels; they look they're walking more than dancing; and her kicks are weak and low. So she'll probably get 9s. Len mentions a "little incident" with her feet but said overall they were great. Bruno propositions Sherri in French Lady Marmalade style. Carrie Ann, whose hair is closer to Jesus in Heaven than it ever has been, says Sherri lacked her normal enthusiasm.
Scores: Carrie Ann: 7 Len: 7 Bruno: 7. AHA! There's those 7 paddles that we know and love.
Katherine Jenkins & Mark Ballas
They've got the Paso Doble, and Mark is trying to turn Katherine into the "Welsh Warrior" so he takes her to watch MMA training. Sure. Why not? This is a segment that lets you know, "Either the star has no personality or the star and pro have zero chemistry and aren't friends at all." Katherine can't say "badass" without giggling, so this doesn't bode well. She's wearing a skintight bodysuit and looks vaguely reminiscent of Michelle Pfeiffer in Catwoman garb. She can't stop smiling during
the "swirl the skirt like a toreador waving the cape" move, which they might criticize her for as not being intense enough.
That was boring, maybe because I didn't know the song, Muse's "Time Is Running Out." Let's see what the judges say. Bruno says Katherine needs to be careful because she didn't finish her moves and it wasn't as "clean" and "precise" as she needed to be. Carrie Ann points out that Katherine kept adjusting her feet and seemed off her game. Len says it had "promise, but didn't deliver," but then reassures her that she's a "wonderful dancer."
Scores: Carrie Ann: 8 Len: 8 Bruno: 8. I'm not sure it was 3 points better than Sherri, but I think the judges are aware that Sherri will make up in audience vote what Katherine might not.
Jaleel White & Kym Johnson
I have A LOT of problems with this introduction segment, y'all. First of all, Mick Jagger is a PART of The Rolling Stones but is not by himself The Rolling Stones. "Satisfaction" is not a Mick Jagger song, but a Rolling Stones song, even though Jagger and Richards share writing credit. Secondly, Jaleel White does not have "Jagger lips." Thirdly, George Jefferson came after Mick and that strut,
Jaleel. Sheesh. Here comes their tango. They've got a Union Jack projected on the dance floor.
The band is fast, but their dance is slow -- it's very disorienting. Right as they do a close-up of their feet, Kym's feet look weird. Don't know if that was intentional or a misstep. Carrie Ann tells Jaleel not to be so "smooth" that the dance needs to be more "staccato." Len says it needed more attack and aggression, but as a performance it was great. Bruno has apparently decided to stand while giving all his critiques tonight -- he essentially agrees with the first two judges.
Scores: Carrie Ann: 8 Len: 7 Bruno: 7.
Finally, the judges are giving numbers appropriate to the beginning of the season. When we come back from commercial break two of the pro troupe guys are rocking out in their unitards and KISS makeup; Tom quips, "Welcome back to Mimes Gone Wild!"
Melissa Gilbert & Maksim Chmerkovskiy
Melissa is excited about the Paso Doble because she says that outwardly she's the good girl, but there's always been a "bad girl underneath." Maks is exhorting Melissa to get "pissed" at him.
This isn't usually something that Maks has to explicitly request from his partners. It may be rock night, but Maks and Melissa are getting a White Stripes song, "Conquest." Check out the video if you've ever wanted to see Jack White in toreador pants.
Oh dear. Rright at the end, Maks spins Melissa around in that sort of death spiral move and in the process falls on his own keister. Poor thing! I always feel bad for the pros when they mess up. Len liked it! He adds "I know silly old Maks fell over" but he "doesn't care." Bruno points out the messed up ending and Maks immediately and guiltily raises his hand and takes the blame. I was starting to not like Maks last season, but he's bouncing back with me. Carrie Ann wants Melissa to work on her confidence when she and Maks are in hold.
Scores: Carrie Ann: 7 Len: 8 Bruno: 7.Looks like Len really did forgive that fall. Brooke finally makes a joke about the ridiculous "Bride of Frankenstein colors her gray and lets down the updo" hair she's got tonight.
Donald Driver & Peta Murgatroyd
Peta thinks Donald is going to "kill" the Paso Doble and Donald hopes so, given how many athletes have done well at it on past seasons. Peta says she's going to have Donald shirtless because "the ladies will like it and Bruno will love it." She's not wrong. But Donald wants a jacket, to practice with the cape. Peta loans him her delicate white cardigan and it's adorable and hilarious to see him wear it around.
"Purple Haze" is their jam and this routine certainly has the attack and aggression the judges have been asking for all night. He flings Peta to the ground and her long, long body spins around several times. Bruno says it had power and a "bit of sense of humor." Carrie Ann can't say enough good enough adjectives and finishes with "spectacular." Len jokes that after the show he and Donald should compare tattoos and then calls this routine Donald's best dance.
Scores: Carrie Ann: 9 Len: 9 Bruno: 9.Something about Peta with the big hair and strong makeup is making her look like a skinny Lacey Schwimmer.
Gladys Knight & Tristan MacManus
Tristan is impressed that Gladys was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. To which Rush still does not belong. Who is more rock, the band that gave you "Tom Sawyer" or Gladys Knight?
Harrumph. I am really not looking forward to hearing how the musical director has had to cut down "Bohemian Rhapsody" for this short dance routine. Although, props for the video at the beginning with the judges and Tom on the big screen recreating Queen's "Night at the Opera" look.
This is just not good, you guys. Gladys is hanging in there, but at some point you have to stop grading her on a curve just because of her age. Carrie Ann calls it Gladys's "most ambitious
routine" and points out that it's a hard song to dance to. Len reminds her to watch her posture and to make her feet and legs more "crisp." Bruno calls her a "class act" and it says it was a difficult song and talks about its "difficult phrasing."
Scores: Carrie Ann: 7 Len: 6 Bruno: 7.More than fair; they're still giving her a bit of a curve there.
William Levy & Cheryl Burke
William claims to have never heard Twisted Sister's "We're Not Gonna Take It." He has led a deprived, sad life. Cheryl brings in a couple of guys calling themselves "Steel Panther" and they
put a wig on William. I think this guy in the mesh shirt might play for Bruno's team, given his appreciation of William's thighs. There's a booty shake, which I can only assume both William and Cheryl did.
I have to assume because the camera is in concentrated close-up on only William's backside. There's a VERY botched move and Cheryl's toes come entirely out of her left shoe. She's dancing
the rest of this routine with her shoe held on by its ankle strap and her toes on the top of the shoe. What a pro! I really like Cheryl's dress tonight. Len points out that they lost their timing and there was bad footwork. The crowd boos, but missing steps is missing steps and the judges are there to judge. The guys from "Steel Panther" are hamming it up in the audience.
Scores: Carrie Ann: 7 Len: 7 Bruno: 8.WAY overscored given that considerable gaffe in the routine.
Roshon Fegan & Chelsie Hightower
Chelsie points out that Roshon has trouble controlling his limbs. That seems like something that would be important in dancing. Roshon says he wants to hear three words from Len, "Good job, dawg." It's good to have dreams, kid. The dry ice machine is out full force for their Viennese waltz to "The Time of My Life." Roshon is in a bedazzled tuxedo and still looks like he's ready for prom. In one of their turns, I swear it looks like a million rhinestones fly off them across the stage.
There's a weird moment where it looks like Roshon's forgotten what to do with his arms and it
leaves Chelsie literally hanging for a moment or two before they recover. Bruno loved it and says it had beautiful, flowing movement and was elegant and romantic. Carrie Ann says it's cute and "like watching the climax of a Disney movie" and says he's the best dancer of the men. Len tells him "Good job, dawg" and it sounds exactly like you expect it would from a 67-year-old Englishman. He
points out their stumble but it doesn't sound like he's going to knock off too much for it.
Scores: Carrie Ann: 9 Len: 8 Bruno: 9.Well, guess Len dinged them after all.
We come back from commercial to a little pie-shaped piece of "Stonehenge" floating around the ballroom. Tom's delivery of "Yeah, it's Stonehenge" just kills me.
Maria Menounos & Derek Hough
Maria's got stress fractures in both feet. Add that to the ribs and the poor girl is falling apart. They're dancing the tango to Alice Cooper's "School's Out." Derek's working a fauxhawk and it's adorable. Derek has done some of the sexiest tangoes on this show and I hope they get to do another tango sometime this year that's not hampered by a dumb song selection. I like this song, but it's not really putting me in the tango mood. Derek slings her around but good at the end and it's very dramatic.
Nia Vardalos, John Stamos, and Rita Wilson are going nuts in the audience. Maria's clambered onto Derek's back and is going to listen to the judges piggyback. When asked if she's ok by Carrie Ann, Maria nods and throws her fist in the air, shouting, "I'm Greek!' So that explains her famous cheerleaders! Carrie Ann compliments their chemistry and talks about the passion and swings her head around so vigorously her earrings smack her in the mouth. Len felt like it lost control sometimes but Maria's posture is great. Bruno says her "top line" is the best. When they cut to a shout of Maria hanging onto Derek you can see how very low cut the back of her dress is, yowza!
Scores: Carrie Ann: 9 Len: 8 Bruno: 9
Gavin DeGraw & Karina Smirnoff
Gavin says "rock and roll is really [his] element." They've got the tango to "Paint It Black." Yes, Gavin is wearing a hat. I see a black hat and I want it to come off. Every week a new chapeau, why won't it come off? I think Karina deliberately choreographed them falling there. I guess that's one way to approach the fumbles that have been happening tonight."
Len wants Gavin to tuck his bum and pull his chest away from Karina. Bruno talks to him about his frame and posture, telling him that his shoulders got high enough that he was resembling a turtle. Carrie Ann applauds his showmanship, comparing him to Johnny Depp. Tom is trying SO HARD to keep this thing running on time. I've got a great idea for saving time - don't let Brooke talk.
Scores: Carrie Ann: 8 Len: 8 Bruno: 7. Ha! I just noticed when rewinding to catch Gavin's score that there was a hilarious of poster of Len in rock star makeup on the stairs going up to the kiss and cry area.
The scores are so bunched up, and with this new dance off for the bottom two, I have no idea who's going home tomorrow. I'm glad I'm not gambling on this thing.
Tom tell us the reason Maks and Melissa are missing from the end of show lineup in the ballroom is that Melissa injured herself and has been taken to the hospital as a precaution. They'll update us on her condition tomorrow night. Or there's this thing? Called the Internet? That'll probably know before the West Coast goes to bed tonight.


text: Sorry if this has been posted before. This is not a thread about sewing, but rather what type of thread do you use to sew your hammock together. It seems to me in a gathered end hammock any thread will do, as were a bridge my require something stronger. What do you think?


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European Commission
Brussels, 8 May 2013
Agriculture and Fisheries Council, 13-14 May 2013
The Agriculture and Fisheries Council meeting of May will take place in Brussels on 13th and 14th May 2013, under the presidency of Mr Simon Coveney, Irish Minister of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. The Commission will be represented by Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development Dacian Cioloş and Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Maria Damanaki. A press conference will be held for each session at the end of the discussions – at lunch on Monday (Agriculture) and at the end of Tuesday's discussions (Fisheries). The public debates and the press conferences can be followed by video streaming: http://video.consilium.europa.eu.
Reform of the Common Fisheries Policy
The Council will discuss the Proposal for a Regulation on the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy. Ministers are expected to adopt a revised mandate to facilitate the next stage of negotiations between the Irish Presidency and the European Parliament on the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy. Negotiations between the European Parliament and the Council on the reform are on-going and there have to date been five trilogues between the two institutions and the Commission. These trilogues are predominantly dealing with the four main substantive issues of the Maximum Sustainable Yield objective, the discard ban, regionalisation and fleet capacity management.
Other issues being discussed include scope and detail of the landing obligation, the rules determining the fixing and distribution of fishing opportunities, the composition of Advisory Councils, Member States' obligation to create fish stock recovery areas and empowerment for the Commission to adopt delegated acts.
The objective of the reformed fisheries policy is to end overfishing and make fishing sustainable - environmentally, economically and socially. The new policy aims to:
Council will also be informed on the state of play of the Proposal for a Regulation on the Common Organisation of the Markets in Fishery and Aquaculture Products.
The Presidency will brief Member States on the state of play of negotiations on the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy proposed by the Commission in October 2011. Following the adoption of their negotiating mandates by the Council and the European Parliament (respectively on 19 and 13 March), eleven trilogues have been held by the three institutions, out of more than 30 which are planned for this final phase of negotiations on CAP reform. The shared objective is to reach a political agreement by the end of June 2013, with the formal adoption of the definitive legislative texts as a 1st reading agreement to follow in the autumn.
The four proposals on the table are:
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