text:
Major Section: OTHER
General Forms: (pstack) ; inspect break (pstack t) ; inspect break, printing all calls in abbreviated form (pstack :all) ; as above, but only abbreviating the ACL2 world
When the form
(pstack) is executed during a break from a proof, or at the
end of a proof that the user has aborted, a ``process stack'' (or ``prover
stack'') will be printed that gives some idea of what the theorem prover has
been doing. Moreover, by evaluating
(verbose-pstack t) before
starting a proof (see verbose-pstack) one can get trace-like information
about prover functions, including time summaries, printed to the screen
during a proof. This feature is currently quite raw and may be refined
considerably as time goes on, based on user suggestions. For example, the
usual control of printing given by set-inhibit-output-lst is irrelevant
for printing the pstack.
The use of
(pstack t) or
(pstack :all) should only be used
by those who are comfortable looking at functions in the ACL2 source code.
Otherwise, simply use
simplify-clause, etc. (in general,
top-level processes in the prover ``waterfall''
clausify: splitting a goal into subgoals
ev-fncall: evaluating a function on explicit arguments
ev-fncall-meta: evaluating a metafunction
forward-chain: building a context for the current goal using
forward-chaining rules
induct: finding an induction scheme
pop-clause: getting the next goal to prove by induction
process-assumptions: creating forcing rounds
remove-built-in-clauses: removing built-in clauses (see built-in-clauses)
process-equational-polys: deducing interesting equations
remove-trivial-equivalences: removing trivial equalities (and
equivalences) from the current goal
rewrite-atm: rewriting a top-level term in the current goal
setup-simplify-clause-pot-lst: building the linear arithmetic database
for the current goal
subsumption-replacement-loop: subroutines of
waterfall: top-level proof control


text:
President Ellen McCulloch-Lovell's Remarks
Thank you, Dean, for your warm welcome and your leadership as Marlboro's first alumnus Chairman. I welcome the podium party as well. We are proud to have our Governor of Vermont and Julie Johnson Kidd, who's done so much to uphold the liberal arts. I welcome former President Tom Ragle and his wife Nancy.
It was a long, long winter and we need to celebrate! The lilacs and apple blossoms have popped, along with a few champagne corks. And here you are, the graduating class of 2013, at this our last ceremony. We call it commencement; it is also farewell.
Let's take a moment for gratitude: for the gift of our own musicians; for the families and friends who supported these graduates through the years; for the board of trustees – their gifts of time, talent and treasure, and love for this college; for your faculty, those mentors who guided and chided you to this honor, who treated you with respect as colleagues. Your achievements are also their achievements. They are the Marlboro you will never forget.
I want to recognize two who are retiring this year after decades of teaching: Jerry Levy, sociology and educator for 37 years, who contributes in so many ways as an author, actor, and annual political candidate; Paul Nelsen, who taught and created theater at Marlboro for 35 years, known internationally as a Shakespeare scholar, who upholds our high standards in the literature of theater and in production.
For visiting professors Brian Mooney and Helen Lewis, and four fellows who became part of our community: Jean-Martin Albert, mathematics; Renee Byrd, social sciences; Evelyn Richardson, classics fellow for Latin and Greek: and Catharine Siller, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Fellow in Digital Arts. For the college staff who coached and encouraged and even employed you.
Now, orals are over, the party barge has set sail, and soon you'll be clearing out, rolling down the hill to Brattleboro, or leaving us for graduate school, jobs, or a future still to be imagined.
What to say about you as a class? Really, you are kind of elusive. Some of you are graduating after being at Marlboro two years – some for six years. You span ages 21 to 65. Two of you are veterans, part of our Marlboro tradition. I heard some of you speak up at Town Meeting, part of the ardent debates – from smoking to the pet policy. Maybe you are the policy debate class!
Surviving the storm Irene along with Vermont, some of you witnessed Governor Shumlin land by helicopter on our soccer field. You trudged through long winters on Potash Hill.
More than a third of you studied abroad in 21 countries. One of you is a World Studies Program graduate.
All of you started your Marlboro experience with a Bridges trip -- part of the Ken Scheck era. Four of you earned certificates in TESOL - Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages - or Nonprofit Management from our graduate programs.
You studied at Marlboro during the era of the Great Recession. If you read or watch the news, you were deluged by the national debate -- doubts about the job market, about student debt, even about the value of a college degree.
Between the lines, I hope you learned that you can expect to be better employed at higher wages than Americans without this degree. But is that the only reason you went to college and worked this hard?
You've been living in Vermont, which I like to call the last sane place, in the Shumlin era: our education Governor, the product of a liberal arts education. You went to college in the Obama era – two historic elections in which you got to vote.
Now, most of you know I'm a partisan, but I have an argument with President Obama and his Department of Education. There's something called the White House Scorecard that purports to measure the "value and performance" of colleges. Here's what it measures: net price; graduation rate; loan default rate; the median amount borrowed; and the type of job and salary earned after graduation.
See the trend? It's all about money. We need to redefine "ROI - return on investment." What about the other returns -- the return on the individual? The return on the community? Research reveals that the person with a college degree not only earns more, but is more likely to vote, to give to her favorite causes, and to volunteer.
You are graduating with the degree most connected to that exercise of choice—a degree in the "liberal arts." Why do we use that term? Our Classics Fellow could tell us the derivation from the Greek and Latin; "liberal" comes from the word for "free." From medieval times until recent history, universities taught prescribed courses thought to constitute the "knowledge worthy of a free man" – and until not long ago, such an education was for men.
But our sense of "liberal" is "liberation" – that we might be "liberated by an education…in the service of human freedom." So says William Cronon in his 1998 article in The American Scholar. What makes a liberally educated person? It's not a transfusion of facts or content, but rather a set of skills and qualities. To paraphrase Cronon, they are:
"To listen and to hear": knowing "how to pay attention… to follow an argument."=
"To read and to understand."
"To write clearly and persuasively."
"To solve a variety of…problems."
"To respect rigor…as a way of seeking truth; to love learning…."
"To practice humility, tolerance, and self-criticism…opening yourself to different perspectives."
"To understand how things get done in the world."
"To nurture and empower the people around you… recognizing that 'no one acts alone.'"
"To 'only connect'—Cronon uses E.M. Forster's phrase—"the ability to see the connections that allow one to make sense of the world and act creatively within it."
Is this sounding familiar? It should. I think I just described the qualities of your Marlboro education. I've lavished some of our last moments together on these to make Cronon's final point: "Education for human freedom is also education for human community." In other words, for the "social good," the culture of connection.
Now that we've lived in this Marlboro community together for a while, I've learned from you. Recently you told me that:
"Our point of view is that we have a strong point of view."
"We need more community spirit. Don't lose traditions like Apple Days, Work Days, Broomball, Midnight Breakfast and the Community Photo."
"I stayed because of my professors – they really care!"
And you said: "Marlboro presumes tremendous individual capacity and responsibility."
That's what education for liberation teaches. Why don't we have a Scorecard for becoming an educated citizen? And yes, we also want you to find a satisfying job or get into a good graduate school—including our own.
Take all those skills you gained researching, organizing, and writing your Plan; know how you solved problems every day; how you followed creative possibilities – and with confidence and joy, believe in yourself and your powers as a liberated and liberating citizen.
This is your era.
Know this too; you will always have a home here at the beautiful village on the hill.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Information by Country
Global Section:
UNICEF Welcomes New Canadian Support to Improve Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools Ensuring Vulnerable Girls are Healthy and Educated
Winnipeg, Tuesday May 20, 2014 Today UNICEF welcomed the Canadian Governments generous new commitment of $7.5 million to support its work improving water, sanitation and hygiene facilities in schools to ensure millions of vulnerable girls are healthy and educated.
"Girls education saves lives and is critical to improving maternal, newborn and child health worldwide," said UNICEF Canada's President and CEO David Morley. "Educated women are healthier, have a higher income and are able to provide better health care and education to their own children. An educated female population also increases a country's productivity and fuels economic growth."
Todays announcement was made by Joy Smith, Member of Parliament for Kildonan-St. Paul, Manitoba, at the Maple Leaf primary school in Winnipeg.
The new funding will support the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WinS) for Girls initiative, led by UNICEF and the United Nations Girls Education Initiative (UNGEI). The program works to ensure adolescent girls have safe, private and adequate hygiene facilities at schools to accommodate their menstrual hygiene needs.
Inadequate facilities at schools force millions of girls around the world to miss class during menstruation. Its estimated that more than half of schools in low-income countries lack sufficient toilets for girls or are unsafe and unclean.
Approximately 1 in 10 school-age African girls do not attend school during menstruation, or drop out at puberty because of the lack of clean and private facilities.
Gender should never impede access to education and health services. Thanks to global efforts, kick-started by the Canada-led Muskoka Initiative in 2010, new attention to important health-related gaps, such as menstrual health management in schools, is having a positive and empowering impact for girls in developing countries, said MP Smith. Canada is proud to support our partners to advance WinS for Girls, an initiative aimed at providing needed health services and enhancing access to education for all girls across the developing world.
Through WinS for Girls UNICEF and UNGEI will work closely with Ministries of Education in 10 countries around the world to assess current facilities at schools to accommodate menstrual hygiene needs. Action plans will be developed and implemented to ensure all girls have supportive and safe learning environments. UNICEF and UNGEI will also educate communities on the link between adequate sanitation and girls education and will ensure communities are able to maintain and expand WASH facilities in schools.
Currently 31 million girls are out of school around the world and women represent nearly two thirds of the world's illiterate. Some countries lose more than $1 billion a year by failing to educate girls to the same level as boys and countries with educated girls are much more likely to have higher economic growth.
We know that safe and supportive learning environments are key to attracting and keeping girls in school. By offering an alternative to the stigma and marginalization associated with hygiene issues, the WinS for Girls initiative will empower girls to take full advantage of educational opportunities, said Nora Fyles, Head of the UNGEI Secretariat.
Todays announcement comes in the lead up to the Government of Canadas Saving Every Woman Every Child: Within Arms Reach, international summit from May 28-30, 2014 in Toronto. The Summit will bring global health leaders together to discuss maternal, newborn and child health progress and actions needed for a final push to end preventable deaths.


text:
- Research
- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
Under-five Protein Energy Malnutrition Admitted at the University of In Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu: a 10 year retrospective review
© Ubesie et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
- Received: 2 August 2011
- Accepted: 5 June 2012
- Published: 14 June 2012
To determine the prevalence, risk factors, co-morbidities and case fatality rates of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) admissions at the paediatric ward of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, South-east Nigeria over a 10 year period.
A retrospective study using case Notes, admission and mortality registers retrieved from the Hospital's Medical Records Department.
All children aged 0 to 59 months admitted into the hospital on account of PEM between 1996 and 2005.
A total of 212 children with PEM were admitted during the period under review comprising of 127 (59.9%) males and 85(40.1%) females. The most common age groups with PEM were 6 to 12 months (55.7%) and 13 to 24 months (36.8%). Marasmus (34.9%) was the most common form of PEM noted in this review. Diarrhea and malaria were the most common associated co-morbidities. Majority (64.9%) of the patients were from the lower socio-economic class. The overall case fatality rate was 40.1% which was slightly higher among males (50.9%). Mortality in those with marasmic-kwashiokor and in the unclassified group was 53.3% and 54.5% respectively.
Most of the admissions and case fatality were noted in those aged 6 to 24 months which coincides with the weaning period. Marasmic-kwashiokor is associated with higher case fatality rate than other forms of PEM. We suggest strengthening of the infant feeding practices by promoting exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, followed by appropriate weaning with continued breast feeding. Under-five children should be screened for PEM at the community level for early diagnosis and prompt management as a way of reducing the high mortality associated with admitted severe cases.
- Under-five children
- Case fatality
- Co-morbidities
- Admission
- Enugu
Globally, PEM continues to be a major health burden in developing countries and the most important risk factor for illnesses and death especially among young children [1]. The World Health Organization estimates that about 60% of all deaths, occurring among children aged less than five years in developing countries, could be attributed to malnutrition [2]. The improvement of nutrition therefore, is the main prerequisite for the reduction of high infant and under five mortality rates, the assurance of physical growth, social and mental development of children as well as academic achievement [3]. Sub-saharan Africa bears the brunt of PEM in the world. On the average, the PEM associated mortality in sub-Saharan Africa is between 25 and 35% [4, 5]. In Nigeria, 22 to 40% of under-five mortality has been attributed to PEM [6]. PEM is also associated with a number of co-morbidities such as lower respiratory tract infections including tuberculosis, diarrhea diseases, malaria and anaemia [7, 8]. These co-morbidities may prolong the duration of hospital stay and death among affected children.
There is a knowledge gap on the incidence and outcome of PEM seen in the Nigerian tertiary health facilities. In this study, the type of PEM among admitted under-five children, the associated morbidities, and duration of hospitalization and outcome at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu over a 10 year period is reviewed.
This study was conducted at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Enugu is the capital of Enugu State, and is located in south-east Nigeria. It has an estimated population of about 3.3 million inhabitants according to the 2006 national census figures [9]. The main social and economic activities include small and medium scale trading, artisan works while a significant number of people are also employed in the various government institutions. The inhabitants are mainly Igbos and cut across all social-economic class. The main health-related problems seen among children in Enugu are diarrhea diseases, malaria and respiratory tract infections. The old site of the Teaching Hospital (where the hospital was cited during the period under review) had 700 bed capacity and provided specialty care in paediatrics, internal medicine, surgery and obstetrics & gynaecology as well as subspecialty care in over 50 other areas. The paediatric wards have 80 bed capacities. On the average 640 children (aged 0–18 years) were admitted into the paediatric wards annually and malnutrition accounted for nearly 3% of those admissions.
Study design
This was a 10 year (1996–2005) retrospective quantitative study. The source documents for retrieving information were the admission and mortality registers of the hospital during the period under review. Available case notes/folders were also retrieved. A proforma was used to obtain relevant information. These information included date of admission and discharge, bio-data, clinical features, history of breast feeding, socio-economic status of the Caregiver, classification of malnutrition using Modified Wellcome Classifications, co-morbidities noted and, eventual outcome. Outcome was discharged from hospital, died while still in the hospital or discharged against medical advice. The advantage of using retrospective quantitative study was that reasonable sample size could be achieved in a relatively short time.
A total of 7703 children were admitted during the period under review. All children aged six to 59 months admitted into the paediatric wards of UNTH Enugu between 1996 and 2005 with diagnosis of any form of PEM were included in this review. Their case files and/or documentations on hospital registers were retrieved from the Medical Records Unit of the hospital. Children with diagnosis of PEM but had in addition, other chronic conditions such as congenital heart diseases and cerebral palsy were excluded.
The outcome variables were recovery and discharged; death and discharge against medical advice. Recovery was defined as children, whose appetite has returned, gaining weight with resolution of clinical features. Death was defined based on hospital records and exclude those that may have died at home. Discharged against medical advice were those that did not meet the discharge criteria but whose Caregivers insisted on going home.
The proforma for the study contained information on the age of the participants in months, sex, year of admission, diagnosis, co-morbidities, mode of breast feeding and duration, socio-economic status and outcome (recovered and discharged, discharged against medical advice or died). Socio-economic status of each child was determined using Oyedeji [10] classification that considers the highest educational attainment and occupation of the parents. The scoring is from I to V; social classes I and II were regarded as upper class, III as middle while IV and V constituted lower social class.
Relevant information was extracted from each retrieved case file and/or hospital registers and transferred into the proforma. Diagnosis of PEM was based on the Modified Wellcome Classification because it was the method used for clinical diagnosis by the clinicians. This classified PEM into kwashiorkor, underweight kwashiorkor, underweight, marasmus, marasmic kwashiorkor and there was also provision for unclassified PEM. Marasmus and the various forms of kwashiorkor are part of the recently defined Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO defined SAM by a very low weight for height (below -3z scores of the median WHO growth standards), visible severe wasting or the presence of nutritional oedema [11, 12]. Modified Wellcome classification uses weight for age and the presence or absence of oedema to classify PEM. The weights were measured using infant weighing scales (Waymaster) and stadiometers (Health Scale) depending on the age of the child. A total of 212 proforma were completed covering the entire period of the study.
Diagnostic methods and clinical definition of co-morbidities
Diagnosis of HIV was made using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay [ELISA] and Westerblot. In children aged less than 18 months, positive antibody test was combined with clinical features to make presumptive diagnosis of HIV infection. Diagnosis of malaria was confirmed using blood film and bronchopneumonia using chest X-ray. Diarrhea was defined as passage of watery or loose stools or an increase in frequency above normal for a child. Severe anaemia was defined using a packed cell volume of less than 15%. Sepsis was defined as clinical features of systemic inflammatory response (fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, leukocytosis or leukopenia) associated with infection. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was made in the presence of chronic cough that have lasted for more three weeks supported by varied combination of the following: positive family history of tuberculosis, positive mantoux, suggestive chest X-ray and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Diagnosis of scabies was clinical based on the typical itching papular rash located at the intertrigous areas. Chronic suppurative otitis media and rickets were suspected clinically and confirmed by culture of ear swab and X-ray of the limbs respectively.
Data analysis
The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. Chi-square was used to test significant association of categorical variables: sex, age group, mortality rate and number of complications while One-way Analyis of Variables (ANOVA) was used to test for significant association of the continuous variable (mean hospitalization duration and mean number of complications). A p-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as significant and 95% confidence interval reported where indicated.
Ethical approval
Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
A total of 7703 children were admitted into the paediatric wards and 212 of them were cases of PEM during the period under review. This represented about 2.8% of the total paediatric admissions. One hundred and twenty seven (59.9%) were males while 85 (40.1) were females giving a male: female ratio of 1: 0.7. The age group studied was 6 to 59 months (under-5). The mean age of the participants was 15.4 ± 9.3 months.
PEM and demography
PEM admissions according to the age groups (months)
PEM type
0-12 m (%)
13-24 m (%)
25-36 m (%)
37-48 m (%)
49-60 m (%)
16 (13.6)
19 (24.4)
3 (33.3)
1 (33.3)
1 (25)
11 (9.3)
6 (7.7)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
6 (5.1)
8 (10.3)
0 (0)
1 (33.3)
0 (0)
48 (40.7)
24 (30.8)
2 (22.2)
0 (0)
0 (0)
37 (31.4)
21 (26.9)
4 (44.4)
1 (33.3)
3 (75)
118 (100)
78 (100)
9 (100)
4 (100)
Sex Distribution of the Clients
PEM type
Male (%)
Female (%)
30 (23.6)
10 (11.8)
12 (9.4)
5 (5.9)
6 (4.7)
9 (10.6)
44 (34.6)
30 (35.3)
35 (27.6)
31 (36.5)
127 (100)
85 (100)
Confounding variables for PEM
The associated co-morbidities seen among patients
48 (72.2)
29 (43.9)
25 (37.9)
Severe anaemia
16 (24.2)
11 (16.7)
9 (13.6)
8 (12.1)
2 (3.0)
Chronic suppurative otitis media
1 (1.5)
1 (1.5)
1 (1.5)
Prevalence of PEM by breastfeeding pattern
Breastfeeding pattern
95% Confidence Intervals
Exclusive breast feeding for 0–3 months
11.2 - 26.6
Predominant breastfeeding 0–3 months
38.8 – 58.4
Predominant breastfeeding 4–6 months
15.9 – 32.7
Breast milk substitutes
2.7 – 13.5
Prognostic indicators
Prognostic indicators of protein-energy malnutrition
Prognostic indicator
Kwash (%)
Marasmus (%)
Unclassified (%)
Mean no of complications
Mean hospitalization days
Mortality rate
12 (30)
1 (5.9)
8 (53. 3)
27 (36.5)
36 (54.5)
Presenting features
There was no significant difference between the two genders from our review. This agrees with an earlier review in Maputo by Cartmell et al. [13]. The age group 6 to 24 months accounted for 92.5% of the total number of children admitted for PEM. In previous Nigerian and Zambian studies, an approximate 64% of admitted cases of PEM were less than two years [4, 14] while Cartmell et al. [13] documented a mean age of 21.7 months in the Maputo study. The reasons for the high number of cases of PEM among the age group 6 to 24 months could be due to a number of factors including low rate of exclusive breast feeding as documented in our review as well as poor weaning and feeding practices. Marasmus was the most common type of PEM noted in our review (34.9%) beside the unclassified cases. Gernaat et al. [4] also found more of marasmic patients among males aged less than a year in their review. Kwashiorkor and marasmus were the most common types among admitted children in Maputo in 1983 but changed to Kwashiokor and marasmic-kwashiokor in 2001 according to the review by Cartmell et al. [13]. This may imply that there is no consistent geographical pattern that predicts the type of PEM a child will manifest but rather depends on interplay of factors.
High PEM associated mortality
The overall mortality in our study was 40.1% which although lower than the WHO estimated 60% [2] is still very high. Studies conducted in various parts of Africa have documented unacceptable high mortality rates among children admitted for PEM. In Oshogbo, South West Nigeria, Ibekwe and Ashworth [6] documented an average mortality rate of 22% over a five year period among 803 children admitted for PEM in a Nutritional Rehabilitation Center. Similarly, in a hospital based study in north-eastern Zambia, involving children below the age of five years, Gernaat et al.[4] documented an overall mortality rate of 25.8% among 288 children admitted for various types of severe/complicated malnutrition . Higher mortality rate for marasmic kwashiorkor than marasmus or kwashiorkor was noted in this review. Gernaat et al.[4] noted similar finding in their review among Zambian children admitted and managed for PEM. This reason for this is unclear. However, Ibekwe and Ashworth [6] did note that PEM associated mortality among oedematous patients was significantly higher compared to those with marasmus. It can be argued therefore, that presence of oedema in a malnourished child connotes poor prognosis. The mean duration of hospitalization was 16 days which is similar to 13.1 and 14.3 days reported by Cartmell et al. [13] but differs from the 35 days reported by Ibekwe and Ashworth [6]. Both this review and the study by Cartmell et al. were hospital based while that of Ibekwe and Ashworth was conducted in a Nutrition Rehabilitation Center. The pressure on bed spaces in a hospital setting could have contributed to earlier discharges in hospital settings.
Associated risk factors for PEM
Our review noted that PEM was more common among children from the lower social class (69.4%) and those predominantly breast fed for three months or less (48.6%) compared to exclusively breast fed children (18.9%). The reason for this may not be unconnected to the fact that poor families have low purchasing power for adequate nutritious foods for their families. Illiteracy on the other hand, may influence feeding practices. The low rate of exclusive breast feeding noted in this review despite the Baby Friendly Initiatives is also very worrisome. Poverty and illiteracy as risk factors for PEM have been documented in the literature. . In a case control study conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh which involved children aged six to 24 months, Nahar et al.[15] compared 507 children with weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) < −3 matched for age, sex and place of residence with 500 children whose weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) were > −2.5 . They documented that severely-underweight children were more likely to have: undernourished poorly educated teenage mothers, history of shorter duration of predominant breastfeeding, and fathers who were poorly educated and unskilled day-labourers [15].
Diarrhea, malaria, sepsis and severe anaemia were the most prevalent associated co-morbidities from our review in that order. In Maputo, the most prevalent co-morbidities associated with PEM by Cartmell et al. were anaemia, bronchopneumonia, malaria and diarrhea. The prevalence of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) from our review was 13.6% and this compares to a prevalence of 12% in the Maputo study. This finding underscored the high rate of HIV infection among children with severe forms of PEM and the need to routinely screen such children for HIV when they present at a health facility.
Younger children aged less than two years accounted for most of the admissions in this review. Marasmic-kwashiokor was associated with higher case fatality rate than other types of PEM. There is need therefore to strengthen the infant feeding practices by promoting exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, followed by appropriate weaning with continued breast feeding till second year of life. PEM was associated with high rate of mortality in this hospital setting and preventive strategies need to be emphasized instead.
Limitation and strength
This is a retrospective study and was not designed to optimize the risk factors and outcome of PEM but relied on data from previous documentations. At best, it may be a fair representation of some of the factors associated with PEM in a typical Nigerian teaching hospital. It is however the first paper to review PEM managed at a Nigeria tertiary health facility over a 10 year period.
Authors' information
ACU is a Lecturer in the Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria and also an Honorary Consultant in the Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu. NSI is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria and also an Honorary Consultant in the Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu. CCU is the Head of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu.
We are grateful to Messers OO Ojelabi and Onoh of the Medical Records Unit of UNTH Enugu for assisting us with the necessary resource documents for data extractions. We are also indebted to the biostatistician, Dr. Okey Nna of Safety Molecular Pathology Laboratory, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus for assisting us with the statistical analysis.
Authors' Affiliations
- Muller O, Krawinkel M: Malnutrition and health in developing countries. CMAJ. 2005, 173 (3): 279-286. 10.1503/cmaj.050342. Available from: http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/173/3/279. (Accessed March 2, 2011)View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Faruque ASG, Ahmed AMS, Ahmed T, Islam MM, Hossain MI, Roy SK, Alam N, Kabir I, Sack DA: Nutrition: Basis for Healthy Children and Mothers in Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr. 2008, 26 (3): 325-339. [Online]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/pmc/articles/PMC2740711/?tool=pmcentrez. (Accessed July 8, 2011)PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Anwar F, Khomsan A, Sukandar D, Riyadi H, Mudjajanto ES: High participation in posyandu nutrition program improved children nutritional status. Nutr Res Pract. 2010, 4 (3): 208-214. 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.3.208. [Online]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/pmc/articles/PMC2895701/?tool=pmcentrez. (Accessed July 15, 2011)View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Gernaat HB, Dechering WH, Voorhoeve WH: Mortality in Severe Protein-energy Malnutrition at Nchelenge, Zambia. J Trop Pediatr. 1998, 44 (4): 211-217. 10.1093/tropej/44.4.211. [Online]. Available from: http://tropej.oxfordjournals.org.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/content/44/4/211.abstract. (Accessed March 3, 2011)View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Rutherford GW, Mahanjane AE: Morbidity and Mortality in the Mozambican Famine of 1983: Prevalence of Malnutrition and Causes and Rates of Death and Illness among Dislocated Persons in Gaza and Inhambane Provinces. J Trop Pediatr. 1985, 31: 143-149.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Ibekwe VE, Ashworth A: Management of protein energy malnutrition in Nigeria: an evaluation of the regimen at the Kersey Nutrition Rehabilitation Center, Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994, 88: 594-595. 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90177-5.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- le Roux1 IM, le Roux K, Scott WC, Greco EM, Desmond KA, Mbewu N, Rotheram-Borus MJ: Home visits by neighborhood Mentor Mothers provide timely recovery from childhood malnutrition in South Africa: results from a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J. 2010, 9: 56-10.1186/1475-2891-9-56. [Online]. Available from: http://www.nutritionj.com/content/9/1/56. (Accessed January 6, 2012)View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Ejaz MS, Latif N: Stunting and micronutrient deficiencies in malnourished children. J Pak Med Assoc. 2010, 60 (7): 543-547. [Online]. Available from: http://www.jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=2165. (Accessed January 6, 2012)PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Enugu population: National population commission. Provisional census figures. Official Gazette Federal Republic Nigeria. 2007, 24: B-185-Google Scholar
- Oyedeji GA: Socioeconomic and cultural background of hospitalised children in Ilesha. Niger J Paediatr. 1985, 12: 11-Google Scholar
- Gernaat HB, Voorhoeve WH: A New Classification of Acute Protein Energy Malnutrition. J Trop Pediatr. 2000, 46: 96-106. [Online]. Available from: http://tropej.oxfordjournals.org.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/content/46/2.toc. (Accessed July 15, 2011)View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- WHO: Severe Acute Malnutrition. 2011, [Online]. Available from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/malnutrition/en/index.html. (Accessed July 16, 2011)Google Scholar
- Cartmell E, Natalal H, Francois I, Ferreira MH, Grahnquist L: Nutritional and Clinical Status of Children Admitted to the Malnutrition Ward, Maputo Central Hospital: A Comparison of Data from 2001 and 1983. J Trop Pediatr. 2005, 51 (2): 102-105. 10.1093/tropej/fmh088.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Nnakwe N: The effect and causes of protein-energy malnutrition in Nigerian children. Nutr Res. 1995, 15 (6): 785-794. 10.1016/0271-5317(95)00044-J.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Nahar B, Ahmed T, Brown KH, Hossain MI: Risk Factors Associated with Severe Underweight among Young Children Reporting to a Diarrhoea Treatment Facility in Bangladesh. J health Popul Nutr. 2010, 28 (5): 476-483. [Online]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/pmc/articles/PMC2963770/?tool=pmcentrez. (Accessed July 9, 2011)PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
A water main break and a ramp closure is causing stop-and-go delays on a stretch of the Saw Mill River Parkway in both directions in Dobbs Ferry on Wednesday morning.
The incident occurred at Lawrence Street at approximately 7:30 a.m. and has also resulted in the closure of the southbound Lawrence Street exit ramp.
A bit east of that crash, there is an accident causing delays on eastbound I-287 at Exit 5 (Route 119/Route 100) with traffic backed up to the Saw Mill Parkway (Exit 1).
Check back to Daily Voice for updates.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


text:
Here is a cool tool you can use to make Moving Typewriter Text. It is easy and good for if you need a moving header on a blog post (Or whatever). I seriously thought about putting the whole article in this tool, but because it moves around, I figured no one would be able to read it.
Moving Typewriter Text Maker Yo
Cait Hagar


text:
A redesigned HUDOIG.gov is coming Monday, June 17!
The Hotline is the primary report intake operation for HUD's Office of Inspector General (OIG). The Hotline takes reports of fraud, serious waste, abuse, or gross mismanagement in HUD or HUD-funded programs from HUD employees, contractors, and the public. The Hotline coordinates reviews of these reports with OIG auditors and investigators or with HUD program offices. The Hotline is staffed by OIG employees who are familiar with HUD programs and OIG audit and investigative requirements.
Help HUD's Secretary to ensure the integrity of departmental operations by reporting suspected fraud, waste, abuse or gross mismanagement in HUD programs or operations:
HUD Inspector General Hotline (GFI)
451 7th Street, SW
Washington, DC 20410
HUD OIG Hotline Phone:
1-800-347-3735 (Toll-Free)


text:
Remember Who You Really Are Manifestation Tattoo. It's the quickest, most direct route to peace and love, the essence of who you truly are.
Size: 3" x 1"
Save 20% with purchase of a Power Pack/10 of our Remember Who You Really Are Temporary Tattoo!
Our Manifestation Tattoo 2-Packs & Power 10-Packs come attractively and responsibly packaged with eco-friendly materials. Each pack includes 1 alcohol pad to clean/prep skin for best application, and "Intention Setting" instructions to prepare the soul. A self-empowerment kit in every pack! Perfect for gift giving!
Conscious Ink Manifestation Temporary Tattoos are empowering tools purposefully created to support you in manifesting your dreams, desires, and intentions. Even at the most basic level, these empowering messages can have a profound effect on us by simply reminding us of our intentions as we go about our day.
Words are no doubt powerful, but to what extent? According to Dr. Emoto & his groundbreaking research on water, even water molecules are affected by thoughts, words, and feelings (see Science & Energy). Well, since our bodies are 70% water, just imagine the influence thoughts, words and feelings have on us! Apply liberally;-)
Our long lasting Temporary Tattoos last 2-5 days on average (up to 10) depending on skin type, usage and application. They're safe, non-toxic and made with FDA certified colorants. They exceed safety standards for the FDA, Canada and the EU. Packaging is made with recycled paper. Eco friendly. Made in USA.
You're a Conscious Inker. Now you've got a hat to match. Our classic trucker style Manifestation Hat features an adjustable closure at back and "Conscious Inker" manifesto stitched on front....
You're a Conscious Inker. Now you've got a hat to match. Our classic trucker style Manifestation Hat features an adjustable closure at back and "Conscious Inker" manifesto stitched on front....
This Special Edition Conscious Ink Collaboration with the inspiring Jennifer Pastiloff, whose new book On Being Human, will empower you to wake up, live real, and listen hard! https://www.jenniferpastiloff.com To preorder...
Love Is Greater Than Fear Manifestation Tattoo. With every decision, just ask yourself, "Am I acting out of love or fear?" And if fear gets a hold of you, just pause,...
"OUR JOB is to simply EMBRACE who we TRULY are and LET GO of the details. The ENTIRE UNIVERSE conspires to pollinate a SINGLE FLOWER. We'll be just fine."
~Frank Gjata, Conscious Ink Founder
Join us for personally-written articles, empowering quotes, tips for transformation, and even Free Manifestation Tattoos! :-)


text:
Author Notes: This tart was inspired by what I consider a really great pizza: whole wheat crust, lots of roasted vegetables and really good cheese. It's great as a vegetarian main course in late winter because the baked ricotta and savory shell offer some comforting indulgence, while the veggies stretch in the direction of spring dishes. You can easily vary the toppings: try caramelized onions (never a bad idea!), roasted red bell peppers, sauteed eggplant or roasted garlic. —julie_chicago
Serves: 8
Whole Wheat Tart Shell
cup whole wheat flour
cup all-purpose flour
teaspoon salt
tablespoon chopped fresh rosemary
cup unsalted butter, cut into small cubes and chilled
1/4 to 1/2
cups ice water
Tart filling
tablespoon extra virgin olive oil (divided)
pound asparagus, trimmed and cut into 2-inch lengths
Satl and freshly ground black pepper to taste
ounces cremini or button mushrooms, sliced
ounces Portobello mushrooms, sliced and cut into 2-inch lengths
scallions, thinly sliced
1 1/2
teaspoons fresh thyme leaves
1 1/2
cups ricotta cheese (lowfat or regular)
cup crumbled feta cheese
large egg, lightly beaten
Whole Wheat Tart Shell
- To make the tart shell: Preheat oven to 400 degrees F. In a food processor, pulse the flours, salt and rosemary to combine. Add the cold, diced butter and pulse until you have a coarse mixture roughly the size of small peas. Sprinkle ¼ c. of the ice water over the flour mixture, then pulse again, adding additional water as needed until the dough just starts to come together. It should still look scraggly and a little sandy at this point. You don't want to get it so wet that it forms a ball in the food processor.
- Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface, pressing and kneading it together and forming it into a disk. Roll into a 12 or 13 inch circle, about 1/8 inch thick, with a floured rolling pin, keeping the dough moving on your floured surface so it does not stick. Drape the dough over your rolling pin and transfer it into a 9 or 10-inch fluted tart pan with a removable bottom. Press the dough into the sides of the pan and trim any excess dough hanging over the edges. You can use these extra pieces to patch any holes. Prick the dough all over with a fork and freeze for 20 minutes.
- Bake for 20 minutes or until shell is just beginning to color.
Tart filling
- While tart shell bakes, prepare filling: Heat half the oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add asparagus and cook 3-4 minutes, or until soft. Season with salt and pepper and transfer to a bowl. Add remaining oil and the mushrooms to the skillet and cook for 5 minutes, or until the mushrooms are soft. Season with salt and pepper. Add the scallions and cook for 2-3 minutes. Add the mushroom mixture and fresh thyme to the asparagus and stir gently to combine.
- In another bowl, combine the ricotta and feta. Season with pepper and just a pinch of salt if desired (because the feta is salty). Stir in the egg. Spread the cheese mixture inside the tart shell. Spread the vegetables over the cheese. Bake (still at 400 F) for 25-30 minutes, or until the cheese is slightly puffed. Rest for about 10 minutes on a cooling rack and serve.
More Great Recipes:
Pie|Tart|Green Onion/Scallion|Rosemary|Thyme|Whole Wheat|Vegetable|Cheese|Serves a Crowd|Spring|Vegetarian|Appetizer


text:
The OSI95 transport service with multimedia support
Springer-Verlag, 1994 - Computers - 515 pages
The tremendous development of the communication environment with local area networks and broadband ISDN has opened the way for drastic changes in network performance and has introduced new services. Within the framework of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), the goal of the ESPRIT project OSI95 (High Performance OSI Protocols with Multimedia Support on HSLANs and B-ISDN) was to design and formally specify a new transport service (and a transport protocol) able to meet the requirements of the new applications and to offer the services available at network and sub-network levels. This report gives an extended presentation of the new networking environment and the rationale for new standards, then presents the various tasks and goals of the OSI95 project.
What people are saying - Write a review
We haven't found any reviews in the usual places.
The Networking Environment of the Nineties and the Need
The XTP Study
Validation of the Xpress Transfer Protocol XTP
18 other sections not shown
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
andthen architecture ATM Adaptation Layer B-ISDN behaviour bytes calling OSI95 CCITT cell CNTL packet communication compulsory Computer connectionless connectionless-mode constraints CONTEXT continuous media Danthine data transfer defined direction of data endproc endtype entity environment eqns eqns forall error control Estelle exit false fast connect FDDI Formal Description Techniques functions implementation indication interaction interface ISO/IEC IsValidCon2For jitter layer LOTOS LOTOS-T mechanism module multicast multimedia multiplexing negotiation network layer nmax noexit nthld ofsort Bool OnTopOf Open Systems Interconnection opns orchestration OSI Reference Model OSI95 Transport Service OSI95 TS provider OSI95 TS user performance pgih primitive QoS parameters QoS value queue re-negotiation received request requirements semantics sender sequence service provider service user simulation specification synchronisation T-RELEASE ta:TAddress tcei:TCEI tsp:TSP tcei TCEP TCRERCont thld throughput TPDUs transit delay transmission transport protocol TSDU virtual circuit


text:
22CINEmA is a web scraper coded to crawl and index online movie sites. 22cinema.com do not host or upload any videos or movies other than indexing them.
Therefore, nontonindo.com is not responsible for the accuracy, compliance, copyright, legality, decency, or any other aspect of the content from the scraped sites.
If you have any issues please contact us.


text:
Find hotels & motels in Gates using the list below. Search for cheap and discounted hotel and motel rates in or near Gates, NY for your corporate or personal leisure travel. We show the best Gates New York hotel rooms. Review the Gates hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. We also have a map of the Gates hotels. Need 5+ Rooms? Secure Gates Group Hotel Rates
The Gates center is approximately 1 mile east of Total Sports Experience and 2 miles northwest of Greater Rochester International Airport.
How should we direct your call?


text:
Drummer Jack DeJohnette was 23 years old when he made his first recording with The Charles Lloyd Quartet in 1966. Since that time he's been a driving (and we do mean 'driving') force in the world of jazz. This year he'll be celebrating his birthday (August 9th) all year long with a number of special events, such as his current tour with his old friends, Chick Corea on piano and Stanley Clarke on bass.
Earlier this month, during their 4-night engagement at Jazz Alley in Seattle, this jazz super-group visited the KPLU/Jazz24 Performance Studio for a little conversation with jazz host, Abe Beeson, and a whole lot of music. They must have had Miles Davis on their minds that day because they began with John Coltrane's Miles' Mode and continued with Victor Feldman's composition Joshua, which was originally recorded by Miles Dave on his Seven Steps To Heaven album.


text: 16 Yurui Tian, saxophone | School of Music | Kent State University Skip to main content SearchCloseSEARCH KENT STATE Search Search in: School of MusicAll www.kent.edu SearchSearch A-Z Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Apply Visit Give Now FlashLine Login Calendars Phone DirectoryFaculty & Staff Phone Directory Emeriti or Retiree All Departments Maps & Directions Search School of MusicCollege of the Arts Menu About Us Close About Us Overview Welcome News Multimedia Newsletter Performance Venues Hire a Musician Kent Blossom Music Festival In the News Live Streaming Social Media Media Sponsors Support Us Admissions & Academics Close Admissions & Academics Overview Undergraduate Graduate Areas of Study International Admissions Incoming Students Online Master of Music in Music Education Schedule a Visit Apply Auditions Ensembles Close Ensembles Overview Faculty Ensembles Student Ensembles Instrumental Ensemble Auditions Choral Ensemble Auditions Opera Faculty & Staff Current Students Close Current Students Overview Undergraduate Students Graduate Students Advising Recital Hall Scheduling Green Room Scheduling Student Recital Series Lockers Student Recital Procedure Alumni Close Alumni Overview Alumni Update Form Alumni at a Glance Alumni Spotlight Events Close Events Overview Upcoming Concerts Buy Tickets Academic Events Kent Keyboard Series New Music at Kent State Contact Us FlashLine Login Calendars Phone DirectoryFaculty & Staff Phone Directory Emeriti or Retiree All Departments Maps & Directions Search Apply Visit Give Now Live Chat KentSchool of MusicYurui Tian, saxophone Yurui Tian, saxophone Kent Student recital. Held in Ludwig Recital Hall. Related Events Jun 28 7:00 pm Kent State Summer Band | Dr. Jesse Leyva, Director Jul 03 7:30 pm Kent Blossom Music Festival | Faculty Concert | July 3 Jul 10 7:30 pm Kent Blossom Music Festival | Faculty Concert | July 10 Share Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on LinkedIn Share by Email School of Music College of the Arts Mailing Address P.O. Box 5190Kent, OH 44242-0001 Street Address 800 E. Summit St.Kent, OH 44242 Street Address1325 Theatre Drive, Kent, Ohio 44242Mailing AddressPO Box 5190Kent, OH 44242-0001 Contact Us 330-672-3000 email@example.com Contact UsOffice: 330-672-2172, Fax: email@example.com YouTube YouTube Facebook Facebook Twitter Twitter Instagram Instagram Quick LinksBuy Tickets Upcoming Events Apply Instrumental Ensemble Placement Auditions Kent State Kent Campus - Facebook Kent State Kent Campus - Twitter Kent State Kent Campus - YouTube Kent State Kent Campus - Instagram Kent State Kent Campus - LinkedIn Kent State Kent Campus - Snapchat Kent State Kent Campus - Pinterest ... Information Accessibility Emergency Information For Our Alumni For the Media Jobs & Employment Life at KSU May 4th, 50th Commemoration Privacy Statement Tuition Technology Support Website Feedback


text: James Madison (1751 – 1836) [cite this] More images » Life in Brief: Like his close friend Thomas Jefferson, James Madison came from a prosperous family of Virginia planters, received an excellent education, and quickly found himself drawn into the debates over independence. In 1776, he became a delegate to the revolu… more life in brief » Essays about James Madison Life in Brief Life in Brief: Like his close friend Thomas Jefferson, James Madison came from a prosperous family of Virginia planters, received an excellent education, and quickly found himself drawn into the debates over independence. In 1776, he became a delegate to the revolutionary Virginia Convention, where he worked close… Life Before the Presidency Life Before the Presidency: Raised on a plantation in sight of the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, James Madison, born on March 16, 1751, was a sickly child who never strayed far from his mother's side. His father, James Madison Sr., acquired substantial wealth by inheritance and also by his marriage to Nelly Conway, the… Campaigns and Elections Campaigns and Elections: The Campaign and Election of 1808: In line with the precedent established by Washington, Thomas Jefferson refused to stand for a third term, endorsing instead his friend Madison as his successor. Jefferson's wish was fulfilled by a Democratic-Republican caucus in Congress, although not with…Domestic Affairs Domestic Affairs: During the James Madison presidency, domestic affairs took a backseat to foreign affairs, as would be expected of a nation at war. The President made this point clear in his public addresses. For example, Madison's first inauguration speech stressed his commitment to neutrality in the French-…Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs: Just prior to James Madison's assumption of office, Congress passed the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809, which replaced Jefferson's failed embargo. It allowed the resumption of world trade with the exclusion of trade with England and France, thus barring French and British vessels from Ameri…Life After the Presidency Life After the Presidency: Madison left the White House and retired to his Virginia plantation, Montpelier, where he spent his remaining years supervising his large plantation holdings and slaves. Being a gentleman planter scarcely utilized all his energies, however, and the sixty-eight-year-old former President e…Family Life Family Life: The mild-mannered James Madison had no children of his own, and his wife's son, John Payne Todd, age eighteen in 1808, spent as much time away from the Madison household at school as he did at home. The President enjoyed few leisure hobbies other than playing chess and devouring classical l…The American Franchise The American Franchise: In 1810, the most populous state in the Union was Virginia, with 975,000 people, followed by New York (959,000), Pennsylvania (810,000), and North Carolina (556,000). The newest state, Ohio, which was admitted to the Union in 1803, held 231,000 people, nearly reaching the population of New Jersey (2…Impact and Legacy Impact and Legacy: For many historians, Madison is a puzzle: "the Father of the Constitution," co-founder of the Democratic-Republican Party, and brilliant secretary of state under Jefferson, yet he is not rated as a spectacular President. Part of the explanation for this contrast has to do with Madi… About His Administration First Lady Dolley Madison Vice President Elbridge Gerry (1813-1814) George Clinton (1809-1812) Secretary of State James Monroe (1811–1817) Robert Smith (1809–1811) Attorney General Richard Rush (1814–1817) William Pinkney (1811–1814) Caesar A. Rodney (1809–1811) Postmaster General Return J. Meigs Jr. (1814–1817) Gideon Granger (1809–1814) Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford (1816–1817) Alexander J. Dallas (1814- 1816) George W. Campbell (1814) Albert Gallatin (1809–1814) Secretary of the Navy Benjamin W. Crowninshield (1815–1817) William Jones (1813–1814) Paul Hamilton (1809–1812) Secretary of War George Graham (1816–1817) William H. Crawford (1815–1816) Alexander J. Dallas (1815) James Monroe (1814–1815) John Armstrong (1813–1814) William Eustis (1809–1812) Facts about James Madison Term: 4th President of the United States (1809 – 1817) Born: March 16, 1751, Port Conway, Virginia Political Party: Democratic-Republican Died: June 28, 1836 Nickname: "Father of the Constitution" Education: College of New Jersey (now Princeton University, graduated 1771) Religion: Episcopalian Marriage: September 15, 1794, to Dolley Payne Todd (1768–1849) Children: None Career: Politician, Planter Buried: Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia WritingsWritings (9 vols., 1900–1910), ed. by Gaillard Hunt; The Papers of James Madison (1962–), ed. by W. T. Hutchinson, R. A. Rutland, et al. James Madison Image Gallery More images » Our country abounds in the necessaries, the arts, and the comforts of life. March 4, 1813 Citation Information Consulting Editor J.C.A. Stagg Professor Stagg is the editor-in-chief of the Papers of James Madison Project and a history professor at the University of Virginia. In addition to the volumes of Madison's papers, his writings include: Mr. Madison's War: Politics, Diplomacy and Warfare in the Early American Republic, 1783–1830 (Princeton University Press, 1983) James Monroe » « Thomas Jefferson American President has changed! Click here to take a short survey and tell us what you think!


text:
17-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today:
Wednesday, October 2, 1912: I guess I'll go tomorrow. We have Thursday and Friday off. Think I'm glad of it
Her middle-aged granddaughter's comments 100 years later:
Grandma was referring to the Milton Fair in this post. The previous day, she mentioned that it was fair week.
It's interesting how the school closed for two days so that students could attend the fair. What was the educational aspect of the fair? . . .or maybe the teacher just figured that students would skip school anyway for the fair, so he might as well give them the days off.
I think that when I was a child that we got a half day off to attend another fair–the Bloomsburg Fair. I wonder if schools do that any more.


text:
Complaints procedures and how to contact us
We're committed to providing you with an efficient and courteous service, but it's inevitable that things go wrong occasionally.
Let us know when this happens so that we can put matters right as soon as possible. Equally, if you have any suggestions about how we might improve our service generally, we will be happy to listen.
General complaints
Write to:
Home Office
Direct Communications Unit
2 Marsham Street
London SW1P 4DF
Tel: 020 7035 4848
Fax: 020 7035 4745
Minicom: 020 7035 4742
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Border and Immigration Agency complaints
See the Complaints page on the Border and Immigration Agency website (new window), which explains which part of the Agency to complain to for which kind of complaint.
Police complaints
There are a number of ways you can complain about the police:
Go to your local police station
You can go to a police station and ask to see a senior police officer. He or she will advise you on how to register your complaint.
Contact the Independent Police Complaints Commission
You can contact the Independent Police Complaints Commission who will contact the police force on your behalf.
Write to:
Independent Police Complaints Commission
90 High Holborn
London WC1V 6BH
Tel: 08453 002 002
Visit: www.ipcc.gov.uk
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Complain to other organisations
can also contact the following organisations who can all provide information on making a complaint to the police:
- Citizen's Advice Bureau (new window)
- Youth Offending Team (new window)
- Equality and Human Rights Commission (new window)


text:
Below you can see the picture gallery from Aluminium Multifunction Elevator Laptop Computer Monitor Stand For Desk Prepare 26
stand v002p dual monitor stand vivous pertaining to for desk plan 29, deal alert mount it standing desk sit stand converter for with regard to monitor prepare 28, sit stand workstation for two 27 monitors throughout monitor desk decor, aluminium multifunction elevator laptop computer monitor stand for desk prepare 26, kangaroo elite desktop sit stand workstation triple monitor with regard to for desk idea 25, adjustable stand up desk with monitor mount store for inspirations 24, easyup height adjustable sit stand desk riser foldable laptop for monitor plans 23, computer desk with monitor mount mounted pertaining to stand for designs 22, computer desk monitor shelf best 25 stand ikea ideas on within for 21, computer screen stand for desk best 25 monitor ideas on design 20, monitor stand for desk zoom single lcd clamp pertaining to ideas 19, computer monitor stand for desk dual mount desktop onsingularity com throughout plan 18, compact dual monitor arm small stands varidesk with regard to stand for desk plan 17, walnut monitor stand gadget flow inside for desk inspirations 16, desk mounts monitor arms and stands ergotron intended for stand ideas 15, monitor risers and stands at office depot officemax for stand desk designs 14, computer desk monitor shelf best 25 stand for ideas regarding 13, lcd monitor mount sit stand adjustable desks up workstation throughout for desk inspirations 12, desk mounts monitor arms and stands ergotron inside stand for plans 11, silver lcd monitor desk mount for 10 24 flat screen with regard to in stand plans, dual monitor desk mount ceg portland diy to regarding stand for idea 9, best 25 monitor stand ideas on pinterest computer desk intended for remodel 8, amazing 9 diy computer monitor riser stand 4 steps with pictures intended for desk designs 7, apple monitor stand file cabinet wooded office desk storange with for decor 6, amazon com stand steady winston workstation triple monitor mount with for desk decor 5, gas spring desk monitor mount adjustable arm regarding stand for inspirations 4, adjustable gemini monitor stand file cabinet wooded office desk pertaining to for decorations 3, amazing computer monitor stand for desk review and photo with regard to inspirations 2, captivating monitor stand for desk on no 1 modern home office within designs, amazon com amazonbasics adjustable monitor stand computers inside for desk plan 0, Gallery.
hopeimagey you find the image you are looking for on our website, you also can see popular picture in popular post box.
If you like this picture please right click and save the picture, thanks for visiting this website, we provide a lot of options related to Aluminium Multifunction Elevator Laptop Computer Monitor Stand For Desk Prepare 26 images for you, do not hesitate to come back.


text:
FOXBOROUGH, Mass. – New England Revolution defender Darrius Barnes underwent successful surgery to repair a sports hernia on his right side earlier this afternoon. The procedure was performed by Dr. David Berger at Massachusetts General Hospital earlier today.
Barnes' recovery and rehabilitation period is expected to be approximately six weeks, and he is expected to be ready for the start of preseason training after the New Year.
Barnes, 23, appeared in 21 games, starting 20, in 2010, and played 1,800 minutes, almost exclusively as a central defender. As a rookie in 2009, Barnes was the only field player in the league to play every minute of all 30 MLS games.
The Revolution concluded the 2010 MLS season with a 9-16-5 overall record (32 pts.) and was sixth in the MLS Eastern Conference. The team is currently going through postseason workouts at Gillette Stadium.
Season tickets for the 2011 season are now available, and start at $216 for 17-game packages. Call 1-877-GET-REVS or click here for more information.


text:
The September 9 edition of the Monterey County Weekly featured Monterey Institute professor Kelley Calvert's article "Gulf Stream: The impacts of BP's oil spill still linger in the Southeast – and Monterey County" as its cover story. Calvert writes about her recent trip to the Gulf, shares her observations and recounts her conversations with locals. When she returns home to the Monterey Bay Area, another region with a strong and vital relationship to the ocean, she starts thinking about the impact of the spill on the Central Coast. In the article, Calvert quotes Monterey Institute graduates and other people from the Monterey area who are working on the clean-up efforts in the Gulf and talks about how the disaster has reminded Californians of the stakes they have in protecting their marine environment.
Kelley Calvert is assistant professor and director of the Writing Center at the Monterey Institute, and spent last summer on a bio-diesel fueled road trip across the country exploring our dependence on fossil fuels and related issues. She is currently working on her first book, Hope Walks into a Bar Looking for Change, about the three month long journey and her search for hope and change. Along the way she realized that hope does not have to be a noun, and is now advocating for taking hope into your own hands or Hope the Verb.
For More Information
Jason Warburg
Eva Gudbergsdottir


text:
AGCO Corporation expands the options for hay equipment with its new lines of square balers, round balers and rakes.
New Idea square balers. Models in New Idea's new 7200 series of square balers follow true centerline design.
The 7205, 7210, 7215 and 7220 feature chain drives, adjustable pickup flotation, dual gauge wheels and centering augers. The 7205 and 7210 offer hydraulic bale throwers, hydraulic pickup lifts and hydraulic density controls as options. The two balers, as well as the 7215, make 14- x 18-in. bales; the 7220 makes slightly larger 16- x 18-in. bales. Price: $13,890 to $22,155.
The 7233, the only large square baler in the lineup, needs only 90 hp to produce 1,000 lbs. of dry hay or 1,500 lbs. of silage bales measuring 3 x 3 ft. It can attach to the 7235 accumulator that holds one to five bales between 4 ft., 11 in. and 8 ft. Price: $61,145 to $65,900.
New Idea round balers. New Idea claims that its new variable chamber round balers produce solid, high-density bales that offer easy handling and excellent weatherability. Features on the 6365, 6364 and 6345 include centering augers, stuffer fingers and hydraulically actuated slip clutches. The 6364 and 6365 also have self-contained hydraulic systems that wrap the bale, disengage the drive, eject the bale, close the baler and reengage the drive with the touch of a button. These two models can produce bales that are 72 in. in diameter and weigh up to 2,200 lbs. The 6345 produces 1,140-lb. bales measuring 60 in. in diameter. Price: $11,250 to $28,150.
New Idea rakes. Nine rakes in three different series are the new additions to New Idea's line of hay rake equipment.
All of the wheel rakes feature 55-in. rake wheels, 7-mm-dia. rake tines, 40 tines/wheel, and tapered, roller wheel bearings.
The smaller 4317 and 4318 feature 8 wheels and a 12.5- to 17.2-ft. raking width to make 40- to 68-in. windrows. The 4321, 4322 and 4324 can rake up to 24 ft. using 12 rake wheels and make windrows that vary from 33 to 68 in. The 4324 wheel rake includes inboard rake wheels, hydraulic folding wings and 46 in. of clearance under the rear beam.
The V-rakes feature simultaneous-lifting rake wheels and an adjustable drawbar clevis. The 4308, 4310 and 4312 contain 8, 10 and 12 wheels, respectively, while raking in 16 to 24 ft. of hay, making variable 48- to 72-in. windrows.
The 4240 rotary rake features a cam-operated tine action and has 12 toothbars with 4 double tines per toothbar. It can rake up to 14.75 ft. of hay. Price: $1,660 to $9,865.
Hesston rakes. Hesston introduces one rotary rake and three V-rakes to its hay equipment line.
Its newest rotary rake, model 3740, features cam-operated tine action and 12 individual toothbars that can be attached or detached from the rotor arms. An internal rotor cam varies the width of the windrow. It can rake in 14 ft., 9 in. of hay and costs $5,785.
The 5000 series V-rakes feature 55-in. rake wheels, 40 tines/wheel and wings that fold upward for transport. The 5008, 5010 and 5012, with 8, 10 and 12 rake wheels, respectively, can rake in 20, 22 or 24 ft. of hay to make windrows varying between 48 and 72 in. Price: $3,415 and $3,885.
For more information, contact AGCO Corp., Dept. FIN, 4205 River Green Pkwy., Duluth, GA 30096-2568, 770/813-9200, or visit www.newidea.agcocorp.com or www.hesston.agcocorp.com.