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We come again to our study of the Word of God to 1 John chapter 5. We are closing in on the end of this epistle and yet certainly are in no hurry to bring it to its conclusion, but anxious to grasp all the richness that is here for us. First John chapter 5, let me read the text that will form our discussion for tonight and next time. Starting in verse 6, speaking of Jesus the Son of God, mentioned in verse 5, John writes; "This is the One who came by water and blood, Jesus Christ, not with water only, but with the water and with the blood. And it is the Spirit that bears witness because the Spirit is the truth, for there are three that bear witness, the Spirit, and the water, and the blood, and the three are in agreement. If we receive the witness of men, the witness of God is greater, for the witness of God is this, that He has borne witness concerning His Son. The one who believes in the Son of God has the witness in himself. The one who does not believe God has made Him a liar because he has not believed in the witness that God has borne concerning His Son. And the witness is this, that God has given us eternal life and this life is in His Son. He who has the Son has the life; he who does not have the Son of God does not have the life."
Just that initial reading of the text before us makes it very clear that the subject here is the witness of God. And so that is our theme tonight and next time, at least, the witness of God, that is to say the testimony of God concerning Jesus Christ. Now, there is a group of people that claim to be the witnesses of God, they even call themselves Jehovah's Witnesses. And they claim to be propagating the truth that God wants revealed. They claim to be echoing the witness of God. But the truth that God once revealed, the true witness of Jehovah God is that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, God incarnate. And the so-called Jehovah's Witnesses are liars because they deny the very thing to which God gives witness in the New Testament, summed up in the text I just read. The Jehovah's Witness religious movement says that Jesus may be called "a" god, small "g," but not THE God. They say He is mighty but not the Almighty. They say He was created by Jehovah, He is not a member of the Trinity, there is no Trinity. Elohim, which is a plural word, means plural in majesty, not in person. They say that the Son during His pre-human state was really an angel by the name of Michael. They further say that the Son did not even possess immortality. He was created and created to die. They teach that when Christ was born of Mary, He ceased being a spirit person all together and became nothing more than a human being. The Jesus that walked on earth had only one nature and that was the nature of a man. He was a perfect man, the equivalent of Adam before the Fall.
The Jehovah's Witnesses also teach that Jesus became, or took on, the role of Messiah when He was baptized. It was there that God made this human being His spiritual Son. And so He was first a created angel, then a created man, and finally the spiritual Son. The Jehovah's Witnesses deny that Jesus physically, literally arose from the dead. He was not raised as a human son, He was only raised as an immortal spirit, His body never came back to life. In fact, once He had sacrificed His body, they say, He could never get it back. Judge Rutherford, the demon-inspired man who invented the religion of Jehovah's Witnesses, said that the body of Jesus was disposed of and God who knows where it is will bring it back and put it on exhibit in some millennial museum. They say Christ once a mortal angel, then a mortal man, and finally an immortal spirit will live on forever as a spirit being. And from the way I understand their writings, has regained the original name of Michael. He is back enjoying angelic life.
Well you can see from this mish-mash that these people are not Jehovah's witnesses. They are not witnesses of the true God. They do not echo God's witness. They do not echo God's testimony concerning His Son. They are liars and they are representatives of the father of lies, they are the devil's witnesses. And they have many old heresies reframed in their system, very old heresies that come from ancient Gnosticism.
If you want a witness from God, if you want to be one of God's witnesses who echoes God's testimony, there isn't really a better place to go than right here. Here is the witness of God concerning His Son, says verse 9. And you're going to find that what God says about His Son is completely different than what the so-called representatives of God say about His Son. To be in God's Kingdom, one must believe in His Son. To be an overcomer, remember that from the prior passage, the first five verses, to be an overcomer, one must believe that Jesus is the Son of God. It is our faith in Him that overcomes the world. We must believe in the true Son of God, the true Christ, the eternal one. This message has been given repeatedly through this epistle as John does, cycling back and cycling back and cycling back over the same material, only each time deeper and wider. Back in chapter 2 verse 22, "Who is the liar but the one who denies that Jesus is the Christ, this is the antichrist, the one who denies the Father and the Son...that is the equality between God the Father and God the Son. Whoever denies the Son doesn't have the Father, the one who confesses the Son has the Father also." One's Christology is critical, one's right view of Christ is essential to salvation. Again in chapter 3 John affirms this. Verse 23, "This is His commandment that we believe in the name of His Son Jesus Christ." Chapter 4 again, verses 1 and 2, "Beloved, do not believe every spirit, tests the spirits to see whether they're from God because many false prophets have gone out into the world. By this you know the Spirit of God. Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is from God, and every spirit that does not confess Jesus is not from God and this is the spirit of antichrist." Again, the very essence of believing takes you back to your Christology, it takes you back to the foundation of a right view of Christ.
Dropping down in chapter 4 to verses 9 and 10 we read: "By this the love of God was manifested in us that God has sent His only begotten Son into the world so that we might live through Him. In this is love, not that we loved God but that He loved us and sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins." Understanding and believing the truth about Christ and His redemptive work is absolutely critical. Chapter 5 verse 1, "Whoever believes that Jesus is the Christ is born of God." And then as I noted in verses 4 and 5, "It is our faith that overcomes the world." And what is our faith? Verse 5, "Believing that Jesus is the Son of God."
This is the witness of God concerning His Son. This is the testimony of God. Down in verse 10, "The one who believes in the Son of God has the witness in himself." That is if you believe Jesus Christ to be who the Father says He is, you have received God's testimony. The one who does not believe that Jesus is who God said He is, makes God into a liar. And so we have in this text this most important theme of the witness of God. God here summarizes His testimony concerning His Son. John here is elaborating on a single statement that he made in his gospel, John 20:31, "These are written that you might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and that believing you might have life through His name." That was the purpose for which he wrote the whole of the gospel of John which is loaded from front to back with all of the Father's testimony, all of the Father's witness to the deity of Jesus Christ. The gospel of John is the Father's witness and throughout the gospel of John that witness is made crystal clear through the miracles that are recorded there, monumental miracles selected out of the life and ministry of Jesus, through the titles which are given to Him, the great "I Am" titles that compose so much of that gospel. And, of course, the gospel of John starts with the great statement that "In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God. All things were created by Him, without Him was not anything made that was made." All the way down in to verse 14, "Where we beheld His glory," and what was it? "But the glory that was the very same glory that belongs to God, full of grace and truth." John is simply here summarizing what he gave in great detail in his gospel, that God has borne witness to His Son through His miracles, through His teaching, through His titles and culminating evidence through the cross and the resurrection. If you want to know the testimony of God, don't listen to the Jehovah's Witnesses, listen to God's true witness recorded through the gospel writers, Matthew, Mark, Luke and most notably John, whose purpose is to write things that we might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and believing have life through His name.
Take a look at the word witness there. It appears in some form nine times in this brief section and therefore is readily recognizable as the key to the passage. The verb form, martureo, the noun form, marturia, the root word, martus. What is a witness? Well the root means "one who remembers," or "one who has knowledge of something by recollection and can tell us about it." That's a witness. Somebody who remembers and can report, somebody who knows and can inform. The terms have a wide usage in Greek, even outside Scripture. There were witnesses all the time that were required to give testimony to some event, to report on some event...in legal circumstances, in social circumstances, in military circumstances, in the normal ebb and flow of life. The word could be used in a legal matter, someone who had to come into a court and take the stand and render witness that had implications on the decision and the adjudication of the judge. But it was also used in just a general flow of life to refer to anyway recollecting and reporting any kind of truth or information. A good illustration of its usage in Jewish context would be to go back for a minute to Isaiah 43, it's worth a look at Isaiah 43, to understand how Jewish people would view this. In Isaiah 43 and verse 10, God here speaking as the Creator to Jacob, or Israel, says in verse 10, "You are My witnesses, declares the Lord. You are My witnesses. You have the opportunity to declare the truth about Me." That's a marvelous privilege, a great opportunity. Repeats it in verse 12, "It is I who have declared and saved and proclaimed and there was no strange god among you, so you are My witnesses." In other words, you know that there was no strange god who did all that I have done with you. You know that it is I alone who have called you, have chosen you, have known you...verse 10. "You believe in Me, you understand that I am He, you know before Me there was no god formed and there will be none after Me. You know I, even I am the Lord. There is no Savior beside Me. I have declared it. I've delivered you. I've proclaimed it. There's been no other strange god moving among you. You are My witnesses and I am God, even from eternity I am He and there is none who can deliver out of My hand. I act and who can reverse it? Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, the holy One of Israel."
"You know Me. You know that I chose you. You know that I brought you out of the loins of Abraham. You know that I brought you out of the Babylonian captivity. I have promised to do that though it yet has not occurred, I am the God who will one day deliver you. I am the Lord, verse 15, I am the holy One, I am the Creator of Israel, I am your King, I made a way through the sea and a path through the mighty waters," and so on. "You are My witnesses."
In chapter 44 verse 6, "Thus says the Lord, the King of Israel, and his Redeemer, the Lord of hosts: I am the first, I m the last, there's no God beside Me." There God refers to the Redeemer, His Son, and even though there are two, the Lord, the King of Israel and his Redeemer, the Lord of hosts, He speaks as if they're one. I am the first, I am the last, there is no God beside Me. And who is like Me? Let him proclaim and declare it. Let him recount it to Me in order from the time that I established the ancient nation, let them declare to them the things that are coming and the events that are going to take place. Do not tremble, do not be afraid. Have I not long since announced it to you and declared it and you are My witnesses? Is there any God besides Me? Or is there any other rock? I know of none. I'm the only God and you are My witnesses."
Three times really in that passage they're reminded of it. You can return now to 1 John. In the New Testament it's even more expansive. The word martus in one of its forms appears 168 times in the New Testament. By the way, it is the word martus that is the root of the word "martyr." How do you get from witness to martyr? Pretty easily because so many of the people who gave testimony to the gospel of the truth of God were martyred that eventually the word for witness became the word for martyr. But the New Testament is God's witness to His Son. The gospels are God's witness to His Son. The book of Acts is God's witness to the power of the truth of His Son moving through the world initially. The epistles are God's testimony to the meaning of the life, death, resurrection, ascension, Second Coming of His Son. The book of Revelation is the culmination of God's redemptive purpose and plan for His Son. So the whole of the New Testament is God's witness to His Son. He witnessed in the Old Testament numerous times in numerous ways that His Son was coming. Sometimes directly, in Psalm 2, as we read in Isaiah 43 and 44, Isaiah 53, and elsewhere, sometimes indirectly through the sacrificial system, but even in the Old Testament God was giving witness to the coming of the Messiah. When the New Testament finally arrives to write the record of the Messiah, it becomes God's testimony. If you deny the New Testament and the record that God has given of His Son, you are calling God...what?...a liar. That's stepping on some pretty dangerous turf. That is the blasphemy of all blasphemies.
One other comment to make. In the tradition of the Jews, sort of an initial comment, in the tradition of the Jews, how many witnesses did it take to confirm something is true? Do you remember? Two or three, right? That goes all the way back to the Mosaic Law, Deuteronomy 19:15, that testimony had to be confirmed in the mouth of two or three witnesses. Jesus instituted that in a discipline situation in the life of the church in Matthew 18, that anything brought against someone needed to have the affirmation of two or three witnesses. It is so recorded in 1 Timothy 5:19 that no one should bring an accusation against an elder or pastor in the church unless it's confirmed in the mouth of two or three witnesses. Paul says to the Corinthians, 2 Corinthians 13:1, "When I come to you, I'm going to address your sin and I'm going to do it with the confirmation of two or three witnesses, not willy-nilly, not just on hearsay basis. Godly people have always followed a pattern of affirming testimony in the mouth of more than just one person, two or three witnesses. And here God does the same thing in John's wonderful summary. Verse 6, "This is the one who came by water and blood and not just water and blood...but verse 7...it is the Spirit who bears witness." We're going to find out as this passage unfolds that God Himself has chosen the maximum of three...water, blood and Spirit...in this summary to affirm His witness concerning Jesus Christ.
The greatest testimony ever given to Christ comes from God, unquestionably. It's wonderful to hear a centurion say, "Truly this man is the Son of God." But it isn't the testimony of the centurion that is powerful, it's the testimony of God that convinced the centurion. It's wonderful that people who saw the miracles and concluded that Jesus was the Christ and the Messiah and the Son of God and the Savior, but it really isn't the testimony of those people that carries the power, it's the testimony of God that convinced them. In John's gospel, for example, there are seven categories of divine witness...seven categories of divine witness. There is the witness of Scripture, John says, "Search the Scripture," and he's talking right there about the Old Testament. The witness of God, first of all, to Christ began with the record of the Old Testament.
Second category of witness in the gospel of John is the testimony of John the Baptist. There was a man sent from God whose name was John. He was not that light but he was sent to bear witness of that light.
So you have the convincing witness of God in Scripture, you have the equally convincing witness of God in the last Old Testament prophet John, the next category of witness came from the disciples. The disciples of Jesus became witnesses. In fact, that is specifically stated in John 15 verse 27 where Jesus says to them as they're gathered in the Upper Room, "You will bear witness because you've been with Me from the beginning." John 16 verse 30, "Now we know that You know all things and have no need for anyone to question You, by this we believe that You came from God." Who said that? His disciples.
You have then the witness of Scripture, Old Testament Scripture. You have the witness of John the Baptist. You have the witness of the disciples. Also throughout the gospel of John you have God's witness through the words of Jesus. You remember that Jesus said, "I only speak what the Father tells Me," remember that? I only speak what the Father gives Me to speak. I only say what the Father wills for Me to say. John chapter 8 verse 14 he also says, "Even if I bear witness of Myself, My witness is true for I know where I came from and where I'm going. But you do not wear...know where I came from or where I am going." He says, "My witness is true." And verse 18, "I am He who bears witness of Myself." But then He adds, "Even the Father who sent Me bears witness of Me." You don't believe My testimony, so I reach back for the testimony of My Father and His testimony comes through the things I say because I only say what the Father gives Me to say. The words Jesus spoke were the words the Father gave Him to speak. It was through Him that the Father bore witness to the truth.
And so, you study the gospel of John and even Jesus says if you don't believe My works, believe My words. That takes us to the next in the list of seven...His works...His works. He called on people to believe just because of His works. John 5:36, "But the witness which I have is greater than that of John, for the works which the Father has given Me to accomplish, the very works that I do bear witness of Me that the Father has sent Me and the Father who sent Me has borne witness of Me. You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form, and you do not have His word abiding in you, for you do not believe Him whom He sent. If you believed Moses, you would believe Me."
And He goes back to the Scripture. You have it in the Scripture, you don't believe the Scripture. You heard it in John, you don't believe John. You hear it from the disciples, you don't believe them. You hear My words, you don't believe them. You see My works, you don't believe them. And He added one final, the seventh, the testimony of the Holy Spirit, the witness of the Spirit. John 15:26, "When the helper comes whom I will send to you from the Father, that is the Spirit of Truth who proceeds from the Father, He will bear witness of Me." And all of that testimony, all of that witness comes from the Father. It is the Father who inspired the Scripture. It is the Father who gave the message to John the Baptist. It is the Father who delivered the truth the disciples were to proclaim. It is the Father who put the words in Jesus' mouth. It is the Father who gave Him the power to do the works. It is the Father who sent the Spirit and spoke and speaks through the Spirit. It all comes from the Father. John 5:37, "And the Father who sent Me, He has borne witness of Me."
John's gospel then is the testimony of God. If you want God's view of Christ, you go to God's revelation. That's why whenever I meet somebody who has a faulty Christology, a misunderstanding of Jesus Christ, the place you want to send them where I always send them is to the gospel of John. "It is written that you might know that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, that you might believe it and believing have life in His name." The witness of God then to Jesus Christ as His Son is unmistakable, unambiguous, absolutely authoritative.
Let's look with John then at the witness of God...the witness of God, verses 6 through 12. All of that was just sort of introductory. The immediate question here is this, why should we believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God? Why should we believe that He is God, the second member of the Trinity? Why should we believe that He is eternal, eternally perfect, uncreated? Why should we believe that?
His contemporaries called Him a liar. His contemporaries called Him a deceiver. His contemporaries implied that He was a drunkard. They identified Him as a fake, as an insurrectionist, a rebel, a law-breaker, a fanatic, a madman, a demoniac. That was what popular culture said about Him, at best, a good teacher. Why should we believe that He is the promised Messiah of the Old Testament? The Jews today don't believe it, they never have believed it. Why should we believe that He is God the Son, second member of the Trinity, possessor and giver of eternal life, Savior of sinners? Why should we believe that?
Answer...because of the infallible, incontrovertible, unassailable testimony of God Himself. And that takes us to our text. We have the witness of God...we have the witness of God. I want to break His witness down into the three parts that are here given us. Verse 6, "This is the one who came by water and blood," and then verse 7, "and it is the Spirit who bears witness."
God, as I said, chooses three witnesses to complete His testimony to His Son. This is the one, referring back to Jesus the Son of God mentioned later, Jesus Christ, this is the one who came, Jesus Christ. This introduces the fact of the incarnation, beloved, the great truth to be affirmed and proven by divine testimony. Now mark this, please. This is the one who came. Forget the rest. This is the one who came, Jesus Christ. This is the glorious central fact of redemptive history. This is the foundation of the Christian faith. Jesus Christ was not created when He was born, He only came here when He was born. He came into the world, this is a truth repeated frequently in the New Testament, and most particularly by John. John in his gospel, chapter 1, says in verse 11, "He came to His own and those who were His own did not receive Him." Verse 14, "The Word became flesh." It already existed, it was in the beginning with God, was God. He was God. He was the Creator of all things. He was life and the source of life and the source of light. He came. Being the person that He was eternally, He came as God the Son, He came. Not as an angel, not as a human being, not metamorphisizing in varying forms, He came. I love what 1 John 3:8 says, this is a great way to say it, "The Son of God appeared." The Son of God eternally existent appeared. His life did not begin at His birth. He came here at His birth. He appeared here at His birth, but prior to that He had been in eternal heavenly glory. The gospel is based on that, on the incarnation of the internal Son of God. This is the one who came, Jesus Christ.
And I want to mark the word "one," if I may because when I looked at my Greek New Testament this week, just to see the flow and the emphasis, I found out that the word houtos, this is in the emphatic position which emphasizes the uniqueness or the exclusivity, this is the one coming. That is to say this and no other...this and no other, Jesus the Son of God. There's one God and there is one incarnation of God, Jesus Christ. That's where you have to start. Before you get to the Father's testimony, you have to ask...what is the Father trying to say? To what is He giving testimony? To what is He giving witness? To what is He giving confirmation or affirmation? Answer...that Jesus Christ is the one who came and the only one. The Father gives testimony to the coming of His Son.
Now that testimony is confirmed, back to verse 6, by water and blood. I don't know if you've ever studied that particular passage and don't jump down quite yet and read the note in the MacArthur Study Bible, keep listening, if you will. This is one of those passages of Scripture that introduces some problems. The interpretation of this is an issue and I'll say something about a section here that's omitted, as well.
What does "water and blood" mean? In my research on this, of course, in past years and working through the Study Bible and then again in the last number of days as I have gone over the passage, there are a number of suggestions as to what "by water and blood" mean. Some tie it to His death. You remember when Jesus was hanging on the cross and the soldiers came by to break the legs of those who were being crucified, they didn't break Jesus' legs because having pushed a sword into His side and seeing out comes blood and water knew already that the pericardium around His heart had already literally burst and He was dead. And so some tie this to the blood and the water, although it says here "The water and blood," and the reference to His side is "The blood and water" in reverse order. But that doesn't seem to have any basis of support. There's no reason to interpret it that way. It is true that blood and water came out of His side when He was pierced, but that doesn't seem to be any particular divine witness to anything. How is that the witness of God? That is not any divine statement, that's a very physical, very human affirmation that this person was dead. And it would be true of any person who had that same physical phenomena occur. So there's no reason to parallel those two accounts.
Then there's a second view that has gained some popularity that this refers to the two ordinances of the church. Water, referring to baptism; and blood, referring to the communion service...baptism and the Lord's table. Well there's no reason in the text, there's no reason in the background to the text, there's no reason to see this as baptism and the Lord's table. There's no way to make the connection exegetically, or even theologically here because that doesn't give any divine witness either because that's a function of the church. That's not a God-given witness, that's a church witness, isn't it? It doesn't....doesn't the Scripture say that if you confess Me before men, I'll confess you before My Father in heaven, and the way we do that is in baptism? And doesn't the Scripture say that when you do this you proclaim the Lord's death till He comes? So baptism, as we saw it tonight, the Lord's table, as we frequently engage in, it is our witness, our affirmation of the work of Christ.
No, there's really only one possible way to interpret this. Water here refers to the baptism of Christ and blood refers to His death. At these two great events, these two notable events that bracket our Lord's ministry, the Father gives testimony. These two events are critical to an understanding to the life and ministry of Jesus. At His baptism He was declared by the Father to be His Son. You remember a voice out of heaven at His baptism, "This is My beloved Son in whom I am well pleased." You have direct, divine witness there, not just...not just sort of launching the beginning of His ministry, but defining it.
And I would say something else, as well. In the baptism of Christ He identified with sinners, didn't He? He identified with sinners. You see, baptism was baptism of repentance. It was baptism of repentance. He didn't have anything to repent of. But there in that most unique way He told John, "You have to baptize Me." John said no, the reverse is true. And He said, "No, you have to baptize Me. I need to fulfill all righteousness." And there He was in His baptism identifying with sinners and defining the reason He came. And the Father gave witness, "This is My beloved Son in whom I am well pleased."
And the second divine testimony was given at His blood, as it were, or at His death, that at the end of His ministry...at the end. That too defined His ministry because as He had identified with sinners in going into the waters of a baptism of repentance, He fully identified with sinners at the cross by taking their punishment. Those are tremendously defining events, two monumental experiences bracketing His ministry of redemption. And so the Father says, "I gave testimony at His baptism, testimony at His death."
And then he adds something that's more than a stutter here. Second half of verse 6, quite interesting, just in case you missed it, "This is the one who came by water and blood, Jesus Christ, not with the water only but with the water and with the blood." Well what a strange thing to say. Why, did You think we were going to deny the second one? Did You think we were going to say that You only gave testimony at His baptism, that only at His baptism did You identify with Him? Only at His baptism was He Your Son? Only at His baptism did You say, 'This is My beloved Son in whom I am well pleased,' and that You didn't affirm Him, You didn't give testimony to Him, You didn't witness to Him at His death? Did You think we were going to say that? And is that why You said, "With the water, not with the water only, but with the water and with the blood?" Exactly right...that's exactly what I knew you'd say.
By the end of the first century when John wrote this, some time after 90 A.D., a serious heresy had already developed which said that Jesus was God's Son at His baptism, but not at the cross. That the Christ's Spirit descended on Him at His baptism and left Him before the cross so that Jesus came by water, the Christ's Spirit came by water, not by blood. That is that His baptism was a revelation that He was the anointed of God but the Christ who was baptized was very different than the Jesus who was killed. The Christ's Spirit who came upon that man at His baptism departed before the cross and the Jesus who was crucified was nothing but a mere man.
As we have seen again and again in studying 1 John, this kind of stuff lies behind what John says. This is part of the developing of Gnosticism. We've seen how they believe that spirit was good and matter was evil, and so they denied the full doctrine of the incarnation that God, the good Spirit, could ever take up permanent residence in a human being, was unacceptable to the dualism of their thinking. They did allow the Christ's Spirit to come down at the baptism, stay awhile and then go away. They could not involve God in flesh in any permanent way and certainly not in the sufferings of death.
So they thought that at the baptism this divine Christ descended, came into the man Jesus who was simply human...this is part of what the Jehovah's Witnesses say today...they think that the Christ's Spirit came into Him in the imagery of the dove and then for a few years Jesus brought the message of God to man. And then the Christ's Spirit departed and only the man was crucified. So deity, whatever form of deity it was, what ever form of Spirit being it was, left Him before the cross. And so His death on the cross was not a God/Man death, it was not a death that atoned for our sins at all. It was just another man dying another death. And the best we can draw out of Jesus is from His baptism until His Christ's Spirit left Him to follow the ethical teachings that He gave us. They destroy because they despise the efficacious substitutionary atonement of Jesus Christ. Any heresy, any heresy that tampers with the death of Christ, the blood of Christ as God bearing the sins of men is satanic. John points that out in chapter 2 of this epistle. "He Himself, Jesus Christ the righteous, is the propitiation for our sins and not for ours only but also for those of the whole world." And then again as I read earlier in 4:10, "He sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins." He came not just to teach us good things and then die as another man, He came to offer Himself as an atoning sacrifice, satisfying God for us.
And so, John says this one who came, Jesus Christ, was simultaneously from His birth to His death and forevermore the man Jesus and God. Syrinthis(???) who came up with this, I guess, originally and his followers are dead. Their creed is no factor today. But all who deny the incarnation, all who deny the substitutionary death of Jesus Christ whether totally or partially, all who pervert that great truth are heretics undermining the basis of our salvation. If Christ did not take His divine nature to the cross, He cannot reconcile us to God. If He wasn't fully God He could not and did not conquer sin or death for us. "But He who knew no sin became sin for us that we might become the righteousness of God in Him."
I'm going to say more about this next time and show you specifically how at His baptism and at His death God gives witness. But let me just mention the third, verse 7, "And it is the Spirit who bears witness because the Spirit is the truth," or, "Because He is the Spirit of Truth." The third member of the Trinity, the Holy Spirit, gives witness from the Father of the Son because He's the Spirit of Truth. He always speaks what is true. Doesn't just mean that but it does mean that.
Why is He called the Spirit of Truth? Let me just help you to understand something in a general sense about the Holy Spirit. He's the agent of revelation. Write that down somewhere in your brain, He is the agent of revelation. Within the functioning of the Trinity it is the Spirit's work to reveal. That's why we read so clearly in Scripture that it is inspired by the Holy Spirit. Second Peter chapter 1 verse 21, "No prophecy was ever made by an act of human will, but men moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God." Men moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God. Wherever there is the revelation of the will of God, wherever there is the witness of God in His revelation, it is from the Holy Spirit. Just listen to an illustration. Peter stands up, Acts 1:15, in the midst of the brethren and he said, "Brethren, the Scripture had to be fulfilled which the Holy Spirit foretold." The Scripture had to be fulfilled which the Holy Spirit foretold. Peter understood that all Scripture was revealed by the agency of the Holy Spirit. And many other passages talk about this same great reality, that the Holy Spirit is the source of revelation.
You find in Hebrews, I'm just skipping real fast for a minute, you can find these things everywhere, Hebrews 3:7, "Therefore just as the Holy Spirit says..." and then you have a list of four verses quoting passages out of the Old Testament, all inspired by, revealed by the Holy Spirit. Hebrews 9, I think it's verse 8, yes, "The Holy Spirit is signifying this that the way into the holy place has not yet been disclosed..." etc., etc.
All over the Bible the Spirit speaks, the Spirit is the revealer. And in particular, this is a very important thing to notice in this context, in particular, He speaks concerning the Son on behalf of the Father. Listen to John 14, "I will ask the Father, He will give you another Helper that He may be with you forever, that is the Spirit of Truth," also the same title as we read in 1 John. "The Spirit of Truth whom the world cannot know because it doesn't behold Him or know Him, but you know Him because He abides in you and will be in you." I'm going to send you the Spirit of Truth. And what is His job going to be? "He who is the Spirit of Truth," Jesus says, "He will guide you into all truth. He will show you things concerning Me. He will reveal Me to you." That's the function of the Holy Spirit.
The Spirit is the revealer. And so, everywhere you look in Scripture and you find testimony to Christ, this is the witness of the Holy Spirit. So John then gathers up, back to 1 John and we'll close, John gathers up three realms of witness. The witness of the Father at the baptism of Jesus, the witness of the Father at the cross, and the events around the cross, and the witness of the Spirit from the Father in all the revelation of truth that has been given, and verse 8 then says, "For there are three that bear witness, the Spirit and the water and the blood and the three are in agreement."
Literally the Greek says, "The three are into one." Together they establish the fact by law. Next time we're going to look at those three in more detail and come to a deeper, more enriching understanding of the witness of the Father and then we're going to talk about the purpose of that witness and the appropriate response to that witness.
Father, we thank You again for this tonight, we feel like the richest of the rich with the greatest treasure in the world because we hold in our hands, and more importantly we place into our minds Your truth. How rich we are. Nothing is more wonderful than knowing the truth and we have it here. We believe that Jesus is the Son of God because we believe Your witness. We believe Your testimony by the Holy Spirit in the Scripture. We believe Your testimony at the baptism, we believe Your testimony so powerful at the cross. And we do conclude that Jesus is the Christ and that in Him and Him alone is salvation. Your witness is true and we would never blaspheme You by calling You a liar. Deliver any soul who is in that position now before they are irremediably lost. Awaken every person here who has not yet come to the true understanding of who Jesus Christ is and may they eagerly and anxiously repent and embrace Your testimony to Your Son. And may we be faithful to proclaim that testimony far and wide and truly be Your witnesses. This privilege is ours by Your grace, we cherish it, we want to discharge it faithfully. And this we ask in Your Son's name. Amen.


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Posted by Bruce Kahl on May 21, 2001
In Reply to: Grub posted by ESC on May 21, 2001
: : I heard a word in a cop show the other nite--"...by the way, thanks for the grub."--referring to a just finished meal in a restaurant.
: : Anybody know the origin of "grub"?
: : There is a Middle English word "grubben" and Old English "grafan" meaning "to dig" which can be linked to the word "grave" as in final resting place.
: : Webster's has grub as a verb as "to dig in the ground especially for something that is difficult to find or extract"--so could "grub" be digging around in the dirt for a potato or carrot?
: : Anybody?
: : thanx
: : bk
: "Whistlin' Dixie" by Robert Hendrickson has "GRUB UP -- To dig out. 'I been grubbing up a clump of willows outen my spring pasture for fifteen years.' (William Faulkner, 'The Hamlet' 1940)
Thanx Ms. ESC!
Yes, grub has a sense of digging.
But how does grub mean food?
I have looked at the word itself "food"--Middle English fode, from Old English fOda; akin to Old High German fuotar food, fodder, Latin panis bread, pascere to feed but nothing at all to link it to "grub".

subset: commoncrawl


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In today's competitive retail market, providing real-time product recommendations and services has become a must-do for online retailers, especially during the busy holiday season. Luckily, the secret ingredient is one they already have: connected data.
The trick is knowing how to leverage this data. For example, in the case of providing online product recommendations, it often requires drawing insights from connections between a customer's past purchases and the product or promotion that makes the most sense based on their interests – via their social network footprint and previous buying patterns.
Fortunately, graph databases offer an invaluable framework for making sense of such super-connected data. In this slideshow, Neo Technology offers a look at how three major brands — Walmart, eBay and adidas Group — are leveraging graph databases to power commerce this holiday season and beyond.
Related Topics : APC, Resellers, Data Replication, Extract Transform and Load, Structured Data Integration
Data only becomes a meaningful and valuable asset when organizations can transform it into actionable insights. ... More >>
As the availability of data exponentially increases, unprecedented opportunities exist to do all kinds of amazing things, but these opportunities also come with data wrangling challenges. ... More >>
If you are designing a data warehouse, you need to map out all the areas where there is a potential for your project to fail, before you begin. ... More >>


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Sabu Wins "Stay Out Of Jail Free" Card For Another Six Months
Sabu, the notorious hacker who became an informant for the federal government, has won a last-minute six-month reprieve before he is sentenced to prison for his role in various cyber-attacks last year.
Hector Xavier Monsegur, the 28 year-old New Yorker who was better known to the world as "Sabu," has continued working with law enforcement ever since he was quietly arrested by the Federal Bureau of Investigation last year, according to court documents posted by Wired. Monsegur originally provided the information that led to the arrests of several people suspected of being members of the LulzSec hacking group in Great Britain and the United States earlier this year. He was scheduled to be sentenced Aug. 22.
The government asked United States District Judge Loretta A. Preska to delay sentencing for six months "in light of the defendant's ongoing cooperation with the government," according to a court document filed Aug. 21 in the United States District Court of Southern District of New York and signed by Assistant US Attorney James Pastore, Jr. The sentencing is now scheduled for Feb. 22, 2013 at 10am.
It wasn't clear whether Monsegur is still collecting information online for agents or if he is just helping the government as it prepares the case against the suspects already arrested, Wired reported.
In Jail for the Rest of His Life
Monsegur pleaded guilty to 12 federal charges, including three counts of computer hacking conspiracy, five counts of computer hacking, one count of computer hacking in furtherance of fraud, one count of conspiracy to commit access device fraud, one count of conspiracy to commit bank fraud, and one count of aggravated identity theft. These charges cover the various distributed denial-of-service attacks that rocked websites belonging to Visa, Mastercard and PayPal in late 2010 and early 2011, and the network breaches at HBGary, Fox, PBS, Sony Pictures, Bethesda and Stratfor in 2011.
In the original indictment, unsealed last March, Monseguar pled guilty to digging up the vulnerabilities which were used in the attacks carried out by LulzSec to expose emails, documents, and other information stolen from victim organizations. Between December 2010 and June 7, 2011, Monsegur either exploited the bugs himself or passed them to others to use, according to the indictment.
He faces a maximum 124-year sentence if he gets the maximum on all the charges. The details of the government's plea bargain with Monsegur in exchange of his becoming an informant remains unknown.
For more from Fahmida, follow her on Twitter @zdFYRashid.


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Whether you stayed up to study, couldn't sleep because of a loud party or wanted to talk to your new love all night, you'll need emergency makeup for looking good on no sleep. Check out the best makeup tips for an all nighter that can help you hide the fact that you missed a lot of sleep.Fight Puffy Eyes A good eye cream can help you in these situations, but you might need to pull out the big guns after an all nighter experience. Try a topical creme with caffeine that can give your skin an almost instant boost. If you're out of eye ... Read More


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May is National Stroke Awareness Month
Bukenya I.
Tuesday, May 8, 2012
By: Bukenya Ibrahim
For the time I have been in rehabilitation, I tried to see what to do to spread awareness of stroke in Uganda and to break the belief that stroke is not as a result of witchcraft. Therefore my wife and I organised a walk to mark the World Stroke Day and also launched The Stroke Rehabilitation Centre and allowed two survivors speak to the public.This May we had an interview on stroke experience from a survivor, which will be published in a local news paper.
Display of the Faces of Stroke stories does not imply National Stroke Association's endorsement of any product, treatment, service or entity. National Stroke Association strongly recommends that people ask a healthcare professional about diagnosis and treatment questions before using any product, treatment or service. The views expressed through the stories reflect those of the authors and do not reflect the opinion of National Stroke Association.
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The Export Tracking Mart is located on the IHS National Data Warehouse Reporting Web Site for those who have access to the IHS Intranet. The NDW Reporting Web Site User's Guide, available in the 'Accessing/Using NDW Data' section of the NDW Document Library, provides instructions on how to access the web site and all its resources.
For those sites/individuals that do not have IHS intranet access, the Export Tracking Mart User's Guide is also available in the 'Data Tracking and Checking' section of the NDW Document Library.


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SALE!!! Light-Weight Forest Flora Print Poly Cotton Craft Fabric (White/Orange)
RRP £3.49 OUR Price £1.99
This is a light-weight poly/cotton lawn with a miniature forest foliage print overlay.
Soft to the touch with a relatively soft drape.
Perfect for all you sewing enthusiasts out there!
Great for summer tops, dresses,etc.
Width: 109 cm
You may want to line this fabric as it is a little sheer.
Composition: Polyester/Cotton Blend
Price is for 1 metre (after one metre, fabric comes in one continuous length)


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Educational Innovation: Faculty Awarded National Prize
The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) has awarded its 2014 Bernard M. Gordon Prize for Innovation in Engineering and Technology Education to Professors John Collier '72 Th'77, Robert Graves, Joseph Helble, and Charles Hutchinson '68A for integrating entrepreneurship into all levels of Thayer's curriculum to prepare students for technology leadership. The prize will be conferred at a May 2, 2014 ceremony in Hanover.
The prize recognizes the professors for their contributions to a long-standing Thayer educational paradigm now formally called Dartmouth's Engineering Entrepreneurship Program (DEEP).
Collier, the Myron Tribus Professor of Engineering Innovation, transformed ENGS 21: Introduction to Engineering into a hands-on engineering experience that requires student teams to develop a project idea, brainstorm a technology or product solution, research the market, build and test a prototype, develop a business plan, and present their idea to a review board of potential funders. Collier also mentors Bachelor of Engineering students taking the capstone ENGS 89/90: Engineering Design Methodology sequence, in which students undertake real-life projects for industry sponsors.
Hutchinson, Dean Emeritus and the John H. Krehbiel Sr. Professor for Emerging Technologies, Emeritus, launched Thayer's Master of Engineering Management (M.E.M.) program in 1989. Combining engineering with business management and entrepreneurship courses taught by faculty from Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, the M.E.M. program prepares students to advance rapidly in industry management and to create startups.
Assuming leadership of the M.E.M. program in 2003, Graves, the John H. Krehbiel Sr. Professor for Emerging Technologies, enhanced the curriculum, created a technology assessment course, and expanded leadership training and experiential learning opportunities. He established the Corporate Collaboration Council of industry leaders who offer advice on industry trends, mentor students, and provide them with internships. He also initiated the M.E.M. Programs Consortium, a group of professional graduate engineering management programs that shares best practices and promotes the M.E.M. degree.
Helble, Dean of Thayer School, launched Dartmouth's Ph.D. Innovation Program in 2008 as the nation's first doctoral-level program in engineering innovation and entrepreneurship. Innovation Program students complete traditional Ph.D. requirements and receive entrepreneurial and leadership training through special coursework and experiential learning opportunities, including interning in a startup or pursuing their own venture. In their final three years, Innovation students receive independent funding to support development of their own innovations. During the program's first five years, two participants launched successful companies—Ashifi Gogo Th'10 founded the product authentication company Sproxil, and Dax Kepshire Th'06 '09 cofounded the utility-scale energy storage company SustainX.
The Gordon Prize comes with $500,000, half of which is granted to the recipients and half to the institution "to support the continued development, refinement, and dissemination of the recognized innovation." Thayer's plans for using the prize funding include developing a summer workshop to teach college administrators, faculty members, and advanced Ph.D. students how to educate students in entrepreneurial thinking and leadership through project-based experiential study.
"It is a privilege to receive this award on behalf of the faculty of the Thayer School of Engineering," says Helble. "Dartmouth has a long history of educational leadership, and to be recognized nationally for our innovations in engineering education is truly an honor for our school."
"The National Academy's prize validates Thayer School's efforts to wholeheartedly encourage students in the entrepreneurship that underlies successful engineering in America," says Elsa Garmire, a National Academy of Engineering member and the Sydney E. Junkins 1887 Professor at Thayer who nominated her colleagues for the Gordon Prize. "I hope that engineering programs across the country will be inspired to replicate our approach to engineering entrepreneurship."
The NAE is a private, independent, nonprofit institution that provides engineering leadership in service to the nation.
Categories: The Great Hall, Educational Innovationcomments powered by Disqus


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Elias Thomas Zambidis, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Oncology
Languages: English, Greek
Expertise: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), General Pediatrics, Hodgkin's Disease, Leukemia, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Pediatric Oncology, Stem Cell Transplants ...read more
Research Interests: Myeloid Dysplastic Syndrome
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Fax: 410-955-0028
Dr. Elias Zambidis, a childhood cancer specialist and an expert in bone marrow transplantation, is associate professor of oncology and pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and a member of the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. His research interest is in advancing our understanding of pluripotent stem cells–'master' stem cells that can generate any new cell or tissue that the body needs to repair itself.
Dr. Zambidis has been interested in the biology of stem cells since he came to Johns Hopkins, in 2001. As a Pediatric Hematology/Oncology fellow, he was one of the very first Hopkins investigators to work with human embryonic stem cells (hESC's), beginning shortly after they were made available to the biomedical research community, in 2002. Dr. Zambidis was awarded the first NIH K08 Clinician-Scientist Training Award specifically investigating the therapeutic potential of human pluripotent stem cells (2004), and since then has personally trained over 40 investigators in the science of hESC biology at Johns Hopkins. After joining the Hopkins faculty, in 2005, he developed an experimental model of the early formation process of human blood and blood vessels using human pluripotent stem cells. Today, his lab at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering? continues to find new ways to use special reprogrammed stem cells to treat severe blood-related and vascular diseases. His research team has devised novel methods of generating new blood-forming stem cell lines and new vascular therapies from pluripotent stem cells. Additionally, they are working on cultivating a new generation of stem cells with even greater potency and stronger regenerative capacities.
- Associate Professor of Oncology
- Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Departments / Divisions
- MD PhD, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry (1998)
- St Louis Children's Hospital / Pediatrics (2001)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine / Pediatric Hematology-Oncology (2004)
Additional Training
- Diplomate, American Board of Pediatrics (2001)
Research & Publications
Research Summary
The Zambidis lab is interested in the developmental biology of normal and malignant human stem cells. His group employs genetic manipulation and differentiation of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human hematopoiesis, vasculogenesis, and cardiogeneisis. Using human embryonic stem cells (hESC) derived from both normal and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)-screened embryos, as well as human iPSC, he is exploring how early mesodermal progenitors and human hemangioblast (bi-potential progenitor of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and endothelium) may give rise to the entire human hematopoietic and vascular systems, and whether such progenitors can be derived and expanded from differentiating human iPSC. His laboratory is studying the role of a variety of proteins and signaling molecules that are critically important in orchestrating the initiation of human embryonic hematopoiesis by directing the formation of human hemato-vascular progenitors in hESC and hiPSC. hESC/hiPSC-derived blood progenitors are also important in the understanding of the developmental origins of pediatric leukemia, but also for clinical HSC transplantation. Another major area of focus is determining the shared molecular circuits that regulate both malignant transformation and the maintenance of pluripotency. Applying these principles of shared biology between hematopoietic stem-progenitors and pluripotent stem cells, his group recently accomplished the creation of improved, highly efficient methods for generating nonintegrated, non-viral human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines from myeloid progenitors that possess enhanced differentiation capacities and rapid loss of epigenetic memory. Additional projects include studying the developmental biology of gastrulation and cardiogenesis in model organisms and explores potential applications of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cardiotoxicity screening and novel drug discovery.
Technology Expertise KeywordsHistiocytic Disorders, Stem Cell Transplantation (blood disorders)
Selected Publications
Zambidis E, Sinka L, Tavian M, Jokubaitis V, Simmons P, Péault B. Emergence of human angio-hematopoietic cells in normal development and from cultured embryonic stem cells, Ann NY Acad Sci 2007.1106: 223-32.
Zambidis E,Park TS, Yu W, Tam A, Levine M, Yuan X, Pryzhkova M, Péault B. Expression of ACE (CD143) identifies and regulates primitive hemangioblasts derived from human pluripotent stem cells, Blood, 2008.112: 3601-14.
Peters A, Burridge P, Levine M, Pryzhkova M, Park TS, Yuan X, Zambidis E. Challenges in generating therapeutic patient-specific hemangioblasts and hematopoietic stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Int. J. Developmental Biology, 2010.54: 965-90.
Ohm J, Mali P, van Nester L, Berman D, Liang L, Pandiyan K, Briggs K, Zhang W, Argani P, Sioms B, Zambidis E. Schuebel K, Cope L, Yen J, Cheng L, Baylin S. Cancer-related epigenome changes associated with reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells, Cancer Res 2010.19: 7662-73.
Burridge PW, Thompson S, Millrod MA, Weinberg S, Yuan X, Tung L, Zambidis E. A universal protocol for highly efficient cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells that eliminates interline variability. PLoS One 2011.6(4): e18293. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018293.
Thompson S, Burridge P, Lipke E, Zambidis E,Tung LT. Engraftment of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes improved conduction in an arrythmogenic in vitro model. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012.53:15-23.
Park TS, Zimmerlin L, Zambidis E. Efficient and simultaneous generation of hematopoietic and vascular progenitors from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cytometry A 2012.83:114-126. DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22090.
Park TS, Huo JS, Peters A, Talbot CC, Kaplan IM, Zambidis E. Growth factor-activated stem cell circuits and stromal signals cooperatively accelerate iPSC reprogramming of lineage-committed human myeloid progenitors, PLoS One 2012.7(8): e42838. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0042838.
Blazeski A, Zhu R, Hunter DW, Weinberg S, Zambidis E, Tung L. Electrophysiological and contractile function of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Prog. Biophys & Mol. Biology 2012.110(2-3):178-95.
Blazeski A, Zhu R, Hunter DW, Weinberg S, Zambidis E, Tung, L. Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells for modeling normal and diseased cardiac electrophysiology and contractility. Prog. Biophys & Mol. Biology 2012.110(2-3):166-77.
Huo JS, Zambidis E. Pivots of pluripotency: the roles of non-coding RNAs in regulating embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acti 2012.1830(2): 2385-94.
Panicker LM, Miller D, Park TS, Patel B, Azevedo JL, Awad O, Masood AM, Veenstra TD, Goldin E, Polumuri SK, Vogel SN, Sidransky E, Zambidis ET, Feldman RA. (2012). Modeling Gaucher disease using human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012.109(44):18054-9.
Resar LMS, Sha SN, Kerr C, Cope L, Zambidis E, Belton A, Huso D. HMGA1 a factor enriched in hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells and hematologic malignancy enhances cellular reprogramming to a pluripotent stem-like cell, PLoS One 2012. 7(11):e48533.
Rufaihah AJ, Huang NF, Kim J, Herold J, Volz K, Park TS, Lee JC, Zambidis E, Reijo-Pera, R, Cooke JP. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells exhibit functional heterogeneity, Am J Transl Res, 2013:5 (1): 21-35.
Park TS, Bhutto I, Zimmerlin L, Huo JS, Nagaria P, Miller D, Rufaihah AJ, Talbot C, Aguilar J, Grebe R, Merges C, Reijo-Pera R, Feldman RA, Rassool F, Cooke J, Lutty G, Zambidis ET. Vascular progenitors from cord blood-derived iPSC possess augmented capacity to regenerate ischemic retinal vasculature.Circulation 2014 Jan 21:129(3):359-72.
Gorospe G, Zhu R, Millrod MA, Zambidis ET, Tung L, Vidal R. Automated grouping of action potentials of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. 99: IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng, 2014.
Panicker LM, Miller D, Awad O, Bose V, Lun Y, Park TS, Zambidis ET, Sgambato JL, Feldman RA. Gaucher iPSC-derived macrophages produce elevated levels of inflammatory mediators and serve as a new platform for therapeutic development. Stem Cells, 2014; doi: 10.1002/stem.1732.
Zimmerlin L, Park TS, Donnenberg VS, Zambidis E, Donnenberg AD. Pericytes: a ubiquitous source of adult tissue stem cells, in "Stem Cells in Aesthetic Procedures", edited by Melvin Shiffman, Springer, 2014 (Book Chapter).
Agarwal JR, Zambidis ET. Role of an NFkB-STAT3 signaling axis in the induction and maintenance of the pluripotent state, inPluripotent Stem Cell Biology - Advances in Mechanisms, Methods and Models, ed. Craig S Atwood and Sivan Vadakkadath Meethal, 2014, InTech (Book Chapter).
Park TS, Donnenberg VS, Donnenberg AD, Zambidis E, Zimmerlin L. Dynamic interactions between cancer stem cells and their stromal partners. Curr Pathobiol Rep 2014.2(1) 41-52.
Mahairaki V, Ryu J, Peters A, Park TS, Burridge PW, Talbot CC, Zambidis ET, Koliatsos VE. Virus-free induced pluripotent stem cells from familial Alzheimer's disease patients differentiate into neurons with amyloidogenic properties. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23(24): 2996-3010.
Huo JS, Baylin SB, Zambidis ET. Cancer-like epigenetic derangements of human pluripotent stem cells and their impact on applications in regeneration and repair. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2014; 28: 43-49.
Zhong X, Gutierrez C, Xue T,Hampton C, Vergara MN, Peters A,Zambidis E, Meyer J, Gamm DM, Yau KW, Canto-Soler MV. Generation of three-Dimensional retinal cups with mature functional photoreceptors from human iPSC, Nature Com, 2014.
Sgambato JA, Park TS, Miller D, Panicker LM, Sidransky E, Lun Y, Awad O, Zambidis ET, Feldman RA. Gaucher induced pluripotent stem cells display decreased erythroid potential and aberrant myelopoiesis, Stem Cells Transl Med, 2015 Aug;4(8):878-86.
Baizley F, Liu C, Yuan X, Hao H, All AH, De Los Angeles A,Zambidis ET, Gearhart JD, Kerr CL. Direct reprogramming of primordial germ cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015.Jul 8. [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1089/scd.2015.0100.
Academic Affiliations & Courses
Graduate Program Affiliation
Activities & Honors
- International Society of Stem Cell Research, 2006
- American Society of Hematology, 2004
- American Association of Pediatrics, 2001
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2004 - 2008
Videos & Media
Elias Zambidis | Using Stem Cells to Study Cancer
Recent News Articles and Media Coverage
Patient Ratings & Comments
The Patient Rating score is an average of all responses to physician related questions on the national CG-CAHPS Medical Practice patient experience survey through Press Ganey. Responses are measured on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the best score. Comments are also gathered from our CG-CAHPS Medical Practice Survey through Press Ganey and displayed in their entirety. Patients are de-identified for confidentiality and patient privacy.
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Rapid City Men Plead Not Guilty to Larceny Charges
RAPID CITY - Two men accused of stealing from the St. Francis Volunteer Fire Department have pleaded not guilty in federal court to one count each of larceny.
Court records show that John Swift and Harvey LaPointe entered the pleas on Feb. 27. They were released on bond until their trial.
An indictment says the men, between August 2009 and December 2010 "took and carried away, with intent to steal and purloin," more than $1,000 in department property.
The judge set a trial date of April 30.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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What's happening in your area: Wales
Find details of what's happening in Wales – including fundraising events, runs and challenges, and volunteering opportunities.
If you'd like to hold your own fundraising in Wales, please register with us. When you register, we'll send you our fundraising toolkit which is packed with helpful information and ideas. And one of our fundraising managers will be in touch to give you all the support you need with getting your fundraising off the ground.
Sorry, there are no events currently planned for this region.


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Gaerne G React Boot Spares Steel Toe Caps - Motocross Enduro Boots & Accessories at Dirtbikexpress At Gaerne we thrive to be the best, always looking for new ways to make a better product, always listening to our professional riders for valuable feedback, always looking to our suppliers for the very best materials. Our range of Gaerne G React Boot Toe Caps at Dirtbikexpress will ensure your G React's will last even longer!, Below is the description of what each boot spare includes... G React Boot Toe Cap Set Includes:
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Shipping within the UK is FREE on ANY order over £29.00. Orders for less will be charged at £3.95. All orders are upgraded to DPD Express Tracked Delivery at no extra charge.
We aim to dispatch all orders within 24 hours of receipt when possible. Our current delivery time is on average 1.9 days but please allow 2-3 working days for all UK orders.
Each customer receives a pre delivery notification via SMS or email upon dispatch. Plus, a one hour delivery window via SMS or email on the day of delivery. This allows you to track the progress of the parcel on a map, counting down to a 15 minute window. Keeping you informed at all stages of your delivery, with options to ensure you never miss delivery of your order. Please ensure you provide correct email and mobile number for communication. For more information see www.dpd.co.uk
DPD have the best parcel shop network in the UK! There are over 2,500 convenient Pickup Shops - that's one within a 10-minute drive of 93% of the population. In London, that jumps up to an average walking distance of just 5 minutes!.
We use DPD & ParcelForce and all courier services are fully trackable and insured.
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With a commitment to snowboarding that spans over twelve years, Andreas Wiig is the latest to join Foursquare's talented pro team including Peter Line, Eddie Wall and Pat Moore. Favoring timeless design and function over trendy flash, Andreas can now be seen rocking Foursquare's latest outerwear styles whether he's competing in slopestyle events, riding the park or filming in the backcountry.
"Foursquare has been around since I started snowboarding and is one of the more authentic brands around," says Andreas. "Foursquare was started by Peter Line who is an icon in snowboarding, and is someone I have looked up to for years. I am proud to be working with such a well-established brand."
Director of Team Marketing Bryan Knox states, "Andreas is a technical rider who will fit right in with the team and make good use of Foursquare's functional product. I am sure Andreas will stay warm and dry this winter in his new outerwear."
Stay tuned to foursquareouterwear.com for more on Andreas throughout the year.


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Youth from around the world describe moments when they've felt God's love for them.
Because God knows us individually, we experience that love in personal and unique ways—an unexpected answer to prayer, a quiet moment in a beautiful place, tender mercies throughout our day, and many other ways. God's love is real and all around us if we'll just pause to notice. You can learn to recognize the love of God in your life. Here are some stories from youth who have felt His love.
My Heavenly Father Loves Me
By Hannah P.
I took a walk recently and was reminded of just how infinite our Savior's love is.
I passed by people who smiled and waved. I came to a park, where I swung on the swings. I sat on a bench and watched a bird gather grass clippings for a nest, a butterfly land at my feet and flutter its wings, the cotton fall from the trees, and a spider web glisten in the sunlight.
"My Heavenly Father Loves Me" consumed my thoughts. I repeated it over and over, and I felt one last thing: peaceful, true, eternal, and amazing love.
I felt the sun's warm rays on my face, arms, and legs. I felt the wind brush against me, cooling my skin and rushing through my hair. Then I thought of what a miracle that was since I am a cancer survivor. I have hair. I felt my heart pump and my pulse slow down as I rested.
Then I just thought. I thought of what has happened and what may happen. I pictured myself years from now with the ones I love most, laughing and playing in a similar park. I don't remember everything I thought, but it doesn't really matter, because in the end the song "My Heavenly Father Loves Me" (Children's Songbook, 228–29) consumed my thoughts. I repeated it over and over, and I felt one last thing: peaceful, true, eternal, and amazing love.
And that is what it all comes down to—love.
Trusting Him
By Timothy A.
As I have been on my knees lately asking Heavenly Father for help and guidance, I have found that I place a lot of trust and confidence in Him. I know that He cares. The power of prayer is not only a gift from our Heavenly Father but it is also very powerful and effective if you put in the effort.
I have noticed a huge difference in my life now that I have been praying more. One of my favorite things to do is to find a quiet and peaceful area where I can talk to my Heavenly Father and tell Him how I am feeling. I have felt His love through prayer, and I know that He wants us to speak to Him and remember Him always in our hearts and in our minds.
A Priesthood Blessing
By Joseph E.
I had been struggling for a few weeks with some health problems when a friend told me she was praying and felt prompted to tell me I needed a blessing. I knew she was right, but I felt worthless. I felt like I didn't deserve a blessing.
Then I was looking at youth.lds.org and found an article on priesthood blessings at the very top. The Spirit was so strong as I read the article. I knew my friend was right and I truly needed a blessing.
I know Heavenly Father wants to bless us, and we only need to ask. No matter how worthless you feel, you are still a son or daughter of God. He loves you.
I asked my father for a blessing that night. After the blessing I felt a comfort and calm that hadn't been there before.
I know Heavenly Father wants to bless us, and we only need to ask. No matter how worthless you feel, you are still a son or daughter of God. He loves you. We may be stubborn sometimes, but if we will humble ourselves and ask for a blessing, it can change lives.
Shy No More
By Raina N.
I have always been a naturally shy person around people I don't know well. The summer before my sophomore year, my two best friends moved. School started, and it seemed as if Satan knew my weakness and set out to intensify it. I had a group to hang out with at school but didn't feel included. I became insecure about my status at school.
One night before bed, I was reading Ether 12:27 when suddenly I understood that the Lord wanted to help me make good friends. If I had humility and faith, the Lord would help make my weakness a strength.
I have seen how the Lord has kept His promise. It doesn't matter where I stand on the high school social ladder, because Heavenly Father loves me for who I am. He has billions of children, but I know that He loves us individually for our own unique qualities. How grateful I am for the lesson I learned that night and for the peace and serenity that come with knowing God lives, He loves us individually, and He wants to help His children. I love Him with all my heart.
Who Am I Really?
By Michelle M.
When I was 17, I had been to many different Church activities and even a few Church meetings, but I was not a member of the Church.
One Sunday afternoon I was home with my mom. I think I had disappointed her and was feeling very down. My friend Karen called to see if I wanted to go to a fireside with her. I agreed. I remember that as the speaker came to the pulpit, he started by saying, "Who am I?"
How grateful I am for the lesson I learned that night and for the peace and serenity that come with knowing God lives, He loves us individually, and He wants to help His children.
I thought to myself, "I am a horrible person. My mom is mad at me." The speaker continued, "I am a son, I am a father, I am an uncle." And then he paused. It became very quiet, and he said, "I am a child of God."
He looked at me and said, "You are a child of God." And then he looked to someone else and said again, "You are a child of God."
I was not yet familiar with the Spirit and what it felt like, but I got a lump in my throat and started to cry. I was a little embarrassed and didn't know what to think, so I left. I called my sister and her husband, who are Church members, and asked if I could talk to the missionaries that night. We met with them, and I was baptized three weeks later. The Spirit truly witnessed to me that night that I was a child of God.
What about You?
Just like these youth, you can learn to recognize God's love in your life. Consider writing these experiences in your journal and sharing them with friends and family. You can also share with others by clicking on Share your experience below.


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No one doubts Ray Rice's ability, but his inability to be productive this year has been a constant question.
But while his coach wondered if his hip injury is still bothering him, and conceded that they'd play the hot hand in the backfield, Rice insisted he was fine and things were about to turn.
"Once I get a little space, you'll see I'm clear off the injury," Rice said, via Jeff Zrebiec of the Baltimore Sun. "It's an ongoing battle that you just have to keep working through. This is something different for me, it's something different for the offensive line, and it's something different for all of us. It's something we're not used to.
"In the grand scheme of things, we did come out with a win last week. I don't want to harp too much on it, but it's something that needs to be corrected. We'll work on it."
While offensive line problems have also been a constant for the Ravens, neither Rice nor backup Bernard Pierce have been able to show much over the course of the year. They're third from the bottom in rushing, and are tied with the Jaguars for a league-worst 2.8 yards per carry.
"I don't need to prove I'm a Pro Bowler," Rice said. "I've been there three times already and I've won a Super Bowl. Proving all that stuff all over again is not in my best interest. It's trying to do whatever I can to make the Baltimore Ravens win football games. As long as I'm able to do that, I'm fine with that. If I'm lacking in one area, go look at how I'm doing in pass protection. Go look at how I'm working with my offensive line, helping those guys communicate with Joe [Flacco, the quarterback].
"They're just statistics and numbers that a lot of the world gets caught up in. Right now, the only statistic or number that matters is a 'W.'"
Of course, the Ravens only have four of those, a number that also comes up well short of expectations for the defending champions.


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As of February 21, 2012 the new blog for Rock-it Radio. http://www.rockitradio.net Listing of and archiving the newsletter and playlists of our shows. Rock-it Radio has been online since 1995 and plays roots Americana rock and roll. Including Rockabilly and Doo Wop.
Sunday, June 17, 2012
Rock-it Radio Newsletter for shows #4149 to #4157
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In just 8 days, the California Rim Fire burned more than 224 square miles including parts of the Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park. Thousands of firefighters have been deployed to put out the fire and as of today, they say it is about 30% contained.
At this point, we know of two charities that are responding.
- The 4-star Yosemite Conservancy is seeking funds to restore trails, facilities and wildlife habitat destroyed by fire.
- The 3-star American Red Cross has shelters open and is providing assistance to people who have been forced out of their homes by the fire.


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ETC > NSA Home > Mathematics 9-12 > Marketing Research Projects
Marketing Research Projects
Students will learn various marketing concepts through the use of wireless laptops.
In the completion of this project, students demonstrate marketing skills as well as learn/understand the importance of:
- Communication skills-the ability to exchange information and ideas with others through writing, speaking, reading or listening
- Analytical skills-the ability to derive facts from data, findings from facts, conclusions from findings and recommendations from conclusions
- Critical thinking/problem solving skills
- Production skills-the ability to take a concept from an idea and make it real
- Teamwork-the ability to be an effective member of a productive group
- Priorities/time management-the ability to determine priorities and manage time commitments and deadlines
- Identify of competitive conditions within a market area
In this project students select a business in which to base their research. Each year the topic changes. This year the topic is customer service offerings of the business.
- Students will research the background of a business and community.
- Students will conduct a survey that will evaluate the customer service offerings of the chosen business as well as the customer service offerings of the chosen business's competitors.
- Then students analyze the customer preference research data.
Based on the analysis and comparison of the research, they identify proposed customer service offerings for the chosen business.
- Students complete the project by developing a promotional campaign for the customer service offerings that includes goals/objectives and rationale of the promotion.
Sunshine State Standards
Fashion Applications/Management Standards:
- 22.0 Apply fashion product and service technology.
- 23.0 Demonstrate merchandising skills appropriate for fashion marketing.
- 24.0 Implement fashion marketing operational techniques.
- 25.0 Apply promotional planning techniques and procedures to fashion marketing.
NETS Profiles for Technology Literate Students
- Evaluate technology-based options, including distance and distributed education for lifelong learning.
- Investigate and apply expert systems, intelligent agents, and simulation in real-world applications.
- Collaborate with peers, experts, and others to contribute to a content-related knowledge base by using technology to compile, synthesize, produce, and disseminate information, models, and other creative works.
- Project guidelines (as provided by National DECA in the DECA Guide)
- Laptops
- Students develop and present their project through a PowerPoint presentation
- Students develop additional visual aids to be used during their presentation
- Students defend their project at state and national competitive events
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|This article, Union of Independent Republics, may require cleanup. Deploy Delta Team to East Barricade Academy and retrieve the data immediately!
The Union of Independent Republics or Independent Alliances[3] was the main antagonist of the Coalition of Ordered Governments during the Pendulum Wars for many natural resources. Little information is known about the Union other than that several famous members of the UIR were from the Ostri Republic and Pelles. The UIR used a mix of tactics to fight the COG, ranging from sabotage attacks on Imulsion pipelines in Sarfuth, to a fully mechanized army that fought COG troops at Aspho Fields. The UIRs greatest achievement was the creation of the Hammer of Dawn technology, which Chairman Tomas Dalyell wanted to capture and use to end the war. It is confirmed that the UIR was defeated by the COG, and the people of Sera enjoyed a new era of peace. The war was ended when the COG stole the Hammer of Dawn technology from the UIR and used it as a threat, therefore the Union of Independent Republics were forced to surrender, although it still took several years. The peace between the UIR and COG only lasted a few weeks before Emergence Day.[4][5] But some nations refused to surrender and resorted to Guerrilla warfare.[6] Unknown to the COG, some 4,000 UIR citizens survived Emergence Day and the Hammer of Dawn strikes by moving around the continent by sea. They possessed a submarine, a tanker, a frigate and some patrol boats as well as an Imulsion Rig. They never joined the survivors at Jacinto as they didn't think it'd be any different there, but they met up with Jacinto's Remnant near the island of Vectes and joined them there. Part of the deal was that they join the COG in order to move into there, and they did at the agreement of Commander Miran Trescu, ending any possible future hostilities with the surviving members of the UIR. The survivors of UIR later come to the aid of the remnants of the COG during the Second Battle of Azura and provide much-needed aid in the battle that ends the Locust War.
Pendulum Wars
After Dr. Helen Cooper used the Lightmass Process to turn Imulsion into a valuable and limitless fuel, the global economy collapsed and Era of Silence with it. Only a few nations held vast Imulsion reserves while others had none of the new fuel. The UIR and the COG formed around this time period and soon the two superpowers fell into a global conflict fighting over Imulsion. The war was soon called the Pendulum Wars and the UIR fought the COG on vast fronts across Sera. For the next 79 years of the war, the UIR fought the COG for dominance of Sera and invaded poorer nations and colonizing them under the cloak of "protection".[7] The UIR along with it socialist enemy the COG used the same military tactics that revolves around infantry based warfare.
Eastern Front
On the Eastern Front, where the Duke of Tollen's Regiment a COG military unit battled Gorasni soldiers under the banner of the UIR. The UIR succeeded in many military victories that lead to several Gears to be captured and sent to the Ramascu camps. A notorious POW camp ran by the Gorasni. Several Gears of the Duke of Tollen's Regiment survived Ramascu and later retired to Vectes island, where the COG and later the Gorasni remnant relocated to in A.E 15. Reopening old war scares from the death camps.
Ostri Front
Thirty years into the Pendulum Wars. The COG and the UIR engaged in trench warfare in the Ostri Republic. The Siege of Anvil Gate would later remind Cpt.Ranald F. Sander of the Ostri Front.
The Kashkur breakthrough
In B.E. 27, the UIR had battle lines draw on western borders of Kashkur, a COG aligned nation, the UIR and COG were engaged in a stalemate. The UIR had loyal nation-states in the Eastern Central Massif but only the western borders of Kashkur were a frontline. Until neutral Vasgar failed to pay its Imulsion bills, indebted to both the COG and UIR which supplied fuel to Vasgar. The Unity Party wanted a vote of no confidence over the failure of passing a new budget. Facing the vote of confidence, President Ilim steps down from power and being replaced by an Acting president.[8][9] While his country entered into chaos UIR Chairman Vari ordered Furlin "peacekeepers" to occupy Vasgar so they could restore order. But the occupation was only meant to invade southern Kashkur and to capture one of Sera's largest Imulsion reveres. One of Furlin's army attacks the city of Shavad while the Furlin's Third Infantry attack the fortress of Anvil Gate. The 26th Royal Tyran Infantry had companies defending Anvil Gate and Shavad. At Shavad city the UIR army made advances and pushed Howerd Company out of the city and forced them to retreat to the main battle group. At Anvil Gate, the Fifteenth Furlin Cavalry was able to cutoff Anvil Gate and had prevented any reinforcements from entering Anvil Gate. For three months the UIR pounded the fort until Lt.Hoffman offered to surrender the fort. The UIR took the offer but it was a trap and over 200 Furlin soldiers were killed in the trap and the fort remained in COG hands. Eventually, COG reinforcements arrived to find the fort still in the COGs hand. UIR forces in all of Kaskhur was able to advance up till Ragani city where Gears led by Cpt. Adam Fenix was trying to keep the road open for the COG army. Fenix was able to single handily destroy a single Pariah Tank. And the Andius Fusiliers Regiment was able to arrive to help keep the road open for the COG.
Aspho Point
Two years before E-Day, the Pendulum Wars was still at a stalemate until Ostri scientist named Mauris Ivo made a breakthrough with satellite technology. This forced the COG and the UIR into an armed race with satellite-based weapons; the UIR was winning until the COG decided the break the mold of warfare and started using commandos to fight their wars instead of massive armies. The COG inserted a team at Aspho Point while C Company of the 26th Royal Tyrans defended Aspho Fields from Ostri troops. The raid ended with the COG gaining the UIR satellite technology and turning the war in the COG's favor.
Surrendering to the COG
After the final battle of the Pendulum Wars, the armistice was signed.
Even after the armistice was signed, few nations like Gorasnaya refused to surrender and continued a guerrilla war.
Holdouts like Gorasnaya were attacked along with every other country across Sera. The Gorasni mainland was overrun and the remnant of the UIR held ports on the Seran mainland. The Gorasni, the last remnant of the UIR, was able to survive E-Day and the Hammer of Dawn Counterattack since the Locust could not sweep across the whole mainland. But the Gorasni remnant would lose the cities of Chalitz and Meschov to the Stranded, forcing the UIR to fight both the Locust and their fellow Serans.[10] The UIR remnant rallied around naval commander Miran Trescu who led the remaining 5000 Gorasni citizens from the ashes of the mainland.
Fighting the Stranded and Unification with the COG
Fifteen years after E-Day, the UIR remnant was settled in the Lesser Islands chain, they faced a sea-based Stranded pirate group lead by Darrel Jacques. Darrel raided several UIR ships forcing Commander Miran Trescu to hunt him down and starting a war between the COG and Stranded.[11] Trescu was able to track down Jacques who was in a prisoner swap with the Tyran-COG remnant, Trescu waited for the COG to give Jacques, and had his submarine the Zephyr to attack Darrel's ship. Killing all the Stranded aboard. Trescu then made contact with the COG and in negotiations. The Zephyr entered Vectes port and Trescu disembark to enter negotiations with Chairman Richard Prescott and Chief of the COG Defense Staff Col.Victor S. Hoffman on the UIR population. Trescu agreed to join the COG as citizens and abandon the UIR for safe passage and giving the COG the access the last Imulsion platform left on Sera the Emerald Spar Imulsion Platform. With a handshake, the last of the UIR was gone and joined the COG. But Trescu and his people would continue acting independent and treated their soldiers as a second army and ignored the COG chains of command and formed their own ghetto in New Jacinto. Eventually, the COG disbanded due to the Lambent Pandemic and the Gorasni returned to their own homeland, but still honored their alliance with the remnants of the COG and came to Delta Squad's aid in the Second Battle of Azura that ended both wars. After the end of the Locust War, the remnants of the UIR joined with the reconstituted COG to begin a joint rebuilding of civilization on Sera. The COG welcomed the contribution of the UIR's surviving technical knowledge and culture. As the COG, the UIR chose to abandon their previous cultural sights to forget about the horrors of the Locust War. 25 years after the Imulsion Countermeasure, much of the UIR's Pendulum era War Machine was left to rust.
Foreign Policy
- "The UIR never admitted to having colonies or invading poorer countries that had something they wanted. They Always "protected" the lesser nations they walked into."
- — Gears of War: Jacinto's RemnantThe UIR was known to invade weaker nations of Sera that had some value to them, such as the South Islands or the Lesser Islands chain, the latter of which was rich in Imulsion. The UIR took advantage of Maranday neutrally to attack the coalition nation of Sarfuth.[12][13] When the Vasgar government was unable to resolve their economic problems and collapsed, the UIR sent "peacekeepers" into Vasgar and invaded Kashkur.[14]
Standards and Symbols
Little is known of the UIR's iconography. The national flag is an orange lightning bolt, in an orange ring flanked by orange wings. The UIR emblem is depicted upon the left Bicep, and back of the UIR's infantry armor. In addition, black armbands with the UIR symbol drawn in red were worn over the left arms of UIR soldiers in armor.
Society and Culture
War Crimes
- "And the UIR interrogate and execute commandos as spies. No P.O.W. status under the Bombourg Convention."
- — Major Baxter, to Cpt. Victor Hoffman before his commando team goes on a missionThe UIR nation of Gorasnaya housed several labor camps, most notably the Ramascu camp, where Gears from the Eastern Front were sent to. A large number of Coalition soldiers died in the camps including members of the Duke of Tollen's Regiment.[15] But Major Toly and Cpt.Benoslau from the Independent Republic of Furlin would allow the civilians of Anvil Gate to escape the warzone and send wounded Gears to military hospitals rather than P.O.W. camps.[16]
- Independent Republic of Furlin
- Pelles
- Ostri Republic
- Republic of Gorasnaya
- Republic of Lauczi
- Vasgar (Occupied)[17]
All weapons used by the UIR were merged with the COG after the Pendulum Wars.
- Booshka
- Breechshot
- Gnasher
- Hammer of Dawn (Helped create)
- Lancer MK1
- Markza
- Rocket Launcher
- Snub
UIR Army
Behind the scenes
- The UIR troops wore armor that looked similar to the Gears standard issue armor but was black/gray instead of blue, and seemingly had slightly different helmets.
- In Issue #7 of the Gears of War comic, the UIR soldiers are shown to have very different armor than the COG soldiers. It may be these Indies are from a different country to those seen in the opening cutscene of Gears of War 2. It is likely that Epic did not feel it necessary to create character models for the UIR in Gears of War 2 seeing as they would only be on screen for less than a minute.
- In Gears of War: They Also Serve, an Indie tank gunner was also seen, and he didn't wear either armor type.
In Gears of War: Anvil Gate, the head of state of the UIR was Chairman Daniel Vari, while in Gears of War: Promise Me, Yori Deschenko was Premier of the UIR and its head of state. Both Gears of War: Anvil Gate and Promise Me are works of Karen Traviss and it is unknown if the title of the leaders of the UIR was changed or if it was a retcon.
- ↑ Gears of War: Anvil Gate
- ↑ Gears of War: Coalition's End
- ↑ Gears of War: Jacinto's Remnant pg 193
- ↑ http://gearsofwar.xbox.com/GOW2/TheGame.htm#/timeline/PendulumWarsEnd
- ↑ Gears of War: Jacinto's Remnant
- ↑ Gears of War: Jacinto's Remnant pg 382
- ↑ Gears of War: Jacinto's Remnant
- ↑ Gears of War: Anvil Gate pg 94
- ↑ Gears of War: Anvil Gate pg 102
- ↑ Gears of War: Anvil Gate pg 258-259
- ↑ Gears of War: Jacinto's Remnant pg 382
- ↑ Gears of War: Aspho Fields
- ↑ Gears of War: Unseen
- ↑ Gears of War: Anvil Gate
- ↑ Gears of War: Jacinto's Remnant
- ↑ Gears of War: Anvil Gate
- ↑ Gears of War: Anvil Gate


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Sunday, May 08, 2005
Hitler died in 1960?
Photo taken from: http://barilochenazi.com.ar/contacto.htm
Under Operation Paperclip the US and British governments helped many Nazis to escape from Germany.
In Moscow there is a skull fragment which is supposed to be Hitler's.
It has been asserted that DNA and dental evidence proves that Hitler died in 1945 in Berlin.
Abel Basti, an Argentinian journalist, is the author of 'Bariloche Nazi'. Basti claims Hitler escaped to San Carlos de Bariloche, in Patagonia, in Argentina, and died in 1960.
According to Basti, Hitler reached South America by submarine on July 28, 1945.
The official story is that Hitler committed suicide in his bunker on April 30, 1945.
In 1978, Basti went to work as a forest ranger in Bariloche. Basti was interested in the extradition to Italy of Nazi captain Erich Priebke in 1995. Priebke was detained in Bariloche. -
According to Basti, traces of Hitler's presence in southern Argentina gradually emerge.
Basti claims to have eyewitness accounts from qualified people who were with Hitler in Argentina. Basti reports FBI, British Intelligence, and Argentinean Navy documents discussing the presence of Nazi subs in the South Atlantic in July and August 1945.
The first official reports, in 1945, talk of an escape.
When the Red Army entered the bunker, Stalin asked for confirmation of Hitler's death and the general in charge reportedly said that he could not give confirmation as there was no body.
According to Basti: "In 1950, two sailors from the Graf Spee, a German vessel sunk by its own crew on the River Plate, said that they received at least two submarines in Patagonia on July 28, 1945."
In his book, Basti reproduces documents, affidavits, photographs and blueprints concerning the sites that sheltered Hitler, Martin Bormann, Joseph Mengele and Adolf Eichmann.
Basti states that 'The only 'official' story is the report made by General Zhukov, commander of the Soviet armies that occupied Berlin. Zhukov reportedly stated that Hitler and several Nazi leaders had escaped, presumably to Spain or the Americas. "This is what Stalin advised the U.S. government," says Basti.
Basti's book has a photo of the Incalco Ranch, located in Villa la Angostura on the shores of Lago Nahuel Huapi, 80 kilometers (50 miles) north of Bariloche. This was where Hitler allegedly lived.
The ranch is hidden by a pine forest and can only be reached by boat or hydroplane.
The ranch belonged to one of the most trusted aides of Peron, who was president of Argentina from 1946 to 1955.
Basti refers to Peron's secretary Rudolph Fraude, son of a German millionaire. Fraude allegedly looked after former Nazis in Argentina, among them Eichmann, who was captured in 1960 outside Buenos Aires by Israeli commandos.
Basti claims that Hitler also lived at Hacienda San Ramon, 10 kilometers east of Bariloche, which belonged at the time to the German principality of Schaumberg-Lippe.
Basti emphasises the 'vital assistance' offered by Peron's government at the time 'to admit the Fuhrer's henchmen into that country.'
Photos: http://barilochenazi.com.ar/english/index.html
Hitler in Argentina
Article on the KGB destruction of Hitler's remains
BBC article on the public display of Hitler's skull fragment
Washinton Post article on the death of Hitler
History bookshop account of Hitler's death
The World was Lied to about Hitler's Death
The OMEGA File - HITLER ESCAPED!
Posted by Anon at 10:49 AM
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