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Doom 3 Graphics Deathmatchby Derek Wilson on August 3, 2004 8:05 AM EST
- Posted in
- GPUs
IntroductionKicking off what we've dubbed "Doom 3 Week" here at AnandTech, we're bringing you our in depth analysis of video card performance under Doom 3.
Staying up all night benchmarking one of the most anticipated titles of the past few years has been very educational for us. Quite a few impressions we had about what our Doom 3 experience would be like had to be thrown out the window, and it all comes down to the fact that this is an impressive game no matter how you slice it.
Our goal in this review is to cover all angles of graphics card impact on playing Doom 3. We will explore everything from the ultra high end down to the bargain basement cards. We've also included such favorites as the GeForce 4 Ti 4400, the Radeon 9700 Pro, and the Radeon 9600 XT. All the usual suspects put in an appearance as well to make this one of the most comprehensive graphics tests we've undertaken in a while.
But let's get down to it: we're here for the analysis, so lets take a look at the system we're testing on and iron out the details about what to expect from this review.
UPDATE: We have recently been made aware of ATI's beta Catalyst 4.9 drivers targeted at Doom 3 performance enhancement. These drivers will not be available in a whql package until September, but until then, here is a sneak peek at percentage performance improvement over the 4.7 drivers:
|Catalyst 4.9 Performance Improvement
|High 10x7
|Ultra 10x7
|High 16x12
|Ultra 16x12
|X800 Pro
|Catalyst 4.9 Performance Improvement w/ 4xAA Enabled
|High 10x7
|Ultra 10x7
|High 16x12
|Ultra 16x12
|X800 Pro
We can see that the biggest performance improvements come on the higher end platform, higher quality setting, higher AA setting, and lower resolution. We were unable to install this driver on 9800 series cards, but we hear that performance improvement on older platforms is less significant than what we see on the x800 series.
UPDATE: The issues we experienced with the eVGA GeForce 6800 Ultra Extreme have been fixed with an newer version of the card sent by eVGA.com that (among other things) dropped the core clock speed down to 450MHz. We put the card through a grueling series of tests which confirm its rock solid stability under Doom 3. The scores with the new stable revision will be slightly lower than the previous Ultra Extreme (because of the clock speed decerase), but it is still the fastest card we've tested with Doom 3.
71 Comments
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WooDaddy - Tuesday, August 03, 2004 - linkHey tfranzese,
Yeah, I'll be fine, but I don't want to run at 640x480. I do have DDR, but only 256. This definately reminds me of the old days when I wanted to play Turok with my Riva128 card on my AMD K75 (or something like that). The minimum spec back then was really minimum spec and it seems the same here. I don't like being on the low-end so I'll probably build up a A64 system with some decent video card.
I just think this is great. D3 will hopefully be the shot in the arm to get everybody back to spending money in the PC market. I just hope Matrox, S3 and others jump back in the frey again. Reply
Boardmonger - Tuesday, August 03, 2004 - linkI am currently looking at buying a IBM Thinkpad T42 with a 64mb 9600m and I want it to play Doom3 and HL2 (Maybe not great, but playable.) I really want to move to a mobile solution to replace my desktop, but I still want to play a game from time to time and I think that if I can find a notebook that can play Doom3 and HL2 it will handle most of the new games for the next year or more. Any chance of benchmarking some notebooks with mid range cards in the next round of tests? Reply
tfranzese - Tuesday, August 03, 2004 - link"Actually, your XP1700 is just fine (at the low end) The min spec is a 1.5 MHz Intel or roughly a XP1500+"
Actually, because that 1.5 GHz Intel is a Pentium 4 adn his XP 1700+ is a 1.4 GHz Athlon. In comparison he's about 500 Willamette MHz ahead of the minimum with that chip. So, yeah, he's set as you said depending on Doom 3's memory bandwidth requirement which could play an important role.
However, with a minimum such as a 1.5 GHz Pentium 4 you also have to consider what such ancient machines could have in them, namely the possible crippling SDRAM. Reply
cosmotic - Tuesday, August 03, 2004 - linkit was my understanding that the GF4MX = GF2MX + AA. I'm surprised it would even work. It's funny that Carmack says GF4MX is ok when GF2MX isnt, if you dont have antialiasing on, your not ganing much. Maybe if its on a smaller process or something...
lanz: Since they started menchmarking with ATI Cards... OHHH!!!! (j/k, yeah, sounds fishy) Reply
lanz - Tuesday, August 03, 2004 - linkActually, looking at those benchies, something is defo wrong....
1024, x4 AA, High Quality X800 XTPE gets 51.6fps
1024, NO AA, High Quality X800 XTPE gets 46.5!
Since when as applying x4AA increase your framerate? Reply
kherman - Tuesday, August 03, 2004 - linkWhere are the ati 9600 SE benchmarks!
What can this Piece of XXXX do? I ave one and already decided to upgrade to a Geforce 6800 base model. I figured I'd be doing 640x480 at medium res....
Will someone, ANYONE, do a benchmark for this card. Reply
punko - Tuesday, August 03, 2004 - linkActually, your XP1700 is just fine (at the low end) The min spec is a 1.5 MHz Intel or roughly a XP1500+ Reply
WooDaddy - Tuesday, August 03, 2004 - linkWow... I feel like its the old days when 640x480 was an acceptable resolution to play with my Nvidia Riva128.
I feel invigorated almost. I must upgrade and spend money! My 4200 can't cut it. Neither can my Xp1700.
Carmack, good job! You may have just singlehandedly improved the personal tech sector. I'm buying nvidia stock now! I would suggest you would too.
Goi - Tuesday, August 03, 2004 - linkWow, the low end still seems pretty mainstream to me. I would've liked to see a GF3/GF4MX/R8500/GF FX5200 thrown into the mix. Reply
punko - Tuesday, August 03, 2004 - linkRe:13
Derek, I could sell you a used one . . . Reply


text:
Cosmos System Care is a rogue security program that promises to give your system protection from threats and also keep it optimized, improving its performance in the process. There're many programs of this kind available and this one might seem legitimate at first, too. Just purchase a license once the free scan is complete and an abundance of problems is found, and you can use all the benefits of Cosmos System Care too. Or so the people responsible for it want you to think.
In reality, you're dealing with malware which only exist to bring its developers money at your expense. Unlike other tools that are actually useful, this one doesn't give you anything in return, so the money paid just goes to waste. And there's also the fact that Cosmos System Care starts constantly asking to be updated if the payment is made. Agreeing to that leads to your computer being infiltrated with more threats, including browser redirect programs and ransomware, and that's definitely not something you want to allow to happen. That's why you need to make certain that a scenario like this isn't allowed to unfold. This may seem like a daunting task at first, but it's actually not the case at all and there's not much required from your side to achieve that goal.
Start by reducing your visits to dubious sources, as you never know what might happen if you decide to do otherwise. Limit your downloads to sites that have been online for a while and were proven to be reputable, and don't download this rogue security program if it's offered to you by itself – you now know that it shouldn't be trusted. Plus, choose a Custom method when installing new software, deselecting all the unnecessary components, and everything should be alright.
Common symptoms of Cosmos System Care activity
- Multiple fake security alerts, Windows error messages or virus warnings;
- Annoying pop-up messages that offer to purchase fake antivirus software license;
- Fake alert messages claiming that you have viruses, while your system is actually protected by antivirus software;
- You can't get access to your legitimate antivirus or antispyware software;
- You aren't able to launch your antivirus or antispyware software;
- Locked Task Manager, Control Panel, Windows Firewall or Registry Editor;
- Sluggish computer performance;
- Some of your system files might be deleted;
- You aren't able to uninstall this unwanted rogue application.
Sources of Cosmos System Care installation on your PC
- Scam system alerts and warnings;
- Compromised/hacked websites;
- Malicious pop-up ads;
- Bundling to freeware applications;
- Fake online virus scan or system check services;
- Malicious Windows OS update or upgrade packages;
- Attachments and download links in suspicious emails;
- Fake Facebook applications;
- Operating system and browser vulnerabilities.
Remove Cosmos System Care from your PC
You can easily remove Cosmos System Care program from your system using one of the effective anti-malware tools listed below, or you can follow our detailed step-by-step manual removal guide.
Part 1. Remove Cosmos System Care Automatically
Restart your computer in Safe Mode with Networking. You can find step-by-step instruction here on our website – "How to start Windows in Safe Mode with Networking".
If you have an antivirus software running on your computer, please check for its updates and scan your system. If the problem still persists, download and install one of the recommended anti-malware tools to automatically remove Cosmos System Care and other malware threats from your PC.
Quick Removal with Plumbytes Anti-Malware
1. You should download Plumbytes Anti-Malware installer to scan your computer for any malware or adware that might infected your computer. Plumbytes Anti-Malware is a trusted software that can detect and remove most of security threats, including adware, ransomware, PUPs, trojans, worms and rootkits.
2. Double-click the downloaded "antimalwaresetup.exe" installation file to launch it.
3. Click "Install" button to start the installation process. The setup wizard will automatically start to download necessary program files to your computer. Once download completed, Plumbytes Anti-Malware will be automatically installed on your computer. The entire installation process takes only 2-3 minutes.
4. Once installed, Plumbytes Anti-Malware will automatically update its antivirus signatures database and then start smart system scan to detect all malware, adware, spyware and other security threats.
5. You will see the detailed list of security threats and potentially unwanted applications detected on your PC. Click "Remove Selected" button to clear your PC from malicious files, adware and potentially unwanted applications.
Double-Check Your PC with SpyHunter 5 Anti-Malware
6. You can double-check your computer with SpyHunter 5 Anti-Malware in order to remove any leftover malware and adware traces. SpyHunter is considered as one of the best and most effective anti-malware tools today. Click the button below to download SpyHunter installation package.
7. Double-click the downloaded "SpyHunter-Installer.exe" file to start the installation process.
8. When the installation starts, the Setup Wizard will offer a few options and settings that you may want to configure. We recommend just clicking "Next" button to accept the default application settings. You can check out our detailed SpyHunter 5 Anti-Malware Setup & User Guide which can help you to go through the installation process and provide important information about malware scans and program settings.
9. Once the installation completed, SpyHunter 5 will automatically update antivirus database and latest virus definitions. Next, SpyHunter 5 Quick Scan will automatically check your computer for any malware, adware, spyware and other security threats.
10. You will see the detailed list of viruses and potentially unwanted applications detected on your PC. Click "Next" button to clear your PC from malicious files, adware and PUPs.
Alternate Recommended Anti-Malware Tools
The following awesome full-scale anti-malware products also have proved their effectiveness against all types of malware and adware. However, some of these anti-malware programs don't provide a free trial version, and you'll have to purchase a license key in order to clean your computer from the detected malware and PUPs.
1. HitmanPro.Alert – Download | Our Review – 30-Day Free Trial
2. Malwarebytes Anti-Malware – Download | Our Review – 14-Day Free Trial
3. Emsisoft Anti-Malware – Download | Our Review – 30-Day Free Trial
4. WiperSoft Antispyware – Download | Our Review
5. OSHI Defender AntiMalware – Download | Our Review
Part 2. Remove Cosmos System Care Manually (Removal Guide)
Notice: Manual removal guide is recommended to experienced computer users. Incorrect modifications introduced into the Windows operating system, Windows Registry or browser settings may result in serious system fails or software errors.
We've created this step-by-step removal guide to help you manually remove Cosmos System Care and other similar security threats from your computer. Please carefully follow all the steps listed in the instruction below. We've attached detailed screenshots and video guides for your convenience. If you have any questions or issues, please contact us via email, create a public forum question or contact us using online contact form. Please add your comments and suggestions to this guide below.
Remove Unwanted Programs from Windows
STEP 1: Remove Unwanted Programs in Control Panel
You should try to uninstall the rogueware application using "Programs and Features" tool in the Windows Control Panel.
Press Windows + R keys and type appwiz.cpl into the Open: field. Click OK button.
Guide for Windows 10, 8, 8.1 and 7 versions
Click Uninstall a program link in the Programs section.
Sort the installed programs by "Installed On" date to find recently installed applications. Select the entry for the program you want to remove and click Uninstall button.
Confirm the removal and wait until the program is finished uninstalling.
Guide for Windows XP
Go to Add or Remove Programs tool in the Control Panel.
Sort the installed programs by Date Last Used to find recently installed applications. Select the entry for the program you want to uninstall and click Remove button.
Click Remove button to confirm the removal. Wait until the program is finished uninstalling.
STEP 2: Clean Windows Registry
It's strongly recommended to clean your Windows Registry in order to remove all entries and registry keys associated with rogue program. Windows Registry contains all the settings and information for the software applications and user accounts in your Windows operating system. You need to launch Registry Editor utility to make changes to registry.
Apart from this manual instruction, you can try to use the CCleaner Professional program which described below in our guide. This effective program helps to clean and fix Windows Registry.
Guide for Windows 10, 8, 8.1, 7 and XP versions
Press Windows + R and type Run regedit or regedit.exe into the Open: search field. Click OK button or press Enter key.
Click Yes button in the User Account Control window to allow the Registry Editor to make changes.
When you open the Registry Editor for the first time, you'll see a treeview on the left-hand side that contains all of the registry keys with values and data on the right-hand side.
Once Registry Editor is opened, you need to find and remove registry keys and values created by malware or adware.
Press Ctrl + F (or go to Menu –> Edit –> Find) to open the Find bar.
Look up the name of the malware or adware affecting your PC and type it into "Find what:" text box. Check all checkboxes and then click Find Next button.
Right-click on the located registry entry and click Delete from the context menu. Repeat this process for each of the registry entries associated with malware.
Click Yes button in the confirmation window.
Remove Cosmos System Care from Web Browsers
If your default homepage or search engine page has been changed without your permission, or you're having problems with multiple redirects or annoying pop-up and context ads, it means that your browser is hijacked. We strongly recommend you to restore your browser to default settings and clean your browser shortcuts. This step-bystep guide will help you to get rid of any browser hijacker or adware (including malicious browser extensions, plug-ins or toolbars).
Removal Instructions for Google Chrome
STEP 3: Restore Google Chrome to Default Settings
You should restore your Google Chrome browser to default settings in order to get rid of browser redirects, pop up ads or other adware infection. All of your stored bookmarks and passwords will stay safe.
Open the Google Chrome browser and click Menu icon in the upper-right corner of the page. Go to the Settings menu.
Scroll to the bottom of the chrome://settings page
And click the Advanced.
Next, scroll to the bottom of the page once more and click Reset button.
Click Reset button in the confirmation window opened.
STEP 4: Fix Hijacked Google Chrome Browser Shortcuts
In some cases, a browser hijacker may infect shortcuts on your desktop, start menu and task bar in order to cause multiple browser redirects to third-party websites or to show you annoying pop up ads, or even to display fake security alerts. Browser hijackers can do this by adding some extra information to the existing browser shortcuts on your PC. That's why you need to manually check browser shortcuts to protect yourself from browser hijackers and other adware.
In addition to this manual instruction, below you can find a free and lightweight Shortcut Cleaner utility that can automatically fix hijacked browser shortcuts.
We've provided the detailed guide for Google Chrome browser below. However, you can feel free to use this instruction for Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera and other browsers too.
Right-click the web browser shortcut and select Properties option.
If the infected shortcut is pinned at your taskbar, right-click the icon and choose Google Chrome. Next, right-click Google Chrome and select Properties option. Then left-click the selected Properties to proceed.
Go to Shortcut tab. Carefully check Target field (path to executable file). This path line must end with executable file (.exe) of your browser, nothing else. If Target field ends with .bin, .url or any other file extension, it means that your browser shortcut is hijacked by malware.
Below you can find the default paths to executable files of web browsers.
If you detected that browser hijacker had modified the path to executable file, simply remove all unnecessary entries at the end of Target path field. On Shortcut tab, carefully check the Target field and delete malicious [Unknown URL] entry at the end of the system path.
You should also check and modify all other browser shortcuts that can be found in Windows Start Menu, Desktop and Taskbar.
Removal Instructions for Mozilla Firefox
STEP 3: Restore Mozilla Firefox to Default Settings
You should restore your Mozilla Firefox browser to default settings in order to get rid of browser redirects, pop up ads or other adware infection. All of your stored bookmarks and passwords will stay safe.
Launch Mozilla Firefox browser. Click Menu icon in the upper-right corner of the page. Next, click Help Menu icon below.
From the Help Menu list, select Troubleshooting Information option. You may also type about:support in Mozilla Firefox address bar to bring up Troubleshooting Information page.
Click Refresh Firefox… button in the dialog window.
Click Refresh Firefox button in the confirmation window.
STEP 4: Fix Hijacked Mozilla Firefox Browser Shortcuts
Please follow the steps described in Step 4 of this guide for Google Chrome browser.
Internet Explorer
Removal Instructions for Internet Explorer
STEP 3: Restore Internet Explorer to Default Settings
You should restore your Internet Explorer browser to default settings in order to get rid of browser redirects, pop up ads or other adware infection. All of your stored bookmarks and passwords will stay safe.
Launch the Internet Explorer browser. Locate and click Tools Menu icon in the upper-right corner of the page. Go to Internet options menu.
Go to Advanced tab and click Reset… button below.
In the Reset Internet Explorer Settings window, check the Delete personal settings check box and click the Reset button.
Next, click Close button in the confirmation box.
Once the task is complete, Internet Explorer will ask to restart your computer. Do NOT hurry to restart your PC! Prior to the restart of computer, you need to clean your Windows Registry and clean web browser shortcuts.
STEP 4: Fix Hijacked Internet Explorer Browser Shortcuts
Please follow the steps described in Step 4 of this guide for Google Chrome browser.
Removal Instructions for Microsoft Edge Browser
STEP 3: Restore Microsoft Edge to Default Settings
You should restore your Microsoft Edge browser to default settings in order to get rid of browser redirects, pop up ads or other adware infection. All of your stored bookmarks and passwords will stay safe.
Launch your Microsoft Edge browser. Click Menu icon in the upper-right corner of the page. Go to the Settings option.
Next, click Choose what to clear button to clear all browsing data.
Check all checkboxes in this window and then click Clear button.
Press the Windows logo key + X (or right-click on the ) to open Start Menu. Select Task Manager option. Go to Processes tab and select Microsoft Edge line. Right-click on the found Microsoft Edge and select Go to details option in the properties window.
Scroll the next window and locate MicrosoftEdge processes. Right-click on one of the MicrosoftEdge processes and select End task option.
Click End process button in the confirmation window. Repeat this process and shut down other running MicrosoftEdge processes in the Task Manager.
Removal Instructions for Opera Browser
STEP 3: Remove Adware from Opera Browser
Unfortunately, there is no special option provided in Opera settings in order to restore this browser to default. However, it's quite easy to clean your Opera browser from annoying redirects, pop up or any other adware using the following instruction.
Open your Opera web browser. Click Menu icon in the upper-left corner of the page. Go to About Opera option.
Copy the Profile and Cache path lines one after another. (Highlighted in yellow in the screenshot below).
Open Windows Explorer and search the copied paths of Opera Stable program folders. You can also manually locate these two program folders stored on your local hard drive.
Close your Opera browser and then delete all files and subfolders in two located Opera Stable program folders. Only this way Opera browser can be 100% cleared from all traces of adware and browser redirects.
We've provided two detailed screenshots below for your convenience.
Profile folder
Cache folder
STEP 4: Fix Hijacked Opera Browser Shortcuts
Please follow the steps described in Step 4 of this guide for Google Chrome browser.
Part 3. Useful Free Utilities for Our Manual Guide
The following small and free applications can help you to execute some of the important tasks which are described in our manual adware removal guide.
RKill – Stops Malicious Processes
If you can't manually find and terminate malicious processes in the Task Manager, you can download a free Rkill utility by BleepingComputer that stops known malware and adware processes so that your anti-malware software can normally start and run, and remove all traces of malware infections. RKill doesn't delete any system files, this application only stops a malicious running process. Once RKill finished its execution, you should immediately scan your computer with one of the anti-malware tools listed above.
CCleaner Professional – Cleans Windows Registry
CCleaner is an award-winning PC optimization tool that allows to fix Windows Registry errors, clean your computer from unused system and browser files, erase cookies and your browsing history and significantly improve your computer's overall speed and performance. CCleaner Professional comes with a free 14-day trial version.
Shortcut Cleaner – Cleans Hijacked Browser Shortcuts
If you can't manually fix your hijacked brower shortcuts, you can download a free Shortcut Cleaner program by BleepingComputer that checks your Windows shortcuts and cleans them so that your browser doesn't redirect to unwanted websites or display pop-up ads. Shortcut Cleaner is also able to clean hijacked Windows registry entries associated with known browser hijackers.
Part 4. How to Avoid Rogueware and Scareware?
- Install a trusted antivirus and firewall software. Set up daily automatic updates of antivirus databases;
- Keep the automatic updates of your operating system on;
- Don't install unknown suspicious anti-virus and anti-spyware programs or system optimization utilities;
- Don't trust sudden system alerts, error messages or virus warnings. Don't click on such fake pop-up warnings;
- Enable Windows Firewall;
- Keep your web browsers up to date;
- Keep Java, Adobe Flash and other important program up to date;
- Avoid suspicious and untrustworthy websites, including torrent-trackers, P2P networks and adult websites;
- Don't click on suspicious pop-up ads and banner ads. Don't click untrustworthy links;
- Don't open attachments in suspicious-looking unexpected emails;
- Scan downloaded installation files for malware prior to installation;
- Scan all downloaded files for viruses and always scan files on USB flash-drive or external HDD;
- Install and run suspicious programs in a virtual sandbox environment;
- Make backups of your personal files and photos. Create a "system image" of your computer.

subset: commoncrawl


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Professional Foot Clinic Specialists Near Ferndale MI
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The mini-incision surgery technique is used not only for heel pain and plantar fasciitis, but for bunions, neuromas and hammertoes. If you're experiencing heel pain don't hesitate to contact our office. We can help you determine the source of your heel pain and see if this sort of surgery is best for you and your condition.
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text:
Major Section: TUTORIAL-EXAMPLES
The other tutorial examples are rather small and entirely self contained. The present example is rather more elaborate, and makes use of a feature that really adds great power and versatility to ACL2, namely: the use of previously defined collections of lemmas, in the form of ``books.''
This example was written almost entirely by Bill Young of Computational Logic, Inc.
This example is based on one developed by Ricky Butler and Sally Johnson of NASA Langley for the PVS system, and subsequently revised by Judy Crow, et al, at SRI. It is a simple phone book specification. We will not bother to follow their versions closely, but will instead present a style of specification natural for ACL2.
The idea is to model an electronic phone book with the following properties.
Our phone book will store the phone numbers of a city.
It must be possible to retrieve a phone number, given a name.
It must be possible to add and delete entries.
Of course, there are numerous ways to construct such a model. A
natural approach within the Lisp/ACL2 context is to use
``association lists'' or ``alists.'' Briefly, an alist is a list of
(key . value) associating a value with a key. A phone
book could be an alist of pairs
(name . pnum). To find the phone
number associated with a given name, we merely search the alist
until we find the appropriate pair. For a large city, such a linear
list would not be efficient, but at this point we are interested
only in modeling the problem, not in deriving an efficient
implementation. We could address that question later by proving our
alist model equivalent, in some desired sense, to a more efficient
data structure.
We could build a theory of alists from scratch, or we can use a
previously constructed theory (book) of alist definitions and facts.
By using an existing book, we build upon the work of others, start
our specification and proof effort from a much richer foundation,
and hopefully devote more of our time to the problem at hand.
Unfortunately, it is not completely simple for the new user to know
what books are available and what they contain. We hope later
to improve the documentation of the growing collection of books
available with the ACL2 distribution; for now, the reader is
encouraged to look in the README file in the
books subdirectory.
For present purposes, the beginning user can simply take our word
that a book exists containing useful alist definitions and facts.
On our local machine, these definitions and lemmas can be introduced
into the current theory using the command:
This book has been ``certified,'' which means that the definitions and lemmas have been mechanically checked and stored in a safe manner. (See books and see include-book for details.)
(include-book "/slocal/src/acl2/v1-9/books/public/alist-defthms")
Including this book makes available a collection of functions including the following:
Along with these function definitions, the book also provides a number of proved lemmas that aid in simplifying expressions involving these functions. (See rule-classes for the way in which lemmas are used in simplification and rewriting.) For example,
(ALISTP A) ; is A an alist (actually a primitive ACL2 function)
(BIND X V A) ; associate the key X with value V in alist A
(BINDING X A) ; return the value associated with key X in alist A
(BOUND? X A) ; is key X associated with any value in alist A
(DOMAIN A) ; return the list of keys bound in alist A
(RANGE A) ; return the list of values bound to keys in alist A
(REMBIND X A) ; remove the binding of key X in alist A
asserts that
(defthm bound?-bind (equal (bound? x (bind y v a)) (or (equal x y) (bound? x a))))
x will be bound in
(bind y v a) if and only if:
x = y or
x was already bound in
a. Also,
asserts that the resulting binding will be
(defthm binding-bind (equal (binding x (bind y v a)) (if (equal x y) v (binding x a))))
v, if
x = y, or the
binding that
x had in
a already, if not.
Thus, the inclusion of this book essentially extends our specification and reasoning capabilities by the addition of new operations and facts about these operations that allow us to build further specifications on a richer and possibly more intuitive foundation.
However, it must be admitted that the use of a book such as this has two potential limitations:
For example, what is the value of
the definitions available in a book may not be ideal for your particular problem;
it is (extremely) likely that some useful facts (especially, rewrite rules) are not available in the book and will have to be proved.
binding when given a key that
is not bound in the alist? We can find out by examining the
function definition. Look at the definition of the
function (or any other defined function), using the
pe command:
ACL2 !>:pe binding d 33 (INCLUDE-BOOK "/slocal/src/acl2/v1-9/books/public/alist-defthms") >V d (DEFUN BINDING (X A) "The value bound to X in alist A." (DECLARE (XARGS :GUARD (ALISTP A))) (CDR (ASSOC-EQUAL X A)))
This tells us that
binding was introduced by the given
include-book form, is currently disabled in the current
theory, and has the definition given by the displayed
defun form.
We see that
binding is actually defined in terms of the primitive
assoc-equal function. If we look at the definition of
ACL2 !>:pe assoc-equal V -489 (DEFUN ASSOC-EQUAL (X ALIST) (DECLARE (XARGS :GUARD (ALISTP ALIST))) (COND ((ENDP ALIST) NIL) ((EQUAL X (CAR (CAR ALIST))) (CAR ALIST)) (T (ASSOC-EQUAL X (CDR ALIST)))))
we can see that
assoc-equal returns
nil upon reaching the end
of an unsuccessful search down the alist. So
binding returns
(cdr nil) in that case, which is
nil. Notice that we could also
have investigated this question by trying some simple examples.
ACL2 !>(binding 'a nil) NIL
ACL2 !>(binding 'a (list (cons 'b 2))) NIL
These definitions aren't ideal for all purposes. For one thing,
there's nothing that keeps us from having
nil as a value bound to
some key in the alist. Thus, if
binding returns
nil we don't
always know if that is the value associated with the key in the
alist, or if that key is not bound. We'll have to keep that
ambiguity in mind whenever we use
binding in our specification.
Suppose instead that we wanted
binding to return some error
string on unbound keys. Well, then we'd just have to write our own
version of
binding. But then we'd lose much of the value of
using a previously defined book. As with any specification
technique, certain tradeoffs are necessary.
Why not take a look at the definitions of other alist functions and see how they work together to provide the ability to construct and search alists? We'll be using them rather heavily in what follows so it will be good if you understand basically how they work. Simply start up ACL2 and execute the form shown earlier, but substituting our directory name for the top-level ACL2 directory with yours. Alternatively, the following should work if you start up ACL2 in the directory of the ACL2 sources:
Then, you can use
(include-book "books/public/alist-defthms")
:pe to look at function definitions.
You'll soon discover that almost all of the definitions are built on
definitions of other, more primitive functions, as
binding is
built on
assoc-equal. You can look at those as well, of course,
or in many cases visit their documentation.
The other problem with using a predefined book is that it will
seldom be ``sufficiently complete,'' in the sense that the
collection of rewrite rules supplied won't be adequate to prove
everything we'd like to know about the interactions of the various
functions. If it were, there'd be no real reason to know that
binding is built on top of
assoc-equal, because everything
we'd need to know about
binding would be nicely expressed in the
collection of theorems supplied with the book. However, that's very
seldom the case. Developing such a collection of rules is currently
more art than science and requires considerable experience. We'll
encounter examples later of ``missing'' facts about
binding and
our other alist functions. So, let's get on with the example.
Notice that alists are mappings of keys to values; but, there is no
notion of a ``type'' associated with the keys or with the values.
Our phone book example, however, does have such a notion of types;
we map names to phone numbers. We can introduce these ``types'' by
explicitly defining them, e.g., names are strings and phone numbers
are integers. Alternatively, we can partially define or
axiomatize a recognizer for names without giving a full definition.
A way to safely introduce such ``constrained'' function symbols in
ACL2 is with the
encapsulate form. For example, consider the
following form.
(encapsulate ;; Introduce a recognizer for names and give a ``type'' lemma. (((namep *) => *)) ;; (local (defun namep (x) ;; This declare is needed to tell ;; ACL2 that we're aware that the ;; argument x is not used in the body ;; of the function. (declare (ignore x)) t)) ;; (defthm namep-booleanp (booleanp (namep x))))
encapsulate form introduces the new function
namep of one
argument and one result and constrains
(namep x) to be Boolean,
for all inputs
x. More generally, an encapsulation establishes
an environment in which functions can be defined and theorems and
rules added without necessarily introducing those functions,
theorems, and rules into the environment outside the encapsulation.
To be admissible, all the events in the body of an encapsulate must be
admissible. But the effect of an encapsulate is to assume only the
non-local events.
The first ``argument'' to
((namep (x) t)) above,
declares the intended signatures of new function symbols that
will be ``exported'' from the encapsulation without definition. The
defun of
name defines name within the encapsulation
always to return
t. The
defthm event establishes that
namep is Boolean. By making the
defun local but the
local this encapsulate constrains the undefined function
namep to be Boolean; the admissibility of the encapsulation
establishes that there exists a Boolean function (namely the
constant function returning
We can subsequently use
namep as we use any other Boolean
function, with the proviso that we know nothing about it except that
it always returns either
t or
nil. We use
namep to
``recognize'' legal keys for our phonebook alist.
We wish to do something similar to define what it means to be a legal phone number. We submit the following form to ACL2:
This introduces a Boolean-valued recognizer
(encapsulate ;; Introduce a recognizer for phone numbers. (((pnump *) => *)) ;; (local (defun pnump (x) (not (equal x nil)))) ;; (defthm pnump-booleanp (booleanp (pnump x))) ;; (defthm nil-not-pnump (not (pnump nil)))).
pnump, with the
additional proviso that the constant
nil is not a
pnump. We
impose this restriction to guarantee that we'll never bind a name to
nil in our phone book and thereby introduce the kind of ambiguity
described above regarding the use of
Now a legal phone book is an alist mapping from
nameps to
pnumps. We can define this as follows:
Thus, a phone book is really a list of pairs
(defun name-phonenum-pairp (x) ;; Recognizes a pair of (name . pnum). (and (consp x) (namep (car x)) (pnump (cdr x))))
(defun phonebookp (l) ;; Recognizes a list of such pairs. (if (not (consp l)) (null l) (and (name-phonenum-pairp (car l)) (phonebookp (cdr l)))))
(name . pnum).
Notice that we have not assumed that the keys of the phone book are
distinct. We'll worry about that question later. (It is not always
desirable to insist that the keys of an alist be distinct. But it
may be a useful requirement for our specific example.)
Now we are ready to define some of the functions necessary for our phonebook example. The functions we need are:
(IN-BOOK? NM BK) ; does NM have a phone number in BK
(FIND-PHONE NM BK) ; find NM's phone number in phonebook BK
(ADD-PHONE NM PNUM BK) ; give NM the phone number PNUM in BK
(CHANGE-PHONE NM PNUM BK) ; change NM's phone number to PNUM in BK
(DEL-PHONE NM PNUM) ; remove NM's phone number from BK
Given our underlying theory of alists, it is easy to write these functions. But we must take care to specify appropriate ``boundary'' behavior. Thus, what behavior do we want when, say, we try to change the phone number of a client who is not currently in the book? As usual, there are numerous possibilities; here we'll assume that we return the phone book unchanged if we try anything ``illegal.''
Possible definitions of our phone book functions are as follows.
(Remember, an
include-book form such as the ones shown earlier
must be executed in order to provide definitions for functions such
Notice that we don't have to check whether a name is in the book before deleting, because
(defun in-book? (nm bk) (bound? nm bk))
(defun find-phone (nm bk) (binding nm bk))
(defun add-phone (nm pnum bk) ;; If nm already in-book?, make no change. (if (in-book? nm bk) bk (bind nm pnum bk)))
(defun change-phone (nm pnum bk) ;; Make a change only if nm already has a phone number. (if (in-book? nm bk) (bind nm pnum bk) bk))
(defun del-phone (nm bk) ;; Remove the binding from bk, if there is one. (rembind nm bk))
rembind is essentially a no-op if
is not bound in
In some sense, this completes our specification. But we can't have any real confidence in its correctness without validating our specification in some way. One way to do so is by proving some properties of our specification. Some candidate properties are:
1. A name will be in the book after we add it.
2. We will find the most recently added phone number for a client.
3. If we change a number, we'll find the change.
4. Changing and then deleting a number is the same as just deleting.
5. A name will not be in the book after we delete it.
Let's formulate some of these properties. The first one, for example, is:
You may wonder why we didn't need any hypotheses about the ``types'' of the arguments. In fact,
(defthm add-in-book (in-book? nm (add-phone nm pnum bk))).
add-in-book is really expressing a
property that is true of alists in general, not just of the
particular variety of alists we are dealing with. Of course, we
could have added some extraneous hypotheses and proved:
but that would have yielded a weaker and less useful lemma because it would apply to fewer situations. In general, it is best to state lemmas in the most general form possible and to eliminate unnecessary hypotheses whenever possible. The reason for that is simple: lemmas are usually stored as rules and used in later proofs. For a lemma to be used, its hypotheses must be relieved (proved to hold in that instance); extra hypotheses require extra work. So we avoid them whenever possible.
(defthm add-in-book (implies (and (namep nm) (pnump pnum) (phonebookp bk)) (in-book? nm (add-phone nm pnum bk)))),
There is another, more important observation to make about our
lemma. Even in its simpler form (without the extraneous
hypotheses), the lemma
add-in-book may be useless as a
rewrite rule. Notice that it is stated in terms of the
non-recursive functions
in-book? and
add-phone. If such
functions appear in the left hand side of the conclusion of a lemma,
the lemma may not ever be used. Suppose in a later proof, the
theorem prover encountered a term of the form:
Since we've already proved
(in-book? nm (add-phone nm pnum bk)).
add-in-book, you'd expect that this
would be immediately reduced to true. However, the theorem prover
will often ``expand'' the non-recursive definitions of
add-phone using their definitions before it attempts
rewriting with lemmas. After this expansion, lemma
won't ``match'' the term and so won't be applied. Look back at
the proof script for
add-in-proof and you'll notice that at the
very end the prover warned you of this potential difficulty when it
The ``Warnings'' line notifies you that there are non-recursive function calls in the left hand side of the conclusion and that this problem might arise. Of course, it may be that you don't ever plan to use the lemma for rewriting or that your intention is to disable these functions. Disabled functions are not expanded and the lemma should apply. However, you should always take note of such warnings and consider an appropriate response. By the way, we noted above that
Warnings: Non-rec Time: 0.18 seconds (prove: 0.05, print: 0.00, other: 0.13) ADD-IN-BOOK
binding is disabled. If it
were not, none of the lemmas about
binding in the book we
included would likely be of much use for exactly the reason we just
For our current example, let's assume that we're just investigating
the properties of our specifications and not concerned about using
our lemmas for rewriting. So let's go on. If we really want to
avoid the warnings, we can add
:rule-classes nil to each
defthm event; see rule-classes.
Property 2 is: we always find the most recently added phone number for a client. Try the following formalization:
and you'll find that the proof attempt fails. Examining the proof attempt and our function definitions, we see that the lemma is false if
(defthm find-add-first-cut (equal (find-phone nm (add-phone nm pnum bk)) pnum))
nm is already in the book. We can remedy this situation by
reformulating our lemma in at least two different ways:
For technical reasons, lemmas such as
(defthm find-add1 (implies (not (in-book? nm bk)) (equal (find-phone nm (add-phone nm pnum bk)) pnum)))
(defthm find-add2 (equal (find-phone nm (add-phone nm pnum bk)) (if (in-book? nm bk) (find-phone nm bk) pnum)))
find-add2, i.e., which do
not have hypotheses, are usually slightly preferable. This lemma is
stored as an ``unconditional'' rewrite rule (i.e., has no
hypotheses) and, therefore, will apply more often than
However, for our current purposes either version is all right.
Property 3 says: If we change a number, we'll find the change. This is very similar to the previous example. The formalization is as follows.
Property 4 says: changing and then deleting a number is the same as just deleting. We can model this as follows.
(defthm find-change (equal (find-phone nm (change-phone nm pnum bk)) (if (in-book? nm bk) pnum (find-phone nm bk))))
Unfortunately, when we try to prove this, we encounter subgoals that seem to be true, but for which the prover is stumped. For example, consider the following goal. (Note:
(defthm del-change (equal (del-phone nm (change-phone nm pnum bk)) (del-phone nm bk)))
endp holds of lists that
are empty.)
Our intuition about
Subgoal *1/4 (IMPLIES (AND (NOT (ENDP BK)) (NOT (EQUAL NM (CAAR BK))) (NOT (BOUND? NM (CDR BK))) (BOUND? NM BK)) (EQUAL (REMBIND NM (BIND NM PNUM BK)) (REMBIND NM BK))).
rembind and
bind tells us that this goal
should be true even without the hypotheses. We attempt to prove the
following lemma.
The prover proves this by induction, and stores it as a rewrite rule. After that, the prover has no difficulty in proving
(defthm rembind-bind (equal (rembind nm (bind nm pnum bk)) (rembind nm bk)))
The need to prove lemma
rembind-bind illustrates a point we made
early in this example: the collection of rewrite rules
supplied by a previously certified book will almost never be
everything you'll need. It would be nice if we could operate purely
in the realm of names, phone numbers, and phone books without ever
having to prove any new facts about alists. Unfortunately, we
needed a fact about the relation between
rembind and
bind that
wasn't supplied with the alists theory. Hopefully, such omissions
will be rare.
Finally, let's consider our property 5 above: a name will not be in the book after we delete it. We formalize this as follows:
This proves easily. But notice that it's only true because
(defthm in-book-del (not (in-book? nm (del-phone nm bk))))
del-phone (actually
rembind) removes all occurrences of a
name from the phone book. If it only removed, say, the first one it
encountered, we'd need a hypothesis that said that
nm occurs at
most once in
bk. Ah, maybe that's a property you hadn't
considered. Maybe you want to ensure that any name occurs at
most once in any valid phonebook.
To complete this example, let's consider adding an invariant to our specification. In particular, suppose we want to assure that no client has more than one associated phone number. One way to ensure this is to require that the domain of the alist is a ``set'' (has no duplicates).
Now, we want to show under what conditions our operations preserve the property of being a
(defun setp (l) (if (atom l) (null l) (and (not (member-equal (car l) (cdr l))) (setp (cdr l)))))
(defun valid-phonebookp (bk) (and (phonebookp bk) (setp (domain bk))))
valid-phonebookp. The operations
in-book? and
find-phone don't return a phone book, so we
don't really need to worry about them. Since we're really
interested in the ``types'' of values preserved by our phonebook
functions, let's look at the types of those operations as well.
Note the ``
(defthm in-book-booleanp (booleanp (in-book? nm bk)))
(defthm in-book-namep (implies (and (phonebookp bk) (in-book? nm bk)) (namep nm)) :hints (("Goal" :in-theory (enable bound?))))
(defthm find-phone-pnump (implies (and (phonebookp bk) (in-book? nm bk)) (pnump (find-phone nm bk))) :hints (("Goal" :in-theory (enable bound? binding))))
hints'' on the last two lemmas. Neither of these
would prove without these hints, because once again there are
some facts about
bound? and
binding not available in our
current context. Now, we could figure out what those facts are and
try to prove them. Alternatively, we can enable
bound? and
binding and hope that by opening up these functions, the
conjectures will reduce to versions that the prover does know enough
about or can prove by induction. In this case, this strategy works.
The hints tell the prover to enable the functions in question
when considering the designated goal.
Below we develop the theorems showing that
change-phone, and
del-phone preserve our proposed invariant.
Notice that along the way we have to prove some subsidiary facts,
some of which are pretty ugly. It would be a good idea for you to
try, say,
add-phone-preserves-invariant without introducing the
following four lemmas first. See if you can develop the proof and
only add these lemmas as you need assistance. Then try
change-phone-preserves-invariant and
They will be easier. It is illuminating to think about why
del-phone-preserves-invariant does not need any ``type''
(defthm bind-preserves-phonebookp (implies (and (phonebookp bk) (namep nm) (pnump num)) (phonebookp (bind nm num bk)))) (defthm member-equal-strip-cars-bind (implies (and (not (equal x y)) (not (member-equal x (strip-cars a)))) (not (member-equal x (strip-cars (bind y z a)))))) (defthm bind-preserves-domain-setp (implies (and (alistp bk) (setp (domain bk))) (setp (domain (bind nm num bk)))) :hints (("Goal" :in-theory (enable domain)))) (defthm phonebookp-alistp (implies (phonebookp bk) (alistp bk))) (defthm ADD-PHONE-PRESERVES-INVARIANT (implies (and (valid-phonebookp bk) (namep nm) (pnump num)) (valid-phonebookp (add-phone nm num bk))) :hints (("Goal" :in-theory (disable domain-bind)))) (defthm CHANGE-PHONE-PRESERVES-INVARIANT (implies (and (valid-phonebookp bk) (namep nm) (pnump num)) (valid-phonebookp (change-phone nm num bk))) :hints (("Goal" :in-theory (disable domain-bind)))) (defthm remove-equal-preserves-setp (implies (setp l) (setp (remove-equal x l)))) (defthm rembind-preserves-phonebookp (implies (phonebookp bk) (phonebookp (rembind nm bk)))) (defthm DEL-PHONE-PRESERVES-INVARIANT (implies (valid-phonebookp bk) (valid-phonebookp (del-phone nm bk))))
As a final test of your understanding, try to formulate and prove an invariant that says that no phone number is assigned to more than one name. The following hints may help.
1. Define the appropriate invariant. (Hint: remember the function
2. Do our current definitions of
change-phonenecessarily preserve this property? If not, consider what hypotheses are necessary in order to guarantee that they do preserve this property.
3. Study the definition of the function
rangeand notice that it is defined in terms of the function
strip-cdrs. Understand how this defines the range of an alist.
4. Formulate the correctness theorems and attempt to prove them. You'll probably benefit from studying the invariant proof above. In particular, you may need some fact about the function
strip-cdrsanalogous to the lemma
Below is one solution to this exercise. Don't look at the solution,
however, until you've struggled a bit with it. Notice that we
didn't actually change the definitions of
add-phone and
change-phone, but added a hypothesis saying that the number is
``new.'' We could have changed the definitions to check this and
return the phonebook unchanged if the number was already in use.
(defun pnums-in-use (bk) (range bk)) (defun phonenums-unique (bk) (setp (pnums-in-use bk))) (defun new-pnump (pnum bk) (not (member-equal pnum (pnums-in-use bk)))) (defthm member-equal-strip-cdrs-rembind (implies (not (member-equal x (strip-cdrs y))) (not (member-equal x (strip-cdrs (rembind z y)))))) (defthm DEL-PHONE-PRESERVES-PHONENUMS-UNIQUE (implies (phonenums-unique bk) (phonenums-unique (del-phone nm bk))) :hints (("Goal" :in-theory (enable range)))) (defthm strip-cdrs-bind-non-member (implies (and (not (bound? x a)) (alistp a)) (equal (strip-cdrs (bind x y a)) (append (strip-cdrs a) (list y)))) :hints (("Goal" :in-theory (enable bound?)))) (defthm setp-append-list (implies (setp l) (equal (setp (append l (list x))) (not (member-equal x l))))) (defthm ADD-PHONE-PRESERVES-PHONENUMS-UNIQUE (implies (and (phonenums-unique bk) (new-pnump pnum bk) (alistp bk)) (phonenums-unique (add-phone nm pnum bk))) :hints (("Goal" :in-theory (enable range)))) (defthm member-equal-strip-cdrs-bind (implies (and (not (member-equal z (strip-cdrs a))) (not (equal z y))) (not (member-equal z (strip-cdrs (bind x y a)))))) (defthm CHANGE-PHONE-PRESERVES-PHONENUMS-UNIQUE (implies (and (phonenums-unique bk) (new-pnump pnum bk) (alistp bk)) (phonenums-unique (change-phone nm pnum bk))) :hints (("Goal" :in-theory (enable range))))


text:
eValid™ — Automated Web Quality Solution
by ReedRob » Thu Jun 04, 2015 8:58 am
by eValid » Fri Jun 05, 2015 4:00 pm
ReedRob wrote:Morning.Does eValid have a way to recover from tests that fail? How does it work?Thanks in advance.
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text:
Hope College President James E. Bultman has been elected to the Division III Presidents Council of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
The 15-member Presidents Council is Division III's primary governance body, overseeing the Division III Management Council and the division's committee structure. The four-year term will begin in April.
Presidents Council members are elected in balloting open to all presidents and chancellors at Division III member institutions. Division III is the largest of the NCAA divisions with 444 active and provisional member institutions.
President of his alma mater since 1999, Dr. Bultman been a member of the NCAA's President Advisory Group. Prior to coming to Hope, Dr. Bultman served as president of NorthwesternCollege, Orange City, Iowa, (1985-99) and in that capacity was a member of the Council of Presidents of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA).
Dr. Bultman played football and baseball while a Hope undergraduate, achieving all-conference (MIAA) honors three times in baseball. He returned to his alma mater to teach in the education department and later served as dean for the social sciences. He also served as the college's baseball coach and an assistant football coach.


text:
Nine months is a long time to go without seeing your child. Which is why this mother didn't let her son go after he returned from nine months of deployment. Pvt. Kenny Joel Garcia, 24, returned to Queens, New York on April 12, after service in Afghanistan. Garcia and his girlfriend Hannah Long wanted to make the reunion between mother and son as special as possible. So, they plotted to surprise her. The couple had to bend the truth a little to pull it off, but the look on his mother's face was totally worth it. Watch the video above to see her surprised reaction. According to Newsflare, Hannah told Garcia's mother, Yoelina Sheinkopf, that she was stopping by to borrow a video camera, but instead she brought a surprise guest. This was Garcia's first time hugging his mom in 10 months. The moment was caught on camera by Garcia's girlfriend.
In the video, Pvt. Garcia can be seen walking through a hallway holding flowers for his mom. He waited for her as she came around the corner, knowing that she had no idea he would be on the other side of the door. She takes one look at her son gives out a joyous yell, hugs him and doesn't let go. "Ahhhhhhhhh, mi niño! Mi niño! Gracias mi Señor! (My son, my son. Thank you, Lord!)" Garcia's mother held her son and thanked God over and over for bringing her son home. "Gracias mi padre. Gracias, gracias! (Thank you, my father. Thank you, thank you!)"
For more incredible stories about our military, follow Militarykind on Facebook.


text:
The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will image large regions of the sky in near-infrared light to answer fundamental questions about dark energy and the structure and evolution of the universe. It will also greatly expand our knowledge of planetary systems around other stars, and revolutionize many other astrophysical topics. Slated to launch in the mid-2020s, the observatory will operate at a gravitational balance point known as Earth-sun L2, which is located about 930,000 miles from Earth in a direction directly opposite the sun.
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Conceptual Image Lab
Publication: February 18, 2016


text:
Steele Creek Park
Bristol, Tennessee 1 course · 9 holes Driving directions
Course reviews
Most votes | Newest first | Oldest first
+4 votes Tony Reynolds › February 8, 2011
This is my home course. It is a beautiful course and well groomed. All it needs is some more holes that are a little tougher. Which will be added later. But no time soon. And they have no interest in tournments other than charity. There cool and for good causes but it would be nice to have other tournments. If you like to air it out come give it a try.
+3 votes Justin Grubb › April 24, 2011
dont kno what happened from the blue tee hole 1 lol i messed it up bad wit a 4
+2 votes Joe Russell › February 8, 2011
This is a surprisingly great course to play for only a 9 hole layout. The layout is an excellent design for a 9 hole Blue/White tee layout. Only one hole, #3 has the same look from both tee boxes. Course is well maintained with only downside of traffic issues as the course receives more play.
+2 votes Kenny Dotson › March 6, 2011
very well groomed course,love this course.
+2 votes dale c › April 27, 2011
+1 votes Wayne Russell › April 11, 2012
+1 votes Donald Black › June 1, 2011
grass needs to be cut getting a bit high
+0 votes Chase Arndt › May 11, 2011
+0 votes Ben Marshall › May 12, 2011
+0 votes Lauren Swift › May 16, 2011
love this course...
+0 votes Gary Ratliff › May 24, 2011
+0 votes Greg "Crash" King › May 27, 2011
Played alot of courses and the great thing about the creek, besides the friends i have made there is watching the local talent and course grow.
I love putting with my driver.
I love putting with my driver.
+0 votes Nathan Bailey › June 9, 2011
I love this course. Beautify upkeep and fantastic layout. Even with only 9 holes, this is a fun and challenging course.
+0 votes Paul Murray › January 11, 2012
very nice and open, great course to really get a good feel on your discs, love it
+0 votes Josh Baker › May 7, 2012
+0 votes Mark Hawkins › September 15, 2012
Very open, great course for beginners. Pro shop has good disc selection as well.
+0 votes Emory Barlow › October 27, 2013
Very nice, well groomed course. Could use some more difficult holes but overall an enjoyable play.
+0 votes Erin Feeley › February 7, 2017
Good time and really liked to see two set teas per hole.


text:
KINGS vs. PHILADELPHIA
Faceoff: 1 p.m., Saturday, Staples Center
TV/Radio: FSW, 1150-AM
Update: Kings top-line center Anze Kopitar has scored three goals in five games, which would be a fine stretch of games for any of the NHL's best players. No one member of the Kings has scored during that five-game stretch, however, and that's a very big problem. The Kings (30-20-6) have lost seven of their last eight games. Their lone victory during that stretch was a 1-0 decision Monday over the Sharks in San Jose. What's more, the Kings went 5-8-2 during January and dropped to 19 points behind the Pacific Division-leading Ducks and eight points in back of the second-place Sharks. Kings captain Dustin Brown on Friday was named as an alternate captain for the U.S. Olympic team. Defenseman Robyn Regehr is set to play in his 1,000th game in the NHL today. The Flyers are 26-23-6.


text:
Reindeer ....
Not just for Santa anymore !
Established in 1992 ROBA (Reindeer Owners and Breeders Association) recently celebrated another Anniversary.
With members
through out the United States and Canada it remains the largest organization
its type in North America. There are also reindeer contacts
and members abroad,
which help make this
collective a part of the global reindeer community.
Dedicated to the advancement of public awareness of reindeer, ROBA also supplies the membership with reindeer education, research, and conservation. These goals help to develop and enhance the abilities of members to maintain healthy herds and reindeer business operations.
Board of Directors:
At Large - Mike Jablonski, (President) Hamburg, New York
At Large - Kyle Wilson, (Vice President) Knoxville, Tennessee
Central Region - Jeff Phillips, Hartford, Wisconsin
Alaska Region - Greg Finstad, Fairbanks, Alaska
East Region - Dan Downs, (Treasurer) La Rue, Ohio
East Region - Vincent Zarate, Easton, Pennsylvania
North Region -
West Region - Cindy Murdoch, Marcola, Oregon
At Large - Dr. Mike Cary, Pine City, New York
At Large - Daryl Simon, Lake Crystal, Minnesota
Owners and Breeders Association


text:
If you have an Android phone, I hope you will take a moment to download CharlotteObserver.com's new application (app), designed to give you full advantage of your phone's features.
The app is free. I have it on my phone and can say from personal experience that it dramatically improves your ability to navigate the site.
You move easily from top breaking news to sports, entertainment, business news, opinion and even movie show times.
Photos look great, too. They have their own place in the navigation bar, making it easy to go straight to slide shows. (To activate a slide show, touch the photo. Then use your finger to slide from frame to frame). I just went through more than 30 photos of the Panthers' Steve Smith and Cam Newton tossing footballs and horsing around with kids at Smith's football camp.
To get the app, go the Market on your Android phone and search for Charlotte Observer. Check that the app says McClatchy Newspapers to make sure you are downloading the correct app. View the details.
The phone can also be a great way to keep up with news throughout the day, regardless of where you are. In fact, it's how I learned Saturday about that nasty line of thunderstorms about to sweep through the region.
A growing number of you also are keeping tabs on CharlotteObserver.com by phone. Compared to January, traffic to the site through phones through the first half of June is up almost 50 percent, with over 700,000 page views.
For those of you with an iPhone or iPod Touch, we also have a free iPhone news app. Just go to the iPhone market and search for Charlotte Observer.
And if you use a Blackberry or other Web-enabled phone, you can view our news updates by directing your smart phone browser to CharlotteObserver.com.
Sunday, June 19, 2011
Android users, your app is here
If you have an Android phone, I hope you will take a moment to download CharlotteObserver.com's new application (app), designed to give you full advantage of your phone's features.


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We pride ourselves on a providing a uniquely personal approach to accountancy and tax, local to Theale.
So, what sets us apart from the rest?
Fixed fees
We'll tell you the total cost upfront, and won't land you with any hidden extras. There's also the option to spread payments over several months, if you prefer.
A no-obligation meeting
If you're considering becoming a client we'll talk through your requirements during a free, no-obligation meeting at our Office, near Theale.
Safe hands
We're experienced at what we do, and can keep you up to date with the latest developments in taxation and company law. We will be proactive with your business & review your position at least annually.
Free Software
We offer free bookkeeping software, and free training to use it. This enables you to prepare your bookkeeping & for us to review your figures during the year, not just after year-end.
Sound Management
We get the basics right – answering the phone and replying to your emails within one working day. We have an open door policy for our clients.
A Prompt Service
We'll turn your accounts around within four weeks of receiving your records, so they don't sit with us gathering dust. We'll also prepare your accounts soon after your year-end, meaning you have up-to-date, relevant accounts and plenty of notice of any tax liability.
Plain English
We're friendly, approachable, and won't bamboozle you with technical jargon. We are refreshingly different accountants, based near Theale.
A tailored approach
No two businesses are ever quite the same. We will discuss your business needs with you & offer you a tailored solution, bespoke for your business.
Did you know?
Many major companies have their headquarters in Reading, including Microsoft, Oracle, Hibu (formerly Yell Group) and ING Direct.
Image: Theale High Street | Source: Christopher J. Wood | Creative Commons License


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Home > News & Events > Wayland Press Release Archives > 2007 News Releases > April 2007 > Wayland responds to tragedy in Virginia
Wayland responds to tragedy in Virginia
PLAINVIEW – Like much of the nation, students at Wayland Baptist University are mourning the tragic shooting at Virginia Tech and planned several activities to show support and lift up the VTU community.
The office of student activities is coordinating a banner to be signed by Wayland students, faculty and staff in the next few days. The banner will then be sent to the campus in care of Kellie Keeling, a WBU graduate who teaches at Virginia Tech now, to be shared with the campus.
Donnie Brown, Baptist Student Ministries director at Wayland, led chapel services on Wednesday, April 18, with a special prayer time for the victims and their friends, families and coworkers. Cards were circulated and signed and sent to the BSM at Virginia Tech as well.
The group planned a special come-and-go prayer time from 6-8 p.m. on Thursday, April 19, at the Student Ministries Activity Center for those who wished to lift up the campus and the victims' loved ones. The event mirrored similar gatherings occurring at colleges across the nation on the same evening.
Students involved in reviving the Alpha Phi Omega service organization are planning a memorial time on the WBU campus for Sunday, April 22, from 7-9 p.m. in the lawn area east of Harral Auditorium. Several tables will be set up representing groups for which to pray.
"One table will be the victims, one will be the family, and one the Virginia Tech community, for example," said Hope English, group sponsor. "This was the students' idea, and they're planning it. We're calling it Wayland Remembers Virginia Tech. There is a very active chapter of APO at Virginia Tech so we wanted to tie in with them."
The public is invited to participate in any of the memorial activities.


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Ever wanted to see Tom Kyte and Tom DeMarco live on stage? That's your opportunity to see both at one event! Check out the details at the conference page of the Austrian Oracle Usergroup. And the best news is that it's free! See you there.
2 thoughts on "See Tom Kyte and Tom DeMarco Live on 15th June in Vienna, Austria"
Hope to see you, too *g*


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Environmentalists and the construction community typically spend their time fighting each other's every move, but the advent of green building has given them a cause to rally behind
Environmental movements have a reputation for being associated with neo-hippy, tree-hugging fringe groups and are generally dismissed by middle America and met with upturned noses from the industrial world. With goals and mission statements extolling the virtues of energy conservation and clean air and water that often work in direct contrast to the purpose and output of the U.S. industrial sector, any environmentalist action group is bound to butt heads with the manufacturing and production markets. All of which makes it even harder to believe that the latest eco-friendly cause has been championed by men and women who work in high-rise office buildings and carry briefcases.
Green building is the architecture and design community's answer to hybrid cars. In the abstract, it's the concept of environmentally friendly construction. More specifically, it's a multi-discipline building ideal that incorporates energy-efficient electrical elements and innovative use of materials and structural design to produce a work environment that's not only more comfortable for employees but less expensive to operate. Compact fluorescent light bulbs that not only use less energy but give off less heat, thereby reducing the strain on HVAC systems, and intelligent controls that turn off the lights when no one's around are just two of the elements that make up a holistic approach to designing better buildings.
What may be more surprising than the idea of this eco-industrial marriage is the city where so much of today's green building is taking place. Smack in the middle of the industrial belt and better known for smoke stacks and steel than recycling centers and trees, Pittsburgh has become a leader in the green building movement, thanks in large part to the local non-profit Green Building Alliance (GBA). Rebecca Flora, the organization's executive director, says the city's involvement is just the latest step in greening up its image. "[Green building] ties into the overall economic development strategy for our region, which is very much about changing its image and having people look at this as a more exciting and progressive place to be," she says. "This is just the next natural step in our transformation."
In the case of Pittsburgh, what has become a city-wide program was conceived as most environmental movements are — at the grassroots level. The GBA began as a loose coalition of building industry members that spent most of its time and effort trying to educate the public and the rest of the building community on the benefits of green building. It wasn't until 1997, when the privately funded Heinz Endowments became the unofficial benefactor of Pittsburgh's green movement, that the group was able to expand its reach.
In 2002, the GBA received $550,000 in grants from the Heinz Endowments and the Richard King Mellon Foundation to continue its work. And its contributions like these and support from local government that Flora says have made green building possible in Pittsburgh and could help it expand to other cities. "Without their willingness to take that risk in terms of something that was new and different, it wouldn't have been easy to get others to follow," she says. "It all comes down to the support from the foundation community, the leadership at the state level, the resources available through our organization, and the support of some of those developer pioneers who were willing to go out there and do it."
Although Pittsburgh is now a leader in the green building movement, it may soon have to share that title. As global energy markets continue to destabilize and domestic energy prices continue to rise, facilities managers and building owners in cities across the country will be forced to rethink their attitudes toward the lifecycle costs associated with investing in the energy-efficient lighting and HVAC designs at the heart of green building. Design and construction firms may also have to consider themselves members of a team instead of autonomous guns-for-hire in the construction process.
Think globally, act locally.
Coal continues to be the source of more than half of the United States' electricity. And with more than 275 billion tons of it still under American soil, it might be easy to conclude that electricity is in no short supply. The fact is, the markets for the remaining natural sources of energy — oil and natural gas — are in the midst of a volatile period of fluctuation that have left energy providers with two options: build more generation plants or force end-users to better manage their loads. "We think of energy in this country as cheap and plentiful, but that's changing," says Bill Odell, sustainable design principal for Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum, a St. Louis-based sustainable design firm. "If the world cut the United States off from its supply of oil, we would be in deep trouble. We could drill everywhere in this country, including offshore and everywhere in the Arctic, and still not begin to match what this country gets from countries overseas."
As the price of fossil fuel increases, those costs are passed along to the utilities and ultimately the end-users. Hospitals, schools, and industrial facilities now have the added responsibility in a depressed economy to cut spending anywhere they can. What starts as a global problem becomes a local one in a few short steps. Although participating in voluntary load shedding programs can help, Odell and the rest of the green building community stress that the answer lies in the designs. "If you're building facilities that are going to last a long time, it's just more cost-efficient to be as prudent as you can in terms of making these buildings use less energy," Odell says. "It's so simple to design buildings that use a small fraction of the energy that a non-energy-efficient [building] does."
Green advocates like Odell and Flora say a well-designed, energy-efficient building can reduce energy bills by anywhere from 30% to 50%. Lighting can account for as much as 40% of a facility's bill, making it the first and easiest component to improve when going green. And the evolution from standard 4-ft fluorescent tubes to more energy-friendly technologies like compact fluorescents has given lighting designers a variety of choices for reducing the cost of illumination.
Although lighting may be the most visible building system component, and therefore the first to be upgraded in most situations, it's only the first step in an energy-efficient design. Once building owners discover the savings provided by energy-efficient lighting, they often begin looking for other areas to save money, says Jeff Barnhart, advisory board member of the Energize America Educational Institute and CEO of Creative Marketing Alliance. "Now people are looking at the whole envelope as opposed to strictly the lighting side," he says. "People are looking at HVAC, different types of film for windows that reflects light, and building roof technologies with coatings that reflect heat energy, thereby reducing air conditioning costs."
On the other hand, John Newcomb, president of Newcomb Anderson Associates, a San Francisco-based energy efficiency design firm and an EMCOR company, takes a more stripped-down approach. If no one's using it, he says, turn it off. The best way to do that? Use controls. "You can use all the fancy light fixtures you want, but regardless of the circumstances under which the lighting is used, the simplest and most straightforward thing to do is turn them off," he says. "If you take that simple rule and apply it to heating and cooling buildings and process activities in industrial plants, you can save a lot of energy. The biggest, most immediate, and most active single project that we undertake is controls. That allows you to take existing systems and control them in more efficient ways."
Pay me now or pay me later.
Advanced lighting and control technologies come at a price, which can present a problem when the original intent in building green is to cut costs. With tight budgets shifting the emphasis to the bottom line, it can be difficult for building owners to see past the initial cost of energy efficiency projects. The challenge for the green building community is to help the people who approve these projects change the way they think about spending money.
"Even in today's environment with more education on the technologies that are available, people still look at [green building] and say, 'Hey, I have a capital outlay that I have to make. And even though it may save me money in the long term, I don't have the capital money to spend right now,'" Barnhart says.
This shift from selling the technology to selling the cost benefits has made it more important for the firms who design green building systems to target the people who make the financial decisions, in most cases the CEOs and CFOs (Sidebar below). "The sale of the product has gone from a functional sale to a financial sale," Barnhart says. "The idea is to go in and say, 'Listen, if you do this, you'll save this, you'll put X to your bottom line, and it pays for itself in a year [in reduced energy costs]. It's a good financial investment.'"
Finding that person who will look at the big picture can be the difference between a successful project and one that never makes it out of the planning meeting. Just as Flora advocates the need for a champion at the city level for green building to work, Newcomb stresses the importance of finding a champion within the company considering an energy efficiency project. "Usually, these projects are very complex," he says. "The paybacks are anywhere from two or three years to 10 years in the public sector — and that's just simple paybacks — so there needs to be someone within the organization who thinks this is a good idea and wants to make it happen."
In many cases, selling energy-efficiency projects on lifecycle cost still isn't enough. In some cities, local utilities have stepped in and begun to offer rebates and incentives for using green technologies. The New Jersey SmartStart Building Program has made it possible for the state's utility companies to encourage customers and specifiers to use high-efficiency electric or gas equipment and an integrated design approach when considering the building envelope and its mechanical and lighting systems. In addition to incentives as high as $1,000 for pre-design planning sessions and $5,000 for design simulation and screening, the program offers customers cash incentives of $35 to $50 for each energy-efficient lamp installed and $30 to $75 for each lighting control unit specified for a project.
Programs like SmartStart Building indicate utilities' attempt to solve the problem on both ends of the power lines. "Rebates are coming back into vogue now as utilities realize that it's a matter of decreasing the consumption or buying more expensive power plants," he says. "Energy reduction is the lesser of two evils."
'Leeding' the charge.
For the enterprising facilities manager or building owner who's willing to spend the money to reduce energy costs, it can be difficult to know where to begin. Concepts like "maximizing efficiency" and "achieving increased levels of energy performance" are vague at best, but they make up the heart of green building. To better define those muddled ideals and give green designers a benchmark against which to judge their plans, the U.S. Green Building Council developed the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system in the late '90s and published it in 1999. The voluntary, performance-based guideline awards point values to various building design characteristics. A total of 69 points in five categories — sustainable site, water, energy and atmosphere, materials, and environmental qualities — is possible, and 26 points are necessary for certification.
The inclusion of items like water and materials suggests a more holistic approach that looks at the entire building, not just the electrical system. In fact, analyzing the entire building and how its systems interact is the most effective way to reap the benefits of green building, says Greg Kats, chair of the energy and atmosphere committee of LEED and principal of Capital E, Washington, D.C. "If you approach this on a technology-by-technology basis, you're missing the largest savings," he says. "It's really the systems and integration approach of the multiple elements of green building that give you the largest benefits."
Green design not only saves money on equipment that's already in place, but eliminates the cost of larger equipment necessary to meet peak demands. By reducing peak loads, it's possible to avoid the capital expenses associated with larger generation equipment.
Although such an approach may be beneficial in terms of lifecycle costs, the initial costs of whole-building designs — especially in existing buildings — can be prohibitive. "The reality of it is that people aren't going to look at their entire building and say, 'OK, I'm going to do lights, HVAC, and the roof all at the same time,'" Barnhart says. "In an ideal world, maybe that would be the way to go, but I think what you're going to see is that most people will do it in phases, just like anything else."
Despite the drawbacks to the holistic approach, buildings that achieve LEED certification may have not only seen a drop in energy costs but could look forward to some kickbacks from the utilities down the line as well. Kats says the developers of LEED see a day when the positive effects of green building on energy providers, including peak shaving, will be returned to the end-user. "If green buildings provide substantial benefits to the utility because they use not only less electricity but also less electricity during peak times, that needs to be recognized," he says. "Those green buildings need to share in some of the financial compensation that results from their better design."
The whole and the sum of its parts.
That theme of integration evident in the LEED guidelines also carries over to the design process necessary for green building. Odell sees too many projects fail because the parties involved — from the architect down to the subcontractors — are wrapped up in doing things the way they've always done them. Not only that, he's grown frustrated with architects who design the same buildings for two vastly different regions of the country, neglecting to take climate and environment variances into consideration. "These architects design the same type of building for Milwaukee and Miami without understanding anything about energy," he says. "Then they just throw it over the wall to the engineers, who have to pump a lot of energy into it to solve all of the problems that the architect created for them. The engineers throw it over the wall to the contractors, who then turn around and throw it to the subcontractors."
Instead, he advocates a process similar to design/build. "Some of our best projects are when, even in the early phases, we've had the contractors and major subcontractors involved in the process," he says. "So the electrical contractor doesn't see his job as just looking at a drawing and connecting this box to that fixture. He sees his role as part of creating what ought to be a wonderful work environment."
GBA's Flora agrees. "One of the things that we haven't done well as a building industry in the past is to have all of the team members talking to each other right from the beginning and throughout the project," she says. "So we strongly advocate everyone working together in a team fashion. The contractor doesn't have to wait until the very end to find out what the project is all about."
The team concept has worked in Pittsburgh. From the city's design firms up through state government and local foundations, each member of the building community has played its part in making green building a possibility in a city that wouldn't typically be at the top of most people's lists of eco-friendly metro areas. And Flora is taking that attitude and trying to pass it on to other cities in the infancy stages of green building awareness, with the hopes of it graduating to a national level. "I've talked to groups in other parts of the country and shared our model and discussed how to make it work for them," she says. "The way I look at it, if we don't have strong regional-based organizations and activities, it's going to be hard to have a national effort succeed. You still need those things happening on the ground at the regional level, and you need those troops in the trenches doing the work."
Sidebar: Selling Green Building
The positive PR attached to any environmentally friendly building project may be the deciding factor for some building owners, but John Newcomb of Newcomb Anderson Associates, an EMCOR Group company, says the majority of energy efficiency projects are all about the bottom line. And the potential savings that he can offer to a client will ultimately determine the size of the project. "Certainly there is some PR value to having a green building, but almost always it's icing on an economics cake," he says. "So the scale of the project has to do with what the payback is likely to be, and oftentimes that's influenced by the availability of capital to do the project."
Because of the money at stake, Laurie Hoff, director of business development for the EMCOR Group, often targets the upper levels of management when selling a project, but she acknowledges the importance of making sure the facility's entire team is on board. "Ultimately, the decision-maker that you're selling to is the CFO and/or the CEO," she says. "But they're going to rely on their maintenance staff to tell them they're doing the right thing mechanically or electrically. If you're trying to sell something that the maintenance staff just doesn't like or can't live with, it's not going to work."


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Read more about our custom gym equipment and see pictures in our online gallery.
Our professionally refurbished elliptical trainers set the industry standard, which competitors can only try to emulate. This process is done to the manufacturer's specifications and is conducted exclusively in-house, allowing for complete control over quality. Our certified refurbished gym equipment are truly in a class of their own.
This part is the user's direct connection to the elliptical and is the initial way a user may distinguish the machine from new, thus a fresh overlay is key. We replace all overlays with new ones to ensure reliability, longevity and a blemish free machine that will last for the long haul.
All emblems and decals are replaced with new ones, as a pre-requisite to our remanufacturing process. To achieve a "like-new" elliptical, it is imperative that even the smallest details are affected and perfected, adhering with the manufacturer's original cosmetic specifications.
It is easy to cut costs and use cheap entry level replacement parts such as belts and assemblies but at GFI, we use premium drive belts. Drive assemblies are either rebuilt or recycled and replaced with new ones. These ensure easy use and extend the life of the part and elliptical.
The technicians in our electronics department inspect and run each crosstrainer board through a series of tests using scopes and other sophisticated testing equipment. Often, basic repairs can be made returning the part to a perfect condition. If this is not possible, parts are recycled and replaced.
Our engineering department is responsible for dismantling, diagnosing and rebuilding all alternators/generators. To provide an exceptional Elliptical Trainer, this product must be rebuilt (or replaced) to ensure perfect functionality and performance. Batteries are recycled and replaced as necessary.
We are the only used fitness equipment factory in the United States with our own in-house silica sandblasting and powder coating shop. All of our Elliptical Trainer frames and metal parts are run through this process and can therefore be considered truly refurbished.
We replace the shrouds on our Elliptical Trainers unless they are in pristine condition. Often our competitors will choose to repair and paint these parts which over time will look worn and old, and may just as easily break again. Our process ensures a better crosstrainer overall.
Our Refurbished Machines carry a 1 Year comprehensive parts & labor warranty.


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A happy traipse through England's most excellent cemeteries with a lumpy Kodak.
posted by ash scatter at 23:35
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Neither photographer nor goth, I am only a simple cemetery-poke-abouter, tickled and touched in equal measure. Am I going to hell? But of course.
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The bottom line is the boy is excited. He can't wait to have real gym and learn more math (his favorite subject). I know he will do awesome this year but, there is something tremendously bittersweet to think that this is the start of school forever, college and then a life of his own (dramatic much). This little man became my full time job (literally and figuratively) while I was still pregnant and put on bed rest. I know in a few weeks when the routine finds it self I will be thankful for the special time Lena and I will have. The excitement in picking him up each day and listening to his stories but, humor me while I boo-hoo a bit tomorrow. I think this must be some sort of mommy rite of passage as all of my mommy friends have the same FB posts and newborn/now pictures scattered all over. I was listening to daddy pray with Jack before bed about his new class, friends, teacher and I was reminded my boy is in good hands. I know the only one who loves him more than we do has gone before him and put everything in place for him. He is on loan to us and I am so thankful. These last five years of Jack and I have been the best and I am so blessed to think I have had so much time with him. These years I will cherish forever. I can not wait for us to figure out our new normal as he starts his school career.
::done gushing for now::
Kindergarten pictures of our boy.


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Thin Floating Frame – Pink Lotus 60cm x 80cm
Whats funkier than a canvas? Framed Canvas! This new style 'thin' floating frame sits just off the edge of the canvas print, giving it a super sleep floating appearance. They add a touch of luxury to your space. All come with with double brass hooks on the back for extra stability when hung on the wall.
'Nomad' Blushing Door Way Floating Frame
Inspired by travel to exotic locations, this amazing artwork is a gorgeous focal point for any home. Pair with our range of textural cushions to complete the look.
- Canvas print with floating frame
- NATURAL Look Frame
- Stylish and Versatile - Change your artwork with your decor
- Ready to hang - D hooks attached
- 80cm x 100cm
'Nursery Rhyme' Henrietta Hedgehog Canvas Print
Fun and vibrant - the kids will get a kick out of having this cute little lady in their room. This adorable design is also available in a matching canvas print to complete the look.
- Small and affordable and make it SUPER easy to change up the feel of a room
- Rayell Jnr. Range
- Sturdy timber frame with a stretched canvas over the top
- Brass fittings; Ready to Hang
- Ideal for gifts
- Measures 60cm x 60cm
'Botanica' Monsteria Palms Jungle Premium Edition Artwork
The ever popular Monsteria Leaf is here to stay, and this artwork is a gorgeous watercolour example. With varied tones and framed by a natural timber frame, it is sure to freshen up any space.
– Natural Timber Frame
-Stretched canvas with an premium floating frame
– Change you artwork with your Decor
– Hooks and screws provided for easy hanging
– Measures 102cm x 142cm
'Coastie' Abstract Blue Horizon Premium Edition Artwork
This 'Abstract Blue Horizon' artwork adds a contemporary and luxurious feeling to any space. The rich aqua and teal paired with the muted sand tones would stand out against a crisp white decor. This artwork has beautiful watercolour-style details throughout and is stunning upclose.
– Measures 102cm x 102cm
'Monochroma' Abstract Black Line Premium Edition Artwork
Our 'Abstract Black Line' artwork is a striking addition to any space. The monochrome colour scheme makes it very versatile for styling. With BLACK foil details, it is sure to impress in any space.
– Black Frame
– Foil Detail
'Gatsby' Abstract Golden Waterfall Premium Edition Artwork
Our 'Golden Waterfall' artwork is a must-have this season. It features stunning gold foil detail and is enclosed in a gold frame. This will make any space feel luxe and glamorous.
– Gold Frame
– Stretched canvas with an premium floating frame
Grab this subtle coastal artwork and add a breezy vibe to your summer nook.
Need a lovely way to light up a room in your home? Our beautiful lanterns are a great way to do just that!
Our Jute Rugs are perfect for coastal chic styling! Made from Jute, this textured and durable rug comes with a beautiful circle detail around the edge of the rug, it is sure to add a visual focal point to any space.


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Baltimore Police plan to purchase 300 new computers for their nine police district stations, a long-needed upgrade that officials said will allow officers to work quicker and better use technology to fight crime.
The agency did not provide information on how much the upgrades will cost, how the purchase is being funded, or what type of machines it is buying. Since his arrival in 2012, Police Commissioner Anthony W. Batts has said repeatedly that the department's equipment is well beyond its expiration date, in some cases more than 20 years old.
In a news release, the agency said the older machines "do not have the capability to run modern programs used in law enforcement."
"We have a generation of officers [used] to high-end technology and they know how to use it effectively," Batts said in a statement. "We are going to provide them what they need so we can all work to reduce crime."
The investment is separate from $5 million earmarked in Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake's recently-unveiled budget that officials said would allow police officers to file reports from crime scenes and their supervisors to better manage overtime costs.
Consultants hired by the Police Department to evaluate the agency concluded last fall that "the policing infrastructure has been allowed to deteriorate to a deplorable level over time where today information technology, buildings, vehicles, and related assets no longer support the type of policing required to address Baltimore's problems."
"Police officers need to be able to work in a reasonable environment, with good equipment, clean and modern facilities, and modern communications," the consultants wrote.


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Bilstein - B6 Performance Rear
Bilstein B6 Performance dampers are a performance upgrade to OE dampers designed to be paired with the OE factory spring. These dampers offer application specific valve settings with a monotube design to bring out the best handling performance of a vehicle. Each damper is rigorously tested for quality that meets or exceeds OE standards. B6 Performance dampers will provide improved safety and handling performance with the added benefit of world-famous Bilstein quality.
|Boot Included
|Blue Straight
|Yellow Paint
|Internal Design
|Lower Mount Type
|B6 Performance
|Bilstein Shock Absorbers
|Upper Mount Type
*Some manufacturer restrictions apply.
For more than 50 years, BILSTEIN has been developing successful dampers used in motor racing. The dampers have already contributed to numerous title wins from Niki Lauda and Alain Prost in the Formula One, victories in the 24 h race on the Nürburgring or championship titles in the sports-car mastery. The BILSTEIN brand has been an integral part of the motor racing world.
Enhanced suspension products like shocks and springs play a critical role in creating a balanced high performance vehicle. Whether you want to attack the apex or mob the Moab, we have you covered with everything from coilover upgrades to high-rise lift kits. From faster cornering to more balanced stopping and acceleration, upgrading your stock suspension components will bring improvements you can feel for any street, track, or off-road build.
Based in California with 3 warehouses across the country, we're sending out shipments everyday of the week, even Saturdays. Because your next mod shouldn't have to wait.
The best modders use Wheelwell to build their dream rides.