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As school districts face continuing pressures to cut costs, custodial and maintenance work has come under increasing scrutiny. While some cost-cutting has been accomplished through genuine improvements in efficiency, there have been many short-sighted efforts to save money - approaches to cost-cutting which are harmful to the school districts' physical plants, to students' education, and to the employees involved. According to American School and University Magazine's 27th annual Maintenance and Operations cost study, "...decades of deferred maintenance, insufficient building upkeep procedures, and years of siphoning dollars from maintenance budgets have significantly contributed to the current condition of our nation's schools."
Team cleaning is a method in which specialists are trained for specific parts of the cleaning process - restroom cleaning, vacuuming, etc. School districts around the country have been turning to team cleaning in an attempt to cut custodial costs. But team cleaning is a technique that was developed for use in empty office buildings. A article in Cleaning and Maintenance Magazine (October 1997) points out that team cleaning is less effective in other kinds of settings, like schools.
The basic problem is that schools are very different than office buildings, and the responsibilities of school custodians are very different than those of office cleaners. Privatizing Public Schools - A Closer Look, a recent report issued by the Michigan Education Association, found that if the Lansing, Michigan high school custodians performed the entire set of duties of a group of contract cleaners in the Lansing Sears store, they would only be doing 41.7% of their jobs!
The bottom line - take a very hard look at team cleaning in school settings. Often it is merely a way of disguising a speed-up that makes it hard for custodians to perform the full variety of duties that are needed to maintain a quality learning environment in schools.
Some school districts encourage the idea that there is a national square footage standard which applies to school custodians - a standard amount of floor space that a custodian should be responsible for on an 8-hour shift. Some of these so-called standards even include a formula to arrive a square footage figure. But most square footage guidelines come from the duties involved in cleaning commercial office spaces, which are very different that those of a school custodian.
In fact, there is no national square footage standard for school custodians. Not only is there a tremendous difference between schools and commercial cleaning, but there are great variations in conditions and duties from one school to another. Any standard which tried to take this into account would involve so many variables that it would probably be unworkable.
Some school districts try to save money by replacing full-time custodial positions with part-time jobs that offer reduced or no fringe benefits. Districts can certainly save money in the short term by not paying for health insurance and other benefits. But in the long term, this practice hurts more than the custodians involved. Part-time employees are more likely to be newer employees. They are less likely to know the students and staff they work with, and have less of a commitment to the schools they work in.
Custodial and maintenance employees are among the likeliest targets for privatization in school districts. We believe that privatization, including the privatization of school support jobs, is a threat to public education because privatization undermines the school-community link. There is less, not more, accountability to the residents of the school district and their elected representatives. If that work is being done by private contractors there is less, not more, oversight. We feel that privatization is a serious enough threat to public education to merit its own section in this website. For more information see the Privatization section of this website.
Public school employees fall under the provisions of the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), but many school districts do not fully understand or comply with FLSA requirements. For instance, in general the FLSA requires public school employers to pay at least one and one-half times the employees' regular rates of pay for all hours worked over 40 in the workweek. (Under certain conditions, they may receive compensatory time off at a rate of not less than one and one-half hours for each overtime hour worked, instead of cash overtime pay, and may accumulate up to 240 hours of compensatory time.) The law can be complicated, but general guidance is available on the Web. (Specific questions should be referred to Association staff, or to the nearest U.S. Dept. of Labor Wage and Hour Division office.) For more information go to the U.S. Department of Labor's FLSA Advisor.
School districts sometimes switch custodians' shifts and work schedules, even in mid-week, to avoid having to pay overtime. Constantly changing schedules are both a great personal inconvenience and a health hazard, and this issue should be addressed through bargaining.


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It was another banner year for local teams, and coaches and players at the professional and college levels. Cramerton�s Perry Fewell and Gastonia�s Leonard Hamilton started the year with Super Bowl and ACC championships, respectively. East Lincoln capped the year on the local scene with its first football state championship.
1) Perry Fewell wins Super Bowl with Giants
Cramerton native and South Point graduate Perry Fewell became the first player or coach from Gaston County to win a Super Bowl when the N.Y. Giants defeated New England, 21-17, on Feb. 5 in Indianapolis. Fewell�s aggressive defensive scheme was a key component to the Giants� late-season hot streak and playoff run.
2) Leonard Hamilton guides Seminoles to ACC crown
Gastonia�s Leonard Hamilton collected his first Atlantic Coast Conference tournament championship as the Seminoles ran the table in Atlanta in early March. The Highland High School grad picked up ACC coach of the year honors for the second time � becoming the first coach to earn the award in both the ACC and Big East (Miami, 1999-00).
3) East Lincoln wins state title
Led by a high-powered offense, East Lincoln posted an undefeated season, capped by winning its first state title on Dec. 14 in Winston-Salem. The Mustangs finished 16-0 and knocked off Tarboro 24-20 in an intense 2A championship game. East Lincoln quarterback Garrett Young and head coach Mike Byus collected numerous honors, including The Gazette�s offensive player and coach of the year. Byus was also voted AP coach of the year.
4) Rams make a run
Behind the strong play of 2011-12 Gazette player of the year, Jevon Patton, and coaching of Butch Blalock, the Highland Tech boys basketball team won a school-record 21 games and eliminated two previously undefeated teams in the playoffs to reach the regional final for the first time in school history.
5) Gaston County squads meet for Area IV title
Though Cherryville won its record sixth straight Area IV title, and would go on to become state runner-up, the biggest news was Cherryville�s path. After surviving Shelby in the Area IV semifinals, Post 100 advanced to the championship series against the Gaston Braves for the first All-Gaston County Area IV final since 1989. And the Braves, who had never advanced to the area finals in their history, pushed Cherryville to a seventh game in the area championship series before losing.
6) Football records fall in Gaston
South Point junior fullback Tyler Bray rushed for county-record 381 yards in a second-round playoff win against Crest. He also scored five touchdowns that night. Bray also broke the Gaston County single-season rushing record with 2,556 yards. ... Ashbrook junior QB Tre Brice shattered the single-game county passing record with 521 yards and four touchdowns in a 40-36 win over Forestview.
7) Lady Crusaders make school history
The Crusaders volleyball program had never won more than 18 matches, but this fall, Belmont Abbey went 26-5, captured a share of the league�s regular-season title, then won at rival Queens to win their first Conference Carolinas championship to reach the Division II regionals. Mary DeJute was coach of the year and sisters Kay, Lydia and Hannah Schellenberg were all-conference, with Kay taking player of the year. Angela Jubb and Caitlin Hankins were also all-conference.
Honorable mentions
State individual championships in wrestling (East Gaston�s John Grigg, Ashbrook�s Chase Warren and North Gaston�s James Passmore) and track (North Gaston�s Jackie Reid and Cherryville�s Trent Friday); Gastonia Grizzlies break own attendance record again; Belmont Abbey baseball took a regular-season title in the spring, the women�s soccer team won its league championship and a regional playoff game and Adam Hedges was named the school�s first-ever first-team All-America in men�s golf.
Gaston-Lincoln state finalists � major sports
2012 Champs: East Lincoln football
2011 Champs: Hunter Huss boys basketball; South Point baseball; Runners-up: Lincolnton football
2010 Champs: Forestview girls basketball
2009 Champs: South Point football; Runners-up: Forestview girls and boys basketball
2008 Champs: Cherryville basebal; Runners-up: East Lincoln football
2007 Champs: Lincolnton football; Runners-up: North Gaston football
2006 Champs: none
2005 Champs: none; Runners-up: Lincolnton football
2004 Champs: none
2003 Champs: Ashbrook baseball; South Point football
2002 Champs: Ashbrook football
2001 Champs: Cherryville baseball
One we missed
The Forestview boys golf team�s accomplishments should have been included in the list of top Gazette sports stories for 2012. In May at Foxfire Village near Pinehurst, the Jaguars won their first state golf title in school history, capping a dominant season in the Big South 3A. Will Long (second), Alex Taylor (fourth) and Will Blalock (eighth) all put up top-10 finishes at the state meet. That trio, along with Harrison Frye, will all be back in the spring and should put the Jaguars back in contention for another state crown.

subset: commoncrawl


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Build the perfect high school quarterback.
Start with a 6-foot-4 frame and sculpt muscles up to 206 pounds. Stitch to the shoulder a cannon of a right arm capable of firing 65-yard bombs. Set it on a foundation of fleet feet honed on the baselines of a tennis court in the Southern California sun. Top it off with a mind sharp enough to shred almost any opposing defense.
Then unveil Josh Rosen.
Photos: Josh Rosen, nation's top-ranked high school quarterback
Rosen has the size that makes him a prototypical quarterback, and he has the arm strength to sling the ball with the best of them. But most importantly, the St. John Bosco senior has the mind to match his athleticism.
"When you can blend both of them," Rosen said, "you can get greatness."
Read the next part in the series: Quarterback Josh Rosen: Athleticism powers St. John Bosco football's offense
So far in his short football career, that's what he's become. Rosen is great on the field hitting his receivers in stride for effortless touchdowns, and he is great in the film room breaking down plays with ease and confidence. The combination of brain and brawn has made him the No. 1 high school quarterback in the country, according to Rivals.com and ESPN. He plans to graduate early from Bosco to enroll at UCLA in time for spring football. When he looks over the field or breaks down plays in the film room he sees a complete picture at a level of sophistication coaches have rarely seen at the high school level.
"I played against Carson Palmer when I was in high school," Bosco offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach Chad Johnson said. "I coached against Mark Sanchez at Mission Viejo when we were at Trabuco and obviously coached against Matt Barkley.
"I would say Josh Rosen is every bit as good."
More on Josh Rosen: Athleticism powers St. John Bosco football's offense | Football IQ sets St. John Bosco star apart


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What do you get when you pull together a bunch of decent actors, some expensive CGI and a massive budget?
Well, sadly not a particularly good movie in this case.
Directors and writers the Wachowskis are known for The Matrix series and more recently Cloud Atlas.
While all these films had an element of over complication, I still enjoyed them.
But while the essential plot of Jupiter Ascending isn't that difficult to fathom, it's almost buried beneath layers of story and characters that muddy the waters.
What we have is plenty of action and amazing special effects but very little substance.
Mila Kunis plays Jupiter Jones who spends her time cleaning (mostly toilets it seems) along with her family.
But it appears she has a destiny that she knows nothing about - to inherit the Earth.
However, the family Abrasax (two brothers and a sister) who rule much of the galaxy and swan around in fancy spacecraft or live in amazing cities on other planets want the Earth and are keen to dispose of Jupiter or get her to sign it away.
Enter her saviour Caine, a genetically engineered warrior, played by Channing Tatum.
And that's really the whole story.
However, there are so many different people working for the Abrasax siblings, all plotting and conniving, that I was confused who was doing what to whom.
I could have ignored this but the movie includes just about every plot cliche you can think of.
There's no real feeling of dread or threat to Jupiter or Caine because you just know that good is going to prevail over evil.
Mila Kunis is a good actor but this role barely stretches her.
Eddie Redmayne as the big bad Balem Abrasax puts on this strange forced voice in an attempt to make himself as evil as possible. It doesn't really work, though give him credit for trying something different.
Among the rest, Sean Bean is a former 'colleague' of Caine but the two have a strange way of saying hello - with their fists.
To be honest the whole film made me think of the 1984 film Dune - I struggled to follow that as well and in both it feels like a can of testosterone has been opened on the set by mistake.
Film details: Jupiter Ascending (12A) 127mins
Directors: The Wachowskis
Starring: Mila Kunis, Channing Tatum, Sean Bean, Eddie Redmayne


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Shop at home, stop pumping your tax dollars into other Counties.....
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LOL LOL LOL LOL!!!! new shipment of comic books or the syfy channel? LOL LOL LOL LOL LOLno one knows the day or time when Jesus will return to earth and set up God's kingdom, except God. But Jesus and the prophets gave us signs. current world events would suggest those signs are occurring and the end time prophecies are being fulfilled.your choice to believe or not.
nope. read revelations. the signs are specific to end time events, unlike events long past.
every single one ? prove it.
you said"Every generation from Jesus till now has thought they were in the end times". who from every generation said prophesy(prophecy). Prove your statement!the balls(ball is) in your court!
lame excuse for not providing proofs for your statements. what is important to realize with the current events is the intensity and frequency of natural disasters, famine, pestilence, wars, etc....
global warming is a hoax. Nope try again, Global warming is happening. famine is not a problem man? check africa, the middle east Economic faults are not equal to lack of food, Try again. pestilence? ebola is getting worse, mersa? Try again, While ebola is bad it is no where near as bad as 200 years ago. war? the middle east isn't the only war going on No and your point. A depleted military and a weak america not willing to make international treaties. you are right; "Once you believe with all your heart the propaganda, it is easy to stay ignorant." !
ebola is spreading, the entrovirus is spreading. our borders are porous. isis terrorists have been captured trying to get across the border. it isn't a matter of if, but when the next terrorist attack is carried out on US soil. the economy is getting weaker, stock market drops a bunch again. but the great news; the day that Jesus sets up God's kingdom on earth is getting closer.
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The Sorghum Checkoff announces the release of three online sorghum profitability calculators that allow sorghum growers to determine the value sorghum can offer their operations.
The three calculators give sorghum farmers the ability to determine potential return on investment with sorghum, identify their market expansion opportunities, and compare the value of additional marketplaces.
"These interactive models allow growers to input their own information to find out what sorghum can do to improve their bottom line," said Florentino Lopez, Sorghum Checkoff marketing director. "Many growers can benefit by knowing the potential they have with sorghum, or how much more they can capitalize by doing a little investigating on markets in their area. These online calculators can help growers get a clearer picture of their sorghum market opportunities."
The sorghum profitability calculators are also available on DVD and can be mailed upon request. To download the calculators online, visit www.sorghumcheckoff.com and use the 'Sorghum Production' tab to access the sorghum profitability calculators. Request a DVD by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com or call (877) 643-8727.


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GALAPAGOS ISLANDS � Coming soon to a computer screen near you: the blue-footed booby, the giant tortoise and the flightless cormorant.
Writing "The Voyage of the Beagle," Charles Darwin described this remote archipelago as "a little world within itself," and that remains true. Now, as in Darwin's time, the Galapagos feature species known nowhere else in the world. Now, as in Darwin's time, species such as Darwin's famous finches differ from island to island, living testament to the power of evolution.
"Considering the small size of these islands, we feel the more astonished at the number of their aboriginal beings and at their confined range," Darwin wrote. "... Both in space and time, we seem to be brought somewhat near to that great fact � that mystery of mysteries � the first appearance of new beings on this earth."
But in Darwin's time, the ordinary person could only dream of witnessing such wonders or study them through Darwin's careful drawings; it took five years, from 1831 to 1836, for the Beagle to make its round-the-world voyage.
Now the islands are vastly more accessible, albeit several long flights away. And Google � hence the computer screen near you � is preparing to launch a Google Street View version of the Galapagos, working with the Charles Darwin Foundation, the Galapagos National Parks Directorate and the Catlin Seaview Survey. The same technology that lets you zoom in on your home address will let you watch the sea turtles swimming languidly through blue-green water, the prehistoric-looking iguanas sunning themselves on volcanic rocks, the petite Galapagos penguins toddling toward the water.
To visit the Galapagos is simultaneously to marvel at the progress of technology and to celebrate its absence. It is to know that the islands are more visited than ever yet remain tantalizingly, gratifyingly remote.
Darwin, I think, would have loved the notion of his islands on Google Street View. He was not simply an explorer and collector but an eager sharer of his discoveries. He would have appreciated the images' potential as a scientific tool from which to monitor change � change both of the inevitable, evolutionary sort and change, as scientists warn, of a man-made type, as global warming affects the ocean currents surrounding the archipelago.
But Darwin would also have insisted, correctly, that there is an unbridgeable difference between watching from afar and seeing directly.
On one island, we watched sea lion pups nursing � until an aggravated mother opened her mouth and barked a grumble when she had had enough. In our dinghy, we drew close enough to see the subtle color differences among the blue-footed boobies, from robin's-egg blue to paler aquamarine.
This morning, I heard the low hiss of a giant tortoise as it retracted its head when I ventured too close; this afternoon, I read Darwin's account of a similar encounter. You can't get that experience from Google.
Speaking of which, one of the most distinctive features of our shipboard life in the Galapagos was the near-complete absence of technology. The grown-ups couldn't compulsively check their email. The teenagers couldn't constantly text their friends.
We had our moments when we wanted � we needed � to look things up, and on this score, I think, the grown-ups suffered more technology withdrawal than the kids. My husband, who couldn't take it anymore, paid $20 for seven precious minutes of Internet time to learn who had won the NBA championship. On Monday, when the Supreme Court (as I eventually discovered) handed down the affirmative action ruling, I found myself staring forlornly at the "no service" message on my iPhone, willing it to show some bars of coverage.
But the unavailability of our customary technological distractions served, I believe, to enhance the trip. At night, unable to retreat behind the daily paper (adults) or update iguana photos to our Facebook accounts (teenagers), we would stand by the ship's railing, watching as fish skidded along the ocean's surface, desperately trying to outrun the chasing sea lions.
And, to the rocking motion of the ship, we read, including this, from Darwin: "It is the fate of most voyagers, no sooner to discover what is most interesting in any locality, than they are hurried from it."
True in Darwin's time, truer in ours.


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Pancreatic cancer patients who are obese may be 12 times more likely to have cancer that's already spread to their lymph nodes at the time of surgery than similar cancer patients who weigh less, according to a study released Monday in the Archives of Surgery.
In the study, 95 percent of patients with a BMI over 35 had a recurrence compared with 61 percent of other patients.
"What we are seeing suggests there is a difference in the way the cancer grows in obese patients versus those who are not," says study author Jason B. Fleming, M.D., of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. "That is an area, from a biology standpoint, that has not really been explored."
Overall, pancreatic cancer patients with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 (223 pounds or more for someone who's 5'6") were nearly twice as likely to have cancer recur or to die after surgery, as those who weighed less. Health.com: Are you afraid to go to the doctor because you're fat?
Obese patients tended to have slightly larger tumors and were less likely to get chemotherapy or radiation before surgery than other patients. However, the survival rate did not seem to be due to the delivery of cancer care or surgical complications related to excess weight, says Fleming. "People often wonder if obese patients have a worse outcome because they are more inherently at risk for complications, and we did not find that," he says. Health.com: How to achieve your feel-great weight
Fleming says gastrointestinal hormones, insulin levels, and the physiology of lymphatic flow in obese patients may contribute to the spread of the tumor cells. "There is evidence that certain hormones, or growth factors such as insulin, act to stimulate cancer cell growth," he says. "What I am suggesting is that it's not just the tumor that is different, it's the environment the tumor grows in."
In the study, Fleming and colleagues monitored 285 cancer patients who had surgery to remove some or all of the pancreas. They specifically looked at a subset of 20 patients with a body mass index over 35. Health.com: What you should eat to shed pounds
The patients with a BMI greater than 35 survived a median of 13.2 months compared with 27.4 months in patients with a BMI less than 23 (136 pounds or less, for someone who's 5'6"). At the last follow-up, 75 percent of the obese patients had died, compared with 52 percent of patients with a BMI less than 35. Ninety-five percent of patients with a BMI greater than 35 had a cancer recurrence compared with 61 percent of all other patients.
People who are obese are at greater risk of getting pancreatic cancer in the first place, according to Fleming. Other risk factors include smoking, long-term diabetes, hereditary disorders, and chronic pancreatitis. The pancreas is an organ located near the stomach; it releases enzymes to help digest food and produces insulin to control blood sugar.
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women, according to the National Cancer Institute. Even if the cancer is caught early, the prognosis is usually poor because the cancer spreads rapidly, and symptoms (jaundice, depression, weight loss, and upper abdominal pain) may not surface until the advanced stage.
Obesity is associated with worse outcomes in other types of tumors too, including breast cancer, according to Fleming. "This isn't the first time that connection has been made," he says. Health.com: Fiber, starch, fats, and serving sizes: Eat right advice for your diet
Tae-Hwa Chun, M.D., an assistant professor at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, says "there is good evidence" that obesity increases the risk for certain types of cancer such as postmenopausal breast cancer, and cancers of the colon, endometrium (the lining of the uterus), kidney, and esophagus.
About two-thirds of U.S. adults are considered overweight, and one-third are considered obese, which is a BMI of 30 or higher, according to the Weight-Control Information Network, a service provided by the National Institutes of Health. Simple lifestyle changes, such as daily physical activity, will help spur weight loss and may help ward off some cancers, according to Chun.
Not all pancreatic cancer patients are obese or overweight. Recently, Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg had surgery for pancreatic cancer. Last year, actor Patrick Swayze was found to have stage 4 pancreatic cancer, which he attributes to smoking. Swayze has been reportedly undergoing chemotherapy. Other procedures, including surgery and radiation, can be used to treat the disease.
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Copyright Health Magazine 2009
All About Obesity • Pancreatic Cancer • Ruth Bader Ginsburg • Patrick Swayze


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The Fleet
- What is the difference between officers and ratings?
- Can women join the Royal Navy?
- Is there an ethnic/equal opportunities policy for the Royal Navy?
- I don't know if the Royal Navy is the career for me, can I try it out before I commit myself?
- What is the Royal Naval reserve?
- Are there age limits for recruits?
- How long do I have to join for?
- Would a criminal record stop me from joining?
- Can I change jobs (branches) once I join the Royal Navy as a rating or officer?
- How many do you recruit each year?
- Would physical injuries (e.g. sporting injuries) prevent me from joining the Royal Navy?
- Does the Royal Navy offer work experience?
- Will the royal navy help me pay my way through college/university?
- Are there any apprenticeships available?
- What is the training like?
- How long will my training take?
- What is the purpose of the initial careers office interview?
- So, is it a job interview?
- Should I prepare for this initial interview?
- What documents should I bring to the interview?
- What is the next step after the initial interview?
- Once in the Royal Navy can I get any qualifications that may help me after my service?
- I am married/have a partner... will you give me/help me with accommodation for him/her?
- Can I join and work locally?
- I am underage... can you put me on a waiting list to join the Royal Navy or Royal Marines?
- Where can I get details of pay and conditions without committing myself?
- Can I join with my... brother, sister, friend, husband/wife/partner and serve together?
- I am foreign... can I join?
- I am disabled... can I join?
- If I change my mind, how quickly can I leave?
- Is there a package of benefits that comes with joining the Royal Navy?
- How long will it take to command my own ship?
- How easy is it to start a second career after you leave?
Q. What is the difference between officers and ratings?
Ratings form the majority of the workforce and fit into a hierarchy based on experience and supervisory capability. Officers make up the management team, providing leadership and specialist knowledge.
There are different entry requirements for ratings and officers, and details can be found on the relevant job pages.
Q. Can women join the Royal Navy?
Women can join the Royal Navy and serve in all branches with the exception of the Mine Clearance Diver Branch, as a member of the Submarine Service or as a Royal Marines Commando. These exclusions are for medical reasons. Discrimination on the grounds of gender is not tolerated in the Royal Navy.
Q. Is there an ethnic/equal opportunities policy for the Royal Navy?
The Naval Service is fully committed to the application of equality of opportunity for all its employees within the framework of the law, irrespective of gender, race, ethnic origin, religion, sexual orientation or social background. All serving personnel have equality of opportunity for employment and advancement based upon ability. The Naval Service makes every effort to accommodate religious and cultural requirements including dietary needs within constraints imposed by operations, health and safety and duty of care.
Q: I don't know if the Royal Navy is the career for me, can I try it out before I commit myself?
Yes, the Royal Navy run a 4 day Acquaint Course every week at the Royal Naval Acquaint Centre in HMS Caledonia, Scotland, for those who have passed the selection tests for entry . This will give you a taster of what life will be like during initial training and beyond when you join your first ship or submarine. It's also an opportunity for you to ask any questions you may have about the Royal Navy in a naval environment, and to be briefed in detail on your chosen branch. Attendance is free and your travel costs are paid for. See a Royal Navy Career Advisor for more details. Acquaint courses are also sometimes available for potential officer candidates, please ask your careers liaison officer for details.
Q. What is the Royal Naval reserve?
The RNR is a part time organisation, which complements the Royal Navy in times of war, conflict and in peacetime where there is a requirement by the regular service. Entry into the RNR is the same as for the regular service.
Q. Are there age limits for recruits?
The age limits for each branch are quoted on the relevant job page. Rating/ Other Rank recruits must be within this age limit on the day of entry to HMS Raleigh/ CTC RM Lympstone, including the following birthday. For example, recruits can join most branches between the ages of 16 and 36, including the 37th birthday. Officer entrants must be within the quoted age limit on the first day of the month of entry to Britannia Royal Naval College/ CTC RM Lympstone. The latest entry for the RNR is generally before your 40th birthday although ex-RN applications will be considered up to the age of 45.
n.b. The Armed Forces (with the exception of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary) have a complete exemption, in terms of maintaining operational (combat) effectiveness, from the provisions of the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006.
Q. How long do I have to join for?
All Royal Navy/ Royal Marines Ratings and Other Ranks join on a Full Career, which is for 18 years or to age 40, whichever is later. There may be opportunities to extend service beyond the Full Career, depending on the needs of the Service and your wishes. If you want to leave the Royal Navy, you can submit 12 months' notice two and a half years after the end of your initial professional training. The exact length of this training period depends on the particular job you do and the level of training it requires.
Officers join on an initial commission of 12 years, but you are able to leave either during training or when training is completed. A return of service of between three and five years is required dependant on branch (see individual job profiles).
Q. Would a criminal record stop me from joining?
Not necessarily. With reference to the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974 local Careers Office staff will advise individual applicants regarding spent and unspent convictions. The severity of the offence committed governs the time of the rehabilitation period, which has to be completed before an applicant can be processed for entry into the service.
Q. Can I change jobs (branches) once I join the Royal Navy as a rating or officer?
No, you are processed for the branch that you applied for.
An Officer will also be processed only for the branch of application unless there are shortage (mainly engineering and warfare) categories which may be offered as an alternative if the branch of choice is oversubscribed. There are very few opportunities to transfer once in the Royal Navy and no one should join with that expectation.
Q. How many do you recruit each year?
It varies. Around 500 Officers and 4,500 Ratings.
Q. Would physical injuries (e.g. sporting injuries) prevent me from joining the Royal Navy?
It depends on the scope of the injury; injuries that prevent or reduce mobility, depending on severity, may bar you from entry. Ask staff at your local Careers Office for advice. All entrants have to pass a medical examination to join.
Q. Does the Royal Navy offer work experience?
No, but we do participate in the Trident work experience programme.
Q. Will the royal navy help me pay my way through college/university?
Sponsorship is available for those taking A-Levels and university courses and who wish to join the Royal Navy when they finish. Candidates have to apply and complete the selection process to be awarded a sponsorship. There are more sponsorships available for potential engineering officers than other branches. See our sponsorship pages for more information.
Q. Are there any apprenticeships available?
Yes, the vast majority of ratings will have the opportunity to do an Apprenticeship programme. There are two levels, equivalent to either GCSE or AS/A level, and they allow you to gain qualifications while being paid.
Q. What is the training like?
Hard at times, challenging and rewarding. Everyone has their strengths and weaknesses which can affect their progress, but most people develop and learn a lot about themselves during training. Friendships are also formed that can last a lifetime.
Q. How long will my training take?
It varies, depending on the job you are going to do. For a Rating, initial training takes eight weeks, and professional training can take between five weeks to four years. Training for Officers varies according to specialisation. For example, it takes two to three years to train as a Warfare Officer but up to six years for a nuclear engineer.
Q: What is the purpose of the initial careers office interview?
It provides you with a chance to find out more details about careers in the Royal Navy, including the Royal Marines. It also allows you the opportunity to tell us some more about yourself so that we are better able to help you to match your interests and abilities to particular employment areas.
Q: So, is it a job interview?
No, it is not a formal selection interview. Applicants for a Commission in the Royal Navy are formally interviewed at the Admiralty Interview Board.
Q: Should I prepare for this initial interview?
You should take the opportunity to familiarise yourself as fully as possible with details contained in our careers literature and the Royal Navy Internet site. If you subsequently have any questions, you will be able to ask the Liaison Officer at the interview.
Q: What documents should I bring to the interview?
You should bring with you your passport, NI Card and NHS Card as well as your original Birth Certificate and original Educational Certificates. You do not need to bring your written references or your personal statement.
Q: What is the next step after the initial interview?
Your eligibility, career options and the further selection process will be discussed fully during the interview.
Q. Once in the Royal Navy can I get any qualifications that may help me after my service?
Yes. Most of the Royal Navy's training courses attract the award of civilian recognised qualifications. The Royal Navysupports lifelong learning and issues everyone with a Learning Achievement Portfolio. Grants and support are also available to help pay for external courses, which can be for anything up to degree level.
Q. I am married/have a partner... will you give me/help me with accommodation for him/her?
Married quarters are available after you have completed basic training, but only for married couples.
Q. Can I join and work locally?
No. You have to be prepared to serve anywhere in the world.
Q. I am underage... can you put me on a waiting list to join the Royal Navy or Royal Marines?
Yes, we will do this for you; however, we cannot process your application until you are at least 15 years 9 months when you must make a formal application. Why don't you talk to your parents/guardians and visit your local Careers Office? They would be pleased to see you and give you information about life and job opportunities in the service.
Q. Where can I get details of pay and conditions without committing myself?
There's lots of information on this website and you can always talk to your local Careers Office.
Q. Can I join with my... brother, sister, friend, husband/wife/partner and serve together?
Yes, by all means you can join together, but as a general rule personnel will not be employed in the same ship or unit as a spouse or near relative. We will try, wherever possible, to employ a husband or wife in nearby shore units, but this cannot be guaranteed.
Q. I am foreign... can I join?
To be eligible to be processed, at the time of application, a candidate must be a British citizen, or a citizen of a Commonwealth country, or a citizen of the Irish Republic. Also certain career paths are only available to British citizens. Asylum seekers are not eligible for entry into the Naval Service.
Q. I am disabled... can I join?
The Armed Forces require anyone who joins to be medically fit to serve worldwide. New entrants to the Armed Forces undergo intensive training, which is physically demanding and mentally taxing. New entrants must be of a robust constitution and free from disease or pre-existing injury to meet this challenge. If you decide to apply and your application is accepted, you will be required to pass a full medical examination. Your application will be rejected if you fail to meet the minimum acceptable medical standard for entry.
Q. If I change my mind, how quickly can I leave?
Normally not during the first four weeks but then at anytime up to the first six months after giving 14 days' notice. After six months you will be required to serve a minimum of 3½ years from the end of initial training or the age of 18, whichever is the later, though this can vary from branch to branch.
Q. Is there a package of benefits that comes with joining the Royal Navy?
The Royal Navy has a package of benefits that is rarely equalled today. This includes a good pension, low cost accommodation, free medical and dental cover and a range of travel expenses entitlements. Sports facilities are also available on most ships and all shore establishments, and are free to use. Extra money and time away from your place of work is sometimes available for sport and adventure training as well as education and development courses.
Q. How long will it take to command my own ship?
It depends on your specialisation, ability and learning ability. Minor war vessels can be commanded by Lieutenants. You could achieve this within six years of joining as an Officer. Commanding Officers of frigates and destroyers are Commanders and Captains. Some are in their mid-30s.
Q. How easy is it to start a second career after you leave?
Your Naval career will have stood you in very good stead for civilian employment. Business and Industry recognise the high level of training, responsibility and management skills of service personnel


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Win Tickets to Anders Osborne at Brooklyn Bowl NY on DEC 8 + 9
Anders Osborne returns to Brooklyn Bowl for his annual December run this weekend! Special guest Jackie Greene will join him with Mail the Horse on Friday, December 8 and Jamie McLean Band on Saturday, December 9 and we're giving fans the chance to win a pair of tickets! Simply enter enter below for your chance to win and rock out with NOLA's very own Anders Osborne!
One winner will be chosen for each night. Winners will be picked on Thursday, December 7 by 4PM.
Must be 21+ to enter. Winners will be chosen by 4PM EDT on Thursday, December 7. The winner will be selected in a random drawing from all eligible participants conducted on Brooklyn Bowl's behalf through the servers at Random.org. No purchase necessary.
Tuesday, May 14th
10 Amazing Moments from Englishtown '77 with The Grateful Dead
On Labor Day Weekend 42 years ago, The Grateful Dead embarked on their most epic show to date, drawing a crowd of over 102K to Raceway Park in Englishtown, New...
Monday, Apr 22nd
10 Ways to Be More Sustainable in NYC
In honor of Earth Day 2019, we've put together a list of 10 ways you can be more sustainable in our amazing city of New York. As the first L.E.E.D....
Thursday, Apr 18th
The 10 Grateful Dead References in Game of Thrones You Probably Never Noticed
It is no secret that George R.R. Martin is a huge fan of the Grateful Dead. Not only has he been spotted in Mexico during Dead & Company's Playing in...
Thursday, Mar 28th
ONE NIGHT ONLY! Pop-Up Photo Exhibit ft. 70+ Concert Pics at Brooklyn Bowl Las Vegas
Brooklyn Bowl Las Vegas proudly invites you to our Silent Haus Party happening tomorrow, March 28 at 7pm in the upstairs Roxy Room. This ONE NIGHT ONLY pop-up photo exhibit is an event to raise...
Friday, Mar 22nd
RECAP! Brooklyn Bowl Family Reunion 2019 Presented by Harley-Davidson at SXSW
It's a special thing when you can find the same vibe of Brooklyn Bowl outside of our venue walls. At this year's Brooklyn Bowl Family Reunion presented by Harley-Davidson, on...
Tuesday, Mar 19th
Contest! Win Relix In Studio Session Viewing with Matador! Soul Sounds + Tickets
We've teamed up with Pacifico Beer to give one lucky fan the chance to experience Matador! Soul Sounds for an intimate in-studio session viewing at Relix Magazine's headquarters in New...
Wednesday, Mar 6th
Celebrate 5 Years Of Brooklyn Bowl Las Vegas All Month Long This March!
(click calendar to expand) In March 2014, Brooklyn Bowl Las Vegas opened its doors with one mission in mind; to deliver the best concert experiences possible to the people...
Tuesday, Mar 5th
12 Famous Songs that You Never Knew Featured Tower of Power
There's a reason why Tower of Power remain as one of the most legendary outfits under the soul genre. With over 50 years under their belt, these pioneers have been...
Friday, Feb 22nd
Interview with the Grammy-Nominated New Orleans band Cha Wa
Visit New Orleans during Mardi Gras and you're bound to run into the lively funk and elaborate costumes of the Mardi Gras Indians, but insiders know that at the helm...
Monday, Feb 4th
John Perry Barlow's "Principles of Adult Behaviour" Will Always Inspire Us to Be Better
This Thursday, February 7, we honor the life and legacy of John Perry Barlow on the year mark of his passing. Barlow was more than just Grateful Dead lyricist, he...
Thursday, Dec 20th
Brooklyn Bowl Staff Top 5 Albums of 2018
To celebrate the end of such an exciting year in music, we tallied our staff's top albums of 2018 in the hopes of developing a solid list of the venue's...
Thursday, Nov 8th
Interview with Iconic Concert Photographer, Marc Millman
Marc Millman has been covering shows at Brooklyn Bowl since we opened our doors in 2009. On Tuesday, November 13, we're honored to host him for his 50th Birthday celebration...


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Take me to your leader! MPs to quiz robot
Posted 11th October 2018 12:11pm by plp
A robot called Pepper is to take MPs' questions about artificial intelligence.
Source: BBC Education Take me to your leader! MPs to quiz robot
Home » News » Take me to your leader! MPs to quiz robot
Posted 11th October 2018 12:11pm by plp
A robot called Pepper is to take MPs' questions about artificial intelligence.
Source: BBC Education Take me to your leader! MPs to quiz robot
"I feel that this session has helped me to understand and hopefully better support children with attachment difficulties. It is an area that really interests me and when presented by someone with the knowledge and passion that Steve Russell obviously has, it made for a great morning."
"This was an excellent session."
"A really helpful opportunity to look at Y6 division in particular, assessing links between topics, looking at different test questions and time (which you can never have enough of!) to read useful articles. Mathematics in Year 6"
"There is no doubt that division is a challenge for many children. Using the ideas from the session will enable me to lead my staff in developing their teaching to maximise learning in this area. Thank you for your input - I'm looking forward to the next one! Mathematics in Year 6"
"The session was enjoyable and relevant to what I needed to do within my own practice currently. The resources given were of extremely high quality and the delivery of the training itself was great. As my school already uses POR as a scheme, this will further help my practice and help me to secure the strategies used. Power of Reading 2017-18"
"Any staff who have attended training delivered through PLP always evaluate it as Good or better. As a school, we subscribe to PLP as our main provider of CPD, as we know that we will get the most up to date information and high-quality resources – relevant and specific to our needs. "
""Four of our children recently attended a PLP Maths workshop at a neighbouring school to help boost collaboration and reasoning for some of our more able pupils. They returned with positive feedback and confidence." "
""Two of our teachers have accessed the NQT+1 course and have found it really beneficial in terms of networking with others. Our SENCO accessed the Anita Devi course and found this invaluable; she came straight back to school and used some of the training in the twilight session on individual learning pathways the very same day! Our Deputy is also finding the NPQSL course very insightful and has linked her project to our Ofsted target of developing subject leadership." "
""Two of our teachers went on PLP training from Chris Quigley. This has led to us adopting the Learning Lenses approach. This has really helped with supporting teachers on understanding how to improve their practice, and therefore how to improve learning." "
""The NQT courses have been incredibly valuable and informative. Not only have they offered me practical approaches to teaching and learning within the classroom, but have been a fantastic opportunity to meet with other NQTs who are going through similar experiences. I have implemented strategies and approaches from these welcoming courses, enabling me to progress in my own teaching and learning." "
""My Deputy Head recently attended a PLP session on how to create a Nurturing School (which is now to become a priority on our School Development Plan) and we have also worked with Potential Plus to support teachers and TAs who work with more able pupils." "
"PLP still organise the most convenient training available in the local area"
""High-quality events like those run by PLP are key. For example, they hosted an event with a leading Ofsted inspector so it was useful to hear things from the horse's mouth, so to speak. At the same we are developing our NQTs through PLP.""
""A round trip to Lincoln from Stamford can mean teachers are out for a whole day. Peterborough is much nearer and the PLP events we have done have been good quality and teachers have provided good feedback""
""We have used PLP to provide support for NQT, middle and senior leaders. The trainers are of a good quality and the impact on classroom practice is evident. Outcomes for children have improved significantly over the last two years.""
"CPD is very much a driver to support staff retention here. On the whole, our staff are young and it is important that we give them the opportunity to extend their knowledge and professional development, which they are happy to take up."
"I became a NQT in 2015 ... I began my CPD immediately, and did six sessions with Peterborough Learning Partnership including 'The Outstanding Lesson' and 'The Skilled Practitioner', together with some other sessions run by the local authority on literacy and numeracy. CPD has had a huge impact on my career so far. I am massively appreciative of the development I've had."
"CPD ... absolutely vital in terms of school improvement"
"We have really focused on, and invested in, CPD because we recognise it's a critical component of teacher retention and succession planning."
"We invest quite extensively in CPD because the main way to improve teaching standards is through improving the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom. The quality of staff and their subject expertise are major factors in their effectiveness; the designation of a school – whether you are an academy or not for example – is not a significant factor in my opinion"
"I've used Peterborough Learning Partnership (PLP) where they have organised courses from a whole school approach. The initiatives have always been a fresh way to manage roles within teaching, such as how to support the children who become 'stuck' in their learning."
"There is absolutely a correlation between our investment in CPD and the school's performance. We were 'requires improvement' two years only but are now 'good, with some outstanding features'. Investing in our staff and working alongside other schools as part of a wider federation of schools has had a huge impact."
"As a school, we achieved an 'outstanding' Ofsted rating in May 2015. If our staff had not undertaken CPD we would have had a much harder job to get there. It has therefore been a fundamental aspect of our path to get where we are today"
"CPD has definitely impacted on the quality of teaching and learning. When I arrived 22% was good or outstanding. Now we can say securely we are at least 72%."
"Peterborough Learning Partnership (PLP) initiatives have had a very large impact on me. Whether or not I've been able to attend the courses and events available to me, the very fact that there is a bank of ideas and knowledge available to all schools in one place is extremely useful. "
"...over the years, the wealth of opportunities afforded by PLP has given me a much bigger picture of the various aspects of the teaching profession. Alongside this, there are several links to other organisations on the PLP website that I've previously accessed which have developed my knowledge and understanding of the profession."
"PLP is able to access trainers and organisations on a national scale – that is their biggest value. They bring well-established names to the table as well as wider contacts, for example SENDCo and school improvement partners."
"We have accessed a variety of CPD opportunities through PLP, and the opportunities it brings to network with peers is extremely valuable. It's important we don't become too inward-looking in our approach and such networking really helps."
" PLP is an excellent local provider, and in our experience delivers good value for money on training given its reasonable costs. We have recently put staff through NQT mentoring and NPQML training and have been pleased on all fronts. "
"We have used PLP to provide support for NQT, middle and senior leaders. The trainers are of a good quality and the impact on classroom practice is evident. Outcomes for children have improved significantly over the last two years."
"A round trip to Lincoln from Stamford can mean teachers are out for a whole day. Peterborough is much nearer and the PLP events we have done have been good quality and teachers have provided good feedback"
"PLP get more exciting, up to date, speakers. I get bombarded with emails from training providers based in London or Manchester but I just delete them. When you have good courses here, as we do with PLP, why look elsewhere?"
"We have found PLP to be especially useful in supporting leadership development – if training fits the school development plan it tends to be funded"
"High-quality events like those run by PLP are key. For example, they hosted an event with a leading Ofsted inspector so it was useful to hear things from the horse's mouth, so to speak. At the same we are developing our NQTs through PLP."


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Consumers headed to the emergency room don't usually have time to compare prices to find the best deal for their medical care, but for those in non-emergency situations, it might be in their interest to shop around.
Continue Reading Below
A study recently released by researchers at the University of California San Francisco finds surgery costs can vary widely at different hospitals, even if they are just down the street or right around the corner from each other.
The researchers found that among 20,000 cases of routine appendicitis, at 289 hospitals and medical centers across the state of California, the price range was as low as $1,529 and as high as $183,000. The median hospital bill came in at $33,611. The patients were all adults, and were admitted for three days or less.
National Center for Policy Analysis senior fellow Devon Herrick says hospitals simply aren't competing based on price anymore, which is why the prices fluctuate so much.
"Eighty-eight percent of doctor and hospital bills are paid for today by third parties," Herrick says. "And even when a hospital tells you a price, it's not a real price. This is a negotiation point, or starting point for these plans."
He adds that no matter if it's the government or an insurance company picking up the tab, it's all about negotiation power when it comes to determining the price of a surgery.
"They are never paying list price," he says. "And if consumers offer cash, especially cash up front, they will be given a better price. So these prices are fictitious." What's more, he says health-care prices will increase across the board as premiums rise next year under the Affordable Care Act. "It's all of our problems."
If you are going into the hospital for a pre-planned procedure, here are some tips from Herrick to attempt to lower your costs.
No. 1: Find out if a visit to the hospital is actually necessary. If you can visit an outpatient center or ambulatory medical center instead, the price tag will significantly drop, according to Herrick.
"Hospitals are the worst places for these costs."
No. 2: Get the billing code ahead of time. This code will allow you to call other hospitals and doctors' offices to price the procedures.
"The Healthcare Blue Book is a good resource for this." Herrick says. "This can give you a good indication of what something will cost, but it's just a ballpark of the cost to come."
Also call before showing up, and offer to pay cash up front if you can—hospitals are more likely to offer a discount to all-cash payments.
No. 3: Talk to your doctor. Be honest with your doctor about your financial situation, he or she might be able to find a lower-cost alternative or make suggestions to reduce costs.
"If you can shave off a few thousand dollars but going to a hospital across town, or to a major city one state away, it's worth traveling for," Herrick says.
No. 4: Bid online. Herrick suggests tools like MediBid.com, which allow patients to enter their procedures online and have a network of doctors and hospitals put out potential bids on a request.
"More and more people, especially in employer plans have high deductibles," he says. "You can get bids for these potential procedures, and choose between doctors and hospitals."


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Topic: Most popular franchises
What do you think are the most popular franchises worldwide.
This is not your favorite, it is what you think are biggest and most popular.
I think they are
1. Star Wars(Its has many sites like this and has lasted as good as ever for 30 years and is sill the most popular franchise of our/all- time)
2. Harry Potter(It is HUGE in Britain and Austrailia, much more than in US)
3. Batman(the Dark Knight really kicked it off)
4. Halo


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Wasp Control in Kwazakhele
Here in Kwazakhele paper wasps can be a nuisance in warm weather or heavy winds. This aggravates them causing them to sting any unsuspecting passer by. Kwazakhele Pest Control can control your wasps with a single call, we will treat them in Kwazakhele regardless of the weather and ensure they do not return in the future.
We can place a insecticide repellent on the site were the hive site was killing any stragglers that may have been left behind during the treatment.
A bit about our common paper wasp:
Adults range from 1.8cm -2.5cm in length. They nest under eves of roofs and in trees in sheltered areas. These wasps are found in all areas of Kwazakhele and can deliver multiple stings that are very painful and can cause allergic reactions.
For all your Kwazakhele wasp control treatments call Kwazakhele Pest Control, all our staff are ready to take your calls 24 hours a day.


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ACUSON X150 Ultrasound System
Exceptional value – now and into the future.
Smart. Intuitive. Functional in any environment.
The ACUSON X150™ ultrasound system combines an intuitively simple, yet powerful, user interface with highly functional ergonomics. Ultra compact and mobile, the ACUSON X150 system allows you to:
- Take advantage of the large 15-inch, flat panel display mounted on an innovative articulating arm to optimize the position of the system and its folding monitor in virtually any environment
- Customize exam reports to match workflow
- Quickly store, recall and manage data with the DIMAQ-IP integrated workstation
- Seamlessly integrate the system into networked environments with a full complement of plug-and-play connectivity solutions
Additional features and technologies available for the ACUSON X150 system include:
• IPhase inversion Tissue Harmonic Imaging (THI) technology to enhance contrast and spatial resolution and reduce image noise for enhanced visualization across applications
• TGO™ tissue grayscale optimization technology automatically optimizes the image with the press of a single button, shortening exam times, reducing repetitive motion providing consistent optimized exams across patients, users and applications
• Color and Power Doppler provides superb detection and demonstration of blood flow across all examinations
• 3-Scape™ real-time 3D imaging provides a real-time reconstruction of 3D images during free hand acquisition
• Cardiac Screening enables phased array imaging capabilities for adult and pediatric cardiac screening
• DICOM OBGYN Structured Reporting provides standardized report architecture to allow for easy transfer of OB and GYN measurements to offline PCs, workstations and archiving systems
• DICOM 3.0 Connectivity enables digital data transfer via a DICOM network for both printing and storage. The ACUSON X150 system acts as a DICOM Storage Class User and DICOM Print Class User
• DICOM Modality Worklist* enables query and direct download of the patient worklist schedule from the Hospital/Radiology Information System (HIS/RIS) to the ACUSON X150 system, automatically populating the "New Patient" screen with patient demographic information
• DICOM Modality Performed Procedure Step (MPPS)** enables automatic exchange of "Modality Performed Procedure Step" information with the HIS/RIS
• Additional Array Port adds a third active array port to the ACUSON X150 system and allows the user to connect up to three linear, curved and phased array transducers simultaneously
* Requires DICOM 3.0 Connectivity option
**Requires DICOM 3.0 Connectivity option and DICOM Modality Worklist option


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Statement by Dr. Shirley Charter,
Commissioner of Social Security,
before the House Governmental Reform and Oversight Committee,
Subcommittee on Government Management
March 7, 1995
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee:
I am pleased to be here to discuss the integrity of the Social Security card as well as its role in the verification of employment eligibility. We look forward to working with you to address your concerns about the system.
The employment eligibility verification process is composed of two elements: verifying the identity of the job applicant and ensuring that the applicant has authority to work. SSA's role in the current work eligibility verification process is limited. A worker must present to an employer documents which establish either identity or authorization to work or both. Some documents serve as evidence of both elements, but most documents establish only one or the other. The Social Security card is in the latter category, indicating only whether the individual named on the card had authority to work when the card was issued.
For a variety of reasons which I will explain in my testimony, it is not feasible to use the current Social Security card for the purpose of establishing that the person in possession of the card is the person to whom it was issued. Perhaps no single document can guarantee identity.
History of the Social Security Card
Let me give you some background on the Social Security card. At the time the Social Security card was devised in the 1930's, its only purpose was to provide a record of the number that had been issued to the individual so that the employer could accurately report earnings for the individual. That is still the primary purpose for which SSA issues the card. It was never intended to serve as a personal identifier--that is, to establish that the person presenting it is actually the person whose name and Social Security number (SSN) appear on the card. Although we have made it counterfeit-resistant, it does not contain information that allows it to be used to establish identity.
Over time, however, the use of the SSN and Social Security card has greatly expanded, and the card is now used for purposes other than Social Security earnings record maintenance, including its use as evidence of authorization to work. Society's increasing use of computerized data has led to suggestions to use the SSN and the card as a personal identifier. The card itself, however, is still simply a paper record with a name and number on it.
Prior to 1971, all SSNs were issued based solely on information alleged by an individual. Because of the expanding use of the card for other purposes, there was concern about the integrity of the card. Beginning in 1971, certain categories of applicants were required to provide documentary evidence of age, identity, and alien status. This made it more-difficult to obtain a card on the basis of a false identity. However, the card was still no more than a reminder of the number assigned to the individual named on the card. Because of our concern that individuals who had been assigned SSNs for purposes other than work might use the card to obtain unauthorized employment, in July 1974, we began to annotate our records to reflect the fact that an alien had been issued a nonwork SSN. This allowed us to identify, and report to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), instances in which Social Security earnings were reported on nonwork SSNs.
Several years later, the integrity of the SSN process was further improved. Since May 15, 1978, all applicants have been required to provide documentary evidence of age, identity, and U.S. citizenship or alien status. Generally, to obtain an original Social Security card, an applicant must submit at least two forms of acceptable evidence, such as a birth certificate and driver's license. Aliens must submit appropriate INS documents to establish lawful status.
Any alien other than one admitted for permanent residence receives a card indicating whether he or she is authorized to work. To obtain an unrestricted Social Security card, they must provide an alien registration receipt card displaying a photograph . This document is issued to aliens by INS.
Applicants for an original SSN age 18 or over are required to have a personal interview. During the interview the applicant is asked for prior names and surnames and the reasons for never before needing an SSN. For those who allege having been born in the U.S., SSA performs additional verification prior to the issuance of an original SSN because most people born in the U.S. have been issued an SSN by the time they have reached age 18. For instance, SSA verifies the existence of a birth certificate at the State Bureau of Vital Statistics for all applicants for original cards who are over 18, and initiates a search for a death certificate when there is reason to believe the applicant may be assuming a false identity.
Enumeration At Birth Initiative
The "Enumeration at Birth" (EAB) program was established in 1989 as another means of improving the SSN process. It is a valuable tool in preventing fraudulent acquisition of an SSN. This program allows parents in the 49 participating States (plus New York City, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico ) to indicate on the birth certificate information form whether they want an SSN issued to their newborn child. States provide SSA with birth record information about newborns whose parents want a Social Security card for their child, and SSA then assigns an SSN and issues a card. Approximately one-half of match the encoded information on the magnetic stripe. on-line systems, linked to a central data base, would be needed to both confirm the name and number match and verify the identifying data the card contains. The magnetic stripe on a plastic card is the technology most in use today. GAO reported that magnetic stripe readers cost $100-$150, a considerable outlay for many employers who would have no other use for the equipment. Also, they concluded that the commercial availability of readers and coding equipment for magnetic stripes makes this technology highly susceptible to counterfeiting. GAO also pointed out that rapid advances in card technology may quickly render obsolete any hi-tech anticounterfeiting efforts.
Changing the Social Security card by adding a photograph and requiring that it be signed when issued might make it more effective as an identity document, but people intent on fraud can substitute a photograph, modify their appearance, or reproduce signatures with practice. In addition, pictures on the card would require updating from time to time because of changes in personal appearance.
More effective biometric identifiers, such as fingerprints, require verification techniques that are expensive and that cannot be applied by nonexperts. A technology that has emerged for linking users to documents is the Personal Identification Number or PIN. Automatic teller machines in particular have popularized this technology. However, GAO noted that incorporating a PIN in a work eligibility document would require the use of card readers and on-line access to a data base matching the PIN with a unique code in a magnetic stripe on the card. Also, GAO reported that law enforcement authorities have found that many users write their PIN on the card or elsewhere in their wallet or purse in case they should forget it. Thus, if the card is stolen, the thief also has the PIN that permits him to use the card.
GAO concluded that the card would not be a good identifier because it does not satisfy three criteria for a reliable identity document. It must be difficult to counterfeit; allow verification that the person presenting the document is, in fact, the individual to whom it was issued; and be difficult to obtain fraudulently.
We share GAO's views that these are the appropriate criteria to use in evaluating identity documents. It appears that no single document can meet all three criteria, primarily because a determined individual can obtain a counterfeit document or a valid document through fraudulent means . Furthermore, efforts to develop a fraud-proof identity document for employment eligibility verification purposes would require major changes in the process of issuing birth certificates and be very expensive. While it is possible to develop a more counterfeit-resistant Social Security card, there are reasons aside from cost-effectiveness why it would not be an effective identity document.
False Documents Impede the Security of Social Security Cards
As I mentioned earlier, even if the Social Security card were enhanced, there would be no assurance that the card had been properly issued to an individual. This is because the documents which a Social Security card applicant must present -primarily a birth certificate and immigration forms--are relatively easy to alter, counterfeit, or obtain fraudulently.
In 1988, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued a report entitled Birth Certificate Fraud which examined vulnerabilities to fraud in birth certificate forms and issuance procedures and in procedures of user agencies which receive birth certificates as documentation. The problems found by the OIG included:
- False birth certificates are used to create false identities;
- An estimated 7,000 local issuing offices issue some 10,000 different versions of birth certificate forms which may be submitted to user agencies for evaluation; and,
- States have open access to vital records, and there is lax physical security of blank forms and seals, especially in local offices.
In 1991, OIG issued a follow-up report on efforts to control birth certificate fraud. The relevant finding was that the nature and extent of birth certificate fraud appeared t o be relatively unchanged since 1988. OIG reported that major weaknesses in the procedures used by issuing agencies continued to hamper the ability of user agencies, both Federal and State, to rely on birth certificates as evidence of identity. The cost of revamping the system by which birth certificates are issued would be enormous, and while some State and local jurisdictions have initiated reforms, most are severely constrained from making major reforms by increasingly limited resources.
Logistics of Reissuance of Social Security Cards
Let me now discuss the logistics that would be involved in issuing enhanced Social Security cards to the almost 270 million current card holders. To be effective, a new card would have to be issued relatively quickly to all card holders. Otherwise, they could present earlier versions of the Social Security card and claim they had not yet been issued a new card. The process of verifying identities and reissuing everyone a new, more secure card would be very costly--from $3 to $6 billion from general revenues, depending on the security features and issuance procedures. (The $3-$6 billion does not include the potential cost to employers.) The additional cost of the secure feature itself (e.g., a bar code or photo) would be relatively small. However, the labor costs associated with interviewing, verifying evidence, and producing the card would make the total reissuance cost extremely high.
Issuing new cards to everyone would also be burdensome on the public, as individuals would be required to establish their identity and citizenship or lawful alien status satisfactorily before being issued a new card.
The workload that would result from the issuance of new Social Security cards to all card holders would primarily serve purposes other than the administration of the Social Security program and would be a tremendous challenge for the Agency and its employees. The volume of interviews required to reissue almost 270 million Social Security cards in 5 or even in 10 years could not be handled in SSA's 1,300 local offices, because it would interfere with the ability of the offices to properly serve the people needing help with Social Security problems at a time when the Agency is facing heavy workloads. The law provides that any changes made to the Social Security card for purposes of work eligibility must be financed from general revenues and not be borne by the Social Security trust funds.
Social Security Cards for Work Authorization
I would now like to discuss the role of the Social Security card as evidence of work authorization, which is a separate issue from personal identification. As you know, Mr. Chairman, IRCA makes it illegal for an employer to knowingly hire anyone not legally permitted to work in the U.S.; that is, aliens not authorized to work by INS. Under IRCA, all employers are required to verify a job applicant's identity and authorization to work . Any of a variety of documents specified in the law and in INS regulations can be used for this verification, which is required for all employees, regardless of citizenship or national origin . Some of these documents- such as a U.S. Passport--establish both employment eligibility and identity. Others --including the Social Security card--can be used to establish work authorization, but must be accompanied by an identification document, such as a State driver's license.
Originally, the same type of Social Security card was issued to all SSN applicants who requested one, whether or not they were authorized to work. Beginning in May 1982, a legend, "NOT VALID FOR EMPLOYMENT", was placed on the Social Security each State has been required to have an IEVS to match financial information received from public assistance claimants with information in Federal and State data bases so that they can identify claimants who are ineligible or who receive incorrect benefit payments.
Although EVS is used primarily by States, employers may also use EVS to verify SSNs for wage reporting or employment eligibility purposes. However, because EVS consists of a high volume process, under which the requests are transmitted to SSA by mail on magnetic tape and the results returned to the requestors in about 4 weeks, this system does not allow for immediate SSN verification. Thus, it may not effectively serve an employer's employment eligibility verification needs.
IRCA required the Secretary of Health and Human Services to study the feasibility, costs, and privacy considerations of an SSN validation system for employers. From January 1987 through September 1988, SSA tested a telephone system under which employers in 3 Texas cities requested SSN validations orally and received oral responses from SSA employees who had online access to SSA data bases. The test allowed employers t o use existing telephone lines and equipment to request SSN validation of prospective employees from SSA and receive an immediate response. This is similar to an employer's calling the BOO-number today, except that the test provided for a special staff dedicated to this specific function.
The test results indicated that, although technically feasible, the effectiveness of an SSN validation system in helping employers prevent aliens not authorized to work in this country from gaining employment would be limited, because there is no way to be sure that the job applicant presenting a valid Social Security card is the person to whom it was issued.
Employment Eligibility Verification Pilot Projects
The Commission on Immigration Reform's interim report to Congress in September 1994 proposed a computer registry based on SSA and INS data which employers could check to determine if a new employee is eligible to work. The Commission recommended that the President immediately pilot the registry in the five States with the highest levels of illegal immigration and several other States.
Our SSN data base is highly accurate and is updated overnight. Since the data base was established to carry out Social Security functions, such as to facilitate wage reporting, the data base and its supporting systems are not designed to support work eligibility verification, although they contain information that is useful for that activity. Because of this, we need new programming to support verification of work eligibility and to make the verification process more convenient for employers.
As I have indicated, we are concerned about the possible use of the Social Security card as an identity document, the costs associated with making it serve that purpose and its implications for individual privacy; nevertheless, we are committed to testing effective, nondiscriminatory means of improving the employment eligibility verification system. We fully understand and share the subcommittee's concerns about improving the integrity of the employment eligibility verification system. SSA will continue to assist employers in verifying employment eligibility and we will gladly work with the subcommittee to improve that system.


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VIA has announced a new "ultra mobile" mini laptop reference design it calls "OpenBook" based on the company's Ultra Mobility Platform, which centers around two pieces of VIA technology: the C7-M ULV processor and the the VX800 digital media IGP chipset.
The new design features an 8.9" screen, supports DirectX 9.0 3D graphics, supports acceleration for various video formats, and includes an HD video processor, indicating that VIA sees mobile video playback as a key application for the device.
The design includes support for WiMAX, WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity, and contains three USB 2.0 ports, a VGA port, audio in/out jacks, a 4-in-one card reader and a 2-Megapixel web cam.
VIA has also open sourced the CAD computer design files for the reference design in an attempt to ease the creation of products based on the platform.


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Sometimes as Sensei we have to state the obvious.
Men should not hit women. This is particularly true for Karate students.
If a man is angry at a woman, he should walk away rather than resort to violence. Even if the woman starts a fight, the man should try his very best to avoid contact.
Husbands should not hit wives. Boyfriends should not hit girlfriends.
Of course, the reverse is also true. Women should not hit men. But in modern society, there is something of a presumption that the woman is the victim.
OK, if a group of ninja women were to attack a man, I would say that the man could fight back. I would. But how often do you hear about this? It is much more common to hear about a man getting mad and punching or choking his wife or girlfriend. Alcohol and drugs are often contributing factors.
My daughter has three older brothers who are martial artists (and pretty big) and me as her father. We tend to make it clear to young men that she is to be treated respectfully, or else.
Again, as Sensei we need to state these types of this things. You never know, some of our students may come from homes with domestic violence. Young men might grow up seeing the men in the family hitting or abusing women. We need to make it clear that this is wrong and not something a Karate student should do, or tolerate.
Charles C. Goodin
Do Not Hit Women
Sometimes as Sensei we have to state the obvious.
Posted by Charles C. Goodin on Saturday, October 24, 2009


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One year after a parolee killed state prisons director Tom Clements, life behind bars — and beyond — is far different for Colorado convicts. After years of declining prison populations — reductions that Clements had trumpeted — the number of inmates has risen in the past year as a direct result of his slaying.
Among the factors:
- The Colorado Parole Board granted an average of 24 fewer discretionary paroles per month, an 8 percent decrease.
- Authorities cracked down on technical violations by parolees. The parole board, acting on recommendations of parole officers, increased by 37 parolees a month, or 14 percent, the number it sent back to prison for rule violations such as missing curfews and drinking beer.
- The newly formed Fugitive Apprehension Unit has also rounded up 415 parole absconders across the state, including one who was particularly difficult to find because he was living in Quartzsite, Ariz., as a woman the past six years.
The nine-member team has tracked down offenders hiding across the country, from Alaska to Florida.
Prison officials have sharply reduced the number of inmates being held in solitary confinement, also known as administrative segregation, where Evan Ebel, the parolee who killed Clements, spent most of his eight years in prison. It also has curtailed the number of inmates released to the streets directly from ad-seg.
And, after a review ordered by Gov. John Hickenlooper, authorities uncovered hundreds of cases — again, like Ebel's — that involved sentencing errors. A judge's error in a prison-assault case led to Ebel's release four years early.
Ebel's release
On March 14, 2013, nearly two months after he was released directly from solitary, Ebel cut the ankle monitor he was ordered to wear as a condition for his parole. It took officials six days to seek a warrant for his arrest.
By then, it was too late.
On March 17, Ebel killed pizza-delivery driver Nathan Leon. On March 19, wearing Leon's Domino's uniform, Ebel rang the doorbell at Clements' Monument home and shot him to death. Two days after that, Ebel was killed after a 100-mph chase and shootout with Texas lawmen.
Clements' death raised several issues that Department of Corrections officials have been scrambling to address. In some cases, they have continued Clements' work. In others, they have reversed or stalled the course he was on.
Altogether, these factors, along with an increase in court commitments to prison, reversed a downward spiral of prison-population numbers that had been seen over the four previous years.
Colorado prisons had been dropping by an average of 729 inmates a year from 23,147 on Jan. 1, 2009, to 20,231 on Jan. 1, 2013. The total prison population had increased to 20,321 by this past January.
Clements' successor, Rick Raemisch, said he did not issue any directives to parole officers to be stricter with parolees. But he added that he isn't surprised that parole officers would enforce existing parole rules more stringently after Clements' murder.
It's "human nature," he said.
Colorado Parole Board chairman Brandon Shaffer said he did not warn fellow board members to be more stringent with parole applicants and parolees with technical violations, but Clements' murder undoubtedly drove more conservative decision-making. Board members have been more inclined to err on the side of safety, he said.
"It has impressed on everyone how important this is," Shaffer said, referring to Clements' murder. "We have to get it right every time. This job is not for the faint of heart. We sit at the crossroads of human tragedy and human potential."
Because of Clements' murder, the board did make some changes, including requiring newly appointed board members to receive comprehensive job training for a month before they review any parole hearings. Previously, board members started overseeing hearings the day they started, Shaffer said.
Also, board members will no longer get a list of inmates' names on Fridays, only to officiate over their parole hearing the following week, Shaffer said. Now, the board will have an entire month to review offender records before its hearings, he said.
New policies
Critics said the spike in prison enrollment was a knee-jerk political response to Clements' death, and they fear many prisoners were denied parole unfairly.
"I don't like it, but I understand it," said Michael Dell, a Colorado Springs board member of the prisoner-advocacy group Colorado-CURE. "When parole board members see what happened to Tom Clements, they are not going to take a gamble on someone else."
But for the inmate who has followed prison rules, enrolled in work and education programs, and turned his life around, the changes send a message that his efforts didn't matter, Dell said.
See graph of Colorado's inmate population.
Clements' murder has had many other repercussions on prison and parole operations.
The Department of Corrections has instituted new policies, including establishing a two-hour deadline for parole officers to respond to alerts of electronic-monitor tampering.
Child rapist Eric Hartwell learned about that firsthand after he cut off his ankle bracelet and walked away from Independence House in Denver on Feb. 21.
His parole officer sought an arrest warrant within 22 minutes, said DOC spokesman Roger Hudson. Hartwell was arrested a week later in Virginia.
Under Raemisch, the DOC has continued a trend initiated by Clements to dramatically reduce the number of inmates held in solitary confinement. The figure has dropped by nearly 61 percent, from more than 1,511 inmates in 2011, when Clements initiated the movement, to 590 two weeks ago.
In 2012, an average of 14 inmates per month were released from solitary confinement to the street. Since Clements' murder, a monthly average of seven have been released.
Now, when prisoners are released directly from ad-seg, they are taken straight to their parole officer for their first meeting instead of being released on the streets, prisons director Steve Hager said.
The department is planning a program to curtail gang activity and prison violence in general. Ebel was a member of the 211 Crew, a white supremacist gang. El Paso County deputies are investigating whether a gang "shot-caller" ordered him to kill Clements.
Last month, two prisons officials went to Washington state to review a policy for curbing prison violence. According to the program, prisons officials identify offenders with violent track records and notify them that they are under increased scrutiny that will result in longer prison terms. Colorado will soon incorporate a similar program, Raemisch said.
But some law enforcement officials say much more could — and should — be done to make Colorado safer.
See graphs of inmate revocations and releases.
Just since Clements' murder, there has been a surge of violence in prison. Law enforcement experts claim Raemisch's focus on removing inmates from ad-seg has triggered a rise in assaults on inmates and staffers, as well as fights.
Of the 690 offenders released from solitary confinement in 2012 and 2013, 107 have since been returned for such offenses as assaulting staffers, fighting and participating in gang activity, according to department records.
One officer who works at Centennial Correctional Facility, where many of the mentally ill patients who had been in solitary confinement have been transferred, said the offenders are extremely violent and unpredictable. The officer spoke on condition of anonymity out of fear he could lose his job. But he added that he is also looking for a new job because he no longer feels safe at DOC.
"These inmates are being coddled to the point that it is ridiculous," he said. "These guys are the worst of the worst of the worst. They had been in administrative segregation for a reason."
Year of introspection
Raemisch sees things differently, not believing mentally ill inmates should be "warehoused" in ad-seg.
To illustrate his point, he had himself locked up in an ad-seg cell at Colorado State Penitentiary in Cañon City in January for 20 hours and wrote about the experience in a New York Times op-ed piece, claiming that in that relatively short time span he began feeling "twitchy and paranoid."
His statement echoed something Ebel's father, Jack, told a state Senate judiciary panel on March 14, 2011, about the damaging effects of solitary confinement: "What I have seen over six years is (that) he has a high level of paranoia and extremely anxious."
During his six months in office, Raemisch has emphasized moving the mentally ill out of cells where they are kept alone 23 hours a day. In February, no mentally ill inmates were locked up in ad-seg, an unprecedented achievement, Raemisch noted. Before Clements, Colorado had one of the nation's highest rates of ad-seg placements of the mentally ill.
A year of introspection has exposed many weaknesses in the DOC, Raemisch said.
"We looked in a mirror and didn't really like what we saw," he said. "I think we are a much better department than we were six months ago."
Kirk Mitchell: 303-954-1206, denverpost.com/coldcases or twitter.com/kmitchelldp


text: Wayne County came into being in 1803 from cession of Creek Indian land. Present boundaries include part of old Appling County. Glynn, Camden and Charlton counties later drew territory from Wayne. Its name honors General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, a flamboyant fighter from Pennsylvania who conducted daring exploits against the British in several southern campaigns during the Revolutionary War. For a brief time, he also represented Georgia as a member of Congress. Jesup, the county seat, is named for General Thomas Jesup who fought Creek Indians along the border in 1836.


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"Had a great day fishing at Struble lake. Both of us cought our limit and fish were all nice pan fry between 10 and 12 inches. Cant wait to go again Saturday :)..." Strubel Lake
"Correction there is walleye in this lake. I know this because I have caught them. When I was younger I've heard of brown trout where stoney creek flows in, but have..." Burntstick Lake
"There are no catfish, lake trout or chinook salmon. There are rainbow trout, perch and suckers...." Alford Lake
"There are no catfish, brown trout or northern pike. There are rainbow trout,perch and suckers...." Phyllis Lake


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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
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i love u r avarar will!! do we know who is going in the house yet??
Oh yeah and kitkat is gonna be on it too!
Quote from: ugot2bekidinmeny on June 18, 2012, 03:05:14 PM Oh yeah and kitkat is gonna be on it too! Come to think of it, I haven't seen her around here lately
FYI....The Big Brother 14 houseguests will be revealed on Monday, July 2nd. Good thing I'm on vacation that week so I will be starting the new threads for each houseguests. 23 more days until the premiere!
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The oustanding wallpaper is part of Give An Ideal Arrangement To Your Living Room Furniture document which is classified within Living, Room, Furniture and posted at September 19, 2017 12:37:19 pm by Richard Lowry
Give An Ideal Arrangement To Your Living Room Furniture: Orange Living Room Chair
Whether you're looking for a simple desk chair, a cool sitting chair, or something inflatable that can be stashed away when your friend isn't crashing on it, there are plenty of living room chairs that will make your room the ultimate chill spot in the dorm.
Below is a round-up of the best living room chairs, listed in no particular order.1) Modway Remark Armchair, Sunny | 2) Boss Office Products B809-BY Wingback Chair | 3) Handy Living Sasha Arm Chair | 4) Bonded Leather Rocker and Swivel Chair | 5) Bonded Leather Rocker Living Room Chair | 6) Baby Relax Rylan Swivel Gliding Recliner | 7) Delta Furniture Morgan Rocker Chair | 8) babyletto Madison Swivel Glider | 9) Coaster Home Furnishings 460406 Chair | 10) Accent Chair (Drak Grey) | 11) Pulaski DS-2278-900-5 Accent/Living Room Chair | 12) Giantex Deco Solids Accent Chair | 13) Massage Recliner Sofa Chair | 14) Best Selling Davis Leather Chair | 15) Lounge Chair Cushion | 16) Modern Velvet Accent Living Room Chair | 17) Giantex PU Leather Recliner Chair | 18) Kebo Lounge Chair Chaise | 19) Niche Mia Reclining Bentwood Chair | 20) Costway Set of 2 Dining Arm Chairs | 21) Merax Fabric Dining Chairs | 22) Flash Furniture Vintage Leather Recliner | 23) Simpli Home Austin Accent Tub Chair | 24) Modern, Ikat Blue Slate Large Accent Chair | 25) Giantex Deco Solids Accent Chair | 26) Modway EEI-2551-GRN Kelly Green, Armchair | 27) Dorel Living Clairborne Dining Chair | 28) Zuo Modern Providence Arm Chair | 29) Merax Contemporary Recliner and Ottoman Set | 30) Giantex Accent Leisure Upholstered Arm Chair | 31) Madison Park Caitlyn Roll Back Chair | 32) Lounging Accent Chair | 33) Kebo Chair, Black and White Geometric Pattern | 34) Cortesi Home Largo Damask Accent Chair |
The living room is the heart of a house. It is the ultimate room of a home which gathers the attention of all the visitors. Besides being the focal point of an apartment, it is also an area of comfort, a source of reunion for a family. Indeed, the place where all your people gather after an exhausting day should be comfortable and soothing.
In making a room, the perfect relaxing zone, the arrangement of the furniture plays a crucial role. Now, when you talk about your living room, it has to be perfect as it is not just a domicile, but also your personal canvas where you can showcase all your art. To adorn it, you need the best furniture and the best artefacts. But before getting the perfect furniture, you need to measure your area properly.
Off course, you wouldn't wish to bump your knee against the table, nor wish to give a clumsy look to the area. So, you got to measure the space available for different furniture in your living room. To make your task a bit easier, we provide you with a list of rules you should follow while getting the ideal furniture for your living space:1. Get a Coffee Table of the perfect height and size:
As a coffee table adds to the charm of the place, getting one is desired by all. But before you get one, do check the height of your sofa and ensure that there is not more than a one-inch gap between the height of the coffee table and height of your sofa. Not only it gives an enthralling look but makes the seating more comfortable.
Talking about the size of the coffee table, then it should be approximately 1/2 to 2/3 of the size of the sofa. It can be a little more than half of the size but not less than that.2. Leave the required walkway space:
While placing the perfect furniture, you need to leave a sufficient walkway space. Ideally, there should be 30 to 36 inches of walkway between the furniture pieces to avoid a crowded look.3. The ideal seating distance:
To make your living area an engaging zone, you need to ensure that the seating distance you leave is appropriate. The seating should be comfortable for all, allowing everyone to interact freely. Correctly, there should be not more than 10 feet and less than 3 feet distance between the chairs or sofas placed in a room to optimise the conversation.4. Get a side table of perfect height:
If you wish to place a side table or a console table beside your sofa, ensure that it is not taller than the height of the sofa or divan back.5. A T.V placed at proper height:
The present day living rooms are incomplete without a T.V. Not only getting a stylish one but placing it correctly is essential to assure a proper view. A T.V should be placed 30 inches raised to the lowest seat in a room. If you don't want to get it fixed on a wall, get a TV stand of the proper height, such that it ensures a comfortable view.6. The wall painting placed at the perfect height:
The wall painting should be placed correctly so as to create a centre of attraction. Firstly, do not try to overstuff your room by placing all the artistries in a single room.
In order to create a classy look, try making a single artefact, for suppose, a wall painting, the centrepiece. Place your painting 57 inches above the floor, or 30 inches above the seat height. You should also leave at least 6 inches of space between the edge of the wall and the ceiling.
Hopefully, these living room measurement rules will help you create a better zone. To stay updated about the latest interior design trends, stay in touch with Wooden Street.
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move to the top of the goal
Major Section: PROOF-CHECKER-COMMANDS
Example and General Form: topFor example, if the conclusion is
(= x (* (- y) z)) and the
current subterm is
y, then after executing
top, the current subterm
will be the same as the conclusion, i.e.,
(= x (* (- y) z)).
Top is the same as
(up n), where
n is the number of times one needs
to execute
up in order to get to the top of the conclusion. The
command fails if one is already at the top of the conclusion.
See also
nx, and


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Freesias must be one of the most popular and valued scented flowers for the spring garden. Available in a wide range of colours, they naturalise easily and can be grown in full sun or partial shade.