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A Resistant Structure: The Skeletal System
At this moment, you may well be sitting or lying down. After finishing this book, you may want to replace it on the top shelf of the bookcase. Also, you may want to continue sipping the cup of tea you are holding in one hand. However, whatever action you perform, you are indebted to your skeletal bones for your every movement. Were it not for them, you would be unable to read this text, move your fingers, or even get up and walk. Your body would crumple up like an empty sack of flesh. Your organs would be crushed under their own weight, and within a few seconds, you would die.
Actions you perform in your daily life without even thinking about them, which might be described as very simple, all occur thanks to your bones' functional structures. Consider, for example, what you do as you read this book. To read this page, you must have turned over the one before. In doing so, your index or middle finger went into action first. Your thumb assisted. The three bones comprising your index finger angled in turn. At the same time, the two bones comprising your thumb rose up and helped the page turn over. As all this was going on, your wrist bone and the other bones in your hand also pivoted at particular angles. Your arm bones of course helped you to hold the book. In short, you began reading thanks to a mechanism whose existence you may never have been aware of before, which performed for you a number of functions, again without your being aware of them, and which are still going on now, as you continue reading.
Laughing, running, walking, sitting down, getting up, lying down, writing—you do all these things thanks to your bones. It is thanks to your skeleton that you can walk, sit down and stand up, lie down, laugh or eat.
The framework of the human body is made up of 206 hard components, fitted to one another just like the parts of a jigsaw puzzle and connected to one another from specific ends.
A Component Structure: The Skeleton
Although there are 206 bones in the adult body, that number rises as high as 350 in children. Most of these bones fuse together in early adolescence, however, and the number of bones falls to 206. Bones represent some 20% of the weight of the human body. In other words, an 80-kilogram (176-pound) human being carries 16 kilograms (35 pounds) of bone. To put it the other way, this 16-kilogram (35-pound) skeleton carries an 80-kilogram (176-pound) body, holds it up and moves it. This resilience is just one of the skeleton's amazing features.
Bones' most important attribute is the way they allow you to perform various movements. For many years now, there have been attempts to adapt this attribute to machines and robots, with only very limited results.
Examined in terms of task and function, the skeleton and the bones that comprise it make us aware once again that we are faced with a miracle of creation. The bones in our human body, with all their very different functions, demonstrate to us the glory of Allah's creation. This matchless creation is emphasized in a great many verses, such as :
". . . Look at the bones—how We raise them up and clothe them in flesh. . . . " (Surat al-Baqara: 259)
In another verse, Allah cites the bones' first creation to a denier who refuses to believe in eternal life after death:
He makes likenesses of Us and forgets his own creation, saying, "Who will give life to bones when they are decayed?" Say, "He Who made them in the first place will bring them back to life. He has total knowledge of each created thing." (Surah Ya Sin: 78-79)
The Structure Of Bones
In just about all bones in the body, especially in the long ones, there are two different structures. The bulk of the bone consists of dense, hard tissue, while the ends consist of a thin layer of bone made up of a more porous structure. This is actually very important in terms of the bones fulfilling their functions, because only with such a characteristic can the bones move, transferring the stress placed on their body to their joints. If every region of bone had exactly the same structure, then the bones would lack elasticity and strength.
Bone tissue consists of cells and the raw material that those cells secrete around themselves. There are three kinds of cells in bone tissue: those that play a role in the structure of the bones and provide their shape, those that form the hollows inside the bones, and those that establish the communications that link these to one another.
The Structure that Gives the Bones Their Strength
1. External lamella
2. Bone cell
3. Middle lamellae
4. Renal pelvis
5. Periost
The general structure of the bones that hold the body up is shown at the side. This special creation is identical in everyone, whose bones possess the same strength and elasticity. Bones are one example of Allah's flawless creation.
The internal structure of bone is a microscopic marvel. The skeleton occupies a rather large space in the body and performs the most vital functions. The secret of how it is so light and yet so strong lies in the structure of the bones. Their interior, described by scientists as a marvel of engineering, possesses a quite amazing creation.
Indeed, in the second half of the twentieth century, engineers developed a technique adapted from the structure of bone in the construction of difficult, lengthy and costly projects such as skyscrapers and bridges. Under this method, known as the cage system, a structure's load-bearing elements are constructed not as a single slab, but in the form of interconnected ribs. With the benefit of complex calculations capable of being performed by computer—and replicating the characteristics in bones— large bridges and industrial structures were built far stronger and far more economically.
However, the system inside the bones is far more complex than the technique employed in these buildings. Bones possess two seemingly contradictory features at once: strength and lightness. Due to the materials employed in their construction, however, buildings do not possess these two characteristics together. The porous, hollowed structure of bones makes them light, though they are also exceedingly strong and resistant.
The simultaneous presence of these two features, lightness and strength, imparts a number of benefits on human beings. Any contrary state of affairs would have lethal consequences. If bones possessed only one of these two characteristics—if they were strong but heavy, for example—then the entire skeleton would be far too weighty for human muscles to carry. People's freedom of movement would decrease, severely restricting their daily lives. And as a result of this hardness and brittleness in the bones, the slightest blow would lead to cracks and fractures.
In the exact opposite case—if the bones were light, but not hard—the body could not exist in its present form. Many vitally important organs such as the brain and heart would be exposed to constant danger.
Furthermore, bones possess different features depending on the position they occupy in the body. All bones are strong and elastic, although the levels of these properties do vary. The rib cage, for example, is strong enough to protect such vital organs as the heart and lungs, but also possesses the capacity to expand and contract in such a way as to permit easy breathing. If the ribcage consisted of bones as hard as the skull, then breathing would be almost impossible, and the lungs would become trapped in this hard cage every time you inhaled. As these examples show, detailed examination of just one feature in the bones reveals a great many miracles of creation. However, this is by no means the end of the bones' special structures.
The internal "cage" structure in bones is an inspiration for engineers. Thanks to construction techniques developed to resemble the structure of bones, far more resistant and economical structures can be built.
How Do We Move?
In order to move, we need a muscular system as well as a skeleton. All the bones comprising the skeleton are attached to muscles. As a muscle contracts, it pulls on a bone and enables it to move. In this way, the muscles and bones act together, allowing you to walk, sit, stand up and perform many other movements. In the actions we perform countless times throughout the course of the day, your bones and muscles are used together. You walk, speak, eat, sit and lie down only thanks to the coordinated functions of your muscular-skeletal system.
The muscular system understands the bones' structure and functions, and the bones are equally well acquainted with the muscles; they literally understand each other. When you go to sit down, the knee joint bends, together with the leg muscles contracting. You are thus able to sit down without difficulty, and stand up again. The muscle surrounds and attaches to the bone so perfectly that every condition necessary for the muscle's contraction is met. The tendons never come loose from the bone, and neither does the bone tear the muscle, except in cases of injury. These two entirely different complex tissues with their entirely separate systems cooperate with each other perfectly.
Thanks to the perfect structure in the skeleton, you can move in a variety of ways. On the left is shown the form assumed by the knee during bending and stretching; and below, the way the palm turns around the forearm axis and folds in on itself.
So how did this cooperation come into being? How did these flawless systems, a few examples of which we shall be considering in some detail, arise in the human body?
First, in order for vital functions to be performed, clearly they must all be present as a whole, to have emerged at a single moment. It is therefore impossible for complex bodily systems to have developed gradually, on their own. In addition, tissues such as muscle or bone clearly cannot possess such attributes as awareness, knowledge, calculation or cooperation. This leads us to only one conclusion: that mankind was created by a creator. That Creator is Allah, He Who is aware of all, Who knows the needs of every living thing down to the very finest detail. Allah creates human beings' bones and Who permits them to work in unison by attaching them to muscles.
1. Thigh bone
2. Kneecap
3. Head of Pelvic bone
4. Tibia
5. Pelvic bone
Thanks to our mobile joints, we experience no difficulty and feel no pain in moving, because our joints possess a special creation. There is a space between the joints, filled with fluid that serves to lubricate the joints and prevents the bones from wearing down. Allah has no partners in creation.
Allah knows all forms of creation. There is no doubt that Allah creates everything to perfection.
How many Signs there are in the heavens and earth! Yet they pass them by, turning away from them. Most of them do not believe in Allah without associating others with Him. Do they feel secure that the all-enveloping punishment of Allah will not come upon them, or that the Last Hour will not come upon them all of a sudden when they least expect it? (Surah Yusuf: 105-107)
The Perfect Lubrication System Between the Bones
1. Cavity containing Joint fluid
2. Joint cartilage
3. Membrane outside the bone
Why do you feel no pain when moving your arms or legs? Under normal conditions, one would expect constant friction to lead to wear and erosion in the bones. But no such thing actually happens, thanks to the special joint fluid that prevents friction. This fluid prevents wear and damage to the joint surface by making it slippery. You are thus able to move comfortably thanks to this flawless creation in our bodies.
Bones possess different features, depending on where they are located in the body. For example, those skeletal bones that move constantly need very different support to those that remain largely immobile. We can consider your joints as examples. Since the vertebrae that comprise your spinal column, and the joints in your legs, arms, hands and feet are in constant motion, they also need support systems.
Friction can occur anywhere that the moving parts of any mechanical device make contact with each other. Where there is friction, parts break down eventually. Every moving mechanical system, from a simple door hinge to a car engine with the latest technology, needs to be regularly lubricated. However, lubrication does not entirely eradicate wear, but only delays it. For example, even though car engines are lubricated every five thousand kilometres wear can still not be entirely eliminated. That is why engine parts constantly need changing.
But even though the joints of humans and animals are in constant motion throughout their lives, they never require maintenance in any form. If you think of a human covering a distance of around 100,000 kilometers (62,140 miles) in a lifetime, the miraculous aspect of this becomes all the more apparent.
Were it not for the assistance from your joints, you would be unable to move, because all your bodily movements occur thanks to how your joints move against one another. During a basketball match, what are the responsibilities of the players' joints as they run, dribbling the ball?
1. Flat joint
2. Trachlear joint
3. Socket joint
4. Hinge joint
5. Saddle joint
6. Ball joint
A. No axis
B. Single axis
C. Double axis
D. Multi-axis
a. Wristbone
b. Arm bone
c. Elbow bone
d. Forearm bone
e. Finger bones
f. Short bones in the hand
g. Metacarpal bone no. 1
h. Head of Arm Bone
Our bodies have many kinds of joints, with just the right features for the movements we perform.
Anywhere two bones come together, the duty of the joint is to keep the distance between the bones as great as possible to prevent any friction. But in such a condition, it would be impossible for the knees, elbows or wrists to move comfortably. Were it not for the joints' unique structure and the buffer zone in between them, you would be able to move only in stops and starts, like a robot.
Bones are the body's storehouses of calcium. The source of that calcium is milk and similar foods.
Scientists have been studying the joints' attributes for many years now, particularly how they prevent friction. Their aim is to adapt to robots this perfect system in the human body. At first, researchers thought that the absence of friction in the wrists stemmed from fluid in the joints, but subsequently they realized that this fluid had no power to prevent friction. In a most superior example of creation, the surfaces of the joints were covered with a fine layer of porous cartilage, underneath which was a dense liquid. In the event of pressure on one part of the joint, the bone pushes this liquid out through the cartilage, and the joint surfaces are allowed to slide just as if they were coated in oil.
As we have seen, human beings possess a flawless creation in all aspects, and this allows them to move.
The Skeletal System's Superior Load-Bearing Capacity
In addition to their perfect functions, the bones comprising the skeleton also have a flawless internal structure, with the capacity and strength to bear weight with no difficulty. Indeed, a rather wide safety margin has been included, for any difficulties the body might conceivably be exposed to.
The pelvic bone has one of the greatest load-bearing capacities, able to withstand a load of one ton in the upright position. Indeed, with every step you take, you place on this bone a load of three times the weight of your body. When a pole-vaulter lands, the pelvic bone is exposed to a pressure of 1,400 kilos (3,086 pounds) per square foot. The bones in your body are subjected to intense weight and pressure every time you lie down, sit, or stand up from a sitting position. During all these movements that you perform without thinking, a complex skeletal system goes into action in a most systematic manner.
In order to fully grasp the perfection of the creation in the bones let us draw a comparison. Steel is one of the strongest and most functional materials, being both strong and flexible. Yet a piece of bone is actually much stronger than solid steel, and ten times more flexible. Bones are also superior in terms of weight. A steel carcass is three times heavier, in relative terms, than the human skeleton.
It is not only steel, but any other material used by mankind that lags far behind when compared with the structure of bones. It will be seen that compared with the same weight of reinforced concrete, bones have four times the load bearing capacity.
Bones: The Body's Living Bank
Most people imagine bones to be inanimate substances, but apart from their outer layers, they are in fact living tissues, containing microscopic blood vessels, nerves, and bone marrow. At the same time, the bones store vital substances such as calcium and phosphorus and return these to the body when needed for any reason.
What would happen if there were no calcium in the body?
Calcium assumes a most important role in ensuring that stimuli from the outside environment reach the nerves. Without calcium, signals could not reach the nerves, leading to paralysis and failure of the internal organs, eventually resulting in death. But calcium's importance goes even further.
When you cut yourself, the blood congeals soon afterwards, preventing your death from blood loss. This is of vital importance. If blood did not clot, all of it would eventually flow out of your body from even the tiniest cut as in the case of fluid running out of a barrel with a hole in the bottom. However, a miraculous mechanism ensures that clotting does take place to protect us from certain death, as you saw in Chapter 1. Calcium is one of the main factors that sets this mechanism in motion, and were it not for the calcium stored in the bones, your blood would not clot.
1. Narrow Cavity
2. Body
3. Joint Cartilage
4. Spongy structure
5. Neck
6. Yellow bone tissue
The pelvic bone, tibia, fibula and finger bones are among the kind of long bones illustrated below.
Your Bone Cells' Ability to Trap Calcium
We have already stated that the bone cells serve as calcium and phosphorus depots. There is another important point here that needs to be dwelt on. A bone cell, which has no sense organs, can easily distinguish calcium and phosphorus from the thousands of different substances in the blood, and then traps these atoms with perfect accuracy.
1. Low C++ level in the blood
2. Thyroid activity is prevented.
3. The parathyroid gland is stimulated.
4. Calcitonin secretion is reduced.
5. Parathormone secretion is increased.
6. Osteoclast activities increase.
7. Osteoclasts increase the secretion of C++ from the bone into the blood.
8. The absorption of calcium from the small intestine rises.
9. Loss of calcium through urine is prevented.
10. The level of calcium in the blood rises.
11. The thyroid gland is stimulated.
12. The secretion of parathormone is prevented
13. Osteoclast activities are prevented.
14. Calcitonin secretion is reduced.
15. Calcium absorption from bones is reduced
It is vitally important that the calcium level in the body should remain at specific levels. When the level of calcium in the blood falls, parathormone immediately goes into action to bring about a transition of calcium from bone to the bloodstream. In addition, calcium is prevented from being expelled by the kidneys and calcium absorbance is increased. When the level of calcium in the blood rises, calcitonin is secreted, and calcium passes from the blood to the bones.
Unless he has received special training, no human being can possibly distinguish between different elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc placed before him in powder form. Could you separate and remove all the calcium particles from this mixture? If not, then you can better understand the success achieved by the bone cell, which has not received any special training in this field.
At the same time, the bone cell is also most obedient, just like all the other cells in the body. When instructed to store calcium or to stop, it obeys at once. 69The bone cells continue to serve, day and night, with great ability and discipline.
Bone Marrow: The Machine That Produces Blood Cells
A large hollow area in the centers of bones contains the marrow that ensures the production of the necessary materials for blood. Marrow consists of fat, water, erythrocytes and leucocytes. Yellow marrow, consisting almost entirely of fat, is found in some bones. In red marrow are produced and stored the red blood cells that provide carry O2 and CO2 and the white cells that protect against infections.
The hemoglobin molecules in the erythrocytes produced in red marrow distribute oxygen to all the cells after taking it on in the lungs. If the level of blood production in red marrow were just a little lower, then we would develop anemia and eventually die from lack of oxygen. Production in the marrow therefore needs to be constant. Various precautions have been taken inside the body to ensure that nothing ever goes wrong with such a vital function.
These precautions may be compared to strategies being changed according to the course of an enemy's progress.
When the body is fighting an infection, defensive white cells are produced in the red marrow. Yet these cells may not always be enough. In the event that the enemy puts up a better attack than expected, the body sounds the alarm. In addition to mounting a serious defence, the body also has to go onto the attack. At this stage the yellow marrow enters the equation. However, since yellow marrow consists solely of fats, what role can fats play in the defense?
1. Joint Cartilage
2. Spongy Tissue
3. Hard Tissue
4. Yellow Marrow Tissue
5. Yellow Marrow
6. Membrane Outside Bone
7. Feeder Arteries
Yellow marrow goes into action in situations in which red marrow is insufficient. It produces blood cells that protect the body by supporting the immune system. A tissue —itself consisting of cell—can identify cells necessary for the body and to produce these in the requisite amounts, only under the inspiration and control of Allah.
Of course, the fats themselves play no role in the defense. The yellow marrow's basic role is to store fat in the body and to begin producing blood cells when it receives an urgent signal that the red marrow cannot cope on its own. The objective is to win by establishing one single force to cooperate against the foe.
This important detail can never be explained by the Darwinian logic that links all of life to blind coincidences, because fluids inside the bones, devoid of reason or logic, decide to cooperate together in their struggle against an enemy. At the same time, those fluids demonstrate characteristics they have never employed before so as to perform different functions.
All these facts point very clearly towards creation. Examples like these of Allah's superior creation are all opportunities for one to turn to Allah and comprehend His might and greatness.
Every human being, created with so many superior features, both known and unknown, has the duty to give thanks to Allah, Who endows us with bodies so perfect in every way.
A Self-Repairing Block of Stone
Bones are as hard as stone, yet they nonetheless still break from time to time. However, the broken region heals itself shortly afterwards.
If bones were a little less resilient than they are—if they stored a little less calcium—they would break under the slightest pressure. If bones also lacked this self-repairing ability, no doubt that this would mean a great deal of suffering and trouble. People would be left crippled because their bones did not mend, and death could even result from breaks in the ribs of skull.
However, human beings have been endowed with a blessing, of which they are generally unaware. Apart from following very serious accidents, bones tend not to break. And those that do for any reason soon fuse back together.
1. Substance Forming Around Broken Bone
2. Fracture Site
3. Embedded Osteoblasts (Bone-Producing Cells)
4. Osteoblast
5. Osteoclast (Cells That Shape Bones)
6. New Bone Tissue
General Appearance of a Broken Bone
After being broken, a bone immediately starts to repair itself, and once the repair process is complete, it becomes even stronger than before, to replicate this most extraordinary phenomenon, scientific research is aimed at producing a substance similar to that which comprises human bones. Yet to date, no engineer has been able to produce a substance as strong yet as light and functional as bone, that constantly grows and lubricates itself in the way bone does, requires no shutdown time, and repairs itself when damaged. 70
The Vital Function of Bone Cells
1. Osteocyte
2. Lacuna
3. Cytoplasmic Osteocyte Extensions
4. Osteocyte Extensions
5. Osteon
6. Haversian Canal
7. Soft Tissue
8. Hard Tissue
9. Blood Vessel
Long bones are made up units known as osteons. Three of them are shown in (A). The bone cells are in the gaps (lacunae) in the bone structure. Their shapes are ideally suited to these spaces. Thanks to their cytoplasmic extensions, the bone spaces establish connections with neighboring cells by combining together. A single bone cell (osteocyte) is shown in (B). This creation in the bones with all its details, is flawless in all regards.
Various kinds of bone cells, all of which perform very different functions inside a single bone, all work together. Osteoblast cells, the makers of bone, ensure the constant renewal of bone by hardening protein with minerals. Another bone cell known as the osteoclast permits the exchange of nutrients between blood and bone tissues, as well as playing a role in the expulsion of wastes from inside the bone.
Another function of the osteoblasts is to enable bone to change dimensions and reach adult form and proportions, by leading to collapse of the tissue in the interior surfaces, bone marrow hollows and porous bone tissues. It also has an effect on the external bone surfaces by shrinking protrusions there. Uniform thickness is thus maintained throughout. 71
As the osteoclast cells perform their work in the bone, osteoblast cells do not stand idly by but begin making new bone that will constitute the skeleton. Osteoblasts bear a heavier burden during childhood, since as growth is more rapid during that stage, and there needs to be more bone-making than tearing down. But once the skeleton has reached a certain level of maturity, the processes of bone making and destruction begin to balance one another. The bone's shape and dimensions remain the same during this process, and the calcium level in the blood and the fluid between the tissues is also regulated.
The cells present in the bones of every human being, perform exactly the same functions in everyone. They all know how to reduce the size of the bone surface, know the differences between the skull and the pelvic bone, and the different forms they will give to them, when growth has to stop, and what their thickness must be. They also act in the knowledge that during childhood, they have more work to do; and possess knowledge of what calcium levels should be at which time.
As you see, the bone cells knew one another's abilities very well and act in a planned manner. They accurately determine when they need to engage in various processes. This may be compared to the production schedule in a factory, which must prevent excess production and the accumulation of too much overstock in the warehouse, as well as under-production that will result in shortages. Factories have special planners involved in such work who produce regular daily or weekly inventories to ensure balanced production in the factory.
In a comparable way, bone cells maintain the level of calcium at a fixed rate. Osteoblast and osteoclast cells work in a balanced manner, in that the osteoblast engages in production, while the osteoclast prevents any excess. Their communication is impeccable, and the balance never goes wrong, thanks to which your bones always maintain a sufficient level of calcium.
To claim that bone cells acquired their capabilities of production-planning and balance-maintenance of their own will, or that these came into being by sheer chance, conflicts with logic and with science in every possible way.
A cell cannot plan or make decisions, or become aware of the imbalances in the body. It cannot learn. Yet each and every one of the trillions of cells in the human body behaves like a conscious being, and even exhibits a higher intellect than that of human beings. This shows that cells are directed by a superior Force: It is Almighty Allah Who inspires in them knowledge of how they are to behave.
Have they not reflected within themselves? Allah did not create the heavens and the Earth and everything between them except with truth and for a fixed term. Yet many people reject the meeting with their Lord. (Surat ar-Rum: 8)
The Spine: The Body's Mobile Joist
The spine consists of a number of components. Through 33 small, round bones placed one on top of the other runs the spinal cord, which provides the coordination between the brain and all the organs, which are equipped with a major communications network. These bones have been combined with a structure that is attached to the ribs and the internal organs and results in the body's upright posture. The large structure formed by these 33 bones is one of the greatest engineering marvels in the world.
The most important task of the backbone is load-bearing. The upper body's weight is borne by the backbone. The vertebrae composing the spine move on top of one another with every step you take, which movement naturally gives rise to friction. Friction in turn will lead to erosion, and that—for a vertebra protecting a vital communication network and at the same time bearing a heavy load—can cause severe problems. So how is this structure of 33 discs protected from compression—and friction?
Within the backbone has been located the best possible protective system. Between each of the vertebrae comprising the spinal cord has been placed a cartilage disc that works like a shock absorber to soak up pressure.
1. Vertebra
2. Rump Bone (Sacrum)
3. Coccyx (Tail Bone)
4. Vertebral Artery
5. Vertebra Body
6. Spinal Nerve Node
7. Spinal Column
The spinal cord has an extraordinary creation made up of vertebrae stacked atop one another.
The backbone's shape, in the form of a letter S, has also been created in such a way as to assist in load- bearing by allowing weight to be distributed evenly. Due to your body's weight, an impact from the ground is produced every time you take a step. This force does your body no damage, however, thanks to the shock absorbers in the spine and its force-dispersing shape. Were it not for the elasticity and special structure that reduce the counterforce, then the force created would be transmitted directly to the head, and the upper part of the spinal column would shatter the bones of the skull and enter the brain.
That does not happen, however. You continue to lead a healthy life with the perfect engineering created by Allah in your human body.
Mechanical Creation in the Skeleton
Another example of the flawless creation in the bones is the bones of the feet. Each human foot is made up of 26 bones, meaning that a quarter of all the bones in the human body are in the feet. The foot possesses a very special structure created to facilitate its mechanical functions. We may compare the perfection in the structure of the sole of the foot to the engineering of a bridge—the sole's curved shape helps supports the weight of the body.
We use automobiles as another example. When a car's gas pedal is depressed the pedal works like a lever. In the same way, when you perform a lifting movement, your toes work like a hydraulic jack, lifting your body into the air. And when you run, they work as shock absorbers for the legs, so that no harm befalls the feet, veins or muscles during all these movements.
A. The foot bones bear the weight of the entire body, placed on the heel bones when the body is standing.
1. Curve from internal side to extensor
2. Curve to width
3. Curve from external side to extensor
Allah has created the foot bones with a special system to permit movement in three directions. This allows us to walk and run with ease.
To fully grasp the importance of this special situation, compare any other organ—your hand, for example—with your feet in terms of weight-bearing capacity. Let's assume that the same weight is applied to your hands every time you stand up, that you place your hands on a table and then place on top of them a weight of 70 to 80 kilograms (155 to 175 pounds). The flesh will soon be crushed, your veins will burst, and even your bones will even be shattered. Yet in your feet, which bear the weight of your body all day long, the veins do not burst, nor are the tissues crushed, because the foot is specially created to carry weight.
This is another proof of Allah's affection for human beings. Allah reveals Himself to us by creating human bodies whose creation allows us them to live in a most comfortable manner, feeling no discomfort, and easily able to meet all our needs. The signs of Allah are visible everywhere for those who can see. The important thing is to turn to Allah, the Lord of all, by thinking deeply about this evidence.
In the creation of the heavens and Earth, and the alternation of the night and day, and the ships which sail the seas to people's benefit, and the water which Allah sends down from the sky—by which He brings the earth to life when it was dead and scatters about in it creatures of every kind—and the varying direction of the winds, and the clouds subservient between heaven and earth, there are Signs for people who use their intellect. (Surat al-Baqara: 164)
Evolution's Bipedalism Quandary
As already made clear, thanks to a perfect bone structure and a flawless skeleton, we are able to perform almost any action we choose without difficulty. How do evolutionists try to account for this?
Evolutionists maintain that our bipedalism evolved from apes' four-footed gait. This claim is quite impossible for a great many reasons.
First, a huge gulf separating human anatomy from primates' is that humans walk upright on two legs—a unique method of walking. Other living things have a skeletal structure that leans forward, and they walk on four legs, rising onto two legs only in cases of need, leaving them with a limited capability of movement.
It will be useful to point out that these claims by evolutionists are actually inconsistent, because according to their general logic, there is a general progression towards improvement over time. In other words, it's no advantage for a living thing to abandon some good feature and thereby regress. For monkeys, walking on four legs permits easier, faster and more productive movement. To compare the capabilities of humans and animals, it is impossible for a man to swing from tree to tree, or to run like the cheetah at 125 kilometers (77.6 miles) per hour. From that point of view, evolution is self-contradictory. According to its logic, monkeys have nothing to gain from walking on two legs.
Another point that invalidates the concept of evolution toward bipedalism is that it's incompatible with the gradual development model proposed by Darwin. According to this claim, a creature that walked on four legs, later began walking on both four legs and two, and gradually came to walk on two legs alone. However, it is impossible for such a progression to have happened. The paleontologist Robin Crompton performed a study on that very subject and concluded that a living thing will either be able to walk completely on four legs, or else completely upright (Ruth Henke, "Aufrecht aus den Baumen," Focus, Vol. 39, 1996, p. 178). An intermediate gait between walking on two legs and four will consume excessive energy.
Research has proved that the ape's forward-leaning skeleton could not have evolved into a human's suited to walking on two. Indeed, some evolutionists are aware of this, and refer to human beings' emergence as a mystery. The evolutionary paleoanthropologist Elaine Morgan, for instance, cites four major mysteries that cannot be unraveled in terms of evolution:
Four of the most outstanding mysteries about humans are:
1) Why do they walk on two legs?
2) Why have they lost their fur?
3) Why have they developed such large brains?
4) Why did they learn to speak?
The orthodox answers to these questions are:
1) "We do not yet know";
2) "We do not yet know";
3) "We do not yet know'"
4) "We do not yet know'"
The list of questions could be considerably lengthened without affecting the monotony of the answers. (Elaine Morgan, The Scars of Evolution, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 5.)
The Cage That Protects the Brain: The Skull
1. Forehead bone
2. Nasal bone
3. Upper jawbone
4. Lower jawbone
5. Facial bone
6. Temporalis
7. Brain cavity
8. Nasal cavity
9. Site of middle and inner ears in the temple
10. Foetus skull
Allah creates human beings with superior attributes at all periods of their lives. For example, an adult's skull must be strong and hard. However, a newborn's skull lacks the hardness of an adult's—a most important precaution that prevents the skull being damaged during birth. Allah is He Who creates everything in the wisest manner.
The skull, a fusion of eight separate bones, surrounds the brain, affording it the most excellent protection. Just as bones in the body have different properties according to their location, so the skull has its own unique creation. Unlike other bones, the sutures where the skull's bones join together bear protrusions and indentations, because the skull bones' fusion points are created to be able to lie alongside one another.
In adults, the skull is very hard and strong, but completely different in newborn babies. The skull of a baby that has only recently left its mother's womb has a soft structure, and the eight bones comprising the skull have not yet joined together. This might seem a disadvantage as far as health is concerned, but is actually a most important feature that preserves the baby's life during birth.72 If its skull had a hard bony structure, with no gaps between the component bones, there would be a high risk of the baby's head being crushed during birth. But because of the cartilaginous nature of a baby's skull, the bones are flexible enough to bend.
Flexibility by itself is not enough, of course. The skull also needs room to expand — provided by the gaps in the skull that are not yet closed until after birth. The bones of the skull squeeze together to close this gap, and even slide over one another, decreasing the skull's volume. In this way, the baby is born safely after passing through a birth canal only half the diameter of the baby's head.
What if none of these were to apply? For instance, if the skull bones were still flexible but there were no gap between them, or the exact opposite—if there were a gap, but the bones were not flexible—then in either case, the baby's brain would suffer enormous damage. It is essential that both these properties be present at the moment of birth. Yet there is one very important factor here: the mother's pelvic bones.
Toward the final months of pregnancy, a woman's pelvic bones expand and separate slightly from one another. This means that the baby can be born without its head being crushed.
Every feature in the human body has been created in order to protect health and to prevent any damage. The question here is, "How did the clearly visible planning, and the creation manifested within it, come into being?" The only answer is that this incomparable creation belongs to Allah, Who created and laid out in order everything in the universe. Allah possesses a most superior intelligence. Everyone who can understand His infinite intelligence and draws conclusions from that will achieve true salvation. A person's duty is to consider these blessings that Allah has created inside him and to give thanks for them. Allah loves the grateful.
... Allah shows favor to humanity, but most of them are not thankful.(Surah Yunus: 60)
69.Montgomery, Biochemistry, pp. 567-568.
70. Brand & Yancey, 1980, p. 91.
71.S Prof. Dr. Ahmet Noyan, Yasamda ve Hekimlikte Fizyoloji ("Physiology in Life and in the Field of Medicine"), pp.1046-1047.
72.Marshall Cavendish, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of The Human Body, p. 40.


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18th April 2012
This post is one in a series where I'm going to take each of Sarah Bakewell's twenty attempts at Montainge's answer to the question 'how to live' and re-interpret them as an answer to the question 'how to be a leader'. If that baffles you (and if you haven't read the rest of the series, why wouldn't it?), you can read my explanation here. You can find earlier posts in the series under the 'How to be a Leader' category in the navigation bar to the left.
How to be a leader? A: Do your best
Montaigne enjoyed his time abroad. We know that both from his writing and from the time he was away – nearly 18 months. He may have stayed longer had he not received a summons to return to Bordeaux where he had been elected in his absence to take up the Mayoralty of the town: a big deal and a big job for the time but not one he had sought or welcomed when it arrived. He wrote refusing, almost like Boris Johnson standing down in its unlikeliness, but his refusal was not accepted and the King wrote personally: 'you will be doing a thing very agreeable to me, and the contrary would greatly displease me'. No getting out of this one, then, but he returned at his own pace, taking nearly two months to get back to Bordeaux and seemed determined when he got there that the job would be done on his terms, no-one else's.
The previous Mayor had been unpopular and Montaigne was in turnaround mode. True to his sceptical roots, he followed a Pyrrhonian principle in lending his ears to everyone, his mind to no-one and protecting his integrity above all. He found allies rather than friends, worked diligently and intelligently, was praised for his grace under pressure. At a time when political and religious turmoil was the norm he managed a long period of peace and calm and was re-elected after four years – an unlikely event that was testament to his success. Of course, he was not without his critics. 'Too lax and disengaged' they said, 'too blunt, too direct'. 'Judge me by my results', was a summary of his reply and about his style he said this:
"I hate to seem a flatterer so I naturally drop into a plain, blunt way of speaking. I honour most those to whom I seem to show the least honour and I pander least to those that I have given myself the most. It seems to me that those close to me should read me best and judge me by my deeds, not my words'.
I was once offered a role I didn't want. Happy in HR, a weak senior leader with a big problem coerced me into bolting Customer Service onto my already full desk on some entirely specious strategy which looked more like panic to me. Like Montainge, I tried 'no' and like Montainge, it didn't work. In retrospect I should have tested my strength with another 'no' but I did the worst thing by demonstrating my reluctance through some initial half-heartedness. There was also some obvious lop-sidedness in my attention to the HR and L&D teams that I'd built to deliver the plans we'd agreed over the service guys that I'd not recruited in a mess that I'd not made. It took me a full quarter of the year to recognise that my position was unsustainable – misery and underperformance in half your working life is dangerously infectious – and adjust my attitude to something closer to my best. Over time and with attention, things got fixed. Over time, I was able to pass a stable service function to someone else. My hard-won conclusion then and now is that your first duty as a leader is to your own performance – no matter how unwelcome the role the business asks of you, delivering performance gives you choices: underperformance gives you none.
So to those that aspire to leadership I say, learn from Montaigne. Lend your ears to everyone and your mind to no-one. Protect your integrity above all and always do your best.


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The Chestnuthill Township Board of Supervisors voted Tuesday to hire someone with extensive experience in regional planning as the new director of the Chestnuthill Township Planning Commission.
The Chestnuthill Township Board of Supervisors voted Tuesday to hire someone with extensive experience in regional planning as the new director of the Chestnuthill Township Planning Commission.
In a unanimous vote, the supervisors hired Matt Neeb, who has sat on the Monroe County Planning Commission, to lead the nine-member planning commission. He will be paid $48,000 plus benefits.
Neeb, who will also take on the role of Chestnuthill Township zoning codes enforcement officer as part of the job, will aid the planning commission in its efforts to increase economic development.
"This guy's really got the chops, and we think he'll be perfect for the job," said Chestnuthill Township Supervisor David Fleetwood.
Fleetwood said the supervisors were first attracted to Neeb, who is currently a senior planner with the county, when they worked with him on a joint municipal planning committee whose members include Chestnuthill, Eldred, Jackson and Ross townships.
The joint committee, known as CEJR, was formed to make the zoning laws in the four townships more uniform and to help the townships make the right choices when it comes to zoning laws.
CEJR has prevented the proliferation of junk yards in Chestnuthill, Eldred, Jackson and Ross townships, supervisors said.
Neeb was the committee's county liaison and showed a deep understanding of zoning laws and how those laws affect people, supervisors said.
Neeb, 32, says he hopes to use his expertise to build on the township's goal of making the area more friendly to pedestrians and motorists. He hopes to increase the number of sidewalks in the township. He wants to make sure that new buildings are built closer to the road and store parking is located behind businesses instead of in front of them.
Neeb says he will also use his knowledge in economics and city planning to help spur growth and economic development in Effort, Brodheadsville and other villages in Chestnuthill Township.
"I think Chestnuthill has great potential and I love how the officials in the township are a really great team players," said Neeb.
He said Chestnuthill also pays close attention to citizens' recommendations and implements them around the planning table.
An example is the traffic relief that occurred after Firehouse Lane was built.
Neeb will leave his county job in early March and will start at Chestnuthill soon after that.


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Post-game breakdown, video: Maine
Doubt that many people predicted UConn would be 9-0 at the exam break.
The Huskies just keep winning.
They mauled Maine, 95-68, on Friday night at the XL Center.
They started a bit slow before roaring to life about midway through the first half. They had a 23-point lead at halftime and led by as many as 39 in the second half.
"That's an awfully good basketball team that's going to do a lot of damage as they go forward throughout the season,"Maine coach Ted Woodward said.
Here's a post-game breakdown and video:
-- Check out the attached video of coach Kevin Ollie's press conference. Sorry for the few shaky spots.
-- The Huskies converted a season-high 14 3-pointers. That's one shy of tying program record for 3-pointers in a game. They had 15 against Hartford in 1997,
In the last two games, UConn has hit an impressive 25 shots from beyond the arc.
"It's really execution and making sure you take the right shot, "senior Niels Giffey explained of his team's 3-point shooting prowess.
Both DeAndre Daniels and Lasan Kromah each went 3-for-3 from distance.
The Huskies shot 53.3 percent overall, 56 percent from three.
-- All 12 scholarship players scored on Friday. Junior Ryan Boatright (17), Daniels (16), sophomore Omar Calhoun (16) and Giffey (12) hit double figures.
"Everybody came in and made an impact on the game," coach Kevin Ollie said.
Calhoun ended a streak of five straight games without reaching 10 points. He had made just 7 of his last 31 shots prior to Friday's game.
He took a team-high 12 shots, sinking five.
"I knew I was going to have to shoot my way out of the funk that I was in," Calhoun said.
-- Senior Shabazz Napier joined an elite club. He became the fourth Husky to pile up 1,000 points and 500 assists in his career. Doron Sheffer, Taliek Brown and Tate George are the others.
Napier focused on setting up his teammates against Maine, dishing out eight assists. He also had seven points, five rebounds and four steals in 22 minutes.
-- Ollie rested his starters for the majority of the season half. Freshman Kentan Facey took advantage of his extra playing time to grab a career-best nine rebounds and also had four points in career-high 18 minutes.
"One person I'm very proud of is Kentan, stepping up," Ollie said. "He's one of the guys who hasn't been getting a lot of playing time. … It's not all about the game, it's about his attitude and how he's preparing. That shows you that he's ready."
-- Remember last year when UConn used to freeze up against a zone defense?
Not anymore.
Add Maine to the growing list of teams that failed to slow down the Huskies by playing zone. Boatright and Napier are doing a good job penetrating the zone and then kicking it back out to open shooters.
"We played against it so much last year that we figured out how to do it and what we need to do to beat (zone) and make them come out of it," Boatright said.
The Huskies also have more perimeter weapons than last year.
-- Ollie said the Huskies played a "great game." His only complaint had to do with his team's free throw shooting. They converted just 17 of 28, or 60.7 percent.
-- Daniels missed just one shot all night, and that came from the foul line. He went 6-for-6 from the field and 1-for-2 from the free throw line.
-- Freshman center Amida Brimah had a typical stat line for him – four blocks, three points, two rebounds and three fouls.
-- About the only surprise of the night came in the opening five minutes when Maine grabbed an 8-5 lead. The rest of the game belonged to the Huskies.
-- UConn improved to 18-0 against former Jim Calhoun assistant coaches. Woodward served on Calhoun's staff from 1986-89.
-- Former UConn center Jake Voskuhl attended the game.
-- The Huskies are off for a 12-day exam break, returning to action on Dec. 18 when they host Stanford.
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Mainstream Press Journalism of Appeasement, Corruption, Smoke and Mirrors
By: David DeGraw
Market Oracle
Here's a brief summation of my recent reporting: If we continue to let our politicians and wealthy members of society live in comfort, free from the consequences of their actions, we are complicit in our own demise.
Our country is so overrun with corruption, we cannot remain passive and expect things to get any better.
The economy is propped up by smoke and mirrors and will inevitably collapse. Without immediately breaking up the banks and holding the thieves accountable, we will continue on our downward spiral with increasingly severe and devastating consequences.
These are extremely unpleasant truths that we are now forced to confront. We have to act now. If you are not calling for revolution or organizing, you are either unaware of what's happening around you, horribly naïve or a fascist sympathizer.
In response to statements like those above, I've been exchanging emails with colleagues (journalists and news editors) who have become "uncomfortable" with my reporting style and been saying some variation of the following: "You're being too radical. This is too extreme for us to publish."
While I appreciate their opinions, I want to make something 100% clear. I am fully aware that these words are harsh, and may turn off some people. However, in extreme times, telling the truth will make you sound extreme. Ultimately, I don't mind if you think I sound "too extreme," I don't care if I make people "uncomfortable," or if, in your opinion, I've become "too radical." Try telling that to the 52 million Americans who are now living in poverty. Tell that to the millions of American families who have lost their homes and jobs. Tell that to the 59 million people who can't afford health insurance. Tell that to the overwhelming majority of the population who are stressed out, living paycheck to paycheck, buried in debt they will never get out of and desperately struggling to make ends meet.
The Rest…HERE


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Saudi Arabian lawmakers are debating making a switch from beheading with a sword to a firing squad when carrying out public executions, authorities said.
Ministers from a number of different departments of the Saudi Arabian government are investigating whether a firing squad makes more sense than beheading by a sword, Gulf News reported Sunday.
A local official told Arabic daily al Youm: "A specialized committee made up of representatives from the ministries of interior, justice and health as well as the commissions of investigation and prosecution, the public security and the prison general directorate are looking into a study that replaces beheading by a firing squad."
The official said a major reason for the switch is that there are a limited number of executioners by the sword.
"They are not readily available everywhere and on some occasions, executions were marred by confusion as the executioner was late in showing up at the designated public place, causing confusion and sparking speculation and rumors," the official said.
So far this year, 15 people have been executed in Saudi Arabia, Gulf News said. Offenses that are punishable by execution in the country include murder, rape, armed robbery, repeated drug use, apostasy, false prophecy, witchcraft and sorcery.
Via SyndiGate.info
Copyright © UPI, 2019. All Rights Reserved.


text: Students in Austin wanting to pursue post-doctoral courses in advanced dental disciplines should be aware that the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio is the closest school to Austin that offers a DDS program, as well as advanced dental studies. The campus is located about 50 miles southwest of Austin, and offers programs ranging from AEGD to Pediatric Dentistry. The university also administers externships, fellowships and residency programs in the areas of General Practice, Orthodontics, Dental Public Health and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Dentistry students in Austin can also consider the dental hygienist program offered by Austin Community College which allows candidates to earn an associate of applied science degree. Students just outside of Austin can investigate other options for a dental education, such as the dental hygiene curriculum in Temple, 50 miles north of Austin, at Temple College and the dental assisting program at San Antonio College for students wanting to earn their associate of applied science degree. Students in Austin starting out to become dental assistants can consider such a program at the National Institute of Technology which also provides students with career planning and placement assistance upon graduation. Dental students in the Austin area will have ample opportunities for employment upon completion of their studies.


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Kamala Harris: Concerns about my prosecutorial record "overblown"
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12 simple ways to prevent a heart attack
Can stress hurt your heart?
The evidence is piling up that the answer is - yes, stress is bad for your ticker.
"There are studies to show that stress is comparable to other risk factors that we traditionally think of as major, like hypertension, poor diet, and lack of exercise," says Dr. Kathi Heffner, assistant professor of psychiatry at the Rochester Center for Mind-Body Research at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York.
Here, from our friends at
, are 12 steps you can take to fight stress and protect your heart.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Focus on relaxation
Stress-reduction techniques and exercises such as yoga, meditation, and tai chi have been shown to lower stress hormones and bolster immune function, says Heffner.
In one study, people who practiced yoga regularly experienced a decrease in some of their body's inflammatory responses. Inflammation is emerging as a key culprit in heart disease, among many other chronic conditions.
"Dedicating a certain time of the day to focus on your body and on actually relaxing, (not) caring about the other things that are going on your day, is very useful," says Dr. John Simmons Jr., assistant professor of family medicine at Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Connect with friends
Spending too much time on your own can affect not only your mental health but your heart health as well. This holds true whether or not you've been actually diagnosed with heart disease.
According to one study, women in particular were more prone to angina, a heart-disease-related chest pain, and other problems if they had little social support when they were recovering from a heart attack.
So get out and about. However, make sure you're connecting with true friends. "If you have a lot of friends but they're all mean to you, that won't be beneficial," Heffner says. And that's backed up by research.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Forget perfect
We all know that the type A personality - the one constantly striving for perfection - seems more prone to heart disease. But what it really boils down to, says Heffner, is hostility. "Hostility has been shown to be the key ingredient in what used to be termed the type A personality," she says. "Hostility is behavior that's fueled by anger toward other people." Research suggests that hostility may be a better predictor of heart disease than things like high blood pressure and being overweight.
So play nice and think nice thoughts about the future, as optimism has also been shown to protect the heart.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Don't hold grudges
Nursing a grudge isn't going to help in the heart-health department. Research suggests that people experience more psychological stress and higher heart rates when they hold grudges than when they grant forgiveness.
"You would be amazed at how strongly they can take root in your psyche and how long they can gnaw at you. Getting that monkey off your back psychologically is very important, and allows you to move on and quit perseverating," Dr. Simmons says.
So be quick to forgive. This is also likely to lead to better social relationships, another boost for the heart, Heffner says.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Lighten up
Laughter can burn up to 20% more calories than keeping that poker face, according to a 2005 study, which monitored adults while they watched funny and not-so-funny film clips.
And fewer calories, as we all know, mean a better chance of staying slim, which is one of the best ways to protect your heart for the long-term. Mirth also increased heart rate and, in a 2010 study in the American Journal of Cardiology, was shown to improve vascular function. So laugh a little or, better yet, a lot. The first study found that the more you laugh, the more calories you use up and the harder your heart works.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Don't drink (too much) alcohol
Having too many drinks can raise triglycerides and blood pressure and even lead to heart failure. However, moderate drinking may actually ward off heart disease. Moderate means no more than one drink a day for women and two for men.
If you don't drink, this isn't a reason to start, according to Dr. Simmons. "But if you have always enjoyed a glass of wine and want reassurance, it's perfectly fine," he says.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Cut the caffeine
Caffeine can quickly raise your fight-or-flight response and all the attendant stress hormones, explains Dr. Simmons. That's good if you're being chased by a saber-toothed tiger but not so good if you're caught in traffic.
Elevated stress hormones contribute to inflammation. So cut down on your coffee or tea habit. And even your diet soda habit. Preliminary studies have linked diet sodas to an increased risk of diabetes, a major risk factor for heart disease.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Limit emotional involvement
Not with people! But avoid getting too emotionally invested in things that don't matter that much.
For example, researchers recently
linked football team losses with a greater risk of heart attack.
In Los Angeles County, deaths from heart attacks and just deaths in general (mostly in elderly people) spiked after the Pittsburgh Steelers routed the Los Angeles Rams 31-19 in the 1980
Super Bowl
. But when the Rams pounced the Washington Redskins 38-9 in 1984, deaths in the county declined. So don't sweat the small stuff and remember that it's all small stuff.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Eat right
Eating a balanced diet - low in red meat and processed foods, high in fruits and vegetables, poultry, fish, and whole grains - will not only keep your weight down but also have a more direct effect on the heart's functioning: It keeps your blood sugar stable throughout the day so you can avoid destructive peaks and valleys. "Eating a more balanced diet with complex carbs means you're going to be stable throughout the day," Dr. Simmons says. "You're not going to have a carb high, then a drop down. Your mood isn't going to fluctuate."
Healthy eating can help prevent or delay diabetes, a major risk factor for heart trouble.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Seek help for depression
Depression can increase the risk of heart disease and may shorten life span. If you're depressed, medication, psychotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy, and other treatments may help. The Cleveland Clinic recommends antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, such as Prozac and Zoloft) because they don't raise blood pressure.
But ask your doctor if this is the best drug for your depression and make sure you know about any interactions.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Get some sleep
So many people in our sleep-deprived culture just aren't getting enough z's, or enough of the right kind of rest. An average of six to eight hours of sleep is recommended, according to Dr. Simmons.
However, quality of sleep is key. Sleep apnea - a condition in which you wake up periodically due to interrupted breathing - has been linked with cardiovascular disease.
People who awake in the middle of the night from sleep apnea are unable to complete normal sleep cycles, a time when the body naturally lowers hormone levels and blood pressure. This can lead to hypertension and heart disease.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters
Exercise more
Want a cure-all? Try aerobic exercises like running, walking, swimming, and even dancing. These activities help you feel better, lower your risk for diabetes, and make your heart stronger, a trifecta of health benefits. Exercise can also help depression.
Study after study has shown the benefits of physical activity, even active housework or gardening. The reason? It pumps your heart, moving blood all around the body.
The American Heart Association recommends exercising aerobically at least 30 minutes all or most days of the week. But talk to your doctor before hitting the track.
More from Health.com: The 7 Best Fat-Blasters


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DIMENSIONS: 18" x 11" x 2"


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New Dons head coach David "Morgan" Montaño remembers what it was like to play in front of large crowds while he was a member of the Dons basketball program in the mid '80s, and he says the fans won many a game for the Dons in those days.
He wants for his players to feel the same thing and wants the Dons' fans to know how much they mean to the program.
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Livingston, NJ Activities
Westminster Hotel is located in the heart of Livingston, New Jersey– just 20 minutes from Newark Liberty International Airport and 20 miles west of New York City. Train access is conveniently nearby and runs directly into Penn Station in midtown Manhattan.
Situated in a lovely, upscale area of North New Jersey, Westminster Hotel is bordered by the neighboring towns of Florham Park, Short Hills, East Hanover, Parsippany, Basking Ridge, Morristown, Chatham, Warren and Whippany.
New Jersey Hotel Near Manhattan
Visiting Westminster Hotel places guests within minutes of many attractions and area businesses, including world-class shopping at The Mall at Short Hills, Broadway-caliber theater at the Paper Mill Playhouse and an array of fabulous restaurants.


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Loyola at a Glance
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Music industry forum series continues with Johnny Sketch and the Dirty Notes
March 9, 2012
The music industry studies program at Loyola University New Orleans presents Johnny Sketch and the Dirty Notes, in "Friends, Funk and Fortitude," a forum about their lives, music and success as one of New Orleans' favorite local funk/rock bands on Monday, March 12 at 5 p.m. in Nunemaker Auditorium in Monroe Hall. The forum, which is part of the weekly "Get Inforumed" series, is free and open to the public and will be streamed live online at http://www.cfmae.org/category/forums/.
Founded in 2001, Johnny Sketch and the Dirty Notes is a collective of a group of friends from Loyola's College of Music and Fine Arts. The current roster includes drummer Andre Bohren, guitarist/vocalist Marc Paradis '02 (aka Johnny Sketch), bassist Dave Pomerleau, trumpeter Omar Ramirez '02 and saxophonist Andre Mouton '06.
All classically trained musicians, the band got their start when they steered away from classical music to win the Loyola Battle of the Bands in 2001 with a unique blend of funk and rock music. Since then, they've established an impressive reputation, complete with carefully crafted alter egos, occasional bizarre costumes and an ongoing stream of odd antics.
Regular gigs at local venues like Tipitina's and the Maple Leaf Bar, consistent appearances at the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival, along with constant touring, have helped the band create a devout following throughout the region, especially in New Orleans and on the East Coast. Their discography to date includes three studio albums and "Live at the Spleaf," recorded onstage at the Maple Leaf Bar.
"Get Inforumed," a weekly forum throughout the spring featuring experienced music professionals from across the industry, is organized by Loyola students with a mind for arts and entrepreneurship. Each forum is designed to excite the community of creative minds and art entrepreneurs through conversations, with the most experienced, sincere and relatable professionals in the industry.
Other speakers scheduled for the spring "Get Inforumed" series include:
March 26
James Willis – "When Visual Art and Music Collide"
Willis is a post-modern impressionist cityscape painter and sculptor, best known for his intimate portraits of New York City. In November 2011, he became the inaugural recipient of Gibson Custom Guitars' new Artist in Residence program in Nashville. The first initiative of its kind in the musical-instrument industry, the program was established to inspire fine art through the support of established and emerging artists. Following the completion of his residency, Willis will remain an integral part of the program as chairman and aid in the selection process of future artists.
April 16
Rich Holtzman – "Portugal. The Man(ager)"
Holtzman has managed the Oregon rock band, Portugal. The Man, for five years. Since its inception, he has helped the band grow a strong following of millions of fans and develop close relationships with them through social media. He also worked with the band to develop a creative marketing plan that has proven extremely successful.
April 23
Jesse von Doom – "Cash Music: Open Source Digital Tools"
At the intersection of technology and DIY culture, von Doom helps creative people go digital. Spending part of his time with the creative team, Dutchmoney, and part at CASH Music, a nonprofit organization that builds open source digital tools for musicians and labels, von Doom is completely committed to empowering artists to take control of the Internet.
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For the latest updates about Loyola University New Orleans, follow us on Twitter @LoyolaNOLANews or become a fan on Facebook at www.facebook.com/loyno.
Loyola at a Glance is written and distributed for the faculty, staff, students and friends of Loyola University New Orleans. It is published by the Office of Public Affairs, Greenville Hall, Box 909, 7214 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118. (504) 861-5888.
Information to be included in Loyola at a Glance must be received 2-3 weeks in advance of the publication date. Send us your news here.


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Back on July 30 when Carrboro High began practice, coach Jason Tudryn was at a loss about what to expect from his Jaguars, who were preparing for only their sixth season playing football.
Back on July 30 when Carrboro High began practice, coach Jason Tudryn was at a loss about what to expect from his Jaguars, who were preparing for only their sixth season playing football.
Nearly four months later, how about no losses?
�To be completely honest with you, we had no idea,� Tudryn said. �That�s a tribute to these guys. Everybody sets goals to be a champion, and these guys have done a great job of taking every week as its own opportunity.
�This is a new school. We�re only in our sixth season. This team has kind of gone out and said, �Hey, we want to be a conference champion and then we�ll take it from there,� and they�ve played extremely hard every week.�
Hard is an understatement for a team that Tudryn said features 24 varsity players � some JVs were called up during the playoffs � and seven that go both ways.
The Jaguars are 14-0 heading into Friday night�s NCHSAA 2-AA East Regional final at Northside, which his also 14-0. So something has to give in a clash for the right to advance to the state finals on Dec. 1 at Carter-Finley Stadium in Raleigh.
Carrboro rallied to beat Reidsville 20-16 last Friday night to advance to the regional final.
In going undefeated and winning the Carolina 9 2-A/1-A Conference, Carrboro has run up some gaudy offensive numbers out of its spread attack, which is putting up 41.4 points a game and has scored more than 50 points in seven games.
Quarterback Alex McVeigh, a 5-foot-11, 190-pound senior, leads the Jaguars, having completed 56.2 percent of his passes (100 of 178) for 2,105 yards while also having run for 347 yards. His No. 1 target is 6-2, 205-pound junior wide receiver Marlin Johnson, who has 1,163 yards receiving and 13 touchdowns. Three other players have more than 200 yards receiving as well.
On the ground, Carrboro is led by Trai Sharp, a 5-9, 185-pound sophomore who was on the varsity as a freshman, has rushed for 2,244 yards and 33 touchdowns. Douglas Parrish, a 5-9, 175-pound senior, has rushed for 662 yards and 19 TDs.
�We�ve got a couple really good football players,� Tudryn said. �But it really starts with an offensive line that�s started I want to say now 22 consecutive football games. So that really helps. That kind of sums it up for you right there.�
Defensively, the Jaguars� base scheme is a 4-3-4, but look for them to add some numbers to bolster its frontline against Northside�s strong running game. Up front, Carrboro is led by 6-3, 285-pound junior Ezavian Dunn and 6-0, 240-pound sophomore Luis Funes while 6-1, 220-pound senior Scott Peretin leads the linebacking corps.
The secondary is led by 5-9, 165-pound senior Shamek Dolby, who has six interceptions.
Given the lack of numbers, which Tudryn said included �a total� of 46 football players in the entire school, the coach said the Jaguars were �a real close group of guys.�
�It�s a really hard working group,� he said. �That number epitomizes where we�re at. We�ve got a lot of overachieving players play that play really hard. I guess that kind of sums us up.�
While Sharp figures �to be on the map soon enough� when it comes to college recruiters, Tudryn said most of his players are �blue-collar, hard-working guys� who aren�t likely to show up on television in college games on Saturday afternoons.
Much like Northside, which Tudryn said shared �a ton of similarities� with his team.
When asked about the Monarchs, Tudryn pointed to running back Dewayne Johnson, whom he called �a really good high school football player.� Ditto for wide receiver Josh Cabrera. Overall, he added, Northside is a team that plays extremely hard and is �extremely� competitive.
�So we�ve got our work cut out for us,� he said.
Do the Monarchs remind him of any team his Jaguars faced this year?
�Not really,� Tudryn said. �To be 14-0 at this point of the game, you�ve got to have something that really just doesn�t stick out on film or something that�s just kind of intangible, and they�ve got it.
�You can see how they win football games, whether it�d be on special teams, defensive interceptions and returns for touchdown. They just find a way to win. That�s what they�ve been really good at. And we�ve been blessed to be that way as well.
�It�s going to be one of those types of games where it comes down to who makes the least amount of mistakes and who executes in crucial situations.�


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IDT (InSync Dance Theatre), an affiliate company of Hope College, on Saturday, April 10, will present its second annual repertory workshop focused on tap and jazz dance for middle and high school students who are interested in experiencing both traditional and cutting-edge choreography.
The workshop will run from 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Registration includes tickets to one of IDT's performances at the Knickerbocker Theatre on either Friday, April 9, or Saturday, April 10, at 8 p.m.
Rhythm 2010 is open to intermediate and advanced dancers who are interested in working beyond technique by learning selections from IDT's annual concert. Dancers will work in HopeCollege's studios with IDT choreographers, directors and dancers.
For a day, participants will live the collegiate dance experience complete with four repertory classes, lunch at the dining hall, tickets to IDT's concert, and a chance to tap on-stage with the company to close the concert.
The cost is $75 per dancer. Two schedules of classes are available; one that includes tap and several styles of jazz, and another for non-tappers emphasizing various styles of jazz dance. Participants may choose to attend either the Friday or Saturday night performance.
Registration materials are available at www.hope.edu/rhythm. Additional information about the workshop is available by contacting Rosanne Mork (Barton-DeVries) at email@example.com or the college's department of dance at (616) 395-7700.


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You'll light up the road when you cruise around with any of the signature Louisville Cardinals car flags available from FansEdge.com. Our extensive collection of Louisville Cardinals car and truck flags will create an upscale aesthetic for your sweet ride that will be unrivaled by anything else on the street. Any of the exclusive Louisville pieces offered in our shop are an excellent way to demonstrate your fashion forward personality when you're driving around town.
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The Westminster College Science in Motion program provides elementary, middle and high school students with laboratory experiences with modern instrumentation and offers their teachers professional development opportunities through workshops and mentoring links with college faculty. The Science vehicles at Westminster College will transport scientific equipment and instruments to participating teachers in order for them to increase understanding of the science concepts they are teaching.
In meeting these goals, the SIM program directly addresses several areas of critical need in Pennsylvania's science classrooms. Regarding equipment and supplies, there is general agreement that hands-on activities in a science classroom greatly enhance the learning process for students. However, few science teachers in our state have the resources to run an effective laboratory program. SIM essentially gives participating high school and middle school science teachers access to an equipment storeroom with more than $200 K of modern laboratory equipment.
The Science in Motion program includes in its yearly schedule a substantial professional development component for teachers that strengthens content knowledge and provides a direct mentoring link with natural science faculty. Another need for teachers is time. Most science teachers are assigned to teach multiple subjects during the day, and there is little time for them to prepare for laboratory experiments, even when equipment is available. SIM meets this need with laboratory experiments and equipment to be used in the classroom.
Science in Motion Gateway Site
Associations, Societies and Foundations
Grant and Scholarship Opportunities
Operations Coordinator
Lori Martin at:
231 Hoyt Science Center
New Wilmington, PA 16172
phone: (724) 946-6298


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This is not an offer for credit and should be used for estimation purposes only based on the information you provided. You should not base your decision on this estimate alone. Title, registration, tax and other fees, and personal circumstances such as employment status and personal credit history, were not considered in the calculations.
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SCECGS Redlands
Semiotic images in society present me with paths that differ from the life I lead. They seem to guide me from conflict to resolution, but are mental illusions in the narrative of modern urban living: the labyrinth. We sometimes feel the urge to escape the city, but this illusion merely proves the all-permeating nature of deception.
The Apeiron is a cosmological theory of creation, embracing opposites like light and dark, real and unreal. It relates to my piece by being the link between the fictitious works we see in the world and the world that surrounds us in everyday life.


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First Drop!
Vocal start
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World wide known dj/producer supported from various style artists such as Paul Oakenfold,Gareth Emery,Cristian Varela,Joseph Capriati,Dave Angle,Markantonio,Markus Schulz,Mark Sherry,Will Atkinson,Bryan Kearney,Kobbe...
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An interception and 65-yard return by Terrell Thomas set up an Andre Brown touchdown to give the Giants a 21-20 lead late in the third quarter.
The play came on a forced third-and-2 pass from Terrelle Pryor when the Raiders had the potential of at least getting a field goal attempt and taking a 23-14 lead. The Raiders earlier from their own 20 to the Giants 1′ with a first down only to have to settle for a 24-yard Sebastian Janikowski field goal.


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LG Electronics and Microsoft have announced that they are teaming up to provide customers with a free selection of quality applications for LG customers with Windows Phone 7 handsets. LG and Microsoft will subsidize a revolving portfolio of hand-picked applications, providing free access to quality applications that take advantage of the unique features and design of Windows Phone 7.
Selected Windows Phone application developers will be provided with exclusive marketing opportunities and resources to promote their applications with LG. Developers of selected applications will benefit from promotional support through LG's marketing presence and Microsoft's Windows Phone Marketplace. LG will promote the new applications through in-store sales events and on the LG Mobile Global Facebook page, creating a larger market for developers and bringing them closer to their audiences.
LG and Microsoft will offer Windows Phone 7 applications across popular categories including social connectivity, gaming, and helpful utilities. Ten free applications with a value of more than $30 will be given away every 60 days. LG's Windows Phone 7 customers can download these applications for free (for a period of 60 days) via the LG Application Store, which will be accessible directly from LG Windows Phone 7 models.
According to Chang Ma, vice president of the Mobile Communications Marketing Strategy Team at LG, "Microsoft's commitment to the developer community is well known and respected in the industry, and we look forward to seeing this partnership with Microsoft lead to greater things."
"We built the new Windows Phone Marketplace to create new business opportunities for developers and partners alike," said Brandon Watson, director for Windows Phone at Microsoft. "This collaboration with LG creates a win-win situation for consumers and developers and will further showcase the variety of quality games and applications available on Windows Phone 7."
LG and Microsoft's developer program will kick off this month. More information can be found here .


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Levi CashRequest Him Follow
Model Information
Levi Cash may have picked a bad time to get into the mortgage business in 2007, but when he returned to his previous job--dancing in a male strip club--his timing was perfect! In less than a month, he'd been scouted by an adult talent agent to film his first ever porn scene. Levi confesses, "Never in a million years did I ever actually think that I would become a male pornstar." But once he was in the industry, his natural talent and clean-cut good looks propelled him all the way to the top! Over the course of his career spanning a decade in the industry, Levi has not only performed for some of the biggest studios in the industry, he's also worked his way up to directing and producing. An A-list talent who can film up to four scenes a day, Levi is also one of the hottest new directors in the biz, cementing his reputation as one of the porn industry's heavy hitters. This stud is a true workaholic, but when he's not on set, on either side of the camera, he can usually be found kicking back and relaxing, preferably on a boat. Check out Levi's iconic role as the Milf Hunter, as well as plenty more of his hot scenes, right here.
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