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Gitweb is the default web interface provided with git itself and is the basis for other git scripts like cgit, gitosis and others.
To install gitweb you fitst have to install git and a webserver. For this example we use apache but you can also use others:
pacman -S git apache
Next you need to link the current gitweb default to your webserver location. In this example i use the default folder locations:
ln -s /usr/share/gitweb /srv/http/gitweb
That's it for the "installation". Next is the configuration.
Add the following to the end of you /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<Directory "/srv/http/gitweb"> DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi Allow from all AllowOverride all Order allow,deny Options ExecCGI <Files gitweb.cgi> SetHandler cgi-script </Files> SetEnv GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/conf.d/gitweb.conf </Directory>
You can put the configuration in it's own config file in /etc/httpd/conf/extra/ but that's up to you to decide.
If you're using lighttpd, make sure mod_alias, mod_redirect, mod_cgi and mod_setenv are loaded. Add the following to /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf:
setenv.add-environment = ( "GITWEB_CONFIG" => "/etc/conf.d/gitweb.conf" ) url.redirect += ( "^/gitweb$" => "/gitweb/" ) alias.url += ( "/gitweb/" => "/usr/share/gitweb/" ) $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/gitweb/" { cgi.assign = (".cgi" => "") server.indexfiles = ("gitweb.cgi") }
Gitweb config
Next we need to make a gitweb config file. Open (or create if not existing) the file /etc/conf.d/gitweb.conf and place this in it:
$projectroot = "/path/to/your/repositories"; $git_temp = "/tmp"; $projects_list = $projectroot; our @git_base_url_list = qw(git://<your_server> git@<your_server>:~);
Now the the configuration is done, please restart your webserver. For apache:
/etc/rc.d/httpd restart
Or for lighttpd:
/etc/rc.d/lighttpd restart
Adding repositories
To add a repository go to your repository folder. There make your repository like so:
mkdir my_repository.git git init --bare my_repository.git/ cd my_repository.git/ touch git-daemon-export-ok echo "Short project's description" > description
Next open the "config" file and add this:
[gitweb] owner = Your Name
This will fill in the "Owner" field in gitweb. It's not required.
I assumed that you want to have this repository as "central" repository storage where you push your commits to so the git-daemon-export-ok and --bare are here to have minimal overhead and to allow the git daemon to be used on it.
That is all for making a repository. You can now see it on your http://localhost/gitweb (assuming everything went fine). You don't need to restart apache for new repositories since the gitweb cgi script simply reads your repository folder.
Git daemon
This will allow url's like "git clone git://localhost/my_repository.git".
Edit configuration file for git-dameon /etc/conf.d/git-daemon.conf (GIT_REPO is a place with your git projects), then start git-daemon with root privileges:
/etc/rc.d/git-daemon start
To run the git-daemon every time at boot, just append git-deamon to DAEMONS line in /etc/rc.conf file.
Clients can now simply use:
git clone git://localhost/my_repository.git
Git SSH
You first need to have a public SSH key. For that follow the guide at Using SSH Keys. To setup SSH itself you need to follow the SSH guide. I assume you have a public SSH key now and your SSH is working. Open your SSH key in your favorite editor (default public key name is id_rsa.pub and is located in ~/.ssh) and copy it's content (CTRL + C). Now go to your user where you have made your git repository, since we now need to allow that SSH key to login on that user to access the GIT repository. Open this file in your favorite editor (i use nano)
nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
and paste the contents of id_rsa.pub in it. Be sure it is all on one line! That is important! It should look somewhat like this:
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAAAgQCboOH6AotCh4OcwJgsB4AtXzDo9Gzhl+BAHuEvnDRHNSYIURqGN4CrP+b5Bx/iLrRFOBv58TcZz1jyJ2PaGwT74kvVOe9JCCdgw4nSMBV44cy+6cTJiv6f1tw8pHRS2H6nHC9SCSAWkMX4rpiSQ0wkhjug+GtBWOXDaotIzrFwLw== username@hostname
Now you can checkout your git repo this way (change where needed. Here it's using the git username and localhost):
git clone git@localhost:my_repository.git
You should now get an SSH yes/no question. Type yes followed by enter. Then you should have your repository checked out. Since this is with SSH you also do have commit rights now. For that look at Git and Super Quick Git Guide.
Git HTTP
This section will explain how to do a git clone over http. For now this is only reading (cloning), not writing (pushing). First you need to make your Git repositories accessable over your web server. So lets assume your git repositories are outside of the default apache documentroot. You can skip this part if they are within your apache documentroot.
Read access
Lets assume your git repositories are in /usr/git. You need to add an Alias to apache and a Directory section to make it accessable. Append the following to your /etc/httpd/conf/httpd/conf (change where your paths differ. the /git-repos is how it will be accessible in your browser like : http://localhost/git-repos):
Alias /git-repos /usr/git <Directory "/usr/git"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews ExecCGI AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory>
Save it and restart apache:
/etc/rc.d/httpd restart
Now you should see your git repositories at http://localhost/git-repos or whatever you choose as "git-repos" name in the above alias name. Next we need to do a "git update-server-info" in your local git repository. Note that you must do that where the actual git repo is created, not where you cloned it. So run this in your git repository:
git update-server-info
That command is needed to be able to clone over http so it's better to make a post-update hook for it so this command always runs when you do a push to the repository. To get that done go to your git repository in the "hooks" folder and run this:
mv post-update.sample post-update
We can do this because the default post-update.sample hook is doing exactly what we want (running git update-server-info after a commit).
Last we need to make a change to gitweb.conf to show the url for http cloning. Open gitweb.conf in your favorite editor (i use nano):
nano /etc/conf.d/gitweb.conf
Find the line (the dots resamble some content in that line:
our @git_base_url_list = qw(...)
Add something like this (again depends on what you did with the Alias in Apache):
our @git_base_url_list = qw(... http://localhost/git-repos)
That will result in clone lines like so:
git clone http://localhost/git-repos/your_repository.git
Write access
Possible sources for this part: http://kaeso.wordpress.com/2008/02/02/git-repository-with-apache-via-webdav-and-gitweb/ http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
Thanx to...
This howto was mainly based on the awesome howto from howtoforge: http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-install-a-public-git-repository-on-a-debian-server I only picked the parts that are needed to get it working and left the additional things out.


text:
California families on welfare would receive a $50 monthly diaper voucher for young children under a bill sent to the governor Tuesday.
The bill would provide a benefit to families in CalWORKs, the state's welfare program, that could be used only to purchase diapers. Starting in 2020, families in the program would receive the diaper benefit each month for each child younger than 2.
The California Assembly passed the bill 54-12. It requires the governor's approval to become law.
Lawmakers early Thursday morning wrapped up their work for the two-year session of the California Legislature, heaping praise on their many accomplishments.
Even so, at least one major item on the to-do list was never resolved. And some of the battles during this session could leave political scars that last much longer.
Californians who purchase lead-acid batteries like those used to start cars and trucks would pay a new $1 fee under legislation sent to Gov. Jerry Brown early Thursday morning, with the funds earmarked for cleaning up contaminated sites such as the former Exide battery plant in Los Angeles County.
The fee charged to battery buyers would rise to $2 in 2022. Lawmakers would direct the revenues — estimated to be as much as $40 million a year — to deal with contamination sites as needed.
"For four decades, our community has been waiting for something," said Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia (D-Bell Gardens), the author of AB 2153.
After 10 bills over eight years failed to legalize Internet poker in California, the latest plan also died Wednesday in the Legislature amid continued squabbling by competing factions of the gambling industry.
A bill that would have allowed Californians to legally play poker online lacked support from two-thirds of Assembly members and was not brought up for a vote on the last day of the legislative session.
Lawmakers cried, sang, recited limericks and confessed crushes on departing colleagues this week in their farewell speeches for California legislators whose terms are up.
For 14 Assembly members and six state senators, Wednesday likely marked their last day arguing on the floors of their respective chambers. In an end-of-session tradition, lawmakers said goodbye to their termed-out colleagues between voting on bills.
Assemblyman Matt Dababneh (D-Encino) revealed he might have a legislative crush on outgoing Assemblywoman Nora Campos (D-San Jose).
State lawmakers defeated a measure late Wednesday that would have given retail and grocery store employees who work on Thanksgiving double pay.
Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez (D-San Diego), the bill's author, said it was needed as more and more retailers were extending Black Friday sales into Thanksgiving Day.
"I narrowed and narrowed and narrowed this bill so it only affects the things that concern us the most: the larger retailers who continue to open up on Thanksgiving rather than allowing people to stay home with their families," Gonzalez said.
In potentially a major change to California's taxi business, state lawmakers passed legislation late Wednesday to centralize control over the industry, an effort supporters said would allow cabs to better compete with Uber, Lyft and other ride-hailing services.
The bill, AB 650, would prohibit local governments from setting taxi rates or limit the number of taxis on the road as well as allowing cabs to pick up and drop off passengers outside specific local jurisdictions. Ride-hailing companies have looser regulations in those areas and have made significant inroads into the taxi business.
"The laws and regulations governing the provisions of transportation services are many decades old and have evolved slowly," said the bill's author, Assemblyman Evan Low (D-Campbell). "As with many new technologies, the rapid growth of [ride-hailing] companies has created a disruption in taxis' archaic model of transportation."
In the last few hours before the end of session, lawmakers passed a measure to advance the California bullet train project.
Voters approved nearly $10 billion in bonds for the high-speed rail project in 2008, but it has since stalled. The bill passed Wednesday would clarify wording in the 2008 measure and allow some of the money for the project to upgrade existing rail lines.
"It's a critical investment in our infrastructure," the bill's author, Assemblyman Kevin Mullin (D-South San Francisco), said.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Gutiar Pro Tab "Eyes Of The World" from Rainbow band is free to download. Tablature file Rainbow - Eyes Of The World opens by means of the Guitar PRO program. This program is available to downloading on our site.
Welcome to gtptabs.com! Here you will find free Guitar Pro tabs.


text:
The Systems & Platforms R&D group fortifies and enhances the architecture for the enterprises of the future.
Highly dynamic, connected enterprises will need to handle a massive proliferation of data and mobile devices, orchestrate cross-organizational systems, and process complex events spanning vast geographies—all in real time. Our group develops frameworks, tools and services that provide the self-aware, self-managed and self-healing infrastructures and systems that are crucial to support scale and agility.
Our current research spans:
Model-Driven Approach for Digital Platform: Scaling the management of infrastructure, architecture, and application domain
Data Management: Finding and accessing relevant data across heterogeneous data store technology and 3rd party systems
Edge Analytics: Deploying and managing analytics and applications outside of your platform
High Performance Computing: Leveraging GPUs, in memory systems, and quantum computing
Data Monetization and digital economy: exploring the opportunities and mechanisms needed to monetize data from IoT and the roadmap for an enterprise to run its data business.
Digital Utility: The impact of IoT for utilities like electrical, oil & gas, mining, and water.


text:
Has Geology become open access? I've just set up RSS feed for it, and when I clicked links to several interesting articles, I discovered I could read them from home. (Cool.) Perhaps my school's subscription works from home now, which is great for me, but which would mean that these links are behind a paywall for the rest of the world.
I'm still going to post my to-read list, so I can kick myself if I don't find time to read these:
San Andreas Fault geometry through San Gorgonio Pass: southeast of LA, the San Andreas Fault is a real mess, with multiple strike-slip strands and thrust faults. Laura Dair and Michele Cooke have used numerical modeling to test whether different fault geometries, combined with known Pacific-North America plate motions, match the observed patterns of slip and uplift along the many faults. Doug Yule has a related commentary, which puts the study in context (and explains how cool and innovative it is). The results aren't just important for understanding faults - they're useful in trying to figure out just how big the southern San Andreas' Big One could be. (This one's going into my folder of possible articles to use for Advanced Structure.)
Mantle weakening and strain localization: Implications for the long-term strength of the continental lithosphere: The Jelly Sandwich and the Creme Brulee models of lithospheric strength are back. In the "jelly sandwich" model, a squishy lower crust is sandwiched between a strong upper crust and a strong upper mantle; in the "creme brulee" model, the upper mantle has no strength, and plates are held together by the top of the crust. Jacques Précigout and Frédéric Gueydan argue that a "jelly sandwich"-type lithosphere can start to behave like "creme brulee" in areas of active deformation, where high strain can result in reduced grain size and the possibility of faster deformation in small areas. (My kindergartener will be really upset if his jelly sandwich turns into creme brulee. Maybe he needs a hard-sided lunchbox to avoid rapid sandwich-squishing.)
Discovery of columnar jointing on Mars: The title tells the story. There are old volcanoes and lava flows on Mars, and HiRISE has found columnar joints. The pictures alone are amazing, but the authors argue that the type of columnar jointing is typical of fractures formed when lava comes into contact with water.
Porphyroblast rotation versus nonrotation: conflict resolution! Comment and reply. It turns out that the conflict is not, in fact, resolved, and the garnets are left spinning. Or not. The commenters and repliers focus on different models to make their arguments, and make some rather pointed comments. ("Fay et al. (2008) present a few numerical simulations (with unspecified code or boundary conditions) as evidence for nonrotation of porphyroblasts during non-coaxial flow.") It's a good example of how scientists write when they disagree on something (especially when their disagreement is around 20 years old, at this point).
Saturday, February 7, 2009
Feb to-read list from Geology
Has Geology become open access? I've just set up RSS feed for it, and when I clicked links to several interesting articles, I discovered I could read them from home. (Cool.) Perhaps my school's subscription works from home now, which is great for me, but which would mean that these links are behind a paywall for the rest of the world.
Posted by Kim at 7:53 PM
Labels: discussion of peer-reviewed papers, planetary geology, structural geology, tectonics
9 comments:
- Silver Fox said...
I can read these, and don't think I'm signed in - so what am I paying for? I'll have to figure that out!
- February 7, 2009 at 9:14 PM
- BrianR said...
whoa ... I have access too ... shhh, don't tell anybody, sooner or later they will find out
- February 7, 2009 at 11:08 PM
- Jude said...
There's an RSS feed for the current issue and recent issues, so it seems that, like many journals, you can read current articles for free; archives probably not. I subscribe to The New Yorker's feed and I find I end up reading more of each issue because I can read it (or spreed it at spreeder.com) online. This works well for me, but I would never stop my print subscription.
- February 8, 2009 at 6:38 AM
- Kim said...
Thanks for the explanation, Jude. That's great for bloggers, in particular. (And it means I'm going to save lots of pdfs as soon as the GSA journals come out.)
- February 8, 2009 at 6:56 AM
- Chris M said...
Nope, it looks like they are all free. I am able to open pdfs all the way back to 1973 (first online volumes). I am not a member or anything.
- February 8, 2009 at 8:44 AM
- Kim said...
It looks like GSA Bulletin articles are also currently available for free. I haven't seen any announcement about them being free (and I'm a member). It may be a programming error, in which case this is a good time to collect some pdfs of classic papers.
- February 8, 2009 at 9:39 AM
- Mel said...
Grab them while you can. I remember seeing an announcement that GSA pubs will be free for a while (~1 month) but I can't find the announcement.
- February 8, 2009 at 2:02 PM
- andrew said...
There's language on the GSA journals home page referring to a free period, but they say that ends on 19 January. I guess they're taking their time.
A few years ago, Geology was open access for a while. I told my readers about that, then had to go back and edit that part out.
- February 8, 2009 at 7:56 PM
- Kim said...
The GSA site says that free trial access ends on 19 January 2008. (I think I remember hearing about that; I meant to grab copies of a bunch of things, but was too busy to do it before the deadline.)
- February 8, 2009 at 9:30 PM


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AUSTIN, Texas (CNN) — Scientists say they've found a galaxy that's not just far, far, away — it's the most distant from our own that's been discovered yet. And it's helping them gain insight about the universe as it existed a long time ago.
Astronomers say the galaxy, called z8_GND_5296, is the most remote one they can confirm with spectroscopy, a technique that looks for the chemical signatures of elements.
In this case, that element was hydrogen, the main fuel of stars. Researchers reported their findings in the journal Nature.
z8_GND_5296 — no, that's not a typo, or a spam username — is a window into the past. Because of its distance, it shows what things would have been like 700 million years after the Big Bang.
The universe is 13.8 billion years old, so 700 million years after the start is actually quite early by comparison.
Star formation
Besides breaking the distance record, astronomers find the new galaxy exciting because it appears to produce stars at an unusually high rate, said lead study author Steven Finkelstein, assistant professor of astronomy at the University of Texas at Austin.
Star-formation rate is measured by how much raw hydrogen the galaxy converts into new stars every year. The z8_GND_5296 galaxy converts hydrogen in the amount of 300 times the mass of our sun into new stars each year.
By contrast, the Milky Way only produces stars at one or two solar masses per year.
Scientists established through previous research that in the first billion years of the universe's history, typical rate of star formation went up, Finkelstein said. Galaxies formed more and more stars over time until about 10 billion years ago, when star formation rates began to decrease.
Now it's much less likely that we just stumbled upon a very rare phenomenon, and much more likely that the early universe harbors these sites of intense star formation, many more than we had previously thought possible.
–lead study author Steven Finkelstein
The newly-confirmed galaxy is still unusual in its high star-formation rate, given how far away it is. But one of the previous record holders for "most distant galaxy" was making stars at 100 solar masses per year, which is in the same ballpark, meaning z8_GND_5296 is not a total fluke in its prolific star-making.
"Now it's much less likely that we just stumbled upon a very rare phenomenon, and much more likely that the early universe harbors these sites of intense star formation, many more than we had previously thought possible," Finkelstein said.
Shifting to red
All of the visible and ultraviolet light from the z8_GND_5296 galaxy has been shifted into the infrared spectrum by the time it reaches Earth. That's because the universe itself is expanding, and the stretching of space-time makes light waves stretch as well.
This phenomenon, called "red shift," is similar to the Doppler effect of sound — for instance, the pitch of a police-car siren sounds higher when it's getting closer to you and lower as it moves away because the car is moving. The movement causes changes in the wavelength and frequency of sound waves that the observer receives.
Astronomers can calculate the distance of a star, galaxy or other celestial object by examining how much light from it has been shifted into the infrared. This requires sophisticated techniques to make the calculations.
In the Nature study, researchers used the MOSFIRE infrared camera at the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii to study 43 galaxy candidates that had been found in a Hubble Space Telescope exploration of the sky: the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS).
Astronomers were looking for a special radiation signature from hydrogen called the Lyman-alpha emission line. This radiation represents the particular wavelength of light that gets emitted when hydrogen atoms get excited in a particular way. Researchers were able to detect this emission line coming from z8_GND_5296, but not from any of the other 42 candidates.
What about those other candidates? Finkelstein theorizes that there is just a lot of gas that absorbs the hydrogen emissions, which is why we can't detect them on Earth.
That may mean that "galaxies at early epochs accrete gas at high rates, and that the resulting large amounts of gas extinguish most of the Lyman-alpha radiation in these young galaxies," Dominik Riechers, astronomer at Cornell University, wrote in an accompanying Nature "News and Views" article.
"We need much deeper observation to try to see this Lyman-alpha emission," Finkelstein said.
More most-distant galaxies to come?
Finkelstein and colleagues found this most distant galaxy on the first of two nights of observation, during a period of about six hours. They have applied for more nights at Keck for follow-up, so z8_GND_5296 may soon have competition for the distance record.
Let's hope these far, far away galaxies don't have Star-Wars-ish civil wars.
The-CNN-Wire™ & © 2013 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.


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Faculty: Thayer Gains Five New Professors
Thayer School recently welcomed five new assistant professors to the faculty. Here's a quick look at their educational backgrounds and some of their areas of expertise.
Mark E. Borsuk earned his B.S.E. in civil engineering and operations research at Princeton and his M.S. in statistics and decisions sciences and Ph.D. in environmental science and policy at Duke. His research interests include decision theory, integrated systems modeling and management, Bayesian statistics, uncertainty analysis, risk assessment, valuation methods, imprecise probabilities, and sustainability science.
Solomon G. Diamond '97 Th'98 earned his A.B. in engineering at Dartmouth, his B.E. at Thayer School, and his S.M. and Ph.D. in engineering at Harvard. His research interests include biomedical imaging, functional neuroimaging, physiological modeling, heart rate variability, stroke recovery, and Alzheimer's disease. See Brainstorm for a discussion of his work.
Karl Griswold, earned his B.S. in chemistry at Southwest Texas State University and his Ph.D. in chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin. His research interests include protein engineering, directed evolution, biotherapeutics, applied biocatalysis, and high throughput screening.
Fridon Shubitidze earned his M.S. in radio physics and his Ph.D. in physical and mathematical sciences at Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. His research interests include numerical methods in computational electromagnetics, electromagnetic sensing methodologies, detection and discrimination of sub-surface objects, linear and non-linear inverse-scattering, induced geo-electromagnetic fields, micro-strip antennas, photonic band gaps, near field optics, DNA sequencing, and electrostatic discharge.
Douglas W. Van Citters '99 Th'03, '06 earned his A.B. in engineering at Dartmouth, and his M.S. and Ph.D. at Thayer School. His research interests include orthopaedic failure analysis and design, wear of polymers, polymer processing, and biomaterials and surgical device design.
Categories: The Great Hall, Facultycomments powered by Disqus


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Log In
logged in
Moving Day
Many hands make light moving for the Mayflowers.
August 19, 2002
When Mike Mayflower and his family recently moved into a larger house, Bill and seven other of Mike's friends helped with the move from the old residence. In the morning, the eight paired off so that each twosome packed and loaded one downstairs room (living room, dining room, family room, kitchen); in the afternoon, the eight formed four new duos, each then moving one upstairs room (master bedroom, boy's bedroom, girl's bedroom) or the garage. Given the Moving Day data below, can you decide how the men paired off in the a.m. and p.m. and what room each duo moved for the Mayflowers?
In the morning, three of the pairs who worked on the downstairs were Jack and Mr. Newman, Dave and Mr. Lopez, and the twosome who packed up the kitchen.
Mr. Sanders wasn't one of the family room movers.
Ian and Mr. Preston didn't partner during the move.
One man helped load the dining room in the a.m. and the boy's bedroom in the p.m.
The area Al and Mr. Rubens packed when they partnered wasn't the girl's bedroom.
Newman and Lopez didn't work together during the afternoon.
Thoreau didn't help move the kitchen in the morning or the garage in the afternoon.
Greg paired with Ian in the a.m. and Ed in the p.m.
In the afternoon, Chad helped with the boy's bedroom.
In the morning, Mr. Wilcox and Mr. Thoreau worked in different downstairs rooms.
Newman's afternoon wasn't spent helping move the girl's bedroom.
Ian and his morning mate weren't the twosome who packed up the Mayflowers' kitchen.
Ed and Lopez work with Mike Mayflower at Vaporware, Inc.
Mr. Miller wasn't one of the two who worked on loading the master bedroom furniture into the Hertz truck.
In the afternoon, Jack teamed with Thoreau and Dave paired with Wilcox; neither duo moved the girl's bedroom.
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Wanted to let you know that we have extended the high-performance applications best practices to:
1. Extend the applications performance, optimization and profiling guidelines to cover nearly 30 different applications, both commercial and open source – http://www.hpcadvisorycouncil.com/best_practices.php
2. We have added the first case using RoCE (RDMA over Converged Ethernet) to the performance, optimization and profiling guidelines page. It is under the same link as in item 1
3. New – installations guides – for those who asked to get a detailed description on where to get the application from, what is needed to be installed, how to install on a cluster, and how to actually run the application – it is now posted under the HPC|Works subgroup – http://www.hpcadvisorycouncil.com/subgroups_hpc_works.php. We will be focusing on open source applications, which sometime it challenging to really find this info. At the moment we have installations guides for BQCD, Espresso and NAMD, and more will come in the near future.
If you would like to propose new applications to be covered under the performance, optimization and profiling guidelines, or to be added to the installations guides, please let us know via email@example.com.
Best regards,


text:
Jon Gosselin and girlfriend, Hailey Glassman have broken up, according to Extra. A source close to the couple confirmed the news to Usmagazine. Just two weeks ago, both Jon and Hailey were spotted taking a romantic, PDA-filled carriage-ride in New York's Central Park.
In a recent interview, Hailey revealed that she felt "emotionally abused" by Jon and that he is prone to "mantrums." "I don't know why I love him," she said.
"They broke up the day she did that interview," the source tells Us. "She told me it was gonna be over. She was just waiting to let him go."
A couple of days ago, Jon announced that he was seeking spiritual counsel from Rabbi Shmuley Boteach. He admitted in a statement that he got "carried away by the challenges of fame" and yearns to "reconnect with my deeper, more spiritual, more altruistic self."
While Jon is seeking spiritual help, we have a feeling that Kate Gosselin is having a funfilled day.
Update: According to Usmagazine.com, Rabbi Shmuley advised Jon to end his relationship with Hailey. "I have advised him to end it with Hailey," Shmuley tells the Post. "It is unacceptable to be in a relationship when he is still married and has to take care of kids who are hurting. It is not a healthy relationship."
In addition, Jon plans to proclaim his severed ties with Hailey during a speech at the West Side Synagogue on Sunday. "Jon will either be remembered as a man who cheats on his wife and is intoxicated by fame, or a man who has fought to redeem himself," Shmuley says.
Tell Us: Can Jon really redeem himself?


text:
New research predicts rising trend in India's Violent Land Conflicts; 130 districts struggle
New research released today, on the eve of an international conference on land and forest rights, blames India's government agencies and investors for a growing spate of violent clashes in the nation's forest and tribal areas. A massive transfer of resources from the rural poor to investors is underway, inciting resistance and conflicts in virtually all states of India. Top global experts at the meeting noted as well that India has joined the ranks of China, South Korea and Saudi Arabia—"land-deficit" countries—that are snatching up stretches of prime livelihood resources in developing nations to grow crops and extract commodities for domestic and global markets.
The ongoing land takeover in India is captured in new findings released today and illustrated on a map recording recent protests in 130 districts, most of which took place since 2011.
According to findings released by the Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI) and the Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development (SPWD) in New Delhi today, the nation can expect rising civil unrest in response to major projects planned for the next 15 years, requiring over 11 million hectares of land and affecting the livelihoods and welfare of millions of people.
"Brazen takeovers of community-owned lands have become a burning issue in large parts of India," said Shankar Gopalakrishnan of the Campaign for Survival and Dignity, one of the researchers presenting at tomorrow's Conference on Forests and Common Lands: Rights, Conflicts, Forest Rights Act (FRA) and Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA).
Gopalakrishnan and his colleagues note that India has legislation on the books already that could address the root causes of the conflicts reported in their studies. Two key examples are the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act of 2006, which is designed to protect forest dwelling and tribal people from illegal takeovers, but is being routinely violated; and the 1996 Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act (the PESA Act), which gives village councils, known as gram sabhas, powers to manage and protect their lands State laws that provide for community and collective rights and management powers are also ignored and violated across the country.
"Right now, one part of the government or another is in violation of the provisions of these Acts. Is there no penalty for violating legislation already on the statute books?" said RRI executive director Arvind Khare, a global expert on land rights of traditional and forest communities.
Citing research carried out by the International Land Coalition (ILC) Land Matrix, he said that the Indian government and Indian-owned companies have acquired land in Africa and Southeast Asia for agricultural purposes.
India Joins Ranks of Major Investors in Global Land Grab
Increasingly, Khare said, investors from emerging economies are beginning to encounter community resistance to their activities in the rich agricultural nations of Africa, much like that faced by investors in India. But India's role in the global land rush is difficult to assess. Land deals are rarely transparent, so information about them is limited.
However, analysis of land grabs in Ethiopia show most of the agricultural investors are Indian, including Karuturi, which produces rice, palm oil, maize and sugarcane on 100,000 hectares in the Gambella region, and Emami, a biotech company that grows jatropha and edible oil seeds on 100,000 hectares in Oromia.
"Anecdotal evidence suggests that Indian investors have been as disrespectful of people's rights as the Chinese, who have gotten most of the attention," Khare said. "What makes India different is that it calls itself a democracy that guarantees human rights. In becoming part of this global land grab, they are acting against their values. Sadly, they are repeating a pattern that is all too familiar within India as well."
Resource Takeover Breeds Conflict Across the Country
RRI and SPWD examined recent land acquisitions, court cases and news reports to reveal that an increase in protests against land grabs in India is emerging as one of the country's most pressing development challenges. Based on news reports and court cases, the map reveals that every state—and every tribal area—in the country is embroiled in these land disputes, many of which are still unresolved.
"We have seen projects such as phosphate mines in Jaisamand, highway projects in Rajasthan and biofuel plantations in Chhattisgarh, and they all share a need for more and more land," said Viren Lobo, the executive director of the Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development. "Such projects continue to claim two percent of the country's common lands each year, ensuring they will face greater civil unrest across the country if the government doesn't recognize the land rights of rural and tribal people."
The map recorded a large number of conflicts across the country, most of which took place in 2011 and 2012; it identified such conflicts in 130 of India's 602 districts.
"The map clearly shows that there are similar conflicts underway in nearly every one of the country's tribal and forest districts," said Madhu Sarin, a Rights and Resources Initiative fellow. "What it does not show, however, are the many, many conflicts that go unreported. The potential for conflict is everywhere. It would be very surprising if there was a single large project underway in the country today that did not involve some takeover of community or forest and common lands."
Indian and International Experts Agree on Way Forward
Brazilian forestry expert Luiz Joels, one of the experts speaking at the conference, said, "Once the 1988 constitution of Brazil recognized that lands traditionally occupied by indigenous peoples are essential to the preservation of environmental resources and necessary to their well-being, culture and traditions, the situation changed completely. The rights of indigenous peoples have now been recognized and demarcated in over 100 million hectares of territories."
Professor Xu Jintao, an economist at Peking University who is also participating in the event, added a Chinese perspective. "China's economic progress is fundamentally based on agrarian reforms of late 1970s and forest tenure reforms in early 21st century—both of them recognizing rights of people over their resources," he said.
Indian experts participating in the conference agreed; most of these issues do not feature in current deliberations over land conflicts. "What is required is to recognize and record rights, penalize violators of rights, and finally ensure democratic control over decision-making on land takeover," said Shankar Gopalakrishnan.
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Deputy Commissioner Lockhart's Testimony
Before The Senate Finance Committee, Subcommittee On Social Security And Family Policy
On Protecting The Social Security Number
Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee:
Thank you for asking me to be here today, to discuss Social Security Number (SSN) misuse. As the number of legitimate uses for Social Security Numbers increase, especially use in the private sector, so does the potential for misuse-and the consequences of misuse.
Social Security Number misuse can lead directly to identity theft and the resulting personal and economic consequences to the individual whose identity is stolen. But Social Security Number misuse also can create far-reaching consequences to our economy and our society as a whole.
The tragic events of September 11, and reports that some of the terrorists fraudulently used SSNs have brought home the need to strengthen the safeguards to protect against the misuse of the SSN. We have worked diligently towards this end ever since, with many important enhancements recently implemented and more to follow through the remainder of this year. We appreciate this Committee's interest in putting Social Security numbers beyond the reach of criminals.
Original Purpose of the Social Security Number and Card
To begin, I would like to discuss the original purpose of the SSN and the Social Security card. Following the passage of the Social Security Act in 1935, the SSN was devised administratively as a way to keep track of the earnings of people who worked in jobs covered under the new program. The requirement that workers covered by Social Security apply for an SSN was published in Treasury regulations in 1936.
Initially, the only purpose of the SSN was to keep an accurate record of earnings covered under Social Security and to pay benefits based on those earnings. The SSN card is the document SSA provides to show what SSN is assigned to a particular individual. The SSN card, when shown to an employer, assists the employer in properly reporting earnings. Early public education materials counseled workers to share their SSNs only with their employers.
Growth of SSN as an Identifier for Other Federal Purposes
In spite of the narrowly drawn purpose of the SSN, use of the SSN as a convenient means of identifying people in records systems has grown over the years in steps. In 1943, Executive Order 9397 required Federal agencies to use the SSN in any new system for identifying individuals. This use proved to be a precursor to a continuing explosion in SSN usage which came about during the computer revolution of the 1960's and 70's. The simplicity of using a unique number that most people already possessed encouraged widespread use of the SSN by Government agencies and private organizations as they adapted their record-keeping and business applications to automated data processing.
In 1961, the Federal Civil Service Commission established a numerical identification system for all Federal employees using the SSN as the identifying number. The next year, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) decided to use the SSN as its taxpayer identification number (TIN) for individuals. And, in 1967, the Defense Department adopted the SSN as its identification number for military personnel. Use of the SSN for computer and other record-keeping systems spread throughout State and local governments, and to banks, credit bureaus, hospitals, educational institutions and other areas of the private sector. At the time, there were no legislative authorizations for, or prohibitions against, such uses.
Statutory Expansion of SSN Use in the Public Sector
The first explicit statutory authority to issue SSNs did not occur until 1972, when Congress required that SSA assign SSNs to all noncitizens authorized to work in this country and take affirmative steps to assign SSNs to children and anyone receiving or applying for a benefit paid for by Federal funds. This change was prompted by Congressional concerns about welfare fraud and about noncitizens working in the U.S. illegally. Subsequent Congresses have enacted legislation which requires an SSN as a condition of eligibility for applicants for SSI, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (now called Temporary Assistance to Needy Families), Medicaid, and food stamps. Additional legislation authorized States to use the SSN in the administration of any tax, general public assistance, drivers license, or motor vehicle registration law within its jurisdiction.
At the same time, the Privacy Act was enacted in 1974 when Congress became concerned about the widespread use of the SSN. It provides that, except when required by Federal statute or regulation adopted prior to January 1975, no Federal, State or local government agency could withhold benefits from a person simply because the person refused to furnish his or her SSN.
In the 1980's, separate legislation provided for additional uses of the SSN including employment eligibility verification, military draft registration, commercial motor vehicle operators licenses, and for operators of stores that redeem food stamps. Legislation was also enacted that required taxpayers to provide a taxpayer identification number (SSN) for each dependent age 5 or older. The age requirement was lowered subsequently, and an SSN is now required for dependents, regardless of age. .
In the 1990's, SSN use continued to expand with legislation that authorized its use for jury selection and for administration of Federal workers' compensation laws. A major expansion of SSN use was provided in 1996 under welfare reform. Under welfare reform, to enhance child support enforcement, the SSN is to be recorded in the applications for professional licenses, driver's licenses, and marriage licenses; it must be placed in the records relating to a divorce decree, support order, or paternity determination or acknowledgment; and it must be recorded in the records relating to death and on the death certificate. When an individual is hired, an employer is required to send the individual's SSN and identifying information to the State, which will verify the information with SSA. This "New Hire Registry" is part of the expanded Federal Parent Locator Service which enables States to find non-custodial parents by using the SSN.
Private Sector Use of the SSN
Currently, Federal law places no restrictions on the use of the SSN by the private sector. People may be asked for an SSN for such things as renting a video, getting medical services, and applying for public utilities. They may refuse to give it. However, the provider may, in turn, decline to furnish the product or service.
There are two basic ways the providers use the SSN. Within an organization, the SSN is typically used to identify specific persons and to maintain or retrieve data files. The second use is for external exchange of information, typically to transfer or to match data. For example, individual companies can track buying habits and customer preferences through the use of such data.
Continuing advances in computer technology and the ready availability of computerized data have spurred the growth of information brokers who amass and sell vast amount of personal information including SSNs. When possible, information brokers retrieve data by SSN because it is more likely than any other identifier to produce records for a specific individual.
The SSN as an Identifier
As you can see, Mr. Chairman, the current use of the SSN as a personal identifier in both the public and private sectors is not the result of any single step; but rather, from the gradual accretion over time of extending the SSN to a variety of purposes. The implications for personal privacy of the widespread use of a single identifier have generated concern both within the government and in society in general.
The advent of broader access to electronic data through the Internet and the World Wide Web has generated a growing concern about increased opportunities for access to personal information. Some people fear that the competition among information service providers for customers will result in broader data linkages with questionable integrity and potential for harm, and make it easier for identity thieves to ply their trade.
On the other hand, there are some who believe that the public interests and economic benefits are well served by these uses of the SSN. They argue that it would enhance the ability to more easily recognize, control and protect against fraud and abuses in both public and private activities. All Federal benefit-paying agencies rely on data matches to verify not only that the applicant is eligible for benefits, but also to ensure that the benefit paid is correct. Other federal agencies may be able to provide information about other socially beneficial uses of the SSN, including its use in research and statistical activities. The SSN often is the key that facilitates the ability to perform the matches.
Identity Theft
When most people think of identity theft they are referring to the use of the personal identifying information of another person to "become" that person. Identity theft also includes enumeration fraud, which uses fraudulent documents to obtain an original SSN for establishing identity. Finally identity theft also includes identity creation, which uses false identity, false documents and a false SSN.
Skilled identity thieves may use a variety of methods - low and hi-tech- to gain access to personal data. We, at the Social Security Administration want to do what we can to help prevent identity theft, to assist those who become victims of identity theft, and to assist in the apprehension and conviction of those who perpetrate the crime.
Preventing identity theft can play a role in the prevention of any future terrorism. Identification documents are critically important to terrorists, and a key to such documents is the Social Security number. The integrity of the SSN must be ensured to the maximum extent possible because of the fundamental role it can play in helping unscrupulous individuals steal identities and obtain false identification documents.
Identity thieves may get personal information by stealing wallets and purses, mail, personal information on an unsecured Internet site, from business or personnel records at work, buying personal information from "inside" sources, or posing as someone who legitimately needs the information such as an employer or landlord. We ask that people be careful with their Social Security number and card to prevent identity theft. The card should be shown to an employer when an individual starts working, so that the employment records are correct and then it should be put in a safe place.
SSA Response to SSN Misuse
In response to the events of September 11, SSA formed a high-level response team which has met regularly ever since to recommend and track progress towards policy and procedural enhancements to help ensure that we are strengthening our capability to prevent those with criminal intent from using Social Security numbers and cards to advance their operations. Just as there have been delays at airports as a result of heightened security, we recognize that some of these initiatives may result in a delay in the receipt of SSNs for some citizens and non-citizens. However, these measures are necessary to ensure the integrity of the SSN and to ensure that only those who should receive an SSN do so.
Soon after 9/11, we began a new training emphasis on the rules for enumeration, and especially for enumerating non-citizens. We started with refresher training for all involved staff, but are following this up with periodic special training and additional management oversight. On March 1 we stopped assigning SSNs to non-citizens for the sole purpose of applying for a driver's license, so that non-citizens can now only get an SSN if they are authorized to work or where needed for a Federal funded or state public assistance benefit to which the person has established entitlement. On June 1, we began verifying with the custodians of the records, any birth records submitted by U.S. born citizens over the age of one applying for an SSN. Further, we are piloting an online system for employers to verify the names and SSNs of newly hired employees. I should note however, that for more than twenty years SSA has a system for employers to verify employees SSNs for wage reporting purposes.
Throughout this year we are also implementing a range of new data sharing initiatives with the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and the Department of State (DoS) that will improve integrity goals with respect to non-citizens. As we have in the past, SSA will proceed with the data matching initiative in a manner consistent with the requirements set forth in the Privacy Act. We expect to have in place by the end of the year the first phase of what we are calling Enumeration at Entry (EAE). EAE is an integrity measure we have been working on collaboratively with the INS and DoS for some time and it will work similarly to our highly successful Enumeration at Birth program under which most U.S.-born infants are assigned SSNs based on requests by their parents in the hospital right at birth, eliminating the need for document verification. EAE will eliminate immigration documents from the process also. Under EAE, SSA will assign SSNs to new arrivals based on data collected by the DoS, as it approves the immigrant visa right in the foreign service post, and refined by the INS, right as entry into the country is authorized. SSA would receive the data electronically from the INS with no need for further document review and verification.
For non-immigrants who initially will not be part of Enumeration at Entry, additional verifications are planned. First, we have already worked out and implemented additional data sharing with DoS for refugees. Then beginning this month, we will start verifying any documents issued by the INS for other arrivals with that Agency before assigning an SSN. We hope to be able to verify many of these electronically. But where this is not possible, we will request written confirmation from INS that the documents submitted are bonafide and that the individual is authorized to work. We expect this new verification process to be fully implemented by September.
We have developed this multi-pronged approach to make SSNs less accessible to those with criminal intent as well as prevent individuals from using false or stolen birth records or immigration documents to obtain an SSN.
We also implemented changes to speed up the distribution of our Death Master File. SSA receives reports of deaths from a number of sources, and from computer matches with death data from Federal and State agencies. This information is critical to the administration of our program and is made available to facilitate the prevention of identify theft of the SSN's of deceased persons. Many of the private sector companies purchasing this information are credit card companies and financial institutions. Furthermore, we are also limiting the display of Social Security Numbers on our correspondence. As of October 1, 2001 we no longer include the first five digits of the SSN on Social Security Statements and as of December 2001 on Social Security Cost of Living Notices. We do use the full SSN on other correspondence because there may be legal requirements for display of the SSN on the notice especially on termination and award notices. However, to ensure the confidentiality of the SSN on mail we do not show the addressee's SSN on the envelope, if mailing an envelope to an individual. If requesting information from third parties, we do not show the SSN for the purpose of associating the reply with the file when it is returned. We use other means such as a unit number. Additionally, to protect the privacy of recipients who are paid by check and help prevent identity theft, Treasury is taking steps to remove all personal identification numbers, including the SSN, on all check payments. The goal for completing the project is early 2004.
The good news is that over 80% of our beneficiaries receive their payments by direct deposit, which means for this large group there are no SSNs to be stolen or paper checks that can be lost or stolen. For those that do not use direct deposit the Department of the Treasury prepares and mails all government checks including those for Social Security and Supplemental Security Income recipients. Effective with the September 1, 2000 benefit payments, the SSN printed on Social Security and Supplemental Security Income checks is no longer visible through the envelope window. Instead of the Social Security Number, Treasury includes the check number, which is assigned during payment processing, in the window area. Treasury uses this number to locate and hold payment prior to delivery when SSA has determined the payment is not due. Likewise, arrangements have been made with the U.S. Postal Service to use the beneficiary name and address to locate and return payments identified by SSA under the check intercept process.
Detecting SSN Misuse
One way that a person can find out whether someone is misusing their number to work is to check their earning records. About three months before their birthday, anyone 25 or older and not already receiving Social Security benefits, automatically receives a Social Security statement each year. The statement lists earnings posted, to their Social Security record as well as providing an estimate of benefits and other Social Security facts about the program. If there is a mistake in the earnings posted they are asked to contact us right away, so their record can be corrected. We investigate, correct the earnings record and if appropriate, we refer any suspected misuse of a Social Security number to the appropriate authorities.
SSA may learn about misused SSNs in a variety of other ways including alerts from our computer systems while matching Federal and State data, processing wages, claims or post entitlement actions, reports from individuals contacting our field offices or teleservice centers and inquiries from the Internal Revenue Service concerning two or more individuals with the same SSN on their income tax returns.
We have another tool that has been used successfully to detect instances of fraud and abuse. This tool, called the Comprehensive Integrity Review Process (CIRP), is a review and anomaly detection system. Known fraudulent patterns are first identified and then transactions that fit these fraudulent patterns are provided to SSA managers for their review. If upon investigation, the SSA manager believes that fraud or misuse has occurred, they prepare a referral to the Inspector General (IG).
Assisting Victims
To help victims, SSA provides hotline numbers to SSA's Fraud Hotline and the Federal Trade Commission ID Theft Hotline. We provide up-to-date information about steps that the person can take to work with credit bureaus and law enforcement agencies to reclaim their identity. We issue a replacement card if their Social Security Card is stolen. We help to correct their earnings record and issue a new Social Security number in certain circumstances. If the victim alleges that a specific individual is using the Social Security Number, SSA develops the case as a possible fraud violation. If appropriate, we refer the case to the IG for an investigation and work closely with the IG to facilitate their investigation.
The provisions of S.848 clearly reflect the Congress's growing concern with identity theft and its effects. The bill addresses the need to limit private and public sector use, display and sale of the SSN and to increase penalties for misuse of the number.
We note that the bill provides for civil monetary penalties for misuse of the SSN. While current law provides criminal penalties for SSN misuse, the addition of civil monetary penalties for SSN misuse would provide another level of deterrence for those who would misuse the SSN. We support this provision, which will strengthen our ability to deal with instances of misuse that are declined for prosecution by the Department of Justice.
We also support the provision in S.848 that would prohibit access to the SSNs by prisoners employed by Federal, State or local governments.
I would like to conclude by emphasizing that we, at the Social Security Administration want to do what we can to help prevent identity theft, to assist those who become victims and to assist in the apprehension and conviction of those who perpetrate the crime.
In a larger view, though, the Social Security Administration is only one of many institutions that have to be on guard for identity theft. As the Chairman knows, this is a very difficult area. In our experience, most instances of identity theft have resulted not from any action or failure to act by SSA, but from the proliferation of personal information in our society. SSA cannot police the disclosure of Social Security numbers made by private citizens and organizations. Mr. Chairman and members of the Committee we thank you for asking us to testify.


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Women's Funds Redefine the "Pie"
Women's Funds Redefine the "Pie"
How Women Are Changing the Concept of Philanthropy
- Contribute to women's funds:Women's Funding Network,International Network of Women's Funds, Global Fund for Women
- Mobilize women donors: Women Donors Network, Spark
- Support global philanthropy:Grantmakers Without Borders,Global Philanthropy Forum
- Help change the culture of giving:The Greenlining Institute,Resource Generation, Third Wave Foundation
Women's Funds: A Different Kind of Investment
Worldwide, less than 7% of all philanthropic funds go towards organizations focusing on women and girls. In fact, the share of overall foundation giving that goes directly to women and girls has been below 7.5% for the last fifteen years (1).
In 1972, the Ms. Foundation--the first exclusively dedicated women's fund--was born in the United States. Women's funds are groups that pool and raise money to give to organizations that are led by and provide support for women and girls.
The creation of these funds ensures that dedicated resources go to women and girls, rather than them having to compete against other "causes," such as the environment and education. Because many of the donors to these funds are women, these funds also allow more women to see themselves as philanthropists and built shared assets that women grow and control--creating new financial power within a population historically left out of opportunities to build wealth and make decisions about money.
Today, nearly 150 women's funds exist, operating in more than 30 countries across six continents. They have over $465 million in collective working assets and invest over $60 million per year in community-based organizations serving women and girls (2).
Unique Approaches to Problem Solving
Investing in the leadership and empowerment of women and girls is a guiding principle of most women's funds. For example, the Indigenous Women's Fund of the International Indigenous Women's Forum raises grant money for indigenous women's groups and provides support for training and skills development. The programs it funds help women--who are multiply marginalized in their communities for being women, indigenous and poor--see themselves as leaders and become better advocates for their own needs.
Most women's funds are also dedicated to addressing the root causes of social problems and transforming underlying systems, attitudes and social norms. For example, the African Women's Development Fund aims to help women's organizations throughout the continent make significant and lasting contributions to peace building, eradicate the HIV/AIDS pandemic and bring about sustainable economic empowerment for women.
Women's funds have a different way of working, often blurring the lines between those who give and those who receive, and broadening resources to include not only money but wisdom, longstanding community relationships and problem-solving know-how. They seek to re-imagine charitable giving "as a collaborative relationship of trusted equals, organized around core shared values, involving donors at every giving level and promoting diversity in their staffing and decision-making structures" (3).
This emphasis on collaboration sets women's funds apart from more traditional models of charitable giving, where wealthy individuals "save" the downtrodden poor, who are usually cast as victims in need and not agents with know-how.
Women's funds raise awareness about women's issues among the general public, create dialogue between community members and organizations, and bring together key players to strategize about how to garner more resources and use them most effectively to support women.
Growing Resources and Building Bridges
Most women's funds seek backing from private foundations, individual donors, and agencies that work internationally. In this way, women's funds help channel resources from large agencies, often in other countries, to local organizations, particularly those in the developing world (4). Because many women's funds are community based and have relationships with local grassroots organizations, they serve as the eyes and ears for international foundations and agencies, who often don't have in-country staff to help them understand the best ways to tackle issues on the ground.
For instance, the Reconstruction Women's Fund in Serbia (RWF) has raised money from international donors to support their initiatives for Roma women. Roma women in Serbia have little access to resources and are "off the radar" of most international funders. The RWF not only re-grants to Roma women's associations but also helps integrate them into the larger women's movement in Serbia and raise their visibility.
Some funds based in developing countries, such as Tewa in Nepal, are adopting a different approach to building their assets. Rather than rely solely on international supporters, Tewa is reaching out to wealthy individuals and major businesses within Nepal to generate more local support. For example, Tewa receives a portion of ticket sales from the national Nepali airline. One of Tewa's primary goals is to be financially self-sufficient so that it can make decisions based solely on the needs of women in Nepal rather than the "outside" agendas of foreign donors.
Seeding and Building Movements
Generally, women's funds give small grants to many organizations rather than a few grants to larger, more established organizations. This means they play a crucial role in supporting organizations that are trying to get on their feet and make inroads on particular issues.
Women's funds frequently grant start-up funding for new organizations--something most donors are reluctant to do. In many cases, they support organizations for a number of years until those groups can raise funds from other sources and "stand on their own feet." For example, the Ukrainian Women's Fund has enabled women's organizations to exist in a region where women's movements themselves are shaky and continuously under attack.
Some women's funds intentionally cross borders when reform demands it. The Frontera Women's Fund in Texas supports women's organizations on both sides of the U.S./Mexico border and brings these groups together to fight for gender-sensitive immigration policy reform and social justice. Meanwhile, the Slovak-Czech women's fund operates in two neighboring countries. Although they are separated by political boundaries, they are united around women's rights.
Women's funds have also banded together when other funders won't get involved with a controversial issue. For instance, the Angela Borba Fund in Brazil and the Central American Women's Fund, which supports women's organizations through the region, have given unwavering support to groups fighting for progressive reform on sexual and reproductive rights, especially as other funders have withdrawn for fear of entering contentious territory. This kind of backing provides security and a vote of confidence for advocates facing an uphill battle, and helps ensure a more open dialogue and culture of exchange.
A Long-Term Investment
Despite their innovation and creativity, women's funds don't control the large sums of "big players" such as the Ford Foundation or the Gates Foundation, so they've typically been more cautious about what they fund--and they've had to support groups for many years before seeing their efforts bear fruit. Many of them take a long-term, systemic approach to building women's movements, because they see themselves as a part of women's movements, rather than simply as donors who are "in and out" after a particular outcome is achieved.
In fact, many women's funds have been instrumental in helping to develop cultures of charitable giving and civil society in regions where these are underdeveloped. This has not only generated necessary support for struggling organizations, but helped to enlarge the pool of potential donors and funding sources for a variety of important issues.
A related achievement is that women's funds have helped more women see themselves as donors, regardless of how much they are able to give. The Global Fund for Women, for example, has successfully raised funds from a wide range of individual donors to support the cause of women's rights. Similarly, Semillas in Mexico has developed a growing network of women supporting women, and they have engaged "supportive men" as well--all in a country where philanthropic giving is not very developed. The Women's Funding Network's Women Moving Millions Campaign has inspired the largest gifts ever for women's funds--$1 million or more per donor--totaling more than $176 million.
In these challenging economic times, women's funds channel resources to women's leadership and empowerment, bring awareness to women's issues, foster cultures of giving, tap new sources of funding and ensure that women's groups receive the support they deserve and need. Above all, they make investments to address root causes and transform societies for the long term--providing irrefutable evidence that the "pie" is not shrinking but being redefined by women, in ways that benefit us all.
1. Women's Funding Network, "Accelerating the Change for Women and Girls: The Role of Women's Funds," (Accessed August 1, 2009).
2. Women's Funding Network, "The Network," (August 1, 2009).
3. Women's Funding Network, "Accelerating the Change for Women and Girls: The Role of Women's Funds," (Accessed August 1, 2009).
4. Conversation with Fernanda Hopenhaym, manager of the "Where is the Money for Women's Rights" strategic initiative at the Association for Women's Rights in Development (July 31, 2009).


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Reviewed by Jasmine M. (age 11)
Dear Dumb Diary, Its Not My Fault I Know Everything illustration will appear here.
At the first day of middle school, she finds her first enemy and a boy named Hudson who has a crush on her. The first few months are good, but then her dog and Angelica's dog, Stickybuns, have puppies. Angeline thinks that just because the dogs are getting married, she and Jamie are related. Another problem is that they get an assignment from their English teacher, Mr. Evans, to write a diary about anything they want. When they turned in the assignments, some bad stuff is revealed.
At the end of the book, Jamie never finds out what Angeline wrote in her diaries. She does find out that Hudson, the guy that liked her, doesn't like her anymore because of her hair makeover that Angeline gave her. Jasmine cuts off all of her beautiful hair and lives and Hudson ends up liking Angeline. That is how the story ends.
If I could change the story I would change Jamie because she is too childish and doesn't take stuff seriously. I don't have a favorite part of the story because the problems are pretty silly. My favorite character is Angeline because she is pretty, knows everything, and has awesome hair. My least favorite character is Jamie because she always worries about everything. She needs to just relax.
This story relates to my life because school is hard and you have to work to get what you want. This story has lots of pictures and it helps tell the story because it just makes the reader more involved. I think people should read this book because it is funny with all of the cartoons. This book helps you get a laugh when you are sad.


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Nolan's realistic approach to Batman
My pitch was always that if you can believe in the Batmobile, if you can believe in this action set piece that involves a flying vehicle in Dark Knight Rises, it's much more exciting if you can believe in it. The dramatic credibility of the movie that we get by casting such incredible talents and then trying to give them scenes to play, and really play the logic of it with that underpinning, all of the more fanciful elements become more fun. They're more enjoyable, and they're more intense. So, to me, those things aren't mutually exclusive. That's my honest appraisal of what we're trying to do. The entertainment, I just find a rich big movie experience. You know when Hollywood does a great big blockbuster that really wraps you up in a world, and lets you believe in extraordinary things that move you in some way, in an almost operatic sensibility? That to me is the most fun I have at the movies. And that's what I'm trying to do for the audience.
i won't be back in this thread until after i see the movie. it's all surprises for me from here


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Numismatic data reconsidered
Coin distributions
and interpretation in studies of late Iron
Age Britain
Project leader
Department of Coins and Medals
Supported by
- An Arts and Humanities Research Council Collaborative Doctoral Award
- The British Museum
Share this project
Using the extraordinarily rich database of Iron Age coin finds from Britain, this project aims to reassess some of the most cherished assumptions about late pre-Roman Iron Age society.
As a result of the long-term recording work of the Celtic Coin Index (CCI) established in 1960, and subsequently of the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS), established in 1997, Iron Age coins are one of the best attested and most systematically recorded forms of evidence for the period. By combining data from the CCI and PAS, the project will examine patterns within coinage distribution.
Provisional analysis suggests the assumed significance of tribal or regional level organisation and traditional notions of power and kingship should be challenged. These ideas have changed remarkably little in the 150 years since iron age coins began to be systematically catalogued. The majority of numismatic studies still therefore assume that the circulation areas of the several stylistically distinct coin series, identified in the last century are indicative of the key social and political divisions of lowland Britain. Alternative interpretations of the patterns observed within Iron Age coinage drawing on alternative social dynamics will be examined by this project.
The results of this project will be published after the submission of a PhD thesis in 2011. Additionally, it is intended that all data will be available and fully searchable online. PAS data is currently publicly accessible online, and it is intended that data from the CCI will be integrated and made available through the same website.
Further information
Portable Antiquities Scheme database


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Just how rare is thundersnow?
copyright the Chronicle February 9, 2011
by Tena Starr
It's hard to say exactly how rare Saturday's night's winter thunderstorm was, says Chris Bouchard, a meteorologist at the Fairbanks Museum in St. Johnsbury.
"I don't have any numbers on its frequency," he said. "But lightning as frequent as Saturday's is something I've never experienced with snow falling."
The official term for a thunderstorm with snow is "thundersnow."
Thunder and lightning might occur once or twice a winter in the state, Mr. Bouchard said. But generally it's very localized.
"There might be one flash over one town. This last event was pretty unusual because there were hundreds of lightning strikes on Saturday night, in lots of towns. I've seen snowstorms with a flash here and there, but nothing with frequent lightning like that."
One reason thunderstorms don't often occur in winter is because warm air is usually behind their development, and there just isn't much warm air around in winter.
Thunderstorms are caused by rapidly rising air currents, which form very tall clouds, sometimes billowing up over 40,000 feet in height.
Inside the thunderstorm, charge separations occur. "No one is exactly sure how that happens," Mr. Bouchard said. "A leading theory is that the different types of precipitation particles found within thunderstorms force a charge separation when they collide."
Every thunderstorm produces both snow and graupel (also known as soft hail), even during the summer months. Normally, warm air near the surface forces these to melt into rain before they reach the ground. Updraft speeds vary from the inner core to the outer edges of the storm. That means that in some parts of the cloud, snow rises at the same time that heavier graupel is falling past it. That leads to a lot of mini-collisions.
"We know the snowflakes are traveling upward with a positive charge," Mr. Bouchard said. "Snowflakes go up because they're light and fluffy."
The lower portion takes on a negative charge as graupel falls through it. Once the charge difference builds to a high enough level, it can overcome the resistance of the air, and you get a big static discharge, Mr. Bouchard said. "That's lightning.
"The best way to get updraft speeds sufficient to produce lightning is with warm air, and we don't often have warm air around in the winter," he said.
Saturday night there was warm air rising into thunderstorm updrafts however, as air originating over the Atlantic moved in.
"There was a lot of rising motion, and that led to the charge separation that caused the thunder and lightning.
"It's pretty unusual to see snow with thunderstorms in Vermont. It usually happens with Nor'easters. But typically with Nor'easters lightning is very sporadic and unpredictable."
contact Tena Starr at [email protected]
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This is it, folks. This is my last column with The Lebanon Enterprise. Hey, stop that. I can hear your applause from here. That's not nice.
Seriously though, this is my last issue as a sports correspondent for this paper.
Many of you are probably already aware of this but I recently took a job with The Springfield Sun across the border. Hey now, stop that booing and hissing. It's not polite. Yes, I have been called worse than a turncoat. Thank you very much.
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text: Aplyig Kin Concpts Real-Wrld Semester: Fall Year: 2013 Subject Name: Kinesiology Course Number: 394AI Institution: UMass Amherst This course is designed to bridge the Gen Eds and introductory kinesiology courses with upper-division classes and more focused study and will provide opportunities for students to apply their knowledge to real-world situations through work in teams. Additionally, there is a career development component designed to provide students with the necessary skill set to transition from students to successful careers in the field of kinesiology. Students will keep a logbook that reflects the evolution of their thinking regarding questions such as: What did you think you would do with your degree before you took this class? What are you learning/doing that is potentially changing your mind? After taking this class, what are your thoughts about a future career? What steps do you need to take to get from where you are now to where you want to be? A reflective summary based on this logbook will be due at the end of semester. Satisfies the Integrative Experience requirement for BS-Kin majors. Comments: Open to Senior and Junior Kinesiology majors only. PreReq:KIN100,110,270-273 Satisfying this course satisfies the Integrative Experience (IE) requirement. Discussion sections do not meet until the second week of class. Linked Course: Multiple required components--lab and/or discussion section. To register, submit requests for all components simultaneously. Instructor Permission: Permission is required for interchange registration during the add/drop period only. Schedule #: 33196 Course Sections Year - Any -20192018201720162015201420132012 Term - Any -FallSpring Subject Course Number Institution - Any -Amherst CollegeHampshire CollegeMount Holyoke CollegeSmith CollegeUMass Amherst Section Number Aplyig Kin Concpts Real-Wrld Sect # Credits Instructor(s) Instructor Email Meeting Times Location D03 0.0 TU 9:30AM 10:45AM


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For years I downloaded a week lineup into a local xml file. I parse the file into an Access DB then have asp webpages do the work I need. I am going to port all this to an Apache website so the asp pages will all be rewritten into php.
My question, what method should I use to run a query on an apache server to download the listings into an xml file on the server? From there I can do what I need to do. This is only used by me but I am away from the house a lot so I want it accessible when I am on the road.
Any advice?


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5" HD 800*480 GPS Navi,128MB RAM,BLUETOOTH,AV-IN,4GB 2010 MAP
Quality and workmanship is above average. Regarding OS, I managed to install Garmin, Igo Primo, Route 66, Tomtom. Battery last only 30 min. per charge. No way to verify the capacity of sdram installed. No instruction on how to access WinCE screen. Delivery time is OK. I decide to buy another 7 inches unit.
Date Added: 04/22/2012 by Pongpun Manorot


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Pictured: Katie Shields was recently named head women's soccer coach at Saint Louis University.
SAINT LOUIS, Mo. – Former Harvard soccer standout player and former assistant coach Katie Shields has been named head women's soccer coach at Saint Louis University.
Shields was promoted after serving as an assistant coach for the 2012 season. She spent the previous two seasons as an assistant coach at Northwestern while coordinating the program's recruiting. Prior to her stint with the Wildcats, she was an assistant coach and recruiting coordinator at Harvard for three years and an assistant coach at UC Irvine for one season.
"During our search, we engaged in exhaustive communication with National Team coaches, U.S. Soccer officials and NCAA College Cup coaches," May said. "They were unanimous in their support of Katie Shields as a leader who is ready to be a successful head coach.
"Katie is passionate about soccer and is committed to our department goals of educating student-athletes, competing at the highest level and building community," May said. "We are confident she will develop a championship program by building trust, demonstrating a commitment to excellence and showing she cares about her student-athletes."
"I am thrilled and honored to be the head women's soccer coach at Saint Louis University," Shields said. "I am grateful to (vice president for student development) Dr. Kent Porterfield, Chris May, and (associate director of athletics) Janet Oberle for believing in me and my vision to lead the SLU women's soccer program.
Shields helped guide Harvard to the Ivy League title and appearances in the 2008 and 2009 NCAA Tournaments.
She has coached two Ivy League Rookies of the Year, 16 all-conference selections and six National Soccer Coaches Association of America All-Region choices.
In addition to her collegiate coaching experience, Shields served as assistant goalkeeping coach for the Boston Breakers of Women's Professional Soccer in 2009; head coach of the Boston Bolts F.C. U10-U12 girls for two years; and camp director/senior staff member of Soccerplus Goalkeeper School from 2006-11.
A goalkeeper, Shields enjoyed a distinguished playing career (2002-05) at Harvard. She garnered All-Ivy accolades all four seasons and was an NSCAA All-Region honoree and team captain her senior campaign. Shields ranked fourth nationally in save percentage in 2005, set the school record for shutouts in a season and helped lead the 2004 Crimson to the NCAA Championship.
Shields is a 2006 graduate of Harvard with a bachelor of arts degree in government.


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