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Theoretical Physics Moderatorship 2018-19
Junior Fresh Year (Mathematics Modules)
Note: Although the list of modules has been updated recently, the regulations that appear below refer to the academic year 2017/18. These regulations will slightly change because of the Trinity Education Project and their updated version will be posted in mid August.
Michaelmas term
- MA1111 Linear algebra I Lecturer: Prof. Vladimir Dotsenko
- MA1125 Single-variable calculus and introductory analysis [10 credits] Lecturer: Prof. Paschalis Karageorgis
- MA1241 Mechanics I Lecturer: Prof. Jan Manschot
Hilary term
- MA1112 Linear algebra II [prerequisite: MA1111] Lecturer: Prof. Vladimir Dotsenko
- MA1132 Advanced calculus [prerequisites: MA1111, MA1125] Lecturer: Prof. Kirk Soodhalter
- MA1242 Mechanics II [prerequisite: MA1241] Lecturer: Prof. Jan Manschot
- MA1266 Introduction to programming in C Lecturer: Prof. Colm Ó Dúnlaing
All modules must be taken. This gives a total of 40 ECTS credits in Maths. Unless indicated otherwise, each module is worth 5 credits.
Junior Fresh Year (Physics Modules)
Michaelmas term
PY1T10 Physics for Theoretical Physics [10 credits]
Hilary term
PY1T20 Physics for Theoretical Physics [10 credits]
All modules must be taken. This gives a total of 20 ECTS credits in Physics.
For the details of Physics modules see here.
Theoretical Physics Moderatorship Regulations for the Freshman Years
The regulations that apply to the Moderatorship Course in Theoretical Physics are set out in the The University of Dublin Calendar (School of Mathematics).
- Students take modules to the value of 60 credits (30 in each term).
- As all modules are compulsory, there is no need to register any module options, but students should check that their modules are correctly recorded at the student portal.
- Papers are set on a majority of modules at the annual examination (held in April/May). The mark for these modules may also incorporate credit for assessed work throughout the academic year as prescribed by the lecturers concerned. (For further information on assessment, consult the individual module descriptions.)
- Results for examinations are published according to the following grades: I = 70 to 100, II.1 = 60 to 69, II.2 = 50 to 59, III = 40 to 49, F.1 = 30 to 39, F.2 = 0 to 29.
- In order to pass an individual module, students must attain a mark of at least 40%.
- In order to pass at the annual or supplemental examination
students must either
pass in each module,
pass by compensation, which is possible in two ways:
- Obtain a credit weighted average of at least 40% AND pass modules totalling at least 50 credits AND have at least 35% in the remaining module(s), or
- Obtain a credit weighted average of at least 40% AND pass modules totalling at least 55 credits AND have at least 30% in the remaining module.
- pass in each module,
- Students who do not either pass or pass by compensation at the annual examinations must supplement in all failed modules (at examinations held in August/September). Supplemental results are assessed by the same regulations as at the annual examinations, based on the modules passed at the annual examination session together with the results at the supplemental session.
- Students who do not attend regularly, who are absent from tests and examinations without good cause may be returned to the Senior Lecturer's office as non-satisfactory for the relevant term. Non-satisfactory students may be refused permission to take their annual examination and may be required to repeat their year by the Senior Lecturer.
- Students who do not pass at the annual or supplemental examinations are subject to regulations on repetition of year stated in The University of Dublin Calendar (Part II).
(These regulations apply from the academic year 2012-13.)
Sources of Information
The University of Dublin Calendar
All courses within Trinity College are administered in accordance with the regulations set out in the The University of Dublin Calendar which is published annually. The section of the Calendar setting out the general regulations of the College is published separately in the booklet General Regulations and Information and Board Statement on Safety which is distributed to all students on admission to College.
In particular, the following information can be found in the online version of the University Calendar:
- Regulations concerning Undergraduate Degrees and Diplomas in the School of Mathematics
- General Regulations for Two-Subject Moderatorship Courses
- Content of Subjects in Two-Subject Moderatorship Courses
Important information.
- All students should study the requirements of the university with regard to avoiding plagiarism. In particular all students are required to certify, on submitting assignments etc., that they have read and understood the plagiarism provisions in the General Regulations of the University Calendar for the current year found at http://www.tcd.ie/calendar, and that they have also completed the Online Tutorial on avoiding plagiarism 'Ready Steady Write' located at http://tcd-ie.libguides.com/plagiarism/ready-steady-write.
- Student Guidelines concerning Examinations and Assessment are available on the College web site.
- For students with special requirements resulting from disabilities, there are special arrangements that can be made.
- For dates of terms and other College dates consult the Key Dates listed on the College website.
- For information on their academic progress, including information on course and module registrations, lecture timetables, examination timetables and examination results, students should log into My.tcd.ie (the student administration portal) with their College username and password.
- Some modules may require students to log into MyModule (Blackboard) for lecture notes and slides, and for assessment purposes (online completion of tests , submission of assignments, etc.).
- There is a Student Homepage on the College website, which may be accessed via a link from the TCD Local page.
Please note that The University of Dublin Calendar should be consulted for definitive information about the rules, regulations, and activities of the University.
This course is funded by the Irish government under the National Development Plan 2007-2013 and aided by the European Social Fund (ESF) under the Human Capital Investment Operational Programme 2007-2013.


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Story highlights
- A fifth of the world's population still live without access to electricity
- After dark, most rely on the light from kerosene and other fuel-based lamps
- However, Kerosene is toxic, polluting, dim and very expensive
- Now a new market has opened in developing world for solar-powered LED lamps
When the sun goes down over large swathes of the developing world, the 1.3 billion people currently living without access to an electricity connection are plunged into darkness.
According to figures from the International Energy Agency, at least 20% of the planet's inhabitants are still without the simple luxury of a light-switch.
From the shantytowns of Sub-Saharan Africa to the sprawling slums of the Indian sub-continent, night-time brings with it a noxious ritual of candles, gas lamps and open fires.
"Fuel-powered light is dangerous, polluting, expensive and dim," says Dr Evan Mills, founder of the Lumina Project, an initiative that promotes low-carbon alternatives to fuel-based lighting in the developing world.
According to studies conducted by Mills and his colleagues at the Berkeley Laboratory at the University of California, this "dirty light" consumes 77 billion liters of fuel worldwide, costing its predominantly impoverished end-users a total of $38 billion annually.
And they don't call it dirty for nothing. If a single kerosene lantern burns for an average of four hours a day it emits over 100kg of CO2 a year, says Mills. "The combustion of fuel for lighting consequently results in 190 million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions, equivalent to one-third the total emissions from the UK," he adds.
Patrick Avato, director of the Lighting Africa program -- focused on developing commercial off-grid lighting markets in Sub-Saharan Africa -- says that what's toxic for the atmosphere is no less toxic for the lungs.
"Indoor air pollution from kerosene wick lamps can cause fatal respiratory problems over time," he says. "Deaths from accidental fire are also all-too common, particularly among cramped, built-up settlements."
Adding insult to injury, the quality of petrol-fueled light is grossly inferior to its electric counterpart. "If you're trying to read or work, the murky light produced by a candle or gas lamp is not very useful," says Avato, who is also energy and climate change specialist for the International Finance Organization.
Mills puts the problem in numbers. He says that those without electricity pay hundreds of times more per lumen -- the unit measurement of visible light emitted by a source -- than those who enjoy free-flowing electricity.
"In real terms, they contribute a fifth of all the money spent on lighting globally, but get less than 1% of the total lumens," he says.
While it might seem that the obvious solution is to expand electricity grids, in recent years more environmentally sustainable and immediately accessible alternatives have emerged. Chief among them is the solar-powered light emitting diode (LED) lamp.
"When we started out 15 years ago, there were no scalable solutions -- large energy-hungry fluorescent bulbs required large, expensive solar panels and complicated installation" says Mills. "Now, LEDs the size of a cherry can generate light 100 times brighter than a kerosene lamp at a very low wattage, while solar cells have become much more efficient."
As production costs fall, a burgeoning industry has formed to provide cheap off-grid lighting solutions to a potentially vast market scattered throughout the developing world.
Read-related: Plastic bottles light up lives
Amit Chugh is co-founder of Cosmos Ignite -- a New Delhi-based start-up who developed the "MightyLight" -- a hard-wearing, portable and waterproof lamp that runs for 12 hours on a single solar charge and retails for just $25.
"There are now about 100,000 people using the lamp worldwide ... from kids doing their homework to grocery stall owners who want to stay open after dark," says Chugh, who was inspired to develop the product after witnessing first-hand the hardships caused by light deprivation in his native India.
"You have some night-fisherman spending up to a dollar a day on kerosene -- a huge chunk of their income. If they buy a solar lamp they've potentially recouped their investment in a month or so, freeing-up extra money to invest in their business," he says.
Influenced by C.K. Prahalad's book "The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid" -- championing the collective buying power of people earning a few dollars a day -- Chugh and his American founding partner Matt Scott have predicated their business model on the idea that world's poorest can be the drivers of commercial innovation.
"The MightyLight is really a co-creation with the target users. We developed it exactly how they wished it to be ... and the result is a product that would appeal even to the wealthy in New York," he says.
According to Avato, it's this focus on entrepreneurship -- as opposed to aid -- that has underpinned much of the progress around off-grid lighting over the last few years.
"It's taken a while to convince investors that there is a viable market here. But you just have to look at the figures -- Africans alone spend $10 billion a year on kerosene, and there are 600 million people without electricity," he says.
At the recent Lighting Africa Conference in Nairobi, Avato claims there were over 50 companies promoting their off-grid lighting products -- up from just a handful only two years ago. This, he says, has helped enable 1.5 million people across the continent to acquire some form of cheap, off-grid, renewably powered light.
"The market is proving to be a more effective mechanism at providing long-term solutions than government or NGO aid," he says.
For Mills, the entrepreneurial model in this case has both social and environmentally practical benefits.
"Rather than the old 'relief' mentality around solar where you have charitable organizations dumping these lights from a helicopter, you now have individuals making small investments for themselves and yielding big returns. It's a more sustainable model that fosters aspiration," he says.

subset: commoncrawl


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It was a hard decision for me to go back to work. I love being home with my kids and have loved the internet businesses I have gotten into. I love blogging and Freebie Trading. But, it had been getting harder to afford to continue to live on the income I made. When I had run a home daycare, the money form Freebie Trading and Blogging made it much easier, but since my daughter went to school 5 days this year, and my son already was, I didn't want to watch other kids with mine there. So I decided to give it a go with out the daycare. It was just to tight for our liking, so I was very lucky to find a fantastic counseling job in a Junior/Senior Highschool! But my going back to work is an adjustment for everyone. I decided to share my tackle on Toddler Crafts so that other parents going back to work, might have some tips to help them and their families with the transition.
It has gone quite smoothly and I think it is a good change. I wish I had more time for my blogging and freebie trading, but I still get some of it done on my day off during the week. It's a big tackle, but I think we are conquering it!


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Difference between revisions of "Wireless network configuration"
(→Disabling LED blink)
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# modprobe iwlagn
# modprobe iwlagn
On Linux 220.127.116.11-1 and up, the iwlcore module was deprecated. Use "options iwlagn led_mode=1" instead.
On Linux 22.214.171.124-1 and up, the iwlcore module was deprecated. Use "options iwlagn led_mode=1" instead .
=====Other Notes=====
=====Other Notes=====
Revision as of 00:36, 12 June 2011
Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary end
Configuring wireless is a two-part process; the first part is to identify and ensure the correct driver for your wireless device is installed, (they are available on the installation media, so make sure you install them) and to configure the interface. The second is choosing a method of managing wireless connections. This article covers both parts, and provides additional links to wireless management tools.
About new Arch systems: The wireless drivers and tools are available during Arch set-up under the base-devel category. Be sure to install the proper driver for your card. Udev will usually load the appropriate module, thereby creating the wireless interface, in the initial live system of the installer, as well as the newly installed system on your hard drive. If you are configuring your wireless functionality after, and not during, Arch installation, simply ensure the required packages are installed with pacman, (driver, firmware if needed, wireless_tools, wpa_supplicant, etc.) and follow the guidelines below.
- 1 Part I: Identify Card/Install Driver
- 1.1 Identify and Discover if Supported
- 1.2 How it works
- 1.3 Installation
- 1.4 Drivers and firmware
- 1.4.1 wlan-ng (obsolete)
- 1.4.2 rt2860 and rt2870
- 1.4.3 w322u
- 1.4.4 rtl8180
- 1.4.5 rtl8192e
- 1.4.6 rtl8192s
- 1.4.7 rt2x00
- 1.4.8 rt2500, rt61, rt73 (obsolete)
- 1.4.9 madwifi-ng
- 1.4.10 ath5k
- 1.4.11 ath9k
- 1.4.12 ath9k_htc
- 1.4.13 ipw2100 and ipw2200
- 1.4.14 iwl3945, iwl4965 and iwl5000-series
- 1.4.15 ipw3945 (obsolete)
- 1.4.16 orinoco
- 1.4.17 ndiswrapper
- 1.4.18 prism54
- 1.4.20 b43
- 1.4.21 broadcom-wl
- 1.4.22 brcm80211
- 1.4.23 rtl8187
- 1.4.24 zd1211rw
- 1.4.25 carl9170
- 1.5 Test installation
- 2 Part II: Wireless management
- 3 See also
- 4 External links
Part I: Identify Card/Install Driver
Identify and Discover if Supported
First you will need to check and see if the Linux kernel has support for your card or if a user-space driver is available for it.
- Identify your card
- You can find your card type by running
lspci | grep -i net
from the command line.
- Or, if you have a USB device, run
- Discover if card is supported
- The Ubuntu Wiki has a good list of wireless cards and whether or not they are supported either in the Linux kernel or by a user-space driver (includes driver name).
- Linux Wireless Support and The Linux Questions' Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) also have a good database of kernel-friendly hardware.
- The kernel page additionaly has a matrix of supported hardware.
- If your card isn't listed
- If your wireless hardware isn't listed above, likely it is supported only under Windows (some Broadcom, 3com, etc). For these you will need to use ndiswrapper. Ndiswrapper is a wrapper script that allows you to use some Windows drivers in Linux. See the compatibility list here. You will need the Template:Filename and Template:Filename files from your Windows install. If you have a newer card, or more exotic card, you might want to look up your exact model name and 'linux' and search the internet before doing this step.
How it works
The default Arch kernel is modular, meaning many of the drivers for machine hardware reside on the hard drive and are available as modules. At boot, udev takes an inventory of your hardware. Udev will load appropriate modules (drivers) for your corresponding hardware, and the driver, in turn, will allow creation of a kernel interface.
The interface name for different drivers and chipsets will vary. Some examples are wlan0, eth1, and ath0.
- Note: Udev is not perfect. If the proper module is not loaded by udev on boot, simply modprobe it and add the module name to etc/rc.conf on the MODULES= line. Note also that udev may occasionally load more than one driver for a device, and the resulting conflict will prevent successful configuration. Be sure to blacklist the unwanted module on the MODULES= line by prefixing it with a bang (!).
If you have wired internet available
If you have wired ethernet available, and are simply adding wireless functionality to an existing system, and did not include wireless_tools during initial installation, use pacman to install:
# pacman -S wireless_tools
The drivers' corresponding package names are all highlighted in bold on this page. The packages can be installed during initial package selection on the Arch installation media and can also be installed later with pacman, e.g.:
# pacman -S madwifi
If you have only wireless internet available
The wireless_tools package is now available as part of the base system and is also on the live installation media (CD/USB stick image) under the base-devel category.
You cannot initialize wireless hardware without these user-space tools, so ensure they are installed from the installer media, (during package selection), especially if you have no means of networking other than wirelessly. Otherwise, you will be stuck in a recursion when you reboot your newly installed Arch system; you will need wireless_tools and drivers, but in order to get them, you will need wireless_tools and drivers.
Drivers and firmware
Methods and procedures for installing drivers for various chip-sets are covered below. In addition, certain chip-sets require the installation of corresponding firmware (also covered below).
wlan-ng (obsolete)
Packages: wlan-ng26-utils
This driver supports PRISM based cards, which are hard to find now. The PRISM card is an IEEE 802.11 compliant 2.4 GHz DSSS WLAN network interface card that uses the Intersil PRISM chip-set for its radio functions and the AMD PCNet-Mobile chip (AM79C930) for its Media Access Controller (MAC) function. The supported adapters can be found from here: http://www.linux-wlan.org/docs/wlan_adapters.html.gz
For wlan-ng you do not need the wireless_tools package as mentioned above. Instead you will need to learn the tools in the wlan-ng26-utils package: wlancfg and wlanctl-ng.
See http://www.linux-wlan.org/
rt2860 and rt2870
In kernel since 2.6.29 and requires no extra packages. It can be configured using the standard wpa_supplicant and iwconfig tools. Unfortunately this does not go for Arch. In order to get it to work, disabling the following modules in rc.conf has proven to be successful:
MODULES=(!rt2800pci !rt61pci !rt2x00pci !rt2800usb !rt2800lib !rt2x00usb !rt2x00lib)
It has a wide range of options that can be configured with iwpriv. These are documented in the source tarballs available from Ralink
For rt2870sta, also see Rt2870
Treat this Tenda card as an rt2870sta. See: Rt2870
Realtek rtl8180 PCI/Cardbus 802.11b now fully supported in the kernel. It can be configured using the standard wpa_supplicant and iwconfig tools.
The driver is part of the current kernel package. It can be configured using the standard wpa_supplicant and iwconfig tools.
Note: wicd may cause excessive dropped connections with this driver, while NetworkManager appears to work better.
The driver is part of the current kernel package. Firmware may need to be added manually if /lib/firmware/RTL8192SU/rtl8192sfw.bin does not exist. (dmesg will report "rtl819xU:FirmwareRequest92S(): failed" if the firmware is missing)
To download and install firmware:
$ wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/33927923/rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009.tar.gz # mkdir /lib/firmware/RTL8192SU # tar -xzOf rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009.tar.gz \ rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009/firmware/RTL8192SE/rtl8192sfw.bin > \ /lib/firmware/RTL8192SU/rtl8192sfw.bin
Note: An alternate version of the firmware may be found here, but this version may cause dropped connections.
Note: wicd may cause excessive dropped connections with this driver, while NetworkManager appears to work better.
Unified driver for Ralink chip-sets (replaces rt2500,rt61,rt73 etc). In kernel since 2.6.24, some devices require extra firmware. It can be configured using the standard wpa_supplicant and iwconfig tools.
Some chips require a firmware file, which can be installed as follows, depending on the chip-set:
pacman -S linux-firmware
See: Using the new rt2x00 beta driver
rt2500, rt61, rt73 (obsolete)
For Ralink
* PCI/PCMCIA based rt2500 series chip-sets. * PCI/PCMCIA based rt61 series chip-sets * USB based rt73 series chip-sets.
Drivers are now obsolete and unsupported. The rt2x00 driver family is stable and to be used instead.
Support standard iwconfig tools for unencrypted and WEP connections, although it can be quite sensitive to the order of commands. The driver does support WPA (using hardware encryption), but in a non-standard way. wpa_supplicant appears to include special support for this driver, and it is also possible to negotiate a WPA connection manually using iwpriv commands. See these instructions for details.
Package: madwifi (and optionaly madwifi-utils)
The module is called ath_pci.
Note there are newer modules maintained by the MadWifi team:
- ath5k will eventually phase out ath_pci. Currently a better choice for some chipsets.
- ath9k is the new, official, superior driver for newer Atheros hardware (see below).
modprobe ath_pci
for the older driver, or:
modprobe ath5k
for the development version. Note that not all cards work with ath5k yet.
If using ath_pci, you may need to blacklist ath5k by adding it to the MODULES=array in /etc/rc.conf, and subsequently prefixing it with a bang (!):
MODULES=(!ath5k forcedeth snd_intel8x0 ... ...)
Some users may need to use the 'countrycode' option when loading the MadWifi driver in order to use channels and transmit power settings that are legal in their country/region. In the Netherlands, for example, you would load the module like this:
modprobe ath_pci countrycode=528
You can verify the settings with the iwlist command. See man iwlist and the CountryCode page on the MadWifi wiki. To have this setting automatically applied during boot, add the following to /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf:
options ath_pci countrycode=528
ath5k is the preferred driver for AR5xxx chipsets including those which are already working with madwifi-ng and for some chipsets older than AR5xxx.
If ath5k is conflicting with ath_pci on your system, blacklist (and unload using rmmod or reboot) the following drivers...
MODULES=( ... !ath_hal !ath_pci !ath_rate_amrr !ath_rate_onoe !ath_rate_sample !wlan !wlan_acl !wlan_ccmp !wlan_scan_ap !wlan_scan_sta !wlan_tkip !wlan_wep !wlan_xauth ... )
then modprobe ath5k manualy or reboot. wlan0 (or wlanX) in sta mode should spawn and become ready to use.
echo none > "/sys/class/leds/ath5k-phy0::tx/trigger" echo none > "/sys/class/leds/ath5k-phy0::rx/trigger"For alternative look {{here}}
ath9k is Atheros' officially supported driver for the newer 11n chip-sets. All of the chips with 11n capabilities are supported, with a maximum throughput around 180 Mbps. To see a complete list of supported hardware, check this page.
Working modes: Station, AP and Adhoc.
ath9k has been part of the kernel as of 2.6.27. Support seems acceptable as of 2.6.32 (see details on linuxwireless.org). (In the unlikely event that you have stability issues that trouble you, you could try using the compat-wireless package. An ath9k mailing list exists for support and development related discussions.)
ath9k_htc is Atheros' officially supported driver for 11n USB devices. Station and Ad-Hoc modes are supported. Since 2.6.35, the driver has been included in the kernel. For more information, see http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k_htc .
ipw2100 and ipw2200
Fully supported in the kernel, but requires additional firmware. It can be configured using the standard wpa_supplicant and iwconfig tools.
Depending on which of the chips you have, use either:
pacman -S ipw2100-fw
pacman -S ipw2200-fw
If installing after initial Arch installation, the module may need to be reloaded for the firmware to be loaded; run the following as root:
rmmod ipw2200 modprobe ipw2200
Enabling the radiotap interface
Launch the following (as root):
rmmod ipw2200 modprobe ipw2200 rtap_iface=1
Enabling the LED
Most laptops will have a front LED to indicate when the wireless is connected (or not). Run the following (as root) to enable this feature:
echo "options ipw2200 led=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/ipw2200.conf
or if using sudo:
echo "options ipw2200 led=1" | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/ipw2200.conf
iwl3945, iwl4965 and iwl5000-series
Intel's open source WiFi drivers for Linux (See iwlwifi) will work for both the 3945 and 4965 chipsets since kernel v2.6.24. And iwl5000-series chipsets (including 5100BG, 5100ABG, 5100AGN, 5300AGN and 5350AGN) module has been supported since kernel 2.6.27, by the intree driver iwlagn.
Installing Firmware (Microcode)
Important: Installing these firmware packages is not required since the 2.6.34 kernel update, when the firmware files were moved to the linux-firmware package:
# pacman -S linux-firmware
If you need wireless connectivity to access pacman's repositories, the firmware files are also available direct from Intel. See this page, select and download the archive.
$ wget http://intellinuxwireless.org/iwlwifi/downloads/iwlwifi-XXXX-ucode-XXX.XX.X.XX.tgz
After downloading, you must extract and copy the *.ucode file to the firmware directory, commonly /lib/firmware
# tar zxvf iwlwifi-XXXX-ucode-XXX.XX.X.XX.tgz # cd iwlwifi-XXXX-ucode-XXX.XX.X.XX/ # cp iwlwifi-XXXX-X.ucode /lib/firmware/
Loading the Driver
If MOD_AUTOLOAD is set to yes in /etc/rc.conf (it is by default) that should be all that is required. Simply check for the presence of the drivers by running ifconfig -a from a terminal. There should be a listing for wlan0.
Do this ONLY if MOD_AUTOLOAD is not set: to manually load the driver at startup, edit /etc/rc.conf as root and add iwl3945 or iwl4965 respectively to the MODULES array. For example:
MODULES=( ... b44 mii iwl3945 snd-mixer-oss ...)
The drivers should now load after a reboot, and running ifconfig -a from a terminal should report wlan0 as a new network interface.
Disabling LED blink
The default settings on the module are to have the LED blink on activity. Some people like myself find this extremely annoying. To have the LED on solid when wifi is active:
# echo "options iwlcore led_mode=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf # rmmod iwlagn # rmmod iwlcore # modprobe iwlcore # modprobe iwlagn
On Linux 220.127.116.11-1 and up, the iwlcore module was deprecated. Use "options iwlagn led_mode=1" or "opwtions iwl_legacy led_mode=1" instead (find out what module is loaded with lsmod).
Other Notes
- The windows NETw4x32 driver can be used with ndiswrapper as an alternative to the iwl3945 and ipw3945 drivers
- In some cases (specifically a Dell Latitude D620 with Arch 2008.06, though it could happen elsewhere) after installation you may have both iwl3945 and ipw3945 in your MODULES=() section of rc.conf. The card will not work with both modules loaded, so you will have to ! out the ipw3945 module and then reboot or remove the module manually before you can use your wireless card.
- By default iwl3945 is configured to only work with networks on channels 1-11. Higher ranges are not allowed in some parts of the world (US). In the EU however channels 12 and 13 are used quite common. To make iwl3945 scan for all channels, add "options cfg80211 ieee80211_regdom=EU" to /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf. With "iwlist f" you can check which channels are allowed.
- If you want to enable more channels on Intel Wifi 5100 (and quite possible other cards too) you can do that with the crda package. After install, edit /etc/conf.d/wireless-regdom and uncomment the line where your country code is found. Add wireless-regdom to your DAEMONS in rc.conf and restart (which is the easiest thing to do). You should now, when writing sudo iwlist wlan0 channel, have access to more channels (depending on your location).
- The wifi power management can be enabled by adding:
iwconfig wlan0(change as appropriate) power on to /etc/rc.local.
ipw3945 (obsolete)
# pacman -S ipw3945 ipw3945-ucode ipw3945d
To initialize the driver on startup, edit /etc/rc.conf as root and add ipw3945 to the MODULES array and ipw3945d to the DAEMONS array. For example:
MODULES=(... mii ipw3945 snd-mixer-oss ...)
DAEMONS=(syslog-ng ipw3945d network ...)
Note: The ipw3945d daemon must be inserted BEFORE all other network daemons in the array.
This should be part of the kernel package and be installed already.
Note: Some orinoco chipsets are Hermes I/II. You can use http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=9637 to replace the orinoco driver and gain WPA support. See http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=2154534#post2154534 for more information.
To use the driver, blacklist orinoco_cs in rc.conf (!orinoco_cs in the MODULES array) and add wlags49_h1_cs. Example:
MODULES=(!eepro100 !orinoco_cs wlags49_h1_cs)
Ndiswrapper is not a real driver, but you can use it when there are no native Linux kernel drivers for your wireless chips. So it is very useful in some situations. To use it you need the *.inf file from your Windows driver (the *.sys file must also be present in the same directory). Be sure to use drivers appropriate to your architecture (i.e. 32/64bit). If you need to extract these files from an *.exe file, you can use either cabextract or wine. Ndiswrapper is included on the Arch Linux installation CD.
Follow these steps to configure ndiswrapper.
#Install the driver to /etc/ndiswrapper/* ndiswrapper -i filename.inf #List all installed driver for ndiswrapper ndiswrapper -l #Write configuration file in /etc/modprobe.d/ndiswrapper.conf ndiswrapper -m depmod -a
Now the ndiswrapper install is almost finished; you just have to update /etc/rc.conf to load the module at boot (below is a sample of my config; yours might look slightly different):
MODULES=(ndiswrapper snd-intel8x0 !usbserial)
The important part is making sure that ndiswrapper exists on this line, so just add it alongside the other modules. It would be best to test that ndiswrapper will load now, so:
modprobe ndiswrapper iwconfig
and wlan0 should exist. Check this page if you're having problems: Ndiswrapper installation wiki.
Download the firmware driver for your appropriate card from this site. Rename the firmware file to 'isl3890'. If nonexistent, create the directory /lib/firmware and place the file 'isl3890' in it. This should do the trick. [1]
If that did not work, try this:
- Reload the prism module (modprobe p54usb or modprobe p54pci, depending on your hardware)
alternatively remove your wifi card and then reconnect it
- Use the "dmesg" command, and look at the end of the output it prints out.
Look for a section looking like this:
firmware: requesting isl3887usb_bare p54: LM86 firmware p54: FW rev 126.96.36.199 - Softmac protocol 3.0
and try renaming the firmware file to the name corresponding to the part bolded here.
If you get message
SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not permitted
when performing 'ifconfig wlan0 up' OR
prism54: Your card/socket may be faulty, or IRQ line too busy :(
appears in dmesg this may be because you have both the deprecated kernel module "prism54" and the newer kernel module "p54pci" or "p54usb" loaded at the same time and they are fighting over ownership of the IRQ. Use command "lsmod | grep prism54" to see if indeed the deprecated module is being loaded. If so you need to stop "prism54" loading by blacklisting it (there are several ways to do this which are described elsewhere). Once blacklisted, you may find you have to rename the firmware as prism54 and p54pci/p54usb look for different firmware filenames (i.e. recheck the dmesg output after performing ifconfig wlan0 up).
packages: tiacx tiacx-firmware
The driver should tell you which firmware it needs; check /var/log/messages.log or use the dmesg command.
Link the appropriate firmware to '/lib/firmware':
ln -s /usr/share/tiacx/acx111_184.108.40.206/tiacx111c16 /lib/firmware
For another way to determine which firmware revision number to use, see the "Which firmware" section of the acx100.sourceforge wiki. For ACX100, you can follow the links provided there, to a table of card model number vs. "firmware files known to work"; you can figure out the rev. number you need, by looking at the suffix there. E.g. a dlink_dwl650+ uses "1.9.8.b", in which case you'd do this:
ln -s /usr/share/tiacx/acx100_1.9.8.b/* /lib/firmware
If you find that the driver is spamming your kernel log, for example because you're running Kismet with channel-hopping, you could put this in /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf:
options acx debug=0
See the Broadcom wireless page.
See the Broadcom wireless page.
See the Broadcom wireless page.
See: rtl8187
zd1211rw is a driver for the ZyDAS ZD1211 802.11b/g USB WLAN chipset and it is included in recent versions of the Linux kernel. See [2] for a list of supported devices. You only need to install the firmware for the device:
pacman -S zd1211-firmware
carl9170 is the 802.11n USB driver with GPLv2 firmware for Atheros USB AR9170 devices. It support these devices. The firmware is not yet part of the linux-firmware package, it is available in AUR. The driver is part of kernel 2.6.37, for older kernel use the driver package from AUR. In order to use this driver, the older ar9170usb driver module must be blocked by adding the following lines to /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf:
blacklist arusb_lnx blacklist ar9170usb
Test installation
After loading your driver run
to ensure a wireless interface (wlanx, ethx, athx) is created.
If no such interface is visible, modprobing it might work. To start your driver, use the rmmod and modprobe commands (if rmmod fails, continue with modprobe).
Example: if your driver is called "driverXXX", you would run the following commands:
# rmmod driverXXX # modprobe driverXXX
Bring the interface up with
ifconfig <interface> up. e.g. assuming the interface is
# ifconfig wlan0 up
If you get this error message:
SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such file or directory it most certainly means your wireless chipset requires a firmware to function, which you need to install as explained above.
Part II: Wireless management
Assuming that your drivers are installed and working properly, you will need to choose a method for managing your wireless connections. The following subsections will help you decide the best way to do just that.
Procedure and tools required will depend on several factors:
- The desired nature of configuration management; from a completely manual command line setup procedure repeated at each boot to a software-managed, automated solution
- The encryption type (or lack thereof) which protects the wireless network
- The need for network profiles, if the computer will frequently change networks (such as a laptop)
Management methods
This table shows the different methods that can be used to activate and manage a wireless network connection, depending on the encryption and management types, and the various tools that are required. Although there may be other possibilities, these are the most frequently used:
|No encryption/WEP
|Manual, need to repeat at each computer reboot
ifconfig + iwconfig + dhcpcd/ifconfig
ifconfig + iwconfig + wpa_supplicant + dhcpcd/ifconfig
|Automatically managed, centralized without network profile support
|define interface in
|not covered
|Automatically managed, with network profiles support
Netcfg, newlan (AUR), wicd, NetworkManager, etc…
More choice guide:
|auto connect at boot
|with net-profiles daemon config in rc.conf
|auto connect if dropped
or changed location
|with net-auto-wireless daemon config in rc.conf
|support 3G Modem
|GUI (proposes to manage and connect/disconnect
profiles from a systray icon.
Automatic wireless detection is also available)
|with ArchAssitant
|console tools
|with wifi-select
|wicd-curses(part of wicd package)
|connect speed
Whatever your choice, you should try to connect using the manual method first. This will help you understand the different steps that are required and debug them in case a problem arose. Another tip: if possible (e.g. if you manage your wifi access point), try connecting with no encryption, to check everything works. Then try using encryption, either WEP (simpler to configure -- but crackable in a matter of minutes, so it's hardly more secure than an unencrypted connection) or WPA.
When it comes to easy of use, NetworkManager (with Gnome network-manager-applet) and wicd have good GUIs and can provide a list of available networks to connect, they prompt for passwords, which is straightforward and highly recommended. (Note Gnome network-manager-applet also works under xfce4 if you install xfce4-xfapplet-plugin first, also there are applet available for KDE.)
Manual setup
The programs provided by the package wireless_tools are the basic set of tools to set up a wireless network. Moreover, if you use WPA/WPA2 encryption, you will need the package wpa_supplicant. These powerful userspace console tools work extremely well and allow complete, manual control from the shell.
These examples assume your wireless device is
wlan0. Replace
wlan0 with the appropriate device name.
Step 0. (Optional, may be required) At this step you may need to set the proper operating mode of the wireless card. More specifically, if you're going to connect an ad-hoc network, you might need to set the operating mode to ad-hoc:
# iwconfig wlan0 mode ad-hoc
ifconfig wlan0 down).
Step 1. (Also optional, may be required) Some cards require that the kernel interface be activated before you can use the wireless_tools:
# ifconfig wlan0 up
Step 2. See what access points are available:
# iwlist wlan0 scan
Step 3. Depending on the encryption, you need to associate your wireless device with the access point to use and pass the encryption key.
Assuming you want to use the ESSID named
- No encryption
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid"
using an hexadecimal key:
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid" key 1234567890
using an ascii key:
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid" key s:asciikey
You need to edit the
/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf file as described in WPA_Supplicant. Then, issue this command:
# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
This is assuming your device uses the
wext driver. If this does not work, you may need to adjust these options.
If connected successfully, continue in a new terminal (or quit wpa_supplicant with CTRL+C and add the -B switch to above command to run it in the background). WPA_Supplicant contains more information and troubleshooting.
Regardless of the method used, you can check if you have associated successfully as follows:
# iwconfig wlan0
Note: In some setups it may still display "Access Point: Not-Associated", continue onto the next step.
Step 4. Finally, provide an IP address to the network interface. Simple examples are:
# dhcpcd wlan0
for DHCP, or
# ifconfig wlan0 192.168.0.2 # route add default gw 192.168.0.1
for static IP.
Note: If you get an timeout error due to a waiting for carrier problem then you might have to set channel mode to auto for the specific device.
# iwconfig wlan0 channel auto
Automatic setup
There are many solutions to choose from, but remember that all of them are mutually exclusive; you should not run two daemons simultaneously.
Standard network daemon
- The /etc/rc.conf file is sourced by the network script. Therefore, you may define and configure a simple wireless setup within /etc/rc.conf for a centralized approach with wlan_<interface>="<interface> essid <essid>" and INTERFACES=(<interface1> <interface2>). The name of the network goes in place of MyEssid.
For example:
# /etc/rc.conf eth0="dhcp" wlan0="dhcp" wlan_wlan0="wlan0 essid MyEssid" # Unencrypted #wlan_wlan0="wlan0 essid MyEssid key 1234567890" # hex WEP key #wlan_wlan0="wlan0 essid MyEssid key s:asciikey" # ascii WEP key INTERFACES=(eth0 wlan0)
Not all wireless cards are
wlan0. Determine your wireless interface with ifconfig -a.
Atheros-based cards, for example, are typically
ath0, so change
wlan_wlan0 to:
wlan_ath0="ath0 essid MyEssid key 12345678"
Also define ath0 in the INTERFACES=line.)
- Alternatively, you may define wlan_<interface> within /etc/conf.d/wireless, (which is also sourced by the network script), for a de-centralized approach:
# /etc/conf.d/wireless wlan_wlan0="wlan0 essid MyEssid"
These solutions are limited for a laptop which is always on the move. It would be good to have multiple Network Profiles and be able to easily switch from one to another. That is the aim of network managers, such as netcfg.
netcfg provides a versatile, robust and fast solution to networking on Arch.
It uses a profile based setup and is capable of detection and connection to a wide range of network types. This is no harder than using graphical tools. Following the directions above, you can get a list of wireless networks. Then, as with graphical tools, you will need a password.
See: Network Profiles, and Network Profiles development
Netcfg Easy Wireless LAN (newlan)
newlan is a mono console application that starts a user-friendly wizard to create netcfg profiles, it supports also wired connections.
Install from AUR: http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=33649
Or use the AUR helper of your choice.
newlan must be run with root privileges:
# sudo newlan -n mynewprofile
Autowifi is a daemon that configures your wireless network automatically depending on the ESSID. Once configured, no user interaction is necessary and no GUI tools are required.
See: Autowifi
Wicd is a network manager that can handle both wireless and wired connections. It is written in Python and Gtk with fewer dependencies than NetworkManager, making it an ideal solution for lightweight desktop users. Wicd is now available in the extra repository for both i686 and x86_64.
See: Wicd
NetworkManager is an advanced network management tool that is enabled by default in most popular GNU/Linux distributions. In addition to managing wired connections, NetworkManager provides worry-free wireless roaming with an easy-to-use GUI program for selecting your desired network.
See: NetworkManager
Wifi Radar
WiFi Radar is Python/PyGTK2 utility for managing wireless profiles (and only wireless). It enables you to scan for available networks and create profiles for your preferred networks.
See: Wifi Radar
Wlassistant is a very intuitive and straightforward GUI application for managing your wireless connections.
Install from AUR: http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=1726
Wlassistant must be run with root privileges:
# sudo wlassistant
One method of using wlassistant is to configure your wireless card within /etc/rc.conf, specifying the access point you use most often. On startup, your card will automatically be configured for this ESSID, but if other wireless networks are needed/available, wlassistant can then be invoked to access them. Background the network daemon in /etc/rc.conf, by prefixing it with a @, to avoid boot delays.
See also
External links
- NetworkManager -- The official website for NetworkManager
- WICD -- The official website for WICD
- Wifi Radar -- Wifi Radar information page
- The madwifi project's method of installing -- Recommended if you are having trouble after reading this article


text:
Occidental Leather 8080DB OxyLights Framer Tool Belt
Identical to the style and functional design of the all leather 5080DB ProLeather Tool Belt Series, the 8080DB intelligently combines leather and industrial nylon to lighten the builder's load.
The trademark OxyRed leather reinforces the main bag corners as well as provides our NoSpill system of all leather tool holders. Our most popular designs in a lighter weight alternative.
See LARGER IMAGE
Standard Equipment:
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- Pockets & Tool Holders: 21
- Weight: 3.8 lbs
- Fastener Bag Dimensions
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Medium Leather Tool Belt
Fits 33" to 35" waist.
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Fits 36" to 39" waist.
Extra Large Leather Tool Belt
Fits 40" to 45" waist.


text:
ScreenShade has been discontinued
ScreenShade is a tool for further dimming a screen (or screens) past the capabilities of the OS X brightness display settings. This utility is especially useful for people who find themselves using their computer in a low-lighting situation.
Please donate if you like it!
Please donate if you like it!
What's New in ScreenShade
Version 1.3:
- New: Added a welcome screen and mini tutorial
- Fix: Tweaked automatic update reporting to not always open the release notes URL
- Fix: The option-plus and option-minus hotkeys are no longer backwards
- Fix: ScreenShade no longer starts at 100% dark on the first launch
Requirements for ScreenShadeMac OS X 10.5 or later
*Previously available here
Similar Software
Suggest other similar software


text:
LAPD Wants to Talk to Chris Brown About Hit-and-Run, Could Face Jail Time
Chris Brown cannot stay outta trouble. The singer (and reported new puppy owner) was in what was first considered a fender bender last week. The accident is now being investigated by the LAPD as a hit-and-run, which would be a probation violation that could land him in jail. Yikes.
The fender bender has been upgraded to a hit-and-run investigation, since Breezy allegedly refused to provide his driver's license information to the woman he rear-ended. It was her fault, right?
While Breezy did provide insurance information, it was not the correct details.
Adding insult to injury, the usually tempermental star was cranky and gave the woman an attitude when she asked to hand over his ID.
As anyone who follows the star's exploits is well aware, he is on probation for the 2009 beating of his on-off ex Rihanna -- they are currently off, if you need the latest intel on that saga. One of the conditions of his probation is that he must obey the law. If he broke the law by leaving the scene of an accident without forking over proper documentation, as required by the law, then he violated the terms and could hit the clink for four years.
TMZ reports that the LAPD would like to have a lil' chat wth Breezy, who appears to be a trouble magnet in all aspects of his personal life, yo!


text:
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text:
Behind the Scenes at Linden Street Brewery in Oakland, CA
The brick warehouse where Linden Street Brewery is housed was built in the 1890s, and one of the brewery's focuses is on making what they call 'old California lagers'. The all-draft brewery offers a California common—a style you may know as the now-trademarked 'steam beer' which was once produced by most California breweries—plus a black lager, a red lager, and a 'Town lager,' and easy-drinking beer that only gets delivered to local spots by bike.
Why the focus on lagers? Though owner Adam Lamoreaux happily drinks California IPAs, "it's been done," he says. "We wanted to do something not everyone else is doing, not just bring more sand to the beach."
The four-man Linden Street team also works on special collaborations with local restaurants. Curiosity about San Francisco's native yeast population led to a project with baker Chad Robertson of Tartine Bakery in the Mission. Could beer be brewed using sourdough starter's native yeast population?
"Chad didn't think it could be done," says Lamoreaux. They gradually fed the yeast with a stronger and stronger sugar solution to build up its strength, until it could successfully ferment a 4% alcohol brew. First there was a 5 gallon batch, and then eventually they managed to make 60 gallons of the Daily Bred for Tartine. "Every generation of that yeast starter got wiser and more hungry—it's really become ravenous," says Lamoreaux. The starter can now ferment a Biere de Garde at over 9% ABV, and they recently brewed rich, tangy version adding in some of the Flavor King apricots that Tartine uses in their summer apricot soup.
On the day we visited Linden Street, they were brewing a batch of Superfly to go on tap at Oakland's Hawker Fare, made with malted barley and forbidden rice. "The rice gives it a nice nutty character," noted Lamoreaux. After the boil, they steep shiso and smashed lemongrass in the wort, "just like a tea bag," said Lamoreaux. "When we do it, it smells like Froot Loops in here."
The small brewhouse—which quickly did begin to smell like Froot Loops—is a 10-barrel system for now, but production is doubling every 4 to 6 months and they're in the process of expanding into the space next door, plus they hope to add a restaurant into an adjoining space in coming months.
For now, you can visit the tap room Tuesday-Friday from 5 to 8 p.m. and Saturdays from noon to 5 p.m. Thursdays often include a visit from the Fist of Flour mobile pizza oven. Brewery tours are available by appointment only.
Linden Street Brewery
95 Linden Street, Suite 7/8 (at W Embarcadero) Oakland, CA 94607 (map) 510-812-1264; lindenbeer.com
About the Author: Maggie Hoffman is the editor of Serious Eats: Drinks. You can follow her on Twitter @maggiejane.
This post may contain links to Amazon or other partners; your purchases via these links can benefit Serious Eats. Read more about our affiliate linking policy.


text:
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Tag Archives: luc dubanchet
Omnivore New York 2011
"I am the most stupid cooker of eggs."
A confession from the man in the red tee shirt. All morning, thick-framed eyeglasses slid down his Gallic nose as he spoke. With every punctuation mark, he'd scrunch his face to put them back in place. This time a hearty chuckle gave them an extra little push upwards. Our host was laughing at himself, and we giggled along with him.
"Just do new things, day after day. That is it."
This French chef's philosophizing might easily have created a motto for the event. It's also French, and they call it Omnivore. Created back in 2003 as a forum for the "young, free, and open-minded" in the world of food, last month marked its third bite out of Big Apple. That morning's chef-led master classes shared the playbill with a series of collaborative dinners that paired New York toques with their counterparts from abroad. Continue reading
Posted in Food Events Tagged carlo mirarchi, copenhagen, dovetail, giovanni passerini, gramercy tavern, jean-françois piège, jeremiah stone, jeune cuisine, john fraser, københavn, luc dubanchet, mads refslund, michael anthony, new york, omnivore, paris, paula reisen, rino, roberta's, thoumieux, what happens when 1 Comment


text:
Michigan Routs Iowa
ANN ARBOR, Mich. -- Devin Gardner accounted for six touchdowns to help Michigan (No. 21 BCS, No. 23 AP) rout Iowa 42-17 Saturday.
The Wolverines (8-3, 6-1 Big Ten) weren't stopped on offense by the hapless Hawkeyes (4-7, 2-5) until Gardner threw an interception early in the fourth quarter.
Gardner threw three touchdowns and ran for three scores. He became the first Michigan quarterback to account for six TDs since 1983 when Steve Smith had as many passing and rushing scores in a game at Minnesota.
Denard Robinson played after missing two-plus games with nerve damage in his right elbow. Robinson started at running back and took some snaps at QB, but didn't throw a pass.
Michigan running back Fitzgerald Toussaint appeared to break his left leg on his team's first drive.
Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press. All rights reserved. Material may not be redistributed.


text:
VFW Euchre Tournament
Name: VFW Euchre Tournament
Date: October 4, 2018
Time: 1:00 PM - 8:00 PM EDT
Event Description:
IONIA VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS POST 12082 IS HOSTING EUCHRE TOURNAMENTS EVERY THURSDAY STARTING AT 1:00PM. DOORS OPEN AT NOON. $10 ENTRY FEE. Cash payout for top 3 scores
"Like" Us on Facebook for Updates on Members and Community Events!


text:
Leave of Absence
Types of Leave Overview
Employee Rights Under FMLA
Return to Work
Return To Work Overview
Medical, Non-Work Related
Workers' Compensation
Supervisors & Managers
FMLA requires covered employers to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to
"eligible" employees for certain family and medical reasons. Employees are eligible if they have worked
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there are at least 50 employees within 75 miles. ( Employee Rights & Responsibilities Poster - U.S. Wage & Hour Division)
Reasons for Taking Leave
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Unlawful Acts by Employers
Additional Information
*The data provided in these pages is for informational purposes only and is subject to change.


text:
University of Oregon - American English Institute
The American English Institute (AEI) is the English language program for the University of Oregon (UO) in Eugene, Oregon. The AEI, founded in 1978, offers an intensive English program to pre-university students, undergraduate and graduate university students. The AEI also offers specially designed short-term programs to meet the special needs of international universities and government and agency-sponsored groups.
Faculty have a wide range of expertise in theoretical and applied linguistics, teacher training, curriculum development, cross-cultural communication and English for special purposes. All faculty have MAs or PhDs in Linguistics/ESL, Education, or related fields and have much international travel and work experience.
Eugene, Oregon is a medium-size city of less than 200,000 people. It has an airport that regularly has international connections through San Francisco (California), Seattle (Washington), and Portland (Oregon). Oregon is known for its natural beauty, and Eugene is surrounded by tree-covered mountains with rivers flowing through the center of town. The city has many parks and hiking and bicycle trails. From Eugene, it is a one hour drive to the coast and a one hour drive to good skiing and hiking in the Cascade mountains. Winter temperatures are cool with frequent rain, but snow is very rare in Eugene. Spring and fall temperatures are moderate with some rainfall, and summer is warm and dry.
Eugene is a city of active, friendly people, and there is always something new to explore. It has some characteristics of a much bigger city, such as art galleries, world-class sporting events, museums, a strong music scene, as well as shopping malls. However, it also has a small-town feeling, with street markets and tree-lined streets.
Summer in Eugene usually begins in June/July and can last through early October. Eugene's summers are usually mild with warm days and cool evenings. The rainy season starts from late fall through early spring. It generally snows only up in the mountains outside the city. The lifestyle and clothing in Oregon is very informal – an attitude that suits its multicultural student community very well. Jeans and t-shirts or informal pants or skirts are common among students and even faculty.
To apply to AEI:
Students interested in applying only to AEI need to apply online. Students have the option to apply for conditional admission later, but will have to pay another application fee (non-refundable).
Once the application process is completed, the will be given to the students.
Quick Links:
Academic requirements for international admission
Information on visa procedures
Fall admission: Deadline mid-July
Winter admission: Deadline mid- to late-October
Spring admission: Deadline mid-January
Summer admission: Deadline early April
The University of Oregon values the diverse experiences, contributions, and perspectives that international students bring to our campus and the learning environment. For years, the AEI has awarded 10 and 15 need-based tuition scholarships through campus and community partnerships. To learn more about UO International scholarship opportunities please visi: (http://international.uoregon.edu/isss/scholarships)
Beginning Fall 2013, AEI is proud to launch a new scholarship program, Opportunity Scholarship for IEP Student (AEI OSIS), for conditionally admitted undergraduates in the Intensive English Program. For more information please visit: http://aei.uoregon.edu/iep/costs/scholarships/OSIS
Fall: September 29, 2014 - December 5, 2014 (10 weeks)
Winter: January 5, 2015 - March 13, 2015 (10 weeks)
Spring: March 30, 2015 - June 5, 2015 (10 weeks)
Summer: June 26, 2015 - August 28, 2015 (10 weeks)
*For full list of Academic Dates please visit: https://aei.uoregon.edu/iep/newstudents/academiccalendar
On joining the IEP, students will first be tested to determine the level of their English skills. IEP offers reading, writing and grammar classes that are separate from speaking and listening classes. This ensures that students will be placed at the right level even if, for example, they are able to read and write well but need work on speaking and listening. The AEI has four terms per year, so students have four chances to be promoted to higher levels. There are also four chances each year to join the IEP. A term lasts for 10 weeks.
The IEP has seven levels:
In the beginning level (E-Prep), students might begin the term knowing only "Hello," "Goodbye," and "Thank you" in English.
By Level 3, students start to learn academic English, including reading long passages of articles or books, giving short presentations, and writing academic-style paragraphs in a variety of sentence styles.
By the time students finish level 6 (the highest level), they will have a good understanding of the vocabulary on the Academic Word List, and they will be able to understand and take notes on a lecture by a university professor. A level 6 'graduate' will be able to write complex research papers using very advanced grammar structures, and they will be able to read, understand, and critically evaluate readings used in regular university classes.
Electives offered:
Paper-based TOEFL I
Paper-based TOEFL II
Internet-based TOEFL (IBT) I
Internet-based TOEFL (IBT) II
English Conversation
Academic Vocabulary
Theater and Pronunciation
American Culture
American History
US Business and Economics
Current Events and Debate
Classes are small with just 12 to 18 students per unit, which ensures personal attention for each student. Students attend at least 18 hours of classes per week, but have the option to extend it to 24 hours if they also choose elective classes. Students are usually assigned homework. Outside of class, they can meet with an American tutor, who can help them with their work or just have a conversation.
Students are usually very busy learning English, attending classes, doing homework, and meeting with tutors. However, those who would like even more practice are given full access to the Yamada Language Center, which is equipped with hundreds of language-learning software programs and fully-equipped computer work stations for students' use.
AEI students are also University of Oregon students, so they can use all the facilities and services on campus. They get a UO ID card that entitles them to free city bus service, admission to the UO student recreation center, use of the UO Health Center and UO library system, and a free UO e-mail account.
The AEI provides: orientation services, counseling and academic advising, free tutoring and conversation partners with University students, an activities program with organized trips, assistance with on campus housing placement, host families, a modern language and computer laboratory, and additional language support once admitted to the University. The University of Oregon has over 250 clubs and organizations, and AEI students are eligible to participate in these.
Homestay Opportunities
AEI's Homestay Program places IEP students in the homes of local US families. Living with a family not only gives students a chance to learn about the US culture, but also gives them an excellent opportunity to practice listening to and speaking in English. The host family will generally provide students with meals and a private bedroom. Students get a chance to participate in family life by eating with the host family, having conversations with them, and doing things together. Homestays instill a sense of independence and responsibility in the students.
Students find that when they live with a host family belonging to a different culture and nationality it makes the whole experience interesting, enjoyable and worthwhile.
You can also apply online for homestay accommodation.
The university has both multiple-occupancy and a few single-occupancy dormitory rooms. Dormitories are conveniently located on campus, which makes it easier for students to attend classes and socialize with friends.
Students have the option to choose from a range of moderately priced single and family apartments to expensive condominiums. Costs vary according to size, quality, and closeness to the campus. A limited number of UO family apartments are also available.
Quads are ideal for friends who would like to share an apartment and still have the privacy of separate rooms. Quads are similar to apartments but each unit consists of four bedrooms and bathrooms and a shared kitchen. Each student has a private bedroom and bathroom, and shares the kitchen with the three other renters. This kind of housing is generally less expensive than separate apartments.
School InformationAmerican English Institute
5212 University of Oregon
107 Pacific Hall
Eugene, Oregon 97403-5212
Open Admissions: Yes
Carnegie Basic: Baccalaureate Colleges--Diverse Fields
Religious Affiliation: Not applicable
Total Tuition $6,925.00
Degrees & Programs
|Arts, Entertainment,and Media Management, General
|Chemistry, General
|English Language and Literature, General
|Information Technology
|Mathematics, General


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BRISTOL — Addison County State's Attorney David Fenster and Attorney General William H. Sorrell announced today that they have completed independent separate reviews of a police-shooting incident that occurred on Sept. 4, 2014, in Bristol.
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BARRE — Vermont Attorney General William H. Sorrell on Dec. 11 announced that Scott Cota of Ferrisburgh was sentenced in the Vermont Superior Court, Washington Criminal Division, to four to 15 years to serve for six counts of promoting child pornography and one count of violating the terms of his probation.
The child pornography charges resulted from a shared investigation between the South Burlington Police Department, Vermont's Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force, and the Vermont Attorney General's Office.
VERMONT — The Vermont Attorney General's Office is warning that hundreds of Vermont consumers have reported receipt of recorded robocalls or live phone calls from persons identifying themselves as IRS agents. The caller threatens legal action if an alleged outstanding debt to the IRS is not paid immediately. The callers then direct the consumer to call a phone number and make immediate payment by credit card or other direct means of payment. This is a scam.
MIDDLEBURY — The Vermont Attorney General's Office has found no illegalities with an informational flier that Middlebury officials created and mailed to all local residents explaining the details of a new town office building and recreation center proposal that will be decided by voters on Tuesday, March 4.
ST. ALBANS — Despite his wealth and Harvard degrees, Jack McMullen says he came from humble origins.
McMullen is the Republican challenger to Democratic Attorney General William Sorrell in this November's General Election.
McMullen's father suffered rheumatic fever as a child, leaving him with fragile health throughout his life. As one of five children, McMullen, who is from Long Island, went to work at 11.
"Our family was — what's the technical term — poor," said McMullen.
MIDDLEBURY — TJ Donovan is seeking to graduate from chief prosecutor in the state's most populous county to the chief law enforcement officer for the entire state.
Fulfilling that goal will be no small task, and Donovan, 38, knows it. He would need to prevail in an Aug. 28 Democratic primary contest against 15-year incumbent Attorney General Bill Sorrell, and then compete in the General Election in November.
Donovan said his candidacy is nothing personal against Sorrell.
MIDDLEBURY — Vermont Attorney General Bill Sorrell is asking the state Legislature to allocate $200,000 for additional manpower to investigate and prosecute child pornography offenders, this in view of the fact that only a small fraction of such cases are able to be pursued under current budget constraints.
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Honors have been presented to Hope College swimmers by the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MIAA).
Hope won the men's seasonal championship while the women's team finished in second place.
Hope is coached by John Patnott who has now guided his teams to Coach Patnott has now guided his teams to 29 MIAA championships (19 women, 10 men). He is the winningest active MIAA coach and second alltime among all MIAA coaches.
Two Hope athletes were presented the league's most valuable swimmer honor -- sophomore Ryan Nelis and junior Brittaney Reest, both from Holland, Mich. and graduates of West Ottawa High School. Nelis was a triple winner at the league championship meet (200 IM, 100 Butterfly and 200 Butterfly) while Reest was the league backstroke champion (100 and 200). Her 200 time was a conference record.
Nelis is joined on the All-MIAA men's team by sophomore Phil Heyboer of Zeeland, Mich. (Holland Christian HS); sophomore Matt Rose of Grandville, Mich. (Grandville HS); sophomore Mitch Ruch of Zeeland, Mich. (Zeeland West HS); senior Charles VanderBroek of Holland, Mich. (Holland HS); and junior Ryan Vogelzang of Holland, Mich. (Holland Christian HS).
Joining Reest on the All-MIAA women's team were junior Laura Ansilio of Western Springs, Ill. (Lyons Township HS); freshman Ashley Jasperse of Grand Rapids, Mich. (Forest Hills Central HS); sophomore Claire Piester of Columbia, Mo. (Hickman HS); freshman Alicia Tuuk of Lansing, Ill. (Munster HS); and sophomore Katie Williams of Wheaton, Ill. (Wheaton-Warrenville HS).
Hope champions at the MIAA men's championships included: Ryan Nelis, 200 individual medley (1:58.72), 100 butterfly (:49.90), and 200 butterfly (1:52.05); Ryan Vogelzang, 50 freestyle (:20.92) and 100 freestyle (:46.27); and Phil Heyboer, 400 IM (4:03.55, MIAA record) and 200 backstroke (1:53.02). Hope also won three freestyle relays -- 200 (Ryan Vogelzang, junior Stephen Kurti of Battle Creek/BC Lakeview HS, Charles VanderBroek and Matt Rose), 1:23.65; 400 (Charles VanderBroek, Ryan Vogelzang, Ryan Nelis and Matt Rose), 3:04.29; and 800 (Charles VanderBroek, Ryan Vogelzang, Phil Heyboer and Ryan Nelis), 6:56.32.
Hope champions at the MIAA women's championships included: Kate Williams, 100 butterfly (:58.03); Brittaney Reest, 100 backstroke (:58.11) and 200 backstroke (2:06.39, MIAA record); and Laura Ansilio, 100 freestyle (:53.16). Hope also won two relays -- 400 medley (Brittaney Reest, freshman Angie Griffore of Holland, Mich./Holland HS, Kate Williams and Laura Ansilio), 3:56.23; and 400 freestyle (Laura Ansilio, senior Trisha Meier of Cedar Park, Tex./Naperville, Ill. North HS, Kate Williams and sophomore Christina Vogelzang of Holland, Mich./Holland Christian HS).


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If you've got a Garmin bike computer, or a GPS-enabled phone (many Androids and iPhone 3GS, 4 & 4S models), you can easily keep track of your rides on-line, for free! And who knows when we might offer special discounts and events just for members of our Chain Reaction Team Strava. We just started, and we're needing some help because I was gone for 10 days this month (and my son got lazy while I was gone and didn't log any rides either).
If you haven't joined Strava, try it out. Like I said, it's free (you can pay $59/year for advanced stuff if you want, but the free version does pretty amazing stuff), and you can sign up here. Once you're a member, follow this link and join our team! No obligation, nothing to buy. 🙂 –Mike–


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Archive Fastrack - November 11, 2009 Nov 13, 2009 November 11, 2009 FASTRACK Features Grooved Mechanical Pipe-Joining SystemsBy LARRY THAU, Victaulic Company Inc., Lehigh Valley, Pa. Like all materials, pipe experiences dimensional changes as a result of changes in temperature, expanding when heated and contracting when cooled. The key to accommodating thermal expansion and contraction in a piping system is to allow predictable and controlled piping-system movement. [MORE] FASTRACK News Working Adults Willing to Sacrifice Comfort to Save Energy Business owners should think twice before tweaking workplace temperature settings this fall. According to a new survey of office workers, 69 percent said they would be willing to sacrifice their preferred ideal temperature in the office to help their company conserve energy. However, the survey also found that nearly four in five participants (78 percent) say they are less productive at work when they are too hot or cold. [MORE] NASEO to Convene Zero-Energy Commercial Buildings Consortium The National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) will convene the Zero-Energy Commercial Buildings Consortium to support the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Net-Zero Energy Commercial Building Initiative. NASEO is comprised of senior officials from the energy offices of the states and territories, as well as affiliates from private and public sectors, and will provide leadership for the consortium. [MORE] IFMA Names President/CEO The International Facility Management Association (IFMA) has announced the appointment of Anthony J. Keane, CAE, as the association's new president and chief executive officer (CEO). His appointment coincides with the retirement of David J. Brady, current IFMA president and CEO, at the end of February 2010. [MORE] Former AMCA President Receives Distinguished Service Award Pete Neitzel, former Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA) International president and retired vice president of engineering and manufacturing for Greenheck Fan Corp. in Schofield, Wis., received AMCA's Distinguished Service Award, the association's highest honor. Current AMCA President Denis Labelle, executive vice president of T. A. Morrison & Co. Inc. of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, presented the award to Neitzel during AMCA's annual meeting, held in Mont Tremblant, Quebec, Canada. [MORE] Yaskawa on Twitter Yaskawa has been launched on Twitter. Yaskawa will be providing updates on work the company is doing—highlighting an official announcement, announcing new products, or pointing out something of particular relevance, such as a recent video on variable-frequency drives and energy efficiency or the advantages of Sigma-5 servos. [MORE] TRIPLE-FLEX™ ULTRA-HIGH EFFICIENCY BOILERS Bryan Triple-Flex™ (patent pending) Ultra-High Efficiency Condensing Boilers feature flexible stainless steel tubes, minimum thermal efficiency of 90% with 160° return, 180° supply at 100% firing load. Efficiencies of 99% are achievable with lower return water temperatures as found in new building designs. Triple-Flex boilers fire at 3,000 MBH input, with sub 30 PPM NOx utilizing a hybrid metal fiber 5:1 turndown burner. Triple-Flex boilers are suited to deliver the industries highest operating efficiencies up to 99% in new buildings designed for condensing boiler conditions and better than 90% efficiency in retrofit applications not designed for condensing boilers.http://www.bryanboilers.com/--Bryan Steam LLC Low NOx Condensing Boiler AERCO has re-designed its two-million BTU/hour Benchmark 2.0 Low NOx condensing boiler to reduce its footprint (79"H x 28"W x 36"D), electrical consumption (120V) and gas pressure requirements (4") while maintaining unmatched 20:1 turndown to maximize fuel savings. Engineers and contractors can employ the environmentally-friendly, high-efficiency boiler in a wider variety of hydronic heating applications due to the new design. Visit www.aerco.com for more information. MovinCool CM25 Ceiling-Mounted Air Conditioner The compact, self-contained CM25 provides 25,000 Btu/h of cooling, designed for protecting server rooms and other heat sensitive equipment against costly damage. It offers a high sensible cooling capacity, plus a 14 SEER rating, made possible by an energy-saving, variable-speed inverter compressor and inverter fan motors. Additional green features include R-410A refrigerant and RoHS compliance. The CM25 comes standard with a state-of-the-art, wall-mounted controller that offers advanced communications, monitoring and self-diagnosis capabilities. The CM25 fits in tight spaces at just 20" tall. A built-in mounting bracket, flanges and vibration isolators allows easy installation above a drop ceiling, using standard, off-the-shelf hardware. Its unique self-contained design also eliminates the need for refrigerant connections, further reducing installation costs. For more information, visit www.movincool.com/portable-air-conditioner/cm25.php Download FREE White Paper on Monitoring Geothermal Heat Pump Performance A new white paper from Onset discusses how portable data logging technology can be used to measure, record, and document the performance of geothermal heat pumps, and provides specific case study examples of how the technology is being applied in geothermal system monitoring applications. Download the free white paper today. Subscribe Contact information: Megan White, HPAC Engineering Thank you for reading HPAC Engineering's FASTRACK e-newsletter. You've received this e-newsletter for one of three reasons: 1) You signed up for it on the HPAC Engineering Website. 2) You received the HPAC Fastrack e-newsletter in the past. 3) You identified yourself as a reader of HPAC Engineering magazine. Manage Your Subscription To subscribe: Subscribe To unsubscribe: Unsubscribe To change your e-mail address: Send an email to change, and include your old address, as well as your new address.2009 Penton Media, Inc. All rights reserved.Privacy Statement 0 comments Hide comments Comment * Switch to plain text editorMore information about text formats Text format CommentsPlain text CommentsAllowed HTML tags:

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Full Metal Jackie Rocks the Revolver Golden Gods
So, the Revolver Golden Gods awards are done and it was a a fairly awesome evening (for me anyway.) By now you've heard about the winners, so I wanted to give you a run down of what happened on the black carpet before the show. I was fortunate to interview celebrities, nominees and performers as they made their way across the carpet into the venue. I got there early and got my camera and sound guys set up in order to be ready for the 5PM kickoff.
Here's the funny thing about a start time for events like this: NOBODY wants to be the first to show up. Nobody wants to act all excited and be the first person there. It's not cool. Anyway, people eventually started trickling in around 5:45 and by 6:15 it was a total madhouse. At one point the Fire Marshall decided that out of the 1,409 artists mobbing the black carpet, I was the one who needed to be on the other side of the barricades in the photo pit so I moved two feet and he went back to holding up the wall with his ass. No biggie. He hassles me every year and I have somehow become a target for him. It's probably because I have a bit of a problem with authority and have mouthed off to him in the past. Oh and apparently I am a fire hazard.
I got to interview a ton of legendary artists such as Alice Cooper, Chuck Billy, Dee Snider, Andrew Dice Clay, Lita Ford, Ace Frehley, Zakk Wylde and many more. As you'll see from pics & videos (as they're posted), the place was chaotic and at any given time there were rock 'n' roll ICONS everywhere you looked. I don't know if Misfits axeman Doyle von Frankenstein was intentionally photo bombing or if he's so unique looking he just can't help but stand out but he seemed to be everywhere at once -- tough to blend in when you're 6'5" YOKED and your face looks like a skull I suppose. Frigging LOVE that guy. There was a stoked, positive vibe, and people were psyched to see Axl and Duff back on stage together with GN'R.
Once the black carpet festivities wrapped up, my official duties were done and the party really started. We filed into the venue just in time to catch surprise opener Slayer blast out a face melting three song set that included a brand new track called 'Implode.' They opened with 'South of Heaven' and when those first riffs rang out, the crowd lost their s--t and you could tell it was the beginning of a special night.
You'll read reports elsewhere of persistent technical glitches, Axl's voice not being up to par, etc., but the fact is putting an event together with this many moving parts, performances, and artists is never going to come off without a hitch and that's actually part of the excitement.
After Slayer, I grabbed a cocktail and grabbed a seat in the VIP lounge -- people watching at these events never disappoints! George Lynch bro-ing down with the ZZ Top dudes, Max Cavalera's booming laugh from across the room, Richie Sambora (what up Jersey!) graciously accepting photo opps, Ace Frehley looking dapper as Hell and presiding over a corner of the lounge like the Rock & Roll Made Man he is -- all of it was just surreal.
After a couple of hours (and a few sweet and fruity cocktails) we made our way back in for Axl's induction and GN'R's show closing set. Axl was introduced by Andrew Dice Clay and Nicolas Cage, both of whom were in top form. Dice was dignified and very matter of fact in his presentation, and Nicolas Cage went Full Nicolas Cage with his speech. Think 'Wild At Heart' era Nic Cage but not quite meltdown level Nic Cage.
Through no fault of their own, the band took at least another 30 minutes to hit the stage but seeing Duff bang out GN'R classics alongside Axl again was a treat. A couple of hours later I was already reminiscing with friends over late night diner grinds -- thanks to all involved for such a fun evening. Except for you, Mr. Fire Marshall.
Photos of Full Metal Jackie and Friends at the Revolver Golden Gods


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I didn't think it was possible, but I found something more pathetic than John Boehner scrambling for GOP support for his debt limit bill, only to end up postponing the vote indefinitely. More pathetic even than Boehner telling is caucus to "get their asses in line" and vote for his bill, only to tell his caucus the next day to "get their asses in line" for a big kiss — if it'll get them to vote for his bill.
What could be more pathetic? They may have brought Boehner to his knees, but the tea partiers literally don't know what they're doing in the legislative process.
Of course, this is nothing new. Ignorance of how bills become laws — or that the constitution establishes a legislative body and a legislative process for all that stuff the constitution doesn't specifically mention — goes all the way up to what passes for tea party leadership.
And usually I end explaining what I thought we all learned in our eighth grade civics classes, if not over our Saturday morning cereal. Article I of the constitution establishes Congress as a legislative body, and in Section 7 lays out the process by which legislation passes both houses of Congress, makes its way to the president's desk, and … Well, you know how it ends if you saw that first video.
Until we can get middle school civics teachers to storm Capitol Hill en masse, can we at least ask anyone in a congressional office who shares a hallway with a tea partier to walk over with a laptop or smartphone and show them this video?
It might help if you take over a bowl of breakfast cereal for them to eat while they watch it. At least, that's how I remember learning it.


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I wrote a simple post to help Using BBcode to place an Image on a Forum.
Sometime we do things so often that we forget others may have no idea how to accomplish that task. I think it is to easy to write out these "How To" post & they end up helping so many people.
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This hands-on course is designed for new riders or people who want to know basic motorcycle maintenance. Learn techniques from a pre-ride inspection, on the road to winterizing your motorcycle. Some of the topics covered include basic adjustments, changing oil, clutch adjustment, belt/chain adjustment, brake inspection and adjustment and general bike problem solving. (College policy does not permit instructors to adjust or repair student's bikes.) *Please bring your bike manual and any tools supplied with your bike to class.
Motorcycle Training: Basic Rider
The Basic Rider Course (BRC) is designed with the beginner in mind, but is a challenge even to experienced riders. The Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF) supplies the curriculum and materials, and the instructors are MSF-certified. The course includes both classroom and on-cycle instruction, with high quality, personalized coaching and several hours of practice riding. We also provide the motorcycles, free of charge! Riders 18 and older can earn their motorcycle license by successfully completing the course.
Motorcycle Training: Basic Rider 2 (Skills Practice)
Students use own motorcycles; consists of only riding exercises. It is a perfect way to reinforce basic skills on one's personal motorcycle. Passengers are permitted with a licensed operator on a personal motorcycle. Students earn their motorcycle license endorsement through the course.
Moped Training
To ride safely, a moped rider needs the same mental strategies a motorcyclist needs. This course is a benefit to anyone who wants to ride on two wheels.
Staff Contacts
Professional & Workforce Training


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If you have a will (and we hope you do), chances are you've spent long hours carefully considering exactly how your estate should be distributed among your children or other heirs. But if you have a 401(k) or an IRA, chances are you spent about five seconds deciding who your beneficiary should be – and what's more, you're likely to have done this 10, 20 or even 30 years ago.
For many families that lose a loved one, this situation spells trouble – because if the two documents conflict, it's the beneficiary designation, not the will, that determines who gets the deceased person's account assets. Conflicts like these have become a thornier issue as more people concentrate more of their wealth in their retirement-savings plans, and they're the subject of a new study by Stewart Sterk and Melanie B. Leslie of the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University, published in the most recent issue of the New York University Law Review.
As you may (or may not) recall from when the last time you opened a new 401(k) or IRA account, savers are almost always required to designate a beneficiary before they start funding the account. These days, it's typically a formality that people speed through on the web, analogous to the baggage-checking step when you check into a flight online. And many people tackle this task early in their careers, when spouses and kids have yet to enter the picture; they'll typically designate their parents, siblings or nieces and nephews as their beneficiaries. (Before I got married, my impressive four-figure IRA was earmarked for my younger brother.)
You can imagine what happens next: Time passes; spouses, second spouses and kids enter the picture; and, human nature being what it is, many people forget to update their paperwork. (People who have wills also frequently slip up in this regard, as my colleague Elizabeth O'Brien has noted.) As people set up their estate plans, many wrongly assume that their wills will determine what happens to their retirement accounts. In fact, the beneficiary designation usually trumps the will, and heirs who try to stake a claim to 401(k) or IRA assets that have been designated to someone else face costly litigation with no certainty of success.
In his most recent "Intelligent Investor" column, The Wall Street Journal's Jason Zweig describes the plight of several families that have been tripped up by outdated beneficiary paperwork. Citing Sterk and Leslie, Zweig notes that the system would be more consumer-friendly if 401(k) and IRA administrators adopted some assumptions that are common in the law of wills and trusts (for example, that your grandchildren will automatically become your heirs if your children die before you do). He also notes that many retirement-plan administrators don't allow accountholders to designate more than two beneficiaries—a potentially significant hassle for some larger families.
Clearly, the system leaves a lot of room for improvement; all the more reason to make sure your own accounts are up to date.
Also on MarketWatch:
Anderson Cooper: No Gloria Vanderbilt money for me
How to keep your house in the family
Make your heirs happy: Update your will
Matthew Heimer covers retirement for MarketWatch and edits the Encore blog. Follow him on Twitter @MatthewHeimer.


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The hubby and I were channel surfing last night and ended up watching Frontline. The feature story was "Dollars and Dentists".
The more I watched, the more stomach churning it got. If the Supreme Court does a number on health care reform, this model could be waiting in the wings.
No wonder conservatives don't have a plan to "replace" health care reform. They don't need one. Private equity firms are already test driving a "market-based" solution.
The story focused on "Dental Deserts" — areas where people have little no access to preventative dental care. The reasons why are manifold. About 49 million people — up from 33.3 million in 2011 — live in these areas. Many of them don't have dental care because their jobs don't offer dental insurance. Some probably also don't have the extra time or money, and delay care. They end up getting care in conservatism's favorite form of "universal" health care: the emergency room.
The thing is, there's no shortage of dentists. Most of them graduate with huge debts, and tend to flock to more populated areas, where they can attract more patients who can pay for their services, or have dental insurance that can pay.
Medicaid covers children and some procedures for adults, but we all know how that can work out sometimes. If you don't, just ask Deamonte Driver. Oh, wait. You can't. He died for want of a dentist. Deamonte's story figures prominently in "Dollars and Dentists."
That was five years ago, and it hasn't gotten any better. Medicaid is administered by the states, and the rate of coverage varies wildly from state to state; from $150 in Maine to $29 in Idaho and nothing at all in Arkansas. Thirteen states have cut dental benefits in 2011 or plan to this year. (If you think Paul Ryan's plan to block grant Medicaid is going to remedy this, take off your tinfoil hat. It's interfering with the radio-wave reception in your fillings.)
Not to worry. Private equity is coming to the rescue. If that doesn't scare you, it should.
Aspen Dental is a chain of nearly 350 offices in 22 states managed by a company owned by a private-equity firm. It is part of a fast-growing industry of corporate dental practices, many of which specialize in serving people who cannot afford to go to the dentist, a group many dentists ignore.
By marketing to people who haven't seen a dentist in years, Aspen Dental often gives new patients treatment plans costing thousands of dollars. The Center for Public Integrity (CPI) and FRONTLINE spent months examining Aspen Dental and found that the same business model that makes Aspen Dental accessible to people short on cash can also lock people into debt and has led to complaints of patients being overcharged or given unnecessary treatments.
Former employees say Aspen Dental trained them in high-pressure sales. Corporate management scrutinizes the production of dentists and staff daily. And internal documents show that dentists get paid bonuses as key production targets are met.
"You've got people who are not dentists, that are in management… they are breathing down the doctor's back," said Jenny Hayes, who worked as an office manager for Aspen Dental in the Chicago-area last year. "There are goals and if you are not hitting your goals, then you lose your job."
The private equity recipe is to set up corporate dental clinics in areas where people can't afford to go to the dentist, staffed by people who are not formally trained dentists, who recommend more work than a patient really needs — like a complete exam for a patient who needs two teeth pulled, or extracting all the teeth of a patient who just had a toothache in one — for more than the patient can possibly pay. Then, the patients are handed off to managers who set them up with special "health-care credit cards."
That's when the real trouble starts. Via their "health care credit cards," patients are charged for procedures they not only didn't need in the first place, but that haven't even been done yet. And the interest starts racking up immediately. If you can't afford to go to a dentist in the first place, you probably can't afford this either. You can imagine what happens. What was a relatively minor dental problem becomes a massive total-mouth makeover, with a price tag in the thousands, and that gets even bigger as interest racks up.
This is the "market-based solution" for people like Theresa Ferritto.
Surviving on a meager $1,300 a month, 87-year-old Theresa Ferritto fretted about the cost when her dentist told her she needed two teeth pulled.
She figured an oral surgeon would be too expensive. So she decided to try out a dental chain that promoted steep discounts in its advertisements. She went to an Aspen Dental office just outside Cleveland.
Ferritto said Aspen Dental wouldn't just pull the teeth but insisted on a complete exam. She was bewildered when they finally handed her a treatment plan four pages long. Total price: $7,835.
Ferritto could not afford it, but Aspen Dental signed her up for a special credit card, with monthly payments of $186 for five years. She blames herself for signing the papers.
"I made a big mistake going there," she says. "I should have known better."
After a day of cleanings and two fillings, Ferritto asked her son for help. He called Aspen Dental to complain but said he got nowhere. So they turned to the state attorney general.
Aspen Dental took all charges off her credit card for treatments she hadn't yet received. But the company said the $2,540 she was charged for two fillings and cleanings was appropriate.
Aspen Dental charged Ferritto $350 for an antibiotic put next to the teeth the dentist was going to pull, a charge other dentists say makes no sense. There were four separate charges for an antibacterial rinse, similar to Listerine, for $129. There was even a $149 charge for an electric toothbrush that Ferritto didn't even know she had, until she recently retrieved an Aspen Dental bag from her garage and found it inside.
Imagine how many groceries that would buy, she sighed.
The Center for Public Integrity has also posted Ferritto's bill on their website.
America, this is your "market-based" health care solution. It's pretty simple.
- Set up shop in an area where people don't have access to and/or can't afford dental care
- Recommend expensive procedures they don't even need. (Charge extra for things like toothbrushes and mouthwash.)
- Sign them up for credit cards they also can't afford. (Reassure them that these are "no-interest" credit cards, but don't tell them about the penalties — nearly 30% interest on the entire amount — if they miss payments.)
- Profit.
Think of it as combining dentistry with payday loans and you get the picture. Better yet, think of it as a subprime mortgage for your mouth.
Oh, and it's entirely unregulated.
That's the problem with applying a "market-based solution" to a problem like health care. I can't explain it any better than Republican Senator Chuck Grassley.
But Sen. Charles Grassley, a Republican from Iowa, questions whether dentists at corporate dental chains are free from corporate pressures to maximize profits. Grassley, the ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee, wouldn't speak about Aspen Dental specifically, but he's had committee investigators looking into the company and other private-equity-owned chains for months.
"Because when private equity firms get involved," Grassley explained, "you got to understand that their motivation is to make money. And they are not dentists. And dentists ought to make the determination ' of what is good for the teeth.' Not some private equity manager in Wall Street."
The problem is that there are populations that need services, but there's no profit to be made in serving them. There are services that we as a country, at least until recently, have agreed that people should receive whether there's a profit to be made or not. Health care is one of them. "Market-based" solutions require profit, and the only way to make a profit serving these populations is to overcharge, under-serve, or both.
If you want to know what kind of solutions Republicans have in mind, if the Supreme Court eviscerates the ACA, take a look at this Frontline piece.
It's sure to leave a bad taste in your mouth.