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Cosmology: The Origin, Evolution & Ultimate Fate of the Universe
An Introductory Resource Guide for College Instructors
Updated May 2014
NASA missions, educational projects around the country, and cosmologists themselves have produced a wide range of materials that astronomy instructors (and their students) can use to learn about the latest developments in modern cosmology. Too often, however, these materials go unused because instructors are not familiar with them or don't have them accessible at the time that they need them. This annotated guide is designed to highlight useful materials on the web and in print. It was produced in consultation with a panel of Astronomy 101 instructors, who were interviewed about their teaching, and NASA education specialists, who suggested resources that may not have been well known.
Cosmology is an enormous field, and the number of educational resources can be a bit overwhelming. This guide includes only a sampling of non-technical materials that instructors around the U.S. have been using and are likely to have access to. Items were selected based on their level of difficulty (Astro 101 level and below), the likelihood of easy access by a college audience, and their potential usefulness for teaching and learning.
Compiled by Andrew Fraknoi (Foothill College and Astronomical Society of the Pacific)
Coordination: NASA Astrophysics Science Education and Public Outreach Forum
Selected Web Sites on Modern Cosmology
Animations and Simulations on the Web
Selected Web Sites on the History of Cosmology
Selected Talks on Cosmology Available on the Web
Some Cosmology Lab Activities on the Web
Selected Books about Modern Cosmology
Selected Books about the History of Cosmology
Overview Articles
Articles about Dark Energy and Acceleration
Articles about Inflation
Articles about the Study of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Articles about Dark Matter
Articles about Other Specific Topics in Modern Cosmology
Articles about New Ideas in Cosmology
Articles about Understanding Cosmological Distances
A Few Articles about the History of Cosmology
Papers and Articles on Teaching Cosmology
Notes and Acknowledgements
Selected Web Sites on Modern Cosmology
NASA Resources
NASA Universe Forum Big Bang Pages (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/seuforum/bigbanglanding.htm (brief, basic introduction to some of the key ideas)
Planck Mission Education and Outreach Materials (Caltech): http://planck.caltech.edu/epo/epo-intro.html (some basic, some more advanced, information, focusing on the cosmic microwave background radiation)
Universe 101: WMAP Mission Introduction to the Universe (NASA): http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/ (Concise primer on cosmological ideas from the WMAP mission team)
Dark Energy (Part of the Hubble Discoveries Series): http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/dark_energy/ (Flash-based multimedia tutorial on the discovery and meaning of dark energy; includes information on the origin and fate of universe)
Resources from Other Sources
Sean Carroll's Cosmology Primer (Caltech): http://preposterousuniverse.com/writings/cosmologyprimer/index.html (Astrophysicists Carroll offers a non-technical site with brief overviews of many key topics in modern cosmology.)
Ned Wright's Cosmology Tutorial (UCLA): http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmolog.htm (Astronomer Wright keeps a rich web site where he explains many ideas in cosmology using basic algebra and geometry, assuming some prior knowledge.)
The Universe Adventure (Lawrence Berkeley Labs): http://www.universeadventure.org/index.html (A flashy introduction to cosmology, designed for the public, but probably best read by those who already know a bit.)
Everyday Cosmology: http://cosmology.carnegiescience.edu/ (An educational website from the Carnegie Observatories with a timeline of cosmological discovery, background materials, and activities.)
Great Debates in Astronomy: http://apod.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/debate.html (Between 1995 and 1998, astronomers Robert Nemiroff & Jerry Bonnell put together some cosmological debates in the same hall at the Smithsonian's Museum of Natural History (and along the same lines) as the Shapley-Curtis debate, with some of the leading cosmologists of our day; sometimes technical)
Runaway Universe (2000 NOVA TV series episode web site): http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/universe/ (Focuses on the discovery of the acceleration of the expansion of the universe, using supernovae as distance indicators)
Brent Tully's "How Big is the Universe?": http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/space/how-big-universe.html (This clear essay by a noted astronomer summarizes some key ideas in cosmologist and introduces the notion of the acceleration of the universe; it was written for the Runaway Universe program)
Animations and Simulations on the Web
NASA Resources
Jellybean Visual Analogy for the Fraction of Ordinary Matter in the Universe (Chandra animation): http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/flash/univ_pie.html
The Chemical Universe (NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory page with an "astronomer's version" of the periodic table, showing the cosmic abundances of elements): http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/flash/periodic_tables.html (Click on "Periodic table for astronomy")
Cosmology Visualizations from the NASA Universe Forum: http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/seuforum/einstein/resources_visual.htm#featcos (A series of computer visualizations of the evolution and structure of the universe, available in a number of formats.)
WMAP Mission Concept Animations: http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/resources/animconcepts.html (Brief animation showing evolution of the early universe and ideas associated with studying the cosmic microwave background)
The Cosmic Microwave Background on a Beach Ball (An inflatable globe with the full-sky image of the microwave background from the WMAP Mission):
Resources from Other Sources
Origin of the Elements (Flash movie from Don York's group at the U. of Chicago): http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/originsoftheelements/
Supercomputer simulations of the formation of structure in the universe by Andrey Kravstov: http://cosmicweb.uchicago.edu/sims.html
Making Galaxies: http://svl.adlerplanetarium.org/astroviz/makinggalaxies.html (8-min movie on evolution and large-scale structure of galaxies from the Adler Planetarium Visualization Lab)
Dark Matter, First Stars: http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~kaehler/movies/ (Some beautiful short visualizations by Stanford's Ralf Kaehler)
Selected Web Sites on the History of Cosmology
NASA Resources
Cosmic Times Project (from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center): http://cosmictimes.gsfc.nasa.gov/ (James Lochner and Barbara Mattson have compiled a rich resource of 20th-century cosmology history in the form of news reports on key events)
Shapley-Curtis Debate in 1920: The Scale of the Universe (a nice summary by Robert Nemiroff & Jerry Bonnell): http://apod.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/debate20.html
Resources from Other Sources
Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology (from the American Institute of Physics Center for the History of Physics): http://www.aip.org/history/cosmology/ (a web "exhibit" on the history of our thinking, with images and biographies)
Edwin P. Hubble: 1938 Bruce Medalist (excellent guide to written and web resources about Hubble's life & work by Joseph Tenn): http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/hubble/Hubble.html
Brief Profile of Georges Lemaitre: http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/cosmic/p_lemaitre.html (from the American Museum of Natural History, an excerpt from the book Cosmic Horizons)
Short Videos from the Texas Cosmology Center: http://www.tcc.utexas.edu/video.html
Selected Talks on Cosmology Available on the Web
Marcia Bartusiak: "The Day We Found the Universe" (May 21, 2009; the distinguished science writer discusses Hubble's work and the discovery of the expansion of the cosmos — one of the Observatory Night lectures at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/events/mon_video_archive09.html
Roger Blandford (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center): "The Runaway Universe" (Oct. 26, 2004; public lecture on the discovery and meaning of cosmic acceleration and dark energy): http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/lectures/default.asp?id=lecture_detail&eventID=31
Patricia Burchat (Stanford University): "The Dark Side of the Universe: Dark Matter and Dark Energy" (May 20, 2009 in the Silicon Valley Astronomy Lecture Series): http://astrosociety.org/silicon-valley-astronomy-lectures/the-dark-side-of-the-universe-dark-matter-and-dark-energy/
Sean Carroll (Caltech): "The Origin of the Universe and the Arrow of Time" (Aug. 13, 2010; Google Tech Talk): http://sciencestage.com/v/39811/the-origin-of-the-universe-and-the-arrow-of-time.html
Alex Filippenko (University of California, Berkeley): "Dark Energy and the Runaway Universe" (October 4, 2006 in the Silicon Valley Astronomy Lecture Series): http://astrosociety.org/silicon-valley-astronomy-lectures/dark-energy-and-the-runaway-universe/
John Mather (NASA Goddard): "From the Big Bang to the Nobel Prize" (Jan. 16, 2009): http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/vis/a010000/a010300/a010370/index.html (His Nobel Prize talk from Dec. 8, 2006 can be found at: http://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=74&view=1)
Adam Reiss (STScI): "Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe" (March 7, 2006 at the Space Telescope Science Institute): https://webcast.stsci.edu/webcast/detail.xhtml?talkid=1961&parent=1
Brian Schmidt's non-technical Nobel Prize lecture about discovering the acceleration of the universe (Dec. 8, 2011); on the same page, you can find links to the lectures by Adam Riess and Saul Perlmutter, which connect to and follow his: http://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=1727
George Smoot's Nobel Prize lecture (Dec. 8, 2006) on his work with the COBE Satellite: http://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=75
Risa Wechsler (SLAC): "Dark Energy: What the? (or What Is the Universe Made of?)" (Oct. 30, 2007; public lecture on the nature of dark energy and the future of the universe): http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/lectures/default.asp?id=lecture_detail&eventID=14
Ned Wright (UCLA): "Observing the Origins of the Universe: A Century of Progress in Cosmology" (Oct. 28, 2008; UCLA Faculty Research Lecture): http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.aspx?showID=15879
"New Light on Dark Energy" (Apr. 25, 2011 panel on cosmology from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ddgV5dGfwk
Some Cosmology Lab Activities on the Web
NASA's Universe Forum developed a series of "Modeling the Universe" activities which could be adapted to be part of a lab section or a class activity sequence. Generally for grades 8 – 12. See: http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/seuforum/learningresources.htm#lesson
Age of the Universe Activity (U. of Michigan): https://dept.astro.lsa.umich.edu/ugactivities/Labs/cosmo/intro-cosmo.html (This is a college-level lab in which students can see the effect of changing cosmological parameters and can compare the age of the universe in different models.)
Hubble's Law Lab (shorter) (U. of Washington): http://www.astro.washington.edu/courses/labs/clearinghouse/labs/HubbleLaw/hubbles_law_procedure.html (Derive Hubble's constant from galaxy data and calculate the Hubble time; for university students.)
Hubble's Law Lab (longer) (U. of Washington): http://www.astro.washington.edu/courses/labs/clearinghouse/labs/HubbleLaw/hubbletitle.html (A longer version of the above lab, which includes more discussion of the nature of galaxies.)
The CLEA Project (Gettysburg College) has two college-level cosmology labs, one on the Hubble Law and one on the large-scale structure of the universe. Go to: http://www3.gettysburg.edu/~marschal/clea/CLEAhome.html and click on the software button.
Selected Books about Modern Cosmology
Adams, Fred & Laughlin, Greg The Five Ages of the Universe: Inside the Physics of Eternity. 1999, Free Press. Two astronomers consider the distant past and far future.
Carroll, Sean From Eternity to Here: The Quest for the Ultimate Theory of Time. 2010, Plume Books. On modern ideas of time as they relate to cosmology.
Duncan, Todd & Tyler, Craig Your Cosmic Context: An Introduction to Modern Cosmology. 2009, Addison-Wesley/Pearson. The first non-majors textbook on cosmology done without a lot of math.
Ferris, Timothy The Whole Shebang: A State-of-the-Universe Report. 1997, Simon & Schuster. A distinguished science journalist reports on cosmology, as of the mid 1990's. Full of good analogies and profiles of the key scientists.
Greene, Brian The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality. 2004, Knopf. An introduction to some of the physics ideas behind our modern picture of cosmology, by a physicist who is a master explainer.
Harrison, Edward Cosmology: The Science of the Universe, 2nd ed. 2000, Cambridge U. Press. This literate and thought-provoking introductory textbook, using some math, is one of the best guides to thinking about cosmology.
Impey, Chris How it Began: A Time Traveler's Guide to the Universe. 2012, W. W. Norton. A tour of the universe, moving outward from Earth and back in time, with well-written sections on modern cosmology.
Kirshner, Robert The Extravagant Universe: Exploding Stars, Dark Energy, and the Accelerating Universe. 2002, Princeton U. Press. A readable, personal recounting of the use of supernovae in the discovery of dark energy and our new view of the universe.
Livio, Mario The Accelerating Universe: Infinite Expansion, the Cosmological Constant, and the Beauty of the Cosmos. 2000, John Wiley. Beautifully written, layperson's introduction to key cosmological ideas of our day.
Panek, Richard The 4 Percent Universe: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Race to Discover the Rest of Reality. 2011, Houghton Mifflin. A journalist recounts the story of the discovery of the acceleration of the universe in this widely praised account.
Silk, Joseph The Big Bang, 3rd ed. 2001, W. H. Freeman. A cogent introduction to the universe and our observations relating to it, for the intelligent layperson.
Singh, Simon Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe. 2004, HarperCollins. British physicist and science writer treats both the history and current status of cosmology; good for beginners.
Vilenkin, Alex Many Worlds in One: The Search for Other Universes. 2006, Hill and Wang. A noted Russian cosmologist tells the story of the inflationary universe and multi-verses with verve and humor.
Selected Books about the History of Cosmology
Bartusiak, Marcia The Day We Found the Universe. 2009, Pantheon/Random House. Well-written, popular-level history of the discovery that galaxies exist and the beginnings of observational cosmology.
Ferris, Timothy Coming of Age in the Milky Way. 1988, Morrow. History of cosmological ideas, starting with the Greeks.
Frank, Adam About Time: Cosmology and Culture at the Twilight of the Big Bang. 2011, Free Press. A history of human concepts of time as they relate to the universe at large.
Gleiser, Marcelo The Dancing Universe: From Creation Myths to the Big Bang. 1997, Dutton. A physicist chronicles the long history of human thinking about the origin of the universe.
Guth, A. The Inflationary Universe. 1997, Addison-Wesley. One of the key scientists responsible for the inflationary hypothesis describes how it came about.
Kragh, Helge Conceptions of Cosmos: From Myths to the Accelerating Universe. 2007, Oxford U. Press. A scholarly history of cosmology.
Lightman, Alan & Brawer, Roberta Origins: The Lives and Worlds of Modern Cosmologists. 1990, Harvard U. Press. Interesting interviews with active researchers in the field.
Nussbaumer, Harry & Bieri, Lydia Discovering the Expanding Universe. 2009, Cambridge U. Press. Carefully researched, detailed history of both the theory and the observations that led to our modern day view.
Kruesi, L. "Cosmology: 5 Things You Need to Know" in Astronomy, May 2007, p. 28. Five questions students often ask, and how modern cosmologists answer them.
Lineweaver, C. & Davis, T. "Misconceptions about the Big Bang" in Scientific American, Mar. 2005, p. 36. Some basic ideas about modern cosmology clarified, using general relativity.
Pendrick, D. "Is the Big Bang in Trouble?" in Astronomy, Apr. 2009, p. 48. This sensationally titled article is really more of a quick review of how modern ideas and observations are fleshing out the big bang hypothesis (and raising questions.)
Turner, M. "The Origin of the Universe" in Scientific American, Sep. 2009, p. 36. An introduction to modern cosmology.
Wakeley, S. "The Universe is in the Details" in Astronomy, Sep. 2006, p. 42. 5-page overview of how particle physics can assist cosmology.
Articles about Dark Energy and Acceleration
Appell, D. "Dark Forces at Work" in Scientific American, May 2008, p. 100. A profile of Nobel laureate Saul Perlmutter, the leader of one of the teams whose work with supernovae led to the discovery of the universe's acceleration.
Carroll, S. "Dark Energy & the Preposterous Universe" in Sky & Telescope, Mar. 2005, p. 32. 7-page review; explains the observations and gives candidates for the source of dark energy.
Conselice, C. "The Universe's Invisible Hand" in Scientific American, Feb. 2007, p. 34. An introduction to dark energy and the effects it has on the structure and evolution of the universe.
Krauss, L. & Turner, M. "A Cosmic Conundrum" in Scientific American, Sep. 2004, p. 70. On Einstein's cosmological constant, the acceleration of the universe, and dark energy.
Kruesi, L. "Will Dark Energy Tear the Universe Apart?" in Astronomy, Feb. 2009, p. 34. On how acceleration will determine the ultimate fate of the universe.
Nadis, S. "Tales from the Dark Side: Understanding Dark Energy" in Astronomy, Sep. 2006, p. 30. Five page overview.
Nadis, S. "Dark Energy's New Face: How Exploding Stars are Changing our View" in Astronomy, July 2012, p. 45. About our improving understanding of the complexities of Type Ia supernovae.
Panek, R. "Going Over to the Dark Side" in Sky & Telescope, Feb. 2009, p. 22. A history of the observations and theories about dark energy.
Riess, A. & Turner, M. "From Slowdown to Speedup" in Scientific American, Feb. 2004, p. 62. On observations of supernovae and what they tell us about the acceleration of the universe's expansion.
Bucher, M. & Spergel, D. "Inflation in a Low-Density Universe" in Scientific American, Jan. 1999, p. 62. On new and improved inflation theories.
Ferris, T. "Inflating the Cosmos" in Astronomy, July 1997, p. 38. On the inflationary hypothesis.
Guth, A. and Steinhardt, P. "The Inflationary Universe" in Scientific American, May 1984, p. 116. Early report from the scientist who came up with the idea.
Nadis, S. "Sizing Up Inflation" in Sky & Telescope, Nov. 2005, p. 32. Nice review of the origin and modern variants on the inflationary idea.
Articles about the Study of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Bennett, C., et al. "A Cosmic Cartographer" in Scientific American, Jan. 2001, p. 44. A brief preview of the MAP mission to examine details of the cosmic microwave background (later renamed WMAP).
Caldwell, R. & Kamionkowski, M. "Echoes from the Big Bang" in Scientific American, Jan. 2001, p. 38. On studying the details of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
Dorminey, B. "Europe's Space Revolution" in Astronomy, Sep. 2008, p. 28. Preview of Herschel and Planck missions and how they will study the CMB.
Hishaw, G. & Naeye, R. "Decoding the Oldest Light in the Universe" in Sky & Telescope, May 2008, p. 18. How the WMAP mission uses acoustic waves in the CMB to probe the structure of the early universe.
Hu, W. & White, M. "The Cosmic Symphony" in Scientific American, Feb. 2004, p. 44. On oscillations in the early universe and how we can learn about them from the microwave background. (On the Web at: http://background.uchicago.edu/~whu/SciAm/sym1.html )
Starkman, G. & Schwarz, D. "Is the Universe out of Tune?" in Scientific American, Aug. 2005, p. 48. On discrepancies between the theory and observations of the harmonics of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
Bartusiak, M., et al. "The New Dark Age of Astronomy" in Astronomy, Oct. 1996, p. 36. A special issue focusing on the theory and observations of dark matter.
Kruesi, L. "What do We Really Know about Dark Matter?" in Astronomy, Nov. 2009, p. 28. Focuses on what dark matter could be and experiments to find out.
Articles about Other Specific Topics in Modern Cosmology
Burgess, C. & Quevedo, F. "The Great Cosmic Roller Coaster Ride" in Scientific American, Nov. 2007, p. 52. On inflation, brane theory, multiverses, string theory and new ideas to help understand the properties of the cosmos.
Carroll, Sean "The Comic Origins of Time's Arrow" in Scientific American, June 2008, p. 48. The direction of time in the universe, entropy, and the notion of a much larger scope for the universe.
Dorminey, B. "Where Has All the Lithium Gone?" in Astronomy, Feb. 2011, p. 42. What we can learn about the early stages of the universe from the abundance of this light element.
Dorminey, B. "What Triggered the Big Bang?" in Astronomy, Oct. 2011, p. 25. Some of the ideas about eternal inflation and cyclic universe models.
Frank, A. "How the Big Bang Forged the First Elements" in Astronomy, Oct. 2007, p. 32. On how the hot phase of the big bang synthesized elements, and what their abundance today can tell us about the properties of the universe.
Frank, A. "The First Billion Years" in Astronomy, June 2006, p. 30. On the early eras in cosmic history and the formation of structure.
Hellemans, A. "Understanding Antimatter" in Astronomy, Aug. 2011, p. 24. On the discovery of antimatter and its relationship to cosmology.
Jayawardhana, Ray "Does Antimatter Matter?" in Astronomy, Dec. 2006, p. 30. On how matter came to dominate in the early universe.
Krauss, L. & Starkman, G. "The Fate of Life in the Universe" in Scientific American, Nov. 1999, p. 58. Cosmology, thermodynamics, and the far future.
Larson, R. & Bromm, V. "The First Stars in the Universe" in Scientific American, Dec. 2001, p. 64. On the "dark ages" after the big bang and before stars formed, and how they ended.
Loeb, A. "The Dark Ages of the Universe" in Scientific American, Nov. 2006, p. 47. Using radio arrays to look back to the period after the big bang faded.
Nadis, S. "Searching for the Shape of the Universe" in Astronomy, Apr. 2008, p. 28. On string theory, branes, additional dimensions and their implications for cosmology.
Nadis, S. "The Big Bang Plus 1 Second" in Astronomy, Apr. 2007, p. 38. On the search for the cosmic neutrino background from the big bang.
Primack, J. & Bell, T. "Universe on Fast Forward" in Sky & Telescope, July 2012, p. 28. Using supercomputer simulations to model modern cosmological ideas.
Riordan, M. & Zajc, W. "The First Few Microseconds" in Scientific American, May 2006, p. 34. Experiments to reproduce conditions right after the big bang.
Strauss, M. "Reading the Blueprints of Creation" in Scientific American, Feb. 2004, p. 54. On large-scale surveys of galaxies and what they tell us about the organization of the early universe.
Articles about New Ideas in Cosmology
Ambjorn, J., et al. "The Self-Organizing Quantum Universe" in Scientific American, July 2008, p. 42. On new ideas in quantum gravity and how the universe could assemble from quantum components. Mostly physics.
Arkani-Hamed, N., et al. "The Universe's Unseen Dimensions" in Scientific American, Aug. 2000, p. 62. On grand unified theories of physics, dimensions, and parallel universes.
Barrow, J. & Webb, J. "Inconstant Constants: Do the Inner Workings of Nature Change with Time?" in Scientific American, June 2005, p. 56. Possible astronomical evidence that the fine-structure constant has changed over cosmic periods.
Bojowald, M. "Follow the Bouncing Universe" in Scientific American, Oct. 2008, p. 44. On theories of quantum gravity, and a universe that may have had events before the big bang.
Clifton, T & Ferreira, P. "Does Dark Energy Really Exist?" in Scientific American, Apr. 2009, p. 48. Posits another explanation for the Type Ia supernova observations: that the universe is seriously inhomogeneous.
Dorminey, B. "What Triggered the Big Bang?" in Astronomy, Oct. 2011, p. 24. "Next-generation" ideas about what came before the beginning of our universe.
Nadis, S. "How We Could See Another Universe" in Astronomy, June 2009, p. 24. On modern ideas about multiverses and how such bubbles of space-time might collide.
Steinhardt, P. "Why the Universe Had No Beginning" in Astronomy, Apr. 2009, p. 28. On brane theory and the author's "cyclic universe" ideas.
Tegmark, M. "Parallel Universes" in Scientific American, May 2003, p. 40. Ideas about a "multiverse": physical theories that permit or demand other universes.
Veneziano, G. "The Myth of the Beginning of Time" in Scientific American, May 2004, p. 54. Ideas from string theory about space, time, and branes that pre-date the big bang.
Articles about Understanding Cosmological Distances
Dodelson, S. "Seeing the Red Limit: How Astronomers Measure Cosmic Distances" in Astronomy, May 2007, p. 40. Redshift, lookback time, co-moving distance, scale factor, etc.
Corwin, M. & Wachowiak, D.: "Lookback Time: Observing Cosmic History" in Physics Teacher, Oct. 1989, p. 518. On the effect cosmological models have on the scales of space and time.
A Few Articles about the History of Cosmology
Bartusiak, M. "The Cosmologist Left Behind" in Sky & Telescope, Sep. 2009, p. 30. On V. M. Slipher and his measurements of galaxy motions.
Brush, S. "How Cosmology Became a Science" in Scientific American, Aug. 1992, p. 62. By a noted historian.
Christianson, G. "Mastering the Universe" in Astronomy, Feb. 1999, p. 60. Brief introduction to Hubble's life and work.
Golden, F. "Astronomy's Feisty Old Man" in Astronomy, Dec. 1997, p. 54. A profile of Allan Sandage and his work in pinning down the Hubble constant.
Naze, Y. "The Priest, the Universe, and the Big Bang" in Astronomy, Nov. 2007, p. 40. On the life and work of Georges Lemaitre.
Osterbrock, D. "Edwin Hubble and the Expanding Universe" in Scientific American, July 1993, p. 84.
Smith, R. "The Great Debate Revisited" in Sky & Telescope, Jan. 1983, p. 28. On the Shapley-Curtis debate concerning the nature of galaxies and the scale of the cosmos.
Voller, R. "The Man Who Measured the Cosmos" in Astronomy, Jan. 2012, p. 52. About Milton Humason.
Papers and Articles on Teaching Cosmology
Lightman, A. & Miller, J. 1989, "Contemporary Cosmological Beliefs," Social Studies of Science, vol. 19, p. 127.
Miller, E. 2003, "The Gender Gap in Cosmology: Results from a Small Case Study of Undergraduates," Astronomy Education Review, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 35, http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2002004
Prather, E., et al. 2002, "Hints of a Fundamental Misconception in Cosmology," Astronomy Education Review, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 28, http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2002003
Wallace, Colin An Investigation into Introductory Astronomy Students' Difficulties with Cosmology, and the Development, Validation, and Efficacy of a new Suite of Cosmology Lecture-Tutorials. 2011, PhD dissertation, University of Colorado. On line at: http://www.colorado.edu/physics/EducationIssues/papers/WallaceDissertation.pdf
Wallace, C., Prather, E., and Duncan, D. 2011, "A Study of General Education Astronomy Students' Understandings of Cosmology. Part I. Development and Validation of Four Conceptual Cosmology Surveys," Astronomy Education Review, 10(1), 010106, http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2011029.
Wallace, C., Prather, E., and Duncan, D. 2011, "A Study of General Education Astronomy Students' Understandings of Cosmology. Part II. Evaluating Four Conceptual Cosmology Surveys: A Classical Test Theory Approach," Astronomy Education Review, 10(1), 010107, http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2011030.
Wallace, C., Prather, E., and Duncan, D. 2011, "A Study of General Education Astronomy Students' Understandings of Cosmology. Part III. Evaluating Four Conceptual Cosmology Surveys: An Item Response TheoryApproach," Astronomy Education Review, 11(1), 010103, http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2011031.
Wallace, C., Prather, E., and Duncan, D. 2011, "A Study of General Education Astronomy Students' Understandings of Cosmology. Part IV. Common Difficulties Students Experience with Cosmology," Astronomy Education Review., 11(1), 010104, http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/AER2011032.
Wallace, C., Prather, E., and Duncan D. 2012 "A Study of General Education Astronomy Students' Understandings of Cosmology. Part V. The Effects of a New Suite of Cosmology Lecture-Tutorials on Students' Conceptual Knowledge," International Journal of Science Education, 34(9), 1297. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09500693.2012.677960
Wallace, C. and Prather, E. 2012, "Teaching Physics with Hubble's Law and Dark Matter," American Journal of Physics, 80(5), 382.
This Guide is intended to support the higher education community by making relevant NASA Science Mission Directorate E/PO materials and other resources of potential interest easier to find. NASA-supported education products have passed NASA's Education Product Review. The selection of non-NASA materials and any opinions expressed in the Guide are those of the compiler, and do not imply endorsement by NASA or the Astrophysics Science Education and Public Outreach Forum.
Comments about the Cosmology Resource Guide and the needs of the astrophysics higher education community can be directed to the Astrophysics Forum Liaison to the NASA Science Mission Directorate Higher Education Working Group: Greg Schultz (Astronomical Society of the Pacific), gschultz {at} astrosociety.org.
The Cosmology Resource Guide was produced in collaboration with the NASA Astrophysics education and public outreach (E/PO) community. We also gratefully acknowledge the Astronomy 101 instructors whose input on the needs of the higher education community helped shape this Guide.
Contributing NASA Astrophysics E/PO programs include: Astronomy Picture of the Day, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the Hubble Space Telescope, the NASA Goddard Astrophysics Science Division, the Planck mission, the Sonoma State University E/PO group (Fermi, NuSTAR, Swift, XMM-Newton, Using the Big Ideas in Cosmology), the former Structure and Evolution of the Universe Education Forum, the University of Arizona / JPL Exoplanet Exploration Program Center for Astronomy Education, the University of Chicago E/PO group, and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP).
The Astrophysics Forum is supported by NASA's Science Mission Directorate under Cooperative Agreement NNX09AQ11A to the Space Telescope Science Institute, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, and Johns Hopkins University. Contributing Team Members: Higher Education Liaison, Greg Schultz (Astronomical Society of the Pacific); NASA Content Additions, Mangala Sharma (Space Telescope Science Institute); Image Caption Support, Brandon Lawton (Space Telescope Science Institute); Graphic Design: Pam Jeffries (Space Telescope Science Institute).


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Journal of Texas Women Writers (JoTWW) is an online, peer-reviewed, biannual journal dedicated to fostering Texas women's writing and to studying texts by Texas women writers. JoTWW publishes creative writing (nonfiction, fiction, poetry, etc.) by women writers from or currently living in Texas, scholarly articles about the lives and texts of women writers from Texas and/or women writers who have lived for significant periods in Texas, brief encyclopedic entries on cultural issues relevant to Texas women's writing, as well as reviews of creative, critical, and biographical studies that include Texas women writers. JoTWW's critical articles focus on well-known Texas women writers, such as Katherine Anne Porter (below), Sandra Cisneros, Mary Karr, and Gloria E. Anzaldúa, on lesser-known Texas women writers (such as Dorothy Scarborough, Jane Gilmore Rushing, and Naomi Shihab Nye), and on non-Texas women writers whose texts are set in—or are in some way related to—Texas. Issues are published in spring and fall. Submissions should be sent by email attachment to Dr. Linda Kornasky, Managing Editor: email@example.com. To access the most recent issue, just click on the "Current" link above.
Photograph of Katherine Anne Porter, April 4, 1940; Porter was born in Indian Creek, Texas, in 1890.

subset: commoncrawl


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|Fredonia, Wis.
|High School:
|Physical Education
2013-14 Season (Senior): Named NWCA Scholar All-American...Qualified for the NCAA Division III Championship at 133 lbs. for the first time in his career…Was one win shy of earning All-American status...Finished the season with a 19-7 overall record and an 8-2 record in dual matches…Won three bouts by fall, four by technical fall, five by major decision, six by decision and one by forfeit…Won 12-consecutive matches (one by fall and four by technical fall) from Dec. 20 to Mar. 1…Began the season with a fifth place finish at the UW-Stevens Point Open (Nov. 9) after going 3-2, including two wins by fall with one coming in 43 seconds, his fastest of the season…Won the Northern Wrestling Association Tournament (Feb. 15) at 133 lbs. with a pair of major decision victories…Took second at the NCAA Division III Midwest Regionals (Mar. 1), which included an 18-2 technical fall victory…Won two major decision bouts at the NCAA Division III Championship to conclude his career.
2012-13 Season (Senior): Finished 8-3 at 133 lbs....Began season on a four-match winning streak, two of those coming by major decision...Placed second at the Luther College Open (Nov. 10), including begin the meet with a 12-4 major decision victory over Ben Rosen (Cornell College)...Posted a 4-2 record at the CUW Open (Nov. 17), earning wins by fall over Aaron Davis (Wabash College) and Eric Franklin (Ellsworth Community College).
2011-12 Season (Junior): Finished 17-5 at 133 lbs....Won his third-straight Northern Wrestling Association title, winning a 8-5 overtime decision over MSOE's Austin Binish in the finals...Injuries cut short his participation in the NCAA Division III Regionals and much of January...Placed 2nd at MSOE Invite in December...Finished 3-1 at Inaugural Florida Gulf Coast Duals in Ft. Myers, Fla., on December 18...Scored 24 takedowns, four pins and 16 reversals...Currently has 48 career wins, three wins away from breaking into the top 15 in career wins at CUW.
2010-11 Season (Sophomore): Placed sxith at NCAA Division III Great Lakes Regional at 133 lbs....Finished 19-15 on the season...Won Northern Wrestling Conference at 133 lbs....Finished 3-2 at Wheaton Invitational...Recorded 33 takedowns and five pins.
2009-10 Season (Freshman): Went 12-14 during his freshman campaign at 125 lbs....Won his first Northern Wrestling Association title in February...Finished 8th at the Florida Citrus Invite in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., in late December.
High School (Ozaukee): Finished sixth at 2009 WIAA Division 3 State Tournament his senior year at 112 lbs....WIAA Division 3 State qualifier his junior year at 103 lbs....Finished high school career with a 107-50-0 record...Coached in high school by Jerry Hoffman and Luke Gundrum.
Personal: Son of Stan and Amy...Has two brothers, Luke and Mitch.


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Rejoice! We made it through the "Blood Moon" Lunar Eclipse and the Cardinal Grand Cross, which means the hardest part of 2014 is over.
And now, get ready for this: The New Moon Solar Eclipse in practical, peaceful Taurus on April 29, 2014, will usher in brighter days.
This Solar Eclipse urges you to make peace with your past so you can embrace all the new opportunities it will bring. If you have unresolved financial issues or things nagging at your self-esteem, address them now.
More good news! This eclipse is making supportive alignments with other planets that will enhance communication, so it should be even easier to share ideas and inspire one another.
You made it, now enjoy it!
Get insight to move forward with a Free Tarot reading now »
Here we go again! Today, April 21, 2014, marks the fifth exact Uranus-Pluto square in a series of seven stressful squares taking place from 2012-2015. But this time there's more!
This particular Uranus-Pluto square is part of a Cardinal Grand Cross, which is something you may be hearing a lot about in the media — and that's because this Grand Cross is the most powerful planetary pattern of the year!
This Grand Cross or Grand Square, whichever you prefer to call it, is an alignment between four heavy-duty planets: Mars, the planet of action and energy; Jupiter, the planet of expansion; Uranus, planet of surprises; and Pluto, planet of transformation.
Each of these planets is in a pushy, Cardinal (season-starting) sign, too, so what we end up with is a Cardinal Grand Cross that can create chaos born from the need to make change happen RIGHT NOW!
You'll feel this energy from April 20-23, 2014, but the affects will be life-changing and long-lasting. Read more about this powerful event at Tarot.com, and consider a calming Tarot reading to keep your balance during this stressful time. Good luck!
Get calming insight with a Free Tarot reading from Tarot.com!
Pluto is such a misunderstood planet. I can remember growing up in the era of "Mork & Mindy," and I would get very confused whenever I heard Mork say "Don't ever go to Pluto, it's a Mickey Mouse planet." Huh? What?
But I get it now. Pluto IS a Mickey Mouse planet, in that some people don't take it any more seriously than they would a cartoon. It was even downgraded to a "dwarf planet" in astronomy in 2006. But in Astrology, Pluto remains a strong planetary player.
Pluto should be taken seriously. It's tiny, but powerful, and it's going retrograde in hardworking Capricorn for five months starting April 14, 2014.
Pluto goes retrograde every year, so it's not groundbreaking in that sense. But you should know that when Pluto is retrograde in Capricorn it will put us in a more reflective state of mind that forces us to confront our own dark sides.
This will be a period of personal reckoning intended to lead to self-improvement — after all, we can't fix the things about ourselves we don't like until we take a closer look at them, right?
Pluto means business, and there's nothing Goofy about that.
Make the most of Pluto Retrograde with a Self-Healing Tarot reading from Tarot.com »
Watch your mouths today, friends! Communication planet Mercury is heading into fiery Aries from April 7-23, 2014, and it's quite possible that we'll be thinking and speaking so fast during this time that we'll make a few flubs.
Mercury in Aries is an impulsive transit that is great for opening the lines of communication and giving us the encouragement we need to say exactly what we think and feel. But at the same time we may find ourselves lacking some sensitivity.
It's important to think before you speak or act, be tolerant of others and try to practice patience now — it won't be easy. But it will be exciting!
Mercury is the planet of "think" and Aries is the sign of "do," so when these two crazy kids meet up it should result in a brainstorm of brilliant and innovative ideas you can put into action immediately.
Enjoy the adventure!
Find out what action awaits you with a personal 30-Day Astrology Forecast from Tarot.com »


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U.S. Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission
Federal Agency Charges That Nation's Largest Jiffy Lube Franchisee Refused to Hire Applicant Because of Hearing Impairment
MEMPHIS, Tenn. – Heartland Automotive Services, Inc., the nation's largest Jiffy Lube franchisee, violated federal law by refusing to hire an applicant at a Memphis store because of his hearing impairment, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) charged in a lawsuit filed yesterday.
The EEOC's suit (Civil Action No. 2:12-cv-02054 in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Tennessee, Western Division) alleges that Heartland violated the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by refusing to hire Louis A. Davidson because he suffers from a hearing impairment. The agency contends that Davidson applied for a lube technician position at the Poplar Avenue Jiffy Lube through an online jobsite. After reviewing his application, the store manager telephoned Davidson to discuss his interest in and availability for the position. According to the EEOC, when the store manager learned that Davidson was deaf, he stated that they did not have a position for someone with that "type of handicap" and ended the telephone conversation.
Failure to hire an individual because of a disability violates Title I of the ADA. The EEOC filed suit after first attempting to reach a voluntary settlement through its conciliation process. The agency's lawsuit seeks, among other things, instatement for Davidson with retroactive benefits, monetary relief in the form of back pay, compensatory and punitive damages and a permanent injunction enjoining Heartland Automotive Services from further discriminating on the basis of disability.
"Heartland refused to hire Mr. Davidson to work simply because of his disability," said Katharine W. Kores, district director of the EEOC's Memphis District Office, which has jurisdiction over Arkansas, Tennessee and portions of Mississippi. "The EEOC is committed to its responsibility to enforce the ADA and combat this type of blatant discrimination, which prevents people with disabilities from advancing in the workplace."
According to company information, Heartland Automotive Services is a Minnesota corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas. As the nation's largest Jiffy Lube franchisee, Heartland Automotive Services provides quick lube retail maintenance at service stations throughout the country. Heartland Automotive Services operates more than 435 Jiffy Lube locations and employs approximately 3,500 people.
The EEOC enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. Further information about the EEOC is available on its web site at www.eeoc.gov.


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Compare now and find the Best price
*Due to manufacturing the items take 4 weeks from the day purchasing. These items are made to order bespoke items. Made for each individual who orders. So unfortunately returns are not available because of size issues so please measure the chest size of the wearer of the itemand then order the corresponding size. **Again please measure the chest of the individual before ordering and also add the individuals body shape in to account as these are a fitted shirt. Airosportswear- Wales Cycling Jersey Designed by Airosportswear 100D 165g Garment features 3 pockets at back. The Long Sleeve version has a full length zip.


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We're sorry, there are no records matching your selection. Please try clearing the search filters.
To get the best possible experience using our website we recommend that you update your browser to the latest version or use another browser. A list of the most popular web browsers can be found below.
Just click on an icon to get to the download page.


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Click here to try our new interactive feeding chart!
All measurements are per gallon.
For optimum biological activity which fixates and increases availability of nutrients, combine nutrients and additives with water and allow to "brew" for at least 24 hours prior to use. It is suggested if brewed for a 24 period cut the base nutrients by half.
All Feeding Charts and application recommendations are not definitive instructions. All crops and genetic strains within plant species have different metabolism rates. Some strains are genetically predisposed to be heavy feeders and others are light feeders. There are also environmental conditions that provide for higher metabolism rates (CO2). This makes it difficult for us to provide set in stone instructions. We recommend that all gardeners research their favorite strain and learn what it likes. More importantly, pay attention to what your plants are telling you.


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Why EarthLink?
EarthLink is a leading internet service provider offering high-speed internet that is reliable, safe and affordable. No matter the usage or device, we have you covered. Find the service right for you.
Unlimited Data
Surf, download and stream on all of your devices knowing that there are no data caps.
Customizable Plans
Choose the EarthLink plan that best suits your Internet preferences.
Safe Connectivity
Help secure your internet access with Norton products provided by EarthLink.
EarthLink offers all internet services you need, none of the bundles you don't. Our internet packages offer speed and reliability at an affordable cost.
Security & Tools
EarthLink provides Norton protection for your family of PCs, Macs, smartphones and tablets. Our solutions preserve your privacy and are designed to help protect against viruses.
Website & Marketing
It's never been easier to get your business online. EarthLink's expert web hosting services come with all you need to publish and promote your website today. Whether you would the help of our experts or to design it yourself, EarthLink has a solution for you.


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Michigan Family Allowed to Keep Pet Deer
A Michigan family has won a fight with the state government to keep a deer they have raised since it was a fawn.
The family, whose identity has not been publicly released, rescued the deer, who they named Lilly, five years ago after its mother was hit by a car immediately following her birth, ABC affiliate WXYZ reported.
Because Michigan law maintains that only licensed rehabilitators can legally possess wildlife, Michigan's Department of Natural Resources wanted to remove Lilly from her owners which sparked a wave of outrage on the internet. A change.org petition garnered 16,004 signatures, and an Indiegogo petition that was launched to help the family with legal funds, raised nearly $2,500. According to the Indiegogo petition, a Facebook group was also created and amassed 10,000 supporters before it was deleted.
The family's lawyer, Val Washington, released a statement Monday that a deal had been reached with the Department of Natural Resources after "several weeks of negotiations."
"Lilly's caretakers have applied for an Exhibition Class Permit and they will continue to provide Lilly with the love, care, and environment she needs to thrive," Washington said.
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources told ABC News that the permit has an annual fee of $450. Additionally, the family will have to do annual disease testing on Lilly and maintain a suitable fence around their yard.
Washington said the family has paid for the fees for the permit already.
Lilly's owners released the following statement: "As you can imagine the last several weeks have been an emotional roller coaster for us and now that the agreement has been signed we would like to recapture the regular routine of our lives."


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Hanging With Rudolph
Saturday, December 8
per painter
Learn more
Class Details
Rudolph is so endearing with his quirky expression. This is such a fun painting for people of all ages.
Put your reindeer on a wood pallet for only $10 more! Upgrade in class!
Pinot's Palette- Lake St. Louis is a leader in the paint & sip experience! We welcome painters of all skill levels. Our artist will lead you step-by-step through creating your version of the featured painting. All painting supplies are included in the price of the class. Always remember that your canvas is your own and you are welcome to get creative and decorate it any way you like.
So things run smoothly, please remember:
~ Get here about 15-20 minutes before the posted start time so you have time to grab an apron and a drink. We begin painting right on time.
~ City liquor law prohibits outside alcohol, but don't worry, we won't leave you hanging! We sell wine, beer, soda and iced tea right here. Go ahead and leave those Yetis and Big Gulps in the car, opened containers of ANY kind are a no-no.
~ Feeling like a snack? We have a small selection, and you are also welcome to bring your own. We have the plates, napkins and cutlery covered.
~ Everyone in your party needs to be 16 or over, with the exception of our "Little Brushes" or "Family-friendly" class.
~ Little Brushes and Family-friendly classes- we recommend a min. age of 5. We do not do drop-offs.
Please see the FAQ's on our website for more info.
Something come up and you can't make it? Just let us know more than 48 hours before class and we will shoot you a refund. Sorry, because we saved a seat just for you, there are no refunds less than 48 hours before class.
Classes are subject to cancellation in the event the minimum number of painters don't register. No worries, if we cancel we will refund your seats.
Questions? Just give us a ring! 636-265-0799
The Perfect Night Out
Enjoy drinks, upbeat music and hanging out with your favorite people while you paint! It's as fun for first-time painters as it is for experienced artists.
Fun Atmosphere
From the moment you walk in, the mood is light, the music is fun and the conversation comes easy!
Easy to Do
You don't need to be a seasoned painter — we make it easy for everyone to find their inner artist!
Sit Together
You'll get seats with all your friends, even if you book separately. Just tell us your friends' names when you register.
Paint Your Way
There's no rule that says you have to follow the artist's steps. It's your art, so paint it however you like!
Frequently Asked Questions
Check out our FAQs to learn more about what to expect from your Pinot's Palette experience or feel free to call the studio to speak to a member of our staff.
Can I bring my own wine?
No, you cannot. Liquor laws vary by jurisdiction and Lake St. Louis does not allow bringing your own liquor. But don't worry, we have a wide variety of wine & beer available for purchase at our convenient in-studio bar! Leave those Yetis and Big Gulps in the car, no opened containers of any kind are permitted.
What is your Public class cancellation policy?
If you are a "no show" or cancel your reservation with less than 24 hours notice of the scheduled event, no refunds will be granted. If your cancellation is between 24-48 hours, an in-studio credit valid for 90 days will be issued. If you cancel before 48 hours in advance of the scheduled event a full refund can be granted.
What are the age requirements?
We are an art entertainment studio with many of our classes geared towards adults. Our evening public classes have the following requirements: 12 to 17 years old with an adult. Patrons must be 21 or older to purchase alcohol. Check our calendar for "Little Brushes" kids classes where the age requirement is five and up. We do not do drop offs, everyone under 17 must have a parent or guardian with them for the entire class.
Can I bring a friend or family member to watch but not paint?
To ensure a full and fun experience for everyone, we do not allow non-painting guests. The exception is Family Day, when a parent can bring their child but not paint.
Do I need a reservation/ what is the average cost of a class?
While reservations are not required, they are highly recommended to avoid missing the class due to a sell out. Usually the cost of an event is $35 per painter for a 2 hour party and $45 for a 3 hour.


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Albert Backpack
- Inside Zipped Pocket
- Spacious Main Compartment
- Side Zip Pocket for Easy Access Inside
- Water Repellant Exterior
- Free Delivery above $200* Yes
- Free 30 Days Return Yes
- Cash On Delivery Yes
This item is sold by G.ride HK and fulfilled by our delivery providers.
Free delivery above $200 per seller or $400 on Direct from Korea items.
Have A Question?
We're here to help!
|SKU (simple)
|Care label
- Clean with a Damp Cloth
- Don't put in the Washing Machine
- Don't use Bleach or Detergent
- Dry in the Shade
- Not Recommended to Wash Leather
|Polyester Cationic
Capacity 24L
Not 100% satisfied with your item? We offer 30 days free returns, no questions asked.
There are only 4 easy steps to return your item online!
For more information, check out our FAQ HERE.
- You can enjoy free shipping on this product if you buy products up to HKD$200 per seller.
*For details, please refer to our FAQ
- Items are shipped directly from the supplier and will be delivered separately.
- Please take note that the delivery lead time is between 3 - 5 working days from the date that the order is made.


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Right-Sizing Laboratory HVAC Systems, Part 1 of a two-part series
Right-Sizing Laboratory HVAC Systems, Part 2 of two-part series
Google to Spend Millions on Developing Renewable Energy
Johnson Controls Sets Aggressive Greenhouse-Gas Emissions-Reduction Goal
News from Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA) International
Study Details How U.S. Could Cut 28 Percent of Greenhouse Gases
The EGB Conference and Expo is the only green-design event focused on green engineering applications as they apply to mechanical systems for commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings. Last year's event attracted more than 300 participants, including mechanical-system designers and specifiers and manufacturers demonstrating the green characteristics and applications of their mechanical systems, components, equipment, products, technology, and services.
Individuals interested in attending or exhibiting at EGB 2008 should contact Jeff Ferenc, conference manager, at 312-848-8405 or [email protected]...[MORE]
HPAC Engineering Co-Sponsor of Global Engineering Conference
WQA Aquatech USA 2008
Fastrack December 2007
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Jessica Smith is executive director of Silo and working on their last show for the year, BREL (Nov 1-24).
The book I love most is ... The Little Prince, by Antoine De Saint-Exupery. This is the best story about not taking things at face value, and matters of consequence. All grown-ups should read this parable, especially those in positions of power.
The book I'm reading now is ... The Devil's Cup, by Stewart Lee Allan, a wild and revelatory account of modern history filtered through the lens of the humble coffee bean. I like that the very earliest coffee houses were meeting places for many of the world's greatest minds and artistic geniuses.
The book I'd like to read next is ... Emily Perkins' Novel About My Wife.
My favourite bookshop is ... I cannot walk past Unity in Auckland without going in and buying something. And the people who work there are awesome.
The book that changed me is ... A few have had a big impact but I wouldn't say they've changed me, perhaps helped me to better understand some things. An extraordinary teacher, Ms Shea, read a book to my Form 1 class that I will never forget - Witi Ihimaera's collection of short stories, Pounamu Pounamu. I joined our kapa haka group afterwards.
The book I wish I'd never read is ... No regrets - the bad ones have shed light on what I do and don't like.


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The My games section in the Xbox Console Companion app on Windows 10 lets you browse and launch your game collection from a single location.
The Xbox Console Companion app supports automated discovery of all Microsoft Store games and some non-Store (Win32) PC games, so they're added to your game collection within the app automatically. But due to the sheer number of games and sources of content a user can go to when looking for or purchasing new games, there will always be titles that have not yet been identified as a game.
If a game or program isn't automatically added, you can manually add it to your collection by selecting My games and then selecting Add a game from your PC.
You'll see a scrollable list of all Win32 games and programs that have Start menu shortcuts. From the list, find what you want to add to your My games menu so you can quickly browse for and launch the games you want to play or programs you want to use.
Once you've selected your choices, select Add selected games at the bottom of the pop-up window.
Your games and programs are now added to your list.
You can right-click on any title to bring up a pop-up box with the following options:
If a game or program doesn't appear in your scrollable list, you haven't added a shortcut to the Start menu. To add your game, you'll need to create a Start menu shortcut. This can be done in several ways:
Uninstall and reinstall your game
Most Win32 PC games and programs give you the option during install to add a Start menu shortcut or a desktop shortcut. If you didn't add a shortcut when you installed your game, uninstall and reinstall the game, and then create the shortcut when prompted.
Note At this time, the "Add a game from your PC" feature doesn't recognize desktop shortcuts, but you can use the desktop shortcut to create a Start menu shortcut so you can add your game to the My games list in the Xbox Console Companion app.
Use a desktop shortcut to create a Start menu shortcut
Open File Explorer and copy and paste the following path into the file path bar:
This is the Start menu shortcut location. You now can copy and paste your desktop shortcut into this file location.
If the Xbox Console Companion app is still open, close and restart the app. The new programs will now appear in the "Add a game from your PC" list.
Depending on where the program is installed, locate the program in either your C:\Programs Files folder or your C:\Programs Files (x86) folder. Once you've found the program, right-click on the file and select Create shortcut.
Once you've created the shortcut, you can move it to the Start menu using the same steps in the "Use a desktop shortcut to create a Start menu shortcut" section.
Thanks for your feedback!
Provide feedback for this topic
Would you like to contact Support regarding the "How to manage the My games list in the Xbox Console Companion app on Windows 10" issue you were reading about or a different issue?


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COOKEVILLE, Tenn. -- When the space shuttle Atlantis took flight Friday morning, marking the end of NASA's 30-year-old shuttle program, the voice of a former Golden Eagle linebacker and member of the Tennessee Tech Sports Hall of Fame rang out through mission control, guiding the astronauts on board through the dramatic launch into orbit.
Barry Wilmore, who was raised in Mt. Juliet but now lives with
his family in Houston, served as the capcom, or the head of
communication in mission control, during the shuttle's ascent into
orbit and its entry into the atmosphere at the end of the mission.
It is a vital role in what he called the most dynamic part of the
shuttle's final mission.
Wilmore played football at Tech, arriving on campus as a walk-on and workig his way into not only a scholarship but the University's Sports Hall of Fame.
Atlantis' final launch marked the second consecutive time Wilmore served as capcom. Wilmore also spent about 11 days in space in 2009, when he was the pilot aboard another shuttle flight.
On the eve of the scheduled launch date, Wilmore said it was an honor to be involved with the program as it approaches its end.
"I do take a lot of pride in trying to do the job and do it well," he said. "It is nice to be a part of it as the program goes away."
He sees the end of the shuttle program as bittersweet, likening it to the loss of his first car, a Ford Mustang.
"It had to go away and I was sad to see it go, but I was looking forward to the next car," he said.
Wilmore is learning Russian in anticipation of piloting a mission out of Russia in a few years.
Wilmore said the shuttle program's legacy would live on in the lives of those it inspired.
"Our shuttle program has inspired people to do things that they might not have ordinarily … done," he said. "There's people that I've worked with that went and got master's degrees and doctorate degrees because they hoped to be able to play a role in what we're doing."
The program also is significant, Wilmore said, for the role it played in the construction of the International Space Station, which has brought more than a dozen countries together to explore space.
"It's just an unbelievably remarkable human achievement … that would not be possible, the way we built it, without the shuttle," he said of the space station.
Note: Parts of this story provided by The Tennessean


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In a strongly-worded resolution passed by its Executive Board on May 22, 2010, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) condemned the enactment of a new law in Arizona that directs law enforcement officers to detain individuals and investigate their immigration status if they think they might be in the country without documentation.
Arizona Senate Bill (SB) 1070, signed into law by Arizona Governor Jan Brewer one month ago, makes the failure to carry certain immigration documents a crime and gives the police broad power to detain anyone suspected of being in the country illegally, even if they have committed no other crime. A recently passed amendment to SB 1070, House Bill 2162, states that a person's immigration status can only be investigated during a legal stop or arrest.
Arizona has a large Hispanic population, and many commentators have perceived the law as a movement to target and harass this group. The leadership of the American Anthropological Association views the law as giving police broad discretion to single out members of a specific ethnic group, and to encroach on established due process rights.
"The AAA has a long and rich history of supporting policies that prohibit discrimination based on race, ethnicity, national origin, religion or sexual orientation, and of concern for the well-being of immigrant populations," AAA Executive Board Member Debra Martin said in a statement issued today. "Recent actions by the Arizona officials and law enforcement are not only discriminatory; they are also predatory and unconstitutional."
The AAA resolution pledges that the association as a whole will refuse to hold a scholarly conference in Arizona until SB 1070 is either repealed or struck down as constitutionally invalid. It makes an exception for conferences held on Indian reservations in Arizona.


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Forms and Resources
Form instructions
- Fill out the online form or print the online form and fill it out if the form is not writable.
- Sign the printed form
- Fax form to 816-235-5513 or mail to:
UMKC Registration and Records Office
115 Administrative Center
5100 Rockhill Road
Kansas City, MO 64110-2499
- You can use the New Registration and Records Work Center for the following forms. This is a tool that allows you to upload the form after getting signatures and this goes directly to the queue to be processed.
Note: You will need the free Acrobat Reader from Adobe to view PDF documents. You can
download it from the Adobe Web site.
Student forms, click here
Several of these forms require signatures from your department or academic unit. Read the forms carefully to ensure you have all of the necessary approvals before submitting any document to Registration and Records Office.
- Student Information Change (name, address, phone, e-mail, Social Security Number)
- Add / Drop / Registration | Typeable Version
- Credit by Departmental Examination
- Credit / No Credit Grade Option
- Graduate Studies Forms
- KUMC/UMKC Agreement
- Statement of Financial Responsibility
- Term Withdrawal (requires sign-in)
- UM Visiting Graduate Student Program: Information | Application
- Undergraduate
Course Authorization Form (for Graduate Students)
Degrees and Graduation
- Declaration of Major (DOM)
- Duplicate Diploma Request
- Leave of Absence - Request
- Leave of Absence - Return
- Authorization for Document Pick-Up
- FERPA Access to Student Records
- FERPA Restrict or Release Directory Information
- Student Reference Request (one-time consent to release student information)
- eConsent Withdrawal
- Academic Amnesty Petition
- General Education Core Petition
- Refund Exceptions Petitions
- Request for GPA Adjustment (undergraduate course repeats)
- Request to Re-Enroll
- Retroactive or Late Withdrawal Petition
Student Information
FERPA and Student Records Privacy
Faculty and staff forms, click here
- Student Reference Request FERPA Release and Release of Liability
- Grade Change (requires sign-in)
- Graduation Petition (print version) | writeable version
- Pathway Access Request
- Schedule of Classes
Student resources, click here
Several of these resources require you to sign-in with your Single-Sign-On (SSO) and password. See UMKC Information Services Web site for information on changing, resetting, or recovering your SSO password.
Faculty and staff resources, click here
- Blackboard
- Pathway
- PlanMyDegree
- WebNow
- MyHR
- Webmail
- Cognos
- UFirst
- FERPA Course Instructions
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I wrote this short poem on Oct 25, 1967 in Birmingham, Alabama. I was home on leave from Sub School. It was my twenty-second birthday and I had orders to report to the USS James Madison, SSBN627(B) in Charleston, SC on Nov 7th.
I had said good-night to my girlfriend earlier and was driving around alone that night contemplating my future and the decisions I made to become a submariner. I was enjoying the break from nearly two years of Navy schools. I know all the "Nukes" can identify with the relief, as well as the expectations I felt that night.
It was a dark, warm night and a strong thunderstorm came up rather quickly. It started raining very hard, so I parked the car on a quiet south-side street a few blocks from my parent's home. I sat enjoying the sights and sounds of lightning, thunder and large raindrops pounding my car.
This is just one of the special experiences that submariners miss while on patrol. I am so glad that I captured my feelings that night in two short verses. I would return to that night in Birmingham every time I read this poem in my quiet place - a padded floor locker in upper level missile compartment outboard of tubes two and four. I would like to share my experience with those brothers that may have found that (somewhat ironic) place to rest and study. I hope you enjoy the poem and that this narrative triggers a few special memories of your own.
Thoughts on a Rainy Day
Come, O' rain,
Beat upon on my brow;
Do it now,
Before this feeling goes away!
Blow, cruel wind,
Tear the shirt from my back;
I'll welcome the attack,
For such is my mood today.
Written 25 October 1967
© 2013 Roy Mack Bowen
Thoughts on a Rainy Day
Many exercised their creative talents during downtime on patrol by writing poetry or prose. Here's a spot to share yours.
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- Posts: 61
- Joined: Wed Oct 25, 2006 7:25 pm
- First Name: Roy
- Last Name: Bowen
- Crew?: Both
- Which Years on Board: 1967-1971
- Special Crew?: Neither
- Rate: EM2(SS/DV)
Thoughts on a Rainy Day
R.M. Bowen EM2(SS/DV)
1967-1970 blue crew April 1970-1971 gold crew
1967-1970 blue crew April 1970-1971 gold crew
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Black Friday will mark a couple of firsts for the Belk store at Jacksonville Mall.
Black Friday will mark a couple of firsts for the Belk store at Jacksonville Mall.
The store will open earlier than ever this year, welcoming shoppers at 12 a.m. Friday, three hours earlier than last year. This will also be its first Christmas shopping season since its recent renovation.
The store�s after Thanksgiving sale will feature more than 300 Early Bird specials and a gift card giveaway for the first customers through the door, including one worth $1,000.
�We are excited and ready for it. We expect a strong holiday season due to the recent renovation and the great assortment of merchandise,� general manager Jenny Hutcherson said.
The store will be among the nearly 40 retailers at the mall that will also open their doors at the midnight hour to welcome eager Black Friday shoppers.
The mall did not open until 5 a.m. last year, but found the shoppers already out milling around the mall with several of the anchor stores already open.
�It made sense for us to do it to accommodate the shoppers,� said Anastasia Paszkiewicz, mall marketing director.
Black Friday is the traditional kick-off of the Christmas shopping season and one of the busiest days of the year for merchants.
�It�s our longest day we�re open during the year,� said Tim Hutchens, general manager of Best Buy of Jacksonville, which will be open from 12 a.m. to 10 p.m. on Friday
But Hutchens said they are ready with extra staff for the holidays, all registers open to ring up purchases as quickly as possible and extra measures taken to ensure a safe and smooth shopping experience for the Black Friday crowd, known to line up as early as Wednesday to get in the doors first.
�I think for a lot of people it�s a tradition. I think some show up and are undecided (about what they are buying) but like doing it,� Hutchens said.
But for the bulk of the Black Friday shoppers, it�s the deals they are after and Hutchens said there are plenty, from a 40-inch Toshiba television to low prices on name-brand laptop computers.
Electronics, he said, are always the hot Christmas item. There�s always something faster, smarter, sleeker.
�One thing great about electronics is that every year there is always something new,� he said.
Finding the best deals begins for many shoppers with another Thanksgiving tradition, sorting through the Black Friday ads that come with the Thanksgiving Day paper.
Daily News circulation director Don Wilson said they have been working hard to get ready for the biggest day of the year for advertising inserts for the newspaper.
�It�s our biggest paper of the year,� Wilson said. �We have more inserts than we did last year and it�s a team effort of circulation and production to get these out to the carriers and for them to get them out to customers.�
And for those who make it a weekend of shopping, the Sunday newspaper after Thanksgiving follows as the second largest of the year for advertising inserts.
Paszkiewicz said Black Friday is one of the biggest days of the year for the mall, but she said there�s still plenty of shopping to be done after Black Friday.
While there is the traditional after-Thanksgiving crowd, she said there are always those who shop throughout the season or wait until closer to Christmas.
She looks forward to seeing them all.
�We�re ready for them,� she said.
For those who can�t wait until Friday to begin their shopping, a number of retailers in the area will be open on Thanksgivng Day.
Walmart�s 24-hour schedule continues and the store will kick-off its in-store specials at 8 p.m. on Thanksgiving Day followed by its electronics event at 10 p.m. and additional specials starting at 5 a.m. on Black Friday.
Kmart stores will be open 6 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Thanksgiving Day and reopen tonight from 8 p.m. to 3 a.m. Friday.
Old Navy will be open from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. on Thanksgiving Day and reopen at midnight for Black Friday. Michaels is also open today from 4 to 11 p.m. and will reopen at 6 a.m. on Black Friday. Peebles will be open from 8 p.m. to midnight and again at 6 a.m. Friday.
Toys R Us opens at 8 p.m. tonight and Target at 9 p.m.
Contact Daily News reporter Jannette Pippin at 910-382-2557 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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24U Email OSAX is a Scripting Addition. It extends AppleScript by an ability to send electronic mails directly from your scripts (e.g. CGI, Folder Action, database), without need of any additional helper aplication. E-mails may be sent to one or more persons depending on your will. After installing 24U Email OSAX, your computer will understand a new AppleScript statement - "send email". This statement allows you to send e-mails via your favorite SMTP host, use all standard e-mail headers (To, Cc, Bcc, From, Reply-To), add custom headers (such as X-Priority), and attach files to your e-mails.
What's New in 24U Email OSAX
- Extra new lines does not appear in the messages any more
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text:
- "When young Harry here stepped into Flourish and Blotts this morning to purchase my autobiography, Magical Me — which, incidentally is celebrating its twenty-seventh week atop The Daily Prophet's Bestseller List — he had no idea that he would, in fact, be leaving with my entire collected works — free of charge. "
- —Gilderoy Lockhart[src]
The Daily Prophet's Bestseller List was a list published by the Daily Prophet denoting the top-selling books of the current week. Gilderoy Lockhart's Magical Me once spent at least twenty-seven weeks at the number one spot on this list, around the time of Harry Potter and the Weasley family's visit to Diagon Alley in August of 1992.[1]
Behind the scenes
- It is unclear whether other best-selling books mentioned in the series, such as Lockhart's mention in the book of an unspecified book sitting six months on a best-sellers' list, are referring to this list or another, as of yet unidentified, bestseller list. Since Lockhart was a master of self-publicity, it would be illogical to presume anything.
- Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film) (Mentioned only)
Notes and references
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


text:
Home > Sunglasses > Carrera > GRAND PRIX 2 (T4O/9O)
GRAND PRIX 2 is available in 4 additional attractive styles
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These Sunglasses are a guarantee for looking good for both men and women. Eyewear is in. Full rim is extremely popular, because you feel that you get more eyeglass for your money. It is not just about their resilience, but also about the visibility of material and design, which are of the highest quality. The rectangular shape of the frame exudes self-confidence and power. Especially for round shaped faces, the rectangle is a perfect counterpoint. Plastic is a very lightweight and flexible material. This ensures a long life and a high level of comfort. Black eyeglasses are a must-have. They can be combined with anything and refine any style. Whether at your desk, in a club or at a fashion show - black always fits. The fact that the colour grey matches everything, also applies to sunglass lenses. They suit everything in your wardrobe and never go out of fashion. You can rely on the guaranteed UV400 protection, for all the sunglasses in our shop.
The model is in stock. If you order now with the express shipping option, we can even guarantee the time of delivery. If you buy at Edel-Optics you get the best price, because "in the sale" is our standard.


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I'm taking a vacation to Los Angeles next week and my friend Ron Dollete (of Lush Angeles) and I thought it would be fun to organize a Booze Nerd Meetup while I'm in town. We're going to meet at Bar and Kitchen in the O Hotel in downtown LA from 8-11 pm on Wednesday, July 13. Booze nerds and nerds of any type — I'm looking at you, libertarians! — are invited to join us. I've heard great things about the food and drink there, so I'm looking forward to it.
In an unexpected bit of synchronicity, Bar and Kitchen is also taking part in a Bols punch crawl that very night. Even when I go on vacation the genever seems to follow. Details for the punch crawl are available on Thrillist.
Here's Ron's Facebook description of the meet-up; hope to see you there!
Come join Jacob and Ron at Bar & Kitchen for a meetup of drunks, fools, liars and drunks.
This is just a meetup, so you'll be covering your own tab. Unless you order a Harvey Wallbanger, in which case Ron will probably buy your drink.
Wednesday, 13th of July at 8pm at Bar | Kitchen.
Jacob Grier is a bartender and writer based in Portland, Oregon. You can check out his site at http://jacobgrier.com/ and on Twitter @JacobGrier
Ron Dollete is not to be trusted under any circumstances. You can check out his site at http://lushangeles.com/ and on Twitter @LushAngeles
Located inside the O Hotel in Downtown Los Angeles, Bar & Kitchen offers something for everyone, from addictive bar snacks to full sized entrees. And because it's Ron and Jacob, there will of course be cocktails, beer, wine and plenty of amari.
Twitter hashtag #BoozeNerdTweetup


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Brown and Contractors State License Board Stop Massive Statewide Home Repair Scheme
SAN DIEGO – Attorney General Edmund G. Brown Jr. and the Contractors State License Board (CSLB) have finalized an agreement that will stop a massive service and repair scheme that unfairly overcharged thousands of Californians for "shoddy and woefully inadequate" home repair work.
"This massive scheme defrauded thousands of California homeowners who were charged exorbitant fees for shoddy and woefully inadequate home repair work by unlicensed and unskilled contractors," Attorney General Brown said. "The agreement stops the illegal practices and gives homeowners a chance to recover some of their losses."
A months-long investigation by the Attorney General's Office and the Contractors State License Board found that SRVS Charge Inc. and its affiliated companies had been cheating some 6,000 customers each year for overpriced and substandard home repair work since 1989.
To stop the companies' illegal practices and provide restitution to those who were victimized, Brown and the CSLB reached a settlement with:
• SRVS Charge Inc. and its affiliates,
• Principal owner, Sarkis Terabelian, 43, of Burbank;
• General manager, Zohrab "Rob" Mkhitarian, 40, of Burbank; and
• Associates Marine Metspakyan, 33, Avetik Avo Gyandzhyan, 38, Lilit Lusparyan, 28, Alisa Oganyan, 35, Estine Akopyan, 28, and Vardui Terabelian, 45.
The defendants operated various service and repair companies that employed electricians, plumbers, and heating and air-conditioning technicians in Southern California, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the Sacramento region. These companies routinely targeted elderly Californians.
Exorbitant customer fees enabled Sarkis Terabelian, Mkhitarian, and his associates to purchase two helicopters, a Mercedes-Benz, and real property valued in excess of $1 million. Title to these vehicles and real property were seized by the Attorney General's Office last year and will be released as a result of the settlement.
SRVS Charge Inc.'s scheme worked like this:
• The company placed millions of dollars in telephone directory advertising, including many full-page ads. The ads, which listed different company names, claimed a 100% satisfaction guarantee and senior discounts. When customers called the numbers listed in any of the ads, they would be directed to a central call center.
• Many times repairmen would be dispatched from a different company than the customer called.
• Often, these workers had not undergone the criminal background check required of all contractors and Home Improvement Salespeople licensed by the Contractors State License Board since January 1, 2005.
• Customers were charged high prices for emergency home service and repair, often unrelated to the actual home repair work. Much of the work was poorly done or never completed.
• If a customer refused to pay, the company would file a lien against the home to force payment.
Because the company used multiple business names, it was difficult, if not impossible, for customers to seek recourse for incompetent workmanship, incomplete work, or any other issue that arose on their project. Customers were often denied refunds, despite the existence of the "100% satisfaction guarantee" promised in the ads.
Over several years, the Attorney General and the CSLB shut down affiliates of SRVS Charge, Inc. But instead of ending their scheme, the defendants continued to run their company under a labyrinth of business names and fraudulent contractor license numbers that were interchangeable. When CSLB either revoked a license or received an excessive number of complaints, the company would establish a new corporate identity and business would continue without interruption.
As part of its investigation, CSLB conducted undercover stings against service technicians suspected of using these fraudulent licenses and referred instances of the illegal activity to the San Diego, Los Angeles, Santa Clara, and Sacramento County district attorney's offices. In one instance, the San Diego District Attorney's Office found that a service technician had also committed burglary and theft and is now being prosecuted for his crimes.
Attorney General Brown entered into a final agreement with the defendants in San Diego Superior Court on March 12, 2009, and the agreement was made public today. The settlement provides for the following.
• A permanent injunction against the defendants' prior illegal activities. This includes:
o CSLB monitoring of the defendants' operations for one year;
o Mandatory registration of all company service technicians with CSLB. This requires technicians to undergo a criminal background check;
o Capping the number of business licenses that the defendants can use to a maximum of five;
o Preventing the defendants from charging exorbitant fees or fees that have nothing to do with the actual work that is performed;
o Fully disclosing to CSLB the names of the directors, officers, and employees of their company; and
o Mandatory customer complaint tracking with proper complaint investigation and reasonable efforts to resolve them.
o Prohibiting the defendants from engaging in false advertising.
• $3 million in penalties and restitution to be distributed as follows:
o $1.3 million to be used for consumer restitution;
o $450,000 to be assessed in penalties for state Business and Professions Code violations; and
o The remainder to be used to reimburse CSLB for investigative costs, legal costs, and costs of monitoring future compliance with the judgment.
"This settlement is a victory for California consumers and legitimate contractors, and brings resolution to thousands of hours of investigative work," said CSLB Registrar Steve Sands. "Victims will now be able to regain some of their money, and CSLB will be able to watch this company closely so others aren't harmed."
If the terms of the settlement are violated, the defendants could face jail time.
The following companies are affiliated with the defendants and are included in the settlement:
• American Electric (CSLB #834398)
• American Home Repairs, Inc. (CSLB #834206)
• 59 Minute Service (CSLB #837697)
• Cal Repair Services, Inc., dba Pick Red Plumbing (CSLB #797241)
• Answering Resources, Inc., dba Thrifty Electric (CSLB #723375)
• Orbell Enterprises, Inc., dba Plumbing One (CSLB #713006)
• USA Services, Inc. (CSLB #775863)
• Love My Home, Inc. (CSLB #811361)
• Electric Avenue, formerly A Plus Electric Company (CSLB #569322)
• American Electric 911 Fast Inc. (CSLB #826916)
• Pro Electric Co. (CSLB #670171)
• RG Electric (CSLB #516892)
• Pacific West Heating & Air Conditioning (CSLB #604150)
If you think you have been the victim of fraud by this company and its affiliates, please contact the Contractors State License Board at 1-800-321-CSLB (2752) and press 7.
The original complaint and settlement terms are attached.


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The Indonesian First Lady and National AIDS Ambassador, H.E. Hj Ani Bambang Yudhoyono will co-host an AIDS Ambassadors' Meeting during the 9th ICAAP, together with the Australian AIDS Ambassador, H. E. Murray Proctor. The AIDS Ambassadors' Meeting will address the role of AIDS Ambassadors in the Asia and Pacific region and how they can be mobilized for greater action and accountability for the response.
AIDS Ambassador Meeting Programme will be available soon.


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Hi There,
For the Up coming exhibition in the TotalKunst Gallery (28th march-3 april),
there is a Call for Art !
So if you made Artwork in some Forestworkshop, submission welcom !
ps. Deadline 27the march
The Team
Call for the Art
Forest is people. People is you. You is us.
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Some cleanliness.But then, I live in Canada.
Sam is basically right, he's just cranky.
Better to live like there was a God, then die and find out there isn't than to live like there wasn't a God then die and find out there is.
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