text:
weight loss
Would you be interested in helping your guys get lean and ripped while making very good money in the process?
If so, I have a new weight loss offer for men you're going to be interested in…
Product name: Metabolic Amplification System
Product description: MAS is a nutrition & training program that helps 20-40-year-old men get lean without sacrificing muscle mass, slaving on a treadmill, spending hours in the gym or starving themselves with boring foods.
Product price: $14
The average conversion rate on the front-end is 6 %.
MAS comes with 3 high-converting upsells of $17, $13 and $15.
The upsells have a 30% average take rate and increase front-end revenue by 105%.
- Affiliate commission: 90% on the front-end and all 3 upsells. 100% if you can send 2000 hops or more to the offer.
This puts your NET profit per customer at $48-53, the average order value so far being $24.
The average EPC (NET) on the entire funnel is $1.4.
- Download your affiliate media kit below (pdf):
In there you'll find everything you need to promote the offer (links, swipes, access to the downloadables, etc.) as well as my contact info to set up a customized promo for YOU.
My mission is to put Metabolic Amplification System in the hands of 25 000 men by 2020, and I would love YOU to make BIG money while you take part in this mission.
I look forward to hearing from you and crushing this together
Oualid Zaim
Hempgenix is the worlds largest CBD Company offering 15%-25% commission sales. Start at 15% and start earning from average sales of $100.00
Are you aware that HCG diet and related keywords get over 20 million Google searches per month. The demand is there and now you can retail the best product available – HCG 2.0. Other products include Raspberry Ketones, called a weight loss by Dr. Oz, and Garcinia Cambogia. If you don't have a revenue stream for weight loss, you're leaving a lot of money on the table.
Hercules Formula offer 75% commission to affiliates for promoting their muscle building program for men. They also offer cutting edge affiliate tools, high sales page conversions, a mobile friendly website, and up to $1000 in performance related bonuses.
All of our commissions are percentage-based so that you can enjoy the benefits of promoting. With over 600 items on our online store and more being added every month, we really do have something for everyone.
The average sale on our site is $45. We also offer promotions throughout the year.
We pay commissions on a regular basis, but not until an account has reached $50.
Advertise http://www.vitamonster.co with a link, banner, or ad on your blog or website, or promote us in an article on your site. Use your special affiliate link to track all sales that happen as a result of your promotion! Commissions start at 10% with top affiliates earning up to 15%. You will receive credit for all sales that generate from your link within 30 days, even if the visitor navigates to our page directly (as long as they haven't deleted their cookies)
Once you submit your application, you will be emailed with the email address provided about various details including your website url, analytics, etc. Once reviewed by our staff, you will hear back from us in 5-10 business days.
Adcombo is an affiliate network, a world leader in telemarketing! We have wide range of high converting DIET, SKIN, ADULT offers from different countries!
MX,RO,BG,IT,GR,HU,UK,DE, and more!
Doesn't mater you are newbie or super affiliate you are more then welcome to join our community off 5000+ successful affiliates who are already making money with us!
The lose fat get fit program is about home fitness programs to lose fat and get fit!
Earn 75% commissions, with average conversion of 5%.
A lot of affiliates tools are available: articles, banners, mails, ebook, turnkey website, PPC keywords, tweets and videos.
Become an affiliate for the most revolutionary new weight loss program available – Pound-A-Day Rapid Weight Loss. It's safe, easy-to-use and best of all … IT WORKS !
PADRW is scientifically developed and doctor-endorsed. You'll earn generous commissions of 40% on each sale, PLUS 40% on upsells AND there is residual income with our auto-delivery option program. Most affiliates are earning more than $50 per sale right now!
The Truth About Baby Weight Is a brand new Ebook that is currently converting high (around 56%).
The Phrase 'How To Really Lose Baby Weight' Is searched over 400,000 times/day.
Green coffee bean is a safe and effective way to lose weight. Along with that comes a warning – you must choose the right supplement in order to get the results you want. It is more important than ever that you choose the one that's the real thing – one that contains the same extract used in the proven clinical studies that has the highest concentration of Chlorogenic Acid available and provides the recommended dosage for maximum weight loss, which is 1050 mg.
Affiliates earn $32 commission on sales.
After recently being featured on Dr Oz, Garcinia Cambogia is the hottest weight loss supplement on the market due to its appetite-surpressing properties. It is an all natural herbal extract which is specially extracted from the fruit, our premium product has a potent 60% HCA (Hydroxycitric Acid) and is 1600mg.
Affiliates earn 20% commission on sales.
The Belly Fat Formula is an easy 14 day step by step guide to lasting belly fat loss.
Affiliates earn 75% commission on sales. Affiliate program managed via ClickBank. We proide a range of affiliate tools.
7DayFitness helps busy men and women over the age of 40, who want to get lean without killing their knees, back or joints. We give clients access to certified trainers and nutritionist real time and provide them with 7 minute online step by step bootcamps. It is a very social and interactive community where the clients motivate each other using our unique motivator buddy system.
Affiliates earn 75% commission on sales.
ImmuneTree is a manufacturer of high quality colostrum based health supplements for weight loss, anti aging, muscle mass building and more.
Affiliates earn residual commission of 25% on all sales for the lifetime of the referral.
Nu Image Medical has been marketing tele-medicine programs for almost a decade. Telemedicine is the practice of treating individuals over the Internet via phone and/or video consultation with patients. Our medical HCG Diet program has helped over 30,000 people nationwide lose massive amounts of weight, up to 65 lbs in 43 days proven by our own patients.
Affiliates earn 15% commission on sales.
HCG Diet Clinic is at the forefront of cutting edge TeleMedicine, offering the entire HCG Diet to clients who want a great price, as well as great support from our medical support team. Clients are provided with a prescription, and loyalty to our business is astounding. Most clients come back to order over and over again. Also, refunds are extremely rare.
Affiliates earn 20% commission on sales.
HCG Drops remain one of the highest searched for diet terms online. All of our products come from a FDA registered lab and satisfaction is guaranteed.
Affiliates earn 55% per sale, with an average purchase of $100.
At Your HCG, we sell homeopathic HCG drops, complete HCG diet plans, whey protein shakes, HCG diet recipe books, and other supplemental products. We've helped over 250,000 people lose weight, have over 85,000 Facebook fans, and 45,000 Twitter followers.
Affiliates earn 15% commission on sales.
GCBMAX is a proven green coffee bean extract diet pill that helps to speed up the metabolism, balances blood sugar levels and can double weight loss results. This popular weight loss discovery has received praise by celebrities around the world and comes with a 60 day satisfaction guarantee.
GCBMAX will fit nicely on any weight loss /diet pill site and affiliates earn a residual 40% commission on sales.
Ephedrix is a fast and effective fat burner that helps to speed up the metabolism, burns fat from all areas and reduces your daily appetite. Ephedrix consist of high quality pharmacological ingredients. It will fit on any weight loss / diet pill site and comes with a 60 day money back guarantee.
Earn a residual 40% commission on sales.
Adiphene is a multi-function diet pill from the RDK Pharm, who also produce the popular Phen375. Adiphene contains 12 ingredients and is designed as a fat metabolizer, fat binder, appetite suppressant, thermogenic booster and stimulant to aid weight loss. It will fit on any weight loss / diet pill site and comes with a money back guarantee.
Affiliates earn a residual 30%- 50% commission on sales.
Kou Tea is a slimming tea combining 4 different types of tea; green tea extract, pu-erh tea, oolong tea and white tea. Studies have shown these teas to have different benefits, which may aid weight loss.
Kou Tea is a great natural weight loss solution, and will fit on a wide range of sites. It ships worldwide from the US.
Affiliates promoting Kou Tea will earn residual commission of 30%-r0% commission on sales.. A range of resources and dedicated affiliate manager are there to help.
Tea-Tone Plus is a diet pill combining 3 weight loss teas with Razberi-K a trademarked ketone extract, making it a powerfully updated version of normal green tea pills. It is manufactured in an FDA registered lab by RDK, who produce a range of nutraceutical products.
Tea-Tone Plus will fit on any site which features diet pills, but is also an added boost for tea drinkers or an alternative for those who don't like the taste of green tea.
Affiliates earn residual commission of 30%-40% on sales.
Leap Fitness offers the Hot Hollywood Body, revealing Christy Hansen's A-List Celebrity certified body transformation secrets.
Affiliates earn 75% commission on sales.
Briland Brands offers PaleoTrim. an all-natural weight loss supplement. PaleoTrim is made from all natural ingredients in a cGMP certified lab in the United States of America. When taken as directed, PaleoTrim is a safe dietary supplement. As with any dietary supplement, it is recommended that you check with your physician or other healthcare professional to make sure it is safe for you.
Affiliates earn 30% commission on sales.
DAMY provides the best health, weight loss and body transformation programs available. We stand out even more due to our unparalleled support. We provide our clients with a program suited to their goals, full members-only access to our private site and 24/7 coaching with Amy Layne.
Affiliates earn 40% on sales. We do all the coaching after that. The DAMY brand is very positive, focusing on improving every aspect of our clients' lives.
My Weight Loss Rx is a revolutionary new weight loss program that provides results. For a low monthly fee, clients of My Weight Loss Rx receive their own private coach that provides them personalized support and customized meal and workout plans each week. Clients also receive access to our members only site that includes workout videos, recipes, additional meal plans and menu planners, and much more.
Affiliates earn $40 per sale.
FatFaceFormula.com offers Pretty Perfect: A Guide To Understanding & Achieving A Slim Face And The Most Beautiful You! You can now have a slim and beautiful face that you can flaunt and be happy with for the rest of your life. This product is packed with all the information you need to know on how to get that beautiful and slim face you've always wanted.
Affiliates earn 75% commission on sales.
Metabolism Masterclass is an excellent holistic and natural health program designed for effective weight loss, incorporating the principles of diet, exercise and lifestyle choices. If you're looking to lose weight and tone up then My Metabolism MasterClass is the last program you will ever need.
Affiliates earn 50% commission on sales.
Must attend private sessions for conscious souls who are looking for weight loss the easy way.
Affiliates earn 50% ($1000) commission on sales.


text:
Looking to hit with someone in the St. Paul area. Please let me know if you are interested.
Views: 215
Replies to This Discussion
Hey Michael,
I can hit with you. Are you willing to drive to minneapolis or richfield?
I'm down in Burnsville
yep I can come out that way. What time are you thinking? The court have lights?
The courts that have lights that are closest to you that I know is Macalester College, and there are some in Bloomington.
I have time to hit in the mornings actually. Can you hit Friday mornings? sometimes I can hit at Thursday evening too. I'll let you know if I can hit this up coming Thursday evening. Let me know if you can hit Friday mornings.
I can do Thursday evenings. Friday mornings will be hard.
This Friday I can hit in the morning. Let me know....
I can't hit Friday morning anymore. Sorry, gotta bring my momma to hospital. Wanna hit today? I can most likely to hit tomorrow evening too.
I can hit tonight. I'm available. Sorry to hear about your mother.
Thanks....Where do you live? I can try to find a court on map in between us.
St. Paul.
© 2019 Created by Mark / The Mayor. Powered by

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Unverferth Zone Builder 120 shatters hardpan 26 in. deep while creating minimal surface soil disturbance. Spring-cushioned reset shanks give 20 in. of vertical tip travel with a constant 5,040 lbs. of point load throughout the trip cycle. A heavy-duty, 6-in. coil spring with a 4- x 6-in. pull arm keeps the shank stable, even in extremely tight soils. Zone Builder models are available in 2- to 12-shank configurations. The new 6-shank 120 model sells for $10,075. A 2-shank model is $4,020.
For more information, contact Unverferth Mfg. Co. Inc., Dept. FIN, Box 357, Kalida, OH 45853, 800/322-6301, or visit www.unverferth.com.


text:
For this method, the tool sux (http://fgouget.free.fr/sux/sux-readme.shtml) is required. sux is available on most distributions. Otherwise you could rely on the normal shell without sux method below. sux allows you to change to another user with an implicit managing of the X forwarding details (authentication and DISPLAY exporting) in a clean and simple way.To login, type
sux - kde-devel
|If you get errors about missing mimetypes or such, try running the following:
unset XDG_DATA_DIRS ; kbuildsycoca4
The simplest method to launch KDE 4 applications is using su to login as the kde-devel user and then simply start any KDE 4 application from command line. To login, type
su - kde-devel
and then, after entering your password
export DISPLAY=:0
|Exporting the DISPLAY variable is necessary so that the KDE 4 applications appear on your normal KDE 3 desktop.
|If you get errors about missing mimetypes or such, try the following:
|If you get an error about not being able to connect to an X server, be sure to issue
sudo xhost +local:kde-devel
as your regular KDE 3 user to ensure that the application can connect to your current X session.
Although your X server should accept incoming TCP connections, this is often switched off as a distribution default (like with Kubuntu Feisty). When using kdm you must edit /etc/kde3/kdm/kdmrc as root and make sure it does not contain:
ServerArgsLocal=-nolisten tcp
Once you have fixed this, you will need to restart your X server. The xhost command should no longer return an "unable to open display" error.
For convenience, you should put this in the Autostart of your regular user. To do this, create a new file in the $HOME/.kde/Autostart directory of your regular user with the following content:
#! /bin/sh
xhost +local:kde-devel
Make sure that the new file is executable by using chmod +x on it.If you'd like to find out more about the security issues involved with using xhost, see this article
The simplest way to run a KDE 4 application with SSH in your current desktop environment is to get an X-aware shell prompt as the kde-devel user like this:
ssh -X kde-devel@localhost
Now you can launch KDE apps as usual, for example:
The two lines can be conveniently combined:
ssh -X kde-devel@localhost kwrite
|If this gives you any errors, try the troubleshooting tips from the section above. If you receive something like "kwrite: cannot connect to X server", open /etc/ssh/sshd_config and enable the "X11Forwarding" key. Restart sshd and it should work fine.
Before anything serious can be done using this method, a passwordless login needs to be set up. To start, run the following command as the regular desktop user:
ssh-keygen -t rsa
Hit enter three times to accept the path of ~/.ssh/id_rsa and an empty passphrase. Now, copy the single line in ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub that's printed after running this command:
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
After that line is copied, ssh back into the kde-devel user and put the copied line in the file $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys:
ssh -X kde-devel@localhost $HOME/kde/bin/kwrite \
Paste in the line, save the file, and quit KWrite.
Next make sure $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys has the correct permissions:
ssh kde-devel@localhost chmod og-xrw ~kde-devel/.ssh/authorized_keys
Now try running KWrite again with the same SSH command; you shouldn't have to enter a password anymore:
ssh -X kde-devel@localhost $HOME/kde/bin/kwrite
|Using a passwordless SSH login has certain security risks, so make sure you protect your ~/.ssh/id_rsa file by restricting access to it with
(although the file should have these permissions when it is created)
chmod og-xrw ~/.ssh/id_rsa
If you want to be able to launch apps more easily than running them with an SSH command from the command line, one way is to create .desktop files that ssh into the other account.
|This will only be useful if your desktop environment supports .desktop files, but at least KDE and GNOME do.
You can start with an existing .desktop file as a template (like one from your desktop) or you can make one from scratch. The main idea is to prefix the command being run with this string:
ssh -X kde-devel@localhost $HOME/kde/bin/
A simple .desktop file that runs KWrite would have the following contents:
[Desktop Entry]
Exec=ssh -X kde-devel@localhost /home/kde-devel/kde/bin/kwrite %U
GenericName=Text Editor
Name=KWrite (kde-devel)
|Apps launched using SSH like this don't trigger the correct launch responses, so you probably want to disable "launch feedback" for your .desktop files


text:
Wests Tigers v Sea Eagles preview
3 hours ago | Tim Costello
This is it - Sunday 30 September - Grand Final Day for the NRL, Under 20's and NSW Cup. Get the teamlists today as they're announced!
Make sure you stay tuned for LIVE match updates from midday Sunday!
All times listed are AEST
Tweet #NRL
Tweet #bringthenoise


text:
Note: The Google advertisement links below may advocate political positions that this site does not endorse.
University of Washington Polls
Back to 2010 Senatorial Polls Home - Polls Home
Ad: History Posters! - History of the Political Parties I
Election and History Posters from History Shots!
Note: click will open in new window if pop-ups allowed
© David Leip 2009 All Rights Reserved


text:
Sonesta ES Suites Dublin Columbus
Enjoy the suite life at our newly re-imagined Sonesta ES Suites Dublin hotel. Refreshingly different when it comes to Columbus hotels, you'll find plenty of warm wide-open spaces at our all-suite, residence-style hotel that's conveniently located within reach of the city.
What makes us different from other Columbus, Ohio hotels are the thoughtful amenities, unexpected added touches and our amazing staff. Enjoy one of our multiple bedroom suites with full kitchens and oversized baths. Perfect for when you want to spread out, gather with friends or enjoy downtime in your own cozy suite.
Come for a visit whether to work, rest or play and be sure to ask about discounts for business travelers and extended-stays. We look forward to surprising you.
Our re-imagined space is filled with personal touches and personable staff, offering all the things you'd expect from Columbus hotels and more. From the many multi-functional and wide-open spaces to the daily free daily breakfast and comfy, over-sized suites, there's so much to enjoy.
We want your stay to be as comfortable as can be, less like a hotel and more like a B&B. Among the advantages to a family stay in our multiple bedroom suites is the full kitchen for family dinners and living rooms to relax and sit back. As well as the spacious, warm communal spaces to interact and gather with friends and family.
Our hotel would love to have you come for a stay and have the deals to prove it. We offer many discounts for long-term guests, business travelers, AAA members, senior citizens and guests who are visiting Ohio Health or Ohio State University. Contact us for more details.
Member rate from $99 per night


text:
New: Shakespeare and Australia in Chains, plus Sarah Cahill, at the Berkeley Arts Festival, Friday-February 8, 8 pm
Shakespeare scholar Philippa Kelly, author of The King and I and a descendant of convicts shipped from England to Australia in chains, will discuss Across the Atlantic, Across the Pacific: Conversations About Diaspora, exploring the sense of loss and shame in the cultures of both colonial and Aboriginal Australians. She looks at how the theater, and especially the themes of King Lear, can help us understand and express racial blindness in the context of national histories of loss. Sharing the evening, Sarah Cahill performs Four Preludes by Andrew Lovett, currently visiting composer at Stanford. -more-


text:
The 2012-2013 TV season is officially over as of midnight Wednesday, but don't look for any clear-cut answer among the final numbers as to what show is No. 1 on prime-time network television this year.
CBS has been relentlessly claiming for months that its drama "NCIS" is the "#1 show" on television. Ads making the claim were still running Wednesday on trade publications' websites.
But, according to Nielsen's final data, it looks like NBC's "Sunday Night Football" actually holds that title.
Or does it?
Here's what NBC is claiming in a release today:
Sunday Night Football on NBC finished this television season as the No. 1 show in primetime (Viewers 2+ and all key adult and male demos), based on Nielsen combo data and all 19 SNF telecasts. This marks the second straight television season, and the only two times on record, that a sports series has been the most-watched show of the primetime TV season.
For the 2012-2013 primetime television season, Sunday Night Football ranks as the most-watched show (21.5 million, viewers 2+), and the No. 1 program across the key demographics of Adults 18-49, 18-34, 25-54 as well as Men 18-49, 18-34 and 25-54.
The 21.5 million average viewers for Sunday Night Football (all 19 telecasts) tops second place NCIS (21.3 million);
Does it matter who has the No. 1 show, especially when the news has been relentlessly bad for all broadcast networks this year?
Maybe not, except the airwaves are saturated with stations and networks claiming to be the "most watched" this or "the number one" that. And the claims are sometimes hype and lies.
CBS will probably skin back its claim on "NCIS" this week, because it has bigger news to trumpet, namely that it was No. 1 overall in prime time.
I tried to report this story in January after a season of CBS making the number-one claim for "NCIS" endlessly in promotional spots during football games.
Here's what I found after talking to Nielsen and both parties: It's a matter of metrics and how you count.
CBS was counting only 15 of the 19 prime-time games NBC telecast. CBS did that based on the claim that only games airing once the full prime-time entertainment season started in late September could be counted -- not those earlier in September.
NBC says Nielsen told it all 19 games count.
CBS was also using the audience measured for what is called "same plus seven" viewing, meaning the audience that watches the show when it airs plus those viewers who record and watch "NCIS" in replay during the week.
"NCIS" does well with time shifters, but no live sporting event is going to get much time-shift viewing.
There are larger stories embedded in this flap.
There's the big one involving landmark change in the way consumers use TV and the industry's inability to keep up. Which audience counts the most -- and how do you measure it anyway? Nielsen is running as fast as it can -- and getting more and more criticism from clients.
And if everyone on TV is taking advantage of the confusion to claim that it's No. 1, why believe anyone on TV about anything?
Maybe this is a case of two dying dinosaurs flapping their toothless gums at each other as they stagger off to the boneyard.
But, personally, I would like a little less ambiguity and wiggle room in the claims media make.
Our entire culture needs more clarity and truth. Instead, media give us false confusion, hype and promotional messages filled with them 24/7.


text:
Usamos cookies propias y de terceros para mejorar la navegación y mostrar publicidad personalizada según su navegación. Si continua navegando consideramos que acepta nuestra
política de cookies
Register your Blog
( What is this? )
More views Today
Travel TV
I xxx I xxx I xxx I xxx I
Register your Blog
10 Genius Camping Hacks & Tips Every Camper Should Know
travels News
Add to Flipboard Magazine.
Fuente: ordinarytraveler -
View all news from this site
10 Genius Camping Hacks & Tips Every Camper Should Know
Camping: it can be just as complicated and dirty as it is exciting and eye-opening. For every magical campfire there?s one realization that you forgot the matches! Even after countless trips, we always seem to forget at least one important item on our camping trips.
The Moonlight App helps campers keep things simple by offering tips, tricks, recipes, games, checklists and more. This app has been a life-saver for us — especially when it comes to packing and coming up with new and interesting meals. It?s available in two different formats: a free version and a premium version for only $5.99 per year.
The free version gives you full access to the app and the paid version allows users the ability to add activities and meals to the planner, share checklists with other paid users, assign items, and export action items through email. You can also easily import Reserve America Reservations! The folks at Moonlight App asked us to share a few of our top camping hacks and we've added some tips we've learned from using the app as well.
10 Camping Tips & Hacks Every Camper Should Know
1. Make your own pillow with a pillowcase & clothes.
Space is always a problem when camping. Instead of packing an extra pillow, turn your clothes and a pillowcase into a pillow instead! The pillowcase makes a great replacement for an extra bag as well.
2. Make your own lantern with a headlamp.
Whether you need an extra nighttime lantern or just don?t feel l...
See the full story in the original source
articulo visto
veces, esta semana
Fuente de la noticia:
Fecha de publicación: 30-05-2016 18:00
visto: 353
Si te gusto esta noticia puede que te interesen estas..
Recommended Video section of our travel videos -
Watch More Videos in travel videos
Maldivian Bombardier Dash 8 Q300: transfer from the Park Hyatt resort to Male airport
Go TO TV travel videos
Si te gusto esta noticia puede que te interesen estas..
How to Visit Kotor, Montenegro
Travel is more accessible than ever and it sometimes feel impossible to stumble upon a hidden gem like Kotor. The old town of Kotor in Montenegro is j ...
17-06-2019 18:22
Checking In to the Chedi Lustica Bay
The Chedi Lustica Bay Throughout my two weeks in Montenegro I became quite familiar with the southwest coast. After spending a week in Porto Montenegr ...
17-06-2019 18:22
Wyoming's Red Reflet Ranch Offers Luxurious Choose-You
âGood surprisesâ are what await at Red Reflet Ranch, according to owner Bob Kaplan. A Bighorn Basin ranch in Ten Sleep, Wyoming, Red Reflet is a p ...
17-06-2019 18:21
Guide to Wimbledon: Top Tips For Enjoying London?s Historic
Nothing beats the excitement and energy of Wimbledon. Even if you?re not planning on attending the Grand Slam tennis tournament, visiting London duri ...
17-06-2019 18:20
Exploring NZ with a guide ? 5 ways to enhance your holiday
New Zealand is a land of such astounding beauty; one never has to drive too far to feast your eyes on something breath-taking and amazing. The contras ...
17-06-2019 18:19
Packing Tips Every Traveler Needs To Know – How to Pac
There is an art to efficiently packing a suitcase. Personally, after years of travel wins and mishaps, Iâve nailed down a routine and have discovere ...
17-06-2019 17:51
Do I Really Need Travel Medical Insurance"
Do I really need travel insurance" That is a question we often get from people before they travel. We\'ve had so many people tell us over the years th ...
17-06-2019 17:51
Dalaman Turkey Holidays – Hillside Beach Club
When it comes to picking your dream Dalaman Turkey holidays Fethiye and Hillside Beach Club will leave you in awe. This is my third time to Dalama ...
16-06-2019 18:19
Hiking the Nakasendo Trail and staying at a Japanese ryokan
We had been planning our once-in-a-lifetime adventure for nearly a year; 10 months travel around the world visiting 15 countries to explore the histor ...
16-06-2019 18:19
10 of the world?s best luxury hotels
From luxury lodges in the middle of the Serengeti to private-pool beachfront villas, the world is jam-packed full of truly remarkable hotels. And, whe ...
16-06-2019 18:19
16 Best Things To Do In Penang Island, Malaysia
Former Penang resident, Sharon Gourlay, shares the best things to do in Penang, Malaysia. Looking for a place to visit with tropical weather, beaches ...
16-06-2019 17:50
My ultimate baby and toddler holiday packing list
*This baby holiday packing list has been created in collaboration with The Gro Company. Â I?m not going to lie, it took me a long time to get the han ...
15-06-2019 18:24
Air Canada Boeing 787 Dreamliner Business Class from Brussel
Join me on this Business Class flight onboard an Air Canada Boeing 787 Dreamliner from Brussels to Montreal. I will publish a review of this flight t ...
15-06-2019 18:23
Beyond the headlines: the hidden treasures of the Middle Eas
What we often hear of the Middle East isn?t always positive, which is a shame as there is so much waiting to be discovered in this halal friendly part ...
15-06-2019 18:22
Finding the perfect hidden cocktail bar in Paris
While craft cocktails and speakeasy-style cocktail bars are a big part of American drinking culture, the phenomenon hasn?t quite taken over Europe yet ...
15-06-2019 18:22
5 of the best ancient archeological sites to visit on a priv
Amidst the white cubic houses with cobalt blue trim, the blue domed white churches, the white trimmed stepped walking streets, the arid beautiful terr ...
15-06-2019 18:22
The Perks of Solo Travel
Why Solo Travel is good for you Solo travel is widely under rated and maybe not even something you?ve ever considered as a possibility for yourself. I ...
14-06-2019 18:21
5 hidden treasure boutique hotels of India
Go beyond the puppet shows and thali feasts of India?s tourist palaces seeking out another gentler and creative India with some of our favourite famil ...
14-06-2019 18:19
Top 5 best first class experiences in the sky
While most of us love to travel far away, we also dread the thought about sitting in a long metal tube (no, not the one that is riding underground in ...
14-06-2019 18:19
8 unmissable holiday experiences in Cornwall
Conjure up an image of Cornwall and you?re guaranteed to think of the glorious beaches perfect for picnics, bathing in the warmth of the sunshine and ...
14-06-2019 18:19
Banana Rum Coffee Cake
This banana rum coffee cake with coconut crumble is kinda like banana bread and rum cake blended into one delicious dessert. But since itâs coffee c ...
14-06-2019 17:51
The Best Luxury Hotels in Tasmania
Tasmania has quickly become the most desirable destination in Australia and once you have stepped foot on this island you will soon see why. Some of t ...
13-06-2019 18:21
Seetroen Glasses Review: Can these glasses cure travel sickn
When I was contacted and asked if I?d like to review some special new glasses from Citroen which claim to stop travel sickness, I was very excited. I ...
13-06-2019 18:21
Top 5 ski resorts in the Alps
There are more ski resorts in the Alps than you could shake a stick at. It would probably take a lifetime to visit them all. If you?re a regular visit ...
13-06-2019 18:19
Luxury hotels and vegan food in Singapore
Singapore is a destination with an impeccable list of the finest hotels, and a myriad of dining options that truly offer something for everyone. It is ...
13-06-2019 18:19
The best luxury wildlife lodges in Latin America
Latin America?s abundant nature and fascinating wildlife is one of the continent?s most alluring attractions. From the marine life of Belize and the G ...
13-06-2019 18:19
Exploring the Isle of Skye and the Highlands with Heart of S
No visit to Scotland can be complete without a few days in the Highlands. A place of rare beauty, the Scottish Highlands are famous as the home of Loc ...
13-06-2019 18:19
Checking In to Palazzo Radomiri
Checking In to Palazzo Radomiri Tucked neatly away on the shores of the Bay of Kotor lies Palazzo Radomiri, one of the oldest villa style hotels in th ...
12-06-2019 18:27
How to Choose a Riad in Marrakech
When it comes to seeking out accommodation in Morocco, one option will show up in nearly every city: the riad. Read a handful of riad reviews, and you ...
12-06-2019 18:25
Photograph of the week: Church of the Blessed Virgin of the
Where the rocks end and the Levante beach begins, on a cliff wedged into the Adriatic sea, you will find the Church of the Blessed Virgin of the Angel ...
12-06-2019 18:25
How to Visit Perast, Montenegro
If I could name just one location in Montenegro my favourite it would be the idyllic small fishing village of Perast. Located just 20 minutes by car f ...
11-06-2019 18:23
A Makeover and New Spa Menu at The Peninsula Beverly Hills
The Peninsula Beverly Hills has finished a complete renovation of its 4,600 square foot award-winning spa, along with unveiling of new treatments excl ...
11-06-2019 18:22
Skiing in Japan: the ultimate guide to Hakuba's top 7
In a rapidly evolving Japanese ski town with 10 resorts to choose from it can be hard to know where to start when it comes to selecting the right moun ...
11-06-2019 18:20
Discover the Galapagos by catamaran
An archipelago some 1,000km west of the South American continent, the Galápagos Islands are the land that time forgot. Its unique landscape and fantas ...
11-06-2019 18:20
Why you should go to Turkey this Autumn
Turkey is re-emerging as a fantastic holiday destination and offers a taste of everything from the cultural treasures of Istanbul to the landscapes of ...
11-06-2019 18:20
Top 10 honeymoon experiences in Africa
Africa offers endless opportunities for romance, making it an ideal destination for honeymooners. Imagine waking up to the roar of lion, enjoying a pr ...
11-06-2019 18:20
The Isle of Wight: 7 reasons to sail across
The short voyage across the Solent, sometimes as little as 22 minutes, makes a visit to the Isle of Wight an adventure. Not only are crossings fast, t ...
11-06-2019 18:20
The 12 Places in Morocco you Cannot Miss
Atlas Mountains Stretching some 2,500 kilometres across Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, the Atlas Mountains have long been home to some of North Africa ...
10-06-2019 18:23
Your Complete Guide to Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina
When you arrive at the Mostar bus or train station you might be surprisingly underwhelmed and forgiven for thinking the beauty of this small city in t ...
10-06-2019 18:23
Pursuitist Q&A: Chatting Steak, Restaurants, and Home C
Pursuitist was lucky enough to snag James Beard Award-winning chef Michael Mina, owner of restaurants like BOURBON Steak, Michael Mina, PABU and Strip ...
10-06-2019 18:23
The 5 Best Outdoor Activities in Greece
They say the light in Greece is unique, and itâs certainly much loved by painters, artists and photographers. To help us get outside and appreciate ...
10-06-2019 18:22
Wild London: Where To Find Wildlife In London
London is not only home to over eight million human residents, but also a wild population of animals. Talk about an urban jungle! London?s many green ...
10-06-2019 18:22
Top 5 dive sites in Galapagos for adventure seekers
The Galapagos Islands have many attractions, but many of them are underwater. People from all over the world come to the Galapagos exclusively to dive ...
10-06-2019 18:21
South Pacific Cruise Packing List (Must-Have Essentials!)
This South Pacific cruise packing list covers all of the essentials you absolutely need for both shore excursions and activities on the ship! Packing ...
10-06-2019 17:52
The Chedi Andermatt (Swiss Alps): EXCEPTIONAL 5-star hotel
Join me on a full tour of The Chedi Andermatt, one of Europe\'s most exclusive ski hotels. Get free VIP perks at this hotel via Virtuoso: ...
08-06-2019 18:24
Top 10 benefits of travelling by private jet
When people think about private jet travel, the first word that comes to mind is luxury and whilst private jet travel is luxurious, the real advantage ...
08-06-2019 18:23
7 places where you eat best in Spain
From Seville to San Sebastian making stops in Cáceres, Madrid or Segovia, these are the 7 best places to eat in Spain. The modern traveler chooses mor ...
08-06-2019 18:23
I want to… discover my perfect holiday destination
Seeking travel inspiration can often be daunting and is dependent upon countless factors. Focusing on the absolute basics of what you really do want t ...
08-06-2019 18:23
21 Things to Do in Christchurch – The New, Old and Fun
Local resident and travel writer Martina Grossi shares the best things to do in Christchurch. It has come a long way since the earthquakes of 2011. Th ...
08-06-2019 17:54
10 Best Places in Montenegro you must visit
Montenegro is a country I have been dying to visit but have always put to the side in favour of other more talked about destinations such as Croatia i ...
07-06-2019 18:22
A day trip to the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro
07-06-2019 18:21
No More Vlogging (not clickbait)
Time for a Change. No more vlog style videos Follow LTA Facebook // Instagram // ...
07-06-2019 18:21
How to Visit Blagaj Tekija: Bosnia's Monastery Built i
In a world where travel is more accessible and affordable than ever, most of us are packing our bags a few times a year to travel the world and discov ...
06-06-2019 18:22
A Baby Free Night at The Grand, York
Theo has been home with us for over three months now, and during this time we?ve had plenty of milestones (both on his part and mine). Theo?s mileston ...
06-06-2019 18:22
What's Your Favourite Thing to Do In Paris"
06-06-2019 18:22
10 reasons to stay in Herceg Novi during your Montenegro hol
I?ve just returned from an incredible 5 day holiday to Montenegro and, as you probably already know, I totally fell in love with this gorgeously under ...
06-06-2019 18:22
Four Seasons Hotel Philadelphia at Comcast Center Opens Augu
Four Seasons Hotel Philadelphia at Comcast Center is now accepting reservations for arrivals beginning August 12, 2019. The stunning new Four Seasons ...
06-06-2019 18:22
Where to play, stay and chill in Greater Palm Springs this S
Sunrise hikes, mornings at the pool, midday spa retreats, mister-cooled dining al fresco, and dive-in movies under the stars?summer has arrived in Gre ...
06-06-2019 18:20
How to Choose the Best Spiritual Retreat for You
Choosing the best spiritual retreat to attend is an incredibly personal decision. Here are the most popular types of retreats and what to expect at ea ...
06-06-2019 17:51
Travel Book Club: June Reads
WOW BOOK CLUB: JUNE Hello and welcome back! It has been a while since a good olâ fashioned book club blog post and an update on what Iâm reading o ...
05-06-2019 18:23
News most viewed this week
Would you like your blog and posts leave here?
Register your Blog
New york
Blogs most viewed last 7 days
a luxury travel blog
london perfect
More Blogs
News most viewed Today
5 Top-Rated NYC Roommate Shares
As we explored last week, shared apartments are increasingly becoming one of the most popular and forward-thinking ways of living in a big city, particularly... -
2 Days in Porto: The City in Portugal You Sho...
When I was planning my first trip to Portugal, I knew I wanted to focus on the country\'s two major cities: Lisbon and Porto. Lisbon is Portugal\'s capital and largest city; it\'s also definitely been âdiscoveredâ by mass tourism, and is a... -
Palais Amani, A Luxurious Boutique Hotel Insi...
The Rooms Once home to a wealthy merchant, Palais Amani was rebuilt in the 1930s. The art deco building offers 18 suites and bedrooms, with The Grand Suite the cherry on top of this beautiful cake. This magnificent room covers the entire 100 sq/m... -
The Original French Macaron
Before there were the bright colored Ladurée macarons (pronounced âma-ka-rohâ), or the coconut macaroon (pronounced âma-ka-roonâ), there was the original French macaron â thin sweet almond wafers made my nuns in 17th century France. Today,... -
Everything you need to know before you go to ...
If you?re travelling to Turkey, you need a visa ? or an e-visa, to be more precise. It?s a simple online process that takes no time at all to fill in on the Republic of Turkey?s e-visa website. What?s more, you can fill in the form up to... -
Episode 27: Kara On The Coast
During this episode, Rachelle chats with travel blogger and coastal life expert, Kara Franker with Kara On The Coast, about warm places to chill in 2016. They talk about everythign from from yacht parades, to where to eat in Miami, and the top... -
Hiking the Nakasendo Trail and staying at a J...
We had been planning our once-in-a-lifetime adventure for nearly a year; 10 months travel around the world visiting 15 countries to explore the history, landscape, wildlife, people and food of each destination across South America, Australasia, the... -
Top Honeymoon Destinations for Couples on a B...
With all of the costs that weddings incur, budgets donât always leave room for high-end honeymoons. But, with these picture-perfect beach destinations you can have all the luxury and none of the money stress! Â Best Budget Honeymoon... -
Fashion Rules Exhibition At Kensington Palace
Image courtesy of ©Historic Royal Palaces As one of the fashion capitals of the world, you don?t have to look far to find beautiful clothing in London. Seeing some of the most stunning and iconic fashions up close is often a rare event, which makes... -
More Blogs
Marzo 2019
Diciembre 2018
Noviembre 2018
Agosto 2018
Julio 2018
Junio 2018
Febrero 2018
Enero 2018
Diciembre 2017
Noviembre 2017
Octubre 2017
Septiembre 2017
Agosto 2017
Julio 2017
Junio 2017
Mayo 2017
Abril 2017
Marzo 2017
- English ------------------------------
Interior Design & Decoration
Food & Recipes
beauty & Cosmetics
Moms & Babies
Iphone & Android
Fashion & Style
--- Español ---------------------------------
Fashion & Blogs
Mac Android
[email protected]


text:
Barrett-Jackson announces highlights for upcoming 42nd annual Scottsdale auction
The World's Greatest Collector Car Auctions™ revs-up for impressive offerings at flagship event
SCOTTSDALE – Barrett-Jackson, The World's Greatest Collector Car Auctions™ is excited to announce the return of the company's flagship Scottsdale auction, taking place January 13-20, 2013 at WestWorld of Scottsdale. Hundreds of thousands of spectators and collectors from all around the world are expected to participate in the world-class automotive lifestyle event and witness over 1,000 Classics, Exotics, Muscle Cars, Hot Rods, Resto-Mods and Contemporary Collectibles as they cross the auction block at no reserve.
The 2013 auction marks the return of the company's impressive 5000 Series, which includes the Salon Collection and features approximately 50 of the world's most sought-after, unique and valuable automobiles. Ranging from elite prototypes, muscle cars to classics, these prestigious vehicles have been hand-selected to sell on Saturday, January 19 beginning at approximately 5 p.m. More information on these eclectic vehicles can be found at SalonCollection.com.
In addition to the Salon Collection, Barrett-Jackson will honor one of the world's greatest automotive icons, Carroll Shelby, by auctioning off nearly 30 Shelby automobiles at No Reserve. Ranging from a stellar 1965 GT350 (lot #5023) previously owned by Ford, to a 2012 GT500 50th Anniversary Super Snake (lot #1321) to the rarest Shelby Mustang in existence, "The Green Hornet," (lot #5022) collectors from all over the world are eagerly waiting for the chance to bid on these legendary vehicles.
Barrett-Jackson will also offer a variety of other vehicles that carry Hollywood history, including the 1966 Original #1 Batmobile (lot #5037) by renowned customizer George Barris, as well as Clark Gable's 1955 Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing Coupe (lot #5001) and a 1919 Pierce Arrow (lot #5028) built for the famous silent movie comedian Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle.
"Barrett-Jackson's Scottsdale auction is unlike any other automotive event in the world," said Craig Jackson, Chairman and CEO of Barrett-Jackson. "With the caliber of vehicles crossing our auction block this year, I believe this could be the greatest selection of cars ever sold at one auction in history. We're looking forward to watching the excitement unfold."
As part of the week-long festivities, the company will host a "Barrett-Jackson Night" at the Pavilions on January 12 from 4 to 7 p.m., in addition to the Barrett-Jackson's Opening Night Gala on Monday, January 14 at 7 p.m. Guests can enjoy cocktails, hors d'oeuvres, fashions by Neiman Marcus, live music and celebrity sightings, while preparing to watch world-class vehicles.
"We've put together a quality collection of some of the most unique and interesting vehicles for our upcoming Scottsdale auction," said Steve Davis, President of Barrett-Jackson. "We anticipate that the diverse offering is sure to bring excitement to every level of enthusiast."
SPEED will broadcast nearly 40 hours of live, high-definition TV coverage of the Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale auction from Tuesday - Sunday, January 15 - 20. Tuesday through Thursday the auction will be broadcasted from 5 to 10 p.m. MST, Friday and Saturday from 12 to 10 p.m. MST and Sunday 12 to 4 p.m. MST.
For more information, up-to-date news and to purchase tickets, please visit Barrett-Jackson.com and SalonCollection.com.
About The Barrett-Jackson Auction Company
Established in 1971 and headquartered in Scottsdale, Ariz., Barrett-Jackson specializes in providing products and services to classic and collector car owners, astute collectors and automotive enthusiasts around the world. The company produces "The World's Greatest Collector Car Auctions™" in Scottsdale, Ariz., Palm Beach, Fla., Las Vegas, Nev. and Orange County, Calif. Barrett-Jackson also endorses a one-of-a-kind collector car insurance offering for collector vehicles and other valued belongings. For more information about Barrett-Jackson, visit www.barrett-jackson.com.


text:
Services on Demand
Related links
- Cited by Google
- Similars in Google
Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering
On-line version ISSN 2309-8775
Print version ISSN 1021-2019
J. S. Afr. Inst. Civ. Eng. vol.56 n.1 Midrand Jan. 2014
Analysing delay and queue length using microscopic simulation for the unconventional intersection design Superstreet
H H Naghawi; W I A Idewu
With the increasing demand on today's roadway systems, intersections are beginning to fail at alarming rates prior to the end of their design periods. Therefore, maintaining safety and operational efficiency at intersections on arterial roadways remains a constant goal. This effort for sustainability has spawned the creation and evaluation of numerous types of unconventional intersection designs. Several unconventional designs exist and have been studied, including the Bowtie, Continuous Flow Intersection, Paired Intersection, Jughandle, Median U-Turn, Single Quadrant Roadway and Superstreet Median. Typically, these designs eliminate/reroute conflicting left-turn manoeuvres to and from the minor or collector cross road. High left-turning volumes are addressed by adding an exclusive left-turning signal. This consequently increases the required number of signal phases and shorter green time for the major through traffic. This paper describes the evaluation of an unconventional intersection designed to lessen the effects of high left-turning traffic. To aid in the evaluation of the unconventional Superstreet design, a comparison of a Conventional intersection's operation was made. Constructing and analysing a live Superstreet and Conventional intersection design is a massive undertaking. Microscopic traffic models were developed and tested using CORSIM. A variety of scenarios were created by changing the approach volumes and turning percentages on the major/minor roads to reflect different congestion levels that may occur at the intersection on any given day. The total number of created scenarios was 72, i.e. 36 scenarios for each design. Among the general findings of this research was that the Conventional design consistently showed evidence of higher delay time and longer queue length compared to the Superstreet intersection design. The reduction in the network delay ranged from 27.39% to 82.26%, and an approximate 97.5% reduction in average network queue length experienced on the major road's through lanes when the Superstreet design was implemented. This is a significant reduction, especially since the through lane volume of the major road is relatively high. These results are assumed to be due to the additional available green time for the Superstreet intersection design.
Keywords: superstreet, unconventional intersection design, microscopic simulation, CORSIM
On a typical four-leg intersection, one of two intersecting roads services the higher traffic volume. This roadway is referred to as the major or arterial road. The second roadway, which services the lower traffic volume, is referred to as the minor or collector road. When the volume on either road nears capacity, queues begin to form, raising the potential for crashes and unsafe driving manoeuvres. For this reason improving safety and operational efficiency at intersections on arterial roadways remains a constant goal. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA 2004) studies have shown that conventional methods of adding capacity to an intersection have diminishing results. For instance, the addition of a second through lane adds 15 years to the life of the intersection before it reaches capacity; the addition of a third through lane adds only ten years; and a fourth through lane adds only six years. Simply put, the increase in supply decreases the overall design life. Drivers attracted to the seemingly more efficient road eventually yield larger demand at a faster rate.
The demand increase at large intersections can result in longer clearance intervals, more protected left-turn phasing, longer pedestrian clearance times, greater imbalances in lane utilisation, and potential queue blockage caused by the resulting longer cycle length (FHWA 2004). Combined, these factors increase loss time and potential for signal failure, and warrant the need to study and evaluate alternative methods.
In an attempt to improve the operational efficiency and safety characteristics of intersections, past research has explored several types of unconventional intersection designs. Several unconventional designs exist and have been studied, including the Bowtie, Continuous Flow Intersection, Continuous Green-T, Parallel Flow Intersection, Paired Intersection, Jughandle, Median U-Turn, Single Quadrant Roadway, Split Intersection, Roundabouts and Superstreet Median Crossover. These designs are referred to as "unconventional" because they incorporate geometric features or movement restrictions that would normally be allowed at standard intersections. Typically, these designs eliminate/reroute conflicting left-turn manoeuvres to and from the minor or collector cross road. High left-turning volumes are often addressed by adding an exclusive left-turning signal. Unfortunately the addition of a left-turn signal increases the required number of signal phases and shortens green time for the major through traffic, thereby increasing queue formation. Reducing the number of signal phases would improve the overall operation and safety of the intersection by enhancing capacity (with an increase in effective green) and reducing delay when the number of signal phases is reduced (Bared and Kaisar 2002: Reid and Hummer 1999).
This paper describes the evaluation of an unconventional intersection design created to decrease the effects of high left-turning traffic. To aid in the evaluation of the unconventional design named Superstreet, a comparison to a Conventional intersection's operation was performed. Constructing a live Superstreet and Conventional intersection design for evaluation reasons is a massive undertaking and not feasible in many circumstances. For this reason the two intersection designs were modelled and simulated using the microscopic traffic simulation model CORSIM (CORridor SIMulation).
CORSIM is a combination of NETSIM and FRESIM. NETSIM, originally called UTCS-1, is a component of CORSIM that is capable of representing complex urban networks. Following distance, lane changing, turning movements, overtaking and driving behaviour are governed by this component of CORSIM. Many Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) are outputted by NETSIM, including stopped delays, queue lengths, signal phase failures, fuel consumption. FRESIM is another component of CORSIM that is capable of representing complex freeway systems. CORSIM is capable of simulating freeway and surface street operations simultaneously (Papacostas & Prevedouras 2001).
Traffic simulation modelling
Traffic micro-simulation models are widely used to qualify and evaluate the benefits and limitations of traffic operation alternatives. Boxill and Yu (2000) classify traffic simulation models as microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic. Models that simulate individual vehicles at small time intervals are termed as microscopic, while models that aggregate traffic flow are termed as macroscopic. Mesoscopic refers to models in-between microscopic and macroscopic. The main disadvantage of microscopic simulation models is the extensive data required and the need for advanced computer resources. Microscopic simulation has been used for a long time to simulate project scale cases such as intersection design. What is new about microscopic simulation is that it is now possible to be used at a regional scale, such as simulating hurricane evacuation for a whole region with several million inhabitants (Nagel & Rickert 2000). Table 1 illustrates the most commonly used simulation models found in literature.
Previous work
The FHWA (2004) informational guide for signalised intersections classifies intersection treatments into three kinds: (1) intersection reconfiguration, (2) indirect left-turn treatments, including Jughandle, Median U-Turn, Superstreet, Continuous Flow Intersection (CFI) and Quadrant intersections , and (3) grade separation treatments. Reid and Hummer (1999) used CORSIM to compare traffic operations along an arterial road that has five signalised intersections for the Conventional Two-Way Left-Turn Lane (TWLTL) design, and two alternative unconventional designs, the Median U-Turn Crossover design and the Superstreet Median Crossover design. Results from the study indicate that the Median U-Turn and Superstreet designs improve system travel time and average speed in comparison with the TWLTL design, and overall there was a peak period travel time reduction of 17% when using the unconventional Median U-Turn and Superstreet designs.
Reid and Hummer (2001) later used CORSIM to compare the traffic performance of seven isolated unconventional intersection designs - the Quadrant, Median U-Turn, Superstreet Median Crossover, Bowtie, Jughandle, Split Intersection, and Continuous Flow Intersection. The simulation results showed that the Superstreet and Bowtie designs were only competitive with the Conventional design when the cross streets configuration was two lanes.
Also, Kim et al (2007) used VISSIM to compare the performance of the Superstreet designs to the Conventional designs. The results showed that the Superstreet design is similar to the Median U-Turn design, but has some additional features that allow for through traffic progression on the major road in both directions by preventing the minor road traffic from crossing the major road.
Description of Superstreet
The Superstreet Median Crossover design, shown in Figure 1, is an extension of the Median U-Turn design. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA 2004) reports that "the design of a Superstreet Median Crossover is similar to that of a Median U-Turn Crossover. Crossovers should be located approximately 180 m (600 ft) from the main intersection. A semi-trailer combination design vehicle would need a median width of 18 m (60 ft) to accommodate a U-Turn".
Drivers are not allowed to turn left from the crossroad onto the major road. The through movement for the vehicles on the minor road is accomplished by turning right onto the major road, then making a u-turn, and turning right again to the minor road (FHWA 2004). Figure 2 shows the vehicular movement at a Superstreet Median Crossover. Research has shown that forcing cross street traffic to turn right onto an arterial first, and then turning left back onto the cross street, is generally superior to a left-turn then-right pattern as seen on the Quadrant Roadside Intersection Design. These crossovers create difficult merges from the left arterial, and may only be useful when the cross street volume is small in comparison to the arterial road volume (Mahalel et al 1986).
The Superstreet configuration allows each direction of the major street to operate as two separate three-approach intersections, and allows each direction of the major street to operate on an independent timing pattern. Therefore, two two-phase traffic signals are needed at the main intersection, one for each minor street approach. In addition, two two-phase signals are required at upstream/ downstream median crossover. Since the signals of the major road may be controlled and timed independently of the minor street, it is possible to achieve a maximum amount of traffic progression in both directions of the major road. The major road's through movement benefits the most from the Superstreet Median Crossover design. Left-turning movements are permitted directly from the major street, so they also benefit from decreased delay (FHWA 2004). A typical phasing diagram of the Superstreet Median Crossover design is also shown in Figure 1.
Conflict points provide a means of comparing relative safety for vehicles between the Conventional four-leg signalised intersection and the unconventional intersection. Superstreet Median Crossover creates a total of 20 conflict points compared to 32 conflict points created by the Conventional four-leg signalised intersection. Table 2 summarises the number of conflict points in a four-leg signalised intersection and the number of conflict points in a Superstreet intersection design. Hummer and Jagannathan (2008) investigated the safety aspects of the Superstreet by analysing sites in Maryland and North Carolina. Results showed huge reductions in collision frequencies and rates.
Superstreet, Continuous Flow Intersections (CFI), Center Turn Overpass, and Roundabouts are believed to achieve significant reductions in accident frequency, accident severity, stopped delay, and queue length (Kim et al 2007). Noted advantages of the Superstreet design in particular have been:
1. Reduces four-phase signal to two-phase signal
2. Signals for opposite direction of travel can be timed for progression independently
3. Pedestrian-friendly.
The simplified signal phases are very effective for the progression of through traffic and for reducing delays at the intersection, which will save the overall travel time. Although these advantages have been cited numerous times, the degree to which the Superstreet operation is more advantageous than a Conventional intersection is not well known. Furthermore, the minor street vehicle types, and the crossing and turning volumes vary by location, which makes evaluating and comparing these two intersection designs at a live and active intersection difficult.
The following sections describe the methods used, as well as the results of a comparison between a Superstreet intersection and a Conventional intersection using simulation. Delay and queue lengths were the primary measures of effectiveness used in the evaluation. Delay is arguably the most frequently experienced and troublesome aspect of travel for motorists, while the hazards associated with queue length are a constant concern for city and state traffic officials.
The proposed methodology for the operational evaluation and comparison between a Superstreet intersection and a traditional four-leg intersection was conducted using CORSIM platform. The two intersections used in the analysis were formed by two roadways, arterial and collector, crossing at a 90 degree angle. For simplicity, each leg of the intersection was considered to be level. The design of each leg was extended approximately 1 000 feet from the centre of the intersection. Each intersection was designed in accordance with the Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (AASHTO) standards for a passenger vehicle, and a design speed of 45 mph. Lane width was considered to be 12 ft and shoulder width was considered to be 4 ft (AASHTO 2004).
The design was completed using computer aided design (CAD) software, and then it was imported into traffic simulation software.
The development of the CORSIM microscopic model for the two intersection designs involved primary component steps, including the following:
1. Intersections design
2. Signalisation
3. Developing alternative scenarios
4. Analyses and comparison of all scenarios using appropriate measures.
Model calibration and validation are necessary and critical steps in any model application. However, the primary limitation to the CORSIM model development was the lack of real intersection data to support calibration and validation of the model. The following sections will discuss the details and approach to completing each step listed above.
Intersection design
The designs of the Conventional and unconventional intersections consisted of a four-lane divided major road and a three-lane undivided minor road. Only one four-phase signal was required for the Conventional CORSIM design network shown in Figure 3. However, a total of four two-phase signals had to be modelled on the Superstreet design. Two were placed at the main intersection and two more were placed at the u-turns. The Superstreet intersection was designed to match the configuration as shown in Figure 1. The final Superstreet CORSIM design model is shown in Figure 4. The circles with the embedded squares (nodes) represent the location of the signals. The additional nodes shown were used to assign turning volumes.
Traffic signal timing is one of the most important tasks in evaluating/comparing the two intersection designs. Since intersections are locations where traffic streams approaching from various directions converge, it is imperative that traffic signals are accurately timed to manage the traffic flow. The green time that each approach has is dependent upon many factors, with the two main factors being: cycle length and the phase plan. Intersections with large approach volumes and a high percentage of left-turning traffic usually require four phases - one phase for the north and south through traffic, one phase for the east and west through traffic, a phase for the north and south left-turning traffic, and a phase for the east and west left-turning traffic. The cycle length , which is the time taken for one approach to witness a red signal twice, is dependent upon the phase plan, volume, expected loss time for each phase, and pedestrian crossing time. Therefore, the optimum cycle length should be calculated for each case to eliminate as much loss time as possible.
Saturation flow is a key input for optimal signal timing. A small variation in saturation flow values could affect changes in cycle length, thereby affecting the efficiency and operations of an urban system. Many studies have identified suitable saturation flows at signalised intersections as being between 1 500 and 2 500 passenger cars per hour green per lane (pcphgpl). This variation in saturation flow is attributed to site-specific conditions (Williams & Kholslo 2006). The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2000) uses a base saturation flow of 1 900 pcphgpl and adjusts for factors such as number of lanes, lane width, grade, lane utilisation, etc.
In this study, a saturation flow of 1 800 vehicles per hour (vph) was used, since the percentage of existing trucks was not considered to be large enough to affect the base conditions.
The desired cycle length and timing were determined using the following equation (HCM 2000):
Cdes = Desired cycle length
L = Total lost time
Vc = Critical volume
PHF = Peak hour factor
v/c= Volume to Capacity ratio
Although appropriate for most applications, the formula mentioned above fails when the intersection critical (v/c) ratio is equal to or greater than one, and the cycle length estimate becomes unreasonably large or yields a negative number. When cases such as these arose, a cycle length of 120 seconds was used. Furthermore, 120 seconds is a common cycle length for intersections with very high approach volumes.
Developing alternative scenarios
A total of 72 simulation scenarios (36 each per intersection) were developed with various levels of congestion at the intersection. Congestion was created using two sets of traffic volume inputs, which included 1 800 passenger cars per hour (pcph) and 2 400 pcph on the arterial roadway, and 600 pcph and 800 pcph on the collector roadway. Additionally, three different turning percentages were included in the test. As shown in Table 3, each of the two primary scenarios on each major and minor roadway was accompanied by three sets of traffic turning-movement sub-scenarios. The percentage of right-turn volume on the major roadway was fixed at 15%, with varying percentages for the left-turn volume (10%, 15% and 20%). The percentage of right-turn volume on the minor roadway was fixed at 20%, with various percentages for the left-turn volume (30%, 20% and 15%) to consider the effect of the volume for left-turn traffic. Also, it can be seen that each scenario on the major road is accompanied with three different scenarios on the minor roadway. These scenarios were used to represent varying levels of congestion and turning movements at the intersection.
The through lanes on the major road, for both the Conventional and Superstreet design, carry the highest volume. The through movement on the major road was considered to be the most critical and was therefore one of the main entities used for the analysis.
A total of four individual simulation runs, each using different random seed numbers, were executed for each of the 72 scenarios. This resulted in a total test set of 288 simulation runs. The additional simulation runs were also necessary to establish stochasticity within the output so that statistical testing could be carried out. The results reported in this section reflect the average of the comparative measures of effectiveness computed for each of the four replications. Once the simulations are completed, CORSIM creates reports outlining different measures of effectiveness (MOEs). The two performance measures used for the basis of comparison between the Conventional and the Superstreet intersection designs were the network average delay and the average queue length on the through lanes of the major road. These two performance measures were selected because of their direct effect on traffic operations. They also demonstrated the overall efficiency of the intersection design.
Average delay
The average delay is a critical operational performance measure on interrupted-flow facilities, which reflects a greater discomfort caused to drivers than travel time (Zhou et al 2002). Tables 4 and 5 provide a comparison of the average delay for all scenarios using the Conventional intersection design versus those using the Superstreet intersection design, with major approach volumes of 1 800 vph and 2 400 vph respectively. The tables show the percentage difference/reduction between the Conventional and Superstreet intersection design. The analyses also show the statistical significance of the difference for the network average delay between the Conventional and the Superstreet intersection design. Statistical analyses of the data were performed using the two sample t-tests at 95% confidence level. The t-testing was used to compare relative effectiveness, by determining if the network average delay on the Superstreet intersection design was shorter than the Conventional intersection design, and the statistical significant difference between the two intersections. The following null and alternative hypotheses were used:
■ Ho: the network average delay on the Conventional and Superstreet intersection design is equal.
■ H1: the network average delay on the Conventional and Superstreet intersection design differs. The numbers in italics in the shaded rightmost columns of Tables 4 and 5 show that a significant difference existed between the two intersection designs. It can be seen that the network average delay for almost all scenarios was significantly better using the-Superstreet intersection design as opposed to the Conventional intersection design. The percentage reduction ranged from 27.39% to 82.26%. These results are thought to be due to the additional available green time for the Superstreet intersection design.
Queue length
In the research, queue length was also used as a performance measure of effectiveness for the operational evaluation and comparison of the two intersection designs. Once again, a two-sample t-test was performed at 95% confidence level to determine statistically significant difference in the average queue length between the Conventional and Superstreet intersection designs. The following null and alternative hypotheses were used:
■ Ho: the average queue length on the Conventional and Superstreet intersection design is equal.
■ H1: the average queue length on the Conventional and Superstreet intersection design differs.
Tables 6 and 7 provide a comparison of the average queue length for all scenarios using the Conventional intersection design versus those using the Superstreet intersection design, with major approach volumes of 1 800 vph and 2 400 vph respectively. The numbers in italics in the shaded rightmost columns of Tables 6 and 7 show that a significant difference existed between the two intersection designs. The tables show that the average queue length for all scenarios was significantly better using the Superstreet intersection design compared to the Conventional intersection design, with a percentage reduction up to 97.43%. Again, these results are thought to be due to the additional available green time for the Superstreet intersection design.
The aim of this paper was to evaluate and compare the operational efficiency of a Conventional signalised intersection with an unconventional Superstreet Median Crossover intersection using micro-simulation software. For this purpose two CORSIM models depicting the Superstreet Median Crossover and a Conventional intersection were developed and tested. Several scenarios were created by changing the approach volumes and turning percentages on the major/minor roads to reflect different congestion levels at the intersection, resulting in a total of 72 scenarios, i.e. 36 for each model. The optimal signal timing was calculated for each case to eliminate biasness. Each scenario had its own independent output, and the most pertinent variables were extracted from the output and used in the analysis. The variables considered to be of primary importance were queue length and average network delay, since these measures directly affect traffic operation on major roads' through lanes.
Among the general findings of this research was the fact that the Superstreet intersection design consistently showed evidence of decreased delay time and queue length when compared to the Conventional design. The percentage reduction in the network delay ranged from 27.39% to 82.26%, and an approximate 97.50% reduction in average network queue length experienced on the through lanes of the major road. Such a large divide is best explained by the signalising methods along the major roads. Generally speaking, increasing green time has positive effects on network delay and queue length. The Superstreet operates on a synchronised two-signal phase, which allows more green time to be allocated to the major roads' through volume, and consequently decreases the chance for queues to form and signal failure to occur. When the major road's through lane volume is relatively high and receives green time priority, this effect is more recognisable.
A more detailed investigation of the comparison data showed that the greatest delay and queue length differences occurred when a high percentage of minor road left-turners (approximately 30%) coincided with a moderate amount of major road left-turners ( above 15%). This implies that restricting left turns from minor street approaches could result in operational benefits for intersections in most cases.
Although Superstreet design has been suggested to decrease the overall delay at an intersection, an increased delay is experienced for motorist desiring to travel through and turn left from a minor street approach. For this reason, and because the design of a
Superstreet requires extra right of way, careful consideration concerning the minor street traffic composition and nearby stakeholders should be taken. It is suggested that the Superstreet should be considered only where there is adequate right-of-way and where high arterial through volumes conflict with moderate to low cross-street through volumes. While data presented in this paper provides evidence that the Superstreet is well suited for major street operations, more research is needed to examine the effects of directional volume, lane volume, driver adaptability and expectations in different geometric designs.
The authors of this paper wish to acknowledge the technical assistance provided by Brian Wolshon of Louisiana State University for providing expert information critical to the development of the model and the analysis of the data.
AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) 2004. A policy on geometric design of highways and streets. Washington DC: AASHTO. [ Links ]
Bared, J & Kaisar, E 2002. Median U-turn design as an alternative treatment for left turns at signalized intersections. ITE Journal, 72(2):50-54. [ Links ]
Boxill, S A & Yu, L 2000. An evaluation of traffic simulation models for supporting ITS development. Available at: http://swutc.tamu.edu/Reports/167602-1.pdf (accessed June 2013). [ Links ]
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) 2004. Signalized intersections: Informational guide (FHWA-HRT-04-091). pp 219-276. Available at: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/04091/04091.pdf (accessed January 2011). [ Links ]
HCM 2000. Highway capacity manual, 4th ed. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. [ Links ]
Hummer, J E & Jagannathan, R 2008. An update on superstreet implementation and research. Paper presented at the 8th National Conference on Access Management, Transportation Research Board, Baltimore, MD, July. [ Links ]
Kim, T, Edara, P K & Bared, J 2007. Operational and safety performance of a non-traditional intersection design: The "superstreet". Paper presented at the 86th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington DC. [ Links ]
Mahalel, D, Craus, J & Polus, A 1986. Evaluation of staggered and cross intersections. Journal of Transportation Engineering (ITE), 112(5):495-506. [ Links ]
Nagel, K & Rickert, M 2000. Parallel implementation of TRANSIMS micro-simulation. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_ udi=B6V12-43RD4C8 5&_user=3787556&_ rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_ acct=C000061383&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_use rid=3787556&md5=6dbc350fead2884706f4ce204e6fed94 (accessed June 2013). [ Links ]
Papacostas, C S & Prevedouros, P D 2001. Transportation engineering and planning, 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. [ Links ]
Reid, J & Hummer, J 1999. Analyzing system travel time in arterial corridors with unconventional designs using microscopic simulation. Transportation Research Record, 1678: 208-215. [ Links ]
Reid, J & Hummer, J 2001. Travel time comparisons between seven unconventional arterial intersection designs. Transportation Research Record, 1751:56-66. [ Links ]
Williams, J C & Kholslo, K 2006. Saturation flow at signalized intersections during longer green time. Transportation Research Record, 1978:61-67. [ Links ]
Zhou, H, Lu, J, Yang, X, Dissanayake, S & Williams, K 2002. Operational effects of U-turns as alternatives to direct left turns from driveways. Transportation Research Record, 1796:72-79. [ Links ]
Contact details:
Hana NaghawI
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
The University of Jordan
11942 Jordan
E: email@example.com
Contact details:
Wakeel Idewu
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Virginia Military Institute
Virginia 24450
United States of America
E: firstname.lastname@example.com
PROF HANA NAGHAWI PE is Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Jordan. She holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering and a Master of Science degree in Civil Engineering (highway and traffic) from the University of Jordan, and a PhD in Civil Engineering from the Louisiana State University, USA. Her research interests lie within the broad area of transportation engineering, with a specific interest in traffic operation and congestion prevention. She is a member of the Jordan Engineers Association, the Jordan Road Society, and the Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington DC, USA. Prof Naghawi has also been awarded a number of honoraries.
PROF WAKEEL IDEWU PE is Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Virginia Military Institute. Hailing from New Orleans, he is a registered engineer in the Commonwealth of Virginia, and holds a doctorate in civil engineering from the Louisiana State University. Prof Idewu has eight years of experience in post-graduate teaching and transportation engineering, and is an expert in simulation modelling using the Vissim platform. He instructs courses and laboratories in Materials for Construction and Civil Engineers, Traffic and Highway Engineering, and Transportation Planning and Evaluation.


text:
Farm Bureau Financial Services offers three convenient options to report an auto claim:
The information above is for our customers with claims in Arizona, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota and Utah. Outside these states, please contact your agent.
To help make the filing process smoother, please have the following documents ready when you contact your agent or claims representative:
To view your claim status and the contact information for your assigned adjuster, log in to your FBFS.com account and go to the claims overview. If you don't have online account access, our easy registration process takes just a few minutes!
Finally, be sure to check out our list of local Preferred Auto Repair Shops to help you get your vehicle back on the road quickly.


text:
IP Console Switch 3x1x16
Monitor Keyboard Mouse switch 16 ports
Part# 262586-B21
Overview:The HP IP console switch provides keyboard video and mouse (KVM) connections to 16 direct attached servers. Users can tier this switch with legacy Compaq console switches or new expansion modules to support up to 128 servers (8 servers per switch port). The HP IP consoling solution utilizes CAT5 UTP cables between the switch and server facilitating cable routing and allowing for field termination of cable lengths. An interface adapter is used to convert the server's PS2 connection to RJ45. IP console switches are available in two models to support either 1 or 3 network users accessing KVM functions using the IP console viewer software a java applet that can be installed on Windows or Linux workstations. Users can access the attached servers through their LAN/WAN connection as if they were standing right in front of the rack. Security for servers is controlled by user names configured and saved on the switch. The HP IP consoling solution provides KVM access to any server with standard PS2 keyboard video and mouse connection allowing a single switch to support a variety of device brands from one local console or over a LAN. The IP console switching solution does not require the installation of any software on the attached servers allowing users to connect a single switch to servers running a variety of operating systems.


text:
Design, Develop, Scale, Market.
Desktop + Mobile
We love desktop and mobile web. We can easily make fully functional, responsive websites that allow users to get a great experience from their laptop to their mobile touch-screens. Need a native app? We love writing those too!
Open Source
We use Open-Source Software everywhere we can. We make an effort to release our tools and software as open-source, as well as contribute to the projects we use and love. We are also supporters of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.


text:
Indicative Rate * AU$165 to AU$495
Raffles Mooloolaba, an intimate resort, is just a short stroll to all that idyllic Mooloolaba has to offer.
Raffles Mooloolaba comprises 30 modern and inviting fully self-contained spacious and comfortable one or two bedroom apartments.
Choose from a ground floor apartment with its own private and secure courtyard, a deluxe apartment with either garden or partial ocean views, ocean view apartment or an ocean view Penthouse apartment with its own private rooftop with barbecue and outdoor furniture setting.
Each apartment's features include modern appliances, granite bench tops, LCD television, split air-conditioning, free Foxtel, complimentary WiFi and a double spa bath ensuite.
Relax in private on your own east to north facing balcony or enjoy their resort facilities - heated pool, spa, barbecue entertainment area, lift, free parking and tour desk.
Walk across the street to the supermarket, 80 metres to the closest restaurant, 200 metres to the local bus stop, 150 metres to the nearest beach, 500 metres to the Surf Club and Underwater World, or take a five minute drive to the coast's largest shopping and movie complex or a 30 minute drive to Australia Zoo.
Raffles Mooloolaba is the ideal base for your Sunshine Coast adventure.
One or two bedroom/two bathroom penthouse apartment with ocean views. Features include; full kitchen and laundry, double spa bath ensuite, split air-conditioning in the lounge and master bedroom, ceiling fans in all rooms, free Foxtel (eight channels), two flat screen televisions, DVD player, balcony and a large private rooftop with barbecue and outdoor furniture setting.
One or two bedroom/two bathroom modern and inviting apartment with double spa bath ensuite. Apartment features include; flat screen television, Austar television (eight channels) split air-conditioning in the lounge and master bedroom, ceiling fans in all rooms, full kitchen, full laundry, DVD player and intercom.
Fully self contained, non-serviced, one or two bedroom/two bathroom double spa bath apartment. Features include; full kitchen and laundry, split air-conditioning, ceiling fans in all rooms, two flat screen LCD televisions, Austar (free), DVD player, carpeted lounge and bedrooms, balcony with ocean views and intercom.
Note: Information on listed products and services are provided by the operator and were correct at the time of publishing. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator's website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD).


text:
School Info
Faculty and Staff
Mission Statement
School Improvement Plan
Tri-District Strategic Plan
News & Announcements
Faculty Webpages
Library-Mrs. Miller
Mrs. Sylvain - Math
School Nurse-Ms. Breen
Ms. Gaudiana
Ms. Jordan
Parent Resources
2018-19 School Calendar
2019-2020 School Calendar
Student/Parent Handbook 2018-19
RI Schools Bullying Policy
Wellness Policy
Bus Routes 2018-19
Bus Consent Form
Sodexo School Lunch
WG Community Organization(WGESCO)
Closing & Delays
Parent Resources
Teacher Resources
Renaissance Reports(#12-17)
RICAS Assessments
RICAS Tutorial/Practice Tests
Next Generation Science Assessment
Teacher Bookmarks
Google password reset
Pearson Realize
My Pearson Training
Student Bookmarks
Splash Math
Typing Club
Kids A-Z
Student Council
Google Classroom
Google Docs
Google Sheets
Google Slides
Google Drive
Technology Use Policy
Faculty Webpages
FMS Calendar
Mission Statement
News & Announcements
"Spring into Action!"
2015-16 Bus List
2015-16 School Calendar
2016-2017 School Calendar
2017-18 Bus Routes Available
Assistance for Single Moms
Back to School Newsletter!!!
Back to School Night
Book Swap: Week of April 1st
Bus Delays!!!
Bus Routes 2014-2014 Now Available
Child Outreach Screenings
Child Outreach Screenings
Child Outreach Screenings
Children and Nutrition
Chorus Singing at Prov. Bruins
Class Assignments Revealed
Class Placements are Available!
Classroom Assignments
Community Lunches
Cookies & Cocoa with Santa
Cookies and Cocoa with Santa
Cookies and Cocoa with Santa
Cookies and Cocoa with Santa!
December News from Sodexo
Dentist Visiting WG
Early Dismissal - Parent/Teacher Conferences
Early Release Day
Early Release Day Cancelled - No School
Early Release Day Rescheduled
Early Release Days 2015-2016
Early Release/Parent-Teacher Conferences
First Day of School
Flu Clinics
Flu Information
Flu Shot Clinic
Flu/Noro Virus Prevention Memo
Free Dental Clinic
Free Dental Clinic
Free Parent Workshop
Glocester School Bus Routes 2016-17
Glocester's Earth Day Celebration
Health & Wellness Committee
Health & Wellness Policy Draft Available for Viewing
Health and Wellness Policy Preview
Homework Expectations Updated
IMPORTANT - Calendar Changes
In Fact: Caption Contest
Kindergarten Registration
Kindergarten Registration
Kindergarten Registration 2019-20
Local Advisory Committee (LAC)
Local Advisory Committee (LAC) Meeting
Local Advisory Committee Meeting
Local Advisory Committee Meeting
Local Advisory Committee Meeting
Local Advisory Meeting
Memorial Day Weekend
No School Friday, May 1st
No School on Monday
NW Special Education Region Local Advisory Committee (LAC)
Open House
Open House 2016
Parent/Teacher Conferences
Picture Day
Primary Day - No School
Reading Week - April 13-17
Reading Week: April 8-12
Reminder to All Parents & Guardians
Save the Date-Back to School Night 2018!!!
School Improvement Team
Sea to See
September 2018 Newsletter
September Newsletter
SIT Committee Meeting
Special Education Local Advisory Committee
Spelling Bee
Spelling Bee Change!!!
Start Time of School Day Changed
State Testing Schedule
Summer Meals Program
Summer Meals Program
SurveyWorks Results
The Dentist is Visiting West
Tweet Tweet
Unified Week
Walk for Kindness
Welcome Back from Sodexo
West Glocester Student Art Show
WGESCO Family Picnic on the Playground
WGESCO January Meeting
WGESCO Meeting
WGESCO Meeting
WGESCO Meeting
WGESCO Meeting Cancelled
WGESCO Meeting Cancelled
WGESCO Meeting Changed
WGESCO Meeting Rescheduled
WGESCO Meeting Rescheduled
Your Vote Counts!
Parent Resources
School Info
Faculty and Staff
Teacher Resources
Teacher Resources
FG Email
Report Abuse
Powered By
Google Sites


text:
Hessian RPC Services. What's not to like?
16 Oct 2010
Over the last few days I've been playing with Hessian, "a compact binary protocol for connecting web services". In my previous company we used Hessian extensively for communicating between a Java thick client and a Java Apache Tomcat HTTP server with good success. These days we talk of JSON and REST and peer our noses down at thick clients so Hessian might seem irrelevant, however around the time we were implementing our client-server communications (2004 / 2005), we were bathing in the waters of SOAP, WSDL and so-called heavyweight web services. The beauty of Hessian was our ability to take our Plain Old Java Objects which we had already implemented on our thick client and send them down the pipe unchanged to our server. Hessian took care of the marshalling and unmarshalling of data. In fact, because we took advantage of Hessian integration with the Spring Framework, a declarative application framework which encourages defining objects and their relationships and dependencies in configuration files, all it took was a bit of code and a bit of configuration to get everything working.
Hessian compares well with the JSON / REST model. Hessian is also designed around HTTP POST whereby a client connects to a URL on the server and sends data, however Hessian goes one step further and encodes an RPC call i.e. a function name and arguments. In fact the Hessian library makes this process transparent by proxying the server i.e. it provides an object on which the client makes function calls without knowing that the call will be sent to a server. Note that there is no "contract" or abstract interface which you are forced to code to – client and server ensure they're sending and receiving the correct function arguments by "unwritten agreement" much like the JSON / REST model. Unlike JSON, Hessian is a binary protocol meaning that the data exchanged between client and server is very compact. It also encodes type information, in fact, entire object structures are maintained when unmarshalled on either client or server. Hessian is also cross platform and libraries exist for many programming languages including Javascript.
So what's not to like? Well binary communication and the concept of RPC function calls in general seems to have gained a bad reputation, possibly due to the extra complexity and library support needed over simple JSON / REST and possibly because of the increased coupling an RPC call implies. Experience at my previous company taught us that the communication can be little brittle if the definitions of objects sent over the wire are not kept in step on both client and server. If an object sent from the client to the server has an extra unknown field, there will be an error when the Hessian library on the server tries to unmarshall that data to create an object. (The reverse, however, is not true – any fields missing from data over the wire will simply end up unset on the unmarshalled object).
Passing JSON over HTTP is much more forgiving in that the client or server will blissfully ignore any field it doesn't know how to handle, though of course if a field that is expected is not found, the server must know handle that. Ordinarily, keeping the client and server in step shouldn't be a problem, however we had many clients in the field with different versions of our software all connecting to the same server.
It has only recently occurred to me that the brittleness described above is peculiar to statically typed languages such as Java where an Exception is thrown at any attempt to apply a value to a field where that field not been defined in an object's class. The same is not true of dynamically typed languages such as Python which is forgiving when applying values to arbitrary fields on an object. For many years, hessianlib.py has been the standard Python implementation of Hessian. It has been little unmaintained over that time and includes a Hessian client implementation but no Hessian server implementation. The code is also a little impenetrable. Happily, earlier this year a fork of hessianlib.py called Mustaine has appeared. It doesn't (yet) contain a server implementation, but the code is more penetrable so I submitted a patch with an implementation of a Hessian WSGI server.
Let's see some code based on the proposed mustaine.server module. (Please note that Mustaine server support is in flux so this example is subject to change). An object can be served via WSGI by wrapping it with mustaine.server.WsgiApp. An object's methods are only exposed if decorated with the mustaine.server.exposed decorator. For example:
from mustaine.server import exposed class Calculator(object): @exposed def add(self, a, b): return a + b @exposed def subtract(self, a, b): return a - b
The following code will serve a Calculator() object on port 8080 using the Python reference WSGI server:
from wsgiref import simple_server from mustaine.server import WsgiApp s = simple_server.make_server('', 8080, WsgiApp(Calculator())) s.serve_forever()
This object can now be accessed over the network using the Hessian client:
>>> from mustaine.client import HessianProxy >>> h = HessianProxy('http://localhost:8080/') >>> h.add(2, 3) 5
As a result of providing server support to Mustaine, I've started developing django-hessian, a library which serves Hessian objects in Django. Objects can be served using djangohessian.Dispatcher at a given URL with an entry in urls.py. The Calculator() object described above can be served at the URL http://localhost:8000/rpc/calculator/ in the Django development server as follows:
# mysite/urls.py: from django.conf.urls.defaults import * urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^rpc/', include('mysite.myapp.urls')), )
# mysite/myapp/urls.py: from django.conf.urls.defaults import * from djangohessian import Dispatcher from server import Calculator urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^calculator/', Dispatcher(Calculator())), )
Full source can be found at http://bitbucket.com/safehammad/django-hessian/.
I can't help wondering whether the Hessian protocol is getting attention it deserves, particularly in environments where both client and server are delivered and maintained by a single provider. Have you implemented JSON / REST systems which would have benefited from using Hessian? Do you have good arguments as to why the use of Hessian is to be discouraged?
safe :: 16 Oct 2010 ::
Programming :: ::
4 Comments »
Tags: hessian, java, json, python, rpc
4 Responses to "Hessian RPC Services. What's not to like?"
on 09 Mar 2013 at 15:561Kiran
Hi Hammad,
I have one question about Hessian implementation with REST. I am using REST using jersey framework. Can I integrate it with Hessian? because Hessian uses binary protocol and REST supports XML/JSON .
Hi Kiran,
You can plug Hessian into Jersey, and REST in general, should you choose to do so. Rather than calling a method on a Hessian proxy to make an RPC call to the server, you would simply use Hessian to encode and decode objects into binary form and send them over the wire RESTfully. Jersy allows you to produce and consume non-String items such as byte[] to facilitate this.
To take the example in my post, you might encode an object such as
WeatherRequest wr = new WeatherRequest("Paris", "C")and POST that to /service/weather then use Hessian to encode and decode the result.
If you're considering using Hessian simply for binary object serialisation (and you've already discounted text protocols such as JSON and XML) then you might want to consider some widely used alternatives:
Each of these have their pros and cons regarding speed, cross language capability and the ability to version data for forward and backward compatibility.
REST doesn't require JSON/XML as the payload. So I assume it is ok to use Hessian to encode/decode object?
It's completely possible to encode/decode with Hessian, just as it is for other binary protocols such as Avro, Thrift, Protobuf and MessagePack. However I'd bear in mind that JSON and XML are "ubiquitous" and understood by almost all developers, so if you're exposing a REST service publicly, you might want to consider that.
- Safe


text: Networking meeting day again, so I bought lunch out: $8.72 (for the buffet, water & tip) Even though we had a cream sauce dish last night, I went ahead and made Chicken Fettucine Alfredo for dinner tonight. Mike LOVES it. He's been working especially hard on the workshop, so I want to make him niceRead More