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Global Mobile Video Surveillance Market Report 2018 Analysis and Forecast Research Report to 2023
Latest Mobile Video Surveillance Market report encompasses the overall and comprehensive study of the Mobile Video Surveillance global Market with all its aspects influencing the growth of the market. The report acknowledges the need to stay updated in this competitive market conditions and this provides an all-inclusive data for making strategies and decision so as to boost the market growth and profitability. The Porters Five Forces model and SWOT analyses method was used for data analysis.
The Report Cover :
This report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the Global Mobile Video Surveillance during the period 2013-2018. Many trends such as globalization, technology advancement, over-capacity in developed markets, market fragmentation regulation & environmental concerns, and product proliferation are covered in Mobile Video Surveillance report. Mobile Video Surveillance report consists of an array of charts, statistical data, tables, graphs, and models to pictorially analyze the industry and deliver easy to understand data in detail. This helps client to grasp the picture easily and understand which industry shows the potential for growth. Client gets 100% satisfaction about product and their current market trends & opportunities.
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Major Key Regions Covered :
- North America
- China
- Europe
- Japan
- Southeast Asia
- India
The top players in global market, like
Hikvision, Hanwha Techwin, Dahua, Flir, Axis Communications, United Technologies, Tyco International, Pelco, Bosch Security Systems, Avigilon, Infinova
On the basis of product, Mobile Video Surveillance report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type are mention detail in report.
On the basis of the end users/applications, Mobile Video Surveillance report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate for each application are given in report.
The report answers several questions about the Mobile Video Surveillance market.These questions include:
- What will be the market size of Mobile Video Surveillance market in 2023?
- What will be the Mobile Video Surveillance growth rate in 2023?
- Which key factors drive the Mobile Video Surveillance market?
- Who are the key market players for Mobile Video Surveillance ?
- Which strategies are used by top players in the Mobile Video Surveillance market?
- What are the key market trends in Mobile Video Surveillance ?
- Which trends and challenges will influence the growth or Mobile Video Surveillance market?
- Which barriers do the Mobile Video Surveillance markets face?
- What are the market opportunities for vendors and what are the threats faced by them?
- What are the most important outcomes of the five forces analysis of the Mobile Video Surveillance market?
Extensive data on the key players operating in the Global Mobile Video Surveillance market is covered in this report. This includes: Business overview, revenue share, product offering, service offering, latest events, and strategies of these players. On an international basis, the number of recognized participants is elevating and hence it is necessary for every player in the market to get a bloodthirsty perimeter on the others
Moreover, the Mobile Video Surveillance report also entails the market's key strategic developments consisting of research & development, new product launch, acquisitions & mergers, partnerships, agreements, joint ventures & collaborations, and regional growth of key participants in the market on the regional and global basis.
Further,The report studies the Mobile Video Surveillance by evaluating the market chain, prevalent policies, and regulations as well as the manufacturers, their manufacturing chain, cost structures, and contribution in the industry.
Furthermore, the report evaluated major market points such as revenue, capacity utilization rate, gross, price, capacity, gross margin, cost, demand, export, consumption, import, growth rate, market share and so on.
Highlights of the Mobile Video Surveillance Market :
- Sales, Size, Supply and demand of worldwide Mobile Video Surveillance industry
- Technological inventions in Mobile Video Surveillance
- Global Mobile Video Surveillance industry Positioning
- Pricing and Brand Strategy
- Distributors/Traders List enclosed in Positioning Mobile Video Surveillance Market
- Mobile Video Surveillance Market Dynamics
- Market Drivers and Mobile Video Surveillance Opportunities
- To track and analyze competitive developments such as mergers & acquisitions, new product developments, and partnerships, agreements & collaborations in the market
- Industry size & Mobile Video Surveillance shares
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Kevin Kosbab is wrapping up the blog hop for his new book, The Quilter's Appliqué Workshop. But he hasn't run out of information to share about how to applique.
|Kevin Kosbab shows you how to easily achieve beautiful appliqué results like this in his book Quilter's AppliquéWorkshop.
Many quilters and sewists are put off by appliqué's reputation as being fussy and just plain difficult. Or, they've tried appliqué techniques and have not been happy with how the work turned out.
In Kevin's book, he offers tips, tricks, and techniques (as well as many beautiful projects) that will want you to give appliqué quilting a chance and get great results, too.
Here are some of his tips:
1. In general, for both hand and machine appliqué, start sewing an appliqué along a straight or gently curved edge rather than a corner or point. The corners look neater this way.
2. To reduce stiffness from fusible web, cut the center away from your fusible shape, leaving a border of about 1/4″ inside the traced outline.
3. Try different types, sizes, and brands of hand needles to find the best one for you. I use a size 11 sharps for hand appliqué, but you might find it easier to manipulate fabric edges with a longer milliners needle. Ask for recommendations from friends or quilt shops, but ultimately it's a personal decision.
4. Cross-wound spools of thread generally feed better on your machine's horizontal spool pin, while stacked (parallel-wound) spools work best on a vertical pin. If your machine doesn't have a vertical spool pin, try a thread stand-also a good idea if you find monofilament thread tangling when sewing invisible appliqué.
5. When combining piecing with appliqué, press the pieced seams in the direction that makes sense pictorially-that is, press seams away from whichever fabric is supposed to be the "background." When prepiecing fabrics to sew down as a single appliqué shape, press the seam allowances open to reduce bulk in the turned edges.
6. Interior points are the most difficult to sew by hand, so if you have a choice, it may be easier to sew two layered pieces instead of a single one with a deep point. This trick from Jean Ray Laury adds extra visual depth too.
7. For pieces that would be difficult or impossible to turn, use a nonfraying fabric like wool felt or Ultrasuede instead of quilting cotton. These fabrics also offer different texture possibilities.
8. Appliqué doesn't really come to life until it's quilted. Quilting just outside the motifs or sections of them really helps them pop dimensionally. You can also ad detail to the appliqué shapes with quilting, but be aware that all-over quilting designs that run over appliqués often ruins their effect.
So, what about you? Are you ready to give appliqué a chance? Get your copy of Quilter's Applique Workshop.
The Quilter's Appliqué Workshop
Quilters will learn to take their quilts to the next level with easy appliqué techniques …

subset: commoncrawl


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Tien Shan, Chinese (Pinyin) Tian Shan or (Wade-Giles romanization) T'ien Shan, Russian Tyan Shan, great mountain system of Central Asia. Its name is Chinese for "Celestial Mountains." Stretching about 1,500 miles (2,500 km) from west-southwest to east-northeast, it mainly straddles the border between China and Kyrgyzstan and bisects the ancient territory of Turkistan. It is about 300 miles (500 km) wide in places at its eastern and western extremities but narrows to about 220 miles (350 km) in width at the centre.
The Tien Shan is bounded to the north by the Junggar (Dzungarian) Basin of northwestern China and the southern Kazakhstan plains and to the southeast by the Tarim (Talimu) Basin. To the southwest the Hisor (Gissar) and Alay ranges of Tajikistan extend into part of the Tien Shan, making the Alay, Surkhandarya, and Hisor valleys boundaries of the system, along with the Pamirs to the south. The Tien Shan also includes the Shū-Ile Mountains and the Qarataū Range, which extend far to the northwest into the eastern Kazakhstan lowlands. Within these limits the total area of the Tien Shan is about 386,000 square miles (1,000,000 square km).
The tallest peaks in the Tien Shan are a central cluster of mountains forming a knot, from which ridges extend along the boundaries between China, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan; these peaks are Victory Peak (Kyrgyz, Jengish Chokusu; Russian, Pik Pobedy), which at 24,406 feet (7,439 metres) is the highest mountain in the range, and Khan Tängiri Peak (Kyrgyz, Kan-Too Chokusu), which reaches 22,949 feet (6,995 metres) and is the highest point in Kazakhstan.
Physical features
The relief is characterized by a combination of mountain ranges and intervening valleys and basins trending generally from east to west. The deepest depression in the eastern Tien Shan is the Turfan (Turpan) Depression, within which is the lowest point in Central Asia—505 feet (154 metres) below sea level. Thus, the differences in elevation in the Tien Shan are extreme, exceeding 4.5 miles (7 km). The eastern extension of the Turfan Depression is the Hami (Qomul) Basin; both basins are bounded to the north by the Bogda Mountains, with elevations of up to 17,864 feet (5,445 metres), and by the eastern extremity of the Tien Shan, the Karlik Mountains, which reach a maximum elevation of 16,158 feet (4,925 metres).
The ranges are of the alpine type, with steep slopes; glaciers occur along their crests. The basins are bounded to the south by the low-rising Qoltag Mountains. West of the Turfan Depression is one of the greatest mountain knots of the eastern Tien Shan: the Eren Habirga Mountains, which reach elevations of 18,200 feet (5,550 metres). The ridge has considerable glacial development, as well as numerous forms of relief that indicate the area was the site of ancient glaciation.
West of longitude 84° E, the eastern Tien Shan ridges fork, trending to the southwest and northwest, and enclose the vast depression of the Ili (Kazakh, Ile; Chinese, Yili) River valley in Kazakhstan, which gradually widens and loses elevation as it proceeds westward. It is bounded to the north by the Borohoro Mountains, which have glaciers in the eastern part and are characterized by steeply sloping ridges. This range also gradually descends westward, where at an elevation of 6,801 feet (2,073 metres) lies the great undrained Lake Sayram. The Ili depression is bounded to the south by the highest mountains in the central Tien Shan—the Halik Mountains, reaching heights up to 22,346 feet (6,811 metres), and the isolated Ketpen (Ketmen) Range, which rises to an elevation of 11,936 feet (3,474 metres) in the central part of the depression.
The northern extremity of the part of the Tien Shan in Kazakhstan forms the Zhonggar (Dzungarian) Alataū Range (14,645 feet [4,464 metres]), which is subject to considerable glacial action. To the south the Ile Alataū (Trans-Ili) Range rises abruptly above the Ili depression to a height of 16,315 feet (4,973 metres). The successive transition of climatic zones, determined by elevation, from arid and dry steppe at lower levels to glacial at the summit, is evident on the northern slopes of this range. The Kyrgyz Ala (Qyrghyz) and Talas Alataū ranges, rising above 13,000 feet (4,000 metres) and located farther west, also belong to the outer chain of the northern Tien Shan. There is a great difference in elevation between these outer mountain ridges and the plains at their base. Streams, therefore, usually plunge down the mountain sides through deep gorges and, as they flow out onto the plains, form vast fan-shaped deposits of silt and mud. On the fertile land formed by this process are located many oases and population centres, including the cities of Almaty in Kazakhstan and Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan. The Küngöy Ala (Küngey Alataū) and Teskey Ala (Terskey-Alataū) ranges also belong to the northern Tien Shan. The Teskey Ala rises to a height of about 17,300 feet (5,300 metres) and borders the vast Lake Ysyk basin, the centre of which is filled by Lake Ysyk (Ysyk-köl).
The western portion of the Ak-Say (Toxkan in China) River basin and most of the Naryn River basin are situated within the inner Tien Shan. This region is characterized by the alternation of comparatively short mountain ranges and valleys, both extending east and west. The predominant elevations of the mountains vary from approximately 10,000 to 15,000 feet (3,000 to 4,600 metres), while the elevations of the depressions that separate them vary from 6,000 to 10,500 feet (1,800 to 3,200 metres). The most important ranges are Borkoldoy, Dzhetym, At-Bashy, and the Kakshaal (Kokshaal-Tau) Range, in which Dankova Peak reaches a height of 19,626 feet (5,982 metres).
The elevation of the mountains increases in the Sary-Jaz (Saryzhaz) Mountains in the central Tien Shan, which lies to the east of the Ak-Shyyrak (Akshiyrak) Range. The separate ranges gradually converge, forming the high-elevation mountain knot already mentioned, which includes Khan Tängiri Peak and Victory Peak.
In contrast to most of the Tien Shan ranges, which run approximately east-west, the Fergana Kyrka Mountains, separating the inner region from the western and southern Tien Shan, extends from southeast to northwest. Its maximum elevation is 16,207 feet (4,940 metres). The southwestern slopes display a variety of climatic zones in the course of their gradual descent.
The western Tien Shan ranges lie north of the Fergana Valley. Several short but high and steep ranges running southwest-northeast there meet the southern sides of ranges running westward and northwestward. The highest peak is in the Chatkal Mountains (14,773 feet [4,503 metres]), and the predominant elevations vary between 7,500 and 10,500 feet (2,300 and 3,200 metres).
The southern Tien Shan ranges (including Turkistan, Zeravshan, and Alay, among others) border the Fergana Valley on the south and extend chiefly east and west. The maximum elevation is 18,441 feet (5,621 metres), with several peaks above 15,000 feet. To the south the Tien Shan meets the Pamirs. Foothills approach the northern slopes of the ranges, and there are oases on the plains below the mountains.
The mountains of the Tien Shan are composed in the main of crystalline and sedimentary rocks of the Paleozoic Era (i.e., about 540–250 million years ago). The basins that lie between the mountains are filled with younger sediments that were formed chiefly by the erosive action of the area's rivers. Granitic rocks outcrop over much of the area in the north and east of the Tien Shan.
The northern and eastern portions of the region underwent folding during the mountain-building period that occurred during the early Paleozoic; it has been uplifted dry land since that time, and its original sedimentary cover has been almost completely obliterated by erosion. The southern and western parts of the Tien Shan, however, consist principally of sedimentary metamorphosed (structurally changed by heat and pressure) rock and, to a lesser degree, of intrusive and volcanic rock. These regions experienced folding during the late Paleozoic.
A new stage of development began about 25 million years ago and has continued to the present time. It has been characterized by sudden movements of the Earth's crust. Loose fragments of rock have slid into the valleys and formed accumulations; those in the Fergana Valley are almost 5 miles (8 km) thick. Shallow lakes were formed in many valleys and later evaporated, leaving behind salty deposits.
Subsequently, glaciers produced moraines comprising boulder-rich sediments in the mountains, while gravel (water-lain sediment) and loess (wind-deposited sediment) accumulated in the valleys. Zones of faulting occur, usually along the boundaries between the ridges and the valleys. Large-scale horizontal movements have occurred along the great Talas Fergana Fault, which traverses nearly the entire Tien Shan system along the northeastern slopes of the Fergana Kyrka Mountains and its northwestern extension. The deep faults are associated with catastrophic earthquakes that occurred at Verny (1887), at Kashgar (Kashi; 1902), in the northern Tien Shan chains (1911), and at Chatkal (1946) and Khait (1948).
The total area of the Tien Shan glaciers is some 3,900 square miles (10,100 square km), of which approximately four-fifths is in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. Largest among the several glacial areas are the region around Khan Tängiri and Victory peaks and the Eren Habirg Mountains. There also are many glaciers in the Kakshaal Range, the Ak-Shyyrak Range, the Ile Alataū Range, and the southern Tien Shan. The largest glacier in the Tien Shan is Engil'chek (Inylchek) Glacier, which is approximately 37 miles (60 km) long; it descends from the western slopes of the Khan Tängiri massif and branches into numerous tributaries. Other large glaciers in this area include North Engil'chek (24 miles [39 km]) and one at Muzat Pass (21 miles [34 km]). The length of the largest Tien Shan glaciers elsewhere is usually between 6 and 12 miles (10 and 19 km); the most usual size is that of the relatively small valley glaciers, from about 1.5 to 3 miles (2.4 to 5 km) long.
The glaciers are usually fed by snowfall on the glaciers themselves or by snow avalanches from the surrounding slopes. Glacial action in the Tien Shan apparently is decreasing; most glaciers are either receding or standing still. Since the mid-20th century, however, large glaciers in the inner Tien Shan region have made short-term advances. The glaciers of the Tien Shan feed many large rivers, including the Naryn, Sarydzhaz, Ili, Aksu, and Zeravshan.
Human intervention at the lower elevations has severely modified the entire drainage network of the Tien Shan. Extensive irrigation schemes in the foothill valleys have curtailed the heavy flow to the Aral Sea and the Tarim Basin. The diversion of water for both agricultural and urban use is especially characteristic of the Ili and Kaidu rivers in the eastern Tien Shan. The flow into old watercourses is negligible. Even Lake Ysyk, which is saline, has been lowered by peripheral diversion. Hydroelectric plants have been built in a number of gorges; the Toktogul project on the Naryn River is the largest. In addition, small facilities harness the energy of western rivers such as the Kaxgar (Kashgar), Ak-Say, and Aksu in spate from summer snowmelt.
The position of the Tien Shan in the centre of Eurasia governs its sharply continental climate, characterized by great extremes of temperature in summer and winter. The characteristic aridity of the region is manifest in the surrounding deserts and dry regions. The area absorbs much solar heat, and there are about 2,500 hours of sunshine each year. The climate becomes progressively cooler and more humid as the elevation of the mountains increases. Permafrost (ground with temperatures continuously below 32 °F [0 °C] for two or more years) is extensive above 9,000 feet (2,750 metres). The prevalent air masses are transported over the Tien Shan by moisture-bearing westerly winds from the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the precipitation falls on the windward western and northwestern slopes at elevations between 7,500 and 9,000 feet (2,300 and 2,750 metres); it varies from 28 to 31 inches (710 to 790 mm) at one extreme to 59 to 79 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) at the other. To the east and in the interior regions of the Tien Shan, the total precipitation decreases to between 8 and 16 inches (200 and 400 mm), and it amounts to less than 4 inches (100 mm) in places. Maximum precipitation falls on the southern Tien Shan in March and April, and the summer is dry. In the western and northern Tien Shan, most of the rain falls during the warm period of the year, with a maximum in April or May. Most of the rain in the inner and eastern Tien Shan regions falls during the summer months. Many mountain valleys there are used as winter pastures because of the small amount of snow that falls in wintertime.
Temperatures vary in the Tien Shan, mostly depending on elevation. Summer is hot in the foothills: the mean temperature in July may reach 81 °F (27 °C) in the Fergana Valley, 73 °F (23° C) in the Ili valley depression, and up to 93 °F (34 °C) to the east, in the Turfan Depression, where the climate is even more continental. The temperature in July at a height of about 10,500 feet (3,200 metres) in the inner Tien Shan drops to 41 °F (5 °C), and frost is possible throughout the summer. The mean temperature in January in the Fergana Valley is 25 °F (− 4 °C), in the Ili depression it is 14 °F (− 10 °C), and it drops to − 9 °F (− 23 °C) in the alpine regions of the inner Tien Shan; in places (in particular, the Ak-Say valley) temperatures as low as − 58 °F (− 50 °C) have been recorded.
Plant life
The characteristics of flora in the Tien Shan are determined largely by the region's distinct zones of elevation, which provide a diverse distribution of soils and vegetation. In the foothills and plains at the base of the mountains, semidesert and desert areas have usually developed; these zones continue to elevations between about 5,000 and 6,000 feet (1,500 and 1,800 metres) in the eastern section. In the Tien Shan they are characterized by ephemeral vegetation growths that die out at the beginning of summer; xerophytic (drought-tolerant) grasses, wormwood, and species of the desert shrub genus Ephedra are generally distributed. The most common landscape in the Tien Shan is steppe, which occurs at elevations between about 3,500 and 11,000 feet (1,050 and 3,350 metres). In China and the Central Asian republics measures have been taken to restore vast areas of steppe grassland that have been depleted by overgrazing.
The forests of the Tien Shan alternate with steppes and meadows. Forests are found principally on the northern slopes and range between elevations of about 5,000 and 10,000 feet (1,500 and 3,000 metres). On the lower slopes of the outer ranges, the forests are mainly deciduous, consisting of maple and aspen, with extensive admixtures of wild fruit trees (apples and apricots). Vast areas of the southwestern slopes of the Fergana Kyrka Mountains are occupied by ancient nut-bearing forests. Stands of pistachio, walnut, and juniper are found up to 6,500 feet (2,000 metres) on the shaded slopes of several western and southern Tien Shan ranges. North and east of the Fergana Valley, coniferous forests predominate. At the upper boundary they are often replaced by sparse juniper forests. The marshy forests in the river valley bottoms, in which aspen, birch, poplar, and various brushwoods ordinarily grow, lie far outside the forest zone. Over millennia, cutting for fuel has reduced much of the tree cover in some areas, although the forced relocation of many mountain inhabitants to irrigated valleys beginning in the second half of the 20th century has reversed this pattern.
The forest glades and areas adjacent to the upper tree line are usually covered with meadow vegetation. Subalpine meadows of mixed grasses and cereals extend up to almost 10,000 feet (3,000 metres) on the moist northern slopes but on southern slopes are usually replaced by mountain steppes. There are short-grass alpine meadows up to 11,500 feet (3,500 metres). In the inner and eastern Tien Shan regions, at elevations between 11,200 and 12,000 feet (3,400 and 3,700 metres) and sometimes higher, the level areas and gentle slopes are "cold deserts," with sparse and short vegetation. Mosses and lichens are found in the areas of the glacial zone that are free of soil cover.
Animal life
The diversity and range of animals and birds in the Tien Shan increased markedly following the relocation of much of the human population to lower elevations. Species typifying the mountain fauna include wolves, foxes, and ermines. There also are many distinctively Central Asian species, chiefly inhabiting the high mountains; these include snow leopards, mountain goats, Manchurian roe, roe deer, and mountain sheep. The forest-meadow-steppe zone is inhabited by bears, wild boars, badgers, field voles, members of the jerboa family (nocturnal jumping rodents), and members of the Ochotonidae family (short-eared mammals related to the rabbits). The many birds include the mountain partridge, pigeon, alpine chough, crow, mountain wagtail, redstart, birket (a golden eagle), vulture, Himalayan snow cock, and other species. The lower zones—desert and semiarid regions—are visited by animals from the neighbouring plains, such as antelopes, gazelles, Tolai hares, and gray hamsters. Lizards and snakes are also found.Yelizaveta Yakovlevna Rantsman Nigel John Roger Allan
Situated along the boundary between east and west Turkistan, the Tien Shan is home to many ethnic groups. The most numerous of these are the Kyrgyz and the Uighur, the former concentrated in the west and the latter in the east. Other groups residing along the range's periphery include the Kazakhs, Mongols, and Uzbeks. The Chinese portion of the Ili River valley has attracted a sizable immigrant population, including refugees from civil disorder in other regions. An autonomous county for Mongols, who remain Buddhists, exists in the eastern Tien Shan; Sunni Islam predominates among Kyrgyz and Uighur communities, while small relict Jewish and Russian Orthodox Christian communities are located in and around Ürümqi in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, China. During World War II many ethnic Russians, Ukrainians, Jews, Tatars, and Caucasus groups were relocated to the Soviet Tien Shan oasis towns from the western portion of the Soviet Union. With the consolidation of Chinese control in eastern Turkistan, Chinese (Han) have become ubiquitous in the urban settlements of the eastern Tien Shan.
Large population centres are ethnically diverse. Cities in the Fergana Valley draw skilled immigrant labour from the surrounding territory, as do the regional capitals of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, and Almaty, Kazakhstan; in the eastern mountains Chinese dominate the large city of Ürümqi. Forced settlement of nomadic and transhumant populations was formerly practiced by both the Chinese and Soviet governments, but some seasonal mobility has been restored, and farming has been adapted to this variable land use. Despite the marginal environment of the Tien Shan, migrants from eastern China and from Siberia and Central Asia continue to move into the region in large numbers. The mountains and lakes, especially those near urban centres, draw numerous holiday visitors.
Resource development
Irrigation provides the basis for human habitation, whether from traditional systems of underground aqueducts that drain the water-bearing substratum adjacent to runoff watercourses or from large networks of canals. In the valleys, irrigation allows cotton, wheat, and fodder crops to be raised and waters pastureland. On the frost-free slopes of alluvial fans, fruit trees are grown in all settlements in the Central Asian republics. Cattle raising largely has replaced the traditional herding of sheep and goats in the western mountains, while a pattern of sheep and horse raising prevails in the eastern ranges; a few yaks and Bactrian camels also are raised in the east.
The Tien Shan is rich in minerals. Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are found in the valleys, while the high mountains contain commercial quantities of various nonferrous metals (antimony, mercury, lead, zinc, nickel, and tungsten) and of phosphates. Oil and gas extraction and mining and processing nonferrous metals have stimulated rapid industrialization on the northern slopes of the eastern ranges; food processing and textile manufacture are the other major industries of towns in the republics. Motor-vehicle manufacturing, petrochemical production, and food processing predominate in the Ürümqi area in China.
Since the end of World War II, considerable investment has been made in the region's transportation infrastructure. Railways in the republics now link with those of China through the Dzungarian Gate (a pass on the border between China and Kazakhstan) and the shore of Lake Ysyk. Rail routes on the Chinese side penetrate westward to the Tarim Basin and the Fergana Valley. Roads link most interior valleys, and daily air service is available to most towns. Lake Ysyk and the Ili River are used as waterways.Solomon Ilich Bruk Nigel John Roger Allan
Study and exploration
In antiquity the Silk Road linking China and Southwest Asia followed the southern edge of the Tien Shan. Continental warfare limited the utility of this route after about 1500. The ambitions of the imperial powers—Russia, China, and Britain—in the late 19th century rendered local chieftains ineffectual. Disputes over the mountain territory were subsequently resolved and the borders fixed.
Since World War II most scientific exploration has been of an applied nature, with a focus on harnessing irrigation water from the summer snowmelt, geomorphological research into slope stability near transportation routes, and biogeographic field research aimed at increasing the productivity of grasslands and forests. Extensive mapping of the mountains, particularly by the Chinese, has permitted detailed planning for road construction and industrial siting.Yelizaveta Yakovlevna Rantsman Nigel John Roger Allan
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
China: The Tien ShanThe Chinese (eastern) part of the Tien Shan consists of a complex system of ranges and depressions divided into two major groups of ranges: the northern and the southern. The groups are separated by a strip of intermontane depressions that itself is broken…
mountain: The Himalayan chain…intracontinental crustal shortening in the Tien Shan, the aforementioned east–west trending mountain range with peaks exceeding 7,000 metres in height that lies 1,000 to 2,000 kilometres north of India's northern edge. The Tien Shan was the site of Late Paleozoic mountain building, but by the time India collided with Eurasia…
Central AsiaCentral Asia, central region of Asia, extending from the Caspian Sea in the west to the border of western China in the east. It is bounded on the north by Russia and on the south by Iran, Afghanistan, and China. The region consists of the former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,…
Victory PeakVictory Peak, mountain in the eastern Kakshaal (Kokshaal-Tau) Range of the Tien Shan, on the frontier of Kyrgyzstan and China. It was first identified in 1943 as the tallest peak (24,406 feet [7,439 metres]) in the Tien Shan range and the second highest peak in what was then the Soviet Union; it is…
Kyrgyz Ala RangeKyrgyz Ala Range, mountain range in Central Asia. A western spur of the Tien Shan ("Heavenly Mountains") system, the range extends westward for approximately 230 miles (370 km) from the Chu River to the Talas River, just east of the city of Taraz, Kazakh. It rises to a height of 15,994 feet (4,875…
More About Tien Shan13 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- formation
- Kyrgyz tribes
- volcanic deposits
geography of
Central Asia
- Issyk-Kul Lake
- In Lake Ysyk
- Kazakstan
- Kyrgyzstan
- Tajikistan
- Uzbekistan
- Asia


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Truly Blessed Day in Palos Park, IL!
By Rev. Fr. Vasyl Sendeha
On Sunday March 17, long awaited day has come to Sts. Peter and Paul Parish family in Palos Park, IL. It was truly a great and blessed day! The parish family has celebrated not one or two, but four happy occasions. First joyful occasion was a visit of the Ruling Hierarch of the Western Eparchy and President of Consistory of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA - His Grace Bishop Daniel. However, this time his visit was extraordinary. He has come to provide spiritual guidance to his South Side Chicago flock of the faithful, to ordain three altar servers to Sun-Deaconate and bestow his special blessing upon three young boys, who were just starting their service at the altar. His Grace has come accompanied by the newly ordained Deacon Vasyl Pasakas, who has traveled with the Bishop to celebrate his first Divine Liturgy as a Deacon.
Beautiful sunshine greeted parishioners of Sts. Peter and Paul as they were entering Holy Temple before the Liturgy. The smoke from the censors held by deacons, aroma of flowers mangled by joyfully chattering kids, who were awaiting with anticipation on the arrival of His Grace Bishop Daniel, elated the happy celebration.
His Grace Bishop Daniel was greeted at the Church traditionally with bread presented to him by the parish council secretary - Anatol Bilyk. Noreen Neswick - president of the parish council greeted bishop with flowers and welcoming words. The teacher Aileen Rak greeted His Grace on behalf of the teachers and children of Sunday School. One after the other children with reverence, very serious faces and some caution though have speechlessly given flowers to His Grace. When Bishop Daniel offered a group hug, - the ice broke, serious looks melted and kids cheeringly clang to His Grace almost knocking him down to the floor.
At the narthex of the Church, Bishop Daniel was greeted by the Pastor of the parish Rev. Fr. Vasyl Sendeha and two visiting priests: Fr. Howard Sloan and Fr. Silouan Rolando, and Deacon John Charest. Fr. Vasyl welcomed the bishop, beseeching his Archpastoral prayers for the wellbeing of the parish congregation, while the bishop offered words of gratitude to the pastor, for his dedicated service in the Vineyard of Christ and unconditional love for those that are entrusted into his spiritual care.
Three altar servers: Peter Cepynsky, Peter Iordanov & Jonathan Bezney have been serving at the altar of Sts. Peter and Paul for over a decade. The time has come for them to make a step up in their service and be elevated through ordination. They were found to be eligible candidates for the Holy Orders of Readers/Chanters and Subdeaconate through their dedication and a long time service. The Mystery of Ordination has taken place at the begging of the Divine Liturgy. The prayers of ordination were beseeched the blessing was bestowed by His Grace upon each of the altar servers. Bishop himself helped the newly ordained Sun-deacons to be vested. Ordination was followed by the blessing of three young boys: John & Michael Supilowski and Austin Drewno to begin their service at the altar. What a great scenery! Three older altar servers were reaching their highest positions in minor orders of the servers at the altar, and three young ones were just starting up their service.
The choir's joyful singing directed by Subdeacon George Cepynsky carried on the celebration. The Gospel was read from Matthew 6:14-21 for the Sunday of Forgiveness. Then the time came for the Bishop's word, and as He spoke, complete silence filled the pews. Even the anxious kids quieted down. Everyone was carefully listening as their spiritual shepherd preached about the reality of this world. His words were real. He spoke about his life, not an easy life growing up fatherless. With inspirational words of encouragement, His Grace Daniel was exhorting us to ponder upon the true value of forgiveness. He was exhorting us to incorporate Christ words into our lives. The virtue of forgiveness ought to be practiced with great diligence among each other if we want to have peace and tranquility in our community, if we want love to overcome all the tribulations in our relationships and in our lives.
As usual, for the prayer of "Our Father" in Ukrainian, the children has gathered in the back of the church and grabbed their booklets with the words and notes for the prayers. All of them grabbed the booklets, those who can read and those who can't. Everyone in the church with anticipation waited to hear them sing. Peter Gordan, student of the 6th grade of Sunday School directed the Children's choir. There are simply no words that would be able to describe the spiritual affection of the children singing the prayer. Their angelic voices spilled out from the back of the church bouncing off of the walls filled the air saturated with aroma of the incense and burning candles. It felt heavenly! It was making you lightheaded…
At the end of the Liturgy, His Grace Bishop Daniel led the congregation in the Service of Forgiveness. All of the clergy knelt on the ambo and asked forgiveness from the faithful. The faithful followed likewise. The service has ended with the faithful asking forgiveness from each other and exchanging hugs and kisses of Forgiveness and Peace.
The celebration then continued at the parish hall, where a lunch was held honoring newly ordained Subdeacons. The sun was getting ready to go for a rest behind the tree spikes of the forest preserves as the parishioners and guests, wearied from all the excitement and joy, were leaving for home. It was truly a great day. The team of altar servers at our parish has increased. Now we have been blessed with seven Subdeacons and six altar boys.
Truly Blessed Day in Palos Park, IL! - 03/17/13
(18 images)


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Lydian W01 Fonts
<link href="//db.onlinewebfonts.com/c/f1eba56ed151166200bf7f243f5e45f2?family=LydianW01" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>#2 Using @import CSS directive, put the following line in add to your css file.(http | https)
@import url(//db.onlinewebfonts.com/c/f1eba56ed151166200bf7f243f5e45f2?family=LydianW01);#3 Use font-face declaration Fonts.(http | https)
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Digitized data copyright (C) 1991-1995 The Monotype Corporation. All rights reserved. Lydian! is a trademark of The Monotype Corporation which may be registered in certain jurisdicions.
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Graham Meade & ApostropheCopyright
Graham Meade & Apostrophic Labs. All rights reserved. firstname.lastname@example.com
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Movatif W00 Regular
Ray LarabieAuthor
Ray LarabieTrademark
Movatif is a trademark of Typodermic FontsCopyright
Copyright (c) 2009 Typodermic Fonts. This font is not freely distributable. Visit typodermic.com for more info.Description
Please read the current Typodermic Fonts license agreement at http://www.typodermic.com/license.html
Vintage Erotique
Vintage ErotiqueStyle
Copyright Darrian and Itieu, 1999. All rights reserved.Description
Image scans by Itieu, Font creation by Darrian. Freeware.
Codex W01
Linotype GmbHAuthor
Georg TrumpTrademark
Codex is a trademark of Linotype GmbH and may be registered in certain jurisdictions.Copyright
Copyright 2006 Linotype GmbH, www.linotype.com. All rights reserved. This font software may not be reproduced, modified, disclosed or transferred without the express written approval of Linotype GmbH. Codex is a trademark of Linotype GmbH and may be registered in certain jurisdictions. This typeface is original artwork of Georg Trump. The design may be protected in certain jurisdictions.License
NOTIFICATION OF LICENSE AGREEMENTYou have obtained this font software either directly from Linotype GmbH or together with software distributed by one of Linotype's licensees.This font software is a valuable asset of Linotype GmbH. Unless you have entered into a specific license agreement granting you additional rights, your use of this font software is limited to your workstation for your own use. You may not copy or distribute this font software. If you have any questions regarding your license terms, please review the license agreement you received with the software.General license terms and usage rights can be viewed at www.linotype.com/license.Generelle Lizenzbedingungen und Nutzungsrechte finden Sie unter www.linotype.com/license.Pour plus d'informations concernant le contrat d'utilisation du logiciel de polices, veuillez consulter notre site web www.linotype.com/license.Linotype GmbH can be contacted at:Tel.: +49(0)6172 484-418
Sunday Monday W00 Regular
David KerkhoffAuthor
David KerkhoffTrademark
Sunday Monday is a trademark of David Kerkhoff.Copyright
Copyright (c) 2010 by David Kerkhoff. All rights reserved.License
END USER LICENSE AGREEMENTBy installing, copying, or otherwise using fonts by David Kerkhoff, you agree to be bound by the terms of this EULA. This license agreement represents the entire agreement, concerning the font, between you and David Kerkhoff (a.k.a. Hanoded Photography), (referred to as licenser), and it supersedes any prior proposal, representation, or understanding between the parties. If you do not agree to the terms of this EULA, do not install or use fonts by David Kerkhoff. Any font by David Kerkhoff is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties. The fonts are licensed, not sold.1. GRANT OF LICENSE.The font is licensed as follows:(a) Installation and Use.David Kerkhoff grants you the right to install and use the font(s) for any purpose you see fit (except those mentioned in (d) exceptions), commercial or non-commercial, on websites or in print, as long as you do not sell or resell the font(s) on their own, or claim them as your own. You can install the font(s) on one computer only.(b) Backup Copies.You may make copies of the font(s) as may be necessary for backup and archival purposes.(c) EmbeddingFonts by David Kerkhoff may not be embedded in software, games, computer programs or the like. For this a special license is required. 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SF Proverbial Gothic Bold Oblique
Style : Bold ObliquePackages
SF Proverbial GothicStyle
Bold ObliqueVersion
Derek VogelpohlTrademark
SF Proverbial Gothic Bold Oblique is a trademark of ShyFoundry.Copyright
Copyright (c) 2008 by ShyFoundry. All rights reserved. Freeware for personal use only. To purchase a commercial license, please visit our site at http://www.shyfoundry.com.Description
For additional information about the usage of this font, please read the included ShyFoundry Freeware EULA or visit our site at http://www.shyfoundry.com/licensing.License
For additional information about the usage of this font, please read the included ShyFoundry Freeware EULA or visit our site at http://www.shyfoundry.com/licensing.
Glosa W01 Roman Italic
Dino dos Santos _DSTypeAuthor
Dino dos SantosTrademark
Glosa-Roman Italic is a trademark of Dino dos Santos _DSType.Copyright
Copyright (c) 2007 by Dino dos Santos _DSType. All rights reserved.Description
Copyright (c) 2007 by Dino dos Santos _DSType. All rights reserved.
Raw Denim Audacity Regular
Raw Denim AudacityStyle
Out Of Step Font CompanyTrademark
Copyright Out Of Step Font Company 2014Copyright
Copyright Out Of Step Font Company 2014http://outofstepfontco.comLicense
Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike
Mensa Condensed W01 Bold Italic
Aviation PartnersAuthor
Nicholas GarnerCopyright
Copyright (c) 2011 by Aviation Partners. All rights reserved.Description
Copyright (c) 2011 by Aviation Partners. All rights reserved.


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Tonight's Concert Picks: Lantern at Johnny Brenda's, Black Prairie at MilkBoy, Blonde Redhead at Union Transfer, XPN Welcomes David Johansen of New York Dolls to World Cafe Live, XPN Welcomes Rhett Miller to The Abbey Bar
Local rock 'n' roll trio Lantern headline Johnny Brenda's tonight. Self-described as "proto-biker-punk-blues," the one thing that will strike any listener upon diving into 2012's Dream Mine EP (Bathetic) for the first time is the sheer amount of blown-out fuzz and noise that distorts the classically punk vocals of front-man Zachary Devereux Fairbrother. Citing influences as surprising as early folk and blues and as obvious as early rock 'n' roll and '60s-'70s punk, Lantern's music is a combustion of nitty gritty Americana. Tickets and information for tonight's 21+ show with Dong Johnson and Amanda X can be found here. Below, watch the video for "Train Song."


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The new Kat Von D Mini Autograph Pencils summer 2013 collection got our attention as this upcoming season eye definition is a definite must! The options when it comes to a sultry eye makeup are now endless as with so many textures and pigments available for purchase adding depth and definition to your peepers will be so much fun, just pick the style and the products to do the job and put your makeup skills the test! If you're looking for a makeup look that's simple yet delivers stunning results Kat Von D Mini Autograph Pencils summer... Read More


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XRumer is a Windows program that posts forum spam with the intend of boosting search locomotive rankings. It has been claimed that the program is superior to route techniques commonly acclimatized nigh numerous websites to stop automated spam, such as account registration, CAPTCHAs, and e-mail activation in advance posting. The program makes heavy use of a database of known open proxies in an essay to make it more troubled in place of administrators to block posts.
In addendum, the software can keep off the suspicions of forum administrators past blue ribbon registering to press a brief in the contrive of a point which mentions the spam output ("Where can I get...?"), before registering another account to post a spam relate which mentions the product. The side meaning of these innocent-looking posts is that caring forum visitors may search on a search apparatus (e.g. Google) for the product and themselves postal service a relate to help off, as a consequence bolstering the result's Google stats without falling afoul of forum posting policies.
According to The Inventory, the latest version[which?] of XRumer can disappoint CAPTCHAs of Hotmail and Gmail. This enables the software to create accounts with these free email services, which are used to measure in forums that it posts to.[1] [2]
Most spam attacks on forums as a rule turn up dawn on in waves, and the software will not spam at full make haste initially. Consequently, a good plan towards limiting the bill of such attacks is to object new members who entertain adventitious series' of alphanumeric characters benefit of their usernames. The multiple instances of a spam bot will possess conspicuous similarities in their email addresses (and purpose usually be random themselves), allowing members that match the turn to advantage of other spam bots to be banned before they even post. As mentioned - proxies are used, making IP bans inefficacious, regardless it is possible to deterrent the posting of threads containing unchanging exercise book, or links to a undisputed site. Some time ago a yield or situate has been spammed, it can be blocked, preventing the software from successfully uploading its payload.
A specific way to conquest the software (at least for moment) is to add spare secret open sesame fields to the registration form. You can go to ground those fields with css "display:not any;" so that normal users would not regard them. (Do it by enclosing the fields in a div with splendour advertise:not anyone).
XRumer seems to be stuffing out all fields of prototype "watchword" with the word-for-word value. So validation is measure simple at this point. If your veiled open sesame fields are not empty, chances are the imaginative registration was a sequel of XRumer run.
For the duration of back bulwark, you can produce unplanned names for the benefit of your open sesame fields and incorporate 10+ of such arcane fields into your registration form.
xrumer blast service


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Jonsul wrote:Else is there a faster way to type parentheses, like a way to turn off numbers for a sec or something.
I just had an idea: put the parens on the home row via the Mode_switch modifier. I use a custom keymap with Xmodmap, which includes this:
- Code: Select all
keycode 133 = Mode_switch
keycode 134 = Mode_switch
keycode 46 = n N parenleft
keycode 47 = s S parenright
I press either of the super keys, plus n or s, which are on the home row in the Dvorak layout. It feels better. It'll take some getting used to before it actually becomes more efficient, but I think it'll be worthwhile... maybe less so now that I'm using ParEdit and don't even have to type parenright anymore.
Edit: it's been almost two weeks. I've adjusted to the change and am satisfied that it was worth the bother. I gravitated fairly easily toward super+n instead of shift+9, though mapping parenright did turn out to be a waste of a key. The benefit is not so much the easier reach as it is keeping my fingers on the home row to type in whatever comes after the paren.


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Cotton futures prices are sagging against a background of extreme weather and the prospect that world cotton production will exceed cotton consumption.
Last week, December cotton futures lost another 7 cents to finish at $1.1561.
"New crop cotton prices have been under pressure since early April," said Scott Stiles, Extension economist-risk management, for the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. "Since reaching a high of $1.44 on April 6, the December 2011 contract has traded as low as $1.13 on Friday (May 13)."
USDA's Supply-Demand on May 11 provided little in the way of positive news for new crop cotton prices.
The May USDA report offers the first detailed estimates for the 2011-12 growing season. Despite a projected 1.6 million-acre increase in 2011 cotton plantings, U.S. production is expected to remain stable year-over-year at roughly 18 million bales. Given this production estimate, the USDA is showing some concern over the flooding in the Delta and severe drought in Texas.
"The Cottonbelt is one of weather extremes at the moment," Stiles said. "The Delta's final cotton acreage remains in question due to flooding and in contrast, it is too dry to plant in much of the key cotton producing area of the Texas High Plains."
More insight on this will be provided in the USDA's June 30 "Acreage" report.
"At first glance, stable production sounds positive for prices. Mill use is projected to hold at 3.8 million bales, however, export demand is expected to decline 2 million bales in the coming year from the current 15.5 million due to foreign competition."
U.S. ending stocks for the 2011/12 marketing year are projected to increase from 1.75 million to 2.5 million bales. Though increasing, supplies will remain relatively tight and the third lowest since the mid-1960s. The USDA expects producer prices for the 2011 crop to fall in the range of 95 cents to $1.15 per pound.
"The USDA's current world cotton balance sheet for 2011 may have provided the most negative news," Stiles said. "The USDA's May forecast pegged world production at an all-time high of 124.7 million bales. This would be a 10 million-bale increase over last year, with a significant part of the production increase is expected to come from China, India, and Pakistan."
World cotton consumption in 2011/12 is expected to increase 3.0 million bales to 119.5 million bales. But, for the first time in six years world cotton production is expected to exceed consumption. Ending stocks are expected to grow by about 5.4 million bales to 47.9 million bales next season.
Stiles said weather conditions, the amount of foreign cotton production and consumer demand for cotton will steer price direction in the coming months.
For more information about crop production and agricultural economics, contact your county Extension office or visit www.uaex.edu.


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Falling Short of God's Glory
While I do not remember much from elementary school, there is one conversation I will never forget. In fourth grade, I took the opportunity to witness to one of my friends. I remember asking her, "If you were to die …Read More
Karisa Schlehr
Karisa Schlehr is Content Manager for Ligonier Ministries.


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22 September 2012 at 10.05am | 5 Comments
Although now a rarity (Covent Garden hasn't seen a performance of the piece since 1890), Meyerbeer's Robert le diable caused a sensation after its Paris premiere in 1831. Its dramatic plot and colourful music were much admired, and Meyerbeer became one of the leading figures in the European opera scene. Many of the cultural elite were in the audience for the world premiere of Robert le diable, including Frédéric Chopin, who wrote: "If ever magnificence was seen in the theatre, I doubt that it reached the level of splendour shown in Robert... It is a masterpiece... Meyerbeer has made himself immortal". The composer must have breathed a sigh of relief – he had toiled for three years on the work, paying his own expenses for his stay in Paris and eventually (according to Hector Berlioz) paying the Paris Opéra approximately 60,000 francs towards the costs of staging Robert.
One of the most memorable scenes of Robert le diable (and a late addition in the creative process at the behest of managing director Henri Duponchel) proved especially memorable and quickly achieved notoriety. The scene, a ballet, features a group of dead nuns who come back to life in a graveyard and try to entice Robert to his ruin and damnation with a seductive dance. The scene proved hugely influential, regarded by some as the first of the ballet blancs; a genre whose early examples also included La Sylphide and Giselle.
And, over 150 years after the world premiere of Robert le diable, it is the notorious ballet of the nuns that has cemented itself in the popular perception of the work, assisted no end by its inclusion in a memorable painting (existing in two versions) by Edgar Degas depicting this very scene on stage at the Paris Opéra. In the late 1860s Degas turned his attention from historical paintings and portraits to scenes of contemporary life. One of his particular interests was ballet dancers, and until the end of his life he drew and painted many scenes of dancers in performance, rehearsal or resting. It is as a depicter of dancers that Degas is now best known. He also did a series of portraits of musicians and opera audience members. Degas focused chiefly on dancers rather than singers – his painting The Ballet Scene from Meyerbeer's Opera Robert le diable is a relatively rare example among his paintings of a depiction of an opera on stage, and even then it is of a ballet within an opera.
The two versions of The Ballet Scene from Meyerbeer's Opera 'Robert le diable' held by the V&A and Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York show the ballet on stage from the perspective of the orchestra stalls. We see clearly some of the members of the audience, and also some of the orchestral players, depicted in relatively intricate detail. This dark foreground is juxtaposed with an impressionistic view of the stage and the dancing nuns with their strange movements and gleaming white habits; an otherworldly scene, in contrast to the realistic depiction of the figures closest to the front of the painting. The view of the dancers may seem impressionistic and stylized, but Degas was in fact a highly disciplined artist, who calculated the effect of every brushstroke in his paintings. His notebooks contain a number of sketches for this painting, along with notes, and four brush drawings of the nuns. Degas famously disliked the term 'Impressionism', noting that 'in art, nothing should look like chance, not even movement'.
When the curtain rises on Robert le diable on 6 December at the Royal Opera House in Laurent Pelly's new production, London audiences will once more have a chance to see a work, and, in the course of the evening, a scene that hasn't been staged in London since Degas' time. Who knows: perhaps this production will inspire an iconic artist of the future?
Robert le diable opens on 6 December.


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|Tuesday, June 18th, 2019
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Our CAT6a shielded patch cables allow 10 Gigabit data transmission over a 4 conductor 24AWG shielded twisted pair cable. CAT6a cables provide connection distances up to 100 meters. The cables come with snagless boots and 50u gold plated contacts. Our cables support IEEE 802.3af and are DTE power compliant. They are also compatible with T568A and T568B wiring. This new style of CAT6 cable has improved specifications, particularly in the area of Alien Cross-talk (AXT) as compared to CAT6 UTP which exhibited high alien noise in high frequencies. CAT6a cables are backward compatible with CAT5e and CAT6.
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MAHLE range extender vehicle
Using a combustion engine as a range extender, battery-powered powertrains in passenger cars can achieve a range that is comparable to that of conventional powertrains. The range extender can therefore become a gateway for broader series applications in vehicles with electric drive systems. MAHLE is currently investigating this powertrain technology using a range extender combustion engine and a demonstrator vehicle, both developed in house.
As the basis for the demonstrator vehicle with electric drive and range extender (Range Extended Electric Vehicle—REEV), MAHLE selected a conventionally powered B-segment vehicle. The main reasons for this decision were the market estimates for range extender powertrains and a typical user profile that includes daily countryside and freeway trips in the range of 50 to 80 km, as well as the package-related challenges. The compact and flexible installation position of the MAHLE range extender engine is particularly useful here.
The in-line two-cylinder design with integrated generator makes the range extender significantly smaller than the 1.2-liter in-line four-cylinder engine installed in the base vehicle. Thanks to the extremely compact package of the 55 kW (100 kW peak) electric traction motor and of the two-speed reduction transmission, all of the major drive components (including the inverter and control units), with the exception of the high-voltage battery, were easily housed in the vehicle's front end.
The direct proximity of the combustion engine to the electric drive components in the already tight installation space of the vehicle's front end requires the integration of separate cooling circuits. The typical coolant temperature of about 90°C in the combustion engine must be prevented from affecting the significantly lower temperature level in the cooling circuit of the electric motor (about 40°C) by means of insulation. The cooling strategy of the main radiator in the demonstrator vehicle is based on the requirements of each of the individual circuits. When additional cooling is required in one circuit, it receives top priority in the interaction of the individual circuits.
Fundamentally, the electric powertrain was designed to allow the demonstrator vehicle to meet or even exceed the driving performance of the base vehicle, with the exception of top speed. It was also important to demonstrate that the drive configuration does not require sacrificing loading volume. The high-voltage battery—with 14 kWh storage capacity—is installed below the floor in the spare wheel recess without affecting loading space or passenger compartment. In addition, the approximately 45-liter fuel tank from the base vehicle was reduced by almost half, to 25 liters.
MAHLE has optimized the operating strategy of the range extender for minimal fuel consumption in driving operation while complying with limits for exhaust, noise, and vibration emissions. To this end, variations in rotational speed within a combustion cycle were reduced as much as possible in the early stages of development, thus minimizing the application effort required for the engine. Dynamic load control of the generator and appropriate selection of the operating points provide a very good baseline. As shown in extensive cold start tests, partial-load operating points at low speeds provide the best compromise between low exhaust gas emissions (approximately 30 percent of Euro 6 limits) and fuel consumption in the NEDC.
Based on the current applicable European exhaust gas legislation, in order to obtain the least CO2 emissions values in electric vehicles with range extenders (and so-called plug-in hybrid vehicles in general), the purely electric range must be maximized while the range extender must be prevented from overcharging the battery. Assuming that electric power is derived from "regenerative" energy sources (wind, water, or solar), any energy remaining in the battery at the end of the trip would be counterproductive from a CO2 standpoint. An operating strategy for REEV that optimizes fuel consumption only starts the range extender when a low battery charge level is reached (to maximize the purely electric cruising range) and then remains only marginally above the currently required drive power (e.g., +1 kW). In order to reduce noise emissions in actual driving operation to practically below the background noise level, one potential operating strategy has the range extender starting only in exceptional cases (such as very low battery charge levels) if the power demand is below 5 kW or vehicle speed is below 45 km/h. In the standard operating condition, the power output is adjusted proportionally to the speed of the vehicle.
The operating strategy enables the demonstrator vehicle to reach beyond the purely electric cruising range of 70 km, adding more than 400 km with a total of less than 45 g CO2/km. This amounts to a CO2 reduction of around two thirds compared with the good initial figure from the basic vehicle. The key here is the very high overall efficiency achieved by the MAHLE powertrain. Greater than 31 percent at the best point in the overall powertrain is an impressive value, particularly considering the physical disadvantages in efficiency for serial hybrid drive concepts with two additional energy conversions (from mechanical to electrical, and electrical back to mechanical). While the efficiency of a modern conventional powertrain, at about 35 percent (gasoline) and over 40 percent (diesel) cannot be quite matched by a REEV due to the nature of the system, the difference is astonishingly small with the MAHLE powertrain.
Owing to global efforts to further significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions of vehicle powertrains, a wide spectrum of different powertrains will be used in the future, depending on the area of application. This will be largely contributed to by continuously optimizing the established combustion engine. In the next decade, purely electric powertrains could reach a global market share of about 5% in the urban environment with small and compact class cars. Thanks to the range extender, these vehicles will significantly increase their previously limited cruising range and reduce overall costs as a result of the use of batteries with less storage capacity. The range extender can thereby make the electric powertrain much more attractive. Based on in-house powertrain scenarios, MAHLE thus anticipates that the range extender has a realistic opportunity with purely electric vehicles in the next ten years, and is actively shaping the ongoing development of future mobility with this product.


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This culminating event for the English Capstone Course requires that students publicly present a project that they have been responsible for shaping from its inception to its final form. The presentation will concretize the expertise that students have accrued in the research process and allow them to speak as authorities about their topic. No matter what career our students enter, public speaking is an essential skill, as is the act of distilling complex knowledge into a compact yet comprehensible package. Thus this final assignment of the Capstone course is the one that perhaps most clearly transitions students out of the major and into the next phase of their lives. We see this aspect of the course as a way to help students recognize each others' accomplishments and to help them be proud of their own as they move forward into their various futures.
2019/2020 - Capstone Faculty
Capstone Presentation Videos
Ellorie Kenyon. 'Beyond "Thoughts and Prayers": Religion, Action, and Survival in Dystopian Fiction.' Slide show.
Emilee Dubois. 'The Dangerous Representation of Characters with Disabilities in Children's Literature.' Slide show.
Emmie Carr. 'Fighting the Power from Within the Power: Using Hip Hop Based Education as a Mode of Critical Pedagogy.'
Anna Gall. 'The Promising Link Between Reading Instruction and Movement in the Classroom.' Slide show
Capstone FAQ
Why did the English Department change the Capstone Course?
As part of a larger curriculum revision, the English Department re-designed the Capstone to allow students to highlight their academic achievement in a series of projects that emphasize research, writing, and public engagement in a community of scholars. Previously, Capstone had a focus on literary theory. The new Capstone instead allows students to work on a self-designed project that serves as a culmination of work in their emphasis area.
What kind of work will I do in Capstone?
The Capstone class has three major assignments common across all sections: the Intellectual Autobiography, the Thesis, and the Conference Presentation. In order to pass the course, you must complete all three assignments. In addition, each professor will assign other coursework at his or her discretion—examples of these minor assignments might include (but are not limited to) an annotated bibliography; graded pre-writing or rough draft material; and/or a participation grade.
Is there any difference between sections?
Yes and no. As stated above, each professor may require different types of minor assignments and is free to weight the grades of those assignments as he or she deems appropriate. However, each section of the class, no matter who is teaching it, will have in common the three major assignments, and the grades for those assignments will have roughly equivalent values across sections.
What does the Conference Presentation entail?
You will be required to present some aspect of your thesis publicly at the Capstone Conference, which is normally held on the final Friday of the regular semester (i.e. before Finals Week). You will be assigned to a panel with two other Capstone students whose work is thematically similar to yours, and each of you will have 10 minutes to present. Your presentation will be evaluated by a panel of faculty members, and there will be a discussion period during which audience members will ask followup questions about your work.
What if my professor doesn't teach in my area?
Since we have four different interest areas in which our students can specialize, it is likely that your instructor will not share your interest area. Since you will work independently on your thesis project, rather than being taught a particular area of study, this should not present a major problem. Although your professor my not share your emphasis area, he or she will be able to evaluate your argument, your writing, and the overall academic validity of your project. However, we do encourage students to seek out a faculty mentor in their own interest area to get specialized feedback on their thesis project at a variety of stages. For example, if you are interested in linguistics and your Capstone professor specializes in literature, you can (and should!) contact a linguistics faculty member to get advice on your proposed argument, on important resources in your field, or on a small section of writing. Do keep in mind, however, that while most faculty are happy to serve in a mentoring role, students should be aware that faculty have many demands on their time. If you seek out a mentor, please be respectful of his or her limits.
If I want a faculty mentor, how do I find one?
Ideally, you would seek out a faculty member from whom you have taken a course in the past and whose work intersects with the topic you want to cover in your thesis. Otherwise, you can look through the list of faculty on our website to see if there is a person who works in a field that is related to your topic. The "What We Offer" page of the English Departments website allows you to see which faculty members work in the area in which you are interested.
What other resources are available to help me with this class?
You can always seek out meetings with your professor if you need help on your projects. If, however, you need to meet at a time when your professor is not available or if you are simply more comfortable meeting with someone who is not grading your work, Capstone classes have Graduate Assistants (GAs) who are able to help you in a number of ways, including brainstorming topics and editing rough drafts. The GA for 2013-14 is Rachel Curtis. Additionally, you can make use of the services offered by the Writing Center, the Speech Lab, and the Peer Research Consultant service offered by the library. Finally, if you are having difficulty with research, you can set up an appointment with Hazel McClure, the Library Liason for English.
Are the Spring/Summer sections of Capstone easier than sections in the regular semesters?
In a word: no. You will be doing the same amount of work in a shorter time frame. We strongly advise that you make Capstone your only Spring/Summer course if possible, and strongly recommend that if you must take more than one Spring/Summer course, you make Capstone your only 400-level one. The course demands a great deal of work and focus, and limiting your other work will increase your chances of success.
What is the best way to prepare for Capstone?
The Capstone course is intended to allow you to explore deeply some topic that has been of interest to you as an English major. To prepare, you'll want to think carefully about each of your classes, about books you've read and papers you've written. Which of these has resonated with you the most? Is there is something you want to follow up on? Additionally, you might think about gaps you perceive as you look back over your major. If you've never had the chance to write about a particular novel that you love, or if you want to know more about working with a particular student population, for example, these are things you might end up investigating in your thesis project. The best projects are inspired by their authors passionate interest in their subject. What are you most passionate about?


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Johnny Freund's '61 Impala
They say kids at a certain age are impressionable and for Johnny Freund, who still lives in the town where he grew up, he can easily recall the guys who had all the cool cars long before he was allowed his driver's license. For Johnny, it seems destiny had foretold that cars would always be in his blood. It was that reason, or maybe because he was always hanging around, that when Dempsey Hunter opened his own parts store in 1968 in Nashville he told Johnny, "Well, if you're going to be hanging around here, I'm going to put you to work." Johnny respected Hunter a great deal and, over the years, often looked upon him like a second father.
From then until now, it's the only job Johnny has known. In 1988, after working at Hunter's for 20 years, Johnny was able to purchase the business from the family after Hunter died, but he kept the name the same. Through the '90s Johnny helped lots of people customize their rides and Hunter's Custom Automotive became the exclusive East Coast distributor for Boyds Wheels. Friends with Coddington as well as local hot rod builders such as Bobby Alloway meant there was always something special in Johnny's garage, and many of those cars have been featured in STREET RODDER, as well as other national magazines through the years.
Currently, Johnny owns a '67 Corvette and a chopped '55 Chevy, but he found this '61 Impala a few years back and didn't care much for its white paintjob, so he worked with Street Machinery in Cleveland to redo the car from the ground up. Originally the car was from California and it had found its way to Tennessee, and the only repair work needed was the replacement of the rockers. After the car was taken to Street Machinery, they had all the trim off the car and the interior ripped out inside of five hours.
Though the car was a driver when he bought it, Johnny wanted to replace the 283 and Powerglide combo with a 383 backed to a TH350 trans. The motor is a crate unit from Edelbrock, and came topped with two-fours and loads of Edelbrock equipment. Up front a serpentine system from Billet Specialties was installed, and the car was soon fitted with an A/C system from Vintage Air. Sanderson headers help draw exhaust out to the Flowmaster mufflers.
Street Machinery, a shop that can work on any make or model but has experience with late-'50s/early-'60s cars, used a Victory Red color off a GM pickup and PPG paint materials to transform the bubbletop in to a showstopping, red-on-red cruiser. Each corner has airbags from RideTech, and big 20×8.5 and 22×10 Billet Specialties wheels, wrapped in BFGoodrich 245/35-20 and 285/35-22 hides, were fitted without any major body or frame modifications.
Inside the car Johnny wanted to update the upholstery a bit because he liked what Chevy did with their Impala interiors in 1963, so that look has a heavy influence in his '61. Dave Studer did the stitching, which included adding '63-style buttons to the red leather before being stretched over a '63 front (with the chrome trim around the backpiece) and rear seats. Mercedes red wool carpet was also used and three small Classic Instruments gauges were added below the speedometer to the otherwise stock-appearing dash. Vents for the Vintage Air A/C, a shifter from Lokar Performance, and a Billet Specialties steering wheel bolted to a Flaming River tilt column are the only other giveaways that the interior isn't stock.
With all the stainless and chrome trim pieces re-plated by Leonard's Plating back on the car, Johnny was ready to start driving his ride around town. Now with more than 2,000 miles rolled up on the odometer, the car still looks as good as it did when first finished, and Johnny is thinking about a '65 Rivi project next. Now in their 44th year, Hunter's Custom Automotive is still supplying hot rodders with what they need to get their cars on the road, and we can bet ol' Dempsey Hunter is smiling down on Johnny, satisfied the kid has done good.


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Spirit in Motion
by Shmuel Ross
Related Links
The Paralympics are the second-largest sports competition in the world, after the Olympics; the 2016 Summer Games will include about 4,350 athletes from 176 nations—almost a four-fold increase from 2012, which hosted 1,100 Paralympians. They include athletes with spinal cord injuries; amputated limbs; blindness or other visual impairments; cerebral palsy; mental handicaps; and various other disabilities, including multiple sclerosis and dwarfism. The Paralympics are coordinated by the International Paralympic Committee, founded in 1989 (succeeding several committees that had existed before then), which is the only international organization representing all sports and disabilities.
Like the Olympics, the Paralympics are a competition of people with the highest athletic ability. They should not be confused with the Special Olympics, which are open to all children and adults with intellectual disabilities, no matter the level of athletic ability.
Name and Motto
The name "Paralympics" comes from the Greek prefix "para-" (in this context, "beside" or "alongside") and "Olympics." "Parallel Olympics" approximates the intended meaning. It has nothing to do with "paralysis" or "paraplegia." Its motto was "Mind, Body, Spirit" from 1994 through 2003, and is now "Spirit in Motion."
The 2016 Summer Games feature events in 23 sports, 18 of which are also Olympic sports: Archery, Athletics (Track and Field), Wheelchair Basketball, Cycling Road, Cycling Track, Canoe Sprint, Equestrian, Wheelchair Fencing, soccer 5-a-side, soccer 7-a-side, Judo, Sailing, Shooting, Swimming, Table Tennis, Wheelchair Tennis, Triathlon, Volleyball, and Rowing. The other four are Boccia, Goalball, Powerlifting, and Wheelchair Rugby.
Stoke Mandeville Games
The story of the Paralympics begins with Dr. Ludwig Guttman of Stoke Mandeville Hospital in England. In 1944, he began using sports as a form of recreation and physical therapy for veterans of World War II with spinal cord injuries. In 1948, on the day that the Olympic Summer Games opened in London, he organized the Stoke Mandeville Games, a competition for wheelchair athletes. This became an annual event, and, in 1952, it achieved international standing, as athletes from the Netherlands joined the competition. This competition—now known as the World Wheelchair Games—is still held annually, except in years with Paralympic Summer Games. With the Paralympics back in London in 2012, the International Organizing Committee's (IOC) choice of name for this year's mascot, Mandeville, seems more than appropriate.
Paralympic Games
The first Paralympic Games took place in Rome, a week after the 1960 Summer Olympic Games were held there. 400 athletes with spinal cord injuries from 23 countries competed in eight sports, including snooker, fencing, field events, basketball, swimming, table tennis, archery, and the pentathlon. In 1964, they were again held in the same venue as the Olympics, in Tokyo. In 1968, Mexico City (home of that year's Olympics) declined to host the Paralympics, so they moved to Tel Aviv instead. From then until 1988, the Paralympics continued to be held in locations other than the Olympics.
The 1972 Paralympics included the first competition for quadraplegics, and demonstration events for the visually impaired. In 1976, the visually impaired, amputees, and "les autres"—a catchall term embracing many sorts of motor disabilities—were fully included for the first time. 1976 also brought the first Paralympic Winter Games, featuring events in Alpine and Nordic skiing for visually impaired athletes and amputees.
Partnership with Olympics
The Paralympics have continued to grow, and the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul were once again held in the same venues as the Olympics. They have been held together ever since. In 2001, it was officially agreed that all future Olympics and Paralympics will be held in the same venues, with host cities bidding to get both as a package deal.


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2-DIN Multimedia DVD Receiver with 5.8" Widescreen Touch Display and USB Direct Control for iPod®/iPhone®
The AVH-P1400DVD DVD multimedia receiver features a 5.8" touchscreen display and USB direct control for iPod®/iPhone®. This entry-level receiver comes packed with the essentials, but ready to upgrade when you are. The newly updated and innovative user interface makes direct operation of the unit stress-free by eliminating complicated layered selection displays, so access to desired functions is smoother and simpler than ever. A variety of multimedia options ensures that you will be properly entertained. Customizable audio and video functions make it easy to suit your mood
Pandora® is personalized internet radio that is designed to help you discover new music that you'll love mixed in with music that you already know. With the AVH-P1400DVD, you can enjoy superior sound quality and full control of the Pandora experience in your car directly from the touchscreen display of the receiver. You are able to give tracks "thumbs up" or "thumbs down," bookmark a song so you can purchase it later, easily switch between your personalized radio stations, and view full track data and album art.
In-dash control for Pandora is compatible with Apple iOS. Simply download the free Pandora Radio app to your iPhone or iPod Touch and connect it to the AVH-P1400DVD with the CD-IU51V interface cable (sold separately) and take your music to the next level.
Pioneer's AVH-P1400DVD is ready to roll with direct connectivity to your iPod or iPhone for music and video via the optional USB interface cable (CD-IU51V interface cable sold separately). Song, artist, time and album information are beautifully displayed on the 5.8" touchscreen. Powerful tools such as Link Search and Alphabet Search to help you find content faster. The system's wired USB connection provides direct digital signal transfer from the device for clean, clear sound while providing 1 amp of current to keep your iPod or iPhone charged
With App Mode you can enjoy listening and viewing the content on select compatible apps directly on the receiver's display from a connected iPhone or iPod Touch. Limited controls such as track forward or reverse may be executed from the receiver.
Note: Not all apps will be compatible with App Mode and App Mode will provide limited, if any, control over the app.
Select among five (Blue/Red/Amber/Green/Violet) colors for the display and 112 different colors to match unit illumination to your vehicle's interior lighting. Also choose from several background images to suit your mood.
Easily upgrade to navigation with the addition of the AVIC-U220 add-on navigation system. This versatile hideaway unit allows you you to switch to navigation mode with the touch of a button. Get to your destination by inputting an address or search through the POI library while enjoying whatever source is currently playing.
Enjoy channels upon channels of commercial-free music, sports, talk, weather, traffic, and more! The AVH-P1400DVD is ready to accept a compatible satellite radio tuner so you can listen and control to your favorite stations wherever you go, direcly from the receiver touchscreen. Currently, Pioneer offers the GEX-P920XM add-on XM Radio Tuner (tuner and subscription sold separately) or the CD-SB10 SIRIUS Bus Interface for SIRIUS Satellite Radio (also requires SCC1 SiriusConnect Universal Vehicle Tuner and subscription that are both sold separately).


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About the Calmentor Program
A. Program Overview
Caltrans Division of Engineering Services (DES) supports the Architectural & Engineering (A&E) mentor-protégé program known as "Calmentor." By partnering with the American Council of Engineering Companies (ACEC), the Calmentor Program promotes partnership with the private consulting industry. The Calmentor Program is consistent with the Governor's Executive Order No. S-11-06 to encourage new businesses, grow existing businesses, and promote small and emerging business contracting with the State of California. Calmentor supports the participation of certified Small Business Enterprise (SBE), Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE), and Disabled Veterans Business Enterprises (DVBE) firms. Voluntary participation in the program is through acceptance and screening of completed applications from mentors and protégés. The DES support of the program is a continued commitment to promote the interests and cause of each established District Calmentor Program. New applicants can apply to a program which is convenient for them.
B. Mission Statement
The mission of the Calmentor Program is to increase the pool of small firms participating in transportation projects by providing them opportunities to network and partner with larger, established firms.
C. Goals and Objectives
- Establish a mentoring Program that pairs small firms with larger, established firms in the same field of expertise.
- Enhance the growth potential of small firms.
- Ensure that both small and large firms have equal opportunities to participate in transportation projects.
- Establish a clear, accessible entry point for small firms that want to do business with Caltrans or other public agencies.
- Develop business relationships that foster new opportunities for both large and small firms.
- Encourage small firms to obtain certification from appropriate agencies.
- Increase the pool of small businesses.
D. Participants
Participants of the Program are Mentors, Protégés, Sponsors, and/or Steering Committee members. Mentors are large, established firms who are typically prime consultants willing to commit time to help small firms achieve their growth potential. Protégés are small firms who are seeking A&E contracts with Caltrans or other public agencies. Caltrans is the program's primary sponsor whose aim is to facilitate the growth of small firms. Any public or local organization may join to co-sponsor the Program.
E. Program Organization
Steering Committees guide and maintain the Calmentor Program and have the following roles:
- Establishes Program goals and objectives and ensures that they are fulfilled.
- Sets Program policies and procedures.
- Reviews agreements.
- Establishes the grievance protocol.
- Helps resolve disagreements.
- Evaluates Program performance.
- Collects historical information on how the Program is proceeding.
- Serves as an advisory body to Caltrans.
F. Application to the Program
New members are currently being accepted. New applicants can apply to a program which is convenient for them.
- North Region Districts 1, 2, 3
- District 4
- Central Region Districts 5, 6, 10
- Southern California Alliance Districts 7, 8, 12
- District 11


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Carolyn Quattrocki may not be well known to most Marylanders, but she is a longtime Annapolis insider. So it's not surprising that the former special assistant to then-Attorney General J. Joseph Curran Jr. and former deputy legislative officer under Gov. Martin O'Malley was chosen by the governor to lead the state's health reform efforts.
As executive director of the Governor's Office of Health Care Reform, Quattrocki is overseeing the state's health reform efforts. Consumers can begin buying insurance on an exchange in October in time for the rollout of reform in January. The 54-year-old mother of four, who balances texting her children with tough policy work, said the job has its intense moments. But she relishes the challenge.
Why do you think we need health reform?
We have 750,000 people here in Maryland who don't have that basic sense of security and a key to their well-being which is access to health insurance coverage. And they are just one accident or one illness away from bankruptcy. I got a taste of that myself last summer. The irony is I was at a health care reform conference. I was jogging and tripped and fell and broke my knee really badly. It was thousand of dollars in medical bills. I am incredibly lucky that I didn't have to worry about the lion's share of those costs.
The other reason [is] that our health care costs are growing at an unsustainable rate.
Some analysts indicate that young single adults will see severe increases in premiums. How will your agency address that?
We are hopeful that premiums will still be quite reasonable. For example, a 25-year-old non-smoker will have access to regular plans in the Exchange as low as $114-$124 per month. ... Many young people will be more likely to qualify for advanced premium tax credits and cost-sharing assistance. … We are working hard to get the message out to young adults.
Is one of the obstacles convincing people they can afford health insurance?
We do need to convince people who have their whole lives assumed they would not be able to afford health coverage and assumed they wouldn't qualify. We need to get the message to them.
What do you do to stay healthy?
I am back to running again after a year. I do that to say healthy, and it is also a release of stress for me.
Do you have unhealthy habits that you want to work on?
People recognize me around Annapolis as the woman who carries the large canister of coffee. So I will say that I could cut down on my caffeine and be much better off.
What do you think of the term Obamacare?
It's funny because the president and his administration seemed initially not to embrace the term, and early on I thought to myself, "I wonder why?" Because it is such a positive sea change. People will look back and realize in much the way people look back at Social Security and Medicare as being something that turned out to be an unbelievably positive development in a way that we take care of one another in this country.
Is there anything about this job that makes you wake up in the middle of the night?
Absolutely. That may be another unhealthy habit — waking up in the middle of the night and worrying. But the stakes are high. I think the Affordable Care Act presents a very simple proposition: that it is unacceptable that we have so many people without health insurance coverage and we need to fix that. And we also need to control costs and enhance outcomes. That is a very simple goal, but the devil is in the details. But those concerns have also been an unbelievably gratifying part of this undertaking.


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