text:
Film noir, (French: "dark film") style of filmmaking characterized by such elements as cynical heroes, stark lighting effects, frequent use of flashbacks, intricate plots, and an underlying existentialist philosophy. The genre was prevalent mostly in American crime dramas of the post-World War II era.
The golden age of film noir
The cinema of the disenchanted
Early examples of the noir style include dark, stylized detective films such as John Huston's The Maltese Falcon (1941), Frank Tuttle's This Gun for Hire (1942), Otto Preminger's Laura (1944), and Edward Dmytryk's Murder, My Sweet (1944). Banned in occupied countries during the war, these films became available throughout Europe beginning in 1946. French cineastes admired them for their cold, cynical characters and dark, brooding style, and they afforded the films effusive praise in French journals such as Cahiers du cinéma. French critics coined the term film noir in reference to the low-keyed lighting used to enhance these dramas stylistically—although the term would not become commonplace in international critical circles until the publication of the book Panorama du film noir americain (1955) by Raymond Borde and Étienne Chaumeton.
The darkness of these films reflected the disenchantment of the times. Pessimism and disillusionment became increasingly present in the American psyche during the Great Depression of the 1930s and the world war that followed. After the war, factors such as an unstable peacetime economy, McCarthyism, and the looming threat of atomic warfare manifested themselves in a collective sense of uncertainty. The corrupt and claustrophobic world of film noir embodied these fears. Several examples of film noir, such as Dmytryk's Cornered (1945), George Marshall's The Blue Dahlia (1946), Robert Montgomery's Ride the Pink Horse (1947), and John Cromwell's Dead Reckoning (1947), share the common story line of a war veteran who returns home to find that the way of life for which he has been fighting no longer exists. In its place is the America of film noir: modernized, heartless, coldly efficient, and blasé about matters such as political corruption and organized crime.
Many of the major directors of film noir—such as Huston, Dmytryk, Cromwell, Orson Welles, and others—were American. However, other Hollywood directors renowned for a film noir style hailed from Europe, including Billy Wilder, Alfred Hitchcock, Jacques Tourneur, and Fritz Lang. It is said that the themes of noir attracted European directors, who often felt like outsiders within the Hollywood studio system. Such directors had been trained to emphasize cinematic style as much as acting and narrative in order to convey thought and emotion.
Defining the genre
Controversy exists as to whether film noir can be classified as a genre or subgenre, or if the term merely refers to stylistic elements common to various genres. Film noir does not have a thematic coherence: the term is most often applied to crime dramas, but certain westerns and comedies have been cited as examples of film noir by some critics. Even such sentimental comedy-dramas as Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life (1946) have been cited as "noir-ish" by critics who find in its suicidal hero and bleak depiction of small-town life a tone suitably dismal for film noir. Such films are also sometimes designated as "semi-noir," or film gris ("gray film"), to indicate their hybrid status.
Other critics argue that film noir is but an arbitrary designation for a multitude of dissimilar black-and-white dramas of the late 1940s and early '50s. Film scholar Chris Fujiwara contends that the makers of such films "didn't think of them as 'films noir'; they thought they were making crime films, thrillers, mysteries, and romantic melodramas. The nonexistence of 'noir' as a production category during the supposed heyday of noir obviously problematizes the history of the genre." Yet it cannot be questioned that film noir connotes specific visual images and an aura of postwar cynicism in the minds of most film buffs. Indeed, several common characteristics connect most films defined as "noir."
The isolation from society of the typical noir hero was underscored by the use of stark high-contrast lighting—the most notable visual feature of film noir. The shadowy noir style can be traced to the German Expressionist cinema of the silent era. Robert Wiene's Das Kabinett des Doktor Caligari (1920; The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari) contains one of the best early examples of the lighting techniques used to inspire the genre. Wiene used visual elements to help define the title character's madness, including tilted cameras to present skewed images and a dark atmosphere in which only the faces of the actors were visible. This Expressionistic style was later used by German directors such as Fritz Lang (Metropolis, 1927; M, 1931) and F.W. Murnau (Nosferatu, 1922; Sunrise, 1927).
These lighting effects were used in Hollywood by cinematographers such as Gregg Toland (Citizen Kane, 1941), John F. Seitz (Double Indemnity, 1944), Karl Freund (Key Largo, 1948), and Sid Hickox (The Big Sleep, 1948) to heighten the sombre tone of films in the genre. Classic images of noir included rain-soaked streets in the early morning hours; street lamps with shimmering halos; flashing neon signs on seedy taverns, diners, and apartment buildings; and endless streams of cigarette smoke wafting in and out of shadows. Such images would lose their indelibility with realistic lighting or colour cinematography.
The omniscient narrator and the flashback
The inherent subjectivity of Expressionism is also evident in film noir's use of narration and flashback. An omniscient, metaphor-spouting narrator (often the central character, a world-weary private eye) frequently clarifies a characteristically labyrinthine noir plot or offers a subjective, jaded point of view. In other films—such as Welles's Citizen Kane and Wilder's Double Indemnity and Sunset Boulevard (1950)—the denouement (often the death or downfall of the central character) is revealed in the opening scenes; flashbacks then tell of the circumstances that led to the tragic conclusion. Tension and suspense are increased by the use of all-knowing narrators and flashbacks, in that the audience is always cognizant of impending doom.
The noir hero
The heroes of noir generally share certain qualities, such as moral ambiguity, a fatalistic outlook, and alienation from society. They also exhibit an existential acceptance of random, arbitrary occurrences as being the determining factors in life. Although the "hard-boiled detective" is the stereotypical noir hero, the central male characters in film noir range from drifters (John Garfield in Tay Garnett's The Postman Always Rings Twice, 1946) to college professors (Edward G. Robinson in Lang's The Woman in the Window, 1944). The ethics that these characters espouse are often borne more of personal code than true concern for their fellow man. For example, Humphrey Bogart (the actor perhaps most associated with the genre) as private eye Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon is emotionally indifferent to the murder of his partner and avenges his death primarily because "when one of your organization gets killed, it's bad business to let the killer get away with it." Such compassionless pragmatism is found in the most noble, as well as the most tarnished, of noir heroes. The weakest of such characters exhibit an abundance of tragic flaws, often including an uncontrollable lust for duplicitous women.
Noir women
Noir women are often characterized as femme fatales or "spider women"; in the words of one critic, they are "comfortable in the world of cheap dives, shadowy doorways, and mysterious settings." Well aware of their sexual attractiveness, they cunningly and ruthlessly manipulate their male counterparts to gain power or wealth; for example, by conspiring to murder an aged, wheelchair-bound (i.e., impotent) spouse. A quintessential example of the noir temptress is Kathie Moffat, as portrayed by Jane Greer in Tourneur's Out of the Past (1947). While flirting with Robert Mitchum's character in a Mexican café, she describes a local night spot that she thinks would be to his liking. As she leaves the café, she turns to Mitchum and coyly says "I sometimes go there"—at which point, the viewer familiar with the noir genre knows that Mitchum is on a one-way path to destruction. Nevertheless, the women of film noir often evoke sympathy, as they are frequently victims of emotional or physical abuse, with such victimization providing impetus for their vengeance. They are trapped in passionless or violent marriages and resort to murder as a means of escape, usually destroying their conspiring paramours in the process.
The legacy of film noir
During the 1950s film noir continued to deal with the disillusionment of the outsider, often presenting him as a confused member of a repressive society. Nunnally Johnson's The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (1956) examined a businessman's attempt to find meaning in his work and home life. Pickup on South Street (1953), directed by Samuel Fuller, attacked postwar American capitalism; its central character is a man who accidentally acquires a top-secret microfilm but will only part with it for a price, no matter how that may jeopardize the safety of his country. Hitchcock's Strangers on a Train (1951) went so far as to examine the brooding outsider's attempt to change his own environment through a murder contract with another outsider. More often, however, the outsider is an inherently noble figure in a futile battle with corruption, as in Welles's Touch of Evil (1958), cited by a plurality of film critics as the final film of the golden age of film noir.
In later years, elements of noir could be found in the work of younger directors influenced by the style, including, in the 1950s and '60s, members of the French New Wave such as Jean-Luc Godard and François Truffaut, both of whom had been critics and essayists for Cahiers du cinéma. Beginning in the 1970s, the cinematography and mood of noir were also exhibited by American directors in films such as Don Siegel's Dirty Harry (1971); Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather (1972) and The Godfather, Part II (1974); Robert Altman's The Long Goodbye (1973); Roman Polanski's Chinatown (1974); Lawrence Kasdan's Body Heat (1981); and Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976) and Raging Bull (1980).
Filmmakers of the 1980s and '90s, influenced more by the homages of the 1970s than the actual noir productions of the 1940s and '50s, often employed elements of film noir in an offbeat context. Ridley Scott's science-fiction drama Blade Runner (1982) revisited the use of set design to enhance the mood, an idea that can be traced back to The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. Richard Tuggle's Tightrope (1984) features film noir's theme of disillusionment in a police officer who discovers he is as much an outsider as the criminal he is pursuing. Perhaps the best contemporary examples of the genre are Curtis Hanson's L.A. Confidential (1997), a bleak story of corrupt cops, and Joel and Ethan Coen's The Man Who Wasn't There (2001), a similarly dark story inspired by the crime novels of James M. Cain. Both films are presented in classic film noir style, the latter in black-and-white. Later examples include Sin City (2005) and Scorsese's Shutter Island (2010).
Despite recognition of the elements common to film noir, most scholars and critics continue to employ their own definitions as to what constitutes the noir style. Nevertheless, the golden era of film noir—the late 1940s through the early '50s—is regarded as a benchmark period in American filmmaking, as well as a strong cultural checkpoint for the values of postwar America.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
history of the motion picture: Decline of the Hollywood studios
…of Death, 1947); and the film noir, whose dark, fatalistic interpretations of contemporary American reality are unique in the industry's history (Tay Garnett's The Postman Always Rings Twice, 1946; Orson Welles's The Lady from Shanghai, 1947; Jacques Tourneur's Out of the Past, 1947; Abraham Polonsky's Force of Evil, 1948).…
Fritz Lang: Films of the 1940s…thematic and visual elements of film noir into his work as early as
You Only Live Once, his full embrace of that influential filmmaking style coincided with the flourishing of its golden age in the mid-1940s. Given German Expressionism's huge influence on film noir, it is unsurprising that Lang would…
Otto Preminger: Laura and costume dramas>film noir classic that established his reputation as a talented but tough director—his volatile temper earned him the nicknames "Otto the Terrible" and "Otto the Ogre"—and that began his career-long exploration of human obsession. He originally was set to produce and direct the film, which…
Richard Fleischer: Early life and work…considered a leading example of film noir; it featured Charles McGraw as a police detective on the trail of a gang leader (William Talman). Fleischer enjoyed further success with
The Narrow Margin(1952), one of the best noirs of its day. The taut thriller centres on a policeman (McGraw) who…
Robert Aldrich: Early work
…(1955), one of the great film noirs and perhaps the genre's grittiest. Aldrich's genius was taking something that had already gone too far—Mickey Spillane's best-selling paperback mystery—and exaggerating it even further, with Ralph Meeker well cast as the ruthless private eye Mike Hammer.…
More About Film noir13 references found in Britannica articles
Assorted References
- motion-picture history
contribution by
- Bennett
- In Joan Bennett
- Garfield
- Lang
- Mitchum
- Preminger
significance of
- "Armored Car Robbery"
- "Big Heat, The"
- In The Big Heat
- "Double Indemnity"
- "Kiss Me Deadly"


text:
Game Day
Dope Sheet
Other links:
On Twitter: #GBvsMIN
The Metrodome will be rocking, at least to start. It's going to sound a lot like 2009 there. For many reasons (proximity being a big one) there are usually a lot of Packer fans at the game, we'll have to see how many are able to secure tickets this year.
The Vikings, at 9 and 6 must defeat the Packers to make the playoffs. If they do, the mostly likely scenario is that they'll play again in the Wild Card round at Lambeau. With a loss to the Vikings, the Packers would need both the 49ers and Seahawks to lose in order to retain the bye. Since that's not happening, a win would be a good idea.
Aaron Nagler pointed out on twitter that Rodgers got 4 free plays vs the Vikings via hard count four weeks ago. He'll have one less weapon at his disposal in the Metrodome. There were also 6 offensive line penalties a month ago; 5 holding calls and a false start on EDS.
Adrian Peterson is at 1,898 yards on 314 carries for the season. He'll need 208 yards to break Dickerson's record. It seems more likely that he can get at least 109 yards, which would move him past Chris Johnson into the top 5. Another couple yards and he moves past Terrell Davis (I also just noticed that Dickerson is on that list 3 times).
Kyle Rudolph has 9 TDs, trailing only Gronkowski amongst the tight ends.
C.J. Wilson had full participation today after yesterdays padded practice which is great news. With Jerel Worthy also back the DL has enough bodies to rotate again.
Everson Griffen got a lot of work last week when Brian Robison didn't play. Even if Robison can go (and that seems likely), the Packers will likely see a lot of Griffen.
Antoine Winfield, the old man of the Viking DB crew broke a bone in his hand last week but is expected to play (officially he hasn't practiced and is questionable) with a club of some sort. Both Rodgers and McCarthy had nothing but kind words this week for Winfield. Chris Cook has finally returned to the field for the Vikings but in the past both Nelson and Jennings have had their way with him. He had a pretty nice season going before breaking his arm in week 8. That's one of the big match ups to watch this week.
Sitton had a concussion against the Titans and is still working his way through the protocol. He was up to full participation on Friday and looks likely to play.
Nelson is back, hopefully for good. I'm not getting excited this time, we've been here a couple times already.
Cobb is questionable, although he did participate in drill work today.
At this point, Woodson and Starks are the only players I still have in red (outside the IR guys) on my roster diagram.
Last week of the regular season... and we still have playoff implications. Enjoy the game!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Title - FAUST:NOBODY KNOWS IF IT EVER HAPPENED
Artist - FAUST
Cat no - ANKST 117
Format DVD
Rel Date - 23.04.2007
Distribution Shellshock (uk) / RerMegacorp (row)
In the midst of Faust musik time ticks like a bomb
A remarkable performance the intensity of sound and
spectacle is palpable THE WIRE
Its an all action show action painting , action sculpture , action-playing .
When the lights go up , the scene is one of devastation. MOJO
Avant-Garde chaos NME
ANKSTMUSIK are proud to announce the DVD release of the concert film FAUST:NOBODY KNOWS IF IT EVER HAPPENED . Following on from successful screenings at the ICA in London and at selected uk film festivals this unique concert movie is now available to buy on DVD .
On Sunday 1st of December 1996 legendary Krautrock pioneers FAUST played an explosive concert at The Garage , London. NOBODY KNOWS IF IT EVER HAPPENED is a record of that extraordinary concert. The film is faithful to the sound, fury and disorientation of their performance as it takes the viewer into the thrilling here and now of that packed venue on that winter evening
... The bands usual instrumentation was augmented on the night by amplified power tools , arc welders , hay threshing machinery and in an evening of action painting , nudity , destruction and creation the band more than lived up to their promise of creating more of a happening than a standard concert. The film features original members Jean Herve Peron, Hans Joachim Irmler and Werner Zappi Diermaier with special guests guitarist Steven Wray Lobdell and sculptress Insa Winkler .
This DVD edition includes STRUKTUR - an exclusive fifty minute behind the scenes document shot by the late Arthur Howes , also included is a bonus performance of the classic track FLASHBACK CARUSO and specially commissioned liner notes from Andy Wilson author of the recently released FAUST book Stretch Out Time .
Nobody Knows .. is producer/director Emyr Glyn Williams second production for Ankstmusik.
His first cinema film - the Bafta (Wales) winning Y LLEILL ( THE OTHERS) will be appearing on DVD later on in 2007.
A remarkable performance ,a feat of stamina that proves these Germans could still handle the kind of eclectic scene shifting they achieved on their classic Krautrock albums of the early 70s . It also proved they could rock and the intensity of sound and spectacle is palpable .They are in their own world, on their own time ,absorbed in their own devilish pact.
They no longer live in a commune but judging by this performance theyve lost none of their instinct for the unusual. It is almost a continuation of their shows from 1973-4 a belated picking up of the baton they so noisily dropped back then, and a resumption of the spirit of Krautrock. Who knows what theyll be up to in 25 years time ?
Since Faust introduced metallic percussion into the rock vocabulary , groups such as Test Dept,Pere Ubu and Ensturzende Neubauten may have popularised the notion further ,but none have approached their task with such obvious art-terrorist gusto. Its not all noise and industry.Interspersed between the more demanding pieces are a few pristine miniatures.
At the opposite extreme the threshing machine doesnt disappoint.
I dont know whether it was art but it was certainly entertaining.


text:
Microsoft has announced that Windows XP Mode Release Candidate for Windows 7 is now available for download. According to the company, many applications that currently run on Windows XP-based or Windows Vista-based PCs should just run natively on Windows 7. Microsoft refers to Windows XP Mode as "last mile" compatibility technology for cases when a Windows XP productivity application isn't compatible with Windows 7. Users can run and launch Windows XP productivity applications in Windows XP Mode directly from a Windows 7 desktop.
New features in Windows XP Mode RC include:
- You can now attach USB devices to Windows XP Mode applications directly from the Windows 7 task-bar. This means your USB devices, such as printers and flash drives, are available to applications running in Windows XP Mode, without the need to go into full screen mode.
- You can now access Windows XP Mode applications with a "jump-list". Right click on the Windows XP Mode applications from the Windows 7 task bar to select and open most recently used files.
- You now have the flexibility of customizing where Windows XP Mode differencing disk files are stored.
- You can now disable drive sharing between Windows XP Mode and Windows 7 if you do not need that feature.
Windows XP Mode RC requires RC or RTM version of Windows 7 Professional, Ultimate or Enterprise. It also requires additional 1 GB of RAM, 15 GB of available disk space, and processor capable of hardware virtualization with AMD-V or Intel VT turned on in the BIOS.


text:
* Required Fields
The Restaurant will be in touch with you shortly to confirm your table booking.
We thank you for using our online table booking service.
Sorry, Menu is not present for this restaurant!
Earn PagePoints for writing a restaurant review.Bonus points for first review!
Upon successful registration of a friend, we will award you with PagePoints!


text:
Handpainted Wooden Spanish Fan
Click to Enlarge
Product Number
9.00 Inches
16.50 Inches
Shipping Time
Ships within 24-48 hours
TWO SIDED HAND PAINTED FAN COLLECTION. Comes in a case and a box.
Color: Dark Blue background with beautiful Flower Designs on both sides of the fan.
This Spanish handpainted wooden fan is a high quality traditional imported fan from the most prestigious manufacturer in Spain. The fan has been
signed by the artisan
who hand painted this piece. It is a very useful item during hot summer days and nights, it fits perfectly in your purse so you can take it to any event like weddings, dinners, etc.
Return Policy: Items must be shipped back to us within 48 hours from delivery. All items must be shipped back unused.
This fan is made out of light weight-wood so it is easy on your wrist when you use it. It is perfect as a decorative accent piece, or to collect (there are many styles), we have stands available especially for fans. They are a work of art in every detail. Each fan comes in a box. Unfortunately pictures don´t reflect the true beauty of these pieces, but we guarantee your satisfaction.
Online Catalog
About Our Products
Business Accounts
Return Policy
Contact Us
View Cart
To find out when new products
arrive, enter email here.
Copyright 2002-2019 SpanishPlates.com
Privacy Policy


text:
It's down to the top 5 on "The Voice," and two will go home this week ahead of next week's finals. All the remaining singers deserve not only to have made it this far in the competition but also to carve out real careers and make names for themselves in the music industry moving forward.
However, on Monday night's show, on which Usher worked up a sweat performing his new single "Good Kisser" and each contestant sang two songs – one dedicated to fans, friends and family and another selected by his or her coach -- a few clear candidates for the finals, and perhaps the win, started to emerge.
It's hard to predict how America will vote, of course, and each singer surely has his or her dedicated bloc of supporters: the country-music lovers, the rock 'n' rollers, the pop fans, the hopeless romantics. But here's how I'd rank the top 5 in order of most to least likely to win -- based on nothing more than my gut:
Josh Kaufman (Team Usher)
Dedication: John Legend's "All of Me"
Coach pick: OneRepublic's "Love Runs Out"
Kaufman poured his velvety vocals, silky-soulful sound and heart into Legend's "All of Me," which he'd dedicated to his wife and children as well as to his hometown supporters, then went from riveting to rollicking, kicking it into high gear on Usher's pick for him, OneRepublic's "Love Runs Out," performing it as if it were his own mega-hit. Blake Shelton called the first performance "beautiful and powerful" and said Kaufman was unquestionably destined for the finale – and deserved to be. What's more, Shelton said, "You bring a lot of credibility to this show." It was a surprisingly strong endorsement from an opposing coach, and Shelton also expressed appreciation for Kaufman's second performance, saying that when the singer rocks out, he grabs the song "by the throat," and complimenting his command and control. "You're a natural-born killer singer, man," Shelton told him.
Christina Grimmie (Team Adam)
Dedication: fun.'s "Some Nights"
Coach pick: Imogen Heap's "Hide and Seek"
Adam Levine made a risky move on Grimmie's behalf by having her sing part of his pick for her, Heap's "Hide and Seek," through a voice processor called a vocoder. The other coaches were so-so on how it all turned out, but Levine was unrepentant, saying he and his team were "sick of" seeing everyone do the same old thing and he wanted to "surprise" and "impress" people and to make them "uncomfortable a little bit so that hopefully they can embrace some music they've never heard before." Grimmie rolled back the risk factor and upped the uncomplicated fun factor with fun.'s "Some Nights," which she dedicated to her hometown supporters and friends. The coaches were a bit distracted by the legions of balloons that dropped in as Grimmie finished singing – "Apparently, you won," Shelton quipped – but Shakira noted that, whether or not Grimmie actually did win, she should keep doing her thing because she was "so creative."
Jake Worthington (Team Blake)
Dedication: Waylon Jennings' "Good Ol' Boys"
Coach pick: Bryan Adams' "Heaven"
Before Worthington stepped out and sang Jennings' "Good Ol' Boys," which he dedicated to his pals back home in Texas, he told us he'd been a member of the Future Farmers of America. Of course he was! And though he'd clearly been struggling with his voice in the days leading up to Monday's live show, Worthington gave what may have been his vocally strongest performance yet with Jennings' country classic. Usher suggested Worthington's country appeal could win the whole thing. Levine said he was "as real and genuine as it gets," saying he should "have a 'made in America' stamp" across him at all times. Shelton hailed his team member for proudly representing "traditional country music." Shelton's pick for Worthington, Bryan Adams' "Heaven," was less impressive, falling a little flat at times, but the coach was no less proud, telling the 18-year-old country singer he "would be proud to share this stage" – any stage – with him "for the rest of my life."
Kristen Merlin (Team Shakira)
Dedication: Miranda Lambert's "Gunpowder and Lead"
Coach pick: Jewel's "Foolish Games"
Merlin dedicated Lambert's "Gunpowder and Lead" to her fans back home in Massachusetts, just because it was boot-stomping fun. Shelton, who is, of course, married to Lambert, noted that Merlin had sung the song with a smile on her face, which differed from Lambert's angry delivery, but generously said he'd thought both approaches worked. Merlin's coach, Shakira, pulled out all the complimentary stops, calling Merlin a "rock star" and a representative of "all the minorities out there" and underdogs everywhere, as well as a "hard worker," a "great person" and an "excellent performer." Shakira's pick for Merlin, Jewel's "Foolish Games," was actually the better selection for her. "That's the most connected that I've ever seen you be with a lyric," Shelton told her, adding that Merlin had "dumped her heart and soul into" it and moved him.
Kat Perkins (Team Adam)
Dedication: "Let It Go" from "Frozen"
Coach pick: Sia's "Chandelier"
Hoping for a "breakout moment," Levine assigned Perkins Sia's vocally challenging "Chandelier." Shelton complimented her on capitalizing on every opportunity she had to move forward – even through two near eliminations. Levine made a plea for voters to keep Perkins around for the finale, saying, "She is, hands down, one of the best singers we've … ever had" on "The Voice" and then defiantly saying that "whether or not that happens is irrelevant to me and Kat because we know we went out there and we did something different and refreshing and we love it." Perkins went more mainstream -- about as mainstream as she could get, in fact -- with her own choice, tackling "Let It Go" from the Disney film "Frozen," dedicated to the kids back in Minnesota for whom she is nanny. Usher said she had "killed" the "complicated" song. Levine hailed her for her consistency, saying she never made a mistake, was "always just right on the money" and deserved to be where she was.
All the singers deserve to have made it this far, but I'm predicting Kaufman, Grimmie and Worthington for the finale, with Kaufman, perhaps, capturing the win. But who knows? What do you think?
It's down to the top 5 on "The Voice," and two will go home this week ahead of next week's finals. All the remaining singers deserve not only to have made it this far in the competition but also to carve out real careers and make names for themselves in the music industry moving forward.


text:
Scotbrite Cleaning are proud to offer their expert services for clients in need of professional car showroom cleaning in Glasgow. We specialise in providing professional commercial cleaning services to businesses and have a wealth of experience delivering high-quality services to businesses operating in a range of different settings such as retail environments, office complexes, factory floors and more. Our solid reputation for delivering excellent results is unmatched and we work hard to tailor our services to the bespoke needs of each of our clients.
At Scotbrite, we can offer a wide range of dedicated cleaning services including window cleaning, carpets and upholstery, communal areas, high-pressure jetting, driveway and grounds cleaning and more. We tailor our services to the needs of each of our clients and can provide dedicated cleaning to a schedule that works for your business, whether you need cleaning on a weekly, fortnightly or monthly basis.
If you're in need of car showroom cleaning in Glasgow delivered by dedicated professionals, you need Scotbrite Cleaning Services! Get in touch with us by sending an enquiry and we will provide all the information you need on our range of services. We have provided cleaning for a wide range of different businesses and can provide expert advice on the best options for your needs. Let us know what you require and we will work hard to ensure that your place of business is left in a spotless state, ready to draw in high-quality clients.


text:
Notice is hereby given that Brittany Lynn Blake, the undersigned, filed her petition to the Superior Court of Appling County, Georgia, on the 28th day of January, 2011, praying for a change in the name of petitioner from Brittany Lynn Blake to Brittany Elaine Edwards. Notice is hereby given pursuant to law to any interested or affected party to appear in said Court and to file objections to such name change. Objections must be filed with said Court within 30 days of the filing of said petition.
This 28th day of January, 2011.
3-16, 3-23, 3-30 & 4-6ch
gpn15 NOTICE OF PETITION TO CHANGE NAME GEORGIA APPLING COUNTY
No Trackbacks
Display comments as (Linear | Threaded)


text:
Bionic Commando 2? No, it's only a rehash but I've waited 18 years for this.
Back when I was in 6th grade, when almost everyone was playing casual games like Twin Bee, Pinball, and Mappy, I was burning green with envy at the "members of the lucky sperm club" --- friends who had the most expensive NES cartridges in their collection.
Even back then (though I didn't realize it), I was never a fan of casual games. I went for games that had stories (or what passed for video game background plots during that time) and had definite conclusions. Ninja Gaiden, Batman, Metal Gear, Contra --- these were games I gravitated to like a moth to flame. It was also at that time that I saw the friends of my Uncle Jerry (who's an electronic whiz) play Bionic Commando. It was only once, but the game's innovative approach of using a bionic arm to let the player swing though obstacles really left an impression on me.
Unfortunately though, I could only buy NES games using savings from my daily allowance, so I never got to buy the more expensive ones. (Though my father did buy Gradius, Goonies, Macross, and Rockman. Thanks pa! :D)
In the years that followed, Capcom never made a Bionic Commando 2. All hope of getting my hands on an incarnation of that impressive game slowly faded with time.
(Hmm. Maybe this explains my addiction to Tribes: Vengeance.)
Some months ago however (and to my surprise and glee), the makers of Bionic Commando announced that they were making a rehash of the game. While it's not a Bionic Commando 2, the game they've produced is priceless in that it really evokes memories of that day in that stuffy, electronics repair shop when I first beheld the rescue operation effort of Super Joe in all its 8-bit glory.
Eighteen years.
I am so going to buy this.
Here's an upcoming game that's going to be --- not a Bionic Commando 2, but a Bionic Commando three. You'll reprise your role as Rad Spencer. And Super Joe's going to make an appearance.
It's going to be more awesome.
(Apparently the Bionic Commando for the NES was a sequel for the arcade version of Bionic Commando.)


text:
Paul Cameron speaks at the Kea Inspire Day Auckland 2013 event
The 2013 Inspire Day series was bigger and better than ever, with a sensational line-up of world class presenters from home and abroad delivered Inspiring Stories, in Christchurch, Wellington and Auckland.
They grappled with one of New Zealand's biggest economic questions: how do we go From Surviving to Thriving on the world stage?
This was a must-attend event for entrepreneurial thinkers, and an absolutely unique opportunity to learn from and be inspired by outstanding Kiwis treading the world's stage.
Kea New Zealand is a not-for-profit organisation whose purpose is to reach and motivate expatriate Kiwis and 'friends of New Zealand' to increase their contribution to New Zealand – thereby turning them into a strategic national asset. Kea New Zealand aims to contribute to the economic growth of New Zealand by helping New Zealand become the most globally connected nation in the world.
We rated the 90 experience:
Getting started is super easy. Just fill out simple quote request form and one of our video consultants will get back to you, fast.Create Video
15 Sale Street, Auckland Central, Auckland, 1010
149 New Montgomery St San Francisco, CA 94105


text:
Originally the definition of size 11/0 meant that there are 11 beads to the inch, but with delicas it tends to be more like 17 to 22 beads per inch, depending on the finish.There are approximately 5 grams in each 2x2" bag. There are approximately 200 beads per gram, a bag holds 1000+ beads.
Points to Consider About Delicas:


text:
Dealing with the stress of war
These tips from the American Psychological Association for teachers of children and teens can be used by anyone to learn how to deal with the daily stress of media coverage of the war and worry for family and friends in the military. This is an excellent resource for everyone - not just teachers; we recommend you review it if you are feeling stressed.
Dealing with the stress of Trauma and Disaster
It is impossible to isolate ourselves from the trauma and disaster that occurred in New York and Washington D.C., in September 2001 and that continues to occur around the world today. While each of us may react differently to the unfolding events we see on TV and hear on radio, none of us are immune from the magnitude of the destruction and devastation that has occurred and continues to occur. It affects us personally, as families, communities and as a nation.
The following information is designed to provide basic information concerning normal reactions to disaster and some ways to cope with the emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physical aspects of trauma. Reactions can run the gamut of emotions and include fear, anger and even shutting off emotions and denying the reality of the event. As emphasized in the material, talking and being with others is a very important aspect of dealing effectively with such an event.
The following material is collected from different sources. These sources include the American Red Cross, Crisis Intervention Institute and the American Psychological Association. We hope this information is helpful to you. All of us are touched and changed by the tremendous devastation and loss that occurred September 11, 2001 and continues to occur as this nation continues to confront worldwide terrorism. Hopefully the events of life will provide us with continued opportunities to be in His service to others.
If you have questions or would like to talk with a counselor at the OC University Counseling Center, please call us at (405) 425-5250.
Sheldon Adkins, M.Ed., LPC., Director
University Counseling Services


text:
NEW HAVEN — A good crowd once again packed the main show tent at Addison County Fair and Field Days for the Friday evening armwrestling competition, which in its 31st year drew 126 adults and 127 youths to test their strength and skill.
Organizer Karen Brisson, a former U.S. and world champion who started helping her father Armond Brisson run the event 31 years ago, said the number of competitors and the size of the crowd for the popular event roughly equaled 2009's totals.
NEW HAVEN — Huge crowds packed into the grandstand near the tractor pad at the Addison County Fair and Field Days Wednesday and Thursday evenings to watch the most chaotic part of the week's festivities: the No. 1 Auto Parts Demolition Derby.
The crowds — which swelled to over 4,000 each night — got their fix of mayhem as cars collided and somehow kept rolling with only two or three wheels. In each contest one car — or minivan — emerged out of the disorder still running.
The competition was pretty much as chaotic from a driver's perspective as it was from the crowd's.
NEW HAVEN — When Chris Hogan was a young boy, he showed animals in various 4-H competitions at the Addison County Fair and Field Days. Hogan, now 18, enjoyed the competitions, but they weren't the real reason he was excited for Field Days every year.
During his downtime between 4-H competitions, the Leicester boy would hurry across the fairgrounds to the antique equipment area to watch as volunteers repaired old machines and conducted demonstrations.
NEW HAVEN — The already action-packed Addison County Fair & Field Days schedule will get even more lively this year with new animal showcases, entertainment options and a gubernatorial candidates' debate.
The full text of this article is only available to online subscribers.
Are you an online subscriber? Click to login.
Click here to learn more about our subscription options.
If you have a print subscription, you can now add an online subscription at no additional charge! Just email us with your name and mailing address to set it up.
Subscribe to Online Edition
Online PDF Print Edition
Copyright 2011 Addison Independent | 58 Maple Street, Middlebury, Vt. 05753 | All Rights Reserved
Site Development by Surf New Media


text: University of Birmingham Spinout Company is developing a novel drug for the treatment of Glaucoma Scientists at the University of Birmingham have received funding from the Technology Strategy Board, the UK's innovation agency, to develop a novel multi action siRNA drug with proven neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activity to treat Glaucoma. The World Health Organisation estimates 12.5 million people are blinded from glaucoma globally, with the total number affected at ~66 million. Within the UK 10% of blind people have Glaucoma. Whilst there are treatments available, these focus on reducing the pressure that damage the retinal neurons but do not protect the eye from on-going nerve damage. There is clearly an unmet need for better drugs to treat Glaucoma. A team of scientists at the University of Birmingham's spinout company Neuregenix Ltd, led by Professor Ann Logan a world leader in neural repair, has identified, tested and patented a novel multi-action siRNA drug (siRhoA) with proven neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activity for the retinal neurons that get damaged in glaucoma. Funding from the Technology Strategy Board will enable the use of innovative technology to formulate the drug for less invasive/less frequent delivery to the glaucomatous eyes of patients. Specifically the Neuregenix team will prepare and test an injectable formulation for long-term (months) drug release and a daily eye drop formulation of the drug, so that suitability to treat this clinical disease is established. Professor Ann Logan, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham said, "This award recognises the need for effective new drugs to treat Glaucoma and will enhance the potential that our technology will be taken forward with new partners as a therapy to protect against the blindness that this disease causes." Richard Mansfield, Business Development Manager, Neuregenix Ltd said, "Neuregenix is delighted to receive funding from the UK's Technology Strategy Board to progress the development of our novel drug to treat Glaucoma. Successfully winning funding in this Biomedical Catalyst investment round represents a major vote of confidence in our siRNA technology and provides us with the opportunity to further develop the drug for clinical delivery." With the support of Research and Innovation Services and Alta Innovations Ltd, the technology transfer Office at the University of Birmingham, Neuregenix will deliver a drug candidate developed to the point that it can be licensed to a commercial partner for clinical development. For more information, please contact Tim Yates, Marketing Officer, University of Birmingham, +44 (0)121 414 8635 About The University of Birmingham The University of Birmingham is a truly vibrant, global community and an internationally-renowned institution. Ranked amongst the world's top 100 institutions, its work brings people from across the world to Birmingham, including researchers and teachers and more than 4,000 international students from nearly 150 countries. The University is home to nearly 30,000 students. With more than 7,500 postgraduate students from across the world, Birmingham is one of the most popular universities for postgraduate study in the UK. The University plays an integral role in the economic, social and cultural growth of local and regional communities; working closely with businesses and organisations, employing approximately 6,000 staff and providing 10,000 graduates annually. About Alta Innovations Alta Innovations Ltd is the technology transfer Office of The University of Birmingham and is responsible for the commercialisation of research undertaken at the University. Alta Innovations links academic research with business through licensing and spinout activity, collaborative research and consultancy projects to generate the new ideas, technologies and processes required to achieve competitive advantage. About the Technology Strategy Board The Technology Strategy Board is the UK's innovation agency. Its goal is to accelerate economic growth by stimulating and supporting business-led innovation. Sponsored by the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), the Technology Strategy Board brings together business, research and the public sector, supporting and accelerating the development of innovative products and services to meet market needs, tackle major societal challenges and help bui


text:
Yes, either the Pope didn't like the XC90 that Volvo sent over back in June, or the boys n' girls at Volkswagen are seriously worried over whether or not they'll be reaching the pearly gates. Maybe that's why the German automaker's giving his excellency a brand spankin' new 450 hp Phaeton. We're hoping, for Pope Benedict's sake, the plans for this particular Phaeton weren't in the same laptop German Chancellor Merkel's were in or it'll be back to the popemobile. Check out the gallery below. [Hat tip to Zerin!]
[Holy, Holy, Holy Is The Car Gallery Of The Pope]
Habemus Volvo! Pope's New Whip; Safe Happens? Thieves Steal Plans From VW For German Chancellor Merkel's Armored Whip [internal]


text:
Apocalypse: Earth is a fast, lethal, action-packed miniature wargame for squad, platoon and company level battles with a mixture of conventional, sci-fi and horror elements.
The year is 1954. Tsar Josef Stalin I has unleashed the might of the Holy Soviet Empire and plunged the world into chaos and destruction. Now, humanity faces it's darkest hour..


text:
The Buccaneers want to make it known that they can't be strung along forever on the Darrelle Revis trade front.
Jason Cole of Yahoo! Sports reports that the Bucs are growing impatient with the process of acquiring Revis in a trade with the Jets. The Bucs have long been viewed as the most likely trading partner if the Jets decide to get rid of Revis, who is their best player but is also coming off a torn ACL, entering the final year of his contract, and likely to demand huge money in a new contract in 2014.
According to Cole, the Buccaneers are willing to trade first-, third- and sixth-round picks for Revis, and the Bucs are also willing to pay Revis $15-16 million a year on a long-term contract.
But if the Bucs are offering all that and it hasn't yet resulted in a deal getting done, the Bucs may be starting to think a deal simply isn't going to get done.


text:
Pre-race anxiety is no stranger to the runner. He feels his muscles tighten, gently and gradually pulled taut like a new guitar string. Tension builds not only in his body but in his mind. Though not normally claustrophobic, his nerves are on edge. Personal space doesn't exist here. He can smell the runner next to him. He notices a gnarled scar on the shoulder of the runner in front of him, only inches from his face. Oxygen is scarce. His mind races with thoughts of how the next moments will play out.
What if I don't get out fast enough and get stuck behind a pack of slower runners that won't thin out for 800 meters? I can't let that happen. I won't. If only I could have gotten in just one more stride before everyone lined up, then I'd really be ready. What if my legs get entangled with someone else's? What if someone spikes me with their cleats?
John Cline knew this feeling well, and embraced it. I'm not sure drinking two liters of Mountain Dew is a good idea for your nerves before any race, but Cline did it for every race of his life, including the biggest one – the NCAA Division I Men's Cross Country Championship in 1997.
In the heart of November, the best collegiate runners from across the country and a handful from around the world flocked to Furman University. It was a normal late-November day: chilly and brisk, with a slight wind that slices through your racing singlet, right into your chest. The sun bathed Furman golf course's rolling hills, the host to decades of collegiate cross country's best runners. Anxious runners sprinted back and forth, preparing for the race's start and relieving tense muscles and nerves.
That year's championship race was loaded. Cline squeezed into the crowded individuals starting box with men who would go on to qualify for the Olympics twelve times. And those were just the one-off qualifiers whose teams weren't quite good enough to make the championship field as a complete squad.
Future Olympians Meb Keflezighi, Bernard Lagat and Abdi Abdirahman, extraordinary runners with extraordinary talent and extraordinary names, joined Cline in their starting box that day.
And he was John Cline. No exotic or legendary name. No legendary running history. He had made some noise his senior year, but still few had heard of him because the oft-injured UNC redshirt senior never seemed to align his physical and mental strengths at the same time at this level. Yet there he was lined up at the 1997 NCAA Division I Men's Cross Country Championship.
As it is with all cross country races, the pre-race jostling for position on the line was heated. Cline had trouble getting the room he needed amid the bodies.
But the starting gun doesn't wait for anyone to settle in.
A single shot broke the morning silence.
And John Cline fell.
Two years earlier, Cline had also come crashing down on the trail.
UNC's cross country team was in the midst of a 4.8 mile time trial to shrink the team down to twelve men. But Cline was in awful shape and on the edge of being cut.
"After one loop, I couldn't see straight," Cline said. "I was hurting. Really hurting."
However, if there was one thing John Cline was good at, it was running through pain. "He has an ability to take pain at a pain threshold beyond limits, almost like he likes it," former teammate Danny Stein said. "Sometimes it's scary, but it's what makes John, John."
Cline decided to latch onto a teammate and hung onto him through the second loop. He described it as "probably the worst I've ever hurt in my life." Closing in on the finish line, he picked up the pace to start moving up, putting pain on the back burner.
"And the next thing I remember, I was in an ambulance right by campus."
He had collapsed, falling three times out of immense fatigue before crossing the finish line. But he crossed, holding on to his spot on the team.
The ambulance trip was an interesting one, as his coach Joan Nesbit Mabe (then just Joan Nesbit) recalls: "When he was about to be transported to the hospital, he said 'No, no. I can't – I've got to go do my cool down.'"
Cline was "passionate to a fault," Nesbit Mabe said. That's the way he is, and always has been. He pushed his body to its limits, whether in college or beginning his running career in high school.
In Charlotte, N.C., Cline rose up the ranks as a highly-touted recruit. People began to take notice as records fell and he collected trophies. Cline would go on to become named MVP of the North Carolina 4A Track & Field Championship his junior season.
Colleges from all over began to take notice. "He was a thrilling racer and had a flurry of leg speed that was sort of superhuman," Nesbit Mabe said.
Cline chose to go to Stanford. At the time, legendary cross country coach Vin Lananna had just begun coaching at Stanford, recruiting the second, third and seventh place finishers from the Footlocker National meet. Cline knew not only would he join the best class in the nation by going to Stanford, he would also get the best education.
It was the best of both worlds, he figured.
Back in the world of 1997, John Cline was getting back on his feet, like he had done so many times before. There was no time to think, no time to wait and wonder if officials would call back the runners to restart the race.
"Instead of going out being conservative, John went ripping out with the likes of Meb Keflezighi and Adam Goucher and Lagat," Stein said.
After breaking into a dead sprint, Cline had joined the front pack somewhere between 400 and 800 meters. He hit the mile at about four minutes and 20 seconds, now with the leaders.
At two miles in, his time was at nine minutes, 11 seconds. The guy no one had expected see close to the front was fighting to stay with Meb Keflezighi, who would go on to not only win the race, but also win a silver medal in the Olympics less than a decade later.
"I was hurting," Cline said. "I was hurting really, really badly the whole race."
The natural pain of pushing his body to limits in a race or workout was never much of an concern for Cline, but injuries were a constant issue for much of Cline's collegiate running career.
They cut short his first cross country season at Stanford after two races. Frustration mounted quickly, and the college lifestyle didn't help. He was a young kid, immature on the trails – and as it turned out – off the trails.
Cline coped with his injury by partying. A lot.
"I was very immature. I didn't realize the dedication and commitment that it took," Cline said. "I thought I could just play around and just run more and I'd be better. I didn't realize that I needed to focus on my diet, my rest, stretching – just all of the little things. I'm not sure I was mature enough to manage those."
After recovering from his injury in cross country in the fall of his freshman year, he got injured again the following spring. Without a group of friends at Stanford, he started to really miss home. With frustration dogging him at every turn and greener pastures closer to home tempting him, Cline decided to transfer.
But to avoid losing a year of eligibility, he had to request a release from Lananna.
The conversation was a memorable one. "Lananna released me," Cline said. "But I remember what he said. He said something to the effect of 'Nobody has ever left my program and been successful somewhere else.' He said, 'You're making a mistake.'" Knowing Lananna, Cline's teammate Dave Mabe guesses the actual conversation was probably even more intense than that.
Regardless, Cline took the talk to heart and vowed to turn it into motivation later on.
But it didn't exactly pay off as quickly as he hoped. His first year at UNC was marred by injuries, both in cross country and a track season that marked his first of many stress fractures.
"I had the ability to hurt myself," Cline said. "I could run really hard without a lot of training and it would just tear up my body. … Whereas some people when they race or train, the pain may cause them to back off or avoid it, I like to take it head on. I love to go out hard to try to challenge myself to make myself hurt early and then to face that challenge of hanging in there and holding on."
Again and again, injuries struck. Frustration, it seemed, had followed him home.
But one late night would change his mindset completely in 1995, during his redshirt sophomore year. Cline and a friend were mugged in downtown Chapel Hill. It served as a wake-up call for him. Nesbit Mabe called it a "spiritual turning point" for Cline.
"It was a culmination of a lot of things going on in my life at the time," Cline said. "'What are you doing? You're about to blow this opportunity to run and get a good education.' I started to realize I needed to be consistent, that I needed to take care of myself, I needed to eat right."
Despite sharpening his focus and surrounding himself with more positive influences, injuries continued to shadow him after nearly every season.
Cline returned in the spring of 1997 for track season and recorded a third-place finish at the ACC Championship meet in the 5,000 meter event despite getting spiked accidentally on the kneecap by another runner. The errant spike injury altered his kneecap's tracking, setting him back once again.
There was just one shot left and he would have to battle back like so many other times in his career.
John Cline was fighting a battle at Furman University that no one thought he could win.
He made "dramatic goals," as Dave Mabe would call them.
"Even when no one else counted him in, he was thinking no one else had a chance to win that race," Stein said. "Everyone else had doubts, but he, himself, never had a doubt."
Cline thought he could be top 10 at the national meet, and after two of the 6.2 miles, he was in prime position. However, his rough start began to take its toll.
"That was a race where you hurt the whole race," Cline said. "There wasn't a whole lot of relaxing in that race because it was so tight. Every space counts and it seems like during the whole race, everybody's fighting.
"If you relax for one second, 10 people would go by you. So if I relaxed and let off the gas for a second, I remember there was a guy from Providence College and he would go right by me. And then I would push the pedal down and go by him. It was just a battle the whole way."
Roaring onlookers crammed against the ropes separating them from the trail, screaming out everyone's place. If you were 25th or better, you had better hold on tight to that position, because the difference between All-American and 'Guy Who Ran At Nationals One Year' could be just a single second.
Of course no one pegged Cline as a national contender for his senior year in cross country. Coming off of injury, rehabbing and training on a short schedule was a challenge few people could turn around into a historic season, but few people could get back into prime shape as quickly as Cline.
After rebuilding his base with consistent and solid training, he began his season with impressive performances against William & Mary's future All-American Matt Lane and finishing 30 seconds behind Meb Keflezighi in the pre-nationals race.
He further impressed after winning the ACC Championship outright by more than 30 seconds, beating a talented NC State team led by two future selections for the ACC 50th Anniversary Men's Cross Country Team.
Though his team failed to qualify for the national meet at regionals, he ran well enough to qualify to enter as an individual.
Preparation the morning of the race began like any other for Cline, who had the same ritual since he began running. He drank his morning two-liter Mountain Dew to wake up and headed out to the course. Visions grew within his mind of a top-10 finish.
Though his vision didn't come to fruition, he cinched an All-American spot and he finally proved Lananna's earlier remarks wrong, placing within Stanford's top five runners and finishing 19th overall with a time of 30 minutes and three seconds.
Cline stood in the finish chute after the race for ages. "I hurt all over," he said. "I was in intense pain. It was good, but it wasn't the typical run where you hurt for a little bit and then you see your friends and family and your coach and you're all better. I was in that chute for a while just going 'Wow.'"
More than a decade later, John Cline's talents still stand out to those who knew him. UNC still hasn't had a men's cross country All-American or ACC champion since.
"I still have yet to see an athlete like John with the talent level, both mentally and physically that he had," Stein said.
Injuries would eventually preclude Cline from continuing on with professional racing, but he would become an assistant coach at Wake Forest before beginning a teaching and cross country coaching career in Charlotte at his high school alma mater.
On some days you could see the remnants of the elite talent still within him. I've seen him handily beat his teams of some of North Carolina's best high school runners in workouts and road races despite injuries hounding him for years and the disadvantage of being two decades older than them.
Even those days are behind him now. His back pains him too much to permit him to run like he used to.
But the memories remain, the plaques marking the highest points of his running career tucked away in the darkness of his attic.
Recently he ventured into the sweltering poorly-ventilated space to revisit them.
"The flame was short," Cline mused. "But it was pretty damn bright – when it burned."


text:
Popular Applications:
ECOS for Educators
Grant Opportunities
Secure Applications
TEAL Login
A - Z Index
Sign Up for Updates
TEA Correspondence
Home / About TEA / Government Relations and Legal / Special Education
The TEA Office of
Legal Services oversees the Special Education Due Process Hearing program. You
can find information about the special education due process hearing program on
this page.
provides due
process hearing decisions online from January 2010 until present.
TEA provides
a list of current special education hearing officers and their qualifications.
TEA designed the Special Education Dispute Resolution Handbook to assist parents,
school officials, and other interested parties with understanding TEA's special education dispute resolution system. The handbook
contains information about the due process hearings program including FAQs.
It is not intended to be legal advice. If you need legal advice about a
special education matter you should contact a private attorney. TEA cannot
provide legal advice. The Special Education Dispute Resolution Handbook is also available in Spanish.
TEA created a quick-reference document that provides parents and school districts with an overview of the options available for resolving disputes arising under federal and state special education law. It is not intended to interpret, modify, or replace any procedural safeguards provided by, or requirements of, federal or state law. The Special Education Dispute Resolution Comparison of Services Chart is also available in Spanish.
The National Center
on Dispute Resolution in Special Education (CADRE) provides helpful
information on resolution meetings. The
U.S. Department of Education's Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative
Services' letter to TEA responds to TEA's inquiry about whether a state
educational agency may dismiss claims raised in a state special education
complaint that were released in a previous resolution session or mediation
settlement agreement.
TEA hearing officers provide a due process
hearing questionnaire to parties with the final order in a due process
TEA designed a model Due
Process Hearing Request Form. You are not required to use the model form, but TEA encourages its use. The form is also available in Spanish. The hearing request must be mailed, hand-delivered, or faxed to TEA. A copy of the request must also be sent to the school district.


text:
Vicky Gray
Vicky G. Gray is a Senior Corporate Vice President of System Development for Sentara Healthcare and is responsible for brand management, strategic planning, marketing, market assessment, corporate communications, government relations and public policy.
Previous Experience
Prior to joining Sentara in 1998, Gray was a strategist for an integrated health system in Virginia Beach, Virginia, directing planning and marketing initiatives. In 2001, she served as Interim Administrator of Sentara Leigh Hospital, a 250-bed facility, during which time the radiology and surgery programs were accelerated through capital investment and product redesign. In 2004, she held a dual role as Interim Vice President for Sales at Optima Health Plans.
Current Professional Affiliations
- American College of Healthcare Executives (Fellow)
- Society for Healthcare Strategy and Market Development (Member)
- Virginia Hospital and Healthcare Association (Member)
- Healthcare Strategy Institute (Member)
Previous Professional Affiliations
- United Way of South Hampton Roads Board of Directors (Chair)
- The University of Tennessee (Knoxville) – MPH
- The University of Tennessee (Knoxville) – BS
- East Tennessee State University (Johnson City) - AS


text:
View more products
A high efficiency and energy saving ball mill with rolling bearing
SF flotation cell is a mechanical agitation type flotation equipment with self-slurry suction and self-air suction
Classifying equipment takes use of the different sedimentation speed of the solid particle in slurry.
A new efficient thickening equipment independently developed by Xinhai.
Desorption electrolysis system as gold extraction equipment obtains gold mud from carbon by desorption and electrowinning
A dewatering equipment relying on pressure of slurry pump including chamber press filter and plate press filter
A wet autogenous mill that materials as grinding media
A traditional and widely using vibrating screen machine.
A hydrocyclone with involute feeding
View more solutions
The optimal benefit of modern mining enterprise profits from advanced technology which is embodied in rational process flow and high-efficiency and energy-saving equipment.
We will not only provide high-quality equipment, but also provide the most rational process flow, the best device configuration and the most considerate turnkey services for the clients. This is what we can do and what we must do best!
【Address】No. 188, Xinhai Street, Fushan high-tech industrial development district, Yantai, Shandong, China
【Email】[email protected]
xjk series sand factory offer
fodder mill machine milano customer case
molienda de rodillos 60


text:
Sony confirms Skype coming to PSP
VoIP while you play
There's no doubt now that Skype is coming to the Sony PlayStation Portable - Sony's own website, updated to preview next week's Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, admits as much.
"Call friends, talk trash to fellow gamers or catch up with acquaintances via Skype for PSP," the site says, letting the cat well and truly out of the bag.
Sony's PSP: soon with Skype
In May 2007, Sony Europe partnered with British Telecom (BT) to develop communications tools for the handheld. The result is Go!Messenger, a video chat and IM tool that's set to be made available to European PSP owners later this month.
Go!Messenger will be delivered on a Memory Stick or by download rather than through a firmware update, Sony said last August, and it seems likely Skype will be provided the same way, potentially allowing users to choose which one they want. Sony Europe indicated Go!Messenger would only be pitched at Sony Computer Entertainment Europe's territories, but we hope Skype won't be restricted to US users.
Both apps will undoubtedly be used to encourage PSP owners to buy microphone-equipped headsets and Sony's Go!Cam plug-on PSP webcam accessory.


text:
There were quite a few of you who picked my project correctly, but only 2 people also picked the one that got the most votes by our group.
This was mine…. #2
And this one was the winning quilt made by Jean Mayes.
So…..drumroll please!
The winners are Loris and Janet. Please email me your address and I'll get your prize to you.
Thanks for playing along with my little "game". It was fun seeing what your guesses were.
Next year's challenge is "Baskets". A whole year to mull it over!
Hugs, Anne


text:
Professor, Department of Medicine (Endocrinology)
Dr. Streamson Chua's group is interested in genetic contribution to the chronic disease of obesity, diabetes, and diabetes complications. One interest is in developing an understanding of the various functions of leptin responsive neurons as they relate to ingestion, control of body composition, metabolism, and reproduction. A second interest is to dissect the genetic contribution to the susceptibility/resistance to complications of long term hyperglycemia, particularly effects on the endocrine pancreas and the kidney.
Before coming to Einstein in 2005, Dr. Streamson Chua was a member of the group of Dr. Jules Hirsch and Dr. Rudolph Leibel at the Rockefeller University, where he participated in efforts to understand the genetics of obesity. He then joined the faculty of Columbia-Presbyterian Medical School as an associate professor, continuing his work on the function of the hormone leptin that influences obesity and diabetes. Currently, he is pursuing research on genes that are linked to increased susceptibility to obesity and diabetic complications, particularly beta cell loss and nephropathy. Dr. Chua received his bachelor's degree from Johns Hopkins University, and then earned a combined M.D.-Ph.D. at Columbia University. He completed a one-year internship at New York Hospital and then undertook a post-doctoral fellowship in pediatric endocrinology to clone the gene for the steroid-producing enzyme, 11 beta hydroxylase.
Reviews, Chapters, and Editorials
Original Articles [1-59]
1. Chua SC, Szabo P, Vitek A, Grzeschik KH, John M, White PC 1987 Cloning of cDNA encoding steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P450c11). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A 84:7193-7197
2. Mouw AR, Rice DA, Meade JC, Chua SC, White PC, Schimmer BP, Parker KL 1989 Structural and functional analysis of the promoter region of the gene encoding mouse steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264:1305-1309
3. Chua SC, Jr., Brown AW, Kim J, Hennessey KL, Leibel RL, Hirsch J 1991 Food deprivation and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression: effects of strain background and the diabetes mutation. Brain Research Molecular Brain Research 11:291-299
4. Chua SC, Jr., Leibel RL, Hirsch J 1991 Food deprivation and age modulate neuropeptide gene expression in the murine hypothalamus and adrenal gland. Brain Research Molecular Brain Research 9:95-101
5. Galbraith RA, Chua SC, Jr., Kappas A 1992 Hypothalamic mechanism for cobalt protoporphyrin-induced hypophagia and weight loss: inhibition of the feeding response to NPY. Brain Research Molecular Brain Research 15:298-302
6. Chua SC, Hansen M, Truett G, Leibel RL 1993 Utility of a c-Jun microsatellite in determining gene dosage for fatty (fa). Obesity Research 1:475-480
7. Chua SC, Hennessey K, Zeitler P, Leibel RL 1993 The little (lit) mutation cosegregates with the growth hormone releasing factor receptor on mouse chromosome 6. Mammalian Genome 4:555-559
8. Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Chua SC, Jr. 1993 Critical effects of aging and nutritional state on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and galanin gene expression in lean and genetically obese Zucker rats. Brain Research Molecular Brain Research 19:195-202
9. Power LM, Chua SC, Jr., Leibel RL 1994 Locus D1S21 contains exonic sequence from the C8 beta component of complement. Mammalian Genome 5:125-126
10. Wajnrajch MP, Chua SC, Green ED, Leibel RL 1994 Human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) maps to a YAC at chromosome 7p15. Mammalian Genome 5:595
11. Green ED, Maffei M, Braden VV, Proenca R, DeSilva U, Zhang Y, Chua SC, Jr., Leibel RL, Weissenbach J, Friedman JM 1995 The human obese (OB) gene: RNA expression pattern and mapping on the physical, cytogenetic, and genetic maps of chromosome 7. Genome Research 5:5-12
12. Kershaw EE, Chua SC, Jr., Leibel RL 1995 Localization of a (CA)n repeat in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene (Glp1r) to proximal mouse chromosome 17 and its linkage to other markers. Mammalian Genome 6:301-303
13. Kershaw EE, Chua SC, Williams JA, Murphy EM, Leibel RL 1995 Molecular mapping of SSRs for Pgm1 and C8b in the vicinity of the rat fatty locus. Genomics 27:149-154
14. Chua SC, Jr., Chung WK, Wu-Peng XS, Zhang Y, Liu SM, Tartaglia L, Leibel RL 1996 Phenotypes of mouse diabetes and rat fatty due to mutations in the OB (leptin) receptor. Science 271:994-996
15. Chua SC, Jr., White DW, Wu-Peng XS, Liu SM, Okada N, Kershaw EE, Chung WK, Power-Kehoe L, Chua M, Tartaglia LA, Leibel RL 1996 Phenotype of fatty due to Gln269Pro mutation in the leptin receptor (Lepr). Diabetes 45:1141-1143
16. Meierfrankenfeld B, Abelenda M, Jauker H, Klingenspor M, Kershaw EE, Chua SC, Jr., Leibel RL, Schmidt I 1996 Perinatal energy stores and excessive fat deposition in genetically obese (fa/fa) rats. American Journal of Physiology 270:E700-708
17. Norman RA, Leibel RL, Chung WK, Power-Kehoe L, Chua SC, Jr., Knowler WC, Thompson DB, Bogardus C, Ravussin E 1996 Absence of linkage of obesity and energy metabolism to markers flanking homologues of rodent obesity genes in Pima Indians. Diabetes 45:1229-1232
18. Wajnrajch MP, Gertner JM, Harbison MD, Chua SC, Jr., Leibel RL 1996 Nonsense mutation in the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor causes growth failure analogous to the little (lit) mouse. Nature Genetics 12:88-90
19. Chua SC, Jr., Koutras IK, Han L, Liu SM, Kay J, Young SJ, Chung WK, Leibel RL 1997 Fine structure of the murine leptin receptor gene: splice site suppression is required to form two alternatively spliced transcripts. Genomics 45:264-270
20. Chung WK, Chua SC, Lee G-H, Leibel RL 1997 PCR-RFLP and SSCP assays for the mouse obese (Lep-ob) mutation. Obesity Research 5:183-185
21. Chung WK, Zheng M, Chua M, Kershaw E, Power-Kehoe L, Tsuji M, Wu-Peng XS, Williams J, Chua SC, Jr., Leibel RL 1997 Genetic modifiers of Leprfa associated with variability in insulin production and susceptibility to NIDDM. Genomics 41:332-344
22. Kahle EB, Butz KG, Chua SC, Kershaw EE, Leibel RL, Fenger TW, Hansen CT, Michaelis OE 1997 The rat corpulent (cp) mutation maps to the same interval on (Pgm1-Glut1) rat chromosome 5 as the fatty (fa) mutation. Obesity Research 5:142-145
23. Ware ML, Fox JW, Gonzalez JL, Davis NM, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Russo CJ, Chua SC, Jr., Goffinet AM, Walsh CA 1997 Aberrant splicing of a mouse disabled homolog, mdab1, in the scrambler mouse. Neuron 19:239-249
24. White DW, Wang DW, Chua SC, Jr., Morgenstern JP, Leibel RL, Baumann H, Tartaglia LA 1997 Constitutive and impaired signaling of leptin receptors containing the Gln --> Pro extracellular domain fatty mutation. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences U S A 94:10657-10662
25. Wu-Peng XS, Chua SC, Jr., Okada N, Liu SM, Nicolson M, Leibel RL 1997 Phenotype of the obese Koletsky (f) rat due to Tyr763Stop mutation in the extracellular domain of the leptin receptor (Lepr): evidence for deficient plasma-to-CSF transport of leptin in both the Zucker and Koletsky obese rat. Diabetes 46:513-518
26. Kowalski TJ, Houpt TA, Jahng J, Okada N, Chua SC, Jr., Smith GP 1998 Ontogeny of neuropeptide Y expression in response to deprivation in lean Zucker rat pups. American Journal of Physiology 275:R466-470
27. Liu SM, Leibel RL, Chua SC, Jr. 1998 Partial duplication in the leprdb-Pas mutation is a result of unequal crossing over. Mammalian Genome 9:780-781
28. Schreyer SA, Chua SC, Jr., LeBoeuf RC 1998 Obesity and diabetes in TNF-alpha receptor- deficient mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 102:402-411
29. Korner J, Chua SC, Jr., Williams JA, Leibel RL, Wardlaw SL 1999 Regulation of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin by leptin in lean and obese rats. Neuroendocrinology 70:377-383
30. Kowalski TJ, Houpt TA, Jahng J, Okada N, Liu SM, Chua SC, Jr., Smith GP 1999 Neuropeptide Y overexpression in the preweanling Zucker (fa/fa) rat. Physiology and Behavior 67:521-525
31. Wu-Peng S, Rosenbaum M, Nicolson M, Chua SC, Leibel RL 1999 Effects of exogenous gonadal steroids on leptin homeostasis in rats. Obesity Research 7:586-592
32. Brown JA, Chua SC, Jr., Liu SM, Andrews MT, Vandenbergh JG 2000 Spontaneous mutation in the db gene results in obesity and diabetes in CD-1 outbred mice. American Journal of Physiology Regulatory and Integrated Comparative Physiology 278:R320-330
33. Korner J, Wardlaw SL, Liu SM, Conwell IM, Leibel RL, Chua SC, Jr. 2000 Effects of leptin receptor mutation on Agrp gene expression in fed and fasted lean and obese (LA/N-faf) rats. Endocrinology 141:2465-2471
34. Wildman HF, Chua S, Jr., Leibel RL, Smith GP 2000 Effects of leptin and cholecystokinin in rats with a null mutation of the leptin receptor Lepr(fak). American Journal of Physiology Regulatory and Integrated Comparative Physiology 278:R1518-1523
35. Hsing AW, Chua S, Jr., Gao YT, Gentzschein E, Chang L, Deng J, Stanczyk FZ 2001 Prostate cancer risk and serum levels of insulin and leptin: a population-based study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 93:783-789
36. Ko C, Lee TL, Lau PW, Li J, Davis BT, Voyiaziakis E, Allison DB, Chua SC, Jr., Huang LS 2001 Two novel quantitative trait loci on mouse chromosomes 6 and 4 independently and synergistically regulate plasma apoB levels. Journal of Lipid Research 42:844-855
37. Korner J, Savontaus E, Chua SC, Jr., Leibel RL, Wardlaw SL 2001 Leptin regulation of Agrp and Npy mRNA in the rat hypothalamus. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 13:959-966
38. Kowalski TJ, Liu SM, Leibel RL, Chua SC, Jr. 2001 Transgenic complementation of leptin-receptor deficiency. I. Rescue of the obesity/diabetes phenotype of LEPR-null mice expressing a LEPR-B transgene. Diabetes 50:425-435
39. Chua S, Jr., Liu SM, Li Q, Yang L, Thassanapaff VT, Fisher P 2002 Differential beta cell responses to hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in two novel congenic strains of diabetes (FVB- Lepr (db)) and obese (DBA- Lep (ob)) mice. Diabetologia 45:976-990
40. Ho GY, Melman A, Liu SM, Li M, Yu H, Negassa A, Burk RD, Hsing AW, Ghavamian R, Chua SC, Jr. 2003 Polymorphism of the insulin gene is associated with increased prostate cancer risk. British Journal of Cancer 88:263-269
41. Hsing AW, Gao YT, Chua S, Jr., Deng J, Stanczyk FZ 2003 Insulin resistance and prostate cancer risk. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 95:67-71
42. Levin BE, Dunn-Meynell AA, McMinn JE, Alperovich M, Cunningham-Bussel A, Chua Jr SC 2003 A new obesity-prone, glucose intolerant rat strain (F.DIO). American Journal of Physiology Regulatory and Integrated Comparative Physiology 285:R1184-1191
43. Balthasar N, Coppari R, McMinn J, Liu SM, Lee CE, Tang V, Kenny CD, McGovern RA, Chua SC, Jr., Elmquist JK, Lowell BB 2004 Leptin receptor signaling in POMC neurons is required for normal body weight homeostasis. Neuron 42:983-991
44. Chua SC, Jr. 2004 Molecular and cellular correlates of the developmental acquisition of mechanisms modulating ingestive behavior. Physiol Behav 82:145-147
45. Chua SC, Jr., Liu SM, Li Q, Sun A, DeNino WF, Heymsfield SB, Guo XE 2004 Transgenic complementation of leptin receptor deficiency. II. Increased leptin receptor transgene dose effects on obesity/diabetes and fertility/lactation in lepr-db/db mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286:E384-392
46. Haluzik M, Colombo C, Gavrilova O, Chua S, Wolf N, Chen M, Stannard B, Dietz KR, Le Roith D, Reitman ML 2004 Genetic background (C57BL/6J versus FVB/N) strongly influences the severity of diabetes and insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. Endocrinology 145:3258-3264
47. McMinn JE, Liu SM, Dragatsis I, Dietrich P, Ludwig T, Eiden S, Chua SC, Jr. 2004 An allelic series for the leptin receptor gene generated by CRE and FLP recombinase. Mamm Genome 15:677-685
48. Savontaus E, Breen TL, Kim A, Yang LM, Chua SC, Jr., Wardlaw SL 2004 Metabolic effects of transgenic melanocyte-stimulating hormone overexpression in lean and obese mice. Endocrinology 145:3881-3891
49. Tortoriello DV, McMinn J, Chua SC 2004 Dietary-induced obesity and hypothalamic infertility in female DBA/2J mice. Endocrinology 145:1238-1247
50. de Luca C, Kowalski TJ, Zhang Y, Elmquist JK, Lee C, Kilimann MW, Ludwig T, Liu SM, Chua SC, Jr. 2005 Complete rescue of obesity, diabetes, and infertility in db/db mice by neuron-specific LEPR-B transgenes. J Clin Invest 115:3484-3493
51. Jo YH, Chen YJ, Chua SC, Jr., Talmage DA, Role LW 2005 Integration of endocannabinoid and leptin signaling in an appetite-related neural circuit. Neuron 48:1055-1066
52. Levin BE, Magnan C, Migrenne S, Chua SC, Jr., Dunn-Meynell AA 2005 F-DIO obesity-prone rat is insulin resistant before obesity onset. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289:R704-711
53. McMinn JE, Liu SM, Liu H, Dragatsis I, Dietrich P, Ludwig T, Boozer CN, Chua SC, Jr. 2005 Neuronal deletion of Lepr elicits diabesity in mice without affecting cold tolerance or fertility. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 289:E403-411
54. Wang Z, Jiang T, Li J, Proctor G, McManaman JL, Lucia S, Chua S, Levi M 2005 Regulation of renal lipid metabolism, lipid accumulation, and glomerulosclerosis in FVBdb/db mice with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 54:2328-2335
55. Zheng Z, Schmidt-Ott KM, Chua S, Foster KA, Frankel RZ, Pavlidis P, Barasch J, D'Agati VD, Gharavi AG 2005 A Mendelian locus on chromosome 16 determines susceptibility to doxorubicin nephropathy in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:2502-2507
56. Collins SJ, Alexander SL, Lopez-Guisa JM, Cai X, Maruvada R, Chua SC, Zhang G, Okamura DM, Matsuo S, Eddy AA 2006 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency has renal benefits but some adverse systemic consequences in diabetic mice. Nephron Exp Nephrol 104:e23-34
57. Covey SD, Wideman RD, McDonald C, Unniappan S, Huynh F, Asadi A, Speck M, Webber T, Chua SC, Kieffer TJ 2006 The pancreatic beta cell is a key site for mediating the effects of leptin on glucose homeostasis. Cell Metab 4:291-302
58. Dhillon H, Zigman JM, Ye C, Lee CE, McGovern RA, Tang V, Kenny CD, Christiansen LM, White RD, Edelstein EA, Coppari R, Balthasar N, Cowley MA, Chua S, Jr., Elmquist JK, Lowell BB 2006 Leptin Directly Activates SF1 Neurons in the VMH, and This Action by Leptin Is Required for Normal Body-Weight Homeostasis. Neuron 49:191-203
59. Kitamura T, Feng Y, Kitamura YI, Chua SC, Jr., Xu AW, Barsh GS, Rossetti L, Accili D 2006 Forkhead protein FoxO1 mediates Agrp-dependent effects of leptin on food intake. Nat Med 12:534-540
60. Luo N, Liu SM, Liu H, Li Q, Xu Q, Sun X, Davis B, Li J, Chua S, Jr. 2006 Allelic Variation on Chromosome 5 Controls {beta}-Cell Mass Expansion during Hyperglycemia in Leptin Receptor-Deficient Diabetes Mice. Endocrinology 147:2287-2295
61. Zheng Z, Pavlidis P, Chua S, D'Agati VD, Gharavi AG 2006 An ancestral haplotype defines susceptibility to doxorubicin nephropathy in the laboratory mouse. J Am Soc Nephrol 17:1796-1800
62. Guo K, McMinn JE, Ludwig T, Yu YH, Yang G, Chen L, Loh D, Li C, Chua S, Jr., Zhang Y 2007 Disruption of peripheral leptin signaling in mice results in hyperleptinemia without associated metabolic abnormalities. Endocrinology 148:3987-3997
63. Hsing AW, Sakoda LC, Chua S, Jr. 2007 Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and prostate cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 86:s843-857
64. Lee M, Kim A, Chua SC, Jr., Obici S, Wardlaw SL 2007 Transgenic MSH overexpression attenuates the metabolic effects of a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293:E121-131
65. Tortoriello DV, McMinn JE, Chua SC 2007 Increased expression of hypothalamic leptin receptor and adiponectin accompany resistance to dietary-induced obesity and infertility in female C57BL/6J mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 31:395-402
66. Hinoi E, Gao N, Jung DY, Yadav V, Yoshizawa T, Myers MG, Jr., Chua SC, Jr., Kim JK, Kaestner KH, Karsenty G 2008 The sympathetic tone mediates leptin's inhibition of insulin secretion by modulating osteocalcin bioactivity. J Cell Biol 183:1235-1242
67. Kim KW, Jo YH, Zhao L, Stallings NR, Chua SC, Jr., Parker KL 2008 Steroidogenic Factor 1 Regulates Expression of the Cannabinoid Receptor 1 in the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus. Mol Endocrinol 22:1950-1961
68. Reid BN, Ables GP, Otlivanchik OA, Schoiswohl G, Zechner R, Blaner WS, Goldberg IJ, Schwabe RF, Chua SC, Jr., Huang LS 2008 Hepatic overexpression of hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase promotes fatty acid oxidation, stimulates direct release of free fatty acids, and ameliorates steatosis. J Biol Chem 283:13087-13099
69. van de Wall E, Leshan R, Xu AW, Balthasar N, Coppari R, Liu SM, Jo YH, Mackenzie RG, Allison DB, Dun NJ, Elmquist J, Lowell BB, Barsh GS, de Luca C, Myers MG, Jr., Schwartz GJ, Chua SC, Jr. 2008 Collective and individual functions of leptin receptor modulated neurons controlling metabolism and ingestion. Endocrinology 149:1773-1785
70. Jo YH, Su Y, Gutierrez-Juarez R, Chua S, Jr. 2009 Oleic acid directly regulates POMC neuron excitability in the hypothalamus. J Neurophysiol 101:2305-2316
71. Khan T, Muise ES, Iyengar P, Wang ZV, Chandalia M, Abate N, Zhang BB, Bonaldo P, Chua S, Scherer PE 2009 Metabolic dysregulation and adipose tissue fibrosis: role of collagen VI. Mol Cell Biol 29:1575-1591
72. Leinninger GM, Jo YH, Leshan RL, Louis GW, Yang H, Barrera JG, Wilson H, Opland DM, Faouzi MA, Gong Y, Jones JC, Rhodes CJ, Chua S, Jr., Diano S, Horvath TL, Seeley RJ, Becker JB, Munzberg H, Myers MG, Jr. 2009 Leptin acts via leptin receptor-expressing lateral hypothalamic neurons to modulate the mesolimbic dopamine system and suppress feeding. Cell Metab 10:89-98
73. Stratigopoulos G, Leduc CA, Matsuoka N, Gutman R, Rausch R, Robertson SA, Myers MG, Jr., Chung WK, Chua SC, Jr., Leibel RL 2009 Functional Consequences of the Human Leptin Receptor (LEPR) Q223R Transversion. Obesity (Silver Spring) 17:126-135
74. Chua S, Jr., Li Y, Liu SM, Liu R, Chan KT, Martino J, Zheng Z, Susztak K, D'Agati VD, Gharavi AG 2010 A susceptibility gene for kidney disease in an obese mouse model of type II diabetes maps to chromosome 8. Kidney Int 78:453-462
75. Hill JW, Elias CF, Fukuda M, Williams KW, Berglund ED, Holland WL, Cho YR, Chuang JC, Xu Y, Choi M, Lauzon D, Lee CE, Coppari R, Richardson JA, Zigman JM, Chua S, Scherer PE, Lowell BB, Bruning JC, Elmquist JK 2010 Direct insulin and leptin action on pro-opiomelanocortin neurons is required for normal glucose homeostasis and fertility. Cell Metab 11:286-297
76. Huynh FK, Levi J, Denroche HC, Gray SL, Voshol PJ, Neumann UH, Speck M, Chua SC, Covey SD, Kieffer TJ 2010 Disruption of hepatic leptin signaling protects mice from age- and diet-related glucose intolerance. Diabetes 59:3032-3040
77. Iqbal J, Li X, Chang BH, Chan L, Schwartz GJ, Chua SC, Jr., Hussain MM 2010 An intrinsic gut leptin-melanocortin pathway modulates intestinal microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and lipid absorption. J Lipid Res 51:1929-1942
78. Iskandar K, Cao Y, Hayashi Y, Nakata M, Takano E, Yada T, Zhang C, Ogawa WMD, Oki M, Chua S, Jr., Itoh H, Noda T, Kasuga M, Nakae J 2010 PDK1/ FoxO1 pathway in POMC neurons regulates Pomc expression and food intake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 298:E787-798
79. Nagajyothi F, Zhao D, Machado FS, Weiss LM, Schwartz GJ, Desruisseaux MS, Zhao Y, Factor SM, Huang H, Albanese C, Teixeira MM, Scherer PE, Chua SC, Jr., Tanowitz HB 2010 Crucial role of the central leptin receptor in murine Trypanosoma cruzi (Brazil strain) infection. J Infect Dis 202:1104-1113
80. Park J, Kusminski CM, Chua SC, Scherer PE 2010 Leptin receptor signaling supports cancer cell metabolism through suppression of mitochondrial respiration in vivo. Am J Pathol 177:3133-3144
81. Tschop J, Nogueiras R, Haas-Lockie S, Kasten KR, Castaneda TR, Huber N, Guanciale K, Perez-Tilve D, Habegger K, Ottaway N, Woods SC, Oldfield B, Clarke I, Chua S, Jr., Farooqi IS, O'Rahilly S, Caldwell CC, Tschop MH 2010 CNS leptin action modulates immune response and survival in sepsis. J Neurosci 30:6036-6047
82. Caviglia JM, Betters JL, Dapito DH, Lord CC, Sullivan S, Chua S, Yin T, Sekowski A, Mu H, Shapiro L, Brown JM, Brasaemle DL 2011 Adipose-selective overexpression of ABHD5/CGI-58 does not increase lipolysis or protect against diet-induced obesity. J Lipid Res 52:2032-2042
83. Childs GV, Akhter N, Haney A, Syed M, Odle A, Cozart M, Brodrick Z, Gaddy D, Suva LJ, Akel N, Crane C, Benes H, Charlesworth A, Luque R, Chua S, Kineman RD 2011 The somatotrope as a metabolic sensor: deletion of leptin receptors causes obesity. Endocrinology 152:69-81
84. Donato J, Jr., Cravo RM, Frazao R, Gautron L, Scott MM, Lachey J, Castro IA, Margatho LO, Lee S, Lee C, Richardson JA, Friedman J, Chua S, Jr., Coppari R, Zigman JM, Elmquist JK, Elias CF 2011 Leptin's effect on puberty in mice is relayed by the ventral premammillary nucleus and does not require signaling in Kiss1 neurons. J Clin Invest 121:355-368
85. Duggal P, Guo X, Haque R, Peterson KM, Ricklefs S, Mondal D, Alam F, Noor Z, Verkerke HP, Marie C, Leduc CA, Chua SC, Jr., Myers MG, Jr., Leibel RL, Houpt E, Gilchrist CA, Sher A, Porcella SF, Petri WA, Jr. 2011 A mutation in the leptin receptor is associated with Entamoeba histolytica infection in children. J Clin Invest 121:1191-1198
86. Guo X, Roberts MR, Becker SM, Podd B, Zhang Y, Chua SC, Jr., Myers MG, Jr., Duggal P, Houpt ER, Petri WA, Jr. 2011 Leptin signaling in intestinal epithelium mediates resistance to enteric infection by Entamoeba histolytica. Mucosal Immunol 4:294-303
87. Hsuchou H, Kastin AJ, Tu H, Markadakis EN, Stone KP, Wang Y, Heymsfield SB, Chua SS, Jr., Obici S, Magrisso IJ, Pan W 2011 Effects of cell-type specific leptin receptor mutation on leptin transport across the BBB. Peptides 32:1392-1399
88. Luo N, Marcelin G, Liu SM, Schwartz G, Chua S, Jr. 2011 Neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide mediate complementary functions of hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure in leptin receptor deficiency. Endocrinology 152:883-889
89. Tanowitz HB, Jelicks LA, Machado FS, Esper L, Qi X, Desruisseaux MS, Chua SC, Scherer PE, Nagajyothi F 2011 Adipose tissue, diabetes and Chagas disease. Adv Parasitol 76:235-250
90. Vong L, Ye C, Yang Z, Choi B, Chua S, Jr., Lowell BB 2011 Leptin action on GABAergic neurons prevents obesity and reduces inhibitory tone to POMC neurons. Neuron 71:142-154
91. Akhter N, Odle AK, Allensworth-James ML, Haney AC, Syed MM, Cozart MA, Chua S, Kineman R, Childs GV 2012 Ablation of Leptin Signaling to Somatotropes: Changes in Metabolic Factors that Cause Obesity. Endocrinology 153:4705-4715
92. Blouet C, Liu SM, Jo YH, Chua S, Schwartz GJ 2012 TXNIP in Agrp Neurons Regulates Adiposity, Energy Expenditure, and Central Leptin Sensitivity. J Neurosci 32:9870-9877
93. Dutia R, Kim AJ, Mosharov E, Savontaus E, Chua SC, Jr., Wardlaw SL 2012 Regulation of prolactin in mice with altered hypothalamic melanocortin activity. Peptides 37:6-12
94. Guo M, Huang TY, Garza JC, Chua SC, Lu XY 2012 Selective deletion of leptin receptors in adult hippocampus induces depression-related behaviours. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 16:857-867
95. Guo M, Lu Y, Garza JC, Li Y, Chua SC, Zhang W, Lu B, Lu XY 2012 Forebrain glutamatergic neurons mediate leptin action on depression-like behaviors and synaptic depression. Transl Psychiatry 2:e83
96. Israel DD, Sheffer-Babila S, de Luca C, Jo YH, Liu SM, Xia Q, Spergel DJ, Dun SL, Dun NJ, Chua SC, Jr. 2012 Effects of leptin and melanocortin signaling interactions on pubertal development and reproduction. Endocrinology 153:2408-2419
97. Marcelin G, Liu SM, Li X, Schwartz GJ, Chua S 2012 Genetic control of ATGL-mediated lipolysis modulates adipose triglyceride stores in leptin-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 53:964-972
98. McKimpson WM, Weinberger J, Czerski L, Zheng M, Crow MT, Pessin JE, Chua SC, Jr., Kitsis RN 2012 The Apoptosis Inhibitor ARC Alleviates the ER Stress Response to Promote beta-Cell Survival. Diabetes 62:183-193
99. Eerola K, Nordlund W, Virtanen S, Dickens AM, Mattila M, Ruohonen ST, Chua SC, Jr., Wardlaw SL, Savontaus M, Savontaus E 2013 Lentivirus mediated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone overexpression in the hypothalamus decreases diet induced obesity in mice. J Neuroendocrinol
100. Lu Z, Marcelin G, Bauzon F, Wang H, Fu H, Dun SL, Zhao H, Li X, Jo YH, Wardlaw S, Dun N, Chua S, Jr., Zhu L 2013 pRb is an obesity suppressor in hypothalamus and high-fat diet inhibits pRb in this location. EMBO J 32:844-857
101. Marcelin G, Liu SM, Schwartz GJ, Chua SC, Jr. 2013 Identification of a loss-of-function mutation in Ube2l6 associated with obesity resistance. Diabetes 62:2784-2795
102. Warne JP, Varonin JM, Nielsen SS, Olofsson LE, Kaelin CB, Chua S, Jr., Barsh GS, Koliwad SK, Xu AW 2013 Coordinated regulation of hepatic energy stores by leptin and hypothalamic agouti-related protein. J Neurosci 33:11972-11985
103. Marcelin G, Jo YH, Li XS, Schwartz G, Zhang Y, Dun NJ, Lyu RM, Blouet C, Chang JK, Chua S Jr. 2013 Central action of FGF19 reduces hypothalamic AGRP/NPY neuron activity and improves glucose metabolism. Molecular Metabolism, in press.
104. Sheffer-Babila S, Sun Y, Israel DD, Liu SM, Neal-Perry G, Chua SC Jr. 2013 Agouti-related peptide plays a critical role in leptin's effects on female puberty and reproduction. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism, in press.
Material in this section is provided by individual faculty members who are solely responsible for its accuracy and content.