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The wonderful crescendo to our worship this morning comes in the thrill of examining the truth of God. I would invite you to take your Bible and open it to Matthew 14. I have to confess to those of you who weren't here last Lord's Day that we began a message last week that I didn't finish, so we'll finish today what I began last time. It may leave you a little bit empty in terms of getting the full impact, but we do that from time to time because it increases our tape sales. So I regret that, but we'll trust the Lord to minister to our hearts in spite of your not having heard last week's message. Let's look at Matthew 14, and I'll read for you verses 22-33 as the setting for our study this morning.
"Immediately Jesus made His disciples get into the boat and go before Him to the other side, while He sent the multitudes away. And when He had sent the multitudes away, He went up on the mountain by Himself to pray. Now when evening came, He was alone there. But the boat was now in the middle of the sea, tossed by the waves, for the wind was contrary. Now in the fourth watch of the night Jesus went to them, walking on the sea. And when the disciples saw Him walking on the sea, they were troubled, saying, 'It is a ghost!' And they cried out for fear. But immediately Jesus spoke to them, saying, 'Be of good cheer! It is I; do not be afraid.' And Peter answered Him and said, 'Lord, if it is You, command me to come to You on the water.' So He said, 'Come.' And when Peter had come down out of the boat, he walked on the water to go to Jesus. But when he saw that the wind was boisterous, he was afraid; and beginning to sink he cried out, saying, 'Lord, save me!' And immediately Jesus stretched out His hand and caught him, and said to him, 'O you of little faith, why did you doubt?' And when they got into the boat, the wind ceased. Then those who were in the boat came and worshiped Him, saying, 'Truly You are the Son of God.'"
The last verse is the purpose of everything else - worshiping the Son of God. When we proclaim the name of Jesus, as the disciples of old, we are very much aware of the kinds of response that we can expect, just as they were. We are aware because we too have heard the teaching of Jesus.
In Matthew 13, His teaching was that there would be four general kinds of response to the message of the Gospel. He likened the responses of men to soil; there would be hard, stony ground - those who openly and overtly rejected the message. We saw that kind of reaction in Jesus' ministry in Nazareth at the end of chapter 13, when He could not do many mighty works in their midst because of their unbelief. He was rejected by the common folks of His own community. This was stony ground.
We went from the common folks to the uncommon; from the paupers, if you will, to the king. We saw at the beginning of Matthew 14 another illustration of the kinds of soil. We saw Herod, who also openly, overtly, hardly rejected the message of Jesus Christ and would, no doubt, have killed Christ as he killed John the Baptist. So we expect, even in this era of the Kingdom of our Lord, that people will reject with such harshness as they did then.
We then went to a different kind of people. We saw the feeding of the 5,000 and were introduced to the shallow soil, where, for a while, there is interest and something springs up. But it never bears fruit because its roots cannot go deep since it is too shallow.
We also saw the weedy, or thorny ground where it seems to be taking root, it seems to be something that will produce fruit, but because the other weeds have never been dealt with, they choke the life out of that which was planted. We saw that in the multitude, in the crowd who followed Jesus. They were thrill-seekers looking for a political, economic, social answer to their problems. They were seeking a Messiah who would lead a revolt, a leader who could overthrow Rome and deal with the petty dynasty of the Herodians, and give them national liberty. All they really wanted was a political end, food for their stomachs; they were crass, earthy. When Jesus, the day after He had fed them, the day after He had walked on the water, said to them, "The issues that I speak to you about are not the issues of physical food, but rather that you should eat My flesh and drink My blood and fully partake of all I am," when He said that to them, they walked away. It was shallow, weedy soil.
The Lord also gives us, in this passage, an illustration of the good soil, because we find in verse 33 that those who were in the boat came and worshiped Him, saying, "Truly You are the Son of God." It will always be that way when we minister. We can expect that hard resistance, that short-term response that will wither away, and we can also expect the true response, the true worshipers, their hearts prepared by our blessed Lord to receive His word.
We are looking at the disciples and classifying them as the good soil because they believed and responded. They were not like the thrill-seekers; the Lord wouldn't have it that way. I think they were tempted by the events of the day preceding this particular event. I think that when they saw the crowd, as John 6:14-15 says, want to make Jesus king because He had healed them, taught them, and fed them, that it must have seemed, at that juncture, to those disciples that this was that for which they had waited. They thought that all of their ministry, proclamation, anticipation, preparation had reached its climax. They wanted Him as a king, and this was it.
Then, most amazingly, in verse 22, right at the pinnacle of popularity for which they had been striving for two years, when they could see themselves overpowering the hostility and rejection of the political and religious leaders, the populous wanted Him as a king, and yet at the very moment that looked like their moment, He made them get in a boat and go ahead of Him to the other side while He sent the multitudes away.
You see, His Kingdom has never been a political or economic kingdom, or a welfare state, or dealt with physical revolutions. He said to Pilate, "My Kingdom is not of this world." But they must have been disillusioned as they pushed their little boat across the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee, wondering how it was that the Kingdom had not come when it seemed so close.
Our dear Lord wanted to give them a picture of what His Kingdom really was, so first of all, He walked on the water, and that showed them that He was the universal King of all things. Then, He built faith in their hearts, and that showed them that He would mediate the Kingdom which is in the heart of man, in the hearts of those who love and serve Him. So in this incident, in the morning, on the Sea of Galilee, they saw the true King and His true Kingdom. They saw Him ruling the wind and the sea, and ruling the hearts of men. That was the King as the King really defined His Kingdom.
How is it that they can come to such an affirmative statement in verse 33, "You are the Son of God," when they have just come from such a grave disappointment? Later on, when the crowd leaves, the Lord says to them, "Will you also go away?" How is it that Peter, speaking on their behalf, says, "Lord, to whom shall we go? You alone have the words of eternal life, and we believe and are sure that You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God," in John 6:69? How is it that they can be so sure after such a major disappointment? How is it that they aren't saying, "Wait a minute; maybe we've made an awful mistake?" The answer comes in this passage.
This was a very convincing experience. It isn't that this one stands alone, but it simply builds upon all the other experiences they had had: healings, miracle upon miracle, dealing with Satan and demons, banishing disease from Palestine, raising the dead, teaching with teaching that could only have come from the very heart of God. Now, they affirm what they have suspected all along, ever since in John 1, when Jesus first called them, and they said, "This is the Son of God." They said it hopefully then, and they say it more strongly now.
You see, it sort of came and went for them. They said, "This is the Son of God," and then they saw Him rejected, despised, hated, treated with hostility, treated with bitterness, treated with animosity, and began to ask themselves if in fact He was who they said He was. It is very much like John the Baptist, you'll remember, who in John 1:29 says, "Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world," and, "He must increase and I must decrease," but later on, asks the amazing and almost reverse query, "Is He the Coming One, or do we look for another?" That which began as faith sort of got lost somewhere in the hostilities and rejection because it wasn't going the way John thought it ought to go, and the disciples were working through that same thing.
They had just gone through the horrible rejection of chapter 12, where the Pharisees had said Jesus was from Hell. They knew the bitterness, and had been warned about what would happen to them when they went out to evangelize, in chapter 10. Having worked through that, they were asking some questions. Now, after the major disappointment of Him leaving the multitude in the lurch, as it were, when they were about to make Him king, they needed something to confirm to them that He was the Son of God, and Jesus gave them a most monumental and inexplicable and unmistakable evidence: He walked on water. But there was more to it that just that, because in this passage, I think we see demonstrated many of the attributes of God that they had to see in this occasion, and therefore conclude that Jesus was God's Son.
Let me just give you a footnote at the very beginning that will help you understand the whole passage. When they said, "Truly You are the Son of God," that statement 'the Son of God' is an affirmation of the deity of Jesus Christ. It is used 45 times in the New Testament. It is speaking not about Him submitting as a son, but about Him being of the same essence as the Father. It is very much like that common New Testament phrase 'the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,' which again is an emphasis of the fact that Jesus Christ is of the same essence as God; Father and Son are alike, and bear the same life principle. So they are saying, "You are deity. You are God's Son."
In fact, the article isn't even there in verse 33; it is a completely qualitative statement, "You are God's Son. You are one with God." It is that very claim that Jesus made repeatedly, and it was that claim for which He was crucified. But they understood Him to be equal with God, God's Son.
How did they come to that conclusion? How could they possibly say, in the words of Peter, "We are sure," unless this incident gave them some major lessons? First of all, we saw last week that He gave them proof of His divine authority. We saw that in the way that He controlled not only them, but the multitude as well. Secondly, He demonstrated to them His divine knowledge. Verse 23 says He was up on a mountain, praying privately. Even though separated from them by distance and darkness, He knew exactly where they were, what their dilemma was, how to go to them and help them, and He did so, thereby demonstrating to them His infinite knowledge.
Thirdly, we began last time to discuss the fact that He showed them His divine protection. They knew God to be a God of sovereignty and authority, and when they saw that in Christ, they made the obvious connection. They knew God to be a God of knowledge and omniscience, and they saw that in Christ, and also made the same connection. They knew God to be a God of protective care; that was part of their heritage. When they saw Christ meeting their needs and caring for them, it was convincing that He was one with God.
In Psalm 5:11, we find their confidence, "But let all those rejoice who put their trust in You; let them ever shout for joy, because You defend them." They would have sung that psalm, no doubt, that God was a defender of His own. They would have known Psalm 9:9, "The LORD also will be a refuge for the oppressed, a refuge in times of trouble," and Psalm 18, "The LORD is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my shield and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold." They would have known Psalm 23, "Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil; for You are with me," and Psalm 62, where the confidence is that, "He only is my rock and my salvation; He is my defense; I shall not be greatly moved." They would have known Psalm 89, "I will sing of the mercies of the LORD forever; with my mouth will I make known Your faithfulness to all generations."
Those are only samples of what they knew to be true about God. God was a God basically defined by loyal love and faithful, protective care, compassion, and they knew that. When they saw that in Jesus Christ, it was an element of convincing them that this was One who was equal to God, and cared for His own. They had experienced the fact that He had healed them. In fact, Peter himself had known healing in his own family; his wife's mother. They had experienced the fact that He had fed them, and now they see that He meets them in the midst of their disaster and becomes their refuge.
If I were to sum up this marvelous account in one simple statement, I would think the great lesson here is that, with Christ, we need not fear any storm because He is God who protects His own, the protector of His beloved. Let me take it a step further. Jesus had said to the disciples in verses 22-23, "Go to the other side." Mark and John tell us that He sent them toward Capernaum and Bethsaida, which were adjacent cities. The amazing thing is, the text says, that when they started that way, the wind was contrary. It would have been so easy for them to have turned around and gone with the wind back to where they came from. But instead of that, they continued to pursue the direction that the Lord had told them to go, so we find them in the midst of the storm, but we also find them in the midst of obedience.
When a believer is in the place of obedience, no matter how severe the storm, he is as as safe as if he were at home in his own bed, because the place of security is not the place of proper circumstances or of desirable circumstances. The place of security and safety, for the believer, is the place of obedience to the Lord. They were safe in the midst of a storm in obedience.
It is essentially what Jude is saying in that marvelous little epistle, where he says, "Keep yourselves in the love of God." What he means by that is, "Stay within the sphere where God's love is manifest." That sphere is obedience, and therein is God's love poured out on His own. It doesn't matter what the storm, or vicissitude, or the anxiety of the heart; if the bow is pointed toward Capernaum, and that's what the Lord said, you are as safe as you could possibly be, and the Lord shows that to them, and demonstrates not only His desire to protect them, but His ability to protect them.
Remember last time, when I told you that when they left the shore, they took the only boat? They were in the middle and knew the Lord was not there, and they knew the Lord couldn't get there because there was no other boat available. They were at the end of their extremity. What a profound lesson about God's protecting love, when without human resource, when there is no way, He makes the storm His path to save His own.
There was a fourth demonstration of deity, which was His divine love, and we find it in this part of the text that we'll look at this morning, verse 28. Although Matthew and Mark and John record Jesus walking on the water, only Matthew records this particular incident with Peter. "Peter answered Him and said, 'Lord, if it is You, command me to come to You on the water.' So He said, 'Come.'"
I believe this is a picture of God's love; God is not only characterized by sovereign authority and knowledge, and by protecting, delivering care and power, but also by love. We know that. We know enough about the Scripture to know that God is a God of love. In fact, I John 4 says that God is love. As wet is to water, so love is to God. As warm is to the sun, so love is to God. As blue is to the sky, so love is to God. He loves His own with an uninfluenced love, an unending love, an unchanging love, an infinite, perfect, eternal, holy, gracious love.
The way you demonstrate biblical love is to meet a person at his need and meet the need. "God so loved that He gave His only begotten Son," why? Because if He loved, He would meet man at the great need of his sin. In John, it says that if you say you love someone but you close up your compassion to that person, how does God's love dwell in you? Because love is not some kind of sentimentality, whimsy, feeling, or passion; love is a principle, and the principle of meeting needs, taking people from weakness to strength, and we see it here.
Many commentators have discussed why Peter did what he did. It says, "Lord, if it is you," and of course, at first it looked like a phantom to them, and the Greek word means phantom or apparition. Just to be sure, Peter says, "If it's You, Lord, then tell me to come on the water." Some people think this is presumption; that brash, bold, loudmouth Peter is sticking his neck in it again, or his foot, in this case. That he is overstepping his bounds, gone too far, overconfident, and very presumptuous.
That really is a silly argument, I think. I mean, this man has spent his entire life around and on the Sea of Galilee; never has he walked on it. He may have even had difficulty floating in it, but for sure, he had never walked on it. He is no fool. You may give him a certain amount of impetuosity as an element of his character, but the man is not stupid. In the midst of a storm, his presumption would not be the dominating motive. Other commentators suggest that he was showing off, but that is just as silly. Even those of us who are show-offs know the limitations. You don't show off by walking on water, basically. I think that isn't a good explanation.
However, I think there is a very good explanation of why he did what he did. It's this: he wanted to be where Jesus was. Doesn't that seem to make sense? He wanted to be where Jesus was so much that he was willing to climb out of the boat and go to be where He was. You say, "But even wanting to be where Jesus was that much couldn't make you do that." Right, unless you believed that He had the power to hold you up as He was being held up. Simply stated in the text, it is a clear-cut act of affection built on confident faith.
Don't chastise Peter. You say, "Peter fell asleep in the prayer meeting." But we've all fallen asleep in prayer meetings, at least those of us who go to prayer meetings. You say, "He presumptuously tried to divert Christ from the Cross, and the Lord had to say, 'Get behind me, Satan.'" We have all stood as a blockade to the expressed purpose of God, and therefore lined up on the side of the Adversary, have we not? He stood outside the trial of Jesus and denied Him on three occasions, and we have all denied Him, most often by our silence.
You may want to say that Peter was impetuous, and you might be right, but don't ever say that he didn't love the Lord Jesus Christ or that he didn't trust Him, and don't assign to him some kind of silly motive for what he did here. People don't jump out of boats in the middle of the storm to walk on water to show off or demonstrate presumption. The thing that consumed Peter's heart was that he loved Jesus Christ and sensed in His presence tremendous safety. He believed that if the Lord could walk on that stuff, he could get to where He was and be saved in the midst of an environment that he could not control and of which he was in great fear.
I like that in him. I like the fact that he knew he had no resources, and all he could think about doing was running to where Jesus was, even though it wasn't possible. He was consumed with wanting to get to Jesus. I think that Jesus spent most of His ministry going down a road, and when He stopped, Peter would run into the back of Him. I just think that Peter was always there; he longed to be where Jesus was, tried to get as close to Him as he could, even in the time of the trial, when they wouldn't let him in. That's why he was outside, but he hung around as long as he could.
All the while, the Lord is trying to build into that man the character that it is going to take to lead and to be the key and the catalyst in the first years of the history of the church, because he was the first 13 chapters of Acts. All the time, the Lord is trying to build that into him. When he gets his final lesson, that monumental lesson that he gets in the last chapter of John's gospel, and the Lord finally nails down his commitment to ministry, the way the Lord hits him dead between the eyes is to question whether Peter loves Him. That was the crushing blow.
I'm sure there was something in Peter that said, "If all of this has gone by, and it is not yet clear that I love Him, it will be clear from here on out," and it was. The day came when he had to offer his life, tradition tells us, and he requested that he be crucified upside down, because he had not the right to be crucified as His Lord. They tell us that he was a faithful martyr; so he learned his lesson. He loved the Lord Jesus Christ.
In Matthew 17, when they were up on the hill where the transfiguration occurred, he was so blessed to be with Jesus and his close friends, and all of the wonder of what was going on that he said, "Lord, I've got a great plan that will be the end of everything else. I'll build permanent houses here and we'll stay." That, for him, was the pinnacle, Heaven. It was it. He was saying, "Jesus, it's just us. Who needs the rest of them?"
You see, he loved Jesus, and wanted to be where He was. In fact, the Lord went around the table in John 13. He was washing the feet of the disciples who were arguing about who was going to be the greatest in the Kingdom, and no one is going to wash feet when they're trying to show how great they are.
He came to Peter, and Peter couldn't handle the Lord washing his feet, so he says, "Lord, You will never wash my feet! It is beneath You." And the Lord said, "You don't understand My humiliation, Peter. If I don't wash you, you have no part with Me." So Peter says, "Give me a bath. Head, hands, feet; give me the works. I want so much to be a part with You." That was the heart of Peter; in every sense, he wanted to be with Christ.
I love that in him, and that's why he was the leader that he was. That's why he could lead the other apostles, and why he is the first name in the list of the apostles every time it appears in the Bible. He was the leader, and the closest to Jesus Christ, because he wanted to be there and longed to be there. There was security there, safety there, strength there. That is as it should be, and I think he got out of that boat because he wanted to be with Jesus. He had seen enough of the power of Jesus Christ demonstrated and now, seeing Him standing on the water, he believed the Lord could help him walk too.
Look at verse 29; here comes the confirmation of the attitude of Peter. Jesus said, "Come." And may I suggest to you that the Lord never invites anyone to do anything sinful, proud, or presumptuous. When He said, "Come," it had all the tender compassion that a loving father would have for his little child who has longed to see the security and safety of his father's arms and calls for his father to embrace him.
He knew Peter's faith was weak, frail, faulty, that it couldn't withstand the storm any better than the little boat could. But the Lord never rejects frail faith; He takes it and builds it. He never rejects a weak love; He takes it and builds it, because that is the essence of divine love - to take a man or woman where they are and bring them through a trial that increases their capacity to believe God and love Him. That increases their capacity to enjoy life and all that God provides.
So He said, "Come. This is going to be the greatest lesson of your life, Peter." It says in verse 29, "When Peter had come down out of the boat, he walked on the water." He wasn't just walking out there, he was walking to go to Jesus. That's all he had in mind: to go to Jesus. That may be the most significant part of the whole scene, that he was going to Jesus. He wanted to get to Jesus. But this was a hard test, folks. He had seen the Lord handle a storm in Matthew 8, where it tells us that the Lord was in the back of the boat, got up, and said, "Shhhh," and the whole storm stopped. He knew the Lord could handle that, and he had seen that, so his faith carried him that far. He figured the Lord was in control of the whole deal, but when he got out there, the test was a little tougher than he thought.
He is walking on the water, but the waves and the wind are terrifying. It says in verse 30, "But when he saw that the wind was boisterous, he was afraid; and beginning to sink he cried out, saying, 'Lord, save me!'" He wanted to be where Jesus was; his faith got him out of the boat, but he got into a situation unlike any other in his entire life. He had been in the boat in the storm, but he had never been out of the boat in the storm. This is the whole point. We don't need to be taught what we already know; we need to be taught what we don't know yet. How do you build a man but by putting him in an extremity he's never experienced, then showing yourself faithful, powerful in that extremity so that now, he can trust You that much further, right?
I remember a lady who came and wanted me to talk to her about her problem one time. She said, "My problem is that I love my husband so much." I said, "There are a lot of husbands that would like to have someone with your problem - a wife that loves them so much." She said, "But I worry all the time that he will die, and have this great fear that he will die. So much so that I can't enjoy the fact that he is alive."
She just worried all the time that he would die. Her faith could only take her so far. I didn't say it to her at the time, but the best lesson for her would have been for her husband to die, and for her to have seen the sustenance of God in the midst of that. Because then she wouldn't have questioned. Even though the sorrow would be deep and the pain tremendous, when she looked back on it, she never would have questioned the fact that God can sustain a person even through the death of one so precious.
That's what it's all about in life, like when James says that the testing of your faith is ultimately producing perfection. The Lord runs us out as far as our faith will go, and then when our faith ends and we start to sink, He lets us begin to sink. Then we say, "Lord, save me!" and when He does, that extends our faith that much further. That is what the Christian life is all about: learning more and more to trust God, believing Him more and more so that we can step out on faith and attempt those things which we believe ourselves to be inadequate to accomplish.
So Peter was afraid, and that is putting it mildly, and he began to sink. There was no way to swim with everything he had on and in the middle of that storm, so he just cried, "Lord, save me!" Here, we see the loving Lord in verse 31. "Immediately Jesus stretched out His hand and caught him, and said to him, 'O you of little faith, why did you doubt?'"
You know what my answer would have been? "Are you kidding? Look at this storm! I've never been here before; this is more than I've ever experienced!" But the Lord is saying, "Didn't you think I'd catch you? Didn't you think you could trust me in that extremity? Didn't you think I'd sustain you in that thing you've never encountered before? I was here the whole time." The Lord taught him, picked him up.
Let me suggest to you before you condemn him for little faith, that little faith is better than no faith. May I also remind you that our dear Lord said that if you have faith as small as a mustard seed, you could move a mountain? So it doesn't take a whole lot, does it? If little faith will get you out of the boat onto the water, it's pretty substantial stuff.
I think all of us could be characterized as having little faith mixed with doubt. That is why the Lord brings into our lives the difficulties, trials, vicissitudes, struggles, and the pains - so that, going through those things, we see that He sustains us. Little faith grows and grows. Maybe it could be said of us one day, as Jesus said of one dear person, "I have not seen such great faith in all Israel."
Peter learned that Jesus could take care of him when he couldn't take care of himself in the ultimate extremity. It is a wonderful thing to realize that, from two angles. I'll remind you of these; I mentioned them last week. Jesus took care of them in their dilemma; first, in the mountain in intercession. He was up there, praying alone, according to verse 23. He was caring for them in His intercession and caring for them as He walked on the water.
We have, then, the confidence that the Lord Jesus Christ cares for us; His love reaches to express itself to us, to extend our faith, to build us up. That's how His love works in two ways - one, as an intercessory High Priest, praying on our behalf; and two, as the very source of strength who comes to us in the midst of the storm.
In Luke 22, Jesus said to Peter, "Satan has desired to have you, but I have prayed for you, that your faith fail not." Do you realize that, as a Christian, you have that double promise that Jesus Christ prays for you that your faith will not fail? When you get strung out in some deal and begin to question God and Christ and everything you've thought to be true; when you don't know how you're going to handle the extremity; when you've lost perspective in life, it's at that very point that you have the confidence that Jesus Christ intercedes on your behalf and always prays according to the will of the Father? Not only that, but He comes to your rescue? If your boat is pointed to Capernaum and you are following the course of obedience, He is there to rescue you.
Did Peter learn his lesson? Sure he did. When he wrote I and II Peter, I could show you so many ways that he reflects this lesson, but in I Peter 1:6, he says this. "In this you greatly rejoice," that is, in your salvation, "Though now for a little while, if need be, you have been grieved by various trials." So he's saying, "Rejoice in your salvation to come, and the glory that will be yours when you see Christ, even if, need be, you'll be going through heaviness because of your many trials."
So now, he sees the end of the deal, doesn't he? It's OK to be going through these things, "That the genuineness of your faith, being much more precious than gold that perishes, though it is tested by fire, may be found to praise, honor, and glory at the revelation of Jesus Christ." It's making you into what you can be to give God glory, and the greater your faith, the greater you trust Him; the more you trust Him, the more you honor His blessed, trustworthy name. So Peter can look back and say, "All those trials you're going through - I've been there. I learned and you'll learn that that is more precious than gold because it increases your capacity to glorify God."
Lazarus died, and Mary and Martha didn't understand why. They were intimate with Jesus, and had sent word that he was sick, and Jesus was beyond the Jordan. They said, "Come, because he's sick," and He didn't come. Then the word came that he was dead, and not only was he dead, but he was dead for four days. The Jews didn't embalm bodies, so after four days, his body was decayed. In fact, they had a tradition that on the fourth day, the hovering spirit left because it couldn't recognize the form anymore.
Jesus still waited, and finally came on that fourth day, and they said, "Oh, You're too late. You didn't come." But Jesus had run them out to their extremity, to the limit of their faith, and they were sinking. He went over to the grave and said, "Lazarus, come out," and he did. The faith of Mary and Martha jumped from questions about whether the Lord could heal to no questions about whether He could raise the dead. That's increasing faith, and a great lesson. No wonder He said to them, "Stay calm, ladies, and you will see the glory of God." They would, then, have had greater capacity to give Him glory. Oh how He loves His own!
I see Him in this, demonstrating that divine love, reaching out to a frail, weak disciple, taking him where he was, not condemning him for his weakness but building on it to strength.
There is a final point that I only mention in passing because it's so obvious. I believe they saw here the Son of God because also, He demonstrated divine power. Verse 32. They had seen enough, with Him walking on the water and all the rest, but it says so matter-of-factly, "When they got into the boat, the wind ceased." It all just stopped. Then it tells us that the boat was instantly at the shore. They were in the middle of the sea, the storm stopped, and in a blink, they're at the shore. It was sort of a personal, private look at how the Rapture might be. Mark 6:51 says, "They were amazed, and wondered greatly." Then he adds as a little post script that they must have forgotten about the feeding the day before. They should be amazed? This is routine.
Then it says that they worshiped Him. You see, they knew that power belongs only to God, because they knew Psalm 62:11, and also Psalm 89:6, which says, "Who in the heavens can be compared to the LORD? Who among the sons of the mighty can be likened to the LORD?" and Job 26:14, which says, "The thunder of His power, who can understand?" They knew that God was almighty El Shaddai, and when they saw Christ demonstrate that, there was little question but that He was one with God. So they worshiped Him.
What is the message for you? Worship Him; how can you not worship Him? He demonstrated the sovereignty of God, the omniscience of God, the protective care of God, the divine love of God, the power of God; how can He be else but God in human flesh? You are called, as they were, by the clear sight of what He did to bow the knee. The word worship is proskuneo, which is to bow, to kiss toward, and they did it. It says, "All of them," overwhelmed with the affirmation that this was the Son of God - one with God.
In closing, I draw your attention to the call of the Apostle Paul in Philippians 2:9. This is the ultimate expression of God's purpose for Jesus Christ; listen to it. "Therefore God also has highly exalted Him and given Him the name which is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven, and of those on earth, and of those under the earth, and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father."
Listen, God calls you to bow the knee to Jesus Christ; they did it, and were good soil, and they bore much fruit. They knew they were in the presence of Him of whom the psalmist said, "Thy way is in the sea, and thy path is in the great waters, and thy footsteps are not understood," in Psalm 77:19. They knew they were in the presence of Him of whom the prophet Habakkuk said, "You walked through the sea, through the heap of great waters." They knew they were in the presence of Him whom Job 9:8 said, "He treads upon the waves of the sea." This was God, and they worshiped Him as such.
Father, as we come to conclusion of our fellowship of worship this morning, it is with deep gratitude in our hearts that we have met; the wonder, majesty, and beauty of the music lingers in our minds. The beauty of the scene on the Sea of Galilee that night is fresh again. We see our blessed Lord walking on the water, and see all of the display of His marvelous person, and we conclude with those in the frail rowboat, "Truly, You are the Son of God."
This article is also available and sold as a booklet.
This sermon series includes the following messages:
Please contact the publisher to obtain copies of this resource.Publisher Information


text:
It's official. TMZ has learned ... Nicki Minaj will be Britney Spears' opening act for her upcoming concert tour.
Sources involved in the negotiation tell TMZ ... the deal was signed several days ago, and Britney is elated. Everyone involved in the concert is relieved Enrique Iglesias' ego couldn't handle opening for Britney and feel Nicki will be infinitely better.
Minaj, who is on tour with Lil Wayne until the end of the month, currently has two singles on the Billboard Top 100 -- "Moment 4 Life" and "Did It On'em"
Everyone connected with the concert series thinks Nicki will create even more heat for the tour, which kicks off on June 17 in Sacramento, CA.
TMZ broke the story Nicki and Britney were in serious negotiations.
Right after we posted that story, the comments and emails were almost unanimous that Nicki is an infinitely better choice than Enrique.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
New here and greetings!
I've downloaded the trial and am very pleased. I'd been a Eudora user (paid) for many years but they, of course, have now discontinued the stand alone. I've tried working with Thunderbird and it's just not for me.
Anyway, I like PocoMail and will likely make it my email of choice. But I have a purchase question. I'd tried PM once before and when I went to install it, I got a message stating that I could have it for free and just to reinstall after uninstalling. I didn't then and haven't found the message since.
Is there a beta in the works or a special offer floating around? If not, that's cool but I figured it couldn't hurt to ask.
Thanks for the help and, to the PTB, thanks for a nice app.


text:
George Russell (1923–2009) was one of the charter faculty who led the NEC jazz studies program, beginning in 1969 and beyond his official retirement in 2004, when he became a Distinguished Artist-in-Residence Emeritus. He remained a cornerstone of the NEC jazz community through his death on July 27, 2009. Russell, his music, and his ideas are inextricably woven into the international history and culture of jazz and music that has learned from jazz, and his legacy is found in NEC's all-embracing approach to the study of music.
For almost 40 years, every jazz student at NEC was exposed to Russell's music and ideas, even if they did not work with him directly as a studio teacher. Up to his retirement, Russell spent almost every spring semester with the players of the NEC Jazz Orchestra, studying and rehearsing his music for a traditional end-of-semester concert. Due to the aleatory elements in Russell's music, this nuanced composer/performer experience prepared generations of NEC alumni to be uniquely qualified interpreters of these large-scale works.
A hugely influential, innovative figure in the evolution of modern jazz, Russell was one of its greatest composers, and its most important theorist. His 1953 book The Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization is credited as a great pathbreaker into modal music, as pioneered by Miles Davis and John Coltrane. His second volume on the Lydian Concept, The Art and Science of Tonal Gravity, was published in 2001. All of the music's most important developments—from modal improvisation to electronics, African polyrhythms to free form, atonality to jazz rock—have taken cues from Russell's pioneering work.
Russell's Living Time Orchestra has performed throughout the world, including the Barbican Centre and Queen Elizabeth Hall in London, the Festival d'Automne and Cîté de la Musique in Paris, and Tokyo Music Joy. His career as a leader is preserved on more than 30 recordings, including work with such musicians as Bill Evans, John Coltrane, Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach, and Jan Garbarek.
Among Russell's awards are a MacArthur Fellowship, the NEA American Jazz Master Award, two Guggenheim Fellowships, six NEA grants, three Grammy nominations, the American Music Award, the British Jazz Award, the Kennedy Center Living Jazz Legend Award, the Swedish Jazz Federation Lifetime Achievement Award, and election to the Royal Swedish Academy of Music. NEC bestowed an honorary Doctor of Music degree on George Russell in 2005.
Russell's commissions include the British Council, Swedish Broadcasting, the Glasgow International Festival, the Barbican Centre, and the Massachusetts Council on the Arts. He taught throughout the world, and was a guest conductor for Finnish, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, German, and Italian radio. Russell has been the subject of documentaries by NPR, NHK Japan, Swedish Broadcasting, and the BBC.
in photo: George Russell conducts in NEC's Jordan Hall in 2003 as part of celebration of Jordan Hall centennial (photo by Tom Fitzsimmons)


text:
We may be in the midst of drought, but the state this month is launching what will likely be a controversial study of Delta levees - specifically, which ones should receive public funds to make them more resilient in the face of future floods.
We may be in the midst of drought, but the state this month is launching what will likely be a controversial study of Delta levees - specifically, which ones should receive public funds to make them more resilient in the face of future floods.
Officials want to prioritize the levees to determine which ones get the money, and, by extension, which of the low-lying agricultural islands protected by those levees are most important.
It's a scenario that will end with winners and losers, which might explain why a recently released description of the study acknowledges that the results will be controversial and "sensitive."
Delta advocates have frowned upon picking and choosing levees for improvement, instead calling for consistent minimum standards to protect the estuary's vast stretches of farmland, not to mention residents and other infrastructure. They have called for such improvements as an alternative to Gov. Jerry Brown's proposed twin tunnels plan.
"The Delta perspective is that the levees all operate as a system out there," said Tom Zuckerman, an attorney for Delta landowners. "You can't just walk away from any of the larger levees without creating a problem for the rest of them, through what ultimately becomes a kind of domino effect."
For example, if a levee is allowed to deteriorate and fail, wave action from the resulting flood can damage other neighboring levees.
Zuckerman said it's not clear what's going to come out of the new study. He said he doesn't believe it's the state's intent to stop protecting islands entirely, even if they rank low on the list.
But some are saying that public funds should go only toward levees that provide clear public benefits. The governor's former point man on the tunnels project, Jerry Meral, wrote just that in a letter last month.
He suggested, among other things, that money from a proposed Deltawide assessment district should not go toward protecting private islands that do not provide water supply, recreational or fish and wildlife benefits.
The new study is just one element of a broad Delta Plan approved by the Delta Stewardship Council. The 2009 water reform legislation that created the council also called for it to prioritize state investment in the levees.
More than $700 million in public funds have been spent since the 1970s improving the levee system, which totals about 1,100 miles, said Dan Ray, chief deputy executive officer with the stewardship council.
And that doesn't include money put in by the landowners.
It's been almost 10 years since the last significant levee break, but many still consider the system to be vulnerable.
The new study is "trying in part to identify what would be the most important things to do if we can't do everything," Ray said.
A related proposal to establish a flood-protection assessment district in the Delta would ensure that everyone who benefits from the increased flood protection helps pay for it - not only the landowners, but the owners of infrastructure too, like the large power lines that cross the estuary.
Ray said the results of the study could take the form of recommendations to the Legislature for investment.
He said it would be "premature" to conclude that the study will determine which islands are worth preserving in their current form, and which are not.
Jeff Mount, a geologist and senior fellow with the Public Policy Institute of California, said it makes sense to prioritize investments where public money is concerned.
"The worst thing you can do is to take a fixed amount of money and spread it equally everywhere," he said. "When the taxpayers are putting that money in, it's perfectly fair to acquire the highest return on investment - or at least, ask for it."
At the same time, he said the current program in which landowners share the cost of levee maintenance with the state has been "very successful."
Contact reporter Alex Breitler at (209) 546-8295 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him at recordnet.com/breitlerblog and on Twitter @alexbreitler.


text:
Far-Flung Supernovae Shed Light on Dark Universe
New Hubble Space Telescope observations of a pair of very distant exploding stars, called Type Ia supernovae, provide new clues about the accelerating universe and its mysterious "dark energy." Astronomers used the telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys to help pinpoint the supernovae, which are approximately 5 billion and 8 billion light-years from Earth. The farther one exploded so long ago the universe may still have been decelerating under its own gravity.
Far-Flung Supernova Sheds Light on Dark Universe
Astronomers using the NASA Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) have found two supernovae that exploded so long ago they provide new clues about the accelerating universe and its mysterious "dark energy." The supernovae are approximately 5 and 8 billion light-years from Earth. The farther one exploded so long ago the universe may still have been decelerating under its own gravity.
"We're trying to fill in a blank region where the universe's rate of expansion switched from deceleration due to gravity to acceleration due to the repulsive force of dark energy," says John Blakeslee, an associate ACS research scientist at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., and lead author of a new paper due out in the June Astrophysical Journal. "That's a real challenge, but the ACS is making it very straightforward to find distant supernovae and get detailed information about them."
"This beautifully demonstrates that the ACS is a 'supernova machine' for probing the early universe," says co-investigator Holland Ford, who headed the team that developed the ACS camera that was installed on Hubble in March 2002. According to the Johns Hopkins astronomers, the supernovae they discovered will be just the first of many to be identified with the ACS.
Coupled with Hubble's powerful vision, the ACS can pick out the faint glow of the distant supernovae. The ACS can then dissect their light (by spectroscopy) to measure their distances, study how they fade, and confirm that they are a special type of exploding star that are reliable distance indicators.
In 2001 Hubble astronomers found a supernova even farther away. It offered the first evidence the expanding universe was once decelerating. Astronomers are using Hubble's new camera to go supernova hunting for supporting evidence. "We have enough data on the new supernovae to constrain both their distance and the amount of dust obscuration," says Blakeslee. The filtering effects of interstellar dust can lead to misinterpretation of the cosmic distances unless carefully taken into account.
Type Ia supernovae are believed to be white dwarf stars that pull in gas from an orbiting companion star. The white dwarf siphons off mass until it hits a critical point where a thermonuclear "burning" wave of oxygen, carbon, and heavier elements immolates the star in a few seconds. The physics of the explosions is so similar from star to star that all Type Ia supernovae glow at a predictable peak brightness. This makes them reliable objects for calibrating vast intergalactic distances.
The supernovae were found when ACS team members Daniel Magee (University of California at Santa Cruz) and Zlatan Tsvetanov (Johns Hopkins University) compared earlier Hubble images of the same patch of sky with new ACS images and identified the two supernovae. Follow-up observations were then conducted with ACS and other Hubble instruments to get a detailed fix on their intensities and distances from Earth.
Information from studies of Type Ia supernovae confronted astronomers about five years ago with the stunning, unexpected revelation that galaxies appeared to be moving away from each other at an ever-increasing speed. They've attributed this accelerating expansion to a mysterious factor known as dark energy that is believed to permeate the universe.
Looking farther away into the universe (and, because of the distances involved, further into the past), they've seen evidence that gravity was at that time slowing the expansion of the universe. Astronomers have very little data, though, on the period of transition between these two phases, when the repulsion produced by dark energy began to surpass the tug of gravity.
"Continued studies of supernovae will allow us to uncover the full history of the universal expansion," Blakeslee says. "The sharper images, wider viewing area, and keener sensitivity of ACS should allow astronomers to discover roughly 10 times as many of these cosmic beacons as was possible with Hubble's previous main imaging camera."
NASA and J. Blakeslee (JHU)
Ray Villard
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD
(Phone: 410/338-4514; E-mail: email@example.com)
Michael Purdy
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
(Phone: 410/516-7160; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com)
Holland Ford
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
(Phone: 410/516-8653; E-mail: email@example.com)


text:
I will be guest hosting Dennis Fetcho's Inside the Eye Live! program on Revolution Radio on September 28, 2013 from 10 AM to 1 PM Eastern.
I am looking to have a featured guest for part of the show, and I plan to discuss economics and politics, with some talk relevant to the situation in the Middle East, given the flavour of the show, with Dennis Fetcho having regularly broadcast from Amman, Jordan, and now from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dennis is a former fellow broadcaster on Oracle Broadcasting.
For more on Dennis Fetcho, see my articles:
1) Testing the limits of free speech in Saudi Arabia
2) Dennis Fetcho interviews Alan Hart, author of Zionism: The Real Enemy of the Jews


text:
Special Guest Ghoul Melissa Ordway!
Things get spooky this Halloween on THE PRICE IS RIGHT, Thursday, Oct. 31 (11:00 AM-12:00 Noon, ET; 10:00-11:00 AM, PT). Fans won't believe their eyes as Count Drew-cula makes his entrance and the disembodied head of George Gray invites costumed audience members to "Come on Down." Prizes so good they're scary will be presented by zombie-model Rachel Reynolds and special guest ghoul Melissa Ordway of "The Young and the Restless" (pictured). Photo: CBS ©2013 CBS Broadcasting, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Christian Flagstadt is studying at the Sacred Heart Major Seminary in Detroit, MI
Please remember him in your prayers and when sending out your Christmas cards!
Seminarians address-
Sacred Heart Major Seminary, c/o (Seminarian Name),
2701 W. Chicago Blvd
Detroit, MI 48206
News from Sacred Heart
Hello! It has been over a month since I have written! It has been a good, but very busy semester thus far! It has been so busy that I find myself already in mid-terms week. The great blessing after mid-terms week is a weekend get-away we call "Days of Recollection". It is an awesome weekend away from the seminary (typically at some remote retreat center) where you spend time with your class and have time for individual prayer, reflection, relaxation and good fraternity. I had the unique opportunity to attend the Sistine Chapel Choir (the Pope's choir) concert back in September. The choir made its first trip back to America in thirty years with stops in NYC, Detroit, and Washington D.C. The music was outstanding! Looking ahead, the whole seminary community gets to attend the Beatification Mass of Solanus Casey at Ford Field on November 18th. If you don't know much of his story, I suggest doing some research. (Almost) Blessed Solanus Casey has a beautiful witness of joy and obedience, and it is humbling that the church officially recognizes this holy man who made such an impact right here in Detroit. In just about a month I will be home for thanksgiving and am very much anticipating it! I can only spend so much time in the Lower Peninsula J I continue to keep you in prayer in thanksgiving for all the ways you have been such blessing to me and look forward to my next visit home. -Christian


text: A softly-lit Booches' burger, back in the days of the Hostess bun. Genevieve Howard/Flickr.com hide caption toggle caption Genevieve Howard/Flickr.com The Salt Booches' Famous Burgers Seek New Buns After Hostess Plant Closes KBIA November 30, 2012 It's not just Twinkie hoarders and Ding Dong lovers that feel the pain of the Hostess factory closings. For the first time in about 40 years, Booches Billiard Hall in Columbia, Mo. has to go elsewhere to source the buns for its famous burgers. Regulars say they are adapting to the change.


text:
Hairdresser Varese
Starters and stylists:
Designer and manager of great experience, manages the new center Enzo Night Beauty "Backstage Night Club, located in the center of Varese.
Enzo is flanked by Alessia and Sabrina, daughter of the designer and skilled professionals, who coordinate the team capitanatola Fabio and six expert hairdressers, who follow an intensive training program within the group "Mod's Hair Paris.
Style environment:
The space is structured on two levels, featuring a modern look, essential, both glamorous and natural. Neo Zen environment, characterized by sophisticated detailing and neutral colors: brown leather seating, large mirrors and ivory walls, linear furniture and steel by the most famous international designers. Reserved and functional, very comfortable, and stylish, the show is completed by a booth reserved for treatments "Rituels K?rastase, furnished with a chair massage shiatsu.
Opening Days:
Tuesday - Saturday 09:00 to 18:30
Hairdresser Varese
21100 - Varese (VA)
tel. +39 0332 830866


text:
2011-11-29 23 and Me Tues Night
Start: 21:05:37
AYWalton: Hey there, Ms. Selma!!! How are you?
Selma: Good evening AY...you here early
AYWalton: true.
Selma: Hanging in there..and you?
AYWalton: have you been on the phone a lot the last 2 days? Every time I call your cell it says you are on the phone. You there?
Selma: No...something is wrong with one of my phones....and made the others not to work.. My cell is working..
AYWalton: I see.
Selma: Half the time I can't find my cell..it is in my purse..
AYWalton: Whenever I called, I think it was the number ending in 2312, I get a voice message.
Seventies Soulchild: good evening all
AYWalton: Hey SoulChile!!
Seventies Soulchild: Hey AYWalton, Selma.
Selma: That is my house number
AYWalton: ahhhh ok. I had it stored in my cell phone as being your cell phone number. lol
Selma: A friend got me on my cell phone this evening..she had been calling me at home all day...was on her way here to make sure I was OK Evening seventies...
AYWalton: lol, well I was wondering myelf.
Selma: Nice to know that folks are checking up on me..
AYWalton: I was wondering, for sure! Glad you are doing ok.
Seventies Soulchild: I got my reservation for D.C. the week after the Christmas holidays. We'll be in the city over Kwanzaa
AYWalton: I was calling to ask if you had another copy of that map!! I have been tearing up the house looking for it! You know the one I mean--of Hampton showing the contraband camps. I am going nuts looking for it.
Selma: I will check tomorrow AY..what the heck did you do with it.. Thats great Seventies..you are so organized
AYWalton: It is here somewhere with my "stuff" and ou know how that is!
Seventies Soulchild: lol you're kidding right? lol
AYWalton: I found the other map and thought it would be close by. then I started wondering if I left it in Hampton--but I don't think I did. I recall packing it up. (I think.) lol
Selma: Are you going to be researching seventies..or just hanging out in DC
AYWalton: I made the blog post without it, but I still want to have a copy of it. It is such an excellent map!!!
Seventies Soulchild: I was browsing through some records online today at CWSS and on Afrigeneas for USCTs in Alabama...
Selma: Find anything interesting Seventies?
AYWalton: hope you found some useful data SoulChile.
Seventies Soulchild: It looks like there was only one regiment out of Alabama... surprising. I was hoping to find some of my alabama relatives in the USCT there.
Selma: How many men in a regiment AY?
Seventies Soulchild: Seems like Mississippi was the hotbed of USCTs
Selma: Is it possible they enlisted in another state Seventies..
Seventies Soulchild: In this regiment I looked at there were about 2800 soldiers.
AYWalton: SoulChile see if this post is useful: http://usctchronicle.blogspot.com/2011/05/battlegrounds-of-us-colored-troops.html and Virginia as well.
Selma: I was just about to say something about your post AY
AYWalton: Depends on where there was the most action in the War.
Seventies Soulchild: Ok my ancestor Benjamin Thompson 82nd USCT fought at Ft. Blakely. 82nd also fought in Florida.
Selma: BRB
AYWalton: sounds interesting! will you be at the Archives or where?
Seventies Soulchild: It was. This is the soldier with the 300 page pension file. My plan is to go to the Archives and to L of C I am hoping to get my hands on some city directories.
AYWalton: City Directories---they are not likely to be at the Archives. Perhaps the Library of Congress.
Seventies Soulchild: Oh yes that's where I'm also planning on going LOC
Selma: I sent you two an email with an attachment see if you can open
Seventies Soulchild: ok
AYWalton: ok bacj
Selma: Have you managed to read all 300 pages seventies?
Seventies Soulchild: Ok opening now in adobe pdf, selma
Selma: Yes...
Seventies Soulchild: That medical stuff bored me to pieces
AYWalton: got it Selma. Opening up easily.
Selma: These were examples from Alabama RG 105...
Seventies Soulchild: But there were some jewels in there. like where he was taken from, and lots of witness statements.
AYWalton: wow Selma!
Seventies Soulchild: Ok thank you Selma.
AYWalton: that is one of the regiments captured with Uncle Sephus. the 110th and 111th were captured! I see soldiers from the 110th!!! it refers to them being Prisoners of War.
Selma: You mean on what I just sent you?
AYWalton: yes!!!
Seventies Soulchild: Nice!
Selma: I just kinda went thru and made images of this and that... I will get the exact Roll number for you tomorrow
Seventies Soulchild: well its greatly appreciated Selma.
AYWalton: great document!!! Bounty records! Thank you so much!
Selma: Didn't the Louis Diggs center get the alabama rolls
Seventies Soulchild: Hello jhonora
AYWalton: hey hey hey, it's honora!!
Selma: Evening jhonora..how come you are not studying
AYWalton: hey there jhonora!
Seventies Soulchild: These RG microfilms are available at the Archives, right?
jhonora: Hello Selma, Seventies Soulchild! Hey AYWalton!
AYWalton: yes they are.
jhonora: Just taking a break, Selma, wanted to see what you all were discussing
Selma: Yes...I am going to see if I can find an extra copy of the descriptive pamphlet for you..and mail got your address..
AYWalton: greetings, VKN!!!!
vkn: Heyyyyyyyyy yall
Seventies Soulchild: I figured as much jhonora... finals should be coming up shortly, huh?
jhonora: Hey vkn!
Seventies Soulchild: hey vkn
jhonora: Yes, Selma, week after next
vkn: brrrrrrrrr cold here
Seventies Soulchild: I heard y'all got snow... wow
AYWalton: temps down there?
Selma: We were discussing that we need to get you graduated and employed so you can support our social security
vkn: with snow flakes in high places
Seventies Soulchild: what social security???
Selma: LOL
vkn: sociable insecurity lol
Seventies Soulchild: We hit 70 yesterday and 65 today...
jhonora: Selma, that is funny. Hopefully there will be Soc. Sec. when I retire
Seventies Soulchild: Hey I am hoping the same thing for myself jhonora
vkn: In the upper 30's ayw
AYWalton: wow that is chilly. It is in the high 40s here.
Seventies Soulchild: yes that is chilly... wow
AYWalton: greetings, khathu!!
Selma: Evening Khathu...
Seventies Soulchild: Hey Khathu!
Khathu: good evening everyone
Seventies Soulchild: Are you out in Cali?
Khathu: No I am leaving first thing in the morning. I have a 7:00 flight
Seventies Soulchild: ok have a safe trip. And bring back some warm weather upon your return...
Khathu: I need to start packing
AYWalton: hope all is well with the family. how long will you be there?
Khathu: For a week. My sister had a stroke last week
Selma: So sorry to hear that Khathu...
Khathu: She is paralyzed on the right side.
AYWalton: so very sorry to hear that! how is her speech? I know that strokes are so devastating. Is that where most of your family is located, Khathu? I have a cousin who had a major stroke over 10 years ago.
Seventies Soulchild: They can be very devastating depending on the severity.
AYWalton: she is still struggling but gets around to most family events, though.
Khathu: My immediate family is there I have some cousins here in the DC Metro that I haven't met yet
Seventies Soulchild: Oh really.
AYWalton: where did you grow up, khathu? I somehow think of you as a Washingtonian. I guess because you work there.
Khathu: Oakland, CA I have only been in DC for 7 years
AYWalton: I see. And Oakland is home? Oh---that's right Terry said he remembers you in California!
Seventies Soulchild: Khathu is very worldly... I had no idea he was from Oakland, CA... Heyyyy Sadonya!
Khathu: Really Seventies?
Seventies Soulchild: yeah... really.
sadonya: Seventies Soulchild hello
Khathu: Hello Sadonya
jhonora: Hello sadonya
sadonya: Khathu jhonora hey there
AYWalton: Howdy sadonya!!!!!
sadonya: AYWalton hey there
Selma: Evening Sadonya
AYWalton: good to see you!!
sadonya: Selma hello I just looked at the time I forget every week
Seventies Soulchild: I know its almost 10 pm EST... lol
sadonya: so whats been happening I am spanked
Seventies Soulchild: Everything! :}
Khathu: i need to start packing
sadonya: where you going? did everyone here take the 23andMe DNA test?
AYWalton: I did, sadonya.
Seventies Soulchild: Have the kit, but waiting for granddad
sadonya: waiting?
jhonora: Is it still available
sadonya: yes
AYWalton: oh yes---jhonora. they are no where near the 10,000 they are trying to get.
Seventies Soulchild: Yes, because of NYS laws I can't mail the kit from NY so have to mail it from out of state.
AYWalton: and you get two per household.
sadonya: Seventies Soulchild you and granddad should take it
Seventies Soulchild: Yah, but the results are still very confusing. I have been following the test results on facebook.
AYWalton: SoulChile, you can mail it from your state.
Seventies Soulchild: Seems like they just give you the bare minimum
Khathu: yes mail it when you come to DC
AYWalton: They just might not send it to you there. MD has similar laws. I mailed mine with no problem.
Seventies Soulchild: I got a pop up telling me that I couldn't. I can get the results here though, but the test has to be mailed from another state.
AYWalton: do you have the kit? change your address on your profile.
sadonya: Seventies Soulchild you wont understand everything but it gives you infor you will understand and will help u
Seventies Soulchild: ok
jhonora: Forgive me, but what precisely will the 23 and me test tell us?
AYWalton: and the stuff on Facebook---lots of it is gobbledegook---all of those markers and percentages on tribal data. Just have fun with the health data and the relative finder.
sadonya: Angela would you share
AYWalton: Jhonora, this is the Admixture test---the one that reveals some data for you in percentages. It used to be known as DNAPrint. But---the purpose of the massive drive is for health information---and much of that is useful too.
jhonora: Admixture is the one that Skip always does, right?
Seventies Soulchild: Did anyone get the Admixture special e-mail from African Ancestry?
sadonya: Angela what are your percentages?
AYWalton: But to lure us genealogists, they throw in some fun features like the admixture data. Yes, he does that. and so does Megan Smolenyak.
jhonora: right
AYWalton: My percentages are 67% African, 25% European, and 8 percent Asian (which is usually the NA segment) I wrote a piece about it on my blog: http://myancestorsname.blogspot.com/2011/10/my-ancestral-painting-from-23andme.html You can see my ancestral painting.
Seventies Soulchild: What is the average % of Europeans for African Americans?
AYWalton: a lot of gobbledegook with the image, but that's ok. I am also finding some cousins as well.
Seventies Soulchild: European Ancestry.
AYWalton: I don't know if there is an average. since most black folks have not taken the test---how can there be an average?
sadonya: I would think its different with each individual
AYWalton: and then one can say--light skinned black folks, vs. dark skinned black folks, and what about the folks in between? and keep in mind your report will be different from a sibling's report.
sadonya: My brown skinned daughter had 4 children .. 2 dark and 2 light
AYWalton: because unless you are are identical twins and have the exact same face and features--thye have to be different.
sadonya: and her husbands were darker than her
jhonora: Oh really? I thought admixture was genetically the same from parents?
sadonya: no
Khathu: good night everyone...i need to start packing
AYWalton: they will have probably 4 different ancestral paintings.
jhonora: I know that phenotypes are different
AYWalton: sadonya, have you gotten results yet?
sadonya: not yet
AYWalton: how long ago was it? their turn around is good.
sadonya: been 2 weeks now
AYWalton: Jhonora, the test is free. this is a $300 test! (or is it $400?)
sadonya: got an email they received it and another one asking me to do a survey $399
jhonora: I'll definitely get a kit
AYWalton: oh gracious---those surveys take forever. I have done so many of them.
sadonya: I did one
AYWalton: I am anxious to see when you get your results Sadonya.
sadonya: me too
AYWalton: If we are matches on FamilyTreeDNA it should show up!
Seventies Soulchild: I thought it was $99?
sadonya: especially interested in whether or not we will match up
AYWalton: Sadonya and I are high resolution DNA cousins on FamilyTreeDNA.
sadonya: its free to us Seventies Soulchild
Seventies Soulchild: That is annoying, the whole idea of a survey.
AYWalton: it is free, Soulchile. How did you miss that? that's the best price in town!
sadonya: lol
Seventies Soulchild: I have the kits, but I thought the normal price was $99?
AYWalton: that is why everyone is taking it!!!!
sadonya: you went to the wrong page for aa its free
Seventies Soulchild: Yes I have my free kits.
AYWalton: oh---then I am confused. oh I see what you meant. You thought the value of it was $99.
Seventies Soulchild: yes
sadonya: there is a $99 price and a $399 price
Seventies Soulchild: ahhhh
AYWalton: it is normally $399. That is how they can do all of the testing for the health data.
sadonya: I went through the website thorougly
AYWalton: that is the real focus of the test---for health. you can learn if you are genetically predisposed to certain kinds of diseases. It is useful data. I have enjoyed all of the the data that I have received so far.
jhonora: I have a page asking for my email when registration is available. Is this correct?
sadonya: that to me is worth every penny.... lol
Seventies Soulchild: Ok sounds good. LOL Sadonya
AYWalton: Sadonya when you get your data---it will take another week before they upload your family finder information.
sadonya: okay
AYWalton: that will be searching their system to match with other people.
Selma: Folks..I have to run..Good night..
Seventies Soulchild: nite Selma
sadonya: jhonora your page should say submit first
AYWalton: you will have to call me when you get your results!
sadonya: then ask for your date
Seventies Soulchild: Its after 10 pm too.. I have got to go. talk to you all tomorrow.
jhonora: I'm at 23andme.com/roots
AYWalton: that's it, jhonora.
sadonya: no ad ad to the end 23andme.com/roots/ad
AYWalton: you see where it says AncestralOrigins. click on that. then click on order. But read all of the info first so you will understand. and when you order the bill will come up with a $0 balance due. Well, I too had better run. I see sadonya is back---she must have gotten bumped. I am going to slip out the door, in the meantime.
sadonya: yes for a min
AYWalton: have a good one folks.


text: The ships, aircraft and submarines of the Royal Navy are equipped with a wide variety of weapons that provide the Fleet the ability to combat threats from any possible aggressor. Weapons systems range from the large, long-range nuclear deterrent ballistic missiles carried in the Trident submarines to the small close range systems that protect a ship's immediate vicinity. While individual units are equipped with different weapons systems and have different capabilities, all of the Royal Navy's systems are designed to operate together, providing comprehensive layered defence and potent offensive capability when required.


text:
INTERNATIONAL. Marc Faber the Swiss fund manager and Gloom Boom & Doom editor spoke today about the Standard & Poor's credit rating downgrade of US sovereign debt, and how the downgrade was long overdue as the 'junk bond' was no longer worth of an AAA rating.
He views the downgrade as moderately positive for equities because it shows investors there is a risk in holding government bonds and discusses the conditions that will lead to QE3.
Speaking in an interview from Chiang Mai, Thailand, with Susan Li on Bloomberg's "Asia Edge" this morning, Faber said a government bond is rated AAA when the issuer is willing to pay the interest in a stable currency. "We are not dealing, in the case with the US Dollar, with a stable currency."
"The downgrade was overdue," Faber told Li, adding that the agency "basically downgraded a junk bond because it was no longer an AAA"
"The US fiscal position is a disaster if we include the unfunded liabilities and some kind of default will occur," he predicted.
He went on to explain that there are two ways that can lead to default: 1) Not paying interest and restructuring debt or 2) repaying the debt and the interest in a depreciated currency. Faber argues that the US Dollar is losing more value in terms of purchasing power than other currencies.
Faber, who believes markets began a bear market on May 2 2011, sees the impact of the US downgrade on equities as positive.
"I personally think the downgrade of US debt is actually moderately positive on equities because it shows investors very clearly there is a risk in holding government bonds anywhere in the world," he said.
He sees risks rising from two factors: 1) Interest rates go up and the value of bonds decline, or 2) you have a sovereign downgrade and "when the AAA turns to DDD, yields go up."
"I am the most bearish person in the world but I think over the next 10 years, you will be better off in equities and precious metals than in government bonds," he told Bloomberg's Susan Li earlier today
Faber expects a market rally soon because equities are 'oversold,' however he doesn't see new highs this year above the May 2 2011 high on the S&P 500 of 1,370.
The S&P 500 Index slumped another 32 points, or 2.6% in early trading this morning, to below 1,170.
IS QE3 on the way?
"I can smell QE3, QE4 and many more, Faber told Li.
There are two conditions that will lead to QE3, according to Faber: "Either the economy shows significant weakness, which is a possibility in the second half of this year and this is what the stock market is trying to tell you, or the S&P 500 drops to around 1,100 or 1,050 and then we'll get QE3," Faber argued.
Faber said the US economy is hardly recovering and while some sectors may be doing well, "housing is still depressed and unemployment is still unacceptably high and probably higher than the government is publishing in terms of its statistics."
He added that although the economy is doing badly, the key is really that "you need significant more weakness and more weakness in equities to get QE3."
On Friday, Faber told Bloomberg it was now a crucial time for the Fed: "Now we'll see if Mr. Bernanke is a true money printer or an amateur money printer. If he is a true money printer, he's going to start printing soon.
About Dr. Marc Faber
Dr Marc Faber was born in Zurich, Switzerland. He went to school in Geneva and Zurich and finished high school with the Matura. He studied Economics at the University of Zurich and, at the age of 24, obtained a PhD in Economics. Between 1970 and 1978, Dr Faber worked for White Weld & Co in New York, Zurich and Hong Kong.
Since 1973, he has lived in Asia. From 1978 to February 1990, he was the Managing Director of Drexel Burnham Lambert (HK). In June 1990, he set up his own business which acts as an investment advisor and fund manager.
In 2000 Faber decided to spend more time writing his newsletters as well as growing his advisory business. He moved back to his home in Chiang Mai, Thailand, maintaining only a small administrative office in Hong Kong.
Dr Faber publishes a widely read monthly investment newsletter 'The Gloom Boom & Doom Report' which highlights unusual investment opportunities, and is the author of several books.
Ultra bearish Marc Faber says current gold price 'low', investors must prepare for the worst as 'it will come to war'
Marc Faber sees substantially higher gold prices over the next 5-10 years, lower purchasing power of paper money
The private sector is hurt by too much government involvement, says Marc Faber
Gold is very cheap in comparison to the money and credit that has been created, says Marc Faber
Jim Rogers says US nearing downgrade, worse recession, 'because we're printing and spending money we don't have'
Marc Faber sees a lot more Quantitative Easing as the Fed 'will continue to print'
"Fed will print and print and print until the final crisis," says Marc Faber
Jim Rogers says all parabolic moves end badly, gold & silver not yet in a bubble


text:
Many students, even at an advanced level, express futurity in English in less than natural ways. This is frequently caused by conflicting ideas they have picked up during their learning careers from course books, grammars – and some teachers.
In this paper we show that there is an underlying simplicity in the ways in which we can express futurity in English. There are, indeed, several different ways to talk about future situations, but the choice before the speaker is governed not by arbitrary 'rules' but simply by what he or she would like to express. In order to understand the system, it will be necessary to dispose of three misleading ideas that many students, and even some teachers, appear to believe. These are that:
WILL forms the Future Tense in English.
BE GOING TO indicates a plan, and the Present Continuous an arrangement.
One, and only one, way of expressing the future is 'correct' in any particular context.
As we shall see in the next few pages, the reality of how to express futurity is made much less problematic if we understand the reality:
- There is no Future Tense in English. WILL is one of the modals, all of which can express futurity:
- BE GOING TO does not indicate a plan. It is hard to imagine who or what might be planning anything in such utterances as:
Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
George is a terrible driver. He's going to have an accident one day.
- There is often more than one possible correct way to express futurity. For example in this utterance:
Emma … (fly)… to London next week,
if we have no further contextual evidence, we can 'fill the gap' with any or all of the following: flies/is flying/is going to fly/will fly/will be flying/will have flown/is to fly, not to mention such possibilities as: wants/hopes/expects/etc to fly.
1. A Future Tense in English?
If we mean by the word tense 'inflected term', then it should be clear that there are only two such forms in English, the Present Simple and the Past Simple. Such forms as the Progressive (or Continuous) and Perfect, formed with an auxiliary are more usefully considered as aspects; and futurity is more usefully considered with such concepts as certainty and intention. There is no Future Tense as such in English, simply a number of ways in which we can speak about future situations. In the following sections, we shall consider the most important of these ways.
2. BE (do)ING and BE GOING TO (do)
2.1. The Present Progressive (/Present Continuous)
A better name for this aspect might be durative, as it is used when he speaker wishes to indicate that the situation spoken of has duration, and that that duration is limited, i.e. it has a beginning and end. Precisely when the beginning and end are may not be important, but the fact that they are there, and are not considered remote in time are important. Consider these three utterances:
- I am writing some notes on the English Future[1].
- The number 22 tram is running through Flora this week.
- I am meeting my wife at the pub this evening.
In [1], the limited duration of the writing is clearly understood from the context, (as is, incidentally, the fact that the action is going on at the moment of speaking).
In [2], the known context of the normal route of the 22 tram (which does not pass through Flora) confirms the limited duration of he situation. Incidentally, it is perfectly correct for this to be said at 3 a.m., when no number 22 tram is actually running.
I, the speaker, can say [3] because I know that my wife and I arranged the meeting this morning. The arrangement to meet has limited duration – it began this morning and ends when we actually meet. Considered this way, it can be useful to think of the Progressive form as indicating an arrangement.
If an arrangement of limited duration is what the speaker has in mind, then the example given in the introduction will be realized as:
Emma is flying to London next week.
Forms with BE GOING TO possibly originated in such utterances as:
- We are going to meet George at the stadium,
uttered when we were literally going, i.e. on the way, to the meeting. At the moment of speaking there was present evidence of the future meeting. This use has become extended to embrace any action for which there is present evidence – things do not have to be literally moving. Consider now these two utterances:
- Look at those black clouds. It's going to snow.
- Pat is going to fly to Phuket next week.
In [5] the present evidence is clear – the black clouds. In [6], the present evidence may be the flight ticket that Pat has just shown the speaker, or it may simply be the knowledge in the speaker's mind that s/he has somehow acquired. This explains why, when the grammatical subject of the verb is capable of planning, there may be little practical difference between the use of the 'Progressive' form and the BE GOING TO form. However, with a grammatical subject incapable of planning, there is a difference:
3. I am meeting my wife at the pub this evening.
3a. I am going to meet my wife at the pub this evening.
7. It's going to snow.
7a. It's snowing.
7b. *It's snowing tomorrow.
In [3] the speaker has made the arrangement. In [3a] the speaker may have made the arrangement (the present evidence), he/she may just have been informed by his wife (the present evidence), or may have recently made a plan (the present evidence). The circumstances surrounding the situations in [3] and [3a] differ, but the practical result is the same; the speaker has free choice between the two forms. Neither is 'better, 'more appropriate' or 'more correct'.
In [7], the present evidence is something like the presence of black clouds, or the speaker's knowledge of the weather forecast. In [7a], it is impossible for an arrangement to be made for future snow, and therefore the Progressive form used here cannot be referring to future arrangement. The context will therefore inform us that snow is actually falling as the utterance is made. The addition of a time-indicator cannot make the impossible possible, and [7b] is therefore not a possible utterance.
We have seen above that if an arrangement of limited duration is what the speaker has in mind, then the example given in the introduction will be realised as:
Emma is flying to London next week.
We can now say that if the speaker has present evidence of next week's flight, then the example will be realized as
Emma is going to fly to London next week.
The preceding paragraphs help to explain why, in gap-fill exercises, students sometimes come up with a 'wrong' answer, i.e. a different one from that expected by the teacher or compiler of the exercise. In real life, the speaker is trying to say what s/he wants to say; in gap-fill exercises, the student is trying to guess what the compiler would have said in a context that is not made sufficiently clear.
In the following sections we shall consider the implications of other ways of expressing the future. We should clearly remember, however, that what you or I might wish to say in a particular situation may well be different from what somebody else might wish to say. In the situation of Emma flying to London, we have already seen two possible 'correct' utterances. There will be more to come – the range is almost endless. As the actual context becomes more explicit, this range may become narrower, but we should not assume that there is always only one 'correct' utterance or that certain utterances are inevitably impossible.
3. Present Simple
In English, as in many Indo-European languages, the so-called 'Present' tense functions more like a default tense; it is used when there is no need for any additional temporal or aspectual information carried by other forms. The time of the situation denoted by the present simple tense of the verb can be past [8], present [9], 'general' [10] or future [11]:
8. Jane tells me you've not been too well since you got back.
9. My stomach hurts.
10. I never drink alone.
11. The UN General Assembly opens in New York late this month.
Thus, in our example of Emma's flight, if we imagine the speaker mentally seeing Emma's schedule and presenting a neutral fact, without any of the overtones suggested by other ways of expressing the future the realization will be:
Emma flies to London next week.
The futurity is shown by the context or by explicit time-markers.
WILL is a modal and, like the other modals, has two core meanings. The two modal meanings are
(a) the 'extrinsic' meaning, referring to the probability of the event/state
(b) the 'intrinsic' meaning, reflecting such concepts as: ability, necessity,
obligation, necessity, permission, possibility, volition, etc.
The extrinsic meaning of WILL is exemplified in:
12. Luke left three hours ago, so he will be in London by now.
13. There will be hotels on the moon within the next 50 years.
14. T he afternoon will be bright and sunny, though there may be rain in the north.
In all three examples, the speaker suggests 100% probability, i.e. absolute certainty. (MAY would imply possibility, MUST logical certainty, to take examples of two other modals). Note that while certainty in [13] and [14] is about the future, in [12] it is about the present. It is the absolute certainty, in the minds of speaker/writer and listener/reader, that can give the impression that forms using 'the WILL future' are some way of presenting 'the future as fact'. Some writers therefore call this form 'the Future Simple'. Weather forecasters, writers of business/scientific reports, deliverers of presentations, etc, frequently use WILL, and students who encounter more English through reading native writers than hearing native speakers informally may assume that it is a 'neutral' or 'formal' future. In fact the particular native writer or speaker is simply opting to stress certainty rather than arrangement, plan or present evidence.
The intrinsic meaning of WILL is exemplified in:
- I'll carry your bag for you.
- Will you drive me to the airport, please?
- Peter will leave his mobile switched on in meetings. It's so annoying when it rings.
These examples show what we might loosely call volition, the willingness or determination of the subject of the modal to carry out the action. Note that [17] is not about the future, and in [15] and [16] the futurity is incidental. It is context rather than words which gives the meaning.
So, our original example can clearly be realized as:
Emma will fly to London next week.
Without expanded context or co-text, we cannot be sure of what is implied by Emma will fly to London next week. If the background has been that she is scheduled to fly next month, but there is an urgent need for her to be in London soon, the speaker of this utterance is indicating Emma's willingness to fly earlier than intended. In a different context, known to both speaker and listener, the speaker is indicating the certainty of Emma's flight tomorrow, possibly even because of the speaker's own volition. Outside the context of gap-fill exercises this is not a problem.
5. WILL BE (do)ING ('Future Progressive').
WILL BE ….-ING can have two possible overtones, both stemming from the combination of the ideas of certainty (WILL) and limited duration (progressive form).
The first possibility is that the speaker is describing a situation already begun, having duration, and not completed by the time mentioned or implied. This would be explicit in:
- At 5 o'clock tomorrow George will be driving down the M1.
The second possibility is that the speaker is more concerned with the pure certainty of the action happening than any volitional aspect that might be implied by the use of WILL by itself. This idea can be illustrated more clearly in the following examples. If someone says I'd like to know what Andrea thinks about this, responses might be:
- I'll see her tomorrow; I'll ask her.
- I'm seeing her tomorrow. I'll ask her.
- I'm going to see her tomorrow. I'll ask her.
- I'll be seeing her tomorrow. I'll ask her.
In all four examples, the I'll ask her indicates the speaker's willingness (confirmed by the context) In the first half of the utterance, [19] indicates the speaker's willingness to see her, [20] the speaker's knowledge of an arrangement already made to see her, [21] the speaker's awareness of present evidence of the future meeting and [22] the speaker's simple presentation of the fact of the future meeting. It is claimed by some writers, with some justification, that the use of WILL BE ….-ING implies, by its lack of reference to intention, volition or arrangement, a 'casual' future.
So, the realization of our standard example can be:
Emma will be flying to London tomorrow.
Depending on the context and co-text, the speaker may be intending a 'casual' futurity, or may be indicating a situation in progress at a particular time.
Which Form?
The approach to ways of expressing to futurity outlined in the sections above means that students are far freer to choose for themselves the future form they wish than may appear in some grammars and course books. Far more possible utterances are acceptable than is implied by many gap-fill exercises. However, this is not to suggest that all this is given to the student in one 30-minute "here's the truth about the future" class. All that is suggested here is that the choice of future form is less arbitrary than sometimes appears, and that teachers aware of this can refrain from over-simple 'rules' that may soon confuse the student.
7. Other ways of referring to the future
So far in this paper we have considered the five ways of referring to the future that are considered by some to be 'tense' forms: Present Progressive, Present Simple, BE GOING TO, WILL, and 'Future Continuous'. There are many other ways of referring to future situations, each with its own particular shade of meaning. Some of these are considered briefly in the following pages:
7.1. BE + to + infinitive
This form is not common in informal conversation. It refers to something that is to happen in the future as a plan or decree, normally by some authority other than the subject of the sentence:
23. A new theatre is to be built in Andover next year.
It is common in news reports. In headlines; BE is frequently omitted:
24. Brown to see Obama
7.2. BE + about to+ infinitive
This form is used to refer to planned future events that are expected to happen soon:
25. 300 workers at the Manchester factory are about to lose their jobs.
The soon-ness often carries the idea that the subject is very close to the point of doing something:
26. He looks as if he's about to turn nasty.
7.3. Other idioms with BE
There are a number of other expressions with BE which have some form of modal-type meaning (ability, obligation, etc), and which point to the future. These include: be able to, be bound to, be certain to, be due to, be likely to/that, be meant to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be sure to.
7.4. Idioms with HAVE
Expressions with HAVE include have (got) to, had better, also with have some form of modal-type meaning (necessity, obligation, etc), pointing to the future.
27. We'd better get that sorted out tomorrow.
7.5. Other modals
Apart from WILL, discussed in section 4, the other modals are also used with future reference:
28. Do you think you may go skiing again next Easter? (possibility)
29. There might be a few objections to our holiday proposals. (more remote possibility)
30. Can you cope with the kids this afternoon? (ability/possibility)
31. She could leave tomorrow, we're not sure. (more remote ability/possibility)
32. You must be ready to leave by five at the latest. (obligation)
33. I shall be here all evening. (certainty)
34. Frank should tell Mary before he leaves this evening. (recommendation)
Expressions with WOULD with have some form of quasi-modal meaning (preference), pointing to the future include: would rather, would sooner, would just as soon.
7.6. Verb (+ to) + infinitive
Some full verbs, such as hope or want, indicate that the action of the complement verb will be in the future (expressing future possibilities). Such verbs are usually followed by the to-infinitive:
35. He hoped to sell his house before the end of the month.
Examples include: agree, ask*, allow*, aspire, attempt, cause*, choose, consent, dare*, decide, decline, encourage* expect*, hope, instruct*, intend*, offer, mean*, need*, permit*, persuade* plan, prepare, promise, propose, swear, remember, tell*, threaten, try, want*, warn*, wish*
Some verbs (e.g. those marked with an asterisk above) can be followed by object + infinitive:
36. We want our students to enjoy the course.
A small number of verbs are followed by an object + bare infinitive, e.g. have, help, let, make:
37. Have Mr Smiley come in, please.
7.7. Verb + gerund
When a gerund follows a verb, or verb + object, the meaning is normally that the situations described are already in existence, i.e. they are not future situations:
38. She hated writing reports.
However, a small number of verbs followed by a gerund complement point to the future. These include consider, contemplate, fancy, feel like, put off, suggest.
39. Lindsay suggested going to Majorca next year.
Further Reading
Several of the books below take a more traditional approach to tenses than this paper, but help give the beginning teacher a rounded picture of the subject. Aitken (1992) has some very useful ideas or the classroom. Close (1992) and Lewis (1986) examine some of the common misconceptions about tenses. Parrott (200) and Yule (1998) help blow away the dust from some corners of this area.
Aitken, R. (1992) Teaching Tenses, Walton-on-Thames: Thomas Nelson
Chalker, S, (1984) Current English Grammar, London: Macmillan
Close, R A. (1992) A Teacher's Grammar, Hove: LTP
Close, R A. (1975) A Reference Grammar for Students of English, London: Longman.
Hornby, AS. (1954) A Guide to Patterns and Usage in English, London: OUP
Leech, G (1987) Meaning and the English Verb (2nd edn), London: Longman
Lewis, M. (1986) The English Verb: Hove, LTP.
Parrott, M. (2000) Grammar for English Language Teachers, Cambridge: CUP
Parrott, M. (2000) Grammar for English Language Teachers, Cambridge: CUP.
Sinclair, J et al (Eds). (1990) English Grammar, London: HarperCollins.
Thornbury, S. (1997) About Language, Cambridge: CUP,
Yule, G. (1998) Explaining English Grammar, Oxford: OUP.
The following three are sound reference works, though a little academic for the beginning teacher.
Biber, D et al. Grammar of Spoken and Written English, (1999), London, Longman.
Carter R. & McCarthy, M. (2006) Cambridge Grammar of English, Cambridge, CUP
Quirk, R et al. (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, London, Longman.
[1] Contrast this with: I write notes on the English future. Presumably there was a past time when the speaker did not write notes, and there will be a future time when s/he writes no more. However, such times are irrelevant to this utterance. The present simple, precisely because it does not imply limited duration, implies permanence,
© 2006.2013 J E Webb


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