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The Events of That Day
As the Qur'an reveals, the Day of Judgment is "the Day mankind will stand before the Lord of all the worlds" (Surat al-Mutaffifin, 6). It is a fierce day of events never seen before, a day during which the universe and all of its contents will be destroyed. On that Day, everyone will witness and understand Allah's power. The unbelievers will suffer great fear, terror, and suffering, and all of their hidden remorse, fear, and debasement will be experienced.
The Qur'an presents several allegories of this event. This chapter provides a general description of this Day's events and explores their meanings. Allah knows best, and only His knowledge is infinite. We, on the other hand, can understand and relate only what He has revealed and taught.
Everything related in this chapter comes from the Qur'an, and therefore is beyond doubt. These incidents might happen differently than we expect. We only know the following facts for certain: His promised events will take place, people on the Day of Judgment will come face to face with a spectacular scene unlike anything seen before, and that the universe and all of its contents will be completely destroyed. People will not have the opportunity to learn the reason for this, to escape and save themselves, or to strive for a solution. Everyone will realize that Allah and the Hereafter exist.
The Sound of the Trumpet
The Day Begins When the Trumpet Is Blown
The Trumpet will be blown. That is the Day of the Threat. (Surah Qaf, 20)
The sounding of the trumpet proclaims that the Day of Judgment, promised by Allah, has finally come, that this world has ended, and that the Hereafter has begun. Everyone has been informed of this great Day and what it holds, and has been warned that they would be brought to account. Now, they are face to face with this promised reality. This unexpected sound, which is unlike anything ever heard before, will cause people to realize that their time is up, for it indicates the beginning of infinite fear, terror, and hopelessness for the unbelievers—a very hard Day for them indeed. Allah reveals the following in the Qur'an:
For when the Trumpet is blown, that Day will be a difficult day, not easy for the unbelievers. (Surat al-Muddaththir, 8-10)
Those who are fooled by the world order's temporary attractions and attach themselves tightly to such things are blind to the reality of Allah's existence and unity. They are supposedly happy and content with this illusion, and live without any consideration for Allah, the Creator of all or for his creation and its progress toward its end. In reality, since Allah created this order, He will cause this spectacular system to cease to be, by giving a single command, in a mind-blowing fashion. Those who do not think that they will meet such a day will awake from their slumber immediately when the trumpet sounds. However, their new state will provide no benefit to them, for by this time it will be far too late to do anything for Allah and the Hereafter.
But why is it too late? Allah informs us that the reason behind this is that such people wasted their lives and ignored the trial and also the reality of the Hereafter with a grave ignorance. Such an attitude engenders a severe punishment, for its source is the individual's satisfaction with this limited world and ignoring the possibility of a past and future. People holding this attitude crave this life's temporary pleasures and disregard creation's purpose, and so spend their lives without wondering why they live, why they were created, what the Creator expects of them, and why they will die. They know about death, but are also aware that its reality raises questions that beg for answers. Therefore, they turn away and try to distance themselves from these thoughts as much as possible. In reality, however, the sole purpose for each person's creation and short life on Earth is to serve Allah. People who are aware of death's proximity, the shortness of this life, and that whatever happens to them is part of their trial, are also aware that they will meet with what Allah reveals to them in the Qur'an. Therefore, they understand that their sole purpose for being alive is to live for Allah. Realizing this while alive is a great benefit, for it causes people to distance themselves from the deceptive world and turn to their real home: the Hereafter.
The greatest desire of those who chase after pleasure and lust is that this order will go on forever. But even that sometimes does not make them content, for life always contains problems and difficulties. Moreover, satan has countless tactics to keep them from believing in the infinite sufferings of the Hereafter and has them prefer this life of hardship and sadness over faith. But when such people hear the trumpet sound, maybe while driving to work or while getting ready for bed, they will realize that all of their postponed ambitions and expectations are for naught, and thus will fall into a state of utmost despair. The deviant order that they had hoped would go on forever has ended, as have their own lives. Everything that they refused to believe in, despite knowing about them, now has caught up with them. Those people who lived in the shadow of false powers that were "protecting them" now have nowhere to seek refuge, because all people except the believers are in the same hopeless situation. They have surrendered to the inevitable, and all people whoever lived are now assembled together in Allah's Presence:
The Trumpet will be blown, and at once they will be sliding from their graves toward their Lord. (Surah Ya Sin, 51)
For the unbelievers, this event means "meeting the very thing from which he or she ran away," as well as "the end of the last opportunity to correct one's errors." The fear of that moment is indescribable, for such panic and terror has never been heard of or seen before. It might have been possible to make good mistakes or they might have been forgotten over time, but the trumpet's sound proclaims that no more time is left. On that Day, this sound will bring great fear to the unbelievers, and everybody will surrender to this reality. Allah reveals that:
On the Day the Trumpet is blown and everyone in the heavens and everyone on Earth is terrified—except those Allah wills, everyone will come to Him abject. (Surat an-Naml, 87)
All people are aware of this Day, for Allah has warned people with His messengers and verses about a "day of no return." In addition, He has reminded them to turn to Him and has told them that those who refuse to do so will not be helped after death. The Qur'an reveals the regret experienced by those who met with punishment at a moment they did not expect, and the reality that they will not be helped, in the following way:
Turn to your Lord and submit to Him before punishment comes upon you, for then you cannot be helped. Follow the best that has been sent down to you from your Lord before the punishment comes upon you suddenly, when you are not expecting it, lest anyone should say: "Woe to me, for neglecting what Allah was due and for being one of the scoffers!" or lest they should say: "If only Allah had guided me, I would have been more heedful," or lest he should say, when he sees the punishment: "If only I could have another chance so that I could be a good-doer!" "No, the fact is that My Signs came to you, but you denied them and were arrogant and were one of the unbelievers." On the Day of Resurrection you will see those who lied about Allah with their faces blackened. Do not the arrogant have a dwelling place in Hell? (Surat az-Zumar, 54-60)
This life of temporary pleasure comes to an end when the trumpet sounds. All people have come face to face with what was promised. The fear and terror that they experience when confronted with such events is beyond words. All people are following the same call and realize that they have met with a reality from which they cannot escape.
Earth will Be Shaken by Quakes
When Earth is convulsed with its quaking, and Earth then disgorges its charges, and man asks: "What is wrong with it?" on that Day it will impart all of its news, because your Lord has inspired it. (Surat az-Zilzal, 1-5)
On the Day of Judgment, an ear-shattering sound will follow the sounding of the trumpet, and an unequalled tremor will rock Earth. Massive mountains, trees, skyscrapers, buildings—in fact every place on Earth—will begin to rock at the same time. People will panic and be gripped by great fear. The most fear-inspiring aspect is that no one can escape it or find any sort of refuge, for this tremor is not like the ones with which we are familiar; rather, this tremor will continue until Earth has been flattened. (Allah knows the truth) Allah describes these tremors, as follows:
On the Day the first blast shudders, and the second blast follows it, hearts that Day will be pounding and eyes will be cast down. (Surat an-Nazi'at, 6-9)
Try to imagine how much the tremors known to us affect those who experience them. These tremors lasted only for seconds, but the results were nevertheless devastating. Hundred of thousands died in or under collapsed buildings, and survivors were left destitute. Homes, property, earnings, and savings were destroyed in no time. These calamities were seen by everyone and, in those seconds, no person or force could resist them. The tremors of the Day of Judgment will have no equals in terms of severity, consequence, and the size of area affected. When they are over, there will be no ruins or life left on this planet.
No matter how severe the tremor, people who are prepared for such an event often find a means to survive. However, upon hearing the trumpet sound, even they will realize that this is no ordinary tremor and that there is no possibility of escape.
In the Qur'an Allah warns man of this event and of the tremors, as follows:
Mankind, heed your Lord! The quaking of the Hour is a terrible thing. (Surat al-Hajj, 1)
At that moment, nothing on Earth will have any meaning. Everything that led people astray (e.g., luxurious cars, gigantic skyscrapers, 5-star hotels, ambitiously accumulated life savings, houses, decorations, palaces, bridges, all of the most famous buildings, the Pyramids that have survived all natural disasters so far, historic castles, and whole cities) all will crumble like sand castles on the beach. The workplaces people pin their hopes upon, luxurious places, in short all material wealth that people feel proud to possess will be destroyed in an instant. The fame, honor, prestige, and power people attained will become meaningless and unimportant instantaneously, for:
No indeed! When Earth is crushed and ground to dust, and your Lord arrives with the angels rank upon rank, and that Day Hell is produced, that Day man will remember. But how will the remembrance help him? (Surat al-Fajr, 21-23)
When the entire planet gives way, those who found all kinds of excuses to deny Allah and who did not engage in any acts of worship, despite knowing what was required, finally will realize that there is refuge only in Allah. However, it now is too late for them to make amends, and their remorse is of no use either.
After fear, the next most-felt emotion on that Day will be incapacity. Humanity, who took precautions against every possible calamity and deadly disaster (e.g., severe earthquakes, fierce hurricanes, and even nuclear war), will be unable to hide from or survive this event. His devilish intelligence which caused him to see denial supposedly reasonable and which he assumed to be indispensible and people whom he believed to have power, will not be able to come up with a solution for this tremor and there will be no way out for them.
Earth Disgorges Its Charges
And Earth then disgorges its charges, and man asks: "What is wrong with it?" on that Day it will impart all of its news, because your Lord has inspired it. (Surat az-Zilzal, 2-5)
Earth's core, beginning at a depth of 5,000-6,000 kms (3,000-3,700 miles) from the surface, consists of highly pressurized magma that has an estimated temperature of 4,500oC (9,000oF).1 The lava flows from volcanic eruptions come from areas close to the core. Throughout history, volcanic eruptions have caused terror, brought death to many people, and, in some cases, buried whole cities. Lava emerges from cracks in Earth's crust and, the higher the pressure, the higher it spurts into the sky. The main factor in this process is the presence of various gases that separate from the liquid substance on the way to the surface, for they form a layer above the magma and increase the pressure. The higher the proportion of gases, the greater the force of the resulting explosions. The boiling lava turns the area's surface into a quasi Hell. Such localized eruptions affect only a limited area. Researchers can anticipate such calamities and ensure that the necessary precautions are taken.
Allah says in the Qur'an that "Earth will disgorge its charges," indicating that, in addition to the many other things underground, the magma will spill over. The rocking tremors that are cracking the planet's crust on a global level, will prepare the ground for such a disaster. On the Day of Judgment, devastating earthquakes will turn Earth upside down, and people trying to escape the debris falling on them will get caught in the lava spilling out of Earth's cracked surface. Once again, they will realize that there is no escape from death. Disaster will follow disaster, and people will get caught in one or the other. (Allah knows the truth.)
Earth bows to Allah's will, for:
When Earth is flattened out and disgorges what is inside it and empties out, hearkening to its Lord, as it is bound to do! (Surat al-Inshiqaq, 3-5)
The Final Day has arrived, humanity's time is up, and everything has ended. No living thing can escape this day, for when it finally ends, there will be nothing left: no seed, plant, microorganism—not even Earth itself.
Magma is not the only load that will be emptied out on that Day. Magma conducts heat and chemical reactions to the outer layer (the mantle) and between the mantle and the crust. Therefore, it probably will carry intense heat and many other subterranean substances to the surface, thereby increasing the surface temperature to previously unknown levels. Such events will cause Earth to spew forth all of its contents: minerals, coal, crude oil, fossils, corpses, ruins, and so on. Earth will be turned upside down, for:
When the graves are emptied out, each self will know what it has sent ahead and left behind. (Surat al-Infitar, 4-5)
Ground water will emerge from the cracks and, due to its highly pressurized nature, will cause damage in the vicinity and flood the entire planet.
Volcanic eruptions will send pollutants into the higher atmosphere. History shows us that following such eruptions, dust and ash rain down on the affected area and sometimes even bury it. Allah says that "the mountains become scattered dust in the air" (Surat al-Waqi'a, 6). Based on this, it is highly probable that such explosions and eruptions will happen everywhere on Earth on the Day of Judgment.
People will be met by a devastating punishment. The dust and smoke clouds blanketing every place, as well as the gases spreading out all at once, will suffocate people and cause great suffering. All of these events will make the unbelievers realize the scale of the eternal suffering awaiting them in Hell. Allah ends the life of this world with such a shocking spectacle, and for the unbelievers He has prepared an unspeakable spiritual and physical suffering. In the face of such overpowering events, a devastating fear of death will cover the planet, and nothing but fear and remorse will be left.
The Mountains
Mountains will Be Uprooted and Scattered as Dust
When the mountains are pulverized. (Surat al-Mursalat, 10)
As we know, mountains act as quasi shock absorbers. In the Qur'an Allah says:
He cast firmly embedded mountains on Earth so it would not move under you, and rivers and pathways so that hopefully you would be guided. (Surat an-Nahl, 15)
Have We not made the Earth a resting place and the mountains as stakes? (Surat al-Naba', 6-7)
The most severe earthquake ever recorded measured 9.5 on the Richter Scale.2 Such an earthquake devastates the surrounding area in a matter of seconds. The tremors of the Day of Judgment, unless Allah decrees otherwise, will be of a force never seen before. Even the mountains, which usually reduce the effects, will be unable to withstand it. The most solid buildings and rock-solid mountains will be shaken up and begin to slide, as follows:
And the mountains shift about. (Surat at-Tur, 10)
And the mountains are shifted and become a mirage. (Surat an-Naba', 20)
On the Day We make the mountains move and you see the Earth laid bare, and We gather them together, not leaving out a single one of them. (Surat al-Kahf, 47)
A great part of our planet is covered by mountains. Without a doubt, seeing all of them shaken from their places, pushed across Earth's face, and smashed up against one another, thereby flattening the whole planet, will be one of the most shocking scenes ever seen. Even envisaging such a moment is scary.
Imagine that the Himalayas, the Alps, and the Taurus mountains, which people consider unshakable and climbers struggle to ascend, all of a sudden were rocked and began to collapse and flatten themselves, as well as the surrounding towns.
Building roadways through mountainous areas requires great technological means, machines, and tools. But even then, they are often used to no avail. Using dynamite to make a path is of little use, because it has only a local effect, or sometimes no effect at all. For this reason, many mountainous areas cannot be reached. On the Day of Judgment, all mountains will be pulverized. This is a very effective example of the destruction that will be wrought on that Day. Simultaneously, all mountains will be reduced to dust and spectacular buildings will collapse—a truly awe-inspiring situation. These events help us understand Allah's infinite power. In the Qur'an Allah says that:
On the Day the Earth and mountains shake and the mountains become like shifting dunes. (Surat al-Muzzammil, 14)
In the Qur'an Allah also states that Earth will be devoid of hills and craters, for the destruction of the mountains will cause the planet's surface to become level, as follows:
They will ask you about the mountains. Say: "My Lord will scatter them as dust. He will leave them as a barren, level plain on which you will see no dip or gradient." (Surah Ta Ha, 105-107)
The uneven ground we see today will becomeflat on that Day, for all people will be assembled on an endless plain:
On the Day We make the mountains move, you see the earth laid bare, and We gather them together, not leaving out a single one of them. (Surat al-Kahf, 47)
Mountains will Be Scattered like Colored Fluffs of Wool
On that Day, the mountains, together with all of the plants, flowers, vegetation, minerals, and differently colored soils will be scattered around together. The mountains, having become dust and smoke, will be dispersed. This color scheme is described in the verses:
[On the Day] the mountains [will be] like tufts of colored wool. (Surat al-Qari'a, 5; Surat al-Ma'arij, 9)
On that Day, the Subduer's command will have everything under its control, living or nonliving. A great fear will dominate every scene. People who panic at the slightest tremor, and who, fearing for their lives, cannot return to their homes for hours afterwards, will be in an unbearable situation when they see the mountains shaken from their places, the ground spitting out everything that it had concealed, graves being turned inside out, disaster chasing disaster, and all people being gathered together. There will be no one left to trust, and no safe refuge. The event's terror will pass far beyond their limits of endurance. There will be nothing that they can do, no starting over, and no place left to go. The new beginning is in the Hereafter, which is endless and full of suffering and remorse for those who did not seek Allah's good pleasure while they were alive. All of their worldly pleasures, ambitions, and life are finished. The terror they encounter will reflect Allah's infinite power.
In truth, Allah's Messengers and the believers have informed them of these facts. But this devastating Day seemed far off, and so they relied on temporary possessions and themselves. Allah reveals that the unbelievers have been warned, as follows:
Warn mankind of the Day when the punishment will reach them. Those who did wrong will say: "Our Lord, reprieve us for a short time. We will respond to Your call and follow the Messengers." [But it will be said] "But did you not swear to Me before that you would never meet your downfall, even though you inhabited the houses of those who had wronged themselves, and it was made clear to you how We had dealt with them, and We gave you many examples?" (Surah Ibrahim, 44-45)
Now they are all alone amidst the danger. Everybody fears for their own lives, and no one cares for anyone else. No one can escape, for Allah's promised day has arrived. Fleeing one's house will be of no use, for everything is being destroyed, and the ground and mountains are shifting all at once. There is no refuge, no protector, and no preventive action. In the Qur'an Allah describes the mountains' destruction on the Day of Judgment, as follows:
And the Earth and the mountains are lifted and crushed with a single blow, on that Day, the Occurrence will occur. (Surat al-Haqqa, 14-15)
The Oceans
We should remind ourselves of an important matter when describing all of these scenes, which are based upon Qur'anic verses: All of these events will take place according to Allah's will, for He has promised that they will occur. Allah Who had created everything that exists, doubtlessly has the Power to destroy and level everything. As Allah had informed us in the verses of the Qur'an, on the Day of Judgment everything will be destroyed with a chain of disasters. This is the promise of Allah. In the Qur'an Allah commands as follows: :
That is Allah's promise. Allah does not break His promise. But most people do not know it. (Surat ar-Rum, 6)
People who were proud of themselves will be worth nothing. Man, who foolishly considered himself great and powerful before Allah, who denied Him out of self-conceit, will be forlorn and weak amid these events. Everything that people considered greater than themselves will surrender on this Day, as decreed by Allah. Mountains, oceans, the whole universe—all will lose their rock-solid appearance and bow to Allah's will. Everything will be finished by Allah's command "Be!," for they have obeyed Allah's order and fulfilled their roles as His submissive servants. When the mountains are destroyed and scattered like colored wool, and when the ground gives up its contents, Allah's infinite greatness will be reflected. As Allah reveals in the Qur'an, the oceans will be ablaze and boil over on that Day.
The Inferno of the Oceans
It is almost impossible to imagine the oceans, which cover three-fourths of Earth's surface, coming to a furious boil all at once. Even when forcing the limits of their minds, people can have only a vague idea of just how terrifying that event will be. So far, our personal experience probably consists of images of erupting volcanoes or burning crude oil tankers seen on television or in photographs. However, the descriptions given in the verses are beyond comparison. Only our knowledge of Allah's infinite greatness, power, and might can give an idea about the scale of these expected calamities, for He can alter or overturn the universe's order.
Along with everything else being spewed out of the ground, hot lava, having an estimated temperature of 4,500oC (9,000oF) will spill over wherever it can, including into the oceans. Those who have seen lava emerging from the bottom of the ocean in documentaries have witnessed this really amazing scene. The scenes on the Day of Judgment, however, will be very different, for they will be all-encompassing and far more terrifying. The oceans will burn, and an inescapable wall of fire will engulf people. On that Day, all oceans will be set alight.
As Allah says in the Qur'an:
When the seas are filled with flame. (Surat at-Takwir, 6)
As a result of this, all aquatic life, as well as all terrestrial life, on Earth will cease. The oceans, usually soothing and cooling, suddenly will spread an incredible heat. Instead of huge waves, there will be waves of fire, and oxygen will be replaced by smoke. The scene of oceans burning ferociously, boiling over and spewing forth their contents, will dominate a great part of the world and bring vast devastation.
The Oceans will Spill Their Contents
In addition to all of the above, the oceans will also rise, as mentioned in the following verse:
When the oceans flood and overflow. (Surat al-Infitar, 3)
By Allah's will, calamities also will come from the oceans. As Allah is the All-Mighty and the Creator of Earth and all of its contents, all He has to do is utter the command "Be!," and whatever He wills occurs. The probable circumstances (only Allah knows the exact ones) leading up to these events serve to remind us of, and to be awed by, Allah as we draw closer to Him.
Some of the probable events have to do with the rising of the oceans. As we know, earthquakes on the ocean floor cause tidal waves on the surface. The resulting tremors can send waves racing toward the shore at speeds of up to 750 kms (466 miles) per hour. Waves that start out as less than a meter (3 feet) high in the open sea can be 60 meters (200 feet) high by the time they reach the shore. A 25-35 meters (80 to 100 feet) high tidal wave created by a strong earthquake in Japan in 1896 swept over the town of Honshu, killing 25,000 people.
Volcanic eruptions are another cause of tidal waves. The tidal wave created by the eruption of the volcano on Krakatoa in 1883 caused Krakatoa Island, located between Java and Sumatra, to submerge suddenly and unleash a tidal wave that hit one of the most densely populated stretches of Java's coastline. The wave, which destroyed 165 villages and killed 36,000 people, was more than 35 meters (110 feet) high when it reached the shore. Such events demonstrate that underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions can have a localized effect and cause flooding and widespread death further afield. On the Day of Judgment, every place on Earth, whether underground or underwater, will be shaken. The violent tremors on the ocean floor will arouse the oceans and cause tidal waves and flooding on a global scale, something that we can hardly imagine.
The oceans will rise for other reasons as well. Their calm nature depends on the laws of nature. On that Day, however, these laws will be overturned, just like all the other laws upon which the delicate balances of the heavens, Earth, and people rest. The pillars of this perfect equilibrium, all of which were created by Allah's will, will be destroyed at once again by His will. Also, it is quite probable that the underground heat will increase the atmospheric temperature, thus melting the ice at both poles and raising the water levels.
We also know that landslides and the sliding rocks, by filling a bay, lake or a dam and can cause unusually high regional waves. On the Day of Judgment, not one mountain will be left standing, and Earth's surface will be leveled. Rocks rolling down the mountains will fill the ocean beds and cause floods.
Once Allah's appointed time has come, such fear-inspiring events will unfold one after another: a deafening blast; the pulverizing of mountains; lava erupting from under people's feet; dust, gas, and smoke clouds suffocating Earth's surface; and scolding hot water overflowing onto people… a sudden remorse befalling those who did not contemplate Allah's existence or His might while alive… an overwhelming torment that subdues everyone indiscriminately, that exposes people's helplessness, the worthlessness of all that they valued while alive… The people's fear and the terror will be indescribable. They will be running from place to place, hunting for cover and salvation, knowing that there is no escape.
The Skies
The Day of Judgment's terror and destruction is not limited just to the events taking place on Earth. On that Day, all beings as well as all that we consider to be habitual and familiar and take for granted will be destroyed. It is also the universe's final day, the scale of which has defied human comprehension throughout history, along with the incredibly huge stars that we only began to understand in the last century. The sky, the Moon and the Sun, stars and planets, will all be destroyed, in accordance with what Allah has revealed:
What you are promised will certainly happen. When the stars are extinguished, when Heaven is split open. (Surat al-Mursalat, 7-9)
For those who can sense just how extraordinary everything is and wish to perceive Allah's existence, many signs, in the form of objects and events that He has created since time began, lead them to faith in Him. Allah created the stars, planets, and all other objects in the infinite universe by a single command and sustains all of them in perfect equilibrium. The events of the Final Day will reflect the Creator's greatness, for Allah has prepared a unique and spectacular end for the heavens, just as he has for everything in existence.
The sky has always been like a ceiling to people, certain to exist and persist; a glorious ceiling raised and sustained without pillars by Allah: a fabulous screen between the vast universe and them.
This ceiling has protected our world and its inhabitants from countless dangers (e.g., ultraviolet radiation, meteorites, and the freezing temperatures of space) without fail for ages, and remains an absolute necessity for the continuation of life. The light coming through the darkness of space is distributed on Earth as it is because of the atmosphere's qualities, and warms and lights the planet. And, the delicate balance of the atmosphere's oxygen content enables humanity to breathe and live. However, on that Day the sky will no longer fulfill its functions, for it will have reached its end. The Qur'an reveals these events, as follows:
On the Day when Heaven sways to and fro. (Surat at-Tur, 9)
The Heaven will be split apart therefrom; His promise will be fulfilled. (Surat al- Muzzammil, 18)
And Heaven will be split apart, for that Day it will be very frail. (Surat al-Haqqa, 16)
Air, so essential for life, also will lose its function, for the laws that apply on that Day will be different from the usual laws. The atmosphere, so delicately sustained in a stable equilibrium by the laws of physics, will just melt and flow away. The end of the heavens is described, as follows:
On the Day the sky is like molten brass. (Surat al-Ma'arij, 8)
The atmosphere will melt and be ignited, and people will see the usual blue sky as flame-red, split apart, molten, and just like oil:
When Heaven is split apart and goes red, like dregs of oil. (Surat ar-Rahman, 37)
The Day of Judgment is a day of great remorse for those who did not acknowledge Allah's greatness and power and turned away from Him knowingly. This regret will be eternal, for there will be no more time for reflection, learning, or redemption. Every person will have to realize that Allah, Who has infinite power and might, is the only friend, helper, and protector. No person will be able to deny or persist in denying Allah and the Day of Judgment at such a time, as Allah reveals:
They do not measure Allah with His true measure. The whole Earth will be a mere handful for Him on the Day of Resurrection, the heavens folded up in His right hand. Glory be to Him! He is Exalted above the partners they ascribe! (Surat az-Zumar, 67)
On that Day, all of the familiar rules will disappear. The heavens and Earth, which responded to Allah's command of "come willingly or unwillingly" with "we come willingly" upon their creation, will again submit to their true Owner and Creator: Allah. Allah reveals His call to the heavens and Earth:
Say: "Do you reject Him Who created Earth in two days, and make others equal to Him? That is the Lord of all the worlds." He placed firmly embedded mountains on it, towering over it, blessed it and measured out its nourishment in it, laid out for those who seek it—all in four days. Then He turned to Heaven when it was smoke, and said to it and to Earth: "Come willingly or unwillingly." They both said: "We come willingly." (Surah Fussilat, 9-11)
One of the materialists' most prominent unscientific claims is that matter formed by itself. In addition, all of the beauty they behold in their environment is mindlessly ascribed to the imaginary power of the nature. The remaining details or how this intelligent design could issue from a lifeless nature, when nature itself did not even exist, are ignored. According this irrational claim, nature created everything. In other words, the awesome wonder of harmony and balance is inherent in the soil, stones, air, and water. But on the Day of Judgment, people will see what happens to the mountains, rocks, and soil, and finally will realize that nature in itself has no power, for although thought to be the source from which everything living or nonliving issued, it will be unable to save itself. Allah will demonstrate that everything exists only by His Will and Power and depends upon His protection and sustenance. Many will remember at that very moment, and thus feel great regret, the truths that they ignored even though their own consciences acknowledged them. Allah reveals the events of the Day of Judgment, as follows:
When the sky bursts open, hearkening to its Lord as it is bound to do! When Earth is flattened out and disgorges what is inside it and empties out, hearkening to its Lord as it is bound to do! O Man! You are toiling laboriously toward your Lord, but meet Him you will! (Surat al-Inshiqaq, 1-6)
The Stars, The Sun, and The Moon
Contrary to space's cold darkness, Earth has an atmosphere that accommodates the Sun's light and an average temperature that supports life. In other words, the atmosphere, our planet's protective ceiling, has light and heat diffusing properties that allow the rays of sunlight to reach, heat, and light our world. Like everything else that exists, on the Day of Judgment the heavens will split apart and lose their functions, melt, and flow. In the Qur'an, the phrase "When the Sun is compacted in blackness" (Surat at-Takwir, 1) refers to this Day. From this expression, we understand that the Sun's light will no longer benefit the world.
On the Day of Judgment, the Sun and the Moon, Earth's two sources of light, will be darkened one after the other. The disappearance of the atmosphere is not the only reason why there will be no light on Earth on that Day; rather, the Qur'an reveals that not only will the heavens, Earth and everything in between be destroyed, but that it is the final day for the entire universe. As the first few verses of Surat at-Taghabun say, Allah is the One Who creates everything complete and perfect, and He has the power to bring about anything He wills when He wills. He created the universe, which contains billions of stars in each of the billions of galaxies, and He will destroy it again just by uttering the command "Be!" when He wills.
It is quite impossible for the human mind to truly grasp the vastness of the universe. However, we can try to estimate its scale. The Sun is one of the predicted 200-250 billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy. Considered one of the smaller stars, even though it is 333,000 times as massive as our own Earth, it is located 28,000 light years away from the center of the Milky Way, which itself is 100,000 light years across (one light year is equal to 9,460,800,000,000 kms or 5,879,000,000,000 miles.) Earth rotates around its axis at a speed of 1,670 kms (1,040 miles) per hour, and weighs 6,000 quintillions of metric tons (6 x 1021). The Sun moves around the center of the galaxy at a speed of 792,000 kms (492,000 miles) per hour, and the Milky Way spins through space at around 2.1 million kms (1.3 million miles) per hour. But on the Day of Judgment, this awesome universe will be destroyed, and stars of indescribable proportions will be extinguished.
Every spot in the universe is another sign of Allah's existence, greatness, and power. They have existed until now only by His will and permission, and for the duration that He wills for them. Certainly Allah, Who creates and sustains this balance, can destroy it whenever He wills. The universe's death will occur only when and where He wills. Everything that awed people with its greatness will be destroyed, for all planets and stars, the Sun and the Moon, will leave their orbits. Stars will fall, and all that exists will die out one by one as in "When the stars are strewn about." (Surat al-Infitar, 2)
The Sun is a star that diffuses energy incessantly. Many other stars are far larger and hold much more energy. But on the Day of Judgment, all of them will lose their power, fade, and fall, as Allah relates in the Qur'an:
When the stars fall in rapid succession. (Surat at-Takwir, 2)
When the stars are extinguished. (Surat al-Mursalat, 8)
The Sun, which has been this planet's source of life and energy forever, will darken, as will the stars that have decorated the heavens. And people will once again realize that Allah, their true owner, maintained their orbits and made them shine until that Day, for they existed only by His will.
Moreover, He will not help the unbelievers, and no other power will be able to do so. Even if technological advances enables travel to the far corners of the universe, people will not be able to avoid Allah's punishment, because the Day of Judgment will envelope the whole universe and everything, bowing to His will, will be destroyed. The Qur'an describes humanity's helplessness on that Day, as follows:
And the Moon is eclipsed, and the Sun and the Moon are fused together. On that Day man will say: "To where can I run?" No indeed! There will be no safe place. That Day, the only resting place will be your Lord. That Day man will be told what he did and failed to do. (Surat al-Qiyama, 8-13)
People on the Day of Judgment
All of the events related so far begin with hearing a previously unrecognized sound at an unexpected time. All people who had thought until that moment that everything would remain unchanged and undamaged will be proven wrong.
Everything that takes place just before the trumpet sounds is no different from the day before. Earth is revolving at the same pace, the Sun is illuminating our planet, life goes on, and many people continue to live according to their habitual routines without wondering why and by whom they were created and what end they will meet. People will be thinking about the meal to be served that night, focusing on an upcoming business meeting, shopping, or sleeping, and many will be denying Allah's existence when they hear this sound. Everything will begin and end in one instant.
Their bodies, which people think of as strong and brag about, will be unexpectedly gripped by death from all sides. Their only concern will be for survival. Out of sheer terror, people will cease to care about the things that they so valued, craved, and took risks for while alive.
All of this fear, terror, and shock results from many people living in ignorance. The Day's unbearable hardship will never cease to pursue the unbelievers. Each unfolding event will increase their panic and terror, and each passing moment will bring fresh suffering and peril. The awesome events they encounter will demonstrate Allah's majesty, Whom they had denied until then. Humanity, who will be utterly weak and helpless in the face of this power, will be able to do nothing but feel remorse, helplessness, and fear. As the seconds pass, their realization of the frightening punishment that Allah has prepared for them in the Hereafter will only increase. During these frightening minutes, they will encounter only a fraction of the suffering awaiting them. The Qur'an recounts this fear in some detail.
The Intensity Of The Last Hour Will Cause A Terror That Has Never Been Known Before
Adnan Oktar: Such a stage will be reached that not one person will be left to speak the name of Allah. The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) says in a hadith that "No one will be left to say Allah." Nobody will hear the words "Allah, Allah." The souls of the few Muslims in that time will be seized. Allah will send a wind, He says. These are the visits of Azrail, who will take their souls one by one. One evening time, around evening or bedtime. I am speaking in terms of Istanbul, as we are told in the hadiths about the End Times that things will be based around Istanbul in the End Times. The meeting with Hazrat Khidr(pbuh) and the like are all discussed in terms of Istanbul. The coming of Hazrat Mahdi (pbuh) and the Prophet Jesus (pbuh), that is why I am describing these things. The two shores of the Bosphorus will join together and touch and then retract, and vast magma and flame will begin spurting forth and there will be enormously powerful earthquakes and Allah says that "you will see the mountains melt." For example, the seven hills will gradually pour away like sand and everywhere will become a completely flat plain. At this stage there will be a great terror among people. The Qur'an says this. People's normal reflexes will vanish, their normal speech will vanish, and everyone's hair will turn white from the intensity of their fear. Because these earthquakes will be long lasting. People will really suffer. The earthquake will last for days, and the mountains will continue to dissolve during those days. Magma will continue to pour forth. Then the angels will begin descending, angels will literally come down from the skies, but that will increase people's fear and terror many times over. Because people used to claim to be divine, may Allah forbid, and that there was no Allah. They said the Qur'an was not true, that it was all nonsense, may Allah forbid. But Allah will make them retract their words. He will show them that they were wrong and that His promise was true. But this will happen all over the world, insha'Allah. (From Mr. Adnan Oktar's interview on Çay TV, February 25th, 2009)
People's Fear
Allah tells people that although they passionately cling to the worldly life, their passion will not benefit them in the Hereafter. All of the things that they value, hold dear, and take risks for will bring nothing but loss if they were not done to win Allah's good pleasure. Every worldly attraction has been created as a test for humanity. The true life is in the Hereafter as Allah reveals in the Qur'an:
To mankind the love of worldly appetites is painted in glowing colors: women and children, heaped-up mounds of gold and silver, horses with fine markings, and livestock and fertile farmland. All of that is merely the enjoyment of the life of this world. The best homecoming is in the presence of Allah. (Surah Al 'Imran, 14)
Some people desperately desire the worldly attractions mentioned in the verses, and can spend their entire lives pursuing them. In the Qur'an Allah says the following about the worldly life:
Know that the life of this world is merely a game and a diversion, and ostentation and a cause of boasting among yourselves, and trying to outdo one another in wealth and children: like the plant-growth after rain, which delights the cultivators, but then it withers and you see it turning yellow, and then it becomes broken stubble. In the Hereafter, there is terrible punishment but also forgiveness from Allah and His good pleasure. The life of this world is nothing but the enjoyment of delusion. (Surat al-Hadid, 20)
For some who lives far removed from the morality of the Qur'an, one of life's biggest ambitions is to show off one's wealth, sons and daughters, and other valuables. One of the most highly prized possessions is children. This is true for all societies and is indicated in the Qur'an. The desire to have children is learned at a young age. Children are simultaneously a cause for unnecessary competition between people as well as a source of reassurance for their future. The desire to have children is of course a nice and natural desire. However when sincere Muslims have children, in the knowledge that it is Allah Who gave them these children, they raise them in the way they hope that would gain the approval of Allah in the highest level and do not have any expectations from them other than the approval of Allah. For the ones who are deceived and fooled by the life of this world, the love they feel towards their children aims either their own interests or their showing off to the society.
Another ambition is the craving for property and wealth. As we know, people's aims, plans and efforts center around these ambitions. The craving for money and wealth clouds some people's vision, moral values lose their importance, and materialism becomes the defining factor for their character. The Qur'an's morality, together with its commands and prohibitions, lose their precedence in the lives of the mentioned people; amassing wealth almost becomes a goal itself, and personal gain becomes preeminent in relationships.
On the Day of Judgment, however, everything will be reversed. People will forget all about what they used to value, for now they will realize that the objects of their desires have no more meaning. Their values will alter in moments, for wealth and children will have no value and parental emotions will lose their meaning for such people. In the face of this Day's terror, they will forget their most loved people: their children. No one will remember his or her children, much less inquiring about their well-being. In every way, this will be a very hard Day for the unbelievers.
On the Day, the sky is like molten brass and the mountains like tufts of colored wool. No good friend will ask about his friend, even though they can see each other. An evildoer will wish that he could ransom himself from the punishment of that Day by means of his sons, his wife, his brother, or his family who sheltered him or everyone else on Earth, if that only meant that he could save himself. (Surat al-Ma'arij, 8-14)
The Day when Heaven is split apart in clouds, and the angels are sent down rank upon rank. The Kingdom that Day will belong in truth to the All-Merciful. It will be a hard Day for the unbelievers. (Surat al-Furqan, 25-26)
Families will desert infants, and people will be confused as to what to do. The fear will strike so suddenly and forcefully that pregnant women will miscarry and mothers will forget about their breast-feeding children:
On the day they see it, every nursing woman will be oblivious of the baby at her breast, and every pregnant woman will abort the contents of her womb... (Surat al-Hajj, 2)
All people who rejected the appeals to believe and so became oblivious to their only true Friend and Creator, Allah, will want to avoid one another. They will be so preoccupied with themselves, that friendship, lineage, and family bonds will cease to exist:
The Day a man will flee from his brother and his mother and his father, and his wife and his children. On that Day every man among them will have concerns enough of his own. (Surah 'Abasa, 34-37)
People will Act as if Drunk
People will lose all their calmness, self-control, and, self-confidence. When the Day of Judgment is met, everything loses its value, and facial expressions, behavior, and speech all change.
We witness people's fear and terror in the face of death in films. Their responses are enough to explain their state of mind. In most scenarios, people have a hope, no matter how slim, of escaping. Even those who realize that death has come do not know what is awaiting them, or they simply believe that they will become nothingness. However, this Day's events will leave no doubt in people's mind that escape is impossible, even before death comes to them. The unbelievers will find themselves confronted with a Day that they did not expect to meet, despite being warned of it, a Day on which the existence of a Creator and a Sustainer of the universe will become clear for everyone to see, but also on which everything will be destroyed in submission to His will.
They never reflected on what comes after death, because they did not believe in Allah's or the Hereafter's existence, but they will come to realize clearly Allah's existence and power. They also will realize that there is no hope for salvation and that their new life is eternal. Their eternal suffering and sorrow will be incomparably worse than that Day's events, and Allah says in the Qur'an that the unbelievers will prefer death over such a life:
We have warned you of an imminent punishment on the Day when a man will see what he has done, and the unbeliever will say: "Oh, if only I were dust!" (Surat an-Naba', 40)
People's panic, terror and astonishment will make them appear drunk, for:
... And you will think people drunk when they are not drunk; it is just that the punishment of Allah is so severe. (Surat al-Hajj, 2)
The physical and behavioral changes in people experiencing extreme fear are very similar to those of drunken people. In such instances, dizziness, hysteria, and impeded sight are common.
As we see from what has been revealed so far, people will experience great panic on that hard day. Allah compares this chilling fear and the resulting behavior to drunkenness, for people will display uncontrolled behavior and run from place to place as if drunk. Allah makes a comparison in the Qur'an:
It is the Day when mankind will be like scattered moths. (Surat al-Qari'a, 4)
The Terror in Their Eyes
And [when] the True Promise is very close, the eyes of those who did not believe will be transfixed: "Alas for us! We were unmindful of this! No, rather we were definitely wrongdoers." (Surat al-Anbiya', 97)
The eyes are the first organs to reveal people's fear. The eyes of people who witness the fearful events of that Day will spring from their sockets in terror. The phrase "the eyes of those who did not believe will be transfixed" describes the scale of their fear. Instantly, the pupils widen, the whites of the eyes are exposed, and they freeze. All the unbelievers will taste this fear, and nothing can prevent what is coming in the face of hair-raising events. The only thing they feel will be terror.
How will you safeguard yourselves, if you disbelieve, against a Day that will turn children gray. (Surat al-Muzzammil, 17)
This fear will even grip small children. Children who do not understand this Day's true nature and that this is the first day of eternal damnation for unbelievers will have a different kind of fear. People will be full of remorse for their wrongdoings during their temporary worldly lives; but children, who lack the capacity to comprehend what is happening, will have their hair turned gray. Such a physical change is an important illustration of that Day's severity. People have seen many calamities, and they have instilled a deep fear into their hearts and affected them severely. But none of these, when compared to this Day's events, will be shocking enough to turn the children's hair gray.
The Intensity Of The Last Hour Will Stun Everyone
Adnan Oktar: But after the death of Jesus the Messiah people will experience a terrible emptiness of soul. A huge emptiness of soul, following which, Said Nursi says, around Hijri 1500, a great collapse will begin. 2-4-8-16, toward the Last Hour. By around 1543 nobody will believe in Allah and His religion, nobody. The Qur'an; there will be no letters left on the paper, none. Said Nursi says this will last for 2 years. The Law of Allah, he says. But everything he described as the lzaw of Allah has so far come about... They will demolish mosques and the Kaaba. They will flatten the Kaaba. With bulldozers or something. Nothing of the Kaaba will be left. They will level it completely. They will also demolish mosques. They will use them as drinking places or ruin them in some similar way. Allah will permit them 2 years, insha'Allah, 2 years. Then Allah will inflict the worst possible fear on them. People's hair will suddenly turn white, something that has never been seen before. This will happen at the Last Hour. Almighty Allah says "you will imagine they are drunk." You ask them questions and they do not reply. Allah says they cannot speak on that day. They just make strange noises. You ask their name and they just make funny noises, they lose all consciousness because of the intensity of their fear ... So much for being in charge and ruling the entire universe! So much for you having the people to create human beings anew! So much for your destroying an asteroid in mid-air! People will fully realize their weakness and wretchedness.
PRESENTER: It is described in the final Surahs of the Qur'an in particular how people will see that violence and wrath. I mean, it will not come as a surprise. It is described one by one in all the Surahs.
ADNAN OKTAR: Yes, they will say the person known as Bediüzzaman said the Last Hour would take place in 1545. They will roll around laughing. They will look around until the year is perhaps half over and see that nothing has happened, but he says that one evening will come, and he is referring to Istanbul here. Everywhere will be different. The time for evening prayer passes very quickly in Istanbul, as you know.
PRESENTER: Before the obligatory prayer.
ADNAN OKTAR: Yes, it is done quickly. This is an account referring to Istanbul. Because all the events of the End Times are described according to Istanbul. As they sit sipping wine on the Bosphorus they will see two sides of the Bosphorus suddenly draw together and draw apart again. And they will see, in a huge panic, vast columns of magma begin to rise to the sky from the Bosphorus. This will not be like a firework display for them, of course. Then they will realize the might of Allah, that intensity and what the reward is for their shamelessness. Their bodies will go wrong, they will lose control of their bodies. Almighty Allah says, using a very polite language, that "pregnant women will miscarry" so you can imagine what the rest will be like. Their entire bodies will malfunction out of terror.
PRESENTER: He says the mountains will walk, doesn't He?
ADNAN OKTAR: Of course, the mountains will move. It mentions the seven hills, and how the mountains will dissolve and start to walk. They will begin melting from the intensity of the tremors. Then they will fully grasp the might and power of Allah. The sky will be full of angels. What Cubbeli Ahmet refers to will happen then, the sky being full of angels. Allah says that eyes will not be opened on that day.
PRESENTER: The doors to repentance will all be closed.
ADNAN OKTAR: Of course, it will all be finished. They will already have lost consciousness and be unable to repent. They will be at a loss what to do.
PRSENTER: And there will be no more mysteries; mysteries are a sign leading to faith. They will now fully see the might and greatness of Allah.
ADNAN OKTAR: Angels will begin descending from the sky. Little time remains until people see this. Look, people today will easily live to see their great grandchildren. 1545, or 2120 AD… They will store these tapes of mine until then, and then say that this is what I described. They will have a good laugh about it before then, but when these events start happening those tapes will be forced down their throats. Because they will have lost all awareness, insha'Allah. (From Mr. Adnan Oktar's interview on TV Kayseri, November 1st, 2009)
Try to imagine wild animals, leopards, lions, wolves, jackals, bears… These animals will cease to fight with one another and come together due to these events. It is clearly an awe-inspiring sight to see thousands of wild animals like this. Allah reveals in many verses that major changes will affect Earth and humanity on the Day of Judgment. Likewise, wild animals will be completely affected, as Allah relates in the Qur'an:
When the camels in foal are neglected, when the wild beasts are all herded together. (Surat at-Takwir, 4-5)


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MEBANE � Jim Parker was plenty optimistic when, in March 2006, he began developing what�s now the Manorfield subdivision.
It�s a development of patio homes being built off Old Hillsborough Road. It�s a mile from Mebane-Oaks Road to the north and two miles from N.C. 119 to the south. It�s not far from Hawfields Middle School and Audrey Garrett Elementary.
The location is country, yet close to city amenities and the interstate. The project seemed ideal.
Then the economy and housing market both tanked and developers like Parker suffered.
�Within about eight months to a year, it turned into a bad time,� said Parker, a manager/owner of Old Hillsborough Partners. �Everything died. It was painful.�
At long last, the hurt is beginning to go away. Houses are being built in the Manorfield subdivision as well as in neighboring Arbor Creek subdivision. Parker is the developer there, too.
�Things are starting to catch on for us,� he said. �It�s certainly coming back. There�s been an uptick in interest in these lots.�
Manorfield initially had a different name and building plan. Back in 2006, it was going to be an assortment of townhouses under the name Arbor Glen Villas.
Parker said that while the real estate market is staging a resurgence, he doesn�t expect a rebound in the sale of townhouses anytime soon. That�s why the plan for the property was switched to free-standing patio homes and the subdivision�s name changed to Manorfield.
The subdivision�s patio homes have building lots of 5,500 square feet each while the houses range in size from 1,500 to 2,000 square feet. The houses in neighboring Arbor Creek are single-family and have lots of 7,500 square feet.
Parker said Manorfield will eventually be filled with about 73 patio homes (the original plan called for 94 townhouses). Arbor Creek has 99 of its original 154 lots still available. Roads will connect the subdivisions.
Parker said he�s hoping construction in Manorfield will be finished in about two-and-a-half years � all its patio homes occupied.
Matthew Winslow of Winslow Custom Homes said he doesn�t think it�ll take that long. He�s about to finish his fifth house in Manorfield. They�re spec houses � built on the speculation they�ll sell. Construction began last fall.
They�re quality houses, both Parker and Winslow said, inviting anyone with a shred of interest to come by for a look. The sign at the entrance to the subdivision advertises prices starting in the neighborhood of $155,000.
Winslow said he hasn�t been disappointed with his decision to build there � with a couple of houses already sold and closing on another expected before the end of the week. Winslow plans to continue building in the subdivision and has a contract for his first pre-sale there.
He noted houses are usually easier to sell in subdivisions where there are previous constructions and sales. That�s the case now with Manorfield, with several completed houses close to the subdivision�s entrance.
�It makes people comfortable it�s a viable neighborhood,� Winslow said of the sight of finished houses.

subset: commoncrawl


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MUNICH - Ernie Els of South Africa won the BMW International Open by one shot Sunday for his 28th European Tour title.
He closed with a third straight 3-under 69 to finish at 18-under 270 on the Eichenried Golf Club course. Els was in front after the first and second rounds and entered the last day as part of a three-way lead.
Thomas Bjorn of Denmark shot a 69 and finished a stroke back. Alexander Levy of France had a 71 and was another stroke off the pace for his best result.
Els is a two-time winner at both the U.S. Open and British Open. He is the first South African to win the BMW International in the competition's 25th edition.
"I'm a very young 43-year-old. There's not a younger 43-year-old, I promise," Els joked.
"I've tried a long time to win this golf tournament. I really had it going and then I made it tough for myself again," he added, referring to his bogey on the 11th hole.
Els started tied with Levy and Sweden's Alex Noren, but the Swede had two bogeys and fell out of contention while Els, Levy and Bjorn each made three birdies to stay in front.
Bjorn was tied for the lead with Els before a double bogey on the 14th hole -- after a bogey on No. 11 -- effectively ended the Dane's chances despite six birdies.
The 22-year-old Levy's hopes of a first title ended with four bogeys over his first nine holes.
Noren (72) finished tied for fourth with local favorite and 2008 winner Martin Kaymer (69) and Austria's Bernd Wiesberger (68).
Defending champion Danny Willett of England shot a 72. He finished with an eagle for a share of 18th place.


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Welcome to Mu-43.com—a friendly Micro 4/3 camera & photography discussion forum!If you are thinking of buying a camera or need help with your photos, you will find our forum members full of advice! Click here to join for free!
GH2, first shutter-less camera?
Discussion in 'Micro 4/3 News and Rumors' started by eolake, Jan 30, 2010.


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Oklahoma Water Resources Board Fact Sheet Plugging Abandoned Wells - December 2010 Page 1
Well Plugging Procedures
Water Wells and Water Well Test Holes
Fill uncontaminated wells or water well test holes with uncontaminated,
compacted drill cuttings and/or uncontaminated surface clay, cement, bentonite pellets or granules, or high solids bentonite grout to within fourteen (14) feet of the land surface, and a minimum of ten (10) feet of the annular space and interior of the well casing shall be filled with cement grout to at least four (4) feet below the land surface. On ordinary uncontaminated wells and test holes, fill the final four feet with clean, compacted native soil to prevent surface water and poor quality water from flowing down the well casing.
To plug uncontaminated groundwater wells, fresh water observation wells, or heat exchange wells in the alluvium and terrace deposits of the Arkansas, Cimarron, Salt Fork of the Arkansas, North Canadian, Canadian, Washita, North Fork of the Red, Salt Fork of the Red River, Red River, and other streams or rivers authorized by the Board, fill the well with clean, uncontaminated silica sand to within sixteen (16) feet of
Plugging Abandoned Wells
FACT SHEET - Well Driller/Pump Contractor
Uncontaminated water well or water well test hole plugging procedures.
Water Well Abandonment and Plugging Rules And Regulations
The OWRB sets minimum well construction standards and licenses drillers of water wells, observation wells, water well test holes, monitoring wells, heat pump wells and geotechnical borings. The OWRB licenses water well pump installers, regulates the plugging and sealing of abandoned wells and requires exact steps in filling, sealing and capping these structures when they are removed from use.
The Rules and Regulations concerning well plugging are laws of the state, and they are set out to protect Oklahoma's fresh groundwater basins from pollution and waste and safeguard its citizens from accidents. Old wells, no matter how small or remote, offer the potential for injury - even death - to animals and humans, especially small children. These open holes, often hidden by overgrown weeds and brush, can be dangerous traps.
Pollution of a family well or the well that supplies water to a community has enormous potential for harm. Debris, small animals and runoff waters polluted with chemicals and other substances that enter the groundwater basin through open holes can spoil a water supply and make it unsafe for drinking for years.
The well driller is responsible for plugging the abandoned well or test hole if the well drilling equipment is on the drilling site. If a well is abandoned after the well drilling equipment has been removed from the drilling site, the owner of the land where the well or test hole is located is responsible for plugging.
Water well or water well test hole plugging procedures. (in certain alluvium and terrace aquifers as authorized by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board) Page 2 Plugging Abandoned Wells - December 2010 Oklahoma Water Resources Board Fact Sheet
the land surface, then two (2) feet of bentonite pellets or granules shall be placed on the uncontaminated silica sand, and finally, a minimum of ten (10) feet of cement grout shall be installed in the annular space and interior of the well casing to at least four (4) feet below the land surface.
Contaminated water wells or water well test holes require more precautions
and greater protection. If the well or water well test hole is contaminated
or it is located at an underground tank site or within 300 feet of the outside perimeter of an existing wastewater lagoon or is located on a tract of land where a wastewater lagoon is proposed, the casing shall be removed or perforated from the bottom of the casing to twenty (20) feet below land surface. If the total depth of the well is in excess of twenty feet (20') below land surface, the cement grout shall be placed by pumping from the bottom of the hole to the land surface. The pipe used to accomplish
this is called a "tremie pipe".
Monitoring Wells
The OWRB requires monitoring wells to be plugged within three days after final use. Option One: Fill monitoring wells with cement grout, pumped through a tremie pipe, to four (4) feet below the surface, or Option Two: fill from the bottom to fourteen (14) feet below the surface with bentonite pellets, granules or high-solids grout. Then add at least ten (10) feet of cement grout to within four feet of the land surface. Fill the remaining four (4) feet with clean, uncontaminated, compacted soil
Contaminated water well or water well test hole plugging procedures.
Uncontaminated Monitoring well plugging procedures; two options
Contaminated Monitoring well plugging procedures.Oklahoma Water Resources Board Fact Sheet Plugging Abandoned Wells - December 2010 Page 3
Hand-dug well plugging procedures.
(both options). If the depth of the well is less than fourteen (14) feet, fill from bottom to top with cement grout.
If contaminated soil or contaminated groundwater is present or was previously
present in the well and the top of the screen is less than twenty (20) feet below land surface, the casing shall be removed or drilled out. Over-drilling of the casing of the monitoring well is required when plugging
monitoring wells. The same size auger used to drill the borehole shall be used to drill out the casing. Cement grout shall be placed from the bottom of the well to an elevation four (4) feet below land surface. If the top of the well screen is twenty (20) feet or more below land surface and the well meets current minimum construction standards, then the casing need not be removed and cement grout shall be placed in the well through a tremie pipe and filled or pumped from the bottom upward to within four (4) feet of land surface or to land surface. The remaining four (4) feet to land surface shall be backfilled with compacted uncontaminated
Hand-Dug Wells
Remove the lining from the top five (5) feet of the hand-dug well, then fill with clean surface clay or grout to within six (6) feet of surface. Add at least two (2) feet of cement or grout. Fill the top four (4) feet with clean, compacted native soil, unless the OWRB directs you differently.
Geotechnical Borings
The OWRB requires geotechnical borings to be plugged within thirty (30) days after final use.
Fill geotechnical borings with clean drill cuttings, uncontaminated surface
clay, cement and/or bentonite pellets or granules from the bottom to fourteen (14) feet below the surface, then at least ten (10) feet of cement grout, and the final four feet to land surface with clean, uncontaminated, compacted soil.
If there is contaminated water or contaminated soil, pump cement grout through a tremie pipe from the bottom of the boring to within four feet of the surface. Fill the remaining four (4) feet with clean, compacted soil.
Geotechnical boring plugging procedures; uncontaminated and contaminated.
If the boring is twenty (20) feet deep or less and there is no evidence of groundwater, fill the boring with clean, compacted, uncontaminated soil or drill cuttings to land surface. If it is fourteen (14) feet or less and clean groundwater has been encountered, fill the hole with cement grout or bentonite pellets, granules or high solids grout to within four feet of the surface. Fill the final (4) four feet with clean, compacted soil. (If cement grout is used, mix one 94-pound sack of cement with no more than six gallons of water.)Page 4 Plugging Abandoned Wells - December 2010 Oklahoma Water Resources Board Fact Sheet
Useful Definitions
Commercial Plugging: plugging wells or boring as a business, trade or occupation in exchange for payment
Geotechnical Boring: a hole drilled or bored to sample soil, geologic formations or to check groundwater quality
Geothermal Well: a heat pump well
Groundwater Well: any excavation constructed for the production of groundwater
Heat Pump Well: a boring or cased hole that uses the temperature of the geologic formations or groundwater for heating/cooling purposes
Monitoring Well: a well that is used to obtain groundwater samples (for determining chemistry or quality), to detect or remediate pollution or to monitor the unsaturated zone above the water table
Observation Well: any well used to measure the depth to the water table or to determine groundwater flow direction
Piezometer: a cased hole that monitors water pressure or soil moisture tensions
Tremie Pipe: any rigged PVC or metal pipe that can be inserted to the bottom of the well or hole and used to place cement grout pumped for plugging
Water Well Test Hole: any excavation that is constructed to determine the location of fresh groundwater and/or the ability of the aquifer to yield groundwater
Well Driller: an individual, owner-proprietor or partnership, firm or corporation engaged in the business of commercial drilling, plugging, reconstructing or testing for wells
Oklahoma Water Resources Board
Planning and Management Division
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The Oklahoma Water Resources Board requires these procedures in order to Protect Oklahoma's Groundwater and the Health and Safety of its Citizens.
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New Visitacion Valley Library Opened July 2011. Visitacion Valley is LEED Gold certified
- Virtual Tour of LEED features
- Opening Day Photos
- Design Presentation: July 2008 (PDF 1M)
- Public Art Proposal (PDF)
- Facts Sheets English (PDF) | Chinese (PDF)
San Francisco Bureau of Architecture rendering: Visitacion Valley Branch Library
As part of the bond measure overwhelmingly passed by the voters in November 2000, the San Francisco Public Library is replacing the Visitacion Valley Branch Library.
Highlights Include
- Corner entrance with prominent design to give a civic presence to the building
- Service desk with sight lines to all areas of the library
- Separate children, teens, and adult spaces
- New program room accessible after hours for community use
- Different roof heights with acoustical treatments to create quiet spaces
- Study room to allow space for quiet independent study
- Windows to provide lighting and natural ventilation to all areas of library
- Space for more books, computers and other materials
- Green Building features (LEED Gold equivalent)
The Friends of the San Francisco Public Library are raising funds from private donations to pay for new furniture, fixtures, and equipment for the branch libraries.
Building better libraries for stronger communities


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Appeared in the April 27, 2010, Tomahawk Leader with pictures of Tomahawk students who have taken the pledge:
Young people around the world, including many in the Tomahawk School District, are taking a stand and raising awareness of the dehumanizing and hurtful affects of the words "retard" and "retarded" and are helping encourage others to think before they speak. They ask that you help the Special Olympics organization change the conversation by helping to eliminate the demeaning use of the R-word and replace it with "respect." This will help create a more accepting world for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and all those people who may appear different, but have unique gifts and talents to share with the world. A recent day of awareness was held, with hopes that 100,000 pledges would be reached. That goal has been surpassed! (A look today at the site show 130,000-plus pledges.)
Locally, Special Olympians sold t-shirts and supporters proudly wore them recently to show support for the campaign. To learn more, visit www.r-word.org and make a pledge not to use the R-word.
You'll find a link to this web site at www.tomahawkleader.com
Replace 'R-word' with 'Respect'
We encourage you to respond to our opinions. We will try to make an editorial or column available for discussion each week.
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After Democrat brinksmanship, House group finds agreement on immigration bill
A bipartisan House group hammered out an immigration-reform deal late Thursday after years of closed-door meetings and last-minute brinksmanship from a top Democrat.
The final agreement, which could be drafted into legislation by June 1, came together after Rep. Xavier Becerra, D-Calif., dropped what sources said was a blanket objection to denying immigrants healthcare benefits after they become legalized as part of a pathway to citizenship.
The House members and their aides refused to discuss many particulars, although it's clear that portions of their bill are more conservative than the plan from the Democrat-controlled Senate.
The House plan would call for a citizenship path that lasts 15 years — two years longer than the Senate version.
But it's not too conservative, either.
"It's pretty clear if we're going to pass legislation, it has to be bipartisan," Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart, R-Miami, said.
"The reason this has been a long, arduous and difficult process — again if I had drafted it myself it would have been different — but the fact is you have to keep both parties on board."
In the final days, however, that effort was imperiled.
Though Republicans have had the most discomfort with the bill, the specter of partisanship started to arise from Becerra, sources said. Becerra wouldn't comment to a McClatchy reporter.
Becerra, a California representative, recently began resisting once-agreed upon deals and began making some public statements that made it appear as if he blamed Republicans for stalled talks, according to those familiar with the closed-door talks.
Becerra was the de facto representative of House Democratic leadership in the immigration working group. Becerra represents a district in California, home state of Rep. Nancy Pelosi, the minority leader.
Regardless of who said what and when, it was clear that cracks in the once-united group were forming. The spirit of bipartisanship became strained. And that risked the entire immigration-reform deal in the U.S. House, and perhaps Congress.
The risks, and the politics, haven't gone away, either. Accusations are flying.
Republicans believe Becerra is trying to slow the House bill down to help Democratic leadership or even the White House pressure Republican House Speaker John Boehner into accepting the Democratic Senate's so-called Gang of Eight bill, which could be more liberal than a plan that passes the conservative House.
Democrats say Republicans are moving too far to the right to make the measure palatable to the Democrats in the House, whose support will be crucial because conservatives — especially those from the Deep South — are more likely to oppose any immigration-reform plan that has a pathway to citizenship.
Without naming names, Becerra's fellow Democrat, Illinois Rep. Luis Gutierrez, expressed a measure of concern that people from his own party could be trying to scuttle immigration reform, which has bedeviled Republicans.
"One of the greatest challenges to bipartisanship is the zeal for partisanship," Gutierrez said, calling on his colleagues to remember the just-ended elections.
"For me, Nov. 6 said stop picking winners and losers. Sit down at the table. Fix this immigration system," he said. "They didn't say we're voting for you Democrats so you can go and exploit the situation."
Gutierrez also expressed a measure of discomfort with the fact that Becerra appeared to participate in public discussions about the inner workings of the group in a New York Times article, breaking the de facto code of silence that Republicans and Democrats have been able to maintain for years.
"All I can tell you on the record is the article, the underlying premise, is unfounded," Gutierrez said.
The Times article quoted Becerra as well as unnamed aides, who said that Republicans refused to sign off on a deal between labor unions and big business over a guest-worker program.
But on Thursday it became clear that the major sticking point revolved around Becerra and a conflict over providing health-insurance benefits to those immigrants, currently undocumented, whose status would become newly legalized under the pathway to citizenship.
That issue, the sources say, was brought up by Becerra — and with good reason because the hospital lobby wants more public money to treat undocumented immigrants, for whom care is currently uncompensated.
However, years ago, Republicans and Democrats in the group of House members agreed that immigration reform wouldn't provide public benefits to those who had broken immigration laws. A change under Obama's health law, however, necessitated that lawmakers revisit their prior agreement.
"We're trying to make this as non-taxpayer-funded as possible at any level, including locally," said Rep. John Carter, a Texas Republican and member of the House group.
"One of our problems in healthcare is overloading the emergency rooms," he said before the deal was reached Thursday. "So we're trying to come up with a solution for that. It's difficult."
Carter said there was no question that there were political forces at work trying to delay the House bipartisan proposal. That pressure is coming from both ends of the political spectrum.
"There has been no doubt about it," he said. "There is an element that doesn't want this to reach the floor before the Senate bill reaches the floor."
Carter would not say who is putting pressure on whom. And he wouldn't give details on the deal.
Just minutes after the House bipartisan team reached an agreement on an immigration deal, Carter patted Gutierrez on the back on the House floor during unrelated votes. Both had big smiles on their faces.
The relief was a long time coming. The group in one form or another has met since 2009. Members expected to release their bill ahead of the Senate, but talks got bogged down.
However, because they've met for so long, the legislation is nearly drafted in its entirety. So it should be released in the coming weeks.
It's just in time for Boehner, who said Thursday morning that he was worried.
"I am concerned that the bipartisan group has been unable to wrap up their work," he told reporters Thursday morning.
Going forward, the politics become trickier. The bill has to go through the House Judiciary Committee, which is stacked with conservatives.
In the Senate, Florida's Marco Rubio says their bill can't survive in the Republican House as currently drafted. But a too-conservative bill could suffer in the Democratic Senate.
How the members walk that fine line is yet to be seen.
Not only is immigration a complicated topic, it's easier to use it to score political points in Congress, Gutierrez said.
"It's almost like it's almost impossible to tell people: Stop fighting," he said. "It's like mixed martial arts. It is very, very difficult."


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A few years back, the Los Angeles Times considered joining a runaway industry trend. Everywhere you clicked on the political web, it seemed, someone was putting the drywall and paint on a stand-alone, cleverly branded fact-checking machine or at least some sort of discrete truth-outing posts. FactCheck.org, PolitiFact, Washington Post, New York Times, CNN, the Associated Press, numerous local TV stations, and on and on. Everyone's in on this page-view-promoting gimmick or accountability tool or page-view scam or proud model of explanatory journalism.
Top editorial thinkers at the Los Angeles Times, however, passed up the temptation. "Our feeling was that the resources you would lose from overall newsgathering and putting them only on fact-checking — that the cost was just too high," says David Lauter, Washington bureau chief for the Los Angeles Times and the Chicago Tribune.
They came up with a prescription that nowadays looks revolutionary: "We could do fact-checking in the course of people's normal reporting," says Lauter.
That's precisely what Lauter did this week, a feat that won him temporary cult status on the Internet. The topic of his story was a convention speech by Rick Santorum. Here's what the headline said:
Rick Santorum repeats inaccurate welfare attack on Obama
That "attack" was the well-worn GOP line about how President Obama has "waived" work requirements for welfare. Lauter countered with this fact:
His administration in July issued a letter to state governments saying that the Department of Health and Human Services would consider requests from states to experiment with new ways to fulfill the work requirements. The letter said that in order to receive waivers to carry out the experiments, states would have to show that their plans would move more welfare recipients into jobs than existing policies.
Such words won praise from my Washington Post colleague Greg Sargent and Kevin Drum of Mother Jones. Twitter complimented as well:
Says Lauter about the Santorum thing: "We've gotten compliments from some and brickbats from others."
The headline gained traction in part because of a surge of chatter among journo sites and analysts about the merits of cleaving fact-checking operations from news stories on politics. A post earlier this week by Dan Conover on the site Xark put the question in these terms:
What we call "fact checking" is simply traditional journalism dressed up in a modern gimmick. Poli-Fact and Glenn Kessler at the Washington Post aren't doing anything that couldn't be done in news stories. That we now place "fact" in a separate category from standard political reporting is a testament to a broken system, yet it doesn't change the system.
The debate in journalism circles, says Lauter, filtered into the discussions of the Los Angeles Times. As did the trend toward brazen mendacity in politics. "I think there's a feeling that people in both parties are loosening what once upon a time were the boundaries. People have been doing their best to strike well beyond them," says Lauter. "We need to try new ways to at least make clear to the readers what the camps are doing."
Yeah, like advertising the lie right smack in the headline!
On that question, Lauter said that he's always preached a simple rule to reporters who flinch at putting controversial things in the bright lights: "If you're confident about putting it in print, you should be confident enough to put it in the lede, and if you're confident enough to put it in the lede, you should be confident enough to put it in the headline," says Lauter.
The headline on the Santorum story signaled the judgment of the Los Angeles Times that his inaccuracy was the news of the appearance, not whatever else he may have said about America, working in mines, freedom, opportunity or Mitt Romney.
"Candidates for high office that say false things are acting in a newsworthy manner," says Lauter. "That in and of itself is a newsworthy event." Does it throw a shadow over everything else? "Not necessarily," says Lauter. "It depends on the situation."
In the case of Santorum, he wasn't the nominee nor the keynote speaker, and the point about work requirements has been significant to the Romney campaign. "So that heightened" the profile of the Santorum remark.
And the rest of the speech, well, we'd heard that pitch 300 times in the primary season. "The other things he had to say in the speech were interesting but not exactly news," says Lauter. "In this case, it was not a particularly close call."


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2002-S Flag Silver Louisiana LA State Quarter PR69DCAM PCGS Proof 69 Deep Cameo
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Description2002-S Silver Louisiana PCGS Proof 69 Deep Cameo Washington Quarter in FLAG holder
Excellent detail, excellent condition, no marks or haze, a very strong cameo, a very beautiful coin. *The LCCOINS text in our photos is to protect our photos. The text does not appear on the actual coins. Shipping info
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USPS Shipping is $3 for the first coin and $1 for each additional coin. Combined shipping is applied during the checkout process- simply If items are missing from the checkout invoice, request a new invoice from us so we can manually combine all winnings. Items must be paid together in one single payment to receive the shipping discount. We do not refund fees for multiple payments that are shipped together. All packages are privately insured and include Delivery Confirmation. Most orders are shipped within 1-2 business days from the day payment is received. Payment is expected within 7 days of when the auction ends.
We offer a shipping cap of $12 for coins ordered over a seven day period that are paid on the same invoice. In order to receive the $12 shipping rate you must:
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Vigor Alaska
Vigor Alaska operates the Ketchikan Shipyard on behalf of the City of Ketchikan, the Ketchikan Gateway Borough, the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority – and on behalf of our customers.
We offer top-notch and expanding facilities in southeastern Alaska, in our state's fifth largest city along the famed Inland Passage. Our experience, like the waters around us, runs deep.
We have great production equipment and tooling, but the true success of the Ketchikan Shipyard and Vigor Alaska can be attributed to our people. Our production and management teams are built on a core of Alaskan workers who take extreme pride in our work. Our productivity is unrivaled.
As Alaskans, we have firsthand experience with the challenging conditions that vessels and crews encounter. We depend on those who sail to transport our supplies and our friends and families. Knowledge of vessels and the harsh conditions of our long coastline and maritime communities gives us an exceptional commitment to quality ship repair and construction. To that end, we continually increase our skills and capabilities for ship repair, new vessel construction, and large fabrication projects.
Whether you are a customer, an employee, a supplier/vendor, or subcontractor, together we can build or repair vessels safer, faster, better, and at lower cost.


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Browsing by Subject "Cardiometabolic risk"
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Thinking around abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk. (SAGE Publications., 2006-03)BROOM, I., 2006. Thinking around abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk. British Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease, 6 (2), pp. 58-61.Obesity, particularly abdominal (visceral) obesity, is a burden on healthcare systems worldwide and is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, ...


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Apr 4th SkyDesk TS Console Release 184.108.40.206. now available
SkyDesk 184.108.40.206. Release Notes:1. Application publish with command line parameters for Windows Server 2008 as well. 2. Admin can update Application related information from application details page for both Windows Servers 2008 and 2012.3. Registry check is implemented. If user does not have registry read/write permission then installer will not ... Read More »
Dec 22nd TS Console Updates New Version 126.96.36.199
Enhancements: Print message update in Spark Gateway. Load balancing automation: Admisntrator no longer needs to implement any manual steps in order to install Load Balancing role. Admin will just click on Load Balancing Role and it will complete automatically and update the job accordingly. We have added the following new Policies in ... Read More »
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After opening the season with a 27-10 victory over North Carolina, South Carolina will play its annual showdown at border rival Georgia Saturday afternoon.
After opening the season with a 27-10 victory over North Carolina, South Carolina will play its annual showdown with border rival Georgia Saturday afternoon as the Gamecocks travel to Athens for the first conference game of the year.
Most prognosticators before the season predicted the SEC East to either be won by South Carolina or Georgia, as the two schools have combined to win the past three division titles, and although this game could go a long way toward deciding who will represent the SEC East at the Georgia Dome, USC head coach Steve Spurrier warned during his teleconference on Sunday that no matter the outcome, there is a lot of football left to be played.
"Time will only tell. We can't worry about all of that," Spurrier said. "The only thing we can concern ourselves with is trying to beat Georgia."
The sixth-ranked Gamecocks have had success against the Bulldogs recently, entering Saturday's game having won three straight in the series.
However, despite its success, USC has won the SEC East just once over the past three years as UGA finished 7-1 in the conference each of the past two seasons to reach Atlanta and the SEC Championship.
The Gamecocks went 6-2 in the SEC both seasons.
"Whoever wins or loses, it just proves that they're not in the driver's seat for anything," Spurrier said. "Florida is very good. Tennessee could be very good this year. Vandy lost a heartbreaker the other night. Everybody's pretty good so we just try to play one at a time and see what happens."
USC should be healthier against Georgia than it was against the Tar Heels as leading returning receiver Bruce Ellington, who played sparingly and had only one catch against UNC, should be good to go against Georgia.
"He practiced yesterday a lot better," Spurrier said. "He should be very close to 100 percent."
The Gamecocks also could get back starting tight end Busta Anderson, who did not dress against North Carolina. Anderson and defensive tackle J.T. Surratt, who suffered a foot contusion against UNC, could be game-time decisions.
"They're on the limited list I think, but they're definitely not out. They'll be somewhat limited during practice this week and see how they feel Saturday," Spurrier said.
In addition to Surratt, center Cod Waldrop and strong safety Kadetrix Marcus were injured against the Tar Heels.
Marcus will be out for a few weeks after separating his shoulder, but Spurrier is hopeful that Waldrop's foot sprain will be better by Saturday.
"Hopefully he'll be back in time, but he's in a boot right now," Spurrier said.
No. 5 Georgia not only lost its season opener at Clemson, but also lost leading returning wide receiver Malcolm Mitchell for the season with a torn ACL.
Mitchell was hurt celebrating a touchdown run by Georgia running back Todd Gurley in the first quarter.
Mark Richt said during his teleconference Sunday that Mitchell's injury certainly hurts the Bulldogs moving forward.
"We've got other guys that have gone deep that can make plays for us, but Malcolm was certainly one guy that could do that," Richt said. "He had great speed and quickness. He would snatch the ball in traffic. He was a great competitor."
Gurley, who strained his quad in the first quarter against the Tigers, is expected to play against USC.
Despite suffering the injury and missing time throughout the game, Gurley rushed for 154 yards on just 12 carries in Georgia's 38-35 loss to Clemson.
Spurrier expects his defense to have its hands full trying to slow down the sophomore.
"We worry about stopping the run game because they're very good, and Gurley is one of the best in the country," Spurrier said.
One player on USC's defense who will have the challenge of trying to slow down Gurley is South Carolina star defensive end Jadeveon Clowney.
The Heisman Trophy candidate received some scrutiny after Thursday's game for his perceived lack of conditioning as Clowney appeared winded throughout the game. But Spurrier expects the junior to be fine going forward.
"Jadeveon, obviously he was pooped, but I think there were some other reasons he was pooped instead of not being in great shape. I think he's in pretty good shape, and hopefully we'll get him ready to go this coming game," Spurrier said. "We know he can rush the passer a little bit better maybe than the other night. Hopefully that'll happen, and he'll chase down some ball carriers and just play more like he's capable."


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Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs
Last Reviewed: September 17, 2012
My dog had a lump biopsied yesterday. My vet thinks it is a mast cell tumor. What can you tell me about mast cell cancers?
Erika Krick, VMD, DACVIM Veterinary Medical Oncologist, University of Pennsylvania, responds:
The behavior of mast cell tumors can be quite varied. Often staging is recommended after the diagnosis is made, and the recommended treatment depends on the staging results, size of the tumor, and other factors. I recommend that you discuss these options with your veternainarian or make an appointment with a veterinary oncologist.
Learn more about mast cell tumors in dogs.
This question and answer was part of the OncoLink Brown Bag Chat Series. View the entire transcript from When a Beloved Pet has Cancer.


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Fierce Fire: Capturing the Role of Cheatgrass in Western Wildfires
In the image above of the Constantia Fire in Long Valley, California, the brown burned patch was likely carried by cheatgrass (the dense yellow cover in the lower elevation areas) up into Pinon-Juniper forest at higher elevations. New research by UMass Amherst biogeographer Bethany Bradley (Environmental Conservation), fire expert Jennifer Balch (Penn State) and colleagues suggests that cheatgrass, an invasive species brought west by settlers in the 1800s, is one cause for the larger, hotter and more frequent range fires in the western US. This is the first study to document the role of cheatgrass-driven fires at a regional scale. Learn more.
Photo credit: Nolan Preece


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May 2014 – The healing water
The water flashes in the bottle, refracting the light from the sun. Veiled behind drops of condensation, a small pocket of air resides, between the surface of the water and the cap. Silvery, with a magical shimmer, water can sometimes … Continue reading


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Spring 2019 Submissions by Mita DasVisit Website
You can buy Mita's entries as vegan-suede cushions, canvases and prints, exclusively until June 24th. All are handmade to order in the UK, and Mita will be paid for every sale!
Support our entrants by voting and buying their products. Every Facebook like and share earns Mita 1 point. Every sale 100 points. See full competition instructions.