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Monday, November 08, 2010
(CHICAGO, IL – November 8, 2010) My most recent realization that horse racing means more than a sport or a chance to bet money occurred early in Breeders' Cup week. This understanding was affirmed when Zenyatta walked under the grandstand en route to the walking ring and then again when she lost. Human athletics stir feelings in fans for reasons principally logical. The passions of horse racing transcend the sensations associated with team affinity. Once people become fans they become immersed in a culture that's inexplicable.
Plenty was wrong with the 27th Breeders' Cup to leave the impression that Friday and Saturday weren't the sport's finest moments. It was forty-five degrees colder in Louisville than in Southern California, where the Breeders' Cup should have been held. In addition, the legendary Kentucky hospitality was lost on out-of-town guests that felt cheated by two-bit taxi cab drivers charging three times the normal fare and over-hyped restaurants serving overcooked vegetables. Beginning with the first Breeders' Cup race, after which a flyweight bout between Calvin Pacquiao and J.J. Castellano broke out, a series of other unusual happenings took place.
Heavy favorites Midday and Blind Luck, perceived as invincible, lost on Friday. Fred Brei, the cheesy owner of Awesome Feather, pitched the sale of his champion like a snake oil salesman in a post-victory interview, dulling the rare thrill of winning by reminding the world that the sport was first and foremost a business. On Saturday morning, Sir Michael Stoute, the trainer of Workforce, declared the grass course too firm when it wasn't and scratched the Arc winner from running. John Velazquez aboard Life At Ten informed the vets that his mount didn't seem right in the warm-ups before the Breeders' Cup Ladies Classic, was told to pound sand, and then sat helplessly on his horse as it ambled about in last place as if out for an aimless jog. Another horse was euthanized; another vanned off in discomfort.
On Wednesday evening at the Muhammad Ali Center, the National Turf Writers Association held its annual Awards Dinner. As these nights generally go, dinner follows a cocktail hour and a silent auction raises money for charity. There are long-winded speakers. But this wasn't the case at this soiree as the six people who came to the podium embraced brevity – at least in the sense that they spoke so effectively that you didn't care how long they went on.
The legendary founder of Dogwood Stable Cot Campbell introduced Michael Blowen of Old Friends Equine with his usual charm. Blowen, in turn, charmed the audience with stories of how he changed his life from being an entertainment critic for the Boston Globe into a horse rescuer. Then Arlington park operative David Zenner explained why Neil Milbert meant so much to the art of turf writing and the Chicago Tribune vet spoke of how much the sport meant to him. The evening's last honoree, Richard Migliore, had Bo Derek to present him to the lectern. If Derek is a 10, then "the Mig" was a 10-plus. Nobody could have spoken with more heart and poignancy.
All these speakers were preceded by student Patrick Raleigh of Fordham University, the latest and last scholarship recipient chosen by the NTWA for YouBet.com. Raliegh's impact was stunning, lending impetus to the important questions of why horse racing is such a force in the lives of the people who follow it and why its allure isn't infectious. More turf writers should have spent the few bucks to hear Raleigh speak of how his dad got him started and how sublime he finds Saratoga. They would have been showm themselves off to be NTWA members for more than the Eclipse Award ballot and they would have left the party, after hearing the speakers, better writers. Is fraternity dead?
Regardless, the theme of horse racing's singularity was manifested differently on Saturday. As a metaphor for Zenyatta's dying career, the setting sun enabled thousands of fans to cause flash-operated cameras to twinkle like stars in the grandstand. The racetrack presence of the unbeaten mare, pawing her ground to applause, made Churchill Downs at dusk glow like it's never shone before. Zenyatta's failure to catch Blame produced a schizophrenic reaction. People situated close to the finishing post knew she fell a head short of 20 for 20. Those further away allowed hope to affect their eyesight.
Men and women wept openly, unashamed that they as adults were shedding tears because a horse lost a race. Quiet flooded the setting like fog on a golf course. Time stood still, no one moved from his spot. People wondered if what happened really happened. Then the crowd filtered out the building, uttering the murmur that Zenyatta was greater in defeat than in victory. It was a declaration that made no sense whatsoever, but a belief that they wanted to hold on to.
Now comes the invariable argument about which horse – Blame or she should be Horse of the Year. The debate trivializes history. An encounter that was greater than a characterization of worth transpired in the waning hours of Saturday's daylight under the shadow of the famous Twin Spires, just as an idea more powerful than a student acknowledging his gratitude for the gift of money to pay for his education was spoken by Patrick Raleigh on Wednesday evening.
The Breeders' Cup remains wonderfully unscripted. There's only one thing that you can count on. It's that you won't experience a similar array of emotions elsewhere.
Vic Zast has attended every Breeders' Cup end-of-year event since the series began. You can follow him on Facebook.com and Twitter.com.
Written by Vic Zast


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Black Mountain College Bulletin/ Bulletin-Newsletter, Vol. X, No. 4. November 1952 - Page 1
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|Black Mountain College Bulletin/ Bulletin-Newsletter, Vol. X, No. 4. November 1952
|Other Title
|1952-1953 Catalog
|Black Mountain College (Black Mountain, N.C.)
College publications--North Carolina
Education, Humanistic--North Carolina
Universities and colleges--North Carolina--Black Mountain
College students--North Carolina--Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Universities and colleges--North Carolina--Curricula
Black Mountain, Buncombe County, North Carolina, United States
|Time Period
|(1945-1989) Post War/Cold War period
|Original college catalog for the school year 1952-1953 that includes a brief history of the college, information about the educational policies and the government of the college, a physical description of the campus, a detailed description of the curricula and graduation criteria, a list of faculty, various aspects of college life, college fees, and financial assistance. Released by Nell Goldsmith Heyns.
|Physical Characteristics
|30 pages, 6 x 9" height
|Courtesy of Western Regional Archives. Prior permission from the State Archives of NC is required for any commercial use.;
|Requirements for Use
|Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for PDF files.
|Black Mountain College Research Project. North Carolina Museum of Art. Western Regional Archives
|Local call no.
|BMCRP, Series VI, Box 75, Folder 33
|61.12.6 (Sub Series)
|Digital Collection
|Black Mountain College
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|BLACK MOUNTAIN BULLETIN COLLEGE 1952- 1953 CALENDAR 2 EDUCATIONAL AIMS 3 ORIGIN AND HISTORY 3 ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION 4 LOCATION AND CAMPUS 5 CURRICULUM 6 INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT 6 PLAN OF STUDY 7 CRADUATION AND DEGREES GRANTED 8 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING AREAS 9 THE INSTITUTES 18 ADVISORY SYSTEM 19 LIBRARY 19 LABORATORY FACILITIES AND SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 20 THE FARM 21 ADMISSION TO THE STUDENT BODY 22 HEALTH 23 FEES 24 SCHOLARSHIPS 24 PAYMENT OF FEES 25 INFORMATION FOR NEW STUDENTS 26 FACULTY 27 CALENDAR 1952 . 1953 CALENDAR OF SEMESTERS Fall Semester Registration Classes begin Winter Vaeation Spring Semester Registration Classes begin Spring Vacation CALENDAR OF INSTITUTES The Crafts Pottery Seminar The Thcatre Ncw Scicnccs of l\ Ian Natuntl Scicnccs- Summcr Scssion of the Arts - -- 2 September 22 · January 31 September 22 September 23 December 13 · January 4 Febntary 2 · June 6 Febntary 2 February 3 March 28 · April 12 September 22 - November 15 October 15- 29 November 16 · December 13 January 5- 31 February 2 · Uarch 28 April 13 · June G July 1 • Au~ ust 26 EDUCATIONAL AIMS Black Mountain College is committed, by the provisions of its Certificate of Incorporation, to the following objectives: ( 1) To promote the general interests of education and, specifically, to establish and maintain, for students of both sexes, an educational institution of university, collegiate or other academic grade, or of any or all such grades, either in departments, separate schools or otherwise, where such students may receive instruction in those branches of learning which will aid in qualifying them for honorably and effectively discharging their obligations to society and their duties as citizens. ( 2) To confer, by action of its faculty and subject to the laws and regulations of the State of North Carolina, academic del! rees and certificates in course upon such students as have satisfactorily completed the work required therefore and honorary degrees upon such men and women as have attained distinction in any fields of useful service. ( 3) To establish an institution of learning which will not espouse the cause of any political party, race or creed. ORIGIN AND HISTORY Black Mountain Collcgc was founded in 1933, as a non. profit corporation, hy a group of teachers and students from Rollins College. For several years thereafter it leased and occupied the Blue Ridge Assembly Hall near Black Mountain, N. C. In 1941 it moved to its newly acquired property on nearby Lake Eden. The College has been from its beginning a liberal arts college, the curriculum covering that broad portion of the spectrum of educational activity which includes the various creative and performing arts, the social sciences and humanities, and the natural sciences. However, emphasis has frequently shifted within those activities according to the varied interests of changing faculty and student body. The size of the facultv has remained roughly the same throughout the history of the College. The ratio of students to facuItv has remained small, this beinl! a basic principle of the College. There has, however, been considerable fluctuation in that ratio during the years of the war and its aftermath. 3 ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION The sole membership of the Corporation of Black Mountain College consists of the whole body of the Faculty as provided by the Certifi · cate of Incorporation and as defined in the By. Laws. The Faculty, therefore, owns all College property and is responsible for the control of all College affairs. The governing body of the Corporation, except as to matters of educational policy and student discipline, is a Board of Fellows elected by the Faculty. The Board of Fellows makes appointments, after consultation with the Faculty, and handles all financial affairs. All matters pertaining to educational policy and of student discipline are rcposed in the Faculty. The Faculty, however, may establish, appoint and act through such committees as deal with its special functions. A Community Council, established by the Faculty and composed of representatives of the Faculty, the Student Body and the Community at large, is empowered to deal with specified matters relating to the welfare and harmonious functioning of the total community. Administrative Officers ( vacant), Rector FIola L. Shepard, Secretary of the Corporation Hazel · Frieda Larsen, Treasurer of the Corporation Doyle Jones, Farm Manager and Acting Business Manager of the Corporation Constance Olson, Registrar Nell A. Rice, Librarian Board of Fellows Wesley Huss, Chairman FIola L. Shepard, Secretary Hazel- Frieda Larsen Stefan Wolpe Doyle Jones Victor Sprague Dan Rice elected 1950 for 3 years elected 1950 for 3 years elected 1951 for 3 years elected 1952 for 3 years elected 1952 for 1 year elected 1952 for 1 year elected 1951 for 1 year Community Council for 1952- 53 to be elected Student Officers 1952- 53 Dan Rice, Moderator Other student officers to be elected Admissions Committee 1952 · 53 Constance Olson, Registrar Johanna J alowetz Joe Fiore Fielding Dawson John Grady 4 Student Fcc! Committee 1952- 53 Hazel- Frieda Larsen, Treasurer FIola Shepard Victor Sprague Doyle Jones Library Committee for 1? 52.53 to be elected Publicity Committee for 1952 · 53 to be elected ~ tafJ for 1952 · 53 Dietician to be appointed Malery Few, Cook Cornelia Williams, Cook Ben Sneed, · Maintenance LOCATION AND CAMPUS Black Mountain College is located in the Great Craggy Mountains of western North Carolina, at an altitude of 2,400 feet. The 600 acre campus, with its farm and a little lake, is just off U. S. Highway 70, five miles from the town of Black Mountain, and fifteen miles from the city of Asheville. The town of Black Mountain is on one of the main lines of the Southern Railway, and can be reached easily by motor car and bus. Direct railway service connects Black Mountain with New York and Chicago, and there is an airport just outside of Asheville. Although there is no public transportation available from the town of Black Mountain to the College, taxis can be hired and busses run a mile and a half from the campus. The physical plant of the College is that of a former summer resort. Since moving to its present location in 1941, the College has constructed six new buildings: the Studies Building, designed by A. Lawrence Kocher and built by students and faculty, contains classrooms, two faculty apartments and fifty individual studies for faculty and students a house for music faculty, designed by Kocher and built by students and faculty the Quiet House, a place for quiet thought, designed and built by a former student in memory of a child who died here the Music Cubicle, designed and built by. Paul Beidler with student help the Minimum House, a house for faculty, designed and built by four architecture students, under their self. imposed restriction thaUt not e~ ceed $ 1000 in cost 5 a Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, designed by two architecture students and now nearing completion and at the farm: a silo and milk house, and a farmhouse completely remodeled into two family units, all worked on by students and faculty. The dining hall lies at the southern end of the lake and looks up the mountain valley towards Mt. Mitchell. Here, students, faculty and their families have meals together, sharing voluntarily in the serving of food. The living quarters for students include two dormitory buildings with rooms for two, three and more persons. The climate at Black Mountain is moderate and healthful. There is opportunity for hiking in the mountains and swimming during the spring and summer. CURRICULUM INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT It is assumed at Black Mountain College that the total experience is the educational process. This experience is gained not only in formal courses but also in those activities · usually regarded as extracurricular, in independent creative effort, in the social inter- action of community living, and in the work incidental to maintaining the physical existence of the College. An attempt is made, therefore, to give due recognition to the educational value of all such activities. Particular stress is placed upon the educational importance of the creative act. Each student, whatever his epecial interests, is expected to produce. He may write or paint or compose mnsic or carry on scientific investigations or perform in some other area, and the results of such efforts weigh heavily when the student's educational progress is judged. The educational value of skills acquired and the sense of social responsibility developed by participating in the practical activities incidental to operating the College is recognized. Each student is expected to participate in some way in those activities and is supervised, directly or indirectly, by the Business . Managcr. Extent of participation varies; the student with a work scholarship puts in approximately thirty hours each week and each other student at least eight hours. The student's performance in this · area is evaluated as an integral factor in his general program. All formal courses are elective. A etudent choosee each semester, in consultation with his faculty advieer, what he wishes to study. However, he is encouraged to plan and carry through, during the first part of his college career, a diversified program. Ordinarily, a student enrolls in three to five classes, depending on the nature of the 6 classes and on the student's ability, interests and general situation. Periodically during the year the Faculty discusses and judges the student's progress in all his educational activities and seeks to aid him toward more fruitful effort. In order to avoid confusion in the student's mind between working for grades and becoming educated, no grades are given to students. However, for purpose of possible tranSfer, records of credit hours and term grades are kept. PLAN OF STUDY The curriculum of the College is designed to meet the needs of students, whether they attend with the aim of graduating or of obtaining special training. Students attending for special reasons have almost unlimited freedom to pursue their studies. Those wishing to graduate must satisfy the following requirements: First, there is a minimum residence requirement of one semester serving as an orientation period. This applies to all students who enter the College for the first time. During that period the student explores the various fields of knowledge offered in the curriculum and decides upon those areas in whic. h he wishes to concentrate while working toward graduation. Then, having made this decision, he informs the Faculty through his advisor, and asks to be given a qualifying examination to demon. strate that he is ready to undertake a program of study leading to graduation and a degree. This qualifying examination is both oral and written. The written part consists of two papers, for each of which there is allowed a maximum time of nine hours. The first of these is made up of a small group of questions of a general nature, all of which the candidate is expected to answer. These are designed to test his powers of observation and reflection, his ability to express himself, and to confront unexpected problems, more or less irrespective of his factual knowledge. The second paper consists of a comprehensive examination including questions on all major areas in the College curriculum. Here, also, the emphasis is placed upon the candidate's insight and his ability to organize his knowledge in such a way as to communicate it cogently. He is encouraged to write upon questions with which he feels familiar, but it is expected that some knowledge of the sciences, social sciences, literature and languages, and the arts will be displayed. The oral examination may cover the material treated in the written examination or in related fields; it may also explore fields upon which the candidate has not written. Its purpose is to test or confirm impressions received from the written material, and to discover the candidate's ability to express himself orally. It also tests the student's knowledge, immediate judgnlents, and ability to defend his own ideas in a situation comparable to those he will have to meet later in life. Having given satisfactory performance in the qualifying examination, the student prepares, in consultation. with his- advisor and other faculty members whose fields of knowledge he proposes to study, a 7 8 Plan of Study which he Ilubmits to the Faculty for approval. This Plan of Study indicates the general direction which his future study will follow and his proposed accomplishments at the time of his graduation. The Plan is regarded as flexible and subject to developments in line with the student's interests; it is, however, constantly subject to consideration by the Faculty in so far as changes are made. The student's work thereafter takes on a more specialized character and is guided mainly by the Plan he has himself drawn up, although he still has time free for courses not necessarily connected with his Plan. The time necessary for completing the Plan and graduating depends upon achievement rather than upon any residence requirements. In general, however, a student's college career approximates the usual four years. . GRADUATION AND DEGREES GRANTED Graduation is based on the student's total accomplishment, particularly upon the completion, to the satisfaction of the Faculty, of the work outlined in his Plan of Study, as shown by rigorous comprehensive examinations given by examiners from outside the College. For the student intending to continue his studies and knowing which graduate school he desires to enter, the College attempts to obtain an outside examiner from that school. Otherwise, the College obtains the best available examiner in the field of the student's major interest. The requirements for this final comprehensive examination vary somewhat according to the field of study, but in general they call for seven three · hour papers with oral examinations following. In most cases two of these papers deal with the student's subject extensively, one paper with related fields of knowledge, and three papers with subdivisions of the student's subject which particularly interest him. The seventh paper is concerned with some special problem connected with the Ilubject and may be presented in the form of a thesis. In the arts, performances and exhibitions may take the place of some of these papers. Upon completion of the above requirements to the satisfaction of the Faculty the student is graduated and awarded the degree of Bachelor. of Arts or of Bachelor of Science. Examinations for graduation in recent years have been given by the following outside examiners: Louis M. Hacker, Professor of Economics, Columbia University and Oxford; Richard Lippold, Head . of the Arts Section, Trenton Junior College and School of Industrial Arts; William J. Mitchell, Associate Professor of Music, Columbia University; Howard Thomas, Professor of Art, University of Georgia; Emil Artin, Professor of Mathematics, Princeton University; Edward Steichen, Head, Department of Photography, Museum of Modern Art; Paul Goodman, Writer; Alfred Brauer, Professor of Mathematics, University of North Carolina; Merce Cunningham and Katherine Litz, modern dancers, New York City. . COURSES OF INSTRUCTION AND OTHEn TRAINING AREAS Below is a partial list of the formal courses, tutorials and Practical Activities in which opportunity for training can be provided. Over a period of time the student can reasonably expect opportunity to pursue his education in a wide range of courses and activities in each of the five major areas. Students wanting particular courses at particular times should inquire whether and when such courses are available. Each year formal courses are offered in the four broad areas of the Arts and Crafts, Languages and Literature, Natural Sciences and Mathematics, and Social Sciences. Courses offered vary from year to year according to faculty in residence, student demands, and needs. The courses may be supplemented by tutorials and informal study groups which deal with material not included in the formal curriculum. 9 Franz Kline Mr. Kline will hold class sessions in painting and meet with students individually for painting criticism during his two- week visiting periods throughout the Fall Semester. Joe Fiore Painting directly out of doors; any medium; responding to the natural surroundings and making use of same. Very informal, THE ARTS AND CRAFTS Joe Fiore This course will deal with all aspects of painting a picture; it will emphasize synthesis rather than analysis. The class will meet as a group, but each student will be dealt with individually. Group discussions and critiques will occur, but will not be scheduled beforehand. Joe Fiore This course will deal amost exclusively with linear description of forms of all kinds: a stone, a plant, a hammer, a chair, a person, a hand, a room, a tree; the emphasis will be on accuracy of seeing and preciseness in recording that scein::. The (: ourse is planned mainly for beginners, but more advanced students will not be harmed by attending, and anyone who likes to draw is welcomed. PAINTING PAINTING DRAWING In a fifth area, that of Practical Activities, other training is given in the form of actual experience rather than in formal courses. Work in this area is recognized as im integral part of the educational program of the College, since practice is considered to he as valid a part of the educational process as theory. All students participate in the Practical Activities program throughout their attendance at the College. LANDSCAPE PAINTING 10 BOOKBINDING Johanna J alowetz Includes binding, rebinding and repair of books as well as making of hand decorated papers. COLOR Joe Fiore Specifically, working with pigments; thcir physical and chemical properties; value and intensity; transparency and opacity; the role of color in painting, in short,' discovering color. Hazel- Frieda Larsen Tutorial arrangement for advanced students who have demonstrated some ability in dcsign- seeing and thinking. Hazel- Frieda Larsen The course is concerned with a basic seeing and thinking in design. Seeing lectures, exercises in observation and the awareness of surrounding life, lettering, drawing, constructions. A concentrated study of some aspeets of design in the lives of the North American Indian and Mayan culturcs. Joe Fiore Two- dimensional composition in black and white with and without object model. Not a priori rules of balance and symmetry, hut exploration of one's own intuitive capacity for form and the organization of form. Joe Fiore This course is intended to supplement creative work in painting, and therefore is not restricted to only those students who are registered for a painting course, but is restricted to only those who are actively working in the field. Not an art history or art appreciation course. Two aspects will be dealt with: ( l) Group criticism and discussion of work brought in by students and instructor. ( original work) ( 2) Discussion of contemporary work through examples from books, magazines, etc. Also, an attempt to relate ( 1) and ( 2). DESIGNn DESIGN I ( or, LEARNING TO SEE) CERAMICS Karen Karnes and David Weinrib Design and production, including glazing and decorative processes. Gaining familiarity with clay as an aid to integrating material, tool, and method in the design of articles. Wheel throwing, production through use of a mold. Firing facilities are available for both earthenware and stoneware. PHOTOGRAPHY Hazel- Frieda Larsen Offered on a tutorial basis for advanced students and on an apprentice basis for beginners. The course is concerned with what is being photographed, why the photograph is being taken, the design of a photograph, photographic techniques, and darkroom procedures. COMPOSITION ( Drawing) SEMINAR ON MODES, METHODS AND TRENDS IN CONTEMPORARY PAINTING MOVIE Hazel- Frieda Larsen PHOTOGRAPHY Course will be worked out in relation to the need and the level of the student. HISTORY OF Hazel- Frieda Larsen PHOTOGRAPHY A course, supplemented by slides and exhibitions, mainly questioning why photographs have been taken during photography's history. Attitudes, uses, and acceptances will also be shown. PRINTING Carroll Williams Enables the student to carry out the art and craft of printing in the small job shop. Study of type faces, hand setting, lock- up, platen- press operation, and print design. Opportunity for creative work in layout and typography. WEAVING Instructor to be appointed The studies in textiles combine practical and theoretical work in handweaving. They deal with the elements of form in weaving and with different weaving techniques. They serve to develop a feeling for material. Studies in free composition of texture, color and the surface qualities of materials, on the one hand, and studies which emphasize the functional qualities of material, on the other, are to enable the student to use textiles as a medium for art as well as to prepare him for industrial designing. WOODWORKING Instructor to be appointed A course in the use and care of wood- working tools and machinery, qualities and potentialities of wood as material, various wood finishes, and the design and execution of projects chosen by each student. MUSIC SINGING Johanna Jalowetz Study of the voice. Technique, interpretation and literature. MUSICAL Stefan Wolpe COMPOSITION A. General Studies. Introduction to the formative elements of music. Analysis of methods of composition. Training of aural perception. Choral workshop. Instrumental workshop. B. Special Studies. Unified application of 20th Century theories in compositional terms ( concerning sound, movement, shape, space, construction). Studies in analysis. Writing for orchestra. 11 CROUP DYNAMICS Wesley Huss Seminar limited to a few mature students. An investigation of the relationships withi~ groups. THEATRE APPROACH TO ACTINC ADVANCED ACTINC PRODUCTION SPACE DESICN FOR THEATRE MOVEMENT FOR ACTORS PRETENSE FOR DANCERS TnE ACT OF WRITINC IN THE CONTEXT OF POST- MODERN MAN 12 THEATRE Wesley Huss An analysis of theatre and a search for its primary energies. Theatre history, i. e. factual information is dealt with, but with the concentration on the propelling forces in Theatre. Wesley Huss From improvisation to characterization. Wesley Huss From characterization to group work. Wesley lInss The various clcments of Theatre combined and related in actual production. Wesley lInss The lise of indoor or outdoor space and the function of lighting. Wesley Huss The muscular correlatives of impulse and control. Wesley Huss The gaining of dimension in dance throngh the nse of pretense. WRITING Charles Olson The effort is definitely non- literary. Neither is the reading in " literature," like they say, nor is the writing " composition." The amount of either is not at all the question. The idea is to enable the person to achieve the beginnin~ s of a disposition toward reality now, by which he or she can bring himself or herself to bear as value. Four writers- Melville, Dostoevsky, Rimbaud, and Lawrence- are four directions. But the person is his or her own material, and history hefore, after and outside GraecoRoman, Judeo- Christian history, is more the content than these " modern" masters. The proposition is the simplest: to release the person's energy word- wise, and thus begin the hammering of form out of content. The engagement of each class, therefore, is the scarch for a methodology by which each person in the clas&, by acts of writing and crhiglle on others' acts of 13 PROBLEMS. IN FIola L. Shepard LINGUISTICS For advanced students. SOCIAL SCIENCES AND THE HUMANITIES Hilda Morley A study of style and development in 19th century English prose, hoth fiction and .. non- fiction, beginning with the letters of the romantic poets, · dealing with the prose of the major Victorian . novelists. and critics · and concluding with an examination < if the style of Henry James. Hilda Morley A study of the " metaphysical" school in prose and poetry, concentrating on Donne's development and that of his followers in poetry and on the. prose of Thomas Browne, Robert Burton, Jeremy Taylor and Ponne himself. FIola 1. Shepard Syntax and composition; literature; cultural history. As arranged by teacher and student. FIola L. Shepard For a group of at least eight students who have had no experience or an unsatisfying experience in learning a · foreign language. Hilda Morley Introduction to a basic knowledge of Hehrew, with emphasis on modern forms in use today. Tutorials will be arranged for those who have already covered the ground of the Introduction, above. FIola L. Shepard The use of language; the problem of meaning; the development of · language, especially the English language. Elementary work iu phonetic semantic change and in comparative syntax; dialect and cultural horrowing. Exercises in straight thinking and clear writing, in collecting and organizing research materials, are used as needed. LANGUAGES · AND LITERATURE ENGLISH LITERATURE OF THE 19TH CENTURY HEBREW INTRODUCTION TO STUDY IN FRENCH OR GERMAN OR SPANISH INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE writing, may more and more find the kinetics ofcxperience disclosed- the kinetics of themselves · as persons as well as of the stuff they have to work on; and by. ASTUDY OF THE 17TH CENTURY " METAPHYSICALS" HISTORY OF THE FIola L. Shepard ENGLISH LANGUAGE A study of the · development of language in it!! relation to the political, social and cultural history of the nation. ADVANCED FRENCH, GERMAN OR SPANISH CASTE, CLASS AND FIola L. Shepard PREJUDICE IN THE An intensified study of sociological factors in the use of USE OF LANGUAGE language. NATURAL SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS BIOLOGY FOUNDATIONS OF Victor Sprague BIOLOGY ( 3 hrs. lect. and 4 hrl'l. lab.; 5 sem, hrs. credit) Emphasis will be placed on the vital processes in their basic manifestations as seen at the protistan level of physical organization, employing as ' the principal illustrative material various Protozoa, Algae, bacteria and viruses. lab. fee $ 7.50. SURVEY OF THE Victor Sprague INVERTEBRATES ( 6 hrs. combined lect. and lab.; 4 sem. hrs. credit) Morphology and physiology of typical species of various invertebrate phyla. Lab. fee $ 7.50. BIOLOGY OF THE Victor Sprague VERTEBRATES ( 10 hrs. combined lect. and lab.; 5 sem. hrs. credit) Laboratory work will be concerned mainly with anatomy of typical chordates. Lectures will emphasize also physiology and evolution. Lab. fee $ 7.50. VERTEBRATE Victor Sprague EMBRYOLOGY ( 10 hrs. combined lect. and lab.; 5 sem. hrs. credit) Descriptive development of typical vertebrates. Lab. fee $ 7.50. ELEMENTS OF Victor Sprague GENETICS ( 3 hrs. lect.; 3 sem. hrs. credit) Introduction to the principles of heredity and variation. FACTORS IN Victor Sprague DEVELOPMENT ( 3 hrs. lect.; 3 sem. hrs. credit) Cell growth and division, chromosome cycles, cleavage, cell lineage, morphogenesis, regeneration, the dialectic of evolution. . FIELD ZOOLOCT Victor Sprague ( 2 hrs. lect. and 4hrs. lab. and/ or field trips; 4 sem. hrs. credit) Field trips on campus and vicinity and one trip of several days duration to the coast for studying marine biology. The work will consist of observing organisms in their natural habitats, collecting, studying, identifying, preserving, cataloging.. Lab. fee $ 7.50. ANIMAL Victor Sprague PARASITOLOGY ( 2 hrs. lect. and 4 hra. lab.; 4 scm; Ius. credit) Emphasis placed on morphology, life cycle and host- 14 15 INTRODUCTORY Natasha Goldowski PHYSICS Elements of physics for students without mathematical background. Mechanics, Heat, Electricity, Optics aBd Acoustics. CHEMISTRY Natasha Goldowski Nature and Properties of matter. Atoms and Periodic Table. Chemical bonds. Oxidation- Reduction reaction. Study of main elements. Water - its structure and properties. Natasha Goldowski Specific properties of metals and plastics as structural materials - their physical characteristics and corrosion resistance. Effect of riveting and welding on heavy and light metals. Natasha Goldowski Elements of arganic chemistry. Aliphatic and Aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Sugars. Cellulose and derived fibres. Dyes. Alcaloids. - Vitamins. PHYSICS PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS AND METALS INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY BIOLOGICAL Victor Sprague PROBLEMS ( HI'S. and credits to be arranged) Independent investigations of approved research problems. Lab. fee $ 7.50. parasite relation of typi(' al animal parasites, ' especially the more important parasitcs of man. Lab. fee $ 7.50. MICROTECHNIQUE Victor Sprague ( 10 hI's. combined Iect. and lab.; 5 sem. hI's. credit) Standard methods for preparing biological materials, especially vertebrate tissues, for microscopic study. Lab. fee $ 7.50. INTRODUCTION TO Natasha Goldowski ATOMIC PHYSICS Discovery of the electron!!, atoms and periodic table. Xray and Radioactivity. Spectra. Structure of the Atom. Atomic collisions and Nuclear disintegrations. Cosmic days. ( for students without mathematical background) ADVANCED PHYSIC5 Natasha Goldowski Classical physics for students having had calculus. Mechanics. Heat. Electricity, Optics. Acoustics. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PHYSICS FOR HUMANITIES STUDENTS ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS TO PHYSICS GENERAL CROP FARMING TIMBER OPERATIONS PRODUCTION OF BEEF CATTLE DAmYING 16 Natasha Goldowski Lecture course intended to acquaint students with conccpts of science: Role of Precision. Concept of Energy. Concepts of Modern Physics. Language of science and dimensional analysis. MATHEMATICS Natasha Goldowski Algebra, trigonometry, analytical geometry, elements of calculus. Natasha Goldowski Course intended for a simultaneous study of mathematics and physics. Physics is taken on the intermediate level and the necessary mathematics is introduced according to the requirements of Physics. For example, the notion of force requires the knowledge of vectors so vector composition and resolution is introduced. Then the elements of trigonometry are presented, after which problems of equilibrium of forces can he considered. The study of motion requires clements of calculus which once acquired allows the study of accelerated motion, etc. OTHER TRAINING AREAS FARMING Doyle Jones Standard agricultural practices for improving the soil and producing for human and animal consumption various field crops such as legumes and grasses, small grains, corn and tobacco as well as fruits and vegetables. Doyle Jones Cutting and marketing pulp wood; cutting saw timber and sawing it into ~ umber for construction and repair of College buildings a~ d for eale; replanting; cIeilring land for cultivation. Doyle Jonee Care and feeding; culling; selecting breeding to improve the stock; sanitation and disease control; butchering. Doyle Jonee Care and feeding of dairy cattle; sanitation and disease control; milking; developing methods for increasing milk production; keeping production records; following standard sanitation practicee in operating the milking house. THE INSTITUTES Black Mountain College will supplement its regular courses of in · struction with a program of Qve eight- week institutes: THE CRAFTS September 22 - November 19, 1952 The two weeks from October 16 through October 29 will be devoted to a pottery seminar with Bernard Leach, potter and teacher from the Leach Pottery, St. IVell, England; Shoji Hamada, potter and teacher from Japan; and Dr. Soetsu Yanagi, Director of the National Folk Museum, Tokyo, Japan. Marguerite Wildenhain of Pond Farm, California, will act as hostess to the seminar. Also participating will be Karen Karnes and David Weinrib, the College resident ceramists. The other eix weeks of the Institute will be used for an examination of the position of the crafts in the contemporary scene. Lectures, symposia, discussions, demonstrations and exhibits will be held. THE THEATRE November 16 - December 13, 1952; January 5- 13, 1953 Each of the two sessions will develop a theatre " piece," a definitive statement in theatre terms interrelating the theatre elements: music, sound, voice, dance, movement, gesture, light, color and space. The use of each of these elements will be explained in symposia; work sessions, critique periods and lectures. Black Mountain College Faculty and visiting faculty will participate. THE NEW SCIENCES OF MAN February 2 • March 28, 1953 Four sciences will be central to the concentration: Archeology, Culture- Morphology, Psychology and Mythology. The presentation of the Institute is designed to demonstrate that these sciences, and the disciplines which modify them, are a unit. There will be lectures and discussions with Black Mountain College Faculty and visiting faculty partici~ ating. THE NATURAL SCIENCES April 13 · June 6, 1953 The theme of the Institute will be: Some Aspects of Form and Motion. This will include discussions of the basic concepts of matter and energy, geometric patterns in nature, form and motion on the chemical levels, form and motion on the biological levels and some quantitative aspects. Black Mountain College Faculty and students and visiting faculty will participate. The Institute will close with reports of faculty and student reeearch. THE SUMMER SESSION OF THE ARTS July 6 - August 24, 1953 The College has, for a number of years, conducted a summer session with emphasis on one or more of the arts. It is now offering, also, a strong program in the academic subjects. The session runs for eight weeks during July and August. A guest faculty of men and women outstanding in their fields is invited to augment the teachers already in residence. Recent guests have been: Buckminster Fuller, Meree Cunningham, John Cage, Carol Brice, Willem de Kooning, Richard Lippold, Ben Shahn, Rob- 18 ert Motherwell, Beaumont and Nancy Newhall, Aaron Siskind, Harry Callahan, Stefan Wolpe. Franz Kline, Jack Tworkov, Leo Amino, Edgar Taschdjian. The fee for the summer term, which is open to approximately seventy- five students, is $ 400. Application for a scholarship is made on the same basis as for other semesters. Details of the program for the summer session 1953 will be announced in February. ADVISORY SYSTEM Each student, upon entering the College, is assigned by the Registrar to a member of the regular Faculty who acts as that student's advisor. At any time thereafter the student may select a new advisor from among the Faculty by getting the consent of the person he wishes to select and making the necessary arrangements with the Registrar. Working together, the advisor and student assume the responsibility for seeking the best path for the maximum development of the student. In addition to his general function of being available to council the advisee on any and all matters, the advisor has the following specific responsibilities: to guide the student in preparing for the qualifying examinations and to advise him in deciding when he is prepared to take them; to see that necessary arrangements for taking the qualifying examinations are made; to advise the student in preparing his Plan of Study and in carrying out that Plan; to advise the student in deciding when he is ready to take the final examinations and to ask to be graduated; to see that all the necessary arrangements for the final examinations are made; to select the outside examiner and to obtain from the Faculty approval of that selection; to make all necessary arrangements with the outside examiner; to present to the Faculty for its action the student's request that he be graduated, reading at that time the report of the outside examiner and making his own recommendations. If, for any reason, the faculty member becomes unable to continue functioning in his advisory capacity, it is the joint responsibility of advisor and advisee to make other arrangements in consultation with the Registrar and all other persons who may be involved. LIBRARY The College library, housed in a one- story frame building overlooking the lake, contains about 12,000 volumes; cataloged according to the Library of Congress system. There are about another 5,000 volumes in faculty members' collections. The library subscribes to thirty newspapers and periodicals. A regular annual appropriation for the purchase of recent publications all8ures steady and coordinated growth. Direct purchases are almost all made to meet the specific needs of individual courses. 19 Aleo, the University of North Carolina and Duke · University hllve extended to the College the courtesy of their Inter- library Loan Service, through which books required for more specialized work are made available for limited periods. The library also provides an opportunity for a number of students, working under the direction of the librarian, to gain experience and knowledge in several kinds of practical · work. The library is always open, every volume is easily accessible, and the honor system of taking out and returning hooks is employed. A reading room is available for reserve books. LABORATORY FACILITIES AND SPECIAL EQUIPMENT BIOLOGY The building has a general office room, a large general laboratory room and four smaller rOOmS for individual research laboratories and for other special purposes. Equipment is adequate for most general courses in zoology and botany and for advanced studies in some special areas. The natural facilities probably compare favor · ably with the best of those of the inland schools of the country; the extensive forest of the 600 acre campus, the numerous mountain streams and the lake include a great variety of habitats in which numerous species of plants and animals can be studied and from which abundant material may be collected. BOOKBINDING There is a Ilmall shop provided with hand equipment adequate for instruction in the bookbinding craft. CERAMICS A beautifully designed · and completely equipped ceramics building was completed in 1950. It contains. two kilns, hand wheels and other necessary items. . -. . DANCE AND THEATHE These activities center in the large dining hall which is adaptable for picture. stage, arena, and free. space productions. It is a pleasantly proportioned hall containing musical and lighting equipment. Asheville and Black Mountain provide an audience for dance and theatre productions. FARM The farm buildings include dwelling house, large barn, two silos, tool shed, milking . house,. various smaller buildings, and tobacco ham under construction. Some major items. of equipment are two tractors with acce83ories, .. chain saw, · saw mill; milking machine and others. PHOTOGRAPHY The College has one darkroom with basic equipment necessary for developing and printing. This includes a Kodak miniature cold light enlarger, easel, printing frames, trays, and thermometer. Any 20 studcnt dcsiring more darkroom equipment Is expected to provide it himself. Another darkroom, equipped by the photography instructor, may be opcn to qualified students who prove themselves capable of taking care of precision equipment. Photography students are expected to bring their own cameras, and provide their own materials such as film, paper, and chemicals. The College owns a 5 x 7 view camera which may be used by qualified students. Although the College has a 16mm sound movie projector, students who wish to concentrate on movie photography are expected to bring their own movie camera. MUSIC The music department lIas a studio with piano, radio, and pllonograph, as well as a library of musical scores and 400 albums of phonograph records. The College owns six grand pianos and two upright pianos. There are additional music practice rooms, including the Music CuLicle. PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY A new building is under construction to replace the one which burned in 1948. Meanwhile, there is a small and modestly equipped laboratory room in the Studies Building. I'RINTI: VC The print shop contains two job presses with thirty type cases and complete accessories. Equipment is sufficient for printing most of the smaller puhlications of the College and serves, also, in publishing many indiviJual works of students and faculty. STUDIES Eat'll sludrDt 11", 1 faculty mcmlJer has a private room in the Studiea BuilJing which he uses for an office or stuJio. WF. AVI~ C There is a large weaving room in the Studies Building, completely equipped wiLh eight hand looms of various types and accessory items. Harriet - Engelhardt Memorial Collection of Textiles From a gift /?; iven by parents in memory of a former weaving student, Anni Albers, former weaving instructor, built up a fine collection of textiles. The collection is comprised of Mexican, Guatemalan, and Peruvian weavings with some additional pieces from Sardinia, Italy, the South Seas, and Africa. The collection is of such nature that it may be sent out on special loan to museums. THE FARM Approximately 200 acres of the College property are used for pasture and crop land. Roughly 300 more acres, under the same mana/?; ement as the farm, consists of economically productive forest land. The farm is excellently. equipped with modern buildings and is almost 21 completely mechanized. It has a fine herd of Hereford cattle for beef and Guernsey cattle from which grade A raw milk is produced. It is expanding, also, into swine and poultry production, including extensive vegetable gardening. The farm delivers most of its dairy products, meats, fruits and vegetables to the College kitchen and markets surplus items. The forest lands furnish timber for sale and lumber for use on the campus. The land, therefore, occupies a vital and central position as one of the largest and most stable portions of the economic foundation of the College. The farm employs a number of students, selected on the basis of merit and need, who are granted work scholarships covering a major portion of the cost of room, board and tuition. This arrangement not only makes it possible to keep the farm in operation but also enables worthy students to attend college and, at the same time, to gain first- hand experience with modern scientific methods by working under expert supervision in a modern agricultural laboratory. Many other students and faculty members often gain wholesome recreation and, at the same time, a feeling of worth- while achievement by helping voluntarily with special operations such as putting up hay and ensilage. ADMISSION TO THE STUDENT BODY Admission to the student body is determined by a committee composed of faculty members and students. It is the function of this committee to form an opinion of what sort of person an applicant is, of how adequate his previous training and experience has been and of what likelihood there seems to be that he will be benefited by attending the College and will, in turn, contribute to its life. There are no quotas or barriers of any kind. Black Mountain College is one of the few Southern colleges to admit Negroes. The College has adopted no fixed regulations concerning the age or scholarship background of applicants for admission, preferring to consider each case upon its individual merits. It assumes, however, that in most cases an applicant will be of normal college age, and will have satisfactorily completed a four- year course in an accredited secondary school. If an applicant has not graduated from secondary school, he must be able to show, by acceptable certificates or records of examinations, that he has had equivalent scholastic preparation. Candidates whose preparation is in any way dubious will be further investigated in whatever manner the Admissions Committee sees fit. No student will be admitted unless, in the judgment of the Committee, he has sufficient intelligence and has had sufficient previous training to be able to carry college work. Each applicant for admission must submit on forms provided by the College: 1. An Application for Admission to the College, which must be filled out in full, and which must be accompanied by a non- refundable application fee of five dollan. 22 2. A Health Certificate and an Oculist's Certificate, to be sent directly to the College by the examiners. 3. A Financial Agreement for the full fee, or an Application for a Scholarship Grant in the form of a reduced fee, signed by the person responsible for the applicant's fees. ( See Fees). The College will write directly to the references given on the Application for Admission, and for records of previous work. A personal interview with a representative of the College is required when this is at all possible. The Admissions Committee does not require but would be pleased to receive from the applicant an original piece of writing. A specimen or a description of work done in a field of special interest may also be submitted. It has been found desirable, under certain circumstances, for a prospective student to visit the College before applying for admission. The time preferable for doing this is during the semester preceding the one in which he wishes to matriculate. The Committee will not decide upon an applicant while he is visiting the College. No students will be accepted for a short trial period. Applicants, upon admission, are expected to comply with certain financial arrangements. ( See Payment of Fees) Students may enter at any time during the College year. However, the date at which a student desires to enter must be clearly indicated on his application blank, and he is admitted for entrance at that time only. If, after being notified of his admission, he finds it necessary to postpone his arrival for more than six weeks beyond the date appointed for entrance, his admission is automatically cancelled and his application must come before the Committee a second time. If such postponement defers the stud. ent's entrance until the following academic year, a new application is required, together with a second application fee. Students who withdraw from the College without obtaining a leave of absence from the Faculty must make regular application for re- admission if they wish to return. All correspondence pertaining to application for admission should be sent to the Registrar. HEALTH An Oculist's Certificate and a Health Certificate, which includes a serological test, is required of all students for admission. All entering students are urged to be immunized against smallpox, diphtheria, and typhoid fever. The College reserves the right to insist upon inoculations at any time should occasion for them arise; and to insist upon any health measures that its medical consultants may prescribe. An infirmary has · been provided in which people suffering from 23 minor ailments or injuries may be isolated and properly cared for. The College, at the present time, has no resident nurse, but requires that anyone needing the attention of a nurse shall have it, the money to meet the expense being advanced by the College if necessary. There are several physicians immediately available in Black Mountain, and the neighhoring city of Asheville is well supplied not only with modern hospital facilities but also with specialists in various fields of medicine. The College cannot provide special · diets. FEES The yearly fee, which covers room, board, and tuition for the regular academic year of two semesters, is $ 1600. The fee of $ 1600 is intended to cover all of a student's expenses except those that are <: if a personal nature, and the following items: Application fee $ 5.00 Contingency and breakage deposit $ 25.00 Linen fee ( per semester) $ 6.50 Examination for graduation $ 35.00 Fee for late payment of any bill $ 10.00 Transcript $ l. 00 each Laboratory fees as indicated in course descriptions. Veterans planning to attend under the provisions of the GI Bill and the new Koreau Bill should write for details. SCHOLARSHIPS SCHOLARSHIP GRANTS Ideally, and in so far as possible practically, admission to the student body is made to depend upon personal merit. The Admissions Committee decides upon · each applicant, in ' the first instance, quite independently of financial considerations. Those who can are required to pay the full fee of $ 1600. Students who want to come to the College but cannot afford this cost are encouraged to apply for a Scholarship Grant. In order to arrive at a fair figure, each applicant for a Scholarship Grant is required to make a detailed confidential statement of his family's financial resources on a blank furnished by the Co]] ege. This statement must be signed by the person responsible for payment of fees. On the basis of the scholarship rating received from the Admissions Committee and this statement, the Committee on Student Fees decides the amount of the grant, which may not exceed $ 600 for the year, and which is applied directly to the full fee of $ 1600. 24 If a scholarship is granted, a Financial Agreement embodying it is written for the first semester. If the student's record of progress in academic and community programs is maintained at or progresses to a high level, and the student is under the same financial need, the same Scholarship Grant may be made for the second semester. Notification of continuance of the grant is made three weeks before the end of the first semester. WORK SCHOLARSHIPS Desiring to make it p088ible for qualified students who have very little money to continue their college education, the Board of Fellows, during the past year, established twelve Work Scholarships. These scholarships cover approximately $ 1000 of the total fee for room, board, and tuition and require of the student thirty hours of work per week. They have been set up in the following areas: farm ( 5), cleaning ( 3), maintenance ( 2), and office ( 2). The applicant for a Work Scholarship is required to follow the same procedure as described under Scholarship Grants, adding to the statement of his family's financial resources a letter describing his work experience and listing references. Again, the basis for selection is the application and the scholarship rating received from the Admissions Committee. If the scholarship is granted, an agreement embodying it will be written for the first semester. If the student maintains his work assignments and academic studies at a high level, the same scholarship will be granted for the second semester. The exceptional student may apply for and receive both the Scholarship Grant and the Work Scholarship. DEREK BOVINGDON MEMORIAL FUND Loans for tuition can be made to a few students, already in residence, from the Derek Bovingdon Memorial Fund, set up in memory of a former student. PAYMENT OF FEES The applicaton fee must accompany application for admission to the College and is not returnable. Applicants who are accepted by the College should make the contingency deposit of $ 25 within ten days of notification of acceptance, since admission does not become effective until this deposit is received. It is not refundable if the new student fails to enter. While a student is in attendance it must be maintained at $ 25; but any unused portion of it is refunded the September after graduation or withdrawal. ( Applic~ ble to all fee and scholarship agreements including full fee, Scholarship Grants, Work Scholarship, and Derek Bovingdon Memorial Loan.) The College cannot guarantee that a place will be reserved for any student after August 1 for the Fall Semester, Or after December 31 for the Spring Semester, unless $ 200 has been deposited with the College by these dates. This deposit is not refundable except at Faculty discretion if the student withdraws after these dates, since a withdrawal from a reserved place at the last moment may create 25 a vacancy which otherwise would have been filled. When studcnts are admitted after these datcs the deposit must be made within ten days of notification of acceptance and before arrival. ( Applicable to those paying full fee and those on Scholarship Grants). Fees are payable as follows: August 1 $ 200.00 During the first week of the Fall Semester The balance January 3 $ 200.00 During the first week of the Spring Semester The balance For new students entering more than three weeks after either semester has begun special adjustments will be made. Bills are payable on the date of the bill and if not paid within ten days are subject to the fee for late payment. The $ 1.00 transcript fee must accompany the request for a transcript. INFORMATION FOR NEW STUDENTS Students are required to bring and have on hand upon arrival three sheets, two pillow cases and four towels. The same linen, if marked, will be returned to the student upon his departure. The Linen Fee ( see Fees) takes care of the laundering of these items and provides the student with two double blankets. Each student l! harel! a bedroom with at least one othcr student in the lodges which serve as dormitories. Beds and bureaus are provided by the College; curtains, bedspreads or rugs are to be supplied by the student. Students are responsible for the care of their own rooms. Each s~ udent has his own study in the Studies Building, which is equipped with shelves, a writing surface and a light. Any other decorative or functional units he must supply himself. Most students bring along additional furniture, curtains, rugs, lamps and the like, or buy them in Asheville. Most liltudents take advantage of the automatic washing machine, which is available for a slight charge, and do their own laundry. For others, there is a good commercial laundry and cleaner in Black Mountain. The College Store stocks many items, selling only enough above cost to take care of running expenses and maintenance. Clothing appropriate for walking in the mountainl! and for working outdoors should be provided. Blue jeans and work clothes are usually worn during the day; however, it is cUl! tomary to change for the evening meal. N9 pets may be brought. Students may keep automobiles but there are no garage facUities. Firearms, if brought, must be kept in the office. 26 FACULTY ROBERT CREELEY Writing To be teaching at Black Mountain College during the second semester, 1952 · 1953. JOE FlORE Art Studied at Black Mountain Colle~ e under Josef Albers; California School of Fine Artl5, San Francisco. One- man shows, Cleveland and San Francisco. Prize · winner in regional and national exhibitions, Cleveland and San Francisco. Exhibiting since 1945. Black Mountain College eince 1949. NATASHA GOLDOWSKI Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics University of Paris, D. Sc., Ph. D. Research Associate, University of Chicago, 1943- 1945; Illinois Institute of Technology, 1944 · 1946; Princeton Uni · versity, 1945- 1947; on leave of absence from Black Mountain College, 1951.1952, to write physics textbook. Black Mountain College since 1947. * LOU HARRISON Music Studied with Cooper, Cowell, Schoenberg, Thomson. Numerous awards. Taught at Mills College, Reed College, Greenwich Music School. . Works include: Symphony in G, Suite for Strings No. 1, Suite for Strings No. 2, Solsticp. ( Ballet), ' Fragment from Calmus' ( Song), Prelude, Sarabande, Alleluia ( for orchestra} , Trio for Keyboard, orchestra, chamber music, solos, songs, dances, incidental music to plays, percussion music. * Guggenheim Fellow, 1952- 1953, on leave from teaching duties but in residence at Black Mountain College while writing an opera. WESLEY HUSS Theatre and Acting City College of New York, D. E. E.; graduate work in psychology and sociology. Director, C. P. S., 1942.1946; American Friends Service Committee, 1946- 1950, actor at Hedgerow Theatre, 1946 · 1950. Black Mountain College since 1950. JOHANNA JALOWETZ Voice and Bookbinding Studied voice in Prague and Vienna. Studied bookbinding in Cologne and New York. Black Mountain College since 1939. 27 NELL A. IlICE Librarian · CONSTANCE OLSON Registrar JACK RICE Major Majotenance Repair DOYLE JONES Farming Farmed in this territory approximatey ten years. Flight Engineer Instructor, U. S. Air Force, 1942- 1946. Positions with the Essex Chair Company and the Morgan Manufacturing Company. Black Mountain College since 1951. HILDA MORLEY Literature and Hebrew University College, London, ( Eng.) 1939 B. A. Hon.; Wellesley, 1941, Graduate Scholar, M. A.; Ohio State University, University Fellow, 1942- 43; New York University, Penfield Fellow; Carleton Brown Memorial Award for Graduate Work in English, 1944. Member of English Departments, Washington Square College, N. Y. U., 1944- 45; Queens College, 1946- 47; University College, Rutgers University, 1947- 52. Translations, reviews, articles, The Jewish Frclntier, Com mentary. Black Mountain College since 1952. 28 · CHARLES OLSON Writing Wesleyan University, M. A.; graduate work at Harvard in American Civilization. Taught at Clark University; Harvard University; visiting instructor, Black Mountain College, 1948- 1949; summer session Black Mountain College, 1949. Associate Chief, Foreign Language Division, O. W. I., during World War II; Foreign Nationality Director of the Democratic National Committee. Works include: Call Me Ishmael ( Melville critique), 1947; y & x ( poems), 1949; The Praises ( poems), 1951; Appolonius of Tyana, 1951; 4 Letter for Melville, 1951; other recent writing in: Origin No. 1, 2 and 3; Poetry, New York No. 3; Montevallo Review No. 1 and 2; Fragments No. 1; Golden · Goose No. 3. Black Mountain College since summer 1951. · On leave of absence second semester, 1952 · 1953. HAZEL · FRIEDA LARSEN Art Milwaukee State Teachers College, B. S.; graduate work under Josef Albers, Black Mountain College, 1945- 1949. Exhibitor: Museum of Modern Art. Photo League, New York City. Black Mountain College since 1949. FLOLA 1.. SHEPAJlD Languages and Linguistics George Washington University, M. A.; Anna Ottendorfer Memorial Fellow in Germanic Studies, University of Vienna. Taught at Ohio State University, Bryn Mawr College, Morehead ( Ky.) State Teachers College, Olivet College. Black Mountain College since 1949. VICTOR SPRAGUE Biology Southern Illinois Teachers College, B. Ed.; graduate work, University of California; University of Illinois, M. S., Ph. D. Taught in Illinois Public Schools, at Marshall College, Louisiana State University, Young Harris College. Army during World War II; Chief, Parasitology Division, Project 9, Texas A and M Research Foundation. Publications on Gregarinida, Microsporidia, Haplosporidia, Myxosporidia. Black Mountain College since 1951. STEFAN WOLPE Music Graduate, State Musical Academy, Berlin. Studied with Anton Webern. Taught at Palestine Conservatory and conducted orchestra of Palestine Broadcasting Company; taught composition in Philadelphia and New York schools; musical director and teacher of advanced composition, Philadelphia Musical Academy, 1949 · 1952; studio- teacher of composition, Columbia University. Works include: songs, sonatas for oboe and for violin; works for the piano, including the Seven Pieces for Three Pianos which was given its premiere at Yale University in March, 1951; the ballet suite The Man from Midian which was performed by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra under Dimitri Mitropoulos; and the Sonata fOT Violin and Piano, recorded, which won Academy award. Black Mountain College since summer, 1952. In addition to the regular Faculty as listed above, Black Mountain College has the following instructors in special teaching positions for 1952 · 1953 or parts of the year: FRANZ KUNE Visiting instructor in Painting and Drawing KAREN KAJlNES Resident Ceramist Alfred University, B. F. A.; graduate work and assistant instructor, Alfred University. Worked at the Design- Technic Pottery, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania; winner in Syracuse show; studied in Italy for one year. Black Mountain College since summer, 1952. 29 CARBOLL WILLIAMS Student Apprentice in Printing 30 DA. VlD WElN1UB Reaident Ceramist Alfred University, B. F. A.; graduate work, Alfred University; studied in Italy for one year. Worked at the Design- Technic Pottery, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania; winner in Syracuse show. Black Mountain College since summer, 1952. BLACK MOUNTAIN COLLEGE. BULLETIN BLACK MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER. RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED Mrs. Hugo Heyns • ~ 1595 Edunburgh Street : N ew Orlean s 20, La"

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A multi-vehicle wreck Monday afternoon blocked traffic on Beal Parkway and Miracle Strip Parkway as officials worked to clear the scene.
FORT WALTON BEACH � A 61-year-old woman was charged with careless driving after crashing into four vehicles on Beal Parkway on Monday afternoon.
Margie Willett, 61, was driving south on Beal Parkway approaching U.S. Highway 98 about 12:30 p.m., according to the Florida Highway Patrol.
She failed to see the line of cars stopped in the right hand turn lane in front of her, the FHP reported.
Click here to view a photo gallery from the scene >>
She crashed into the back of a pick-up truck, which severed her wheel. She continued forward, crashing into another pick-up truck and a car before skidding into eastbound U.S. 98.
Her severed wheel crashed into another car that was in the line of traffic.
Two people in the last car she hit were taken to Fort Walton Beach Medical Center with minor injuries, according to the FHP.
Damages to the four cars were about $24,000.


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President and popes: A sea change in relations
Presidential meetings with popes can be politically tricky, and President Obama's first audience with Pope Francis on Thursday probably won't be an exception.
Obama will visit Vatican City as religious groups have sued his administration for requiring birth control coverage in health care plans. Conservative Catholics have criticized Obama for his support of abortion rights and gay marriage.
But as with previous presidents who met with popes, Obama sought the audience with Francis because of issues they agree on, in this case the new pope's call to fight poverty and reduce the gap between rich and poor.
Obama admires the pope's "commitment to address issues like income inequality, and his leadership of the church more broadly," said Ben Rhodes, deputy national security adviser for strategic communication.
The president and the pope may also discuss foreign policy, including the Middle East and the Russian annexation of Crimea in Ukraine.
The simple fact that the meeting is taking place shows how political and religious times have changed over the years.
Once upon a time in America, Catholic candidates had to convince voters they wouldn't take orders from the pope. Now presidents eagerly seek meetings with popes.
"The pope is also a world leader," said Thomas Reese, a senior analyst with the National Catholic Reporter. "I would call him a leader of the spiritual super power."
Obama, who met with Pope Benedict XVI in 2009, is the 11th consecutive president (and the 12th overall) to have an audience with a pope. Francis is the sixth pope to meet with a U.S. president.
Meetings with popes can help presidents with large swaths of Catholic voters, but presidents must negotiate difficult political terrain.
Though Obama will talk about income inequality and helping the poor, he is aware of the church's opposition to abortion rights, gay marriage and other social issues backed by Democrats — as well as criticism of his health care plan.
The politics of papal meetings can cut all sorts of ways.
Obama's Republican predecessor, George W. Bush, appreciated Pope John Paul II's opposition to abortion rights. But John Paul implicitly criticized Bush over the Iraq War, and the church's opposition to capital punishment runs contrary to many Republican views.
Since Dwight Eisenhower in 1959, U.S. presidents have sought papal audiences. Before that, the only president-pope meeting was in 1919, when Woodrow Wilson, who had been in Paris negotiating the treaty that ended the First World War, decided to visit Rome.
Wilson biographer John Milton Cooper said "there was some grumbling" about that first meeting, "but not all that much."
Anti-Catholic feeling was evident after Wilson's visit. Al Smith, the New York governor nominated for president by the Democrats in 1928, faced signs such as "A Vote for Al Smith is a Vote for the Pope."
Dwight Eisenhower became the second president to meet with a pope, an audience with John XXIII in 1959.
The next year, the United States elected its first – and only – Catholic president, John F. Kennedy. In 1963, four-and-a-half months before his assassination, Kennedy met with Pope Paul VI.
The pattern was set: All nine presidents after Ike and JFK have had papal audiences.
There are many reasons for the sea change. For one thing, the decline in anti-Catholicism among politicians in many ways paralleled the increase in numbers of Catholic constituents and voters.
Catholic attitudes also changed. The church and the nation became more ecumenical as millions of Catholics left their urban parishes and moved into the suburbs.
After World War II ended and the Cold War with the Soviet Union began, the U.S. government became friendlier with the Catholic hierarchy as the church became an outspoken opponent of communism, especially after the election of Pope John Paul II from Poland in 1978.
There's also a more prosaic explanation: Jet travel makes it easier for presidents and popes to travel overseas.
Gerald Fogarty, a professor of the history of Christianity at the University of Virginia, said these meetings have tended to be "more symbolic than anything substantive."
But symbolism can be important, given the pope's special status among world leaders.
"It makes the president appear to be independent of partisan politics," Fogarty said.


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The passages quoted below are from 22 U.S.C. section 2656f(d) and 18 U.S.C. section 2331(1). This author has made no changes or alterations to the original texts as posted on the two source websites.
For those of us playing the home game, these are the legal defintions of terrorism as written by the members of the United States government. It's a lot to read, isn't it? Spooky language. Spooky language!


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Fasching did his usual thing for the winning side, playing both sides of the special teams coin and using his frame to win board battles at even strength. The freshman winger didn't earn a point, but made an impact by getting to the edge of the crease and drawing attention from two North Dakota defenders as Sam Warning freely scored the first goal of the game at 10:51 of the third period. North Dakota would strike back 32 seconds later, creating an exciting pace the rest of the way.
Minnesota moves on to face Union for all the marbles Saturday evening at 7:30 ET (ESPN). Union earned their way in with a 5-4 win over Boston College.
Elsewhere, Nikita Zadorov (-2, 4 PIM) was unable to score as London was bested by Guelph 6-3. The home-ice loss puts the Knights in a 3-1 hole in the OHL Western Conference Semifinal. The Knights, who have played the series without veteran defenders Zach Bell (broken leg) and Sabres prospect Brady Austin (mono), will look to stave off elimination Friday when Game 5 goes down in Guelph.
In the WHL, Logan Nelson was held without a point as Victoria saw their season come to an end with a 5-1 loss to Portland. The Minnesota native recorded three goals and seven points in eight playoff games. If the Sabres intend to sign him, they'll need to lock him up prior to the June 1 deadline.


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Here's a ridiculous lacrosse fight you might not have seen yet. Somewhere in Canada, youth Lacrosse Team A was getting destroyed by Lacrosse Team B and decided to send the message that it would no longer take Team B's shit.
Eventually the benches cleared, random polo shirt clad people also got involved and possibly the referees, too, I'm not sure. The crowd was whipped into such a frenzy it's tough to keep it all straight. The goalie from the sore losers got involved and pancaked another player wearing much less padding. Another bitchcakes move (also from the same team) happens around the :30 second mark when one player takes off his helmet in anticipation of fighting another de-helmeted player and uses it to throw his first punch.
But, Team A "governor" (whatever, Canada) has a point, there's a right way to win. And it's not piling on against his squad of crybaby sore losers.
"It has been our practice to both win and lose with dignity," [Team A]'s team governor Bruce Clark told the Daily News. "Young men don't like to have lopsided wins or their noses rubbed in it. This is not an excuse. What happened was appalling and a black mark on our game."
All this madness unfolded in front of, like, six people.
Benches-clearing youth indoor lacrosse brawl leads to 15 suspensions [Yahoo]
Update: It's deja vu all over again. Keep moving.


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Leading Heating and Cooling Company in Delta Township MI
A Leader in Heating & Cooling Throughout Southeast Michigan
Tri-Delta Mechanical provides residential and light commercial heating and cooling services throughout Lansing and the surrounding area. Our team shares the passion for making your home feel comfortable by offering high quality services with upfront prices. Customer service and reliability is exactly what you deserve and we strive to providing that to each and every customer. We specialize in air conditioning repair, furnace repair, and more. We have experience working with all makes and models and have the ability to provide an expert solution tailored to your HVAC systems needs.
Once our expert technicians arrive to diagnose the problem of your HVAC system we will inform you with what needs to be fixed and give you an exact pricing on any repair needed in order for it to be restored back to normal. If you feel like our team is a good fit to complete the repair we will waive the diagnostic fee - guaranteed. Trust Tri-Delta Mechanical for your next heating and cooling repair.
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Our pricing is always upfront without any overtime fees. Learn why Tri-Delta Mechanical is the areas most-trusted HVAC contractor. We offer FREE estimates on new installations.


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Located just 25 miles from downtown Chicago in the northwest suburbs, the village of Arlington Heights has a lot to offer. With a population of nearly 77,000 residents, this area boasts its big city amenities, but with small town charm. For many years I have worked in Arlington Heights as a REALTOR and have seen the town go through a lot of changes. Because of its great schools and prime downtown location, Arlington Heights has been a favorite for home builders for the past decade. As a result, you can find a beautiful brand new home next to a charming hundred year old one. The downtown area along the northwest railroad line has been built up by developers over the years to resemble a piece of the city life. The high rise condo buildings allow residents to walk to everything they may desire. Hop on the train and ride into Chicago for an evening out on the town, or stay in Arlington Heights for your evening out on the town. From stores and theaters to pubs and restaurants, downtown Arlington Heights is envied and emulated by its neighboring communities.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this website comes in part from the Broker Reciprocity program of Midwest Real Estate Data LLC. Real Estate listings held by other brokerage firms are marked with the Broker Reciprocity logo or the Broker Reciprocity thumbnail logo (MRED Icon) and detailed information about them includes the names of the listing brokers. Some properties which appear for sale on this website may subsequently have sold and may no longer be available. The information being provided is for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. © 2018. http://www.mredllc.com/comms/resources/DMCA_Notice.pdf
Updated:26th June, 2019 5:55 PM.


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Indiana State Fair Stage Collapse Survivor Undergoes Successful Skull Surgery
A fan who was critically injured during a stage collapse at the Indiana State Fair in 2011 has undergone successful surgery to replace a portion of her skull that has been missing since the horrifying accident.
Andrea Voss Vellinga of Pendleton, Ind. suffered traumatic brain injury on August 13, 2011, when she went to see her favorite group, Sugarland. Vellinga had special passes to a VIP seating section called the Sugar Pit -- right next to the stage -- but high winds caused the temporary rigging to implode and fall into the audience. Seven people were killed and 58 others were injured. Vellinga was one of the most critically injured of the survivors, suffering multiple broken bones and skull trauma so severe that she had to be identified by her wedding ring and boots.
After three unsuccessful attempts at skull surgery, doctors were able to use skin expanders to stretch Vellinga's scalp. According to WISH TV in Indianapolis, the treatments took place every two weeks for four months. Doctors filled the expanders with saline, which Vellinga described as very painful, but worth it. Having her skin stretched allowed the doctors to complete the most recent surgery successfully, and Vellinga has been able to shed the helmet that she has had to wear for protection since her accident, though she says she sometimes grabs it out of habit.
Though Vellinga has made what some doctors have called a "miracle recovery," she still has a long way to go through extensive physical therapy. She has undergone seven major surgeries since receiving her injuries.
"I feel really good," she says. "People ask me how I am so strong; I get my strength from my mom. She has been so strong through all of this."


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Story highlights
- Howard Kurtz: NY Times' slash-and-burn review of restaurant fed appetite for meanness
- He says media, politicians take advantage of public's interest in nasty attacks
- Kurtz: Public figures from Donald Trump to members of Congress revel in nastiness
- He says media players such as Bill O'Reilly, Rush Limbaugh, Ed Schultz take part
About halfway through The New York Times review of TV chef Guy Fieri's Manhattan restaurant, I realized that the author was wielding a meat cleaver.
Maybe it was Pete Wells' description of the chicken tenders as containing a "shiny tissue of breading that exudes grease onto the plate." Or the "ghostly nubs of unblackened, unspiced white meat" in the Cajun Chicken Alfredo. Or the comparison of Fieri to the writer Calvin Trillin -- if Trillin "bleached his hair, drove a Camaro and drank Boozy Creamsicles."
It was at once delicious and stomach-churning -- a perfect reflection of our rip-their-lungs-out culture.
Let's face it: Media meanness sells. Why slice someone with a surgical precision when you can whack him upside the head with a 2-by-4?
We've all enjoyed the guilty pleasure of seeing some author, actor or filmmaker eviscerated for the sheer sport of it. Good reviews are fine, but what really stirs the water-cooler talk is when the critic draws blood.
But has this trend gone too far in an age when anyone can instantaneously diss anyone else with a single mouse click? Does it amount to pandering to our collective mean gene?
Some public figures revel in the insult wars. Donald Trump has called Rosie O'Donnell "a big fat pig," among other choice phrases, and she's said he keeps returning "like a raging herpes rash." It's a cheap way of getting attention. And the thing is, it works.
The most popular pundits on television tend to be pugilists who draw cheers from their partisans for punching out the other guy's lights. When Bill O'Reilly denounces pinheads and loons, his fans eat it up.
Rush Limbaugh caused a furor by calling Sandra Fluke a slut; he later apologized. Ed Schultz called Laura Ingraham a right-wing slut and did the same. Glenn Beck dubbed Barack Obama a racist and his ratings kept climbing. Nice guys don't necessarily finish first.
The virus long ago spread to the political realm.
Republican Congressman Joe Wilson yelled "you lie!" during President Barack Obama's September 2009 speech to Congress on health care and then used the incident for fundraising. Another congressman, Democrat Alan Grayson, said the Republican health plan was to hope that sick people "die quickly"; he lost the next election but just won his seat back. Yet another congressman, Allen West, called his Florida colleague Debbie Wasserman Schultz "vile" and "not a lady"; he lost his seat during a recount.
The media, without question, reward incendiary soundbites and intemperate language. That's what keeps the bookers calling, and the resulting visibility can prompt donors to keep writing checks.
Maybe Twitter has played a role in fostering succinct snarkiness. Everyone tries to break through the static and get retweeted.
The new nastiness is evident in scandal coverage as well.
While former CIA director David Petraeus has largely been portrayed as a flawed hero who made a tragic mistake, many in the media have cast Paula Broadwell as a harlot, using lust to achieve her ambition by bringing down a great man. Broadwell, a former senior Army captain, did some dumb things, such as sending harassing e-mails anonymously but doesn't it take two to tango?
The same goes for Jill Kelley, the Tampa socialite who engaged in voluminous e-mail correspondence with Gen. John Allen. Kelley, who volunteered for military causes, is being dismissed in media accounts as a ditzy social climber and worse.
Meanness wouldn't sell unless there was a market for it. Maybe watching others get sliced and diced makes us feel better about ourselves. Maybe it's just today's version of bread and circuses. And it's a game anyone can play. Ever peruse the comments section on major websites? Readers often start ripping each other as morons and dupes within minutes after a story is posted.
It would be nice if folks with access to the biggest megaphones didn't cater to the lowest common denominator. But that's not the world in which we live.
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Join us at Facebook/CNNOpinion


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- We Deliver Solutions!
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who we are.
meet the team
Simon Newing, MD
Simon was Focus' first employee, joining in 1996. After five years of web based adventures in other places, Simon rejoined Focus in 2004 and brought his BBC Micro (pictured) with him. Away from the PC, Simon spends most of his time hoping Watford will win a football match.
Neil Smith, Technical Director
Neil has spent many years knee deep in the development of large scale web applications - including a stint as IT Director for a divison of Kodak - helping launch an entire new range of web based services to the public and Kodak suppliers. Neil also plays guitar, piano, drums, bass guitar, the harmonica, keyboard and sings. And he's not bad on the Wii as well......
Annette Ryske, Senior Account Manager
With a passion for creative online solutions and a pragmatic and customer-focused approach, Annette works with our clients on benefit-driven websites and effective digital marketing campaigns. With a degree in Graphic Design and many years experience in design and marketing, there isn't much she can't handle! As long as there's plenty of tea... When she escapes from the studio, Annette loves gigs, travelling, shoes... and her cats Cheese and Sushi.
Steve Fenn, Web Developer
Despite being a QPR fan, Steve joined the team at Focus in the summer of 2011 after studying Web Design at the University of West England. As part of his course Steve was a Peer Assisted Learning Leader for first year students - improving study habits and helping them settle into university life. In the bar, no doubt.
Jordana Jeffrey, Designer
Jordana left her job in Abu Dhabi back in December 2011 and returned to Bristol to pursue a career related to her degree in graphic design. By joining us as our Designer, she's done just that. With family all over the UK, Jordana loves to jump on a plane to see her big sister (left). When she's not buying high heels (that she'll never wear), Jordana is often visiting friends in Buckinghamshire where she grew up.
Frances Smolinski, Account Executive
The newest member of the team, Frances has recently moved client side after several years as a Studio Manager and Production Manager. A Jack of all trades, Frances has a degree in Marine and Natural History Photography, an eye for detail, is a voracious reader and a lover of both green and dessert teas. She's hoping to make herself indispensable as the right-hand woman of Client Services.
Mike Newing, Director And Founder
Mike was one of the co-founders of Focus and still pops in occasionally to make sure we're all behaving ourselves. Mike spends most of his time these days in South Devon - either in his cottage or at one of the many boat yards in the area looking for that 'next purchase'.
Kirsty White, Office Manager
Kirsty has many talents: she invoices, files, prints, buys boxes of fruit teas (for the account management team) and Red Bull (for the techies), orders stationery and generally keeps us all organised and ship-shape. When not maintaining order Kirsty spends most Sundays watching sons Louis and Luke play rugby - usually in the rain.
Jenny Corfield, Business Development Manager
Jenny recently relocated from the muddy fields of Herefordshire to get in on the action at Focus. After working as a Key Account Manager for a manufacturing company for several years, Jenny was ready to change it up and dip her toe into the exciting world of web design. With a degree in Illustration, Jenny still likes to get creative; whether it's painting a mural or thinking up an inventive way to grab the attention of an illusive sales contact.
18th Century Mathematician Helps Us Check An Algorithm
The other day, I was discussing with one of the developers here at Focus how to approach a problem whereby we'd send off a message to a third party software…
contact info.
Bristol: 0117 949 8008


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Jan 2019 Newsletter
April 2019 Newsletter
To reach and prepare liberally educated, articulated, and skilled engineers for leadership positions in the chemical, biochemical, environmental, pulp and paper and other industries. A major role will be to serve as a critical resource to inform society about the process related to production and use of chemicals, drugs, fuels, materials and paper. A central objective is to develop new knowledge about engineering and scientific fundamentals that focus on energy efficient manufacturing as well as sustainability and environmental management.
650 E. High St.
Oxford, OH 45056


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Written by: Sarah Miller, Credit Union Student Choice
There are many ways to pay for college, and it can be confusing to sort out which option or combination of options is best for you and your family. Once you've completed your FAFSA and received your award letter from each college, you can start to decide how you'll pay for your education.
Check out this video from iGrad to get a brief overview, then read on to learn more about the pros and cons of each option.
Both of these types of financial aid equal FREE money for college. Scholarships can be given by your college, or by outside organizations such as community groups. You may have to apply for those separately, but free money for college is always worth it! Scholarships can be based on many factors, including your high school grades, extracurricular activities, athletics, or community involvement, to name a few.
Grants are need-based, meaning they are based on your income and ability to pay for college. Neither of these types of funding have to be paid back – hence the "free" description.
The next type of aid to consider is a federal student loan. Federal Direct loans are often the least expensive and most borrower-friendly, so they should be considered before applying for alternative funding. There are a few different types of Direct loans, so be sure to research carefully and compare your options. As always, filling out and submitting the FAFSA as soon as possible is the best way to increase your chances at receiving funding. More information about Federal Direct student loans can be found at https://studentaid.ed.gov/ and http://www.direct.ed.gov/student.html.
If you are in need of additional money for college after factoring in all of the scholarships, grants, and federal loans available to you, the next step is to look for a private student loan. These loans are secured through a financial institution like your credit union. It's important to compare loan details to make sure you're getting the best deal on your student loan. Some important things to look into include:
College is an expensive endeavor, but you shouldn't have to stress about how to pay your tuition bill. We have plenty of solutions to help, whether it's with a Student Choice loan or other products to help you on your way to a secure financial future.
A better deal from your local not-for-profit cooperative
More than 2,000 approved schools across the country
Answers to your most common questions
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