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RE: Population growth
How do you disagree with Ben Wattenberg's work on population grown?
Judge Posner writes:
The New Orleans flood may be the first disaster to which global warming has contributed; it is unlikely to be the last.
How is this the first disaster to which global warming has contributed? What clearly marks this inauguration? There have been three category 5 land-falling hurricanes in the last 36 years, which triples the number in the previous 118 years. Perhaps this might indicate that global warming has exacerbated the conditions necessary for generating hurricanes of this magnitude. Still, such reasoning would not warrant calling Katrrina or the consequent flooding as the first disaster due to global warming. Why not the tsunami? Why not hurricane Andrew?
Given this comment, and the general tone of his post, I fear Judge Posner might be slipping, albeit slowly, into the role of a reverse Dr. Pangloss.
I think that Posner hit onto part of what is essential to the "sustainable growth" movement when he pointed to the fact that as long as population grows faster than utility falls, total well-being is maximized. While this may make that a tenable (even desirable) outcome under an "economic" (utilitarian) analysis, the sustainable growth proponent would find it undesirable because she is concerned not only with production, but distribution over population and over time.
Central Banks and other authorities implement sustainable growth policies already. One example would be intervening to prevent the hot money cycles that caused such ruin in Asia and Argentina. Another would be raising the prime rate to slow borrowing/spending/inflation. Policies such as these, even when operating via market principles, are pointed towards slowing economic growth in order to prevent our economic engines from red-lining and overheating.
Sorry if this post is not a model post, but I think that is a product of the fact that even proponents of sustainable growth do not have a clear view of what that means or what policies ned to be crafted to serve it. Hopefully other posts will help flesh this out.
Posner writes: "The combination of increased longevity as a result of medical advances and healthier life styles, reduced infant mortality, and a continued high demand for large families in much of the world seems likely to overcome the "demographic transition," that is, the well-documented negative effect on birth rates of increases in average income to middle-class levels."
However, past experience tells a different story. Rather than increasing population, over the long run, a rising standard of living decreases population growth as it changes the preference for a large family and leads families to substitute "quality" for "quantity" in raising children. Posner notes this effect but he continues to worry that it will be dwarfed by the decline in death rates.
Sure, in the short-run, advances in medical technology might cause a mini population explosion. But I think Posner is underestimating the impact of the demographic transition. Preferences will change. Improved health and wealth means that children are no longer needed for agricultural labor or as a form of old-age insurance, and as women increasingly become educated, the supply of children/the demand for children will fall precipitously. Additionally, increased educational opportunities and increased modes of consumption raise the opportunity cost to having children.
In the U.S. birthrates declined from 30.1 per 1000 in 1910 to 14.7 per 1000 in 2000 (http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0005067.html). A birthrate of 14.7 has been consistant with virtually zero population growth. And the US in 1910 was not nearly as poor as the third world is today. As such, we can expect even larger declines. The long run equilibrium may, in fact, be declining rather than growing population.
I do think that the demographic explosions occuring in certain areas of the world pose a problem for stability over the next half century. But I strongly disagree that improved healthcare and wealth renders future growth unsustainable.
According to Patrick Michaels
we're just returning to hurricane cycles seen in the 40s-60s. See his color graphs at the above site.
Yes, life will change as population grows: the air will be hotter, humans will be more densely packed, etc. But adapting to increased population is the very nature of the modern human species. I don't think Posner presents a compelling case for why upcoming population growth should be, on average, harmful for us, while every previous growth (e.g. agricultural revolution, industrial revolution) has been a boon to both per-capita and total utility.
And I don't think the average "Third World" life is as miserable as Posner imagines it to be.
With regards to the population growth concern, I do not think Genius output as a result of increases in population is a zero-sum game(as canceled out by evil counterparts). While I agree that a 1 benign geniuses good is outweighed by 1 evil geniuses harm, there is nothing to indicate that they have similar rates of occurence in society.
In fact, sociopathic geniuses are extremely rare flukes in society. They are the unfortunate result of dual exceptionalities occuring at the same time in a single individual, a probablity at least (at least) 100x rarer then either of these components registering individually. Thus we might expect 100 Luke Skywalkers for every Darth Vader out there.
However, I must concede that the net positive effect of a benign genius isn't assured(some I'm sure some end up working behind the counter at blockbuster), while in contrast evil geniuses have practically certain net negative effects.(thats what makes them evil afterall!)
A further concession: A concern regarding humanities 'planetlocked' residency of a couple million square miles of land on earth.
One could imagine a critical mass of 'evil geniuses' paired with powerful technology in which the extinction of mankind was a probable outcome.
(X size of population)->(Y#evil geniuses)->(Blow up Z(acres of land)--->(Earth Goes Boom)
I see no better argument for tripling NASAs funding.
This all seems to be a variation argument on the "Law of Thermodynamic Entropy". For those not familiar with Thermo, essentially, "things run down" and inevitablly will, provided that there is nothing to jump start the system. As in all the socio-economic modeling that has gone on before is all based on these thermodynamic principles as the Economists would put it "Ceteris Paribus".
But there is another fundamental rule at play in human history and development and that is, "necessity is the mother of invention". Is the human mind and the ability to adapt to new situations a truly anti-entropic principle? If so, the future may be brighter than is imagined, although it may be radically different.
If geniuses play such an important role in your calculation, then the truly fateful years are soon coming with the genetic engineering of humans. Every parent will want the highest intelligence for their child relative to others. The percentage of geniuses will rise and the externality will be increased world volatility --- much faster than in the constant-percentage scenario you describe.
More generally, as prices fall and geniuses rise, the ability to influence the world will devolve from states to individuals. More and more people who have no accountability will have their fingers on the "red button," so to speak. Terrorism is maybe our first taste of this.
So I am pessimistic too.
No need to resort to future geniuses and assorted hopes and prayers.
World population has increased by about 1.6bn between 1980 and 2000, yet both the absolute and relative number of starving individuals have decreased over the same period. Most of Africa and large parts of Asia still farm their land with low-yielding technology and seeds. India's green revolution has proven beyond any doubt that very large populations can be fed and grow without necessarily clearing a proportional amount of additional land for farming.
I agree with you, but I think that the ability to feed people is a very low baseline for a measure of quality of life. Posner pointed to the effects that population growth (worldwide) will have on the consumption of goods and the associated output of pollution. A whole new class of consumer is rising in China and they are going to be concerned with a lot more than having enough food. This, coupled with increase in life expectancy, is the problem.
This is one of the points of critique that I think "sustainable growth" proponents bring to bear on growth-driven capitalism--ever more "efficient" allocation of resources leads to more efficient and widespread consumption. I think they are suggesting that policies must be implemented to slow this down, and to not value efficeint production and growth over all else. Is "sustainable" the oppostie of "growth?" I am not sure, but they seem to be at odds at lest in part.
Posner raises a few points that Becker seems to elide over in his optimism. First, with increased population growth, we as humans will be producing more carbon dioxide emissions contributing to at least ozone layer depletion (I'd rather not get into when and how the greenhouse effect is affecting us). Furthermore, we could end up with lower levels of utility as medical costs take up the bulk of our income. These 2 points underscore what I think is fundamentally important about the impact of negative externalities to the future of development. First, we will run out of air before we ever run out of oil. There is still no effective mechanism for for regulating the pollution of the environment. The Kyoto Protocol for example only treats carbon dioxide emissions but not methane gas, which Europe is so fond of using (not to mention the U.S. and China haven't signed Kyoto anyway). Still worse, the very real problem of medical costs looms over us more than any problem that social security could cause. With increased technology in medicine, people will live longer, but that also means it will cost more to live longer. I see this leading to a greater problem of redistribution since more than anything this type of care will most likely be available to the rich first. Both on negative externalities and higher life expectancy lead to serious problems to "sustainable growth" since many people may not be able to gain the same benefits as groups from before.
There is always a problem with over-population, we all agree on that. If everyone starts reproducing like mad then the most rational solution is to go to war. People adapt by becoming cruel, they love their own lives and so they say, 'most people don't deserve to live at all.'(hey, we're not that pessimistic) Currently, in a country like America where children are stigmatized because you need to make at least $100,000 to really 'mildly adequately' support two bright children, then the poor shouldn't give birth at all.
What's terrible about the 'no children' slogan is that most people stop caring if they're not investing. If they have no children to take pride in, why would it not be rational to rob a store? Why would it matter if they're lonely, if they're depressed. When something disturbs the balance then social forces create a new way to affirm order. When elites talk down on the people and complain about overpopulation then sterilize the 'inferior stock' the inferior stock has absolutely no reason at all to conform. No reason at all to follow orders, the elite are not aristocrats, they are not created aristocrats, they have to earn it day by day.
If they fail in that, there is always the possibility of replacement. Its an obligation.
Besides, when people love their children they stop depriving their children by having too many children to care for. People are becoming more sensitive.(when they stop being overly-pessimistic, a la Malthus)
"Posner raises a few points that Becker seems to elide over in his optimism. First, with increased population growth, we as humans will be producing more carbon dioxide emissions contributing to at least ozone layer depletion (I'd rather not get into when and how the greenhouse effect is affecting us)."
CO2 does not deplete the ozone layer (CFCs do), and ozone depletion is unrelated to global warming to my knowledge.
" First, we will run out of air before we ever run out of oil."
"There is still no effective mechanism for for regulating the pollution of the environment."
How do you explain the reduction in air and water pollution since the 1970s, then?
What's with the unguarded optimism about nuclear? The reduction in CO2 emissions is wonderful, but there are some hard long-term questions -- even without assuming any evil geniuses at all.
Of course, Posner's post is entirely speculative. The alarmist fear of overpopulation has been raised in the past and has never proven to be grounded in fact. World overpopulation is not really a problem; the earth can sustain far more humans than currently inhabit it. However, overpopulation in certain areas, particularly poor, underdeveloped countries, can depress the standard of living for all. In areas where overpopulation is a problem, governments would be well advised to promote family planning and encourage the use of birth control. Unfortunately, some governments are too blinded by religious taboos to encourage the use of birth control.
I do not by any means think that China's one-child policy represents a model program. But it is an example of how family planning, encouraged by the state, can help a poor country become richer.
Posner raises good points about greenhouse gas emissions and energy sources (that is, the price of oil). Obviously, the world has to move beyond oil, and our gov't should take the lead in promoting conservation and developing new ways to produce energy. Unfortunately, we seem to be ruled by the oil execs. Little changes can make a big difference in the short term, such as hybrid cars and energy-efficient homes with networked solar panels. Bigger advances, such as fusion, are down the road. Humans are an adaptive species, and we will adapt to the lack of oil. But it will be a smoother transition if we develop the new technologies before the oil shortage becomes a crisis.
Likewise, with global warming, we need innovative ideas to reduce emissions. The U.S. was stupid to spurn Kyoto; even if it wasn't the best treaty, it was a good start. We have now lost several years in the battle, which will have to be regained. Once again, short-sighted gov't run by vested interests is the problem. We need to be forward looking on this.
The U.S. was stupid to spurn Kyoto; even if it wasn't the best treaty, it was a good start. We have now lost several years in the battle, which will have to be regained.
Precisely the opposite conclusion holds if you recognize that a) agreements that do more for the environment will be delayed for as long as Kyoto is in force, and b) Kyoto, with its reliance on bright line targets and large international transfers, is unlikely to do much if anything for the environment in view of real world political constraints. The biggest net polluters are unlikely to sign up to, or remain with such a system.
I believe the US, if by accident, did the environment a favor by pulling out of Kyoto. The sooner that Kyoto dies the sooner effective environmental policy can begin.
This all seems rather reminescent of a basic rule of Wildlife Management. Which states, that in any ecosystem there is a maximum "carrying capacity" that a system can maintain over time before a population crash occurs. And so, in order to maintain that maximum level, some form of population controls need to be put into effect. A form of "wildlife management" if you will.
Nature accomplishes this through epidemics, famines, war, pogroms and the like. It's only a matter of time before nature imposes its control mechanisms. Unless of course, we can outsmart it. We've seem to have been able to do it so far. Only time will tell.
First off, I need to commend asaa for that brilliant comment.
If one assumes that income is a good measure of intelligence (I guess Becker would be able to address that issue better than any of us here, and probably better than anyone in the world), and people have less children as income rises, and we also assume that intelligence is largely genetic, then is there the possibility that if we get to a point where geniuses are only having 1 or 2 children per couple, that there will be a steady state of geniuses, while people of non-genius intellect primarily fuel the population growth, and thus we do not have a commensurate larger number of geniuses as the population rises?
Beyond that, I really don't know what to think about population growth. In the past population growth has not gotten in the way of improving qualities of life, as humans do adapt since markets create incentives for people to develop methods that allow more people to live off of the same planet. However, I think that people like Wattenberg are incorrect in worrying that population decline over time is bad for the world for the same reasons: as the population ages, humans will develop means to make those able to work more productive so that they can feed themselves, their parents, and their grandparents with the shrinking total amount of labor.
I am shocked by Posner's views on global warming. This position is completely out of step with the analysis I have come to expect from him. The science behind global warming is disputed, and the nature of global warming and its effects are the subject of ongoing scientific investigation. While it may be reasonable to hedge our bets ahead of time in case the science ultimately demonstrates a genuine threat from human-driven climate change, Posner's comment implies that he has already concluded that global warming is a definite threat which he takes "very seriously".
Furthermore, his comment that "The New Orleans flood may be the first disaster to which global warming has contributed; it is unlikely to be the last." establishes Posner's conviction that not only does global warming exist and not only does global warming pose a threat (both controversial propositions for those who follow the science), but in addition Hurricane Katrina was caused by or worsened by global warming. This is speculation stated as if it were fact. Good judgment means a person must realize the limits of what he knows and refrain from giving speculation and assumptions equal standing with solid science. While the good money in the scientific community might be on global warming, the collective speculation of the scientific community has been wrong on countless occasions in the past.
Population concerns are likewise misplaced. I expect such comments from the likes of Malthus and Ehrlich, but never Posner. Wealth is the ultimate in birth control. Without fail, fertility in wealthy countries declines as economic opportunities compete with child bearing and rearing. There is no reason to believe that things will be any different in what are currently 3rd world countries if and when they attain sufficient wealth.
The genius argument is a canard. While geniuses certainly might contribute far more than the average person to the betterment of mankind, they are so rare that their overall impact is not particularly significant. Human development would progress at roughly the same pace without any geniuses at all.
One concern I share with Posner is his view on the elderly. The non-productive population in the US is going to grow substantially. Pressure to increase welfare spending to at the very least maintain current levels of benefits might result in a larger welfare state that faces economic difficulties not unlike those faced by some European nations today. Problems like these have ways of working themselves out. The elderly, although powerful now, will still be in the minority. Once the much more numerous voting productive majority is faced with substantial impairments to their quality of life to support the poor individuals among the elderly, at some point the majority will vote to protect itself and curtail the welfare state. Wealthy retirees will benefit from more and more medical advances while poor elderly individuals will ultimately live better than they do now, but nowhere near as well as the wealthy. Politically, liberals will try to counteract this and conservatives will battle them. This battle has endured for much of this nation's history and here we are. I don't doubt this nation will ultimately resolve the problem when the time comes, as it has resolved other seemingly insurmountable problems in the past.
As the old saw goes, "figgers don't lie, but liars sure can figger!" ;) Perhaps we ought to look up the statistical tables at NOAA on number and strength of hurricanes by decade. I think the greatest decade was from 1940 to 1950. This decade isn't even a close runnerup. So much for global warming as a primary cause, that is, if you believe in statistics.
I have admired Posner's thoughts expressed on this blog for a while now but I have to say that I think he has finally dropped the ball in this week's comment. Even the most rational individuals have their blind spots (for Richard Dawkins it is George W. Bush) and perhaps for Posner it is environmentalism and sustainability.
I think Posner's comment has two major weaknesses. He writes, "[t]he higher the price of coal, oil, and natural gas, the better, as far I am concerned." Later, using unusually emotive language, he speaks of an "ominous reduction in biodiversity". These, I think, imply a concern with environmental welfare to the exclusion of human welfare (where human welfare is defined to include environmental factors as one, but only one, of many drivers of human happiness). Posner's statement implies a focus on environmental welfare because higher energy prices without limit is almost certainly not in the interests of human welfare, unless of course the only thing we care about is the environment (which is not true). Perhaps Posner did not mean to go quite so far in his comment. But if he really believes in saving the environment even at the expense of human welfare then he has essentially deified nature and his comments should be seen as being made from a religious perspective not a reasoned one.
A second weakness in Posner's comment arises from his concern for population growth. Posner speculates on the sorts of ways additional population growth could impose costs which outweigh benefits from advances in technology. The problem with fearing population growth is that an awful lot of it has occurred in the last 100 years, which has produced all of the things that Posner worries about (including a larger retired population) yet here we are with higher average living standards than ever. We are left to speculate why the next 100 years of growth will produce such contrasting outcomes in Posner's view, yet this is crucial to understanding his pessimism and seems an obvious oversight.
Perhaps Posner will clarify his views in his response.
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The food trucks were a big hit with staff! Food was delicious. Jerry's Kitchen is awesome. Scott is fantastic, and I truly appreciate him accommodating us on short notice. Thank you! Karen Gaffney
I couldn't have been more pleased with Jerry's Kitchen. The food truck showed up on time, it looked great, and best of all the food was really amazing. Anyone who knows me will tell you I'm very hard to please when it comes to food, and I'm very open and honest with my thoughts on the taste of what I'm eating even if it's my wife or mom cooking it. This food was really great, couldn't have been happier. Thanks again for helping make my party what it was, we'll definitely be using you again!
We had an amazing experience with Jerry's kitchen for our 60+ guest Super Bowl party. They arrived on time, pulled right up to my side door & we're ready to serve when my guests arrived! Everyone loved the food & they had great options for the kids too! Having them handle the main course for the party ( I just had some dips and picky foods inside ) allowed for simple planning & set up & a lot less to clean up! I was actually able to enjoy my party - Can't wait to have them again!
We have used Jerry's a couple of times and each time it has been amazing!! They are always on time and the food is delicious.
We used Jerry's to handle crew catering for a video crew of 40ppl for breakfast and lunch at an Army Navy tailgate event for Tailgate for the Troops, Nine Line apparel and Barstool Sports. Food was amazing, staff Uber friendly and everyone was stoked to have them on site feeding us. We Will def use them again when we are back in Philly.......
Everything was great!
Jerry's kitchen came through again for the second annual Saturday after Thanksgiving party - on time (way early in fact) - in the rain - ready to go. Variety and quality of food is great - everyone loved the food truck again - and clean up is so easy. Thanks again - see you next year!!
We did a client appreciation lunch with Jerry's Kitchen food truck. From the initial contact to the finished product, everything was perfect and we impressed our client! Staff, food and experience was A++++++ HIGHLY Recommended!
Amazing Job, I can not recommend them enough!
The Jerry's Kitchen team maintained great communication leading up to the event and came through the day of our opening. Everybody loved the cold trays with hoagies and sandwiches and also enjoyed the hot items that were being served out of the food truck. Several people made comments about how great the food was and when our event was over, their team came in and helped clean up. If you are planning an event and need catering definitely consider Jerry's Kitchen.
Jerry's Kitchen provided food for a corporate recruiting event. They arrived on time and the food was delicious. Scott was easy to communicate with when setting up and responded quick and accommodated all of our needs. Thank you so much for everything!
The food was delicious! They were professional and wonderful to deal with. I would definitely recommend Jerry's Kitchen.
Great experience from quote to day of event. Crispy Chicken and the Pulled Pork Sandwhiches were a fave - along with the french fries. Awesome way to throw a party!
I worked with Scott from Jerry's Kitchen to customize an Oktoberfest menu for our party. Scott was so accommodating and made the menu very special. On the day of the event, Rob and his crew fed everyone quickly and orderly. And the food was amazing. I received so many compliments. The portions were huge and people were excited to tell me what they tried and how much they liked it. The whole process couldn't have run any smoother.
Jerry's Kitchen was one of my favorite parts of our wedding! I loved that I loved my food! The portions were HUGE and so good! All of our guests absolutely loved the food truck. They made the food fresh and in a decent time keeping the lines manageable. My only regret is that I didn't have room for seconds!
We had Jerry's food truck for our wedding, and we were very happy with our experience. The communication was excellent during the scheduling/ordering process and our guests were very pleased with the food. I would definitely recommend them for any event.
Food was excellent Servers were very helpful, worked hard, cleaned up well and were extremely flexible with our schedule changes The whole process of scheduling, menu choices and payment were simple and not overly complicated. Thanks for awesome wedding food, service and reliability.
Having Jerry's Kitchen cater our wedding was definitely one of the highlights of the night! Everyone keeps telling us how fun it was that we had a food truck, as well as just how tasty the food was. I'm not sure how it's possible - but it tasted even better the night of our wedding than it did during our tasting! During our honeymoon, my husband and I kept talking about how much we loved it. Scott is the best, and we'd definitely use Jerry's Kitchen again.
Great experience catering our University club event. The team is very responsive and easy to work with. Thanks!
We hired Jerry's Kitchen for our company picnic. The event was AMAZING thanks to Jerry's Kitchen. Food A+++, Service A+++, honestly, nothing bad to say about our experience from the first contact till they left the event. I would absolutely recommend them and will probably use them again for future events.
Scott, the owner is very friendly and helpful. The food was good for our work event that we had. They were on time and ready to go when it was time to start our lunch shifts.
Jerry's Kitchen provided lunch for our employee appreciation / back to school luncheon. The staff were great! They were pleasant and very accommodating for staff with special dietary needs. The food was good. The whole experience - from planning to execution - went smoothly. Scott was a pleasure to work with! I would highly recommend Jerry's Kitchen!
I highly recommend Jerry's Kitchen!! Their customer service and food quality are amazing! I rented a food truck for my backyard wedding and it was a total hit. Scott followed up with me multiple times before the big day to make sure I was comfortable and taken care of. Charlie was our food truck chef and he is absolutely amazing. He is laid back, calm and professional. His food is incredible (rave reviews from all guests) and he is a joy to work with (as was Scott). Can't thank you enough!
Great food for our wedding after party!
We hired Jerry's Kitchen for my sister's bridal shower last weekend. The truck was amazing. The staff was great. They came early and were very courteous. All the food was delicious. I would definitely hire them again and reccomend them to anyone! Thanks again!!
Great food, great staff.
We had Jerry's Kitchen food truck cater our daughters first birthday party and they were amazing. Scott was always quick to respond to my emails leading up to the party which helped make the planning very smooth. The food truck showed up early to set up and began serving guests right on time. The day went perfectly and I was free to enjoy myself. The food was great, our guests were full and happy, and the Jerry's kitchen staff were very accommodating to all of my guests needs. Thank you so much!
Great communication and loved the food!
This past weekend we had Jerry's Food Truck cater our first annual company picnic. Needless to say, it was GREAT! Scott was awesome to work with and was very accommodating with the limited time we had to plan it. We opted for Cheesesteaks, Veggie Quesadillas, and Chicken Sandwiches. Everything was done to perfection! We will definitely be using them again.
Everybody was very nice and the food was awesome.
I had Jerry's Kitchen at my daughters first b-day party. It was a huge success!!! The food was good and my guests loved it. The truck was clean and well kept. I have received so may calls commenting on how cool and different the food truck was - I had over 100 guests and everyone was served within the 2 hour time frame that the truck was at my house. Cleaning up after party was over was no problem at all. No mess in the kitchen!!! I would definitely recommend Jerry's kitchen for any party!!!!
delicious food. get the watermelon salad! great experience. would definitely use again!
Everyone was so helpful and caring of our roommates with Down syndrome!!! Thanks for everything!
Staff was on time and great to work with! Food was great and fresh, especially the few added salads. Thanks for a great evening!
Service was great food was fantastic!!!!! The staff said everything tasted so good, the portions were enormous and tasty. They arrived an hour early to set up and were ready to serve early. Thank you for an amazing event with amazing food.
Everything was great!
It was a fantastic experience! Even the pouring rain didn't discourage the party! Food was delicious and made the party so easy for us!
This was our second time using Jerry's Kitchen, the first for my wife's 30th birthday and this time for our son's 1st birthday. Jerry's has only gotten better from our first experience! The food is fantastic, the menu is huge there is certainly something for everyone and the staff is absolutely the best. Professional and personable from start to finish, Jerry's is the best food truck around!
Jerry's Kitchen catered meals for our summer camp. The staff was wonderful to work with and the food was delicious! I highly recommend hiring Jerry's Kitchen!
We had a Jerry's Kitchen food truck cater a company lunch for about 120 staff members. Wonderful experience from the beginning! The manager was very easy to work with on scheduling and menu. The serving team was friendly, professional, and efficient (it took about 5 minutes to order and receive your food). And the food itself was, in the words of our staff, "amazing, AWESOME, DELISH". Thank you Scott and Jerry's Kitchen for helping to make this a fantastic event!
Excellent experience! Great food and very nice people to deal with. On time and so great to not have to worry about clean up! Would recommend Jerry's Kitchen!!
Wonderful experience. Truck showed up to open up just as we needed it too, we had a lot of cancellations so people took food home for dinner or lunch and staff was very accommodating. Everyone raved about the food- massive portions. Will definitely use again!
Very good...People loved the food, especially the chicken sandwich! Thank you for a fabulous second year at the BIA picnic!
We ordered the tacos (Carnitas, Smoked Chicken and Roasted Cauliflower) with Chips/Salsa and Fried Plantains as sides. Quality food. Quick service. And they were able to accomodate 15 extra people on spot which was nice.
Such a great experience with Jerry's Kitchen!! Food was awesome and service was amazing!! We loved everything!!


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Para: Crossing Guard (3 of 3)
Job Description
The mission of Academy District 20 is to educate every student in a safe and nurturing environment and to provide comprehensive, challenging curricular and extracurricular opportunities that meet the unique needs of every individual by expanding interests, enhancing abilities, and equipping every student with the knowledge, skills, and character essential to being a responsible citizen of our community, our nation, and the world.
The following statements are illustrative of the essential functions of the job and other key duties that may be required. The description may not include all functions performed by the incumbents in various locations. The district reserves the right to modify or change the duties or the essential functions of this job at any time.
- Reports consistently for work as scheduled
- Performs other duties as assigned
- Attains proficient or higher evaluations on established Performance Standards
Crossing Guard
- High school diploma/GED equivalent
- Flexible
- Safety conscious
- Team Player
- Willing to work in all kinds of weather
Hours per Day:
Number of Days per Week:
Days of the Week:
Number of Days per Year:
Work Environment:
The work environment characteristics described here are representative of those a staff member typically encounters while performing the essential functions of this job. They are included for informational purposes and are not all-inclusive.
- The noise level in the work environment may alternate among quiet, moderate, and loud.
- The incumbent is frequently required to interact in person and through communication methods with the students, public, and/or other staff.
- The incumbent is required to work scheduled school/work hours and/or days.
- The incumbent may be required to work extended school/work hours and/or days as directed.
The following are some of the physical demands commonly associated with this position. They are included for informational purposes and are not all-inclusive. All physical demands, if listed, are considered essential functions.
- Sits, stands, walks, stoops, kneels, and crouches/squats while performing duties
- Has oral and auditory capacity enabling interaction interpersonally and/or through communication devices
- Uses eyes, hands, and finger coordination enabling the use of equipment and writing utensils
The following are some of the cognitive functions commonly associated with this position. They are included for informational purposes and are not all-inclusive. The staff member may be required to analyze, communicate, compare, compile, compute, coordinate, copy, evaluate, instruct, negotiate, synthesize, reason, and use interpersonal skills.
New Applicants: Please note that if you are hired by District 20, fingerprinting is required. You will be responsible for the fingerprinting charge at the Colorado Springs Police Department as well as for the FBI charge.
All custodial positions require the ability to lift 50 pounds and to push/pull burdens up to 100 pounds.
All special education positions require the ability to safely lift 50 pounds each in a two person lift.
|Current District 20 Staff:
|Current District 20 staff members should complete a transfer request form and return it to the Human Resources Office. The transfer request form and important transfer information can be found on the District 20 Intranet site: Click on 20Net Forms and Documents, click on 20Net Human Resources Documents, click on HR - Other Forms and Miscellaneous, and click on the document name HIRING - Transfer Request Form.
|New Applicants:
|New applicants must register with the Academy District 20 Employment Opportunities site and complete an online application. Please identify your interest in specific positions on the Preferences page of the online application. Since school administrators will be able to access your completed online application, please do not call to request site visits or interviews at the school. Please direct all inquiries via the email address indicated on the posting.
|If you are a new applicant and are invited to interview for a classified position, please consider bringing the following documentation to your interview:
Application Instructions
Please click on the link below to apply for this position. A new window will open and direct you to apply at our corporate careers page. We look forward to hearing from you!Apply Online
Posted: 6/14/2019
Job Reference #: 1111411430


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The powers, remedies, and procedures set forth in sections 2000e–4, 2000e–5, 2000e–6, 2000e–8, and 2000e–9 of this title shall be the powers, remedies, and procedures this subchapter provides to the Commission, to the Attorney General, or to any person alleging discrimination on the basis of disability in violation of any provision of this chapter, or regulations promulgated under section 12116 of this title, concerning employment.
The agencies with enforcement authority for actions which allege employment discrimination under this subchapter and under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 [29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.] shall develop procedures to ensure that administrative complaints filed under this subchapter and under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 are dealt with in a manner that avoids duplication of effort and prevents imposition of inconsistent or conflicting standards for the same requirements under this subchapter and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The Commission, the Attorney General, and the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs shall establish such coordinating mechanisms (similar to provisions contained in the joint regulations promulgated by the Commission and the Attorney General at part 42 of title 28 and part 1691 of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, and the Memorandum of Understanding between the Commission and the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs dated January 16, 1981 (46 Fed. Reg. 7435, January 23, 1981)) in regulations implementing this subchapter and Rehabilitation Act of 1973 not later than 18 months after July 26, 1990.
(Pub. L. 101–336, title I, §107, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 336.)
This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of this title and Tables.
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 93–112, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 355, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 16 (§701 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 701 of Title 29 and Tables.
Section effective 24 months after July 26, 1990, see section 108 of Pub. L. 101–336, set out as a note under section 12111 of this title.


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EXCLUSIVE! 'Grey's Anatomy' Creator Shonda Rhimes Spills A Katherine Heigl Spoiler!
Shonda gave us the dirt on Katherine's character Izzie!
Katherine Heigl's character Izzie Stevens has been MIA from Seattle Grace Hospital since Jan. 21, and we know you're dying to know whether or not she has plans to scrub back in. So that's exactly what we asked Grey's Anatomy creator Shonda Rhimes at the NAACP Image Awards on Feb. 26 in Los Angeles — and she told us exactly what we wanted to hear!
"[Izzie] is written into an episode," she confirmed to HollywoodLife.com on the red carpet.
And even though she wouldn't give us any specifics on Izzie's return, she did dish about newcomer Jesse Williams. "He's definitely working for the show, and he's pretty great to look at," she said (and we agree!) "I think it was nice for the audience to have some sort of villains [the doctors from Mercy West] that would compete with our Seattle Grace characters. … You learn more about [Jesse's] character in the next episode."
She also nixed a potential future for Christina (Sandra Oh) and Jesse's character, Jackson. "We dont think anything more will happen with Christina and Jackson," she said. "She has her own story line that is developing and shaping. We've written an episode that."
Wow… a surprise return from Izzie and new storylines for Christina and Jackson? Sounds like things are heating up at Seattle Grace!


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Husqvarna describes its new 460 chain saw as being high powered, heavy duty and responsive. Powered by a 3.7-hp Husqvarna X-Torq engine, the 460 delivers power and torque while reducing fuel consumption by up to 20% and emissions by up to 60%.
The 460 features a precision-forged three-piece crankshaft, heavy-duty muffler and a metal clutch cover. Its air injection system removes up to 97% of debris before it ever enters the air filter, resulting in smoother operation and decreased wear on the engine. The new chain saw has an anti-vibration system that keeps vibration levels low. It also includes an air purge, a decompression valve and a combined choke/stop control.Price: $ 399.95. Contact Husqvarna Outdoor Products Inc., Dept. FIN, 1030 Stevens Creek Rd., Augusta, GA 30907, 706/826-6900, or visit www.husqvarna.com.


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Design your own Peacock Feather & Rhinestone Embellishment Lace Garter
Your garter will be hand made with ivory or white lace for the garter. In the center is a colorful peacock feather & your choice of sparkly rhinestone embellishment.
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Browse all legal terms
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As with any other function on your farm, buying inputs is a skill that requires prudence and practice. And it doesn't matter if you have been doing it for two years or 20; every buyer is bound to make a mistake now and then.
Some years maybe you can afford to slip up. But when crop prices are low and margins are tight, like this year, even the simplest mistake can bleed red on your balance sheet.
But there's help. We asked professional farm managers across the Midwest to tell us the most common buying mistakes they see among their farmer customers. Recognizing them is the first step to avoiding them in the future and to cutting input costs on your farm.
1. Buying the brand your supplier recommends
Randy Harmon, farm manager with Halderman Farm Management in West Lafayette, IN, says the most common, and most expensive, buying mistake he sees is when farmers let their fertilizer and chemical company determine which package they should use. "Farmers have a ton of decisions to make, and it is difficult for anyone to keep track of all the new chemicals plus all the new prepackaged mixes," Harmon says. "So there is a tendency to defer that to the people who work with it every day."
Deferring the decision typically results in good performance, he adds. But the danger is that you may be paying more than what you would need to. "There are a lot of effective herbicide combinations available, and there is a significant difference in the cost," Harmon says.
To avoid overpaying, you should continue to ask your suppliers for recommendations, Harmon advises. But after receiving a recommendation, ask what cheaper alternatives are available and what are the trade-offs. "For example, you've told me that this program will work well," Harmon says. "Now, is there something that will cost me $4/acre less that will work nearly as well?"
If there are two suppliers in the area, Harmon advises that you try to get a second or third bid and ask the same questions of them.
Making the final selection will depend on the level of weed pressure in your field. "If you have a field that has high weed pressure, then you may want to go with the Cadillac approach," he says. "But if you have relatively clean fields and there are good postemergence options available for cleanup if there is a problem, then you may want to scale back to the Chevy approach to herbicides, especially with current grain prices. See if you have a problem you need to work on and come back with a rescue treatment if needed."
2. Buying incomplete sets
"Farmers would never think of buying a wrench set and not buying a wrench driver," offers Jorge Vicuna, farm manager with Haskell Agency in Huron, SD. "Yet they will do things that don't make any sense when looking from a broader perspective, like keeping one item out."
Vicuna calls this common mistake "unbalanced buying." "It's like buying a big plow and not buying enough tractor or a big tractor and not enough implement," he explains.
Avoiding this mistake basically comes down to the managerial skill of the individual, Vicuna says. "That is what he can't buy or find anywhere else." But it can be learned.
Vicuna advises that before making any major purchase, you should plan out the whole sequence in which the item fits. "For example, if a guy is going to buy a bigger combine, he has to realize that he will need a bigger tractor and more carts to dump the grain in," he says. "And if he is going to boost his yield to 150-bu. corn, he better think about building more storage. Otherwise, he will have some corn sitting on the ground. So you have to look at the whole operation rather than just going out and doing one thing."
3. Buying to gain total control
A related buying mistake is when farmers refuse to pay out a certain cost like land rent or custom hiring out of fear that they will lose control of their farm. Vicuna calls this tendency "excessive control" and says it stems from farmers' fear of losing control of their farm especially after periods of expansion. The danger is that it can cause farmers to do things that create inefficiencies, such as buying more land than they can afford just to avoid renting, or buying more equipment just to avoid custom hiring. "There's an old saying, 'He who grabs too much loses grip,'" he says.
To avoid taking excessive control, Vicuna says you need to strive for a balanced operation; in other words, a certain part of the land should be owned, a certain part rented on cash and a certain part rented on shares. Custom hiring should also be a part of that balance. "A guy should have equipment only to about 60 to 70% of his need and the rest should be hired," Vicuna says. "That would double his harvesting capacity and practically double his planting capacity."
To find out what a good balance is, Vicuna advises farmers to spend some time with a successful operator. "Pay attention to a guy who is doing it right," he s ays. "He gets his work done, his house doesn't look like a mess, and he has time to be a good father and take care of his family. There is a balance a guy can strike."
4. Buying only from the big guys
Marty Thornton, senior vice president at Commerce Bank in Bloomington, IL, says that a common mistake farmers make when buying seed is to ignore seed companies other than the market leaders out of fear they will be sacrificing quality or service.
"For example, there is one company that has over 40% of the seed corn market," Thornton says. "But even though it is the largest, about 60% of the market comes from other companies and other products. And there are a lot of good products from those other companies."
He says many of the small companies have the same access to elite genetics and do an excellent job of handling and processing.
5. Buying too late
Waiting to buy seed until late in the year is another mistake Thornton sees. Many farmers have been delaying the purchase because in recent years they have been able to get free seed from seed companies that have merged and that want to rid themselves of obsolete lines.
But there's risk to that, Thornton warns. "Farmers who wait until February or March will probably find fewer choices of high-performing products." He says a better time to buy is December or very early January at the latest. "That's when your premier products are available," he says.
6. Buying based on too little data
Larry Neppl, president of Iowa Farms Associates, Fort Dodge, IA, says another common buying mistake related to seed is relying on a minimum number of test comparisons to make the decision. "Some of the research I've seen shows that if you take one side-by-side comparison of two varieties and one has a better yield than the other, you've got only a 52% chance that the same one is going to yield better the next time because of all the variability," Neppl says.
He tells his clients that to avoid this mistake they need to look at a minimum of 50 side-by-side comparisons, ideally 200, of two different varieties, which brings the odds that the same test results will happen again up to 95%.
7. Buying strictly on price
Neppl also sees too many farmers focusing strictly on price when making their purchasing decisions. He says it is important to look at service as well, regardless of what product you are buying. Shopping for service is even more important now than in the past, he adds, due to the merger of seed and chemical companies, which market total packages that can encompass multiple products and services designed to solve a given problem.
8. Buying before getting the details
Many farmers fail to get all the details about a product before buying, offers Edward Kiefer, a farm manager with Hutchinson Farm Management, Geneseo, IL. "Say with a computer, there are many things as far as quality of the internal components, the service and the warranty that can differ between brands," he says. "So, probably the biggest mistake is not getting everything they need and discovering later on what those differences may have been."
To avoid this mistake, Kiefer advises a two-step approach: First, make a point to ask a lot of questions. If you don't know what questions to ask, ask the sales rep for the names of customers you can talk to who have used the product. Ask them what they like and dislike about the product, what problems, if any, have come up and what questions they would ask based on their experience.
Second, ask the salesperson for a written proposal before buying that outlines the price and terms of the agreement. "It could be a formal proposal or something very simple that is written on an 8_1/2 x 11 sheet of paper and faxed in less than a minute," he says.
Depending on the product, the proposal should include price, when payment is due, inclusion of any cash discounts and their terms, warranties and terms of delivery such as date, charges and location. "Let's say you want to buy so many gallons of a certain herbicide, and a price is quoted. Is that the price of the herbicide delivered to my office in Geneseo, IL, or do I have to pick it up in Indianapolis? Those sorts of details are getting more important as we deal with larger suppliers that may be out of close proximity to the farm."


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The tragic death of the country's ruler leaves you saddled with the throne, and a host of enemies out to marry you, depose you, kill you, OR WORSE. Frantically study to raise your skills and try to out-maneuver your political opponents while discovering the magical secrets of the realm. If you're lucky, you'll survive long enough for your coronation. Long Live The Queen!
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.


text: At the Combat Ready Gym we specialise in Krav Maga and CrossFit training. Krav Maga is an Israeli self-defense and hand to hand combat system. The system is used globally by civilians like you, the military and law enforcement. CrossFit is the global strength and conditioning phenomenon developed in the US. Find out more about Combat Ready, Edinburgh by using the links below. Keep your eyes on what's new at the gym, what's happening on our website, Facebook page and YouTube channel.


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from http://www.reformed.com/history(thompson).php
Mostly this is a reprint from an interview done with Mary E. Thompson for the Birmingham Eccentric and published in 1915. The history of this piece is just wonderful. I got excited because I suddenly recognized surnames that I haven't really paid much attention to before: STEWART and PARKS. In addition are other surnames that have connections, like MCCLUNG.
David Stewart + Ann Porter Margaret Stewart + John Parks David John Parks + Mary Greer (dau of John Greer Sr. + Isabella Gillespie) Alexander McClung + Sarah McWilliams Ellen McClung + Thomas GillespieWhat I was really excited about was remembering recently reading a book (available on google) called Genealogy of Hugh Stewart and his descendants. This great book goes into some detail about Stewart-Gillespie marriages. If I could tie the Covenantor Stewart to any of the Hugh Stewart's then at last there might be a connection between "Pine Bush" Gillespie's and my NY Gillespie's.
But for naught. The very bottom line is TIMING!! All the "early" Stewart's and Gillespie's arrived before the American Revolution. There's just no getting around that. David Stewart arrived in 1800, which is precisely when I suspect "my" Gillespie-Greer's also arrived. The rub has been did they arrive before or after the War of 1812? And better yet, maybe they were deported as enemy aliens and then emigrated again?!
I will say this. The Covenantor connection is important in tracing these family lines. AND that connection seems much more obvious along the GREER lines than the GILLESPIE. The Gillespie's were definitely practicing Presbyterians in Quebec where the children from John Gillespie's second marriage landed. And Thomas Gillespie (Jr.)'s marriage to the daughter of a Covenanter elder would probably have him involved in the church as well. But generally speaking, I am finding more church association in America for the GREER than the GILLESPIE families.


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North Brazil is awesome, best place ever for sex, drugs, kite and its cheap, just go!
You can have as much fun as you can take, or get raped.
aircatcher wrote:Donkeydick quote:
"...And ironically, those who wail the loudest are usually the hypocrits who get caught with their pants down! "
Umm...true, we have many politicians get caught up in sex scandals,including one of our former 2 terms President, American sex tourist are the highest numbers face charges for child sex tourism in Cambodia....maybe our society has become too sensitive about sex.
I declare Shenanigans on your implication that your married buddies are getting any.DonkeyD wrote:Having never been married I am stunned by the stories of how many of my married buddies wives use sex as their currency. The husbands pay in oversized houses, constant redecorating to live the Magazine life, etc etc.
This post really underlines the problem. It shows that:DonkeyD wrote:FredBGG wrote:[..
And you know of this "reality" directly?
Or have you just read sensationalist media "reports" and such selectively quoting from "studies" ?
I know of it DIRECTLY and am very well informed of it.
I am most certainly NOT speaking of those Bangkok red light zones, nor anything like that.
I do not however automatically equate paying a woman 10x the amount for sex as you pay for her cleaning your pousada room or cooking yo food or washing your dirty underwear as exploitive.
My meeting up with local women who want to spend an evening or weekend or week in exchange for some much needed financial help does NOT automatically equate to violence, suffering, disease and death. (See "war" in Afghanistan and Iraq for that!)
In fact, it may have a completely opposite effect.
When I travel to second and third world countries like Cuba I bring vitamins, folic acid and omega 3 supplements. I can't do it for everyone so YES, I am selective and have only semi-altruistic motives. I also provide a woman some cash equal to her family income for a month or two.
The "reality" is that for many men and women, sex can be recreational and hedonistic, it does not always have to occur in the context of deep emotional, love, or within the sanctity of marriage. (which is the biggest prostitution racket of them all!)
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The Klangbogen; a new tool from ReedGeek to improve your saxophone tone
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Donna Schwartz is a public school Band Director, General Music teacher, Jazz Band
Director, Private Teacher and Professional Musician with over 26 years experience.
She was a Jenkins Award, PTA-recognized Teacher of the Year in 2008, and has
had countless students get accepted into All County, All New York State ensembles, as well as USDAN, and Pre-College divisions at Juilliard and Manhattan School of Music.
She performs on saxophones in large theatres and festivals, and has performed with Vicci Martinez (Season One Finalist on the hit NBC Series, The Voice) Richie Cannata (saxophonist from Billy Joel's band) and Bobby Rondinelli (from Blue Oyster Cult and Black Sabbath).
Donna has written guest articles for the Association of Music Parents, LIGHT, Practical Home Schooling, the Zoen Network, DANSR and SBO (School Band and Orchestra) Magazine. Her website, http://DonnaSchwartzMusic.com has videos and articles for solutions to common performance problems, and she offers Online Video Lessons for beginning musicians.
(The Podcast theme song was composed and arranged by Donna Schwartz.)


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BREVARD COLLEGE: Brevard College in Brevard, N.C., has named Antonio Johnson of Forest Hill to the honor roll for the fall semester of the 2012-2013 academic year.
GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY: Hanna Stambaugh, a 2012 graduate of Bel Air High School, was named to the dean's honor list, attending the International Affairs at Elliot School. Dean's honor list is attained by earning a minimum of 3.75 GPA with 15 or more credits.
MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITY: William Sakell, a Health Sciences major from Bel Air, and Emily Wagner, an interior design major from Forest Hill, students at Marymount University, were recognized in the 2013 Edition Of Who's Who Among Students.
WEST VIRGINIA WESLEYAN COLLEGE: Kelsey Hangeland of Jarrettsville has been named to the 2012 fall semester dean's list at West Virginia Wesleyan. Wesleyan's dean's list requires students to earn a grade point average of 3.5 to 3.9 in 12 or more semester hours.
FORT HAYS STATE UNIVERSITY: Leann Schueneman of Forest Hill, an elementary education major, has been named to Fort Hays State University's dean's honor roll for the fall 2012 semester.
SAVANNAH COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN: Taylor Lambert of Bel Air recently graduated from the Savannah College of Art and Design with a bachelor of fine arts in graphic design.
SUNY POTSDAM: Megan Fritzsching of Aberdeen Proving Ground was recently named to the President's List at The State University of New York at Potsdam. Fritzsching, whose major is childhood/early child education, was among nearly 900 SUNY Potsdam students who were honored for academic excellence.
ST. MARY'S COLLEGE OF MARYLAND: Junior Donn Hill, of Bel Air, on the St. Mary's College of Maryland men's basketball team, was selected by the Department of Athletics and Recreation as the Athlete of the Month for December.
FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY: Spenser Puffenbarger, of Aberdeen, a civil engineering major; and Zachary Litsch, of Belcamp, a chemical engineering major, were named to the dean's list for the fall semester at Florida Institute of Technology.
FROSTBURG STATE UNIVERSITY: W. Bruce Huffman, of Joppa, received the Hammond Pursuit of Excellence Scholarship: In Memory of Eleanor Anna Hammond for study at Frostburg State University. Huffman attended Joppatowne High School.
MUHLENBERG COLLEGE: Muhlenberg College has announced its dean's list for the fall 2012 semester. Students must earn a minimum of a 3.5 grade point average (4.0-scale) to attain dean's list status. Elizabeth Thompson, a sophomore, is a biology and dance major from Bel Air and graduate of Bel Air High School; Dylan White, a junior, is a film studies and media and communication major from Bel Air and a graduate of Bel Air High School.
CURRY COLLEGE: Alexis Evers of Forest Hill was named to the Curry College dean's list for the fall 2012 term.
WAGNER COLLEGE: Released its academic honor lists for the Fall 2012 semester.
Emma L. Streett of Bel Air, made the dean's list for the fall 2012 semester at Wagner College.
CLEMSON UNIVERSITY: The following local residents have been named to the dean's list at Clemson University for the fall 2012 semester: Kelly Ann Creswell of Bel Air, who is majoring in biosystems engineering; Brian Patrick Murphy of Bel Air, who is majoring in chemical engineering; Emily E. Wakefield of Forest Hill, who is majoring in chemical engineering; Dana Marie Packett of Fallston, who is majoring in environmental natural resources (conservation biology); Shelby Rebecca Thies of Forest Hill, who is majoring in general engineering; and Talia Angela Kahoe of Forest Hill, who is majoring in pre-business. To be named to the Dean's List, a student must achieve a grade-point average between 3.50 and 3.99 on a 4.0 scale.
BUCKNELL UNIVERSITY: Bucknell University has released the dean's list for outstanding academic achievement during the fall semester of the 2012-13 academic year. A student must earn a grade point average of 3.5 or higher on a scale of 4.0 to receive dean's list recognition. Among them are Jillian K. DiPasquale, Joppa, daughter of Marc and Donna DiPasquale of Joppa and a 2009 graduate of Roland Park Country School, Baltimore; Cameron T. James, Fallston, son of Carl and Lori James of Fallston and a 2012 graduate of Loyola Blakefield High School, Towson; Samantha L. Rickels, Forest Hill, daughter of Donald and Cathy Rickels of Forest Hill and a 2012 graduate of Towson High School, Towson; Thomas S. Bollinger, Stewartstown, Pa., son of Robert Bollinger of Stewartstown and a 2010 graduate of Kennard-Dale High School, Fawn Grove.
GEORGIA TECH: Stewart Hall of Monkton earned the distinction of faculty honors for fall 2012 at the Georgia Institute of Technology.
SEWANEE: Tarver Shimek of Darlington has been named to the dean's list at the University of the South for the Advent 2012 term. To earn a place on Sewanee's dean's list, a student must earn a minimum grade point average of 3.625 on a 4.0 scale. Shimek is the child of William G. Shimek.
WESTERN NEW ENGLAND UNIVERSITY: Shelby L. Bartram of Port Deposit, a junior majoring in biomedical engineering, and Brian J. Schultz of Bel Air, a senior majoring in chemistry, were named to dean's list at Western New England for the fall semester of 2012. Students are named to the Dean's List for achieving a semester grade point average of 3.30 or higher.
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH BRADFORD: Emily Lyon Angel, a senior elementary education major from Stewartstown, Pa., was among 267 students named to the fall dean's list at University of Pittsburgh at Bradford. Dean's list status is awarded to full-time students who have earned a grade point average of 3.5 or higher.
ELON UNIVERSITY: Megan Elizabeth Foard, daughter of Richard and Roberta Foard of Forest Hill, has been named to the dean's list for the 2012 fall semester at Elon University. The dean's list includes students with no grade below a B- and a grade point average of at least 3.50 in a minimum of 12 semester hours.
UNIVERSITY OF SCRANTON: Steven Graefe of Street, a freshman exercise science major, was named to the University of Scranton's dean's list for the fall 2012 semester. A student must have a grade point average of 3.5 or better with a minimum number of credit hours to make the Dean's List.
CLARKSON UNIVERSITY: Steven H. Poffenberger of Forest Hill, is a freshman majoring in aeronautical engineering, was named to the dean's list for the fall 2012 semester at Clarkson University.


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It's a sad, but very true, fact that not everything can be a success.
Take cars for example. Sometimes no matter how hard a company tries, its new model will flop.
Or worse, be so hideously styled, it will cause people to vomit.
Such cars were on display at this year's Geneva Motor Show.
But rather than cover our eyes and sprint in the opposite direction, we thought we'd share this collection of the weird and wacky.
Not every car here is a clanger, but as you'll see, some will put you off your dinner.
So here they are – the Dr. Strangewheels of Geneva.


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The earth was still fresh on Cindy Sills� grave as her husband Don knelt beside to offer a silent prayer.
The earth was still fresh on Cindy Sills� grave as her husband Don knelt beside to offer a silent prayer.
It has been just over three months since Don Sills lost his wife to a rare form of cancer.
Cindy Sills, 56, had three children and five grandchildren.
Don Sills has been on a quest to raise awareness of sarcoma, particularly therhabdomyosarcoma, which took his wife of 36 years from him.
It took 2 1/2 months to diagnose Sills� painful ankle problems as stemming from sarcoma, which causes a disintegration of the soft tissue connecting the bone.
Sills was a popular employee at the Marine Corps Community Services Safety Store and was well known to the military and civilian workers who came by to purchase safety glasses and shoes.
�She loved that job,� Don Sills said. �She hit it off with everyone who came by.�
Cindy�s diagnosis in 2012 meant that she could no longer do the job that she loved.
She was strong through the ordeal.
�She never shed a tear, not for cancer,� Don Sills said. �She smiled all the way through it, all the way to the end. She stayed the beautiful person she always was.�
On the evening of her diagnosis, the Sills came home to a brilliant rainbow in the sky.
�We took that as a sign to us, a sign of hope,� Don Sills said.
Later, when she died on Sept. 6 and her body was removed from the family�s house, another rainbow appeared.
The moments inspired Don Sills to start �Cindy�s Rainbow� as a way to honor his wife, carry on her legacy and bring awareness to sarcoma.
�She deserves it. She fought for us, really,� he said.
He has joined with the Sarcoma Foundation of America to spread the word in part by wearing a �Cindy�s Rainbow� T-shirt every time he runs through the streets of Havelock.
The blue shirt with a brilliant rainbow across the chest encourages drivers who see him running to �Give a Beep about Sarcoma.� He usually runs around 4 p.m. and can be seen just off East Main Street between Bojangles and the Kangaroo store.
Sills is selling the shirts to raise money for a team of sarcoma specialists working on research.
The shirts are $20 locally and $25 if they need to be shipped elsewhere. Havelock-area purchasers can get their shirts delivered by Sills personally.
Sills also wants to promote an April 12 sarcoma awareness event and will be selling tickets for the barbecue dinner that night.
Sills said he was grateful for all the support he has received, as well as support from the Havelock police and fire departments at the time of his wife�s death as well as at her funeral.
To contact Sills about purchasing T-shirts, getting dinner tickets and sarcoma awareness, go to Cindy�s Rainbow on Facebook. Other information is available at www.nccancerhospital.org/news/sills-raises-awareness-about-her-rare-cancer where an article and links are posted about Cindy Sills� struggle with the rare cancer.


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Twelve Reasons Why the Green Home Market Is Ready to Surge
A version of this article appears in the July/August 2006 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
July 01, 2006
If you need convincing about the marketability of green building, author Jerry Yudelson offers up a dozen reasons why green is the way to go. 1. The commercial and institutional green building market continues to grow at more than 50% per year (see Figure 1). In 2005, LEED-registered projects and project area grew by more than 50%, and LEED-certified projects grew by nearly 100%. LEED statistics indicate considerable growth potential for the green home market. Some of the LEED projects are multifamily residential structures, typically above three stories. 2. The new federal energy bill (Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 2005, or EPAct; see Table 1), which provides increased incentives for residential solar systems; prolonged oil prices above $60 per barrel; and natural gas prices above $8–$10/MMBtu ($0.80–$1.00 per therm) have changed the psychology of the consumer for the first time since the oil price shocks of the 1970s. New credits for home builders should spur more investment in energy-efficient homes. 3. In November 2005,DOE's Energy Information Administration raised its projected 2025 oil prices, in today's dollars, from $33 (2004 forecast) to $54 per barrel, a 65% ...
To read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an Online Subscription.
Once an order has been placed there is an automatic $10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation.
The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.


text: Cardiac Support Services Cardiac Rehabilitation The Joel E. Smilow Heart Institute at Bridgeport Hospital offers outpatient cardiac rehabilitation as a medically-supervised exercise- and education-based program; designed to strengthen your heart, increase your vitality, and help make lifestyle changes to reduce your risk for future cardiac events. It is strongly recommended for anyone who has recently had: A heart attack An angioplasty/stent Coronary bypass surgery Heart valve repair or replacement surgery Congestive heart failure Chronic stable angina Heart transplant A Comprehensive Approach The 60-minute exercise component includes: Aerobics Resistance training with weights, bands, & stability balls Flexibility The program also includes an education component, led by nurses and exercise physiologists, will either precede or follow your exercise session. Family and friends are welcome to attend education classes. Conversing with others who have experienced a similar cardiac event can provide you with valuable emotional support as you recover. Education topics include: Risk factor reduction Diet & nutrition Medications Stress management Travel Exercise guidelines Professional, Caring Staff A team of cardiac nurses and exercise physiologists monitor your heart rate and rhythm and guide your progression. Blood pressure, blood sugar (for those with diabetes), and EKG are assessed during each visit. The exercise program is tailored to the individual needs and physical capability of each participant. The cardiac rehabilitation team stays in close contact with your physician regarding your progression. Costs & Insurance Most insurance plans, including Medicare, cover up-to-36 cardiac rehabilitation sessions for the listed conditions/procedures. You are encouraged to ask your insurance carrier about your specific coverage. Your cardiologist will need to refer you to the program after discharge from the hospital. The cardiac rehabilitation team can assist you with this process. For class schedules and more information, please call 203-256-5896


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A hybrid is the end result of mixing two or more different species in the biological process of reproduction.
Because of the common genetic ancestry of most of the species of the Milky Way Galaxy by way of the ancient humanoids, many species are able to interbreed with or without the help of genetic technology. In fact, Humans and Vulcans are quite similar. (TNG: "The Chase"; ENT: "Demons")
There can be unexpected consequences to interspecific relations and as such, it was a researched topic. Starfleet Academy taught Interspecies Protocol and the Ktarian Doctor Mizan was an expert in interspecies mating rituals, known for his "empirical research." (TNG: "Timescape"; VOY: "The Disease") One should note that there can be certain difficulties involved in reproducing between species, even humanoid, for anatomical reasons; for instance, not all species keep their genitals in the same place (Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country), or incompatible number of required genitals (DIS: "Choose Your Pain"), or the embryo will not survive to term due to genetic or physical reasons, such as life-threatening birth defects or dangers to the mother during birthing which may require caesarean section or fetal transport to save one or both. (VOY: "Deadlock")
In some cultures, children who are born as a result of interspecific relations are rejected by the society of both races. For example, Bajoran / Cardassian hybrids were often rejected by both Bajorans and Cardassians. (DS9: "Indiscretion", "Return to Grace") Klingons referred to hybrids derogatorily as "mongrels". (VOY: "Barge of the Dead", "Prophecy")
Examples of interspecific reproduction Edit
Betazoid Edit
- Betazoid / Human (Deanna Troi, Kestra Troi, Devinoni Ral, Anita Pierce, Walter Pierce)
- Betazoid / Tavnian (Lwaxana Troi's and Jeyal's son) (DS9: "The Muse")
Caitian Edit
- Caitian / unknown (Evan Connolly's Roomate)
Cardassian Edit
- Cardassian / Bajoran (Mika and Dukat's child, and Tora Ziyal) (DS9: "Covenant", "Indiscretion")
- Cardassian / Kazon (Seska and Culluh's child) (VOY: "Basics, Part I", "Basics, Part II")
Human Edit
- Human / Angel I native (the crewmembers of the Federation freighter Odin were mentioned to have fathered children with the Angel I inhabitants) (TNG: "Angel One")
- Human / Bajoran (speculated; Kira Nerys was able to carry Kirayoshi O'Brien to full-term when circumstances required him to be transplanted into her womb with medical aid, suggesting that human/Bajoran pregnancy could be possible under the same circumstances) (DS9: "Body Parts")
- Human / Boraalan (Nikolai Rozhenko and Dobara's child) (TNG: "Homeward")
- Human / Betazoid (Deanna Troi, Kestra Troi, Devinoni Ral, Anita Pierce, Walter Pierce)
- Human / Cardassian (implied above)
- Human / Daliwakan (The Gigolo) (VOY: "The Cloud")
- Human / Denobulan (Denobulan child on future Enterprise) (ENT: "E²")
- Human / Ikaaran / 2 unknown species (Karyn Archer) (ENT: "E²")
- Human / Klingon (K'Ehleyr (medical help was needed (TNG: "The Emissary"), B'Elanna Torres, Miral Paris, Alexander Rozhenko)
- Human / Ktarian (Naomi Wildman, Sabrina) (VOY: "Deadlock", "Endgame")
- Human / Napean (Daniel Kwan) (TNG: "Eye of the Beholder")
- Human / Ocampa (Linnis Paris, Andrew Kim) (VOY: "Before and After")
- Human / Romulan (Sela, Simon Tarses and brother)
- Human / Skagaran (Bethany) (ENT: "North Star")
- Human / Terrellian (Human corpse) (ENT: "Future Tense")
- Human / Trill (Yedrin Dax, Lisa, several others) (DS9: "Children of Time")
- Human / Vulcan (Spock, Elizabeth, Lorian, Spock (alternate reality), Spock (mirror))
- Human / Xyrillian (Trip Tucker's pregnancy; it should be noted, however, that he was more of a carrier than an actual, biological parent) (ENT: "Unexpected")
- Q has implied that a Human / Q hybrid is possible (TNG: "True Q"; VOY: "The Q and the Grey") He also stated that the Q could breed with, or as, any species because of their godlike abilities.(citation needed • edit)
Klingon Edit
- Klingon / (Betazoid / Human) (Shannara and Eric-Christopher, alternate timeline children of Worf and Deanna Troi) (TNG: "Parallels")
- Klingon / Human (K'Ehleyr (medical help was needed), B'Elanna Torres, Miral Paris, Alexander Rozhenko)
- Klingon / Trill (not possible without medical help; individuals never appeared, as Jadzia Dax was murdered soon after confirmation that such a pregnancy was possible) (DS9: "Tears of the Prophets")
- Klingon / Romulan (Ba'el and several other prisoners in the Carraya IV colony) (TNG: "Birthright, Part I")
Ocampa Edit
- Ocampa / Human (Linnis Paris, Andrew Kim) (VOY: "Before and After")
- Ocampa / Talaxian (although they decided not to, Kes and Neelix seemed to imply it was possible for them to have a baby) (VOY: "Elogium")
Romulan Edit
- Romulan / Human (Sela, Simon Tarses)
- Romulan / Klingon (Ba'el and several other prisoners in the Carraya IV colony) (TNG: "Birthright, Part I")
Talaxian Edit
- Talaxian / Mylean (Neelix's great-grandfather was Mylean) (VOY: "Scientific Method")
- Talaxian / Mylean / Vulcan (Tuvix, was caused by a transporter malfunction with hybridizing flowers) (VOY: "Tuvix")
- Talaxian / Ocampa (implied above)
Trill Edit
- Trill / Human (mentioned above)
- Trill / Klaestron (Benjamin Sisko briefly assumed that Ilon Tandro was the son of Curzon Dax and Enina Tandro) (DS9: "Dax")
- Trill / Klingon (referenced above)
Vulcan Edit
- Vulcan / Human (Spock, Elizabeth, Lorian, Spock (alternate reality), Spock (mirror))
- Vulcan / Talaxian (seen above)