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New: The THLR-Hybrid Reticle
From the end of May 2019, the new THLR Hybrid reticle will be available for the MINOX ZP5 5-25x56 riflescope.
The new Mrad-based reticle will offer a wide variety of universal applications.
Find out more details about the reticle here: https://www.minox.com/index.php?id=zp_line_reticles0&L=1.
New: The MINOX RV 1 Red Dot Sight
The RV 1 is a red dot sight enclosed in a robust compact housing and is particularly suitable for driven hunts.
Being fast and successful when it matters. Without a defined eye distance, the target can be detected faster, safer, with both eyes and without disturbing wide frames. This makes the MINOX RV 1 especially suitable for hunting at short distances, as it always offers a full overview.
NEW: The MINOX NVD 650 Digital Night Vision Device with Recording Function
MINOX is presenting with the NVD 650 a new digital night vision device with a recording function. Featuring a 6x optical magnification, which can be digitally increased to 30x when needed, the large lens diameter of 50mm ensures high light-gathering capabilities that result in good resolution and image brightness.
Software-Update for the DTC 550 ensures increased performance
MINOX has developed a new firmware For users of the DTC 550 surveillance camera. Click on the following link to find out just how easy it is to update your camera:
If you have questions regarding the procedures, please call +49 (0) 6441 917 683.
The New MINOX DTC 550 Digital Trail Camera
MINOX will launch a new Digital Trail Camera at the 2017 British Shooting Show - the MINOX DTC 550.
Demand for trail cameras continues to grow as users discover new applications for the technology; in addition to the tradition observation of wildlife, trail cameras are increasing being used for domestic and commercial surveillance purposes. This latest addition to the MINOX DTC range features a newly designed intuitive guidance set-up menu that is quick and easy to use.
MINOX will once again be represented at the W3+Fair on 21 & 22 February in the Rittal Arena, Wetzlar.
Representing an interdisciplinary network for optics, electronics and mechanics, the W3 + Fair offers high-tech industries new interdisciplinary sources of information and innovations while providing plenty of opportunities to create and maintain contacts within these sectors. In cooperation with Wetzlar Network, the competency network Optence among other important industrial partners, are promoting the W3 + FAIR to encourage the exchange and networking of experts from within these sectors to prepare the way for innovative solutions and establish new business.
Visit us at the MINOX booth 12A in the Rittal Arena!
New! Compact and good to hold: The new MINOX BV 8x33 Binoculars with Comfort Bridge
For an even more comfortable handling and excellent grip when observing nature or out hunting MINOX has now added a new model to its proven BV binocular line with practical comfort bridge - the BV 8x33. Whether out hunting or observing nature the open design of the BV 8x33 permits secure, one-handed operation and allows more freedom to move so that the user has an excellent grip at all times, even under extreme conditions.
New MINOX DTC 390 Trail Camera: Ideal for all hunting, wildlife and property observation applications
The MINOX DTC 390 has a completely redesigned fast and easy-to-use set-up menu with intuitive guidance throughout.
This new, highly compact, entry-level camera is ideal for all applications including covert nature observation, the inspection of hunting grounds, for security surveillance of buildings and other private property.
Discreet and powerful! The New MINOX DTC 450 SLIM Trail Camera
Apart from focusing on nature observation and the observation of hunting grounds, trail cameras are becoming increasingly popular in the private sector. Whether in a game park or for the surveillance of private property, a well-camouflaged discreet camera is always essential. MINOX, Germanys leading manufacturer of trail cameras now presents the new DTC 450 SLIM for absolutely discreet observation. With its unique slim design that measures just 2.7 cm in depth and its slightly curved housing contour in camouflage look, this camera allows an even more discreet observation. The DTC 450 is inconspicuous, intelligent and powerful. It is an extremely useful and reliable tool for use in places where surveillance was previously too difficult.
Wildlife Camera MINOX DTC 700: extremely easy installation thanks to removable camera module
Besides being used to observe and research nature and hunting grounds, observation cameras are becoming more and more popular for the surveillance of private and commercial premises. MINOX is now extending its model range with the new DTC 700 that is quick and easy to install and simple to operate. The housing of the camera is firmly mounted just once. To evaluate the recordings or make various settings, the module inside the housing can be removed and then inserted again any tricky installation and realigning of the camera after evaluation and adjustment is thus omitted!
Innovative new products for the SHOT Show 2016!
MINOX will be present again at the German joint stand during the SHOT Show in Las Vegas from January 19 - 22 and will be exhibiting new and innovative products such as the ZX rifle scope line, spotting scopes, binoculars and wildlife and observation cameras.
The Shot Show in Las Vegas is the most important trade show in the United States for firearms, hunting and shooting sports, where dealers can find out about the latest developments, trends, services and products within their fields of business. For more information visit shotshow.org.
Convincing Performance: The new MINOX ZX5 riflescope line with 5x magnification
MINOX has yet again set new standards in precision, quality and reliability with its powerful riflescope models in the ZX5 product line. Developed in Wetzlar, these new ZX5 scopes are superbly designed to meet hunting requirements and also focus on the needs of shooting sports. Optionally available with and without illuminated reticle, these new ZX5 riflescopes are suitable for hunting even in deep twilight conditions and enable the user to concentrate faster on the target as well as reliably gain an overview for that decisive moment. The new ZX5 also stands out with its excellent price/performance ratio.
New Trail Camera MINOX DTC 1100 with 4G Function: Full Network Coverage and Easy Setup
Observation cameras are becoming more and more popular for observing and studying nature and hunting grounds, and also for the surveillance of houses, gardens, boats or company premises. To meet the increasing fields of application, MINOX is expanding its current range of game and observation cameras with the new model DTC 1100 featuring GSM and 4G functionality for an even better and future-orientated network coverage. The images captured are transferred quickly and directly to a stored cell phone number by MMS, or by mail to an e-mail address. The advantage being that the user can respond immediately to the situation from anywhere, and take any necessary action.
MINOX BF 8x42 and BF 10x42: The new entry-level, all-rounder from MINOX
All Sport Optics products from MINOX offer the highest quality and excellent price/performance ratio. With the new BF line MINOX once again proves that quality is affordable. The BF8x42 and BF10x42 models are highly versatile and feature many proven design features taken from the latest MINOX binoculars and spotting scopes. They are the perfect companions for lovers of the outdoors who, will find BFs the ideal partner for traveling, all outdoor-activities, bird-watching, field-sports or for observing fauna and flora.
Members of the British Fieldsports press invited to try MINOX optics at WMS Firearms Training
MINOX recently hosted a day at the WMS facility in Mid-Wales and took the opportunity to introduce members of the British Sporting press to the new ZE and ZP range of rifle-scopes; journalists were also invited to try the brand new MD60 and MD80 Z spotting scopes. WMS presented some challenging and realistic shooting at ranges between 100 and 900yds - the task was made considerably easier by the brilliant new MINOX rifle-scopes!
MINOX will be present again at the HuntEx in South Africa
The Huntex in Midrand, South Africa has now become the largest trade show for hunters and marksmen on the African continent setting a new record with 40,001 visitors. The renowned optical manufacturer MINOX will be presenting from 24 to 27 April 2015 the complete range of sports optics including binoculars, riflescopes with illuminated reticles, tactical riflescopes, game cameras and night vision devices. Representatives from Germany will be on site for expert advice. For more information, please visit www.huntex.net.
The Jagd Niederrhein will be opening its doors for the first time with its new name at the Kalkar Wunderland fairgrounds.
With a new name and new concept, the German-Dutch trade and consumer exhibition Jagd Niederrhein will be taking place from 18th 19th of April, 2015. Suppliers, manufacturers, dealers and even associations and publishers will be presenting themselves with their newest products, innovations and information on more than 6000 square meters. MINOX will also participate with the complete range of sports optics, riflescopes with reticule illumination, tactical riflescopes, wildlife cameras and extensive information about their new products. Further information can be found here: www.messekalkar.de/de/congress/42/hunting-fishing oder www.jagd-niederrhein.de.
The starter model for hunting, outdoors and personal safety the new MINOX DTC 300
At the IWA 2015 in Nuremberg the optics specialist MINOX from Wetzlar introduces a new model in the game and surveillance camera sector. The intuitive handling of this MINOX DTC 300 makes it an excellent tool for beginners who want to get started in the field of game and nature observation as well as personal safety. This convenient observation camera is discrete, intelligent and powerful, making it an ideal and reliable companion in hunting grounds and also for object protection and surveillance.
Successful IWA 2015 - MINOX draws positive balance
From 6 - 9 March 2015, the 42nd IWA Outdoor Classics international trade fair took place at the Nuremberg Exhibition Centre in Germany, boasting 1,383 exhibitors and 42,000 visitors from all over the world. Aside from the new binocular, riflescope and trail camera products presented at the MINOX stand in hall 1, the MINOX gourmet lounge with fine food and wines was gladly appreciated by visitors, resulting in an extremely successful trade show for the reknown German Sport Optics manufacturer.
MINOX will be presenting the high grade Artisan & Artist products at the Ambiente trade show in Frankfurt from the 13 17 February 2015
As the distributor for Artisan & Artist, MINOX will be presenting a choice selection of products from the renowned Japanese manufacturer Artisan & Artist at the Ambiente in Frankfurt. A choice selection of camera and cosmetic bags & accessories will be highlighted for the upcoming spring season. Artisan & Artist products are distinguished by their attention to detail and are manufactured using centuries-old production and processing methods and consistent use of high quality materials.


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Tamir, By moving back to the root of the issue - the DNT signal itself being invalid - then you're no longer required to gain opt-in consent for further data use activities outside of those the specification ultimately articulates are permitted, as you've not received the initial starting point - DNT:1. Only once a valid DNT:1 signal is received, would the Server likely trigger the option to request a User Granted Exception (or obtain this out of band). A Server can also request a User Granted Exception as part of a normal process regardless of the DNT signal if they wish to store user permissions in the UA. - Shane -----Original Message----- From: Tamir Israel [mailto:email@example.com] Sent: Friday, June 08, 2012 11:00 AM To: Shane Wiley Cc: Jeffrey Chester; Ninja Marnau; Rigo Wenning; firstname.lastname@example.com; Bjoern Hoehrmann; David Singer; firstname.lastname@example.com (firstname.lastname@example.com) Subject: Re: Today's call: summary on user agent compliance Hi Shane, I want to reiterate what I said earlier on -- I understand there is already an agreement on defaults in the group, and it is not my intention to question that. However, in this context, I'm not clear that where a server merely notifies the user they will ignore their DNT-1 signal, that this is sufficient to gain user consent for server tracking. Let me explain. The basis for tracking under the current spec is that the server is gaining implicit, opt-out consent to track the user. The 'opt-out' consent is mediated through the UA's browser mechanism. Now, if the server is saying 'I will ignore your DNT-1 because I deem it non-compliant', there is no longer an opt-out consent mechanism in place for the server to rely on. Best, Tamir On 6/8/2012 11:29 AM, Shane Wiley wrote: > Tamir, > > While I agree it does add a degree of uncertainty initially, as long as the outcome is completely transparent to the user then I believe the appropriate outcome has been reached. > > We are attempting to resolve this in the specification by appropriately signaling to a user that they will not honor the DNT signal from a specific UA. > > - Shane > > -----Original Message----- > From: Tamir Israel [mailto:email@example.com] > Sent: Friday, June 08, 2012 8:11 AM > To: Shane Wiley > Cc: Jeffrey Chester; Ninja Marnau; Rigo Wenning; email@example.com; Bjoern Hoehrmann; David Singer; email@example.com (email@example.com) > Subject: Re: Today's call: summary on user agent compliance > > Hi Shane, > > I suppose the question is what the objective here is. > > Allowing any entity to unilaterally question the validity of a facially > valid signal introduces a great degree of uncertainty into the equation, > and since this is an anticipated source of disagreement and confusion, > it might be better to explore addressing it within the spec. > > On 6/8/2012 10:16 AM, Shane Wiley wrote: >> Jeff and Ninja, >> >> I respectfully disagree and believe any standard that has outlined what a valid signal should consist of (in our case, that a user has activated this signal directly) then any signal not meeting the standard is itself non-compliant and therefore should allow Servers to appropriately respond to users that their current UA is non-compliant and therefore will not be honored - again, hopefully with options for valid UAs the user can access their free services with. If the user doesn't feel comfortable with this outcome WHICH IS COMPLETELY TRANSPARENT, they can decide to keep consuming those free services with DNT not being honored, not access the free content from that particular site, or switch to a compliant UA so their DNT signal is honored while interacting with that site. With transparent and clear messaging to the user, this places the power within the user's hands to decide how best to move forward. I believe this is much better than the user being left in the dark, or alternately no publishers supporting DNT since they are forced to honor non-compliant signals. >> >> Predictability - The user is clearly messaged in all cases - so outcomes are completely "predictable". > I'm not clear that there is any obligation for the user to be clearly > messaged here. In any case, how would that play out? User: don't track > me; UA: server does not acknowledge. What's the next step here? > >> Only for "uncompliant" UAs? - Yes, but this is subjective choice by the Server and they must defend their position. Since messaging is transparent, consumers can quickly raise concerns if they feel a UA is being ignored incorrectly. >> >> Who decides wether a UA is "uncompliant"? - The Server does. > You are correct that ultimately, this could be referred to a regulator > if the customer disagrees with the server's decision. > >> Liability issues - disagree on your assessment of liability in this case as the claim is directly tied to a voluntary code and therefore the only legal enforcement is that the Server must follow through on what it says it will (contract). >> >> Hindering privacy-by-default - It is FAR too early in the process to attempt to quote draft regulations that will go through tremendous change over the next two years prior to becoming a regulation in force. >> >> - Shane >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: Jeffrey Chester [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] >> Sent: Friday, June 08, 2012 3:52 AM >> To: Ninja Marnau >> Cc: Rigo Wenning; email@example.com; Bjoern Hoehrmann; David Singer; firstname.lastname@example.com (email@example.com) >> Subject: Re: Today's call: summary on user agent compliance >> >> I support what Ninja says below, and the concerns Jonathan raises. There shouldn't be "cherry-picking" allowed in the spec. When sites receive DNT, they should honor it. The W3C should not develop a policy that permits the over-riding of requests/intent of global Internet users. >> >> The key issue for us to address is the need to limit collection and retention. I hope we can discuss and build support for a consensus on the proposal sent the other day by EFF/Mozilla and Jonathan. Without meaningful collection and retention policy, we risk not having a spec that can receive the support from many stakeholders (esp civil society). That is critical to the fate of the privacy and digital consumer protection debates, esp. both sides of the Atlantic. >> >> Finally, I want to add that in my view and fairly quickly a site that doesn't honor DNT will not be considered "brand safe." Responsible advertisers and brands concerned about their reputation will need to respect a robust DNT. They will have to add DNT to the blacklist/whitelist systems in place. It behooves us to continue to advance the process of ensuring monetization and privacy can thrive together in the digital economy. >> >> Jeff >> >> On Jun 8, 2012, at 5:26 AM, Ninja Marnau wrote: >> >>> We are discussing two different issues here. >>> >>> First is, I support that servers should give the users a clear answer wether their DNT request is honored. There should be an option to answer NACK. >>> >>> Second is, a company claiming "We will honor DNT when it's coming from the following user agents" or "We will honor DNT from all user agents except for the following" (I am quoting Ian's example here) is honest - and I appreciate that. But whether it is "compliant" to the DNT recommendation or not, is up to us as a working group. It is our task to discuss whether we want the spec to allow this cherry-picking. (Don't get me wrong, companies can stll do so. But will they be able to claim DNT compliance?). >>> I oppose this. I think the spec should state that when you receive a valid signal, no matter from what UA, you have to honor it in order to claim DNT compliance. >>> >>> There are several reasons for this: >>> 1) predictability >>> David raised this point and I agree: "Defining that "I'll stop tracking unless I don't feel like it" as *compliant* makes it basically unpredictable what will happen." >>> >>> 2) only for "uncompliant" UAs? >>> If we open the spec to cherry-picking. Will it stop at "uncompliant"? Or will the spec just stay silent or explicitly allow for other motivations? Patent lawsuits, harming competitors, just feeling like it - for painting a very black picture. >>> I don't support this as being considered DNT compliant. >>> >>> 3) Who decides wether a UA is "uncompliant"? >>> As long as there is no judgement by a competent authority, this is a very critical statement. >>> >>> 4) liability issues >>> If the spec allows to NACK the DNT requests of "uncompliant" UAs, and I site claims to "honor DNT from all user agents except for the following ..." it makes a legally relevant statement about these UAs. Which may lead to liability and claims for damages by these UAs if the judgement is wrong. >>> If the spec is more open -> issue 2. >>> >>> 5) hindering privacy-by-default >>> The proposed Data Protection Regulation of the EC explicitly asks for privacy by default. (Art. 23) >>> >>> >>> Ninja >>> >>> >>> >>> Am 08.06.2012 10:25, schrieb Rigo Wenning: >>>> On Thursday 07 June 2012 18:25:27 Ian Fette wrote: >>>>> A site is already under no obligation to conform to DNT. Would you >>>>> rather have the user be clear that their request is being >>>>> ignored, or left to wonder? >>>> Precisely my point! Thanks Ian >>>> >>>> Rigo >>>> >>> -- >>> >>> Ninja Marnau >>> mail: firstname.lastname@example.com - http://www.datenschutzzentrum.de >>> Telefon: +49 431/988-1285, Fax +49 431/988-1223 >>> Unabhaengiges Landeszentrum fuer Datenschutz Schleswig-Holstein >>> Independent Centre for Privacy Protection Schleswig-Holstein >>> >>> >>> >> >Received on Friday, 8 June 2012 18:16:12 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Friday, 3 November 2017 21:44:50 UTC

subset: commoncrawl


text:
will.i.am in talks to develop Nerd Idol
BLACK EYED PEAS star WILL.I.AM is developing a new AMERICAN IDOL-type talent show for nerds.
The hitmaker, who has signed on to help Britney Spears mentor her X Factor team on TV in the U.S., is hoping to find the next Steve Jobs or Mark Zuckerberg.
will.i.am, who recently debuted his new song, Reach for the Stars, from Mars via the Curiosity rover, insists there should be a TV show "celebrating" innovators and inventors.
He says, "We need creative people working with broadcasters, making smart content to inspire people to be geniuses. It will be great TV and great for society."
will.i.am is currently in negotiations with TV executives about his plans for the show.


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Our various diversity education programs efforts have moved from minimizing conflict to strengthen our ability to amplify, respect, value and leverage our differences to drive sustainable business results.
Our three pillars of diversity education are Diversity Training, a Diversity Speaker Series and our Diversity Library.
Ongoing diversity training helps drive employee engagement, create a work environment that visibly values and leverages diversity and accelerates productivity.
We also offer supplier diversity training to help ensure that associates understand how to leverage the procurement power of the company by creating a pool of suppliers that include minority- and women-owned businesses.


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Happy Birthday LBJ!
Aug 20, 2012
When: Monday, August 27, 2012
9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
What: Birthday cake and refreshments
Where: LBJ Library , 2313 Red River St.
Admission: Free
10 a.m. - Cupcakes will be served at the West Mall, UT Campus
The LBJ Presidential Library will offer birthday cake and refreshments so that visitors can commemorate the birthday of Lyndon Johnson. Cake will be served at the Library from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and cupcakes will be served on the West Mall of the UT campus beginning at 10 a.m. until the cupcakes are gone. August 27th would have been President Johnson's 104th birthday.
Visitors to the LBJ Library should be aware that most of the core exhibits are currently closed due to a major redesign of the interior of the Library.
Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the United States, died in 1973, and is buried near his birthplace in Stonewall, Texas.
Quick Links
Contact Us
Anne Wheeler
Communications Director
LBJ Presidential Library
2313 Red River St.
Austin, TX 78705
Office: (512) 721-0216
Cell: (512) 731-2351 call or text
[email protected]


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text:
Naturalization Certificate and Records
One of the first records you will want to get is your Italian-born ascendant's naturalization record for several reasons. First, as I wrote about here, proof that your relative was not naturalized before their kin was born is one of the key criteria the Italian consulate will look for. It is a good idea to get this confirmation before going through the expense and trouble of collecting all of the other required records. Second, it can take quite awhile, sometimes months, to get the record. In this case, it is good to get the ball rolling sooner than later. Finally, depending on where and when it was issued, the naturalization record can contain a lot of information about your relative. If you have information you are missing which you need to be able to request other records, the data contained in the naturalization record may help fill some of the gaps.
I wrote a summary of the requirements mentioned in this article here for those just wanting a high level overview of what records they will need to collect. This article contains tips and tricks and additional information that you may find helpful.
If you have your Italian-born ascendants original certificate and there are no major discrepancies between that and their other records, this will likely be good enough and you shouldn't need to go through the steps outlined below. Definitely double-check with your consulate though just to confirm they don't need anything else. An original naturalization certificate is the only record the Italian consulate will return to you.
The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has a record of all naturalization certificates (also called C-Files) issued after 1906. If the naturalization certificate was issued on or before April 1, 1952, you can request a copy of the naturalization certificate from the USCIS genealogy program. If the naturalization was issued prior to 1906, you'll likely need to go to the local court which issued it. If it was issued after April 1, 1952, you'll need to request the certificate using the Freedom of Information Act form which can be found here. If your relative is still alive and they do not have their naturalization certificate, you may need to have them submit a request, otherwise you'll likely need to send the USCIS their death certificate.
Prior to submitting your request, if you do not currently have the naturalization certificate number (which is typically 7 digits long) on other documentation, do a little searching online to see if you can find your ancestors naturalization index. If you can't find this number, consider trying to get records through one of the other organizations listed below first as they will typically include this number on the records they send you. Otherwise, you'll need to submit a search request before you can request the actual certificate. There is a fee for this service and it can take several weeks to get this information so finding this number can save quite a bit of time and expense. Once you have the certificate number, you can order the certificate online or via mail. It took them about 4 months to send my great grandfather's naturalization certificate from the time I submitted the request. About a month or so before receiving it, I received an email letting me know they had my request. If you are requesting the certificate from the genealogy program, they include the date range of records (based on when they were submitted) they are currently working on at the bottom of their website. Also, you cannot get a certified, true copy from the USCIS (unless your relative is still alive and requests it) therefore you will also likely need to request certified backup documentation from one of the other organizations that holds naturalization records as outlined below.
If you end up needing to do a search request, make sure you include alternate spellings of names and nick names as well as possible birth dates they may have used. Ask them include any "declaration of intention" or "petition for naturalization" records in their search. If you know your relative did not get naturalized or they cannot find the record, you can ask them to send you a statement of no record by following the instructions found here. If they do find the record, submit a separate request for them to send you the record using the instructions they provide to you. If they issue a "Record Not Found" because they either could not find the record or your relative was never naturalized, there are multiple other steps the Italian consulate requires you go through which I wrote about in the last paragraph here. The cost of this along with additional information can be found on the USCIS website.
There are three primary organization types outside of the USCIS that may hold naturalization records: National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), courthouses and county or state archive offices or historical societies. The organization you request them through will depend on where and when the naturalization certificate was issued. If you have a copy of the naturalization certificate or were able to find the index file online, it should include the court it was issued in. For example, U.S. District Court or District Court of "x" county or state. If it was issued at a U.S. District Court, you can go through the NARA. The NARA will occasionally have a few county and state records as well. There is no cost for the NARA to do a search and let you know if they have any records.
I went through the NARA for my great grandfather's naturalization record and found their customer service to be outstanding and the turn around to be quick. Make sure you request a certified copy. The cost for these through the NARA was $22.50 at the time of this writing. The NARA takes requests via email (usually {city firstname.lastname@example.com). After sending my initial request to the email@example.com email box, I did not hear back for 2 weeks so I contacted them. They were apologetic and I received a copy of the naturalization record within a week, free of charge. The NARA does not have the actual naturalization certificates. My packet included: a Certificate of Arrival, a Certificate of Loyalty, the Petition for Naturalization, an Affadavit of Witness and the Oath of Allegiance. The certificate number needed for the USCIS is in the Oath of Allegiance section. The packet was bound with a red ribbon and had a gold seal holding it in place certifying it.
There are satellite National Archives offices scattered throughout the U.S. that serve different regions. Contact the one that serves the location where the naturalization record was issued. If you do not know where the naturalization record was issued or who issued it, asking one of the National Archives offices to do a search is a good place to start. Make sure you let them know the different name variations the record could be under. A listing of all of the National Archives offices with a link to their respective websites with contact information can be found here: http://www.archives.gov/locations/.
If the naturalization was issued by a municipal, county or state court, you will probably need to go to the appropriate court or, in some cases, the county or state archive office or historical society. As with other search requests, if you don't know how your ancestors name was spelled on the naturalization certificate, be sure to include multiple spelling variations if applicable. If the records were sent to a historical society, request they also send you a custodial agreement or letter (signed by a registrar of records, with appropriate letter head and notarization) stating that the county or state released the naturalization documents to them. As with the NARA, make sure to request any records be certified.
If any of the organizations cannot find the record, you will want to request a statement of no record, signed by a custodian of records (ask them to include their title or include a statement that they have access to the register of naturalizations), with appropriate letterhead and notarization to include in the packet you give to the consulate. Also, if the NARA or county do not have the record, you may need to get a certified copy of the most recent census record after your first US-born relatives was born from the NARA. This should list both your Italian born relative and US born relative and indicate your Italian-born relative was still an Italian citizen by showing an al. (for alien) in the status column. For example, if your first US born relative was born in 1915, request a certified 1920 census listing them. You should be able to find an electronic copy online first making the search quicker and easier for the NARA. Other records that can help provide proof that your Italian born ascendant was still an Italian citizen when your U.S. born ascendant was born include World War I and World War II registrations, ship manifests, and voter list records.
As mentioned earlier, one thing which will make requesting a naturalization record easier is if you can find a copy of the naturalization record index online. The two websites where I have found them for my relatives are: FamilySearch.org and Ancestry.com. Family Search is free. Ancestry.com is subscription based, however, at the time of this writing, it offers a free two week trial. If you find this for your Italian relative, include the petition number in the body of your email to the NARA, local court or archives office and attach a copy of the index. This will help them locate the record quickly. Also, don't be shy about picking up the phone and calling these organizations if their website is not clear or you have questions. I have found most of the people I have spoken with want to help and seem to enjoy this part of their job.
Standard disclaimer: It is always a good idea to check the requirements of your specific consulate. The consulate occasionally changes the requirements and there may be variances between the consulates.


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Tag Archives: promise
AOFI and AOMUSIC Proudly Endorse These two Brilliant Causes!
AO Foundation International and AOMUSIC are proud to align with the vision and efforts of these two brilliant organizations. They each demonstrate to the world how to BE THE CHANGE in beautifully original and innovative ways. Please take a moment to peruse their sites and consider donating to their effectiveness. Thank you, Bless you!
AO Foundation International
Schools and Sustainable Villages
for all Children
Orphaned by Natural Disaster
We are finally beginning to manifest AO Foundation International. We are building the website and mounting a team to make this a reality. Once we receive our non-profit certification, we'll begin obtaining donations from philanthropists around the globe. Currently, Arcturian Gate donates 10% of its revenues from MP3 downloads to children of Haiti, orphaned by the hurricane. As we grow, we will be a one-stop resource for many of the GlobalGiving charities – particularly campaigns with initiatives for orphaned children of natural disasters. This is our first step toward something quite wonderful! Never underestimate the power of music!
Our Gratitude and Commitment Always,
Art Artists Biography Music Charities Children's Choral Ensembles Concerts Discography Downloads Free MP3 Interviews Literature Misc Group Photos Photos Press Regular Contributing Artists Reviews The AO Foundation The Children of AO Video
AOMUSIC – musical ambassador for Project Peace on Earth
AOMUSIC is proud to be recently appointed as
musical ambassador for Project Peace on Earth
a truly epic and historical event
a live performance and global telecast on 11.11.11
from Manger Square in Bethlehem, Palestine
Art Artists Biography Music Charities Children's Choral Ensembles Concerts Discography Downloads Free MP3 Interviews Literature Misc Group Photos Photos Press Regular Contributing Artists Reviews The AO Foundation The Children of AO Video Gannaway Stockley Oliver
a post from: Aomusic


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Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional vector space and $T:V\to W$ a linear transformation. Take $\{v_1,\dots,v_r\}$ to be a basis for $\ker T$, and complete this set into a basis $\{v_1,\dots,v_r,u_1,\dots,u_m\}$ of $V$. Taking the spans of $v_1,\dots,v_r$ and $u_1,\dots,u_m$ separately, we obtain $V=U_1\oplus U_2$ where $U_1$ is the kernel of $T$ and $U_2$. It's easy to see that the image of $T$ is isomorphic to $U_2$.
The question: is there a "nice" characterization of $U_2$ which does not involve completing the basis of the kernel? The kernel itself is defined in a very simple way: $\ker T=\{v\in V:T(v)=0\}$. Is there something similar for $U_2$?


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PO Box 677, 1555 255th St.
Sheffield, IA USA 50475-0677
T: 641.892.4222 E: firstname.lastname@example.com
Sukup Manufacturing Co. is a family-owned manufacturer of grain bins, grain dryers, material handling equipment and pre-engineered metal buildings. The world's fastest growing bin company and largest family-owned, full-line grain drying and storage equipment manufacturer, Sukup Manufacturing Co. is located in the heart of rich, Midwestern farmland. Since the introduction of our first stirring machine in 1963, we have been manufacturing products to make grain production more efficient for farmers.
Thank you for visiting our website.
Listed below are some useful links within our website:
Dealer Locator
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Labor's plan to fight back
Labor unions, stung by an unexpected setback in Michigan, where Republican Gov. Rick Snyder signed a right-to-work law Tuesday limiting their ability to collect dues, are eyeing a large-scale counteroffensive against the conservative state leaders who have slashed away at union power since the 2010 midterm elections.
For national labor groups, the upcoming gubernatorial elections in 2013 and 2014 may be a greater test of their political swat than even the 2012 presidential race. Democrats view unions as having played a key role in boosting turnout for President Barack Obama and other downballot candidates, especially in Midwestern battlegrounds such as Ohio and Michigan.
Story Continued Below
( PHOTOS: Right-to-work protests in Michigan)
It's those states — and others like them — that represent the next front of labor's national campaign agenda. Strategists in the Democratic and labor communities identified a half-dozen major battlegrounds that elected Republican chief executives and new GOP legislators in 2010 where they believe union muscle ought to be able to power a comeback over the next cycle.
"We're just going to have to be prepared to fight back like never before," said Lee Saunders, president of the public-sector labor giant AFSCME. "You look at Ohio, where you have a Republican governor and Republicans control the House and Senate, the same in Wisconsin, and we're just going to have to be prepared. Not only the labor unions in those states, but we're going to have to work very hard with our community partners. This is going to be a long-term battle."
( Also on POLITICO: Obama still opposes Mich. right-to-work law)
The AFL-CIO has already built up sizable campaign operations in Pennsylvania, Florida, Nevada and Wisconsin – the site of a titanic 2012 gubernatorial recall fight – in addition to Ohio and Michigan, union officials said. The labor giant deployed new staff to those states about a year ago as part of what AFL-CIO chief Richard Trumka has called the "permanent infrastructure" of national unions.
The idea was to bolster union-friendly candidates – including Obama – in 2012, and then plow on through to the 2014 cycle when any number of labor foes are on the ballot.
As this week's fight in Michigan shows, the central flashpoint for the union rights debate remains the Midwest. Labor leaders have vowed to make Snyder regret signing the "right to work" law he approved this week. Beyond Michigan, Ohio Gov. John Kasich and Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Corbett have appeared vulnerable in polling.
( Also on POLITICO: 5 things to know about Michigan right-to-work bills)
"We consider 2014 to be absolutely crucial," said AFL-CIO political director Michael Podhorzer, pointing to Snyder's anti-union push as a case in point: "These are politicians who aren't even listening to the results of the election. They have an agenda to not just destroy unions, but many of them go after immigrants. All of them go after voting rights. And giving them another four-year term is going to be horrific for the workers and citizens in those states."
While "there are governor's races, like [Rick] Scott in Florida, that are not in the Midwest that are extraordinarily important," Podhorzer said, "the big flip in 2010 occurred in the Midwest. If you wanted to somewhat arbitrarily say which region is going to see the most action, it's going to be the Midwest."


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The latest move by a Utah judge has served a Salt Lake City mega-carrier a taste of its own medicine. The "ugh!" could be heard all the way to OOIDA's Missouri headquarters. A new development in a class-action lawsuit destined to be remembered as one the greatest legal battles to uphold truth-in-leasing regulations asks C.R. England Inc., "How does it taste?"
In the case of OOIDA et al. v. C.R. England Inc., a federal judge in Utah ruled two years ago that the lease agreement C.R. England used with its owner-operators from the year 1998 through the summer of 2002 violated federal regulations in several respects, including by failing to specify markups on charge-back items and by forcing owner-operators to purchase administrative services from the carrier.
Judge Ted Stewart also held that C.R. England's lease violated the escrow provisions of the leasing regulations, and specifically found that the motor carrier had improperly managed thousands of truckers' escrow accounts.
The court ruled that the motor carrier must provide an accounting of what happened to those funds. In October 2008, Judge Stewart held that individual class members would be entitled to restitution, along with "payment of reasonable interest," if they had positive escrow balances after consideration of any allowed setoffs. The judge then referred the case to Magistrate Judge David Nuffer to oversee the disposition of individual class members' escrow claims.
One of the big issues facing the magistrate judge is exactly how much that rate of interest should be. OOIDA suggested that Utah's statutory legal interest rate of 10 percent be used. C.R. England argued that the 91-day Treasury bill rate should apply.
The magistrate judge used neither in his final decision. Judge Nuffer cited a paragraph included in a number of the motor carrier's own leases that use an 18 percent annual "finance charge" on balances overdue in the event that either party to the lease (the driver and C.R. England) defaulted on any amount due. Judge Nuffer ruled that class members who did not enter into leases containing an 18-percent default interest rate are entitled to the regulatory interest rate, or 91-day Treasury bill rate.
Those whose leases did contain the 18-percent default rate are entitled to restitution at the rate of 18 percent, or 1.5 percent per month, on escrow funds.
According to a court order filed in late May, C.R. England asserted that the 18 percent rate was "not reasonable."
But what is good for the goose is good for the gander is proverbial jurisprudence that has not gone out of style in Utah. Judge Nuffer wrote that "the Defendant should not be permitted to argue that its own form contract is unreasonable when that rate is applied to the Defendant."
"Our analysis indicates that class members who leased on with C.R. England between 2000 and the summer of 2002 signed contracts containing the 18 percent default rate," said David A. Cohen of The Cullen Law Firm, OOIDA's litigation counsel. "To the extent these drivers have positive escrow balances they will be entitled to 18 percent interest on their unreturned escrow funds."
Cohen cautioned, however, that C.R. England has indicated that it intends to appeal the magistrate judge's ruling to Judge Stewart.
The appeal will be filed the week of June 15, and Judge Stewart is likely to issue a ruling later this summer. OOIDA President and CEO Jim Johnston said the Association will vigorously oppose any attempt by C.R. England to overturn the magistrate judge's ruling that the company must pay 18 percent interest on improperly retained owner-operator escrow funds.
Johnston said that Judge Nuffer has issued an aggressive schedule on wrapping up the case, including a status report due in October 2009.
– By Sandi Soendker, managing email@example.com


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Bilingual picture books? Si, por favor!
Lilliana Gonzalez wants her daughters to be fluent in Spanish, and finds the Arte Kids series of board books a useful tool in learning basic concepts such as numbers, shapes and colors.
"I love it," she said of "1,2,3 Sí: A Numbers Book in English and Spanish," published last year as a collaboration between the San Antonio Public Library Foundation, the San Antonio Museum of Art and Trinity University Press. "I bought it because we are trying to raise our girls bilingual, and they really like the colors and the art."
Four-year-old Gabriella loves the depictions of sculpture, paintings and precious objects, says the San Antonio mom, and baby Anahi is spellbound by the bright reds, yellows and blues.
Following a Museum of Modern Art model, "1,2,3 Sí" uses works from the San Antonio museum's collections as visual clues to teach young children how to count.
The just-published second and third books in the Arte Kids series — "Colores Everywhere!" and "Hello Círculos!" — help youngsters learn their colors and shapes.
Orange, for example, is represented by renowned Oaxacan folk artist Manuel Jiménez's carved wood — y muy naranja — "Fox," while the square is exemplified by American abstract painter Frank Stella's "Double Scramble."
Like the first book, which has more than 60,000 copies in print, a portion of the proceeds from sales of "Colores Everywhere!" and "Hello Círculos!" benefits the San Antonio Public Library Foundation's Born to Read initiative, which puts books and a library card in the hands of parents of local newborns.
Marketing the Arte Kids series expands on the usual plan for a university press' selection of publications. The books are available not only at bookstores, gift shops and online, but nationwide at some Target stores. The first book in the series is available at all San Antonio H-E-B stores, as well as throughout the Central Texas region. An Arte Kids website and a tablet app is in the works.
"Everyone's appreciative of this kind of visual book," says Tom Payton, associate director of Trinity University Press. "The books are really fun, and yet they are visually challenging. There is a wide diversity of art to appeal to a wide diversity of people. And with the bilingual content, we've just had an overwhelming response."
Payton said "1, 2, 3 Sí" has done well on the awards circuit, too, winning the Moonbeam Children's Book Award Gold Medal (best board book), taking second place for best educational children's bilingual book in the International Latino Book Awards and getting into the finals of Foreword magazine Best Children's Book Award (picture books).
Initially, "1,2,3 Sí" was intended to be a single publication.
"We didn't think it would be a series at first," said Emily Jones, director of special projects at the San Antonio Museum of Art. "But the book has been so well-received that we decided to do more. The response has been tremendous. We try to choose objects that are on view at the museum and will likely remain on view because we want people to be able to come to the museum and see them in person."
Payton said at least two more books are planned for the Arte Kids series: on animals and contrast, or black and white.
Tracey Bennett, president of the library foundation, calls the partnership between the three local organizations "amazing."
"It doesn't happen often," she pointed out, "for three organizations to come together on such a successful venture. And the books allow kids not only to embrace a love of reading, but to develop an interest in art as well."
Hello Círculos! Shapes in English y Español
Colores Everywhere! Colors in English y Español
Edited by Madeline Budnick
Trinity University Press, $7.95
More Information


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Two Portland State University Architecture professors will unveil the first prototype of their new affordable, healthy, energy-efficient modular classroom Nov. 14 at Greenbuild 2012 in San Francisco, the world's largest green-building expo.
Professors Margarette Leite and Sergio Palleroni and their students designed the Smart, Academic, Green Environment (SAGE) classroom to use half the energy of the typical modular, increase the building's portability and improve indoor air and light. The prototype, manufactured by Blazer Industries in Aumsville, Oregon, will be showcased at San Francisco's Moscone Convention Center during the show and will eventually make its home as a working classroom in Oregon.
Notable design features include:
- An energy-recovery system that reduces the need for heating, ventilation and air conditioning;
- More and bigger windows to increase natural daylight, which stimulates learning;
- Increased airflow to reduce interior carbon dioxide, a problem in typical portables that reduces student health and performance;
- A steel floor structure to increase portability, making the unit less costly than a typical portable after one relocation; and
- Environmentally-safe building materials that don't leach toxins into the air.
The green portable costs just 15-20 percent more than a typical portable and is designed to create savings over time through increased portability, lower energy use and decreased absenteeism.
"This will be the healthiest affordable modular classroom in America," said Margarette Leite, an architecture professor at Portland State. "Every school district in the country could conceivably afford this classroom."
Leite initiated the project in 2009 with Palleroni, her husband and fellow architecture professor, in response to the quality of the portables in their own children's schools. School districts across the country have inquired about the classrooms. The Gervais School District north of Salem plans to use 20 of the classrooms to help develop a consolidated campus for its elementary, middle and high school students. The project has won a 2013 international SEED award for excellence in public interest design.
The design was completed this spring by a team including Portland State's Department of Architecture, the Green Building Laboratory at PSU, Oregon Solutions, the Institute for Sustainable Solutions, the American Institute of Architects (AIA), Aumsville-based portable manufacturer Blazer Industries, State of Oregon Building Codes Division, Portland Public Schools, and Energy Trust of Oregon, among others.
Blazer built the first classroom using donated materials and labor. A large national distributor of mobile buildings, Pacific Construction Services of Chehalis, Washington, a division of Pacific Mobile Structures, bought the prototype, which will be on display at the entrance to the Greenbuild 2012 conference in San Francisco, November 12-16. This unit will eventually make its way back to Oregon so the team can study the building's performance while in use as a classroom.
The governor's designation as an Oregon Solutions Project in 2011 put in motion a process that ensures collaboration between government, business and non-profits to meet project goals. Gov. John Kitzhaber appointed the Green Modular Classrooms team, facilitated by Oregon Solutions, and led by Dennis Wilde, Chief Sustainability Officer at Gerding Edlen Development.


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1. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumecookieglitch Sep 30, 2010 1:43 PM (in response to Cabe Atwell)4 of 4 people found this helpful
I use BatchPCB for prototypes, they are by no means the quickest (Around a month or two for a board depending on how busy they are), but the boards are good quality.
I am interested in finding any alternatives for similar a similar price, my thanks for any other information posted here!
2. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumefunkyeah Sep 30, 2010 1:46 PM (in response to Cabe Atwell)1 of 1 people found this helpful
The honest answer is that cheap and low volume basically do not go together when it comes to PCB fabrication.
Some fab houses will panelize your board along with other customer boards to reduce cost to you and them. They often require fairly strict rules about how many layers the board can be and what features your layout utilizes, such as drill and trace sizes. Even under this scenario it is essentially not possible that you will ever get to $2.00 a board. Advanced Circuits http://www.4pcb.com/ offers a barebones PCB service and PCB Express is often very price competetive for low volume "prototype PCBs" but even with them the lowest cost I have ever incurred was $10 per board for a simple 2-layer board that was only 2" square.
Your only other real alternative is to travel to China and find someone to make them for you there.
Electrical Engineer
3. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumetaylorjw_nc Sep 30, 2010 3:26 PM (in response to Cabe Atwell)5 of 5 people found this helpful
The only way to get a low cost PCB (<$2.00 apeace) and I am assuming that the PCB is 2" square is to either make them your self. Overseas is really not an option since they like to make PCB's in volume, large volume. Assembly is another issue, since it will probably cost you (at this volume) more than $2.00 per board, even if you supply the parts. It is really to low of a volume for automation.
If you are looking for the best value for prototype PCB's, I have found and use on a regular basis is 4pcb.com When you run their $33 (2 layer upto 60 sq-in) or $66 (4 layer upto 30 sq-in), you get a good deal. Even though you purchase 4 and get 5, I usually build a couple of prototypes and use one for reference. The boards are high quality prototype boards and you get them made in 5 days and with the online DFM, I think that it is a good deal. The Barebones I have not done since I can make my own barebones PCB's and like to have the silkscreen and legends for easier assembly.
If you price it out, you may add the option of scoring the PCB's and producing a "step and repeat" on the pcbs, you would have a quantity 150 of 2 in-sq boards at approx est. cost of $200.00. WIth this you wold have a PCB that would cost $1.33 each and you would have them in 5+ days. Not your 1 to 10 quantity, but a pcb that was < $2.00.
Electronic Design Engineer
4. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumeKennyMillar Sep 30, 2010 4:00 PM (in response to taylorjw_nc)3 of 3 people found this helpful
Here on the right hand side of the pond, we have firms like PCB-Pool which pool your board with others.
You just provide the board files (they'll take raw eagle .brd files) and tell them the dimensions, they give you a fixed price baed on turnaround speed.
For 8 days turnaround you pay a x1 price multiplier going up to about 3.5x for 1 day turnaround. However they are NOT cheap (despite the fact they include a free laser stencil).
They also quote prices in their advertising based on 1dm2 (1 deci meter squared, ie 10cm x 10cm) but on their site they talk in terms of eurocard sizes (10cm x 16cm). You add extra costs for silkscreen and solder mask (more if your board has surface mount since the soldermask is different both sides). PLUS being in ireland they have 21% VAT instead of the usual 17.5% in the UK (rising to 20% come january).
I too would like to find a low-cost beta service where I can get boards (with soldermask and laser stencil) at a price which makes prototyping worthwhile. Many of my clients have a hairy fit when I quote them for building one-off prototypes. I don't care too much about silkscreen at prototype time.
There are others like EuroCircuits and Spirit (both UK) but you need to do a lot of donkey work to get a quote out of them, and they like to send salesmen to chat to you too.
What we'd like (maybe it's impossible!) is for a low cost, fast turnaround service for prototype boards which is easy to use and reliable.
Surely the low-cost would equate to higher-utilisation and therefore costs would be met, but this being europe most price-setters seem to think if they are not making enough profit then the only solution is to put prices UP whereas in reality sometimes offering better value for money would result in more sales and therefore more profit then simple price hiking.
For comparison with US prices, in Europe, a 10cm x 10cm (4" x 4") board in SINGLE quantity, with soldermask and silkscreen, including VAT and Delivery in 9 days (8 day turnaround plus shipping) will cost €103.18 - that's approximately £90 or $140USD. For ONE small board!!!! Crikey. What would you pay in the US for the same thing?
5. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumemwill195 Sep 30, 2010 4:00 PM (in response to Cabe Atwell)4 of 4 people found this helpful
I have used a company called Olimex many times before and had great results for small batch 1 and 2 sided boards. They are based in Bulgaria but ship worldwide (I am based in the UK) and turnaround is normally 3-5 days plus shipping time (which depends on the method chosen). Prices include tooling, and the standard board specification is reasonable. They do offer additional board variants for a small extra cost.
For higher density / 4 layer / larger profile boards I have also used PCBtrain, which is a UK based company. This service offers more options on board specification, but also includes tooling so there are no additional costs. There is an online quote facility to get instant prices on your board spec. This company also quotes for small-batch surface mount assembly, although I have never used this service before.
6. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumeJorge_Garcia Sep 30, 2010 4:06 PM (in response to Cabe Atwell)1 of 1 people found this helpful
Checkout PCB-Pool,
They have a setup similar to BatchPCB(they're more expensive), however they have a much faster turnarounds as fast as 1 day. Cabe, I'm afraid no boardhouse will make fully assembled boards for less then 2.00 in 1-10 quantity, I've done a lot of research, if you can find someone please let me know so that I can use them.
I've been burned with poor quality boards from China, so unless you're going to do production runs, there are no gains by going to China to have your boards made.
The best way to make super cheap boards seems to be to make them yourself, however I can't vouch for that since I've never done it. Planning to do it soon though
Best Regards,
7. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumeDrew Fustini Jun 29, 2011 11:03 AM (in response to Cabe Atwell)2 of 2 people found this helpful
DorkbotPDX is a newer batch service managed and manufactured in the US:
It's just $5 per square inch (for three 2-layer boards). Thus 2 sq inch would be just $10 total for all 3 boards. Silk screen & solder mask included. Shipping is free in the US.
EAGLE .brd is accepted directly and a .dru file is provided for the DRC check. I'm using EAGLE and have never had a PCB manufactured before so that is a big help.
I just missed the June 28th batch, so I'm submitting for the July 11th batch. The turn around is 9 days from the submission deadline.
I'll post some pics of how the boards comes out.
8. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumeEavesdropper Jul 7, 2011 1:19 PM (in response to Drew Fustini)1 of 1 people found this helpful
Anyone know the element14 sponsored PCB service link? I can not seem to find it anymore.
9. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumeqstbck Jul 17, 2011 7:24 AM (in response to Cabe Atwell)1 of 1 people found this helpful
I'm from Switzerland and I regularly use pcbcart.com (based in China).
5 pcs. of a 2 layer 50mm x 50mm board with silkscreen legend on both sides cost about 80$ (8$ / pcs. + 1 time tooling costs of 40$). You can reorder boards another time with no additional tooling costs, even if you made some changes to the silkscreen!
10 pcs. of the same specifications cost about 95$ (5.5$ / pcs. same tooling costs).
Standard lead time are 8 days upon received payment and board files (protel, Altium, Eagle and gerber files are accepted and some others). It doesn't matter if there's a weekend in between. They take 8 days, not business days!
Shipment costs are between 20$ ad 30$ depending on the delivery method you choose.
The quality is very good and if they screw up, they deliver more boards than ordered with no extra cost.
10. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumeEavesdropper Jul 19, 2011 3:56 PM (in response to qstbck)1 of 1 people found this helpful
How about a cheap homeland options? In the USA, UK, Germany, etc...
11. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumeDrew Fustini Jul 19, 2011 4:14 PM (in response to Eavesdropper)1 of 1 people found this helpful
I found out when chatting with Laen who runs DorkbotPDX PCB (http://dorkbotpdx.org/wiki/pcb_order) that they are manufactured by Amitron Corp in Elk Grove Village (right outside of Chicago).
Also, I got barebones done by Sunstone in Oregon (http://www.sunstone.com). Final total for two 1"x2" 2-layer boards was $41 and arrived on time 2 weeks after ordered.
12. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumePantelis Jul 19, 2011 7:21 PM (in response to Cabe Atwell)1 of 1 people found this helpful
I recently discovered Iteadstudio.com They have standard sizes and services, but they offer good quality and they claim to go down to 6mils line width and spacing. I tried them on 8 mils and they did a good job.
Price example: 10cm x 10cm dual layer, 2xsoldermask 2xsilkscreen 28,00$ (and now on offer for 24,90$) plus shipping.
I have also tried Olimex mentioned above, average quality but acceptable nonetheless. My choice for the options that iteadstudio doesn't cover.
13. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumeThomas Jepsersen Aug 17, 2011 4:23 AM (in response to Cabe Atwell)5 of 5 people found this helpful
For double layer PCBs with a size of, or smaller than 10cm x 10cm I can definitely recommend Seeedstudio.
Their PCB service, Fusion PCB, is identical to the iTeadStudio, but Seeedstudio seems to be more professionel and faster, and there is no price difference. Besides of that Seeedstudio also have free international shipping on orders over $50.
The price of 10pcs double layer 5cm x 5cm is $9.90. The price of 10pcs double layer 10cm x 10cm is $24.90.
The service includes E-Test on 50% (5pcs), and the standard soldermask color is green, but it can be changed to anything else for $10 for all 10 items.
I have used Seeedstudio for most of my PCB projects when the PCB size is less than or equal to 10cm x 10cm. You can buy bigger PCBs thru their service, but the price is not that competitive anymore when the sizes exceeds 10cm x 10cm.
Best Regards
Thomas Jespersen
14. Re: Cheapest PCB makers, low volumeamanjotmultani Sep 8, 2011 4:55 AM (in response to Cabe Atwell)2 of 2 people found this helpful
good work carry on
|Original Post
|Updated Info
Many engineers I know all want to fabricate PCBs for the custom, prototype, or one of a kind projects, but they often can not afford to have them printed at the volume many board houses require.
What are some cheap PCB printing services out there?
Personally, I am looking for board houses that will print 1 - 10 boards for less than 2 dollars a piece. Component placement services a plus!
Any help would be appreciated.
Since this conversation has been around since 2010, we've decided to freshen it a bit with updated information below.
A comprehensive guide to Getting Started Designing Your First PCB
PCB Terminology you may need to (want to) know can be found in the PCB Glossary
Here are some PCB Manufacturers recommended by element14.com.


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We have already explained the main elements that are essential for the creation of a mind map. So, this time we would like to introduce you to the main fields where you can use mind mapping and to the actual technique of how to use mind mapping.
Let's explore some clear examples of how you can use mind mapping depending on the field you are teaching.
For educational users, mind maps can be used in a variety of ways, such as:
For business users, mind maps can take the shape of any project or analysis they want to undertake on their own or with a team:
Mindomo with its intuitive and clean interface will help you discover how to mind map and structure any information around you.
What are the basic steps on how to mind map a particular subject? If you have a large text or piece of information that you want to summarize this is your best shot.
How to produce a mind map on any given topic? Start with the central topic and expand your ideas by adding main topics around it and then subtopics to make it more complex.
This is a simple example for starters who want to know "how to mind map". Like any beginning, it may be difficult at first to imagine the layout of your ideas and have them placed into topics on a mind map. However, once you start off, your ideas will come alive automatically, developing into well-structured mind maps. Separating ideas into branches may be the best and most efficient way for you to focus on specific parts of your mind map.
As you start developing different stages within a project or plan of action imagine that you can visualize all the steps by creating multi maps in the same location. You can bring all your ideas in one place and have your team add on to your strategy by simply assigning tasks to each team member depending on the role they are having. Just think about it. You are about to start creating a plan for your business, and this means a lot of details. It's much easier to have all information in one place, then have it separate and split in various mind maps or among different service providers.


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While the rumour mill works overtime cranking out the names of potential frontrunners for the Fifty Shades of Grey movie (Ryan Gosling and Amanda Seyfried? Kristen Stewart and Alexander Skarsgard? Ian Somerhalder and Emilia Clarke?), one thing's for certain: The publishing phenom has spawned an entire sub-industry looking to cash in on the Fifth Shades craze, running the gamut from erotic weekend getaways to "naughty" classical music collections.
Obviously there's the Heathman Hotel in Portland, Oregon, name-checked in E.L. James' first book as the scene of Christian and Anastasia's initial tryst.
Among the upgrades they're offering are the "Inner Goddess Addition," which is essentially a bottle of pinot gris, and the Charlie Tango No Limits package, which includes a helicopter tour of the city, dinner and snacks at the hotel restaurant and limo transfers.
That'll set you back about $2,750 plus you have to supply your own uh, supplies.
Here in Los Angeles, that 40-year-old institution known as The Pleasure Chest — which has been enjoying a significant spike in mommy porn business thanks to the novels — will be more than happy to accommodate.
They've even been offering Fifty Shades of Pleasure workshops to meet the demand.
The more prudish, teetotaler set might prefer Fifty Shades of Earl Grey tea, offered by Adagio Teas, which seduces with rooibos leaves, orange peel and marigold flowers.
While sipping the sultry brew, they can be serenaded by 66 Must-Have Sensual Classics (offered on Amazon), a classical musical collection that includes such selections as Bolero, Love Duet (from La Boheme) and, oooh, Sabre Dance.
Of course, we haven't forgotten Shades of Gray luxury kitchen and bath décor that tease with a Laufen washbasin with "seductive curves" and "edgy" Graff faucets in brushed nickel.
And that's not counting the obvious spoofs, like Fifty Shades of Chicken, a cookbook (by F. L. Fowler), featuring a provocatively-trussed bird on the cover.
Meanwhile, unsurprisingly, reality TV has gotten into the act, sending out a casting call for real-life Anastasia Steeles, on the lookout for candidates ranging from "the veteran submissive to a young lady interested in the lifestyle."
It's all enough to make you want to scream, "Stop!"


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Don�t miss your chance to enjoy tasty homemade pies at the 18th Annual Pie Tastin � celebration, sponsored by Gaston County Extension and Community Association (ECA).
The event will be held from 11:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. Friday at the Lucile Tatum Center, 959 Osceola St, Gastonia. The cost is $5, which includes a sample of all pies, beverages, and a recipe booklet.
All proceeds will support community projects supported by Gaston County ECA. Register for Pie Day calling 704-865-3291 or email email@example.com . Registration is preferred, but walk-ins are welcome!
Gaston County ECA is a volunteer organization of NC Cooperative Extension and is celebrating 100 years of community service since 1913. Pie Tastin � Day will feature numerous pies freshly made by ECA members with varieties including meat, vegetable, dessert, and reduced-calorie options at this annual event.
There is much rich, local history behind Gaston County ECA. The volunteer organization resulted from North Carolina being one of six southern states to pioneer home demonstration work.
In 1911, NC State University hired Jane McKimmon to organize girls� tomato clubs across the rural parts of the state, teaching girls how to plant, grow and can tomatoes. Mothers were very excited about activities of the tomato clubs (1912-1920) and wanted to have programs of their own.
As a result, during 1913 Jane McKimmon and the Cooperative Extension agents in the 14 counties started home demonstration clubs for farm women. Agents were trained to go into rural areas and demonstrate homemaking techniques, mainly food preservation and clothing construction, to isolated farm women.
The NC Organization of Home Demonstration Clubs (1920-1966) was officially organized to extend Home Economics Extension programming into communities across the state. Later, Negro Home Demonstration Clubs of North Carolina (1940-1946) were formed. These two groups merged in 1967 to form the North Carolina Extension Homemakers Association, Inc. (1967-2000) and continued to extend delivery of programs across the state.
In 2000, this vital organization became the North Carolina Extension and Community Association (ECA) and continues to be an important partner with Cooperative Extension.
Although the name and work may have changed through the years, ECA�s mission has stayed the same � to empower individuals and families to improve their quality of living through continuing education, leadership development, and community service. Gaston County ECA continues to support our county through a variety of club projects and activities.
With approximately 100 members who comprise of nine clubs, Gaston County ECA partners with NC Cooperative Extension and community organizations.
Recently, members made and provided tote-bags with nonperishable food and toiletries to all 160 participants of Meals on Wheels. While working with NC Cooperative Extension, ECA provided radon awareness information and testing kits to county residents. ECA members also make baby quilts and surgical pillows for babies and surgical patients of Gaston Memorial Hospital.
Tomato Clubs may be a thing of the past, but there are still many projects and services to be done by Gaston County ECA. Gaston County ECA offers many ways for you to be a part of the next one hundred years of making a difference throughout our community.
To learn more about Gaston County ECA contact Pam Bryson at 704.865.3291 or firstname.lastname@example.com .
Visit Gaston County Cooperative Extension (gaston.ces.ncsu.edu) for a variety of resources to support families through health, education, and economic information online at www.gaston.ces.ncsu.edu.
Linda Minges is a registered dietitian with NC Cooperative Extension.