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pure night
Restore skin luminosity and maximise PowerBright TRx™ results with this rich, nighttime moisturiser. It helps reduce the appearance of brown spots and uneven skin tone while you sleep with an active blend of skin-brightening agents. Oligopeptide, brightening Vitamin C, Niacinamide and Zinc Glycinate help control melanin (pigment) formation and hyperpigmentation, while Pumpkin enzyme smooths the skin. Cranberry and Raspberry Seed oils help restore critical barrier lipids, optimising skin hydration and reducing the appearance of fine dehydration lines. White Bird of Paradise Seed Extract helps increase skin luminosity while collagen-stimulating Vitamin C and Moth Bean Seed Extract fight signs of aging. Formulated without artificial fragrances, colours or parabens.
- paraben
- gluten
- cruelty
- Vegan
- no artificial fragrances
and colours
- Provides unsurpassed brightening and skin tone improvement while you sleep
- Helps improve barrier protection against moisture loss
- Helps strengthen the skin against environmental damage
how to use
quick tip
talk to a dermalogica expert
Water/Aqua/Eau, Cyclopentasiloxane, Methylheptyl Isostearate, Butylene Glycol, Dimethicone, Cetyl Alcohol, Isohexadecane, Cetearyl Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate Citrate, Cetearyl Ethylhexanoate, Cetyl Caprylate, Rubus Idaeus Seed Oil, Vaccinum Macrocarpon Seed Oil, Vigna Aconitifolia Seed Extract, Strelitzia Nicolai Seed Aril Extract, Oligopeptide-34, Lactobacillus/Pumpkin Fruit Ferment Filtrate, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Niacinamide, Cananga Odorata Flower Oil, Tocopherol, Beta Sitosterol, Zinc Glycinate, Decyl Glucoside, Polysilicone-11, Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, Hydrogenated Phosphatidylcholine, Potassium Cetyl Phosphate, Glyceryl Caprylate, Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Dimethiconol, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Aminomethyl Propanol, Disodium EDTA, Ethylhexylglycerin, Phenoxyethanol.
We are dedicated to maintaining the accuracy of the ingredient lists on this website. However, because ingredients are subject to change, we cannot guarantee that these lists are complete, up-to-date and/or error-free. For an accurate listing of ingredients in each product, please refer to your product packaging.
PowerBright TRx®
Brighter skin, without compromise.
PowerBright TRx™ is the product of several years of research on melanin biosynthesis and skin brightening by the skin health experts at Dermalogica and The International Dermal Institute.
Designed to be layered onto the skin for optimum efficacy, PowerBright TRx™ works around the clock to banish brown spots, discoloration and uneven skin tone for your brightest skin ever.
how it works
Brown spots, discoloration and uneven skin tone are all signs of hyperpigmentation, the treatment of which is a multi-faceted process. When integrated into your Dermalogica regimen, PowerBright TRx™ uses skin-brightening agents to control hyperpigmentation and eliminate dark spots while UV-boosting technology helps protect against future hyperpigmentation.
- Just bought my secondIm buying my second lot, so it must be great. It does work and does reduce pigmentation. It leaves my skin smoother than it was and brighter.9/06/2018
- Sooo smooth!I already have pretty smooth clear skin but this product definitely makes my skin feel extra soft and smooth!19/02/2018
- Absorbs well and combats dark spotsI use this product as well as the Pure Light moisturiser for my hyper pigmentation, and after only a few weeks I've noticed that my skin tone is much more even. The cream feels rich and luxurious but absorbs quickly and leaves no oily residue. Can't wait to see what my skin looks like in another few weeks!17/10/2017
- Fantastic productI have been using this night cream for a week now and my skin is smoother and more luminous in the morning. The cream is non greasy and absorbs well. After application your skin feels light and smooth which is perfect when you are off to bed. Looking forward to seeing more results with use.6/06/2017
- Great moisturiserI love this moisturizer - it feels great on the skin and gets absorbed really quickly. My face feels moisturised but not oily at all.13/02/2017
- Best night cream everLove this night cream, light and absorbs nicely. Will definitely purchase again!18/01/2017
- Love it!The best night cream for my somewhat dry skin and at the same time it's great for my pigmentation which had lighten up since I started using it about 2-3 months ago with the C-12 Serum. It's non greasy yet rich enough to make the skin feel soft and hydrated. This is one of the best product from Dermalogica.5/03/2016
- My skin feels amazing after applicationI love this product, it would definitely be the best night cream I have tried. Absorbs quickly and leaves skin feeling silky smooth.30/11/2015
- An awesome night creamThis has to be the best night cream! After only a short time using it my skin is so much better - way better complexion. Really rate the pure night cream - it's my favourite!!3/09/2015
- Great night creamI have started using this product at night and my skin seems to have tightened and is smoother. I use Super rich repair in the morning and this at night and my skin seems to be looking younger as time goes on. I would highly recommend this product to any one having problem skin. There is a huge difference to my skin since I start using these products. Thank you dermalogica I will definitely keep using your products.5/08/2015
- A lovely night cream if you have pigmentationBeing of Indian descent I am particularly susceptible to hyper pigmentation and have it on my forehead and cheeks . Since I started using the Power bright system I have been pleased to see the pigmentation has started to fade. It is still there but noticeably reduced. The Pure Night cream absorbs quickly and makes my skin feel soft and dewy without clogging it or making it oily. It is not highly perfumed and does not affect my sleep. A lovely night cream.1/08/2015
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Sinking feeling: Quicksand can swallow cities
DRAWING BY DEBORAH DERR McCLINTOCK
Q. Earthquakes have been known to rubble a city in seconds. Has quicksand ever swallowed a metropolis whole? L. O. Arabia
A. The two in fact can work together, as happened when a 1964 earthquake in Japan produced wholesale liquefaction of a sandy area in the city of Niigata, causing apartment blocks to subside and fall over, while remaining more or less intact, says Roger Suthren, geologist at Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Long ago, a couple of Egyptian cities were apparently built on unstable, wet ground on the Nile delta, and eventually slid out to sea, as described by New Scientist magazine. "Their remains were discovered recently offshore," says Suthren.
Liquefaction occurs when water-saturated sandy soil near the ground surface is shaken and temporarily acts like quicksand. Together with landslides, this is a common secondary earthquake hazard, reports "Business Wire."
To observe the process in miniature, suggests environmental fluid dynamicist David Pritchard of the University of Cambridge, England, fill a jar half full of water and half of fine sand, seal and let the mix set to firmness. Now open, and gently "seat" a few coins on the surface; then bang the side of the glass with a knife. The vibration (earthquake) will sink the coins (cities).
Q. Looking at the restaurant menu, you note many prices ending in "99." Where are you? Next place you stop, the prices more often end in "00." Later– maybe a lot later– you see menu prices ending with an "8," never a "9" or a "4." That's odd. Where in the world are you now? P. T. Fogg
A. Price endings of "99" are called "odd-pricing," or "just below pricing," commonly used in North America to connote price-discounting or bargain items, says Ohio State University hospitality management professor H. G. Parsa.
So in the first instance you'd likely be at a fast-food (quick-service) restaurant, then at your next stop a full-service family restaurant or an institutional dining setting. Consumers associate prices ending in "00" or "55" with quality, and "99" with value, says Parsa. These effects can be deliberate or subtle, influencing choice of restaurant or item selections.
Europeans and Asians mostly don't odd-price on their menus. The Chinese have for centuries been prohibited from using "9" endings, a number reserved for the emperor, says Parsa. Instead, many prices there end in "8," the next highest digit. They also don't use "4," considered an unlucky number. For this last stop, then, you may well have boarded a jet to dine far, far from home.
Q. If we humans have been evolving for millions of years, why aren't we perfect by now? When will we be? E. Post
A. Natural selection cannot produce perfection, with us, seals, peacocks, anything, say Neil Campbell and Jane Reece in Biology:
Reason #1. What went before limits what can happen now. Nature cannot scrap ancestral anatomy and start anew, but must adapt using longstanding forms. For example, our common, excruciating back problems result in part from the incompatibility of the human upright posture imposed on an anatomy of four-legged ancestors.
#2. Each organism must do many varied things, such as seals sunning themselves on rocks where flippers make for terrible locomotion, then swimming with those marvelously adapted paddles. Human hands and limbs too are a wonder of versatility and athleticism, but by the same token are prone to sprains, torn ligaments, dislocations.
#3. Chance affects the gene pool more than was once believed, such as winds blowing insects to another place, and not just those best suited to the new environment.
#4. Even if the fittest survive to pass on their genes, "they are only better-than specimens, not the ideal best."
On the other hand, culture can be perfected– work on it!
Send Strange questions to brothers Bill and Rich at email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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From Narita Airport:
60 min by Narita Express to Shinagawa Station.
80min by Airport Limousine bus to The Strings Hotel by InterContinental Tokyo.
From Haneda Airport (Tokyo International Airport):
16 min by Keikyu line to Shinagawa Station.
30min by Airport Limousine bus to Shinagawa Prince Hotel.
Direct connection from Konan Exit of Shinagawa Station on JR Line and Keikyu Line.
Shinagawa Station Takanawa Exit (West exit) Bus
Terminal (5 min walk):
Shinagawa Station East Exit (Konan Exit) Bus Terminal (3 min walk):
Within 5 minutes walking distance:
Recommended lunch places:
TRATTORIA ITALIA (Italian)
Tel +81 3 5782 8777
OUTBACK BAR & GRILL (Steak house)
Tel +81 3 5798 3501
TSUKIJI SUSHIKO (on TripAdvisor)
Tel +81 3 5463 0505
CHINA SHADOW (Chinese)
Tel +81 3 5783 1257
THE DINING (French)
Tel +81 3 5783 1258
Ask if they have unique-password, rocket-fast WiFi – For your security.
Ask to be connected to the internet – How long does it take?
Ask if the provider is Tier-1.
Ask to be allowed to check download speeds.
Ask to speak to IT support: Are they in-house or a third party? Are they even in the country?
Ask to be given a phone number so you can try the service before you buy.
Ask for a phone rate card.
Ask to meet your dedicated receptionist. The receptionist is the front line of your business.
Ask about disaster transfer.
Ask if your phone extension can roam at no cost to other locations.
Ask if the wireless internet is secure.
Ask what kind of firewall can be set up for your network.
Ask to see the transparency code of the provider.
Ask if incoming callers can dial '1' for voicemail to mobile.
Ask if you can get free calls equal to your connection amount.
Ask if your phone bill is 20% lower than telco rate.


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The Auburn Tigers are flying high, currently undefeated in the SEC and poised to make an appearance in the BCS title game if they can maintain their current winning streak. However, a scandal is brewing on the horizon that could wipe away a memorable season and throw the football program into disarray.
A former Mississippi State player has stated that a person who claimed to be representing Tigers star Cam Newton attempted to solicit cash in exchange for the quarterback's signed letter of intent during his recruitment out of junior college last year, reports ESPN.
According to John Bond, a MSU quarterback in the early 1980s, a former teammate of his, Kenny Rogers, contacted him following Newton's official visit to the school last year and indicated that the player could be had, for a price.
"He said it would take some cash to get Cam," Bond said in an interview with ESPN. "I called our athletic director, Greg Byrne, and he took it from there. That was pretty much it."
Rogers, who played at Mississippi State from 1982 to 1985, runs a Chicago-based company called Elite Football Preparation, that, according to a 2008 Birmingham News story, "matches high school athletes with college programs."
Bond said Rogers told him that other schools had offered up to $200,000 for Newton, but since the quarterback expressed his desire to play for the Bulldogs, that MSU would only have to offer $180,000.
Bond said he brought the issue to light in order to keep his alma mater's name clean.
"I have no agenda other than protecting Mississippi State," he said. "We've done what we were supposed to do from the very beginning. Mississippi State has done nothing wrong, and I've done nothing wrong. It's been handed off to the NCAA, and it's in their hands now. I don't know what happened at Auburn. I don't know why he went to Auburn. That's not my concern. My concern is Mississippi State and making sure this doesn't cause us any trouble."
Newton's father, Cecil, denied any wrongdoing.
"It's not true," he said of the alleged scheme. "The allegations are completely unfounded, and we've retained an attorney. That's all I can say at this time."
Both the SEC and Auburn have known about the situation since July, but Newton has not been punished by the school as no evidence of wrongdoing has been found to date.
"I will say this very loud and clear," said Tigers head coach Gene Chizik on his call-in show November 4. "Cam Newton is eligible at Auburn University. Period. End of story."
Numerous reports, including a recent article in Sports Illustrated, noted that Newton favored Mississippi State throughout his recruitment, but that his father favored Auburn. Cameron let his father make the final decision and he chose Auburn last December 23.


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LEXINGTON, Ky. (WKYT) - The Kentucky football Wildcats are still searching for their first Southeastern Conference win when Vanderbilt rolls into Commonwealth Stadium on Saturday.
UK offensive line coach Mike Summers says the Wildcat offensive line has played well all season, despite playing with four different quarterbacks this year.
Coach Joker Phillips said UK's line play benefits from two seniors: Matt Smith at center and Larry Warford at guard.
Phillips says each week he pulls video clips from some of his team's best offensive plays and Smith and Warford usually are in each. Phillips says the other offensive linemen are benefiting, because they strive to make the cut, too.
"Larry is a really good football player," Phillips said, noting that both Warford and Smith will be in someones NFL camp. "I think it's rubbed off on some of those other guys up front."
When NFL scouts watch the Wildcats, usually they're there to see Warford.
"Larry is the first guy that everybody talks about," Phillips said. "He's a guy that's projected high. He's one of the two best guards in the country."
Warford played at Madison Central High School in Richmond. He has played in 44 career games, making 34 consecutive starts. Warford is on the Outland Trophy and Lombardi Watch Lists for the nation's best interior lineman.


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MORE THAN 80 classic MG automobiles from the 1930s, '40s and '50s roared and rumbled their way into Middlebury last week for a New England MG T Register club gathering. Check out the story here.
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December temperatures have mostly been above average in Addison County, but over the last week, nighttime temperatures in the low 20s have caused the formation of some beautiful ice formations on local rivers and streams.
Vermont's rivers and streams do not freeze solid, even during the coldest winter nights, and areas of fast-moving water like the falls in Middlebury remain open all year. However, the amount of water in rivers may drop dramatically in the winter, because aboveground sources of water freeze and only seeps and springs continue to flow. The ice formations here were created when ice started forming along the Middlebury River, and the water level dropped, leaving large crystals and layers of ice exposed to the air.
More pictures of ice formations are available on my Flickr account here, and I'll upload additional photos as cold conditions continue.
Today is rather warm by December standards, with scattered rain showers forecast throughout the day. However, by this weekend, we may experience something we haven't seen in a while - below average temperatures, with even the high temperatures staying below freezing. Today's rain will probably raise the level of the river a bit, and it will drop right back down this weekend, creating more beautiful ice formations. I suspect that the same will happen along any fast-moving river or stream in the area.
One VERY important thing to keep in mind: the unusually warm conditions of the last few months have led to much thinner than usual ice on the local rivers and lakes. Enjoy the ice formations along our waterways, but do NOT attempt to walk or skate on the ice. If you are in the mood for ice skating, please enjoy a manmade ice skating rink and save the outdoor ice skating, ice fishing, and wetland exploration until after the ice is much, much thicker.
Charlie Hohn is a recent graduate of the UVM Field Naturalist graduate program. He has been closely watching the weather ever since he was a child in southern California. Charlie will be posting occasional blog posts here about Addison County weather. He also maintains a blog about water at slowwatermovement.blogspot.com.


text: Do you like the idea of learning about the latest computer and internet technologies? Information technology (IT) majors study just that, and furthermore, they discover how to take that knowledge and use it to help businesses and organizations function optimally. The information technology major both overlaps with and complements the computer science major. While computer science courses generally involve the fundamentals, principles, and theoretical aspects of computer systems, information technology courses focus on the practical aspects of design, deployment, integration, and management of those computer systems.During their studies, information technology majors have tons of exposure to computer and network systems. They become fluent in the use of computer hardware and software, the life cycles of systems development, and the application of information systems. They also learn how to analyze problems within organizations and offer solutions to both fix those problems and to create, sustain, and advance performance.Information technology majors graduate prepared for a wide variety of positions, which often involve setting up, utilizing, and troubleshooting computer and network systems and finding ways to improve them.Most information technology majors have a bachelor's degree; however, there are many positions available for those with an associate's degree or professional certification. Some information technology programs offer a concentration or track that allows students to focus their studies on either software/computer development or network development.


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The Geosynthetics Industry Calendar hosts information regarding a variety of international events: conferences, workshops, meetings, symposia, webinars and other gatherings and training opportunities of interest to work with or intersecting geosynthetics. The editors welcome your event submissions.
Also, signup for our biweekly newsletter (top right).
100-year storm event 10ICG 11 ICG 11ICG 11th International Conference on Geosynthetics 15ARC 15th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 19th ICSMGE 2017 EurAsian Geotextiles Symposium 2017 NZ Contaminated Land Conference 2nd Contaminated Land Conference 2nd Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils 32nd International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management 34 Baugrundtagung 3rd International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics 68th Canadian Geotechnical Conference 6th Asian Regional Conference on Geosynthetics 6th International Symposium of Deformation Characteristics of Soils 70th Canadian Geotechnical Conference 7ICEG 7th Brazilian Symposium on Rock Mechanics 7th Canadian Permafrost Conference 8th South American Conference on Rock Mechanics AASHTO Abigail Beck ABMS abstracts Abu Dhabi ACG ACIGS Adforum ADSC AEMA Africa African infrastructure ag film AGC aggregate reduction AGHP agricultural film agricultural waste agricultural water Agriculture Agru America AGS ALGA algae American Exploration and Mining Association American Public Works Association AMI AMI Consulting Amsterdam Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp Anaerobic Digesters anaerobic digestion Appalachia Applied Market Information approved installation contractor APWA ARA Argentina ASCE Asia asphalt reinforcement Association of Geohazard Professionals ASTM ASTM D5321 ASTM D6243 ASTM International Auckland AusIMM Australasia Australasian Land and Groundwater Association Australia Australian Centre for Geomechanics Australian Geomechanics Society avalanche engineering backfill drainage barrier geosynthetics barrier systems Baugrundtagung bauma 2016 beach renourishment beach restoration bearing capacity Belo Horizonte beneficial end use beneficial reuse berms Best Management Practices bioeconomy bioenergy biofuels biomass bitumen bitumenous coating blown film geomembranes BMPs Bonn brasil Brazil Brazilian Committee of Rock Mechanics Brazilian Geotechnical Society Brazilian infrastructure bridge abutments bridges brownfields Buenos Aires bulk liquid storage BW Expo 2017 CAMSIG XXII Canada Canadian Geotechnical Society canal liners Canal3 canals capping capping systems caps Cartagena 2016 CBMR CCL CCR management CCRs certification certified welding technician CGS Chile China Chris Hardin Chungsik Yoo CISEC civil engineering CIWM climate change closure ClosureTurf CMA CMS4S CNC-IPA CNITA coal ash coal ash and geosynthetics Coal Ash Management Forum coal combustion residuals coal seam gas Coast Expo coastal engineering coastal protection COBRAMSEG COBRAMSEG 2014 cold regions cold regions engineering Colorado Comité Français des Géosynthétiques compacted clay compliance composite geogrids composite geotextiles CON/AGG CONEXPO Congreso Iberoamericano de Control de Erosion Congress on Technical Advancement consolidation construction construction conferences construction equipment Construction Expo 2017 construction inspection construction inspection and monitoring Construction Quality Assurance container terminals containment containment applications containment design containment systems Contaminated Land Conference contaminated lands contaminated soils Contamination Expo Series contracting corrugated plastic pipe cover systems covered geomembranes covers CPESC CQA CQA Week CQC Craig Benson crude oil crusher walls CWT Program D35 D7953 dam engineering dam failures dams Dan Currence Daniele Cazzuffi debris flow deep foundations Deep Foundations Institute Deep Mining 2014 deep mixing design design tools Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geotechnik dewatering dewatering tubes DFI DGGT dipole method direct shear disaster response Dov Leshchinsky drainage dredged sediments dredging Durability earth retaining structures earthworks East Coast Erosion Control EasyFairs EBGEO economics ECSMGE 2015 ECSMGE 2019 Edana education Egypt electric utilities electrical leak location electricity ELL Elmia embankment design embankment stabilization embankments embankments on soft soils Energy energy geotechnics energy recovery engineering engineering webinars Environmental Connection Environmental Connection 2015 Environmental Connection 2016 Environmental Connection 2017 environmental pollution environmental protection EPA EPA Region 4 equipment EREF Erosion Control erosion control products Eurocode 7 EuroGeo EuroGeo 6 Europe European Conference on Soil Mecahnics and Geotechnical Engineering Events EVOH EWRI ExcelPlas exposed geomembranes fabricated geomembrane Fabricated Geomembrane Institute fabrication failure analysis farms FDOT Featured Event Federal Highway Administration Federation of New York Solid Waste Associations FedIGS FGI FHWA filter fabrics Filtermat filtration flat die geomembranes flexible geomembranes flood control flood management flooding floods fly ash FMGM 2015 forensic engineering Fortrac foundation foundation improvement foundations France fuel depots fuel tank farms fuel tanks Future of Slope Stability in Africa 2015 gabion walls gabions gas GCL GCLs GEC Gecamin Geo-Institute GEO-STR 2016 Geo-Structures 2016 GeoAfrica GeoAfrica 2017 GeoAmericas GeoAmericas 2016 GeoAsia GeoAsia 6 GeoBarrier geocomposite drainage geocomposites Geofabrics Australasia geofilters geofoam geogrid geogrid reinforcement geogrids geohazard mitigation geohazards geokunststoffe geologic hazards GeoME 2015 GeoMEast 2018 geomechanics geomechnics geomembrane geomembrane applications geomembrane capping systems geomembrane fabrication geomembrane installation geomembranes GeoOttawa 2017 GeoQuebec 2015 GeoRegina 2014 GeoReinforcement George Koerner Geosintec 2 Geosintec Iberia Geosperu GeosPeru 2017 Geosyntec geosynthetic barriers Geosynthetic Clay Liners geosynthetic composites geosynthetic installation Geosynthetic Institute geosynthetic lining systems geosynthetic reinforcement Geosynthetica geosynthetics Geosynthetics 2017 Geosynthetics 2018 geosynthetics in Asia geosynthetics in road construction geosynthetics in transportation Geosynthetics Interest Group of South Africa Geosynthetics Middle East geosynthetics seminars geosynthetics testing Geotechnical geotechnical design geotechnical engineering geotechnical engineers Geotechnical Frontiers 2017 geotechnics geotechniques geotextile encased columns geotextile filter geotextile filtration geotextile manufacturing geotextile sleeves geotextile tubes geotextiles Germany GIGSA Global Geosynthetics Summit Global Waste Management Symposium gold granular filters Great Connections 2014 Great Connections 2016 green engineering green infrastructure green roofs greenroofs GRI-GM19 ground improvement groundwater grouting GRS-IBS GSI GSI Asia GSI Korea Guimarães GWMS 2014 HaloSource Hamburg harbor geotechnics HaTelit haul roads hazardous waste HDPE HDPE geomembranes heap leach heap leach pads HECPs highwall reinforcement highways Holland Houston Huekser Huesker hydraulic engineering hydraulic erosion control products hydraulic mulch hydraulically applied erosion control products hydromulch I-CORP I-CORP International IAGI IAH-CNC Groundwater Conference Ian Peggs IC-BA2015 Iceland ICSMGE ICTG 2016 IECA IECA Iberoamerica IECA Roadshow IECA Southeast Chapter IFAI IFCEE IFCEE 2015 IFCEE 2018 IGS IGS Brasil IGS Brazil IGS India IGS Morocco IGS North America IGS Peru IGS Technical Committee on Barriers IGS Technical Committee on Soil Reinforcement IGS Turkey IGS UK IIMP Index 2017 India Indian Geotechnical Society Indiara Giugni industrial InfoMine infrastructure infrastructure resiliance InnoTrans InnoTrans 2016 installation installers Interanational Geosynthetics Society interface friction International Association of Foundation Drilling International Association of Geosynthetic Installers International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering International Erosion Control Association International Foundations Congress and Equipment Expo International Geosynthetics Soci International Geosynthetics Society International Nonwovens Symposium International Permafrost Association International Pulp and Paper Week International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering International Society of Rock Mechanics International Water Week IOM irrigation Irstea ISRM ISSMGE Italy IWWG James Collin Jeffrey Kuhn Jennifer Nicks jet fuel Jill Pack John Daniels Jorge Zornberg JTCI Julio Ferreira KGGS Koerner Korea Korean Geosynthetics Society land redevelopment land remediation landfill landfill caps landfill closure landfill design landfill engineering landfill gas landfill temperatures landfilling landfills landslide mitigation landslide understanding landslides Latin America LCISA leach pads leachate leachate management leachate managment leak detection leak location LEED legislation LFG LID LID Symposium light rail Lilma Schimmel liner integrity surveys liner surveys liner systems liners LIS Ljubljana LLDPE LNG Load and Resistance Factor Design long-term design long-term strength longwall mining Loughborough University Low Impact Development low volume roads LRFD Luduik Rosales LVRs manufacturing marine engineering Mario Paredes Mark Harris MECA mechanically stabilized earth MENA Messe Frankfurt Messe München methane methane harvesting MGS Middle East Mike Samueloff mine engineering mine safety mine tailings mine waste Minegrid Minerva Minerva TRI mining mining design mining engineering mining geosynthetics Minnesota Minnesota Erosion Control Association Minnesota Geotechnical Society mitigation MnDOT modelling monitoring Morocco Moscow MS4 MSE MSE walls mulch municipal engineering municipal stormwater NAGS NAPL NCMA New York New Zealand Nonaqueous Phase Liquids nonwoven geotextiles nonwovens Nordic Geotechnical Meeting 2016 North American Geosynthetics Society NPDES NWRA NYSDEC Oceania oil & gas oil and gas oil and gas terminals oil depots oil supply chain online open-pit mining PanAm-UNSAT 2017 Patrick Brochier pavement pavement engineering pavement interlayers pavement service life pavements paving fabrics paving interlayers PDCA Penton permafrost permits Peru PERUMIN PERUMIN 2015 Peruvian Institute of Mining Engineers Peter Hansford Peter Legg PGI Philadelphia Phoenix Pile Driving Contractors Association pipes plastic pipe plastic pipes plastics pipe Plastics Pipe Institute pollution control polymeric materials Pond Liner Design and Performance pond liners poor quality backfills port construction port development ports Portugal potable water PPI press release professional development public works pulp and paper pvc PVC 2014 PWX 2016 rail track stabilization railroads railway railway engineering railways rainwater harvesting Ranjiv Gupta RCRA Recycling reflective cracking REGEO 2015 regulation regulations reinforced concrete reinforced embankments reinforced slopes reinforced soil structures reinforced walls reinforcement reinforcement products remediation RemTech RemTech 2014 Remtech 2015 RemTech 2016 Remtech 2017 RemTech Europe Remtech Expo Rencontres Géosynthétiques Rencontres Géosynthétiques 2017 reservoirs resin retaining walls reuse of site soils rib reinforcement in mining Rick Thomas Ringtrac risk management road building road construction road design roads roadway maintenance rock mechanics rockfall rockfall mitigation runoff runoff management Russell Jones Russia safety Sarah Patterson Sardinia Sardinia 2015 SBMR Scandinavia Scotland scour protection sea defence SEAGS secondary containment sediment capping sediment control sediment management sedimentation seepage seepage loss segmental retaining walls SEI seismic engineering seminars Seoul sewage sludge shales shear strength shipping shoreline stabilization short courses silage silt fence silver SKZ slope slope failures slope reinforcement slope stabililzation Slope Stability slope stability design slope stabilization Slovenia sludge lagoons slurry ponds slurry walls SME soft armor soft soils soil consolidation Soil Interface soil mechanics soil nails soil remediation soil stabilization soil-geosynthetic interface soils SoilTain solid wall plastic pipe solid waste management Solmax South America Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society Spain specialty fabrics spill control spill response SRWs SSIGE standards steep slopes Steve Borron StocExpo StocExpo 2014 StocExpo 2016 Stockholm StormCon StormCon 2017 stormwater stormwater engineering Stormwater Equipment Manufacturers Association stormwater management stormwater runoff structural engineering Structural Engineering Institute structures subgrade separation subgrade stabilization Subtitle D surface impoundments sustainability sustainable development sustainable infrastructure Svebio Sven Schröer SWANA Sweden Swedish Bioenergy Association SWEMA tailings Tailings and Mine Waste 17 tailings dams tailings management tailings ponds tank farms tank liners tank storage Tank Storage Germany Tank Storage Germany 2014 tank terminals tanks technical textiles technology Techtextil North America Techtextil North America 2015 Tensar Tensar North American Green Terageos terminal operators testing Texas textiles the Netherlands Thomas Taylor Tom Bailey Tom Walsh TPO membranes track reinforcement trade associations trade shows training transportation transportation engineering Transportation Research Board TRB TRI TRI Australasia TRI Environmental TRI Liner Integrity Services tunnel engineering tunnel liners tunneling tunnelling tunnels turbidity curtains Turkey UAE UK underground mining underground pipes United Kingdom University of Delaware unpaved roads unsaturated soils urban forestry urban runoff US EPA utilities vegetation vegetation establishment venting VII Brazilian Congress of Geosynthetics VIII CICES wall failures walls Waste 360 Waste Management waste management conferences Waste to Resources Waste to Resources 2015 wastewater wastewater treatment Water Management water quality water resources water security Waterproof Membranes Waterproof Membranes 2014 Waterproof Membranes 2015 Waterproof Membranes 2018 Watershed Geosynthetics weak soils weak subsoils weathering testing webinar webinars WEDA welding equipment Western Dredging Association Widener University WLF 2017 workshop World Bioenergy 2014 World Bioenergy 2016 World Landslide Forum World of Coal Ash 2015 World Tunnel Congress World Tunneling Congress woven geotextiles WTC 2014 WTC 2017 XV PCSMGE XVI ECSMGE XVI European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering XXII Argentinian Congress of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
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I've always been a bit dubious about alternate histories. I've always thought of them as 'what might of happened, but didn't happen'. Therefore if it didn't happen, why are we worrying about it? But then again, I guess thats like saying that just because something is in the past then it's irrelevant, as its behind us. Just as understanding the past gives us a handle on the future, understanding how past events turned out how they did probably gives us a firmer grip on that handle. Confused? me too! Now that we've established that alternate histories and conspiracy theories are not the same thing, lets take a look at this thought provoking book.
One thing you can say about Hitler, is that perhaps no-one in history has shown such inconsistency when it comes to decision making – at times he had an impeccable intuition, and at other times managed to cock things up when it was far easier to get it right. It is, surely, a matter of conjecture to imagine a scenario in which Hitler might have won the war – the strength of the US and Soviet Union made it pretty unlikely in my mind. But, certainly, some aspects of the war might have turned out very differently.
Let's consider some of the chapters. In 'May Day' by Nigel Jones, Lord Halifax becomes Premier instead of Churchill, who is made Minister for War. Churchill is killed flying over France in 1940, the Panzers do not pause before Dunkirk, the BEF is overwhelmed and Hallifax sues for peace. This set of circumstances were by no means impossible. Hallifax seemed to be everyones preferred candidate to succeed Chaimberlain. Churchill was lucky to escape harm during the war. And, above all, Hallifax did not have the gumption to keep up the fight when things got tough.
Operation Felix sees the Spanish colluding in the Axis, and supporting the capture of Gibraltar. Of course without such a strategic port the Mediterranean would have been closed to British shipping, Malta overwhelmed, North Africa seriously weakened and Italy strengthened. Again, if Spain had joined in the war on the Axis side, it is hard to see how Gibraltar could have outalsted a prolonged onslaught, although one suspects its defenders might have put up a serious fight. A couple of chapters consider how the war might have turned out if Mussolini and the Italians had performed better than they did, and although this is mere conjecture, a stronger Italy would have presented less of a millstone to the Third Reich.
One very interesting scenario is the co-opting of Nazi and Islamic interests in the conquest of the Middle East. It is well known that Hitler courted the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, an extremist islamic figure. An uprising in Palestine and Iraq would have seriously undermined British control of vital oil reserves, and the route to India. A further chapter sees the Caucasus – on the flank of the Middle East and an oil field itself – captured by Kurt Student's paratroopers, following on from Crete. As for the Eastern Front overall, successive chapters see Moscow captured by the Wehrmacht, and the beleagured Sixth Army at Stalingrad breaks out and joins up with the rest of the German Army, avoiding a serious strategic defeat that in the event turned the tide on the Eastern Front.
Going back to the Mediterranean, Malta was lost under prolonged bombardment, after supply convoys failed to get through. The loss of Malta would have removed a thorn in the side of the Axis supply routes to North Africa, removed a key staging post from the Royal Navy, and gave the Italiand and Germans a platform to control the Med. The loss of Malta was something that was a very real risk, I feel.
Finally, and perhaps most controversially, the last chapter considers what might have happened had the US Generals prevailed and an early invasion been launched in the Cotentin peninsula before 1944. In this scenario, a smaller, poorly trained and unprepared allied army is eventually thrown back into the sea, after landing in too small an beachead. Hitler is then free to concentrate on the Eastern Front, while US and British relations are irreparably damaged. Oddly, this scenario sees Patton and Monty becoming firm friends, reminding us that it is, after all, an alternative history!
I found this a very thought provoking read. Some of the scenarios were more likely in my opinion than others, but considering how various decisions were made and events transpired between 1939 and 1945, the war could have taken a lot longer and cost many more lives, had the allies made more errors and Hitler made less. It would have taken a coincidental set of events, but did not such a course of events derail Operation Market Garden?
Hitler Triumphant is published by Pen and Sword


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MIDDLEBURY — Addison County Transit Resources (ACTR) was recently awarded an $8,000 grant from the Richard E. and Deborah L. Tarrant Foundation in Burlington, Vermont. These funds contribute towards the 20 percent local match requirements of a $2.85 million federal grant previously awarded to ACTR for the construction of the Addison County Community Transportation Center.
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MIDDLEBURY — Coming into Saturday's home game against 5-1 Skidmore, a Middlebury men's basketball team with four returning starters from groups that earned four NCAA Division III berths carried a 7-0 record and the No. 3 ranking.
But the Panthers lacked a signature win despite their record, and their defense had not risen to the level of past seasons, when they have led the nation in field-goal percentage against.
ADDISON COUNTY — Starting in the fall of 2013 and running for two academic years, the Middlebury Union High School softball and girls' basketball and soccer teams will return to Division II, according to recent Vermont Principals' Association decisions.
Men's Hockey
12/7 Midd. vs. Hamilton................... 5-4 (OT)
12/8 Amherst vs. Midd. ............................ 4-2
Women's Hockey
12/8 Midd. vs. Castleton ......................... 3-0
Men's Basketball
Put aside, for a moment, the national political posturing surrounding the so-called fiscal cliff, the strife in the Mid-East, the growing threat of climate change, and focus for a few minutes on what some senators are calling the most serious threat to democracy facing the nation today: the FCC's renewed push to allow greater media consolidation in the country's largest media markets.
MIDDLEBURY — Middlebury College announced on Tuesday that it would take formal steps to consider divesting its endowment from the fossil fuel industry.
MIDDLEBURY — Vermont Department of Health (DOH) officials are urging schools, daycare centers, businesses and residents to be on guard for a wave of pertussis — popularly known as whooping cough — that is sweeping through Addison and Rutland counties.
BRISTOL/VERGENNES — Classes might have been cancelled, but school was definitely in session on Tuesday afternoon at Mount Abraham Union High School, where students, teachers and community members packed the auditorium to bid farewell to one of their most beloved teachers, Greg Clark.
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ADDISON — Here's some good news for Addison County localvores: The local foods movement is extending from your plate to your pint glass.
Across the state, encouraged by the UVM Extension Crops and Soil team's Vermont Hops Project, more local hops growers are cropping up each year.
Kris Anderson, the owner of the Addison Hop Farm, is one of them. Anderson, a longtime homebrewer, began growing hops because he was looking for an "interesting crop" to play around with.
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ST. ALBANS — When the U.S. House of Representatives adjourned on Sept. 28 without passing a new Farm Bill, it not only left dairy farmers without a safety net, it raised the specter of chaos in agricultural markets.
In effect, Congress's failure to act could trigger a so-called permanent law that, it is estimated, could raise the parity price of milk to the $40 per hundredweight (cwt.) range.
MIDDLEBURY — Kori and Kathleen Martell of Middlebury deal with a daily shopping dilemma when it comes to buying food for themselves and their baby daughter.
"It's easier to buy the junk food than the healthy food," Kathleen Martell said on Thursday while cradling her daughter Dianna at the Addison County Parent-Child Center. "Junk food is less expensive."
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A few weekends ago, I did a 22-hour road trip in a car that had a built-in WiFi hotspot. It was fantastic, but what if you can't afford a $100,000+ Audi RS7? Some Redditors figured out a way to get WiFi on the road for free.
This pic was posted by summgunn with the caption, "We're on a road trip to Vancouver, and we've had Wi-Fi for the past 100 miles thanks to cruise control and this big fella." So, all you have to do is drive next to a long-distance bus, which pretty much all ooze WiFi these days. Public WiFi isn't the safest thing in the world, and neither is driving next to a bus, but hey, it's free!
(Hat tip to Mathew Ingram!)


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This post is by from Media on HuffingtonPost.com
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WASHINGTON — The Web sites we visit, the online links we click, the search queries we conduct, the products we put in virtual shopping carts, the personal details we reveal on social networking pages – all of this can give companies insight into what Internet ads we might be interested in seeing.
But privacy watchdogs warn that too many people have no idea that Internet marketers are tracking their online habits and then mining that data to serve up targeted pitches – a practice known as behavioral advertising.
So Congress could be stepping in. Rep. Rick Boucher, D-Va., chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Communications, Technology and the Internet, is drafting a bill that would impose broad new rules on Web sites and advertisers. His goal: to ensure that consumers know what information is being collected about them on the Web and how it is being used, and to give them control over that information.
While Congress has waded into Internet privacy issues before, this measure could break new ground, as the first major attempt to regulate a nascent but fast-growing industry that represents the future of advertising. Boucher insists his bill will benefit consumers and preserve the underlying economics of the Internet, which relies on advertising to keep so much online content free.
"Our goal is not to hinder online advertising," he said. "This will make people more likely to trust electronic commerce and the Internet."
Although his proposal is still taking shape, Boucher is confident lawmakers will pass an online marketing privacy law of some sort. He is working with Cliff Stearns of Florida, the top Republican on the Internet subcommittee, as well as Rep. Bobby Rush, D-Ill., who chairs a separate subcommittee on consumer protection.
Already, Washington's interest in Internet marketing has put online advertisers on notice. In July, the industry released a set of self-regulatory principles in an effort to head off concerns in Congress and the Federal Trade Commission. The FTC put out Internet ad guidelines early this year.
Boucher's efforts have encouraged privacy activists, who point out that Internet surveillance has evolved beyond just data-tracking files, known as cookies, that Web sites place on visitors' computers. Technologies such as "deep packet inspection" can now monitor a user's every online move.
"Consumers have no idea that they are being followed online and that their information is being compiled into invisible digital dossiers," said Jeffrey Chester, executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy, one of 10 privacy groups that recently issued recommendations for lawmakers. "There is an incredibly sophisticated, ever-advancing system for profiling online users."
Chester believes several developments have put the issue on Washington's radar. Those include the rise of social networking sites that capture detailed personal information, like Facebook and MySpace; Google Inc.'s acquisition of the Internet ad service DoubleClick Inc.; and the proposed Internet search partnership between Microsoft Corp. and Yahoo Inc., now under review by the Justice Department.
"Online privacy has finally taken off and become a serious political issue," Chester said. "A perfect digital storm has created momentum toward action."
The challenge facing Washington, said Federal Trade Commission Chairman Jon Leibowitz, is to strike the right balance between "protecting the fundamental rights of consumers" and preserving "business equilibrium."
Boucher's bill will seek a middle ground in a long-running debate over what the default assumptions should be when companies monitor consumers' online interests.
On one side, privacy watchdogs say Web sites should be required to obtain user permission – that is, people would "opt in" – before collecting most data.
On the other side, Web sites and advertisers insist such a mandate would overwhelm consumers with privacy notices. The companies argue that it is more practical to simply allow people who do not want to be tracked to "opt out" of data collection.
Boucher expects to set different rules for different types of sites. Sites that collect visitor information in order to target advertising on their own pages, for instance, would have to offer consumers a chance to opt out of having their interests tracked. These sites would also be required to prominently disclose what information they collect and provide a detailed description of how that information is used.
Web sites that deal with sensitive personal information, such as medical and financial data, sexual orientation, Social Security numbers and other ID numbers, would have to ask users to opt in to being tracked.
Boucher's bill would not be the first significant online privacy law. In 1986, Congress passed the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, which placed privacy obligations on companies and organizations that offer e-mail services. The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 requires commercial Web sites targeted at children under age 13 to obtain parental consent before collecting personally identifiable information.
But the current bill would mark the first significant attempt by Congress to regulate Internet advertising. Marc Rotenberg, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, said there had been little need for Congress to impose privacy protections on advertisers offline, since traditional media such as TV, radio and newspapers don't enable marketers to profile individual consumers as easily as the Internet does.
Now, Rotenberg said, "privacy laws should be updated to reflect new business practices."
It's too soon to know whether Boucher's final bill will go far enough to satisfy privacy activists. But they agree that a law would do much more than the self-regulatory principles released by the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB), the Association of National Advertisers (ANA) and three other advertising trade groups in July.
Among other things, those principles call for consumer education efforts and disclosure of behavioral advertising practices.
ANA Executive Vice President Dan Jaffe said self regulation is the best approach for managing an industry evolving as quickly as online advertising.
"Legislation would be too rigid because this is a moving target," Jaffe said.
Mike Zaneis, IAB's vice president of public policy, added that self regulation is effective since it is in advertisers' interest to make sure consumers trust them.
"At the end of the day, the most important asset any online company has is a strong relationship with the consumer," he said.
Yet that's also why Chester insists that tougher rules from Congress would not cripple online advertising. Consumers might be more likely to favor Web sites that allow them to see and influence their personal data.
"It's about treating consumers with respect," said Joseph Turow, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania's Annenberg School for Communication. "Companies keep saying they want to engage users. That means opening up and not sneaking behind someone's back to draw up pictures of them. We need information reciprocity."
Turow added that while he supports opt-in mandates as "the ultimate form of respect," the debate over opt-in versus opt-out rules won't matter "when people really have an opportunity to interact with their data."
For now, privacy activists are pinning their hopes on lawmakers. Evan Hendricks, editor of the Privacy Times newsletter, believes Boucher's bill will find bipartisan support in Congress.
"This stands a very realistic chance of passage," he said. "Privacy is the kind of issue you can't be against."


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To become a licensed counselor, someone must complete a master's degree in counseling and then complete hands-on work as a counselor (under supervision). The number of required hours of hands-on training varies by state. Many counselors specialize in addiction treatment for drug and alcohol abuse, and the majority receive training in psychotherapy techniques. In terms of substance abuse issues, where therapists deal specifically with healing the root causes of a person's addiction (childhood, trauma background, etc.), counselors deal with the current day-to-day needs of the person. This involves what's called case management, which can include things like housing (which halfway house are you eligible for, or where are you going to live after you get out of a treatment center?); child care (how can you you get your child back if custody is jeopardized by addiction issues?); employment services (informing you about job placement programs), etc. Many times, counselors can also help with interventions, whereas most therapists do not.
In order to become a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in social work, a person must have a master's degree in counseling. Depending on the state, an LPC may also be called a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC). An LPC specializing in social work will look not just at a person's drug or alcohol addiction issues, but their economic and social status, their home environment, and other factors when determining a treatment plan for that patient. They are sensitive to issues like whether a person struggling with addiction has a safe home environment in which to recover (or whether they may need to go to a halfway house); whether a person has a job that will help support them in recovery or whether they need to change jobs, etc. Counselors help with the practicalities of everyday life and what will help support sobriety.


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What is Chance?
Chance is a fine way of expressing certain mathematical probabilities, but in itself it cannot cause anything to happen. When we attribute an event to chance in science or elsewhere we are only revealing that we are unaware of every ...Read More
The Myth of Chance
As today's passage indicates, even a random outcome in the casting of lots to make a decision is determined by the hand of God. Every seemingly "chance" event — a flat tire, running into a long-lost friend, a roll of ...Read More
God or Chance?
Read Amos 4:6–10; Hebrews 12:5–11; and 1 Peter 1:6–7. From these passages why might God cause "bad things" to happen? What should our response be when we are confronted with difficult circumstances? Work to ...Read More


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Refresh Roundup: week of June 3rd, 2013
Your smartphone and / or tablet is just begging for an update. From time to time, these mobile devices are blessed with maintenance refreshes, bug fixes, custom ROMs and anything in between, and so many of them are floating around that it's easy for a sizable chunk to get lost in the mix. To make …
The definitive guide to this connected life.


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Am I Seeing Double
- $1.99
- Published By: eXtasy Books
- Author: Roland Singleton
- Page: 31
- Word Count: 8505
- Publication Date: April 24, 2012
- Series: Am I seeing Double #1
- Heat Level:
- Available Formats: Adobe Acrobat, Epub, Hiebook, Microsoft Reader, Mobipocket, Mobipocket (.mobi), Palm DOC/iSolo, Rocket, Sony PDF
- Categories: Contemporary, Erotica
Qty + -
If you think you're having fun with one lover, try twins!
In his early career he found it difficult to hold onto a lasting relationship so he decided to do some research which paid off twofold.
SeiriesLink: Am I seeing Double
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Let's open our Bibles tonight, we have a little time before we're going to go outside. And I do want to finish up our study of 3 John. I've been asked several times, but since this is a special night, are you going to do something special? I said sure, I'm going to do the rest of 3 John. And how special can you get? I mean, that's where we are and I'd like to finish this little epistle. It has been really a wonderful blessing for me personally to go back through 1, 2 and 3 John and I think you'll find this a really compelling study.
Third John and we're going to be looking at the final half of this book, verses 9 through 14. Let me read it to you. "I wrote something to the church, but Diotrephes who loves to be first among them does not accept what we say. For this reason, if I come I will call attention to his deeds which he does unjustly accusing us with wicked words, and not satisfied with this, neither does he himself receive the brethren. And he forbids those who desire to do so and puts them out of the church. Beloved, do not imitate what is evil, but what is good. The one who does good is of God, the one who does evil has not seen God. Demetrius has received a good testimony from everyone and from the truth itself. And we also bear witness and you know that our witness is true. I had many things to write to you, but I'm not willing to write them to you with pen and ink, but I hope to see you shortly and we shall speak face to face. Peace be to you, the friends greet you, greet the friends by name."
Well the main character in this section of this little epistle is a man named Diotrephes, followed at the end by another man named Demetrius. But for the most part, Diotrephes occupies our attention. And you might even title this section, "The man who loved the preeminence." There have always been such people who love the preeminence, who are proud and selfish and self-centered who seek the places of power and the places of fame and the places of prestige. In fact, the Scriptures literally abound with such characters in this category, and I thought it might be instructive for us to just go back and meet some of this Hall of Infamy, people who would never show up in the eleventh chapter of Hebrews, that's for sure. These are the anti-heroes.
Genesis chapter 4 introduces us to such a man by the name of Lamech. In Genesis chapter 4 we meet him in verse 23 in regard to this particular perspective. "And Lamech said to his wives, Adah and Zillah," he had already broken God's commandment by being a polygamist. "But he said to his wives, Adah and Zillah, listen to my voice, you wives of Lamech, give heed to my speech for I have killed a man for wounding me and a boy for striking me. If Cain is avenged sevenfold, then Lamech seventy-sevenfold." This is the first bully in the Bible.
Lamech composed his own song here. It is Hebrew poetry. "I have slain a young man who merely wounded me, a young man who merely hurt me. God may take care of Cain sevenfold, but I'll take care of myself seventy-sevenfold." Well here is an illustration of blasphemous arrogance. The first murderer, Cain, had produced a grandson who is also a murderer. The first murder was the result of envy, this one was the result of pride. And what you have there is a picture of Lamech strutting before his two wives and pontificating about his bloody deed and how able he is to defend himself, even to the seventy-seventh limit.
Interestingly enough Lamech was the seventh in the line from Adam. And God calls Lamech's cousin, Enoch, the seventh. In the book of Jude verse 14 it says, "Enoch in the seventh generation from Adam prophesied saying, 'Behold, the Lord came with many thousands of His holy ones to execute judgment upon all and to convict all the ungodly of their ungodly deeds which they have done in an ungodly way and of all the harsh things which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him.'" Well we must conclude then that Lamech was an object of Enoch's testimony since Enoch lived in the same generation. Lamech was one of those ungodly people who did ungodly deeds in an ungodly way and spoke harsh things against God. Lamech was a hard sinner and he flaunted his sin against God. He viewed himself as above God.
Another such proud man we find in Genesis chapter 10. This man's name is Nimrod. And it says in verse 9, "He was a mighty hunter before the Lord, therefore it is said, 'like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the Lord.' And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel and Erech and Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar." Now when you read verse 9, he was a mighty hunter before the Lord, it's a rather weak translation, it doesn't seem to carry what the Hebrew carries. His story is really the story, a horrible story of desperate rebellion against God by one who wanted to be preeminent. Cush began Nimrod, is what the Hebrew says, and he began to be a tyrant in the land. He was a terrible subjugator; defiant, says the Hebrew, before the face of Jehovah. Saddam Hussein isn't the first by any means of such Middle Eastern tyrants. And they all have their little day and are brought to an end. But Nimrod appears to be the first of such dictators. The first one who brought together an organized rebellion against God. And Nimrod wanted to be first and it all ended up in Babel and Babylon, the mother of all false religion, it can all be traced back to Nimrod.
And you could also go to the book of Judges and the ninth chapter and you would meet another one of these kinds of people by the name of Abimelech, the son of Jerubbaal named after Baal and went to Shechem. He was the half-breed son of Gideon. And he wanted to be king, did Abimelech. He had these tremendous aspirations to become king. And he sought power and prominence and preeminence so that he gathered together all of his brothers to support him in his effort to be king and then killed them all, committing atrocities in order that he might eliminate any other potential claimant to his throne. God dealt with him in a most bizarre way. He did ascend to that power that he wanted. Three years later, however, he was trying to smash down the tower while his army was attacking an enemy at Thebez and there was a tower at the place and while he was there with his army attacking Thebez, from the top of the tower a woman dropped a millstone and she had tremendous aim. It hit him on his head, split his skull open. He immediately cried for his armor bearer to run through with a sword before he died from the crushed skull, lest it go down in history that he was killed by a woman. Thinking only of his pride down to the very end, he sought preeminence.
There was in the book of Esther another man like this, by the name of Haman. Do you remember King Ahasuereus ruled all the way from India to Ethiopia and he had raised a man by the name of Haman to a very high rank in his kingdom. And Haman became drunk with power and drunk with prestige. He demanded everybody to obey him and bow before him and pay him homage and honor him. And there was a Jew who did not by the name of Mordecai, remember? He decided that because of what Mordecai had done, he would literally annihilate the Jews. He would commit genocide. He loved the preeminence to such a degree that he would literally obliterate a whole race of people because of one man who would not bow to him. The story of Esther is a pretty incredible story. He wound up, by the way, being hanged on the gallows he built to hang the Jews on.
And as long as we're thinking about these people, we would be remiss if we didn't make a comment or two about one other very famous man who sought the preeminence by the name of Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel chapter 4. Nebuchadnezzar sought to exalt himself and because he sought to exalt himself, you remember, God turned him into a maniac and left him out grazing like an animal for years, seven years, in fact, till he finally came to his senses. He is the model of self-centered proud power-mad love for preeminence.
And then, of course, if you come to the New Testament, there is Herod. And we find that story in the twelfth chapter of Acts. Herod declared it Herod Day in all modesty. And he on appointed day, Acts 12:21, put on his royal apparel, came out before the people, took his seat there in Caesarea, sat in his throne and began delivering an address to them. And the people kept saying, "The voice of a god and not a man." And that's what he wanted. And immediately an angel of the Lord struck him because he didn't give God the glory, he was eaten by worms and died. And so ended Herod Day. Not exactly the way he had planned it.
And then you could also throw into the little list that we've been putting together Matthew 23, because in Matthew 23 you have not one but a whole collection of people who loved to have the preeminence. Jesus identified them as whited sepulchers, as tombs full of dead men's bones. Jesus identified them repeatedly as hypocrites. He identified them as snakes and vipers. And who were they? They were the scribes and the Pharisees who seated themselves in the chair of Moses, Matthew 23:1. They loved to be noticed by men. They broaden their phylacteries, the little leather boxes that held slips on which were written passages of the Mosaic Law. They carried them around only they made theirs very, very big so that people would know how devoted to Scripture they were. They lengthened the tassels of their garments, tassels were supposed to be evidences of their devotion. And they made theirs as long as possible, extending them down so that they were dragging on the ground so that people would exalt them for their piety. And then they loved the place of honor at the banquets and chief seats in the synagogue and the respectful greetings in the marketplace. And they loved to be called rabbi. And they loved to be called father source. They loved to be called leader.
There always have been these kinds of people, always. And even among the people of God. We've given you an illustration of it. And it's a temptation even for good people. You go to Matthew chapter 20 in your mind and you will remember that James and John had the audacity to get their mother to go to Jesus and plead with Jesus to give them the preeminent place in His Kingdom because they thought they were worthy of it. Can you imagine that? Matthew 20:20 to 28, Jesus said, "You know, that's something for the Father to give, but it goes to those who have suffered the most, not those who have sought the preeminence." If you want to be first, you should seek to be last. You should be like the Son of Man who didn't come to be served, but to serve and give His life a ransom for many. And that ended that conversation.
Well all of that leads us to 3 John, let's go back. And here in 3 John we meet a man who belongs in the Hall of Infamy with all the rest of those people I've just kind of rehearsed for you. This is a man named Diotrephes and he loved to have the power, the preeminence, the prestige, the prominence, the chief seat, the chief place. It says it in verse 9, "Diotrephes who loves to be first, phileo, who has a strong affection, proteuo, to be first...to be first." That term proteuo is used only one other place, in Colossians 1:18 and there it talks about the preeminence of Christ. So here is a man who is competing with Christ. Here is one who doesn't believe that Jesus alone is first, but seeks to supplant Christ and to rule the church in the place of Christ. He's like New Testament Absalom, so power hungry that he would murder his own father to take the throne.
Diotrephes was a very proud man. He was so proud that in seeking his place of preeminence, he was actually busy supplanting Christ, busy replacing Christ in the church. How did he do it? By rejecting those who were serving Christ.
Now if this sounds a little bit familiar, this is an old, old story and a new one as well. We see this all the time with young men that come out of the seminary. They go into a church. They are the servants of Christ. They are prepared. They are heart ready. They are mind ready. They are soul ready. They're ready to labor, to pour their lives into the congregation. They run right into a Diotrephes who loves to have the power in the church. And before they know what hit them, they're out of the church. It happens all the time. It's a constant battle, so common.
Now remember, this is in the middle of a letter about hospitality, right? This letter is basically about how we are to open our hearts to the servants of Christ, how we are to accept them. As verse 7 says, "For they went out for the sake of the name. They accepted nothing from the Gentiles. Therefore we ought to support such men that we may be fellow workers with the truth," as we pointed out last week. And yet, though it is our obligation as a church to open our arms and embrace the faithful servants of God, here is a man in the church who because he loves to be first sees everybody as a threat to his power. And so, in this local assembly Diotrephes was forbidding anyone to receive the traveling preachers. He saw the traveling preachers as a threat. And there were believers who wanted to open their arms to them. And so John writes to one, beloved Gaius, whom he loves in the truth and wishes him well, and tells him about what good reports he hears from the brethren who came to him to tell him of Gaius. And then he reminds him, as I just read in verses 5 to 7, to make sure that he continues to love the truth by loving those who are the messengers of the truth.
And then he stops, and there's almost a startling change in verse 9 and injects this whole section about this man who contrary to the call of loving hospitality is doing everything he can to prevent the servants of the gospel from having any reception in the church because he sees them as a threat to his power, a threat to his preeminence. Is there anything as ugly as spiritual pride? Anything? I don't think so.
Now last time, in the opening eight verses, we saw Gaius, the man who gave hospitality. I want you to look in verses 9 and 10 at Diotrephes, the man who refused to give hospitality. As graciously hospitable as Gaius was, so ungracious and unhospitable was Diotrephes. They are poles apart, they are absolute opposites. Gaius is seen knowing truth, walking in truth, loving the brethren, entertaining strangers who are faithful ministers of the gospel. Diotrephes is seen loving himself, refusing to allow anyone to come in who might somehow receive the accolades, the love, the affection, the response of the congregation which he wants for himself. The conflict is not doctrinal, it's not theological, it's not a spiritual issue, it is a personal issue of loving oneself. And so does John address this issue so frequently arising in the church.
Look at verse 9, "I wrote something to the church but Diotrephes, who loves to be first among them, doesn't accept what we say." John wrote a letter to this church. And Diotrephes had managed to put himself in a position to filter everything. And so Diotrephes who loves to be first among them doesn't accept what we say. We do not know about this letter written earlier to this church. It was not written to Diotrephes, it was written to the church. It is lost, perhaps because Diotrephes destroyed it, probably never even read it to the church and that's why John tells Gaius who's in that church that he wrote that letter. Diotrephes had managed to move himself into position of power and became the screener for anything and everything that came to the church and literally rejected a letter from the Apostle John. John says, "Diotrephes does not accept what we say."
Another way to translate that, "Will have nothing to do with us." He is his own authority, even to the point where he rejects one with apostolic authority. These kind of people who are proud and self-righteous, these kind of people who love spiritual preeminence and seek power and control, they know no bounds on who they will reject. They will reject the most faithful, profound, respected, revered authorities of Scripture. In fact, the more influence a person has because of faithful ministry, the more likely they are to reject that person.
Now the man's name, Diotrephes, is interesting. It means "reared by Zeus...reared by Zeus," or "nursed by Zeus. And it was a name, as far as we can tell, it was found only among nobility in ancient families. So it may have been that he had a self-importance problem because he came from some noble family. Perhaps he was aristocratic in his background and because he had a little bit of an aristocratic background, thought more highly of himself than he ought to think. But that really wasn't his problem. It doesn't really have to do with his background. His problem is clearly identified in verse 9, he loved to be first. That's the issue. There really are not environmental contributions to this issue here. This is not a circumstantial situation. This isn't because of the way he was raised. This is a man who's greedy for power because he loves himself. He's guilty of spiritual pride of the rankest kind. And he's worked his way into spiritual leadership in the church. He's not humble. He's not selfless. He's not loving. He's not compassionate. He certainly doesn't have the mind of Christ. "Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus," Philippians 2:3 and following.
And you will notice "he loves" is in the present tense. This is a pattern for him. This is habitual for him. He's driven by personal ambition, this is so hard to deal with in the church, particularly in small congregations where these people are entrenched. As I've said, we've picked up the pieces of many heart-broken young men who go out and are chewed up by Diotrephes here and everywhere.
Not only was he perverted by ambition, but it led to perverted action, verse 10, "I will call attention," he says, "if I come to his deeds which he does." It's not just an attitude. You can't contain an attitude anyway, whatever an attitude is becomes an action. John says, "For this reason, because of the fact that in his self-love and in his longing to be preeminent, he doesn't even accept what I, and Apostle of Jesus Christ, have to say, because of this, for this reason, if I come I will call attention to his deeds which he does." I'm going to expose the man if I come. I will not forget, John is saying, I will not forget. I will bring up the subject of Diotrephes' conduct and I will make it an issue in the church because it is an issue for discipline. And the question always arises, and I've had this question with so many young pastors, what do I do? There's a guy in my church, he's like Diotrephes, he has the preeminence, what do I do?
And I encourage them, I encourage the leaders who are supportive of the pastor, you must take the power away from the man. If you do not take the power away from the man now, then you're going to lose the pastor you have and you're going to lose the next one and the next one and the next one until you finally do what you have to do. Churches seem so reluctant to do that. Why? Because these people are manipulators, they didn't get into power for nothing. They didn't get there by just rolling out of bed. They worked their way into that. And Johns says, "When I get there, I'm not going to overlook this. This man is challenging my authority as an Apostle of Jesus Christ. This man is forbidding believers to be hospitable toward faithful preachers. I'll take disciplinary action." All the verbs here are present tense...does, accusing, does not receive, forbids, puts out, all present tense verbs. This is the habitual work of this man who has worked his way into position of power in the church by deceiving people.
Now he basically indicts him on four counts. Look at them in verse 10. Number one, "unjustly accusing us with wicked words." This is characteristic in every occasion of these people who rise to preeminence. They falsely accuse other people. This is how they gain trust. They don't gain trust by the virtue of their life. They don't gain trust by their character. They don't gain trust the long, slow, true way by exposing all that they are to people and letting people make a judgment on their righteousness and on their integrity. They get the trust of the people by destroying the people's trust in everybody else. They are malicious and destructive, accusing...the word accusing here is actually a word that occurs only here in the entire New Testament but a cognate form of it occurs in 1 Timothy 5:13 where it can be translated tattlers. They are tattlers. They go around telling malicious, gossiping tales. By the way, the root word in the Greek comes from boiling up, or bubbling over. There's a reason for that. Bubbles are hallow. This is hallow talk, foolish talk, but they foment foolish nothing, bubble talk that bursts when it's poked. False, unfounded, foolish, contrived, manipulated accusations to cause people to distrust those in leadership and then the people are left with them as the only one they can trust. They get good at this, very adept. They bring up malicious charges. They don't make them minimal, superficial, they use evil words. There's a certain viciousness here.
By the way, this term "wicked" words is used of Cain's wickedness in verse 12. And it's used of the devil in 1 John 5:18 and 19. They accuse these people that they want to replace, these people that they want to rise above of devilish things, horrible things and including us. Notice it there, unjustly accusing us. You mean to tell me Diotrephes was even falsely accusing the Apostle John? Yes. If anybody was a threat, John was a threat. And if you're a threat, you'll get it. Oh you may not know it at first, they may give you that silky, hypocritical facade but underneath the surface, they'd like to slit your throat. It's amazing through the years how many times people have treated me on the surface with kindness and respect, and it's come to light behind the scenes, known by me, the maliciousness with which they speak to others about me in an effort to push themselves up as the only ones who are virtuous and prominent. Everybody's a threat...everybody's a threat to the position of power.
And then he adds, as if it's not enough to destroy all those around you with malicious destructive gossip, it says, "And not satisfied with this..." It's not enough to do that, "neither does he receive the brethren," whoever is already respected, they seek to destroy. And anybody who comes in, they begin to undermine as well. In fact, they will not even receive them. They will not treat them with humble love. They not only slandered the Apostle John himself, Diotrephes not only slandered John, but he deliberately defied John by refusing to welcome the faithful brethren who came to preach for the sake of the name cause everybody's a threat. If you're on the inside, you get undermined so they can get into the prominent place. If you're on the outside and you're coming along, they shut you out. And, of course, they don't want anybody too close because somebody might discover what's really going on.
And they go further than that. "Neither does he receive the brethren, and he forbids those who desire to do so." If you are going to receive those brethren, he'll forbid you to do that. How in the world does a man like this get into such a power of position in a church that he literally shuts off the Apostle John, that he maliciously destroys the people's confidence in their other spiritual leaders and their true spiritual leaders that he will not acknowledge true preachers of the gospel and that he forbids people to receive those? How does he get into that position in the church of Jesus Christ? It's amazing how subtle and devious people can be. Not only personally rejecting John and the other preachers, but he koluo, prevents, hinders, everybody else. And finally, "Puts them out of the church," ek ballo, literally means to toss them out, throw them out. He's protecting his...it's like King of the Mountain, protecting his power base. Anybody who is a threat, he figures out a way to get them out of the church through the use of malicious gossip, through destruction of their personality, their character, their integrity, pretty soon they're gone.
You know, this may have been what happened to Gaius. It may have been what happened to Gaius. And that is why John tells Gaius what's going on in the church. Why would John need to tell Gaius about Diotrephes if Gaius was still there. And maybe Gaius had been hammered by this Diotrephes and that's why in verse 8 John says, "We ought to support such men that we may be fellow workers with the truth," which is another way of John saying to Gaius, "Keep it up, Gaius, you've got to keep doing it. I know there may be a price." Diotrephes slandered John, cold-shouldered the preachers of the gospel, excommunicated the loyal and the faithful from the church all because he loved the preeminence and wanted to stand alone at the top of the heap. Maybe Gaius had fallen victim to that whole thing. Maybe Gaius had just literally been either put out of the church or crushed in his efforts to show hospitality and that's why John says you must support such men. But it may be well that he actually had been put out of the church and didn't exactly know what was going on. You know, it happens. Men are put out of a church they don't even know that a Diotrephes did it to them.
Well, all of that simply to say, the Bible warns us here about those people who are power-hungry in the church. Arrogance is where it all starts. It starts with arrogance. Arrogance produces ambition, ambition produces accusations. And accusation leads to annihilation. You start out driven by pride, your pride produces the desire to be preeminent. Preeminent then leads you to falsely accuse everybody else so you can clear the field of all other claimants. And then eventually you have to annihilate them and put them out if they don't roll over. So sad when this happens in a church and many churches aren't willing to deal with it, they aren't willing to face it. They aren't willing to overturn such a man because many of them have been deceived, others in the name of love and church unity allows this to be perpetuated.
And I've learned through the years in dealing with our young men who go out to preach that rarely ever have I heard of a church dismissing a pastor for poor preaching, rarely ever for poor living, almost always power struggles because somebody loves to be first. And that's what splits churches, destroys ministries. Well, more could be said about that. But Diotrephes for all his efforts to be preeminent, got his name in the Book, didn't he? He got his name in the book, but it's a shame that it's here.
There's a third character in this book by the name of Demetrius. And if Gaius showed hospitality and need to continue to do it, no matter what pressure might be coming, and if Diotrephes was the man who refused to give hospitality, Demetrius is one who is to receive hospitality. So here to the beloved Gaius, John introduces a man that he wants Gaius to receive. "Beloved...verse 11...do not imitate what is evil but what is good. The one who does good is of God, the one who does evil has not seen God, Demetrius has received a good testimony from everyone and from the truth itself, and we also bear witness and you know that our witness is true."
He's introducing him to this man, Demetrius, and in a sense saying, "Receive him, you need to do that. He said that to faithful men who go out for the sake of the name, back in verses 7 and 8. You need to do that to be a fellow worker of the truth, in spite of the fact that there's Diotrephes in the church, you need to do that and here's one in particular that I want you to receive and his name is Demetrius. And if you will receive him, you will not be imitating what is evil, but what is good. You will then give evidence that you are of God.
Look back at verse 11, we'll pick it up right there. "Beloved, do not imitate what is evil." How does that fit in? Well it simply means don't follow the pattern of Diotrephes. Don't follow the pattern of Diotrephes. He's saying to Gaius, don't be like Diotrephes, he may be the leading influence in your church, don't be like him. Demetrius is coming, he is to be commended. Maybe he was a member of the Ephesian church, coming to whatever church this was. He doesn't want Gaius to be influenced by Diotrephes if he's still in the church and thus not to receive Demetrius. It may have been that he was thrown out of the church and maybe he's back in, we don't know those details. But the bottom line is, he says do not imitate what is evil, do not mimeomai, do not become a mimic of what is evil. Don't follow that model, just do what is good.
Everybody follows somebody, don't they? You choose whether you're going to follow those who do good or those who do evil. And he goes right back to the basic principle, verse 11, "The one who does good is of God, the one who does evil has not seen God." It's that simple. That sounds like 1 John, doesn't it? Back to the distinction between the true Christian and the false Christian, the moral test. The person who does good is of God, the person who does evil is not of God. The person who does righteousness is of God. The person who sins is not of God. To do good is evidence of divine birth, for you're ordained unto good works. So imitate those who do good.
John may well be saying that it's doubtful if Diotrephes is even a Christian. And I will tell you, folks, there are many churches ruled by Diotrephes-like personalities who claim to be Christians and claim to be spiritual leaders but in fact are not even Christians at all because they do evil to the servants of God and they live to elevate themselves. They have not seen God. Another way to say they don't know God...they don't know God.
So John is again writing this beautiful little letter to his beloved friend, Gaius, whom he calls beloved repeatedly whom he loves in the truth, to tell him that he needs to embrace the traveling missionaries, the traveling preachers of the truth for the sake of the extension of the gospel and not be intimidated by a man who loves to have the preeminence, who tries to shut this down for the sake of his own glory. Likely then, the primary purpose of the letter was to accompany Demetrius who was coming to visit that area. It may well be that the letter was given to Gaius from the hand of Demetrius sent by John. Demetrius hands him the letter and says, "I'm the man of whom John writes." Demetrius, says John in verse 12, has received a good testimony. You receive this man. He is one of those mentioned in verse 7 who has gone out for the sake of the name, he is one of those accepting nothing from the Gentiles. Verse 8, one of those we ought to support, one of those with whom we can be fellow-workers with the truth. Demetrius, a name coming from Demeter, the goddess of fields and crops, another Gentile name. But do you know that in the Old Testament how many...if something was to be affirmed as true, how many witnesses were needed? Two or three, right? Everything had to be confirmed in the mouth of two or three witnesses, Deuteronomy 17:6, Deuteronomy 19:15. Notice three witnesses to Demetrius in verse 12. He's received a good testimony, first from everyone. Do you know very many people like that? From everyone, hupapanton(?), all. The testimony of everyone to Demetrius in the past remains valid in the present, perfect passive. He has received an ongoing and continually good testimony from everyone. Second witness, "And from the truth itself." That is to say you can measure him by his doctrine, you can measure him by the truth. He is loyal to the truth. And again, it's an ongoing thing, the truth he professes and the truth he preaches is the truth he embodies and lives. It is self-evident and always has been. And thirdly, verse 12, he says, "And we also bear witness." John says we bear witness. We continue to bear witness. Gaius, if you have any question about this man, everybody will testify to his character and his faithfulness. The truth will testify to his character and faithfulness, he can be measured against it. And we also as an Apostle bear witness and you know that our witness is true. You know you can trust me.
How do you know a man's worth? What does everybody say about him? How does his life match up with Scripture? And what do Christian leaders say about him? And when you get a man who passes muster on all three of those, open your arms, notwithstanding Diotrephes or anybody else, and embrace the man.
Well that closes the letter on hospitality, really, and a short one. And again, underlying all of this is the truth. The truth needs to be spread. If it's going to be spread, the church has to support the preachers of the truth and the missionaries. We have to embrace them when they're faithful to the truth. We can't see them as a threat to our positions of power and preeminence. If we're going to follow an example, may it be an example of one who sacrificially loves, not one who seeks to be preeminent, lest we betray the fact that we may not know God at all.
And then comes the closing, very parallel to the closing of 2 John, so we'll just look at it briefly. "I had many things to write to you, I'm not willing to write them to you with pen and ink." You remember what we read at the end of 2 John? "Having many things to write to you, I do not want to do so with paper and ink," exactly the same thing. Verse 14, "I hope to see you shortly." I want to come and see you. Same thing he said to the lady and her family in the second epistle, "I hope to come to you and speak face to face so that your joy may be made full." And I told you that actually means mouth to mouth. I don't want to say anymore than this in a letter. I want to come and see you face to face.
And then he closes, "Peace be to you," and I'm sure he wished that peace could pervade that congregation. And then he adds, "The friends greet you," which adds intimacy to the brothers, Gaius and John must have had mutual friends that they both knew. And then he adds, "Greet the friends...I love this...by name." John, the beloved Apostle John, the great Apostle, the last Apostle who had that amazing life with our Lord Jesus Christ, who lived into his nineties, who was now the only Apostle left who had absorbed so many friendships and relationships, still knew the names...still knew the names of the people in his life. And he closes out his last letter by affirming how important friendship is, fellowship is, and peace in the church.
Three great truths stand out and I'll close. Verse 3, know the truth and walk in it. Second, be hospitable to others who preach the truth. Third principle, pattern your life after godly examples. And then there will be peace in the church and God will be glorified in His church.
Well, Father, we thank You tonight for this insight into what seems such a small thing and yet how really critical it is that the church be what You want it to be. Protect Your church from evil men who rise to power and protect Your faithful servants from the Diotrephes of this world who bring grief and pain and sadness to those who want to serve faithfully, not just for the sake of the servant but for the sake of the church. Protect Your church. We pray that Your church would be under the leadership of the humble, the godly and the faithful, those loyal to the truth who are selfless and sacrificial, that You truly might be glorified in Your church. And may we with open arms embrace with love all those faithful preachers and missionaries, may we never be so foolish as to be threatened by anybody who comes to us from You. We pray, Lord, that You'll continue to bless our church with protection from this. May we continue to know Your grace that humbles us. For this we'll give You praise because our hearts' desire is that Christ would be glorified in His church and not any man ever. We pray in His name. Amen.
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