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|Template:Image array
|Total population
|Canada 35,702,707 est.[1]
|Regions with significant populations
|United States
|Hong Kong
|United Kingdom
|People's Republic of China
|South Korea
|New Zealand
|Trinidad and Tobago
Canadian English and Canadian French
Numerous indigenous languages are also recognized.
|Multiple denominations
Canadians (French: Canadiens) are the people who are identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Canadians, several (frequently all) of those types of connections exist and are the source(s) of their being considered Canadians.
The majority of the population is made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants. Following the initial period of French and then the much larger British colonization, different waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-aboriginal peoples took place over the course of nearly two centuries and continue today. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada and thus a Canadian identity. Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States.
Canadian independence from Great Britain grew gradually over the course of many years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire amongst Canadians to have their country recognized as a fully-fledged sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Legislative independence was established with the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Canadian Citizenship Act of 1946 took effect on January 1, 1947, and full sovereignty was achieved with the patriation of the constitution in 1982. Canada's nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom. Legislation since the mid 20th century represents Canadians' commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development.
As of 2010 Canadians make up 0.5% of the world's total population,[4] having relied upon immigration for population growth and social development.[5] Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants,[6] and 20 percent of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country.[7] Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent.[8] Aboriginal peoples, according to the 2011 Canadian Census, numbered at 1,400,685 or 4.3% of the country's 33,476,688 population.[9]
The French originally settled New France, in present-day Quebec and Ontario; and Acadia, in present day Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, during the early part of the 17th century.[10][11] Approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture.[12][13] During the 18th and 19th century; immigration westward (to the area known as Rupert's Land) was carried out by "Voyageurs"; French settlers working for the North West Company; and by British settlers (English and Scottish) representing the Hudson's Bay Company, coupled with independent entrepreneurial woodsman called "Coureur des bois".[14] This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, an ethnic group of mixed European and First Nations parentage.[15]
The British conquest of New France was preceded by a small number of Germans and Swedes who settled alongside the Scottish in Port Royal, Nova Scotia,[16] while some Irish immigrated to the Colony of Newfoundland.[17] In the wake of the 1775 invasion of Canada by the newly formed Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, approximately 60,000 United Empire Loyalist fled to British North America, a large portion of whom migrated to New Brunswick.[18] After the War of 1812, British (including British army regulars), Scottish and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Rupert's Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada.[19]
Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America, mainly from the British Isles as part of the great migration of Canada.[20] These new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia.[21] The Irish Potato Famine of the 1840s significantly increased the pace of Irish immigration to Prince Edward Island and the Province of Canada, with over 35,000 distressed individuals landing in Toronto in 1847 and 1848.[22][23] Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island and Colony of British Columbia peaked with the onset of the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush.[24] The Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway.[25]
|United States
|United Kingdom
|South Korea
|Top 10 Total
The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, since the establishment of the Canadian Confederation in 1867.[27] From the mid- to late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted "Home Children" from Britain.[28] Block settlement communities were established throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves.[29] Canada was now receiving a large number of European immigrants, predominately Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles, and Ukrainians.[30] Legislative restrictions on immigration (such as the Continuous journey regulation and Chinese Immigration Act) that had favoured British and other European immigrants were amended in the 1960s, opening the doors to immigrants from all parts of the world.[31] While the 1950s had still seen high levels of immigration by Europeans, by the 1970s, immigrants were increasingly Chinese, Indian, Vietnamese, Jamaican and Haitian.[32] During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Canada received many American Vietnam War draft dissenters.[33] Throughout the late 1980s and 1990s, Canada's growing Pacific trade brought with it a large influx of South Asians, who tended to settle in British Columbia.[34] Immigrants of all backgrounds tend to settle in the major urban centres.[35][36]
The majority of illegal immigrants come from the southern provinces of the People's Republic of China, with Asia as a whole, Eastern Europe, Caribbean, Africa and the Middle East all contributing to the illegal population.[37] Estimates of numbers of illegal immigrants range between 35,000 and 120,000.[38] A 2008 report by the Auditor General of Canada Sheila Fraser stated that Canada has lost track of approximately 41,000 illegal immigrants whose visas have expired.[39]
Citizenship and diaspora
Canadian citizenship is typically obtained by birth in Canada or by birth or adoption abroad when at least one biological parent or adoptive parent is a Canadian citizen who was born in Canada or naturalized in Canada (and did not receive citizenship by being born outside of Canada to a Canadian citizen).[40] It can also be granted to a permanent resident who lives in Canada for three out of four years and meets specific requirements.[41] Canada established its own nationality law in 1946 with the enactment of the Canadian Citizenship Act which took effect on January 1, 1947.[42] The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, was passed by the Parliament of Canada in 2001 as Bill C-11, which replaced the Immigration Act of 1976 as the primary federal legislation regulating immigration.[43] Prior to the conferring of legal status on Canadian citizenship, Canada's naturalization laws consisted of a multitude of Acts beginning with the Immigration Act of 1910.[44]
According to Citizenship and Immigration Canada, there are three main classifications for immigrants: Family class (persons closely related to Canadian residents), Economic class (admitted on the basis of a point system that accounts for age, health and labour-market skills required for cost effectively inducting the immigrants into Canada's labour market) and Refugee class (those seeking protection by applying to remain in the country by way of the Canadian immigration and refugee law).[45] In 2008, there were 65,567 immigrants in the family class, 21,860 refugees, and 149,072 economic immigrants amongst the 247,243 total immigrants to the country.[6] Canada resettles over one in 10 of the world's refugees[46] and has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world.[47]
As of a 2010 report by the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, there were 2.8 million Canadian citizens abroad.[48] This represents about 8% of the total Canadian population.[48] Of those living abroad, the United States, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, Taiwan, China, and Lebanon have the largest Canadian diaspora. Canadians in the United States constitute the greatest single expatriate community at over 1 million in 2009, representing 35.8% of all Canadians abroad.[49] Under current Canadian law, Canada does not restrict dual citizenship but Passport Canada encourages its citizens to travel abroad on their Canadian passport, so they can access Canadian consular services.[50]
Ethnic ancestry
Canada has 34 ethnic groups with at least 100,000 members each, of which 11 have over 1 million people and numerous others are represented in smaller amounts.[Note 1] According to the 2006 census, the largest self-reported ethnic origin is "Canadian" (32%),[Note 2] followed by English (21%), French (15.8%), Scottish (15.1%), Irish (13.9%), German (10.2%), Italian (4.6%), Chinese (4.3%), North American Indian (4.0%),[Note 3] Ukrainian (3.9%), and Dutch (Netherlands) (3.3%).[51] In the 2006 census, over five million Canadians identified themselves as a member of a visible minority. Together, they make up 16.2% of the total population: most numerous among these are South Asian (4.0%), Black (2.5%), and Filipino (1.1%).[51] Aboriginal peoples are not considered a visible minority under the Employment Equity Act,[52] and this is the definition that Statistics Canada also uses.
|Ethnic origin[Note 1]
|Area of largest proportion
|Canadian[Note 2]
|Quebec (66.2%)
|Newfoundland and Labrador (43.2%)
| French
|Quebec (28.9%)
|Prince Edward Island (40.5%)
|Prince Edward Island (29.2%)
|Saskatchewan (30.0%)
|Ontario (7.2%)
|British Columbia (10.6%)
|North American Indian[Note 3]
|Northwest Territories (36.5%)
|Manitoba (14.8%)
|Dutch (Netherlands)
|Alberta (5.3%)
|Manitoba (7.3%)
|East Indian
|British Columbia (5.7%)
|Manitoba (4.3%)
|Yukon (3.1%)
|Manitoba (3.5%)
|Saskatchewan (7.2%)
|Ontario (2.4%)
|Northwest Territories (6.9%)
| British Canadian
(Those not included elsewhere.)
|Yukon (2.3%)
|Saskatchewan (3.5%)
|British Columbia (1.3%)
|Yukon (2.0%)
|Hungarian (Magyar)
|Saskatchewan (2.9%)
|Ontario (1.5%)
- For a complete list see: Canadian ethnic groups
Canada's culture is a product of its ethnicities, languages, religions, political and legal system(s). Being a settler nation, Canada has been shaped by waves of migration that have combined to form a unique blend of art, cuisine, literature, humour and music.[53] Today, Canada has a diverse makeup of nationalities and constitutional protection for policies that promote multiculturalism rather than cultural assimilation.[54] In Quebec, cultural identity is strong, and many French-speaking commentators speak of a Quebec culture as distinguished from English Canadian culture.[55] However, as a whole, Canada is a cultural mosaic: a collection of several regional, aboriginal, and ethnic subcultures.[56][57]
Canadian government policies such as official bilingualism; publicly funded health care; higher and more progressive taxation; outlawing capital punishment; strong efforts to eliminate poverty; strict gun control; leniency in regard to drug use, and, most recently, legalizing same-sex marriage are social indicators of Canada's political and cultural values.[58] American media and entertainment are popular, if not dominant, in English Canada; conversely, many Canadian cultural products and entertainers are successful in the United States and worldwide.[59] The Government of Canada has also influenced culture with programs, laws and institutions. It has created Crown corporations to promote Canadian culture through media and has also tried to protect Canadian culture by setting legal minimums on Canadian content.[60]
Canadian culture has historically been influenced by Aboriginal, French and British cultures and traditions. Most of Canada's territory was inhabited and developed later than other European colonies in the Americas, with the result that themes and symbols of pioneers, trappers, and traders were important in the early development of the Canadian identity.[61] First Nations played a critical part in the development of European colonies in Canada, particularly for their role in assisting exploration of the continent during the North American fur trade.[62] The British conquest of New France in the mid-1700s brought a large Francophone population under British Imperial rule, creating a need for compromise and accommodation.[63] The new British rulers left alone much of the religious, political, and social culture of the French-speaking habitants, guaranteeing through the Quebec Act of 1774 the right of the Canadiens to practise the Catholic faith and to use French civil law (now Quebec law).[64]
The Constitution Act of 1867 was designed to meet the growing calls of Canadians for autonomy from British rule, while avoiding the overly strong decentralization that contributed to the Civil War in the United States.[65] The compromises made by the Fathers of Confederation set Canadians on a path to bilingualism, and this in turn contributed to an acceptance of diversity.[66][67]
The Canadian Forces and overall civilian participation in the First World War and Second World War helped to foster Canadian nationalism,[68][69][70] however in 1917 and 1944 conscription crisis' highlighted the considerable rift along ethnic lines between Anglophones and Francophones.[71] As a result of the First and Second World Wars, the Government of Canada became more assertive and less deferential to British authority.[72] With the gradual loosening of political ties to the United Kingdom and the modernization of Canadian immigration policies, 20th-century immigrants with African, Caribbean and Asian nationalities have added to the Canadian identity and its culture.[73] The multiple-origins immigration pattern continues today with the arrival of large numbers of immigrants from non-British or non-French backgrounds.[74]
Multiculturalism in Canada was adopted as the official policy of the government during the premiership of Pierre Elliot Trudeau in the 1970s and 1980s.[75] The Canadian government has often been described as the instigator of multicultural ideology because of its public emphasis on the social importance of immigration.[76] Multiculturalism is administered by the Department of Citizenship and Immigration and reflected in the law through the Canadian Multiculturalism Act[77] and section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[78]
Canada as a nation is religiously diverse, encompassing a wide range of groups, beliefs and customs.[80] The preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms references "God", and the monarch carries the title of "Defender of the Faith".[81] However Canada has no official religion, and support for religious pluralism (Freedom of religion in Canada) is an important part of Canada's political culture.[82][83] With Christianity on decline, having once been central and integral to Canadian culture and daily life;[84] commentators have suggested that Canada has come to enter a post-Christian period in a secular state,[85][86] with irreligion in Canada on the rise.[87] The majority of Canadians consider religion to be unimportant in their daily lives, but still believe in God.[88] The practice of religion is now generally considered a private matter throughout society and within the state.[89]
The 2011 Canadian census reported that 67.3% of Canadians identify as being Christians; of this number, Catholics make up the largest group, accounting for 38.7 percent of the population.[79] The largest Protestant denomination is the United Church of Canada (accounting for 6.1% of Canadians); followed by Anglicans (5.0%), and Baptists (1.9%).[79] About 23.9% of Canadians declare no religious affiliation, including agnostics, atheists, humanists, and other groups.[79] The remaining are affiliated with non-Christian religions, the largest of which is Islam (3.2%), followed by Hinduism (1.5%), Sikhism (1.4%), Buddhism (1.1%), and Judaism (1.0%).[79]
Before the arrival of European colonists and explorers, First Nations followed a wide array of mostly animistic religions.[90] During the colonial period, the French settled along the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, specifically Latin Rite Roman Catholics, including a number of Jesuits dedicated to converting Aboriginals; an effort that eventually proved successful.[91] The first large Protestant communities were formed in the Maritimes after the British conquest of New France, followed by American Protestant settlers displaced by the American Revolution.[92] The late nineteenth century saw the beginning of a substantive shift in Canadian immigration patterns. Large numbers of Irish and Southern Europeans immigrants were creating new Roman Catholic communities in English Canada.[93] The settlement of the west brought significant Eastern Orthodox immigrants from Eastern Europe and Mormon and Pentecostal immigrants from the United States.[94]
The earliest documentation of Jewish presence in Canada occurs in the 1754 British Army records from the French and Indian War.[95] In 1760, General Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst attacked and won Montreal for the British. In his regiment there were several Jews, including four among his officer corps, most notably Lieutenant Aaron Hart who is considered the father of Canadian Jewry.[95] The Islamic, Sikh, Hindu and Buddhist communities, although small, are as old as the nation itself. The 1871 Canadian Census (first "Canadian" national census) indicated thirteen Muslims among the populace,[96] with approximately 5000 Sikh by 1908.[97] The first Canadian mosque was constructed in Edmonton, in 1938, when there were approximately 700 Muslims in Canada.[98] Buddhism first arrived in Canada when Japanese immigrated during the late 19th century.[84] The first Japanese Buddhist temple in Canada was built in Vancouver in 1905.[99] The influx of immigrants in the late 20th century, with Sri Lankan, Japanese, Indian and Southeast Asian customs, has contributed to the recent expansion of the Sikh, Hindu and Buddhist communities.[100]
A multitude of languages are used by 35 million Canadians, with English and French (the official languages) being the mother tongues of approximately 60% and 20% of Canadians respectively.[101] In 2011, nearly 6.8 million Canadians listed a non-official language as their mother tongue.[102] Some of the most common non-official first languages include Chinese (mainly Cantonese; 1,072,555 first-language speakers), Punjabi (430,705), Spanish (410,670), German (409,200), and Italian (407,490).[103] Less than one percent of Canadians (just over 250,000 individuals) can speak an aboriginal language. About half this number (129,865) reported using an aboriginal language on a daily basis.[104]
English and French are recognized by the Constitution of Canada as official languages.[105] Thus all federal government laws are enacted in both English and French with government services available in both languages.[105] Two of Canada's territories give official status to indigenous languages. In Nunavut, Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun are official languages alongside the national languages of English and French, and Inuktitut is a common vehicular language in territorial government.[106] In the Northwest Territories, the Official Languages Act declares that there are eleven different languages: Chipewyan, Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ.[107] Multicultural media are widely accessible across the county and offer specialty television channels, newspapers and other publications in many minority languages.[108]
In Canada, as elsewhere in the world of European colonies, the frontier of European exploration and settlement tended to be a linguistically diverse and fluid place, as cultures using different languages met and interacted. The need for a common means of communication between the indigenous inhabitants and new arrivals for the purposes of trade, and (in some cases) intermarriage, led to the development of Mixed languages.[109] Languages like Michif, Chinook Jargon and Bungi creole tended to be highly localized and were often spoken by only a small number of individuals who were frequently capable of speaking another language.[110]
See also
- Canuck
- Demographics of Canada
- List of Canadians
- Persons of National Historic Significance
- List of Prime Ministers of Canada
- 16x16px Canada – Wikipedia book
- ^ a b c Data for ethnic origin were collected by self-declaration, so labels may not necessarily describe the true (genetic) ancestry of respondents. Many respondents also acknowledged multiple ancestries, thus the data reflect both single and multiple responses and may exceed the total population count. Source: "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada - Data table". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2011-01-16. Additional data: "2006 Census release topics". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
- ^ a b c All citizens of Canada are classified as "Canadians" as defined by Canada's nationality laws. However since 1996, "Canadian" as an ethnic group has been added to census questionnaires for possible ancestry. "Canadian" was included as an example on the English questionnaire and "Canadien" as an example on the French questionnaire. "The majority of respondents to this selection are from the eastern part of the country that was first settled. Respondents generally are visibly European (Anglophones and Francophones), however no-longer self identify with their ethnic ancestral origins. This response is attributed to a multitude and/or generational distance from ancestral lineage. Source 1: Jack Jedwab (April 2008). "Our 'Cense' of Self: the 2006 Census saw 1.6 million 'Canadian'" (PDF). Association for Canadian Studies. Retrieved 2011-03-07. Source 2: Don Kerr (2007). The Changing Face of Canada: Essential Readings in Population. Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 313–317. ISBN 978-1-55130-322-2.
- ^ a b c The category "North American Indian" includes respondents who indicated that their ethnic origins were from a Canadian First Nation, or another non-Canadian North American aboriginal group (excluding Inuit and Métis). Source: "How Statistics Canada Identifies Aboriginal Peoples". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
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- ^ S&S Learning Materials. Exploring Canada Gr. 4-6. On The Mark Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-77072-758-8.
- ^ Nersessian, Mary (April 9, 2007). "Vimy battle marks birth of Canadian nationalism". CTV Television Network. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
- ^ "Forging Our Legacy: Canadian Citizenship And Immigration, 1900–1977 – The growth of Canadian nationalism". Citizenship and Immigration Canada. 2006. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
- ^ Paul-André Linteau; René Durocher; Jean-Claude Robert (1983). Quebec: A History 1867-1929. James Lorimer & Company. p. 522. ISBN 978-0-88862-604-2.
- ^ "Canada and the League of Nations". Faculty.marianopolis.edu. 2007. Retrieved 2010-08-10.
- ^ Örn Bodvar Bodvarsson; Hendrik Van den Berg (2009). The economics of immigration: theory and policy. Springer. p. 380. ISBN 978-3-540-77795-3.
- ^ Giuliana B. Prato (2009). Beyond multiculturalism: views from anthropology. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-7546-7173-2.
- ^ James S. Duncan; David Ley (1993). Place/culture/representation. Routledge. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-415-09451-1.
- ^ Wayland, Shara (1997). "Immigration, Multiculturalism and National Identity in Canada" (PDF). University of Toronto Department of Political Science. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
- ^ "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Being Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982)". Electronic Frontier Canada. 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
- ^ "Canadian Multiculturalism Act (1985, c. 24 (4th Supp.)". Department of Justice Canada. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-12.
- ^ a b c d e "Religions in Canada—Census 2011". Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada.
- ^ Dianne R. Hales; Lara Lauzon (2009). An Invitation to Health. Cengage Learning. p. 440. ISBN 978-0-17-650009-2.
- ^ Colin MacMillan Coates; University of Edinburgh. Centre of Canadian Studies (2006). Majesty in Canada: essays on the role of royalty. Dundurn Press Ltd. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-55002-586-6.
- ^ "Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982)". Department of Justice Canada. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
- ^ Gary Miedema (December 19, 2005). For Canada's Sake: Public Religion, Centennial Celebrations, and the Re-making of Canada in the 1960s. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-7735-2877-2.
- ^ a b Paul Bramadat; David Seljak (2009). Religion and Ethnicity in Canada. University of Toronto Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4426-1018-7.
- ^ Kurt Bowen (2004). Christians in a Secular World: The Canadian Experience. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-7735-7194-5.
- ^ Derek Gregory; Ron Johnston; Geraldine Pratt; Michael Watts; Sarah Whatmore (2009). The Dictionary of Human Geography. John Wiley & Sons. p. 672. ISBN 978-1-4443-1056-6.
- ^ J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices. p. 493. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
- ^ Dr. David M. Haskell (Wilfrid Laurier University) (2009). Through a Lens Darkly: How the News Media Perceive and Portray Evangelicals. Clements Publishing Group. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-894667-92-0.
- ^ Kevin Boyle; Juliet Sheen (2013). Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report. University of Essex - Routledge. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-134-72229-7.
- ^ Elizabeth Tooker (1979). Native North American spirituality of the eastern woodlands: sacred myths, dreams, visions, speeches, healing formulas, rituals, and ceremonials. Paulist Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-8091-2256-1.
- ^ John E. Findling; Frank W. Thackeray (2010). What Happened? An Encyclopedia of Events That Changed America Forever. ABC-CLIO. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-59884-622-5.
- ^ Roderick MacLeod; Mary Anne Poutanen (2004). Meeting of the People: School Boards and Protestant Communities in Quebec, 1801B1998. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-7735-7183-9.
- ^ John Powell (2009). Encyclopedia of North American Immigration. Infobase Publishing. p. 152. ISBN 978-1-4381-1012-7.
- ^ Martynowych, Orest T (1991). Ukrainians in Canada: The Formative Period, 1891-1924. Canadian Inst. of Ukrainian Studies Press, University of Alberta. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-920862-76-6.
- ^ a b Jon Bloomberg (2004). The Jewish World In The Modern Age. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-88125-844-8.
- ^ Harold G. Coward; Leslie S. Kawamura (1978). Religion and Ethnicity: Essays. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-88920-064-7.
- ^ Harold G. Coward; John Russell Hinnells; Williams, Raymond Brady (2000). The South Asian religious diaspora in Britain, Canada, and the United States. SUNY Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-7914-9302-1.
- ^ Earle Howard Waugh; Sharon McIrvin Abu-Laban; Regula Qureshi (1991). Muslim families in North America. University of Alberta. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-88864-225-7.
- ^ N. Rochelle Yamagishi (2010). Japanese Canadian Journey: The Nakagama Story. Trafford Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-4269-8148-7.
- ^ C.D. Naik (2003). Thoughts and Philosophy of Doctor B.R. Ambedkar. Sarup & Sons. p. 32. ISBN 978-81-7625-418-2.
- ^ a b "Population by mother tongue and age groups (total), 2011 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories". Retrieved October 5, 2014.
- ^ "What Languages Do Canadians Speak? Language Statistics From the 2011 Census of Canada". About.com: Canada Online. October 31, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ^ "Population by mother tongue, by province and territory". Statistics Canada. January 2013. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
- ^ Gordon, Raymond G Jr. (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (15 ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-159-X. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
- ^ a b "Official Languages Act - 1985, c. 31 (4th Supp.)". Act current to July 11th, 2010. Department of Justice. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
- ^ "Nunavut's Languages". Office of the Languages Commissioner of Nunavut. Retrieved 2009-11-16.
- ^ "Highlights of the Official Languages Act". Legislative Assembly of the NWT. 2003. Retrieved 2010-10-12.
- ^ Louisa S. Ha; Richard J. Ganahl (2007). Webcasting Worldwide: Business Models of an Emerging Global Medium. Routledge. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8058-5915-7.
- ^ Donald Winford (2003). An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. Wiley. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-631-21251-5.
- ^ Stephen Adolphe Wurm; Peter Mühlhäusler; Darrell T. Tyron (1996). Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas: Maps. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1491. ISBN 978-3-11-013417-9.
Further reading
- Bart Beaty; Derek Briton; Gloria Filax (2010). How Canadians Communicate III: Contexts of Canadian Popular Culture. Athabasca University Press. ISBN 978-1-897425-59-6.
- J. M. Bumsted (2003). Canada's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-672-9.
- David Carment; David Bercuson (2008). The World in Canada: Diaspora, Demography, and Domestic Politics. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. ISBN 978-0-7735-7455-7.
- Andrew Cohen (2008). The Unfinished Canadian: The People We Are. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-2286-9.
- Mark Kearney; Randy Ray (2009). The Big Book of Canadian Trivia. Dundurn. ISBN 978-1-77070-614-9.
- Ninette Kelley; M. J. Trebilcock (2010). The Making of the Mosaic: A History of Canadian Immigration Policy. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-9536-7.
- Philip Resnick (2005). The European Roots Of Canadian Identity. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-55111-705-8.
- Madeline A. Richard (1992). Ethnic Groups and Marital Choices: Ethnic History and Marital Assimilation in Canada, 1871 and 1971. UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0431-8.
- Simpson, Jeffrey (2000). <span />'Star-Spangled Canadians: Canadians Living the American Dream (1st ed.). Toronto: Harper-Collins. ISBN 0002557673.
- Irvin Studin (September 19, 2006). What Is a Canadian?: Forty-Three Thought-Provoking Responses. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-8321-1.
- "CBC"; Don Gillmor; Pierre Turgeon (2002). Canada: A People's History Vol-1 1. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-3324-7.
- "CBC"; Don Gillmor; Pierre Turgeon; Achille Michaud (2002). Canada: A People's History Vol-2. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-3336-0.
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canadians.
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Canadians
- Canada Year Book 2010 - Statistics Canada
- Canada: A People's History - Teacher Resources - Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
- Persons of National Historic Significance in Canada - Parks Canada
- Multicultural Canada - Department of Canadian Heritage
- The Canadian Immigrant Experience - Library and Archives Canada
- The Dictionary of Canadian Biography – Library and Archives Canada
- Canadiana: The National Bibliography of Canada – Library and Archives Canada
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text:
OS X includes excellent text-to-speech capabilities, activated in System Preferences/Speech/Text-To-Speech or doing Command + F5 to turn on VoiceOver (System Preferences/Universal Access/Seeing/VoiceOver). Unfortunately the supplied voices only do English. Users who need other languages need to acquire third-party voices and sometimes use non-Apple applications.
Speechissimo and Cepstral offer French, German, Italian, and Spanish.
AssistiveWare has several different products. TextParrot offers French, German, Italian, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Flemish, Spanish, Portuguese, Norwegian, and Swedish. For more features, there are Infovox iVox, VisoVoice, and Proloquo.
The application Key5 has a Chinese text-to-speech module.
DTalker is said to be able to do Japanese text-to-speech.
OS X 10.5 Leopard, to be released the spring of 2007, is expected to include expanded support for foreign language add-on speech synthesizers, including Chinese and Japanese.
Sunday, January 21, 2007
Getting Your Mac to Speak Other Languages
Posted by Tom Gewecke at 8:54 AM
4 comments:
- free ps3 said...
Thanks for the nice post!
- September 3, 2007 at 4:57:00 PM MDT
- gweipo said...
Any update on Chinese reading on the Mac?
- March 25, 2010 at 6:54:00 AM MDT
- Tom Gewecke said...
gweipo -- The new iPad is supposed to have VoiceOver in 21 languages, so perhaps Apple will provide this in the full OS in the future as well.
- March 25, 2010 at 8:07:00 AM MDT
Read4Me can be used to edit and read chinese, supports text to speech, save to audio file, audiobook
Also tagging, voice change,
- June 28, 2012 at 3:48:00 AM MDT
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

subset: commoncrawl


text: Artist: Curren$y f/ Wale Album: The Stoned Immaculate Song: What it Look Like Typed by: AZ Lyrics [Intro: Wale] We blessed to be here It's a blessing for you to be here with us MMG shit, Jet Life, BOA, fuck y'all What it look like My niggas fly niggas, this is Jet Life For the occasion, paper planes [Chorus: Wale] Look, what it look like My niggas fly niggas, this is Jet Life Yea! Look, now roll my J tight Ha! You know what they like Yea! Yea! [Verse 1: Wale] Paris SB's make these niggas catch seizures Foam game shitting on Irish Springs and Lever Ha! I'm more cleaver, clever Whether any weather, nobody doing it better Me and Spitta, Gucci bucket I'm Gilligan Ain't no Skipper but all my bitches is Ginger hair My real estate sweet, yea ginger bread Probably seen meaner bars probably in the feds Double M G forever though Money got me pulling strings, I got that Geppetto dough Always in them better clothes, I be with them better hoes No bullshit, every shy bitch can get a rose Meaning aroused, I'm sorry I'm not too good with vowels I got a thousand bitches, I'm not too good with vows We in Spitta Ferrari, brand new Tiffanys on me Don't fuck with PBS, but man, I'm addicted to Barney's That's G shit, I be bumping Fiend shit And I'm on a roll, you would think they giving me a X Wordplay like a mufucker I'm Durant at the Rucker, your woman's a perfect jumper Wetter than a swish and I never miss Get her out her delicates and I ain't gotta tell her shit Put it on whatever bitch, me and Spitta high as shit Rex Ryan on these hoes, Jet Life forever bitch [Chorus] [Verse 2: Curren$y] The engine in back of my car I'm clearly in a different tax bracket now, dog Mainstream cheese but I ain't acting like y'all Rapping that gabbage, attracting maggots I'm in Dulles waiting on luggage - luxury baggage Four door carriage with the V8 S badges I'm in the mirror of the Panamera Looking at them haters crammed in the Dodge Stratus Can't keep up, get your liters in order 4.8, interior custom, leather suede borders Not mine, I'm with Wale, I'm just a tourist on the set Looking for dangerously hot bitches and safe sex I get mine and I bounce like a bad check You smell the ounce, I ain't even in ya house yet We smoke loud, might have to get your ears checked out After your hoes leave the Jets' hangout Them lames ain't even know the newest planes came out But I'm in every real nigga Cutlass in the parking lot of the Wing Stop bumping So fuck it, I'm platinum in the streets I never gave a fuck and that's what they love She just wanna fuck, homie just wanna hug Rapping roulette, this life is a drug And baby girl can't get enough - fill her up [Chorus x2]


text:
Beef Skewers with Garlicky White Bean Dip
From: The Beef Checkoff
Quick Facts
Servings: 16
Cook Time: 5 min.
Smoked paprika will make these skewers a delicious surprise for your guests.
- 1 lb boneless beef top sirloin steak, cut 1 inch thick
- 1 tsp garlic-pepper seasoning
- 1/4 tsp smoked paprika
- Garlicky White Bean Dip1 can (15-1/2 ounces) great Northern beans or cannellini beans, rinsed, drained
- 2 Tbs water
- 1 Tbs sherry or balsamic vinegar
- 1 Tbs plus 2 teaspoons extra virgin olive oil, divided
- 1 clove garlic, chopped
- 1/2 tsp salt
- 1/2 tsp smoked paprika
- To prepare Garlicky White Bean Dip, place beans, water, vinegar, 1 tablespoon olive oil, garlic and salt in food processor or blender container. Cover; process until smooth. Spoon 1/2 of bean dip into clear serving bowl; sprinkle with 1/4 teaspoon paprika and drizzle with 1 teaspoon olive oil. Top with remaining bean dip, 1/4 teaspoon paprika and 1 teaspoon olive oil. Cover; set aside.
- Soak sixteen 6-inch bamboo skewers in water 10 minutes; drain. Meanwhile cut beef steak crosswise into 1/4-inch thick strips. Thread beef, weaving back and forth, onto each skewer. Combine garlic-pepper seasoning and 1/4 teaspoon paprika; sprinkle evenly over beef.
- Place skewers on rack in broiler pan so surface of beef is 2 to 3 inches from heat. Broil about 4 to 5 minutes for medium rare (145°F) to medium (160°F) doneness, turning once. Serve with Garlicky White Bean Dip.
Nutrition Facts
Calories 68
Calories from Fat 24 (35%)
(5%) Total Fat 3g
(0%) Saturated Fat 0g
Polyunsaturated Fat 0g
Monounsaturated Fat 0g
(4%) Cholesterol 12mg
(9%) Sodium 215mg
(0%) Potassium 0mg
Total Carbohydrate 4g
(5%) Dietary Fiber 1g
Sugars 0g
Sugar Alcohols 0g
(16%) Protein 8g
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Nutrition facts are calculated by a food expert using nutritional values provided by the USDA for common products used as recipe ingredients. Actual nutritional values may differ depending on the amounts or products used and can be affected by cooking methods.
Copyright © 2019 Healthnotes, Inc. All rights reserved. www.healthnotes.com
Read our healthy recipe definitions.
Learn more about Healthnotes, the company.
The information presented here is for informational purposes only and was created by a team of US–registered dietitians and food experts. Consult your doctor, practitioner, and/or pharmacist for any health problem and before using any supplements, making dietary changes, or before making any changes in prescribed medications. Information expires December 2019.


text:
Wednesday, February 22, 2012
How To Cook (and Eat) an Artichoke: An Easy Lesson with Pictures
I had to look in a few cookbooks to figure out what to do with this big pokey thing, but once I figured it out, it was easy! Here's your lesson, in just a few easy steps: how to cook and eat an artichoke.
First, go to the grocery store and buy a nice, big, firm, heavy artichoke. It looks like this:
Rinse it under cold running water and shake off the excess. Use a kitchen knife to cut off the stem. You can save and steam it along with your artichoke; it is very good peeled. Mine didn't have a long stem so I tossed it. Then use your knife to cut off about an inch off the top. Take some scissors or kitchen shears and cut off the tip of each leaf. They are kind of pointy on the end, so this will keep you from getting poked while you cook and eat it. Plus it just looks prettier trimmed.
Now put a few inches of water in the bottom of a big pot and bring it to a boil. You can add things to the water to flavor the artichoke, like lemon, herbs, a bay leaf, or garlic, but I usually don't bother. If you have a steamer basket, use it. You can also set a metal colander over the pot instead. Put the artichoke in the basket or colander and cover it loosely with a lid or aluminum foil. Steam it for about 30 minutes. Smaller artichokes might take 20-25 minutes while giant ones might take 40. You can tell it is done by turning it over and poking the center base with a fork; it should be tender, and the leaves should pull off very easily without effort. Undercooked artichoke is hard and not good.
Remove the steamed artichoke to a plate and cool slightly so you don't burn your fingers eating it. Enjoying an artichoke is a ritual and takes time, but is so relaxing and enjoyable to me. If you are working on eating slowly, an artichoke is your best friend.
Once it is cool enough to handle, turn it over and start peeling off the leaves one at a time. There will be a little lump of tender flesh at the base of each leaf, see?
You scrape that flesh off with your teeth. Do not eat the leaves! Yuck! They are tough and fibrous. Just place each leaf between your front teeth, bite down, and pull the leaf out. What you scrape off is the tender flesh.
At first, you will wonder why you bothered. The outer, bottom leaves are the least tasty with the least amount of edible flesh to scrape off. But as you work your way through the artichoke, the leaves get more and more tender, with more yummy flesh to eat. See the leaf with the flesh scraped off?
Keep going. Oh, if you like, you can dip the leaves into a sauce or melted butter. There are recipes online for mayonnaise-based artichoke dipping sauces, but I just like to melt a little butter or "light" butter and/or have my salt shaker handy. So good. Just keep on pulling off leaves and eating...
The leaves get smaller and more tender until you can just bite off the very base of the small leaves. Then all of a sudden you have this:
Do not eat the fuzz! Yuck! Gross! That is called the "choke" and believe me, if you try to eat it you will know why. Instead, now is a good time to empty all those leaves off your plate, and use a spoon or small knife to scrape out all the fuzz, leaving behind the crown jewel of artichokes: the heart.
Doesn't look like much, but this is what you worked for! This is the best part. Slice it up and eat it with a fork, dipping it in butter if you like. It is so delicious and tender and to me tastes *nothing* like those marinated ones in a jar. This is a real, yummy vegetable, slightly reminiscent of tender, fresh sweet corn. It has a flavor all its own. You really have to try it.
One large artichoke (edible parts) has only 60 calories and gives you 4 g protein, 13 g carbs, 6 g fiber, no fat, 20% RDA of vitamin C, 8% RDA of iron, and 6% RDA of calcium. It is very much worth the effort and feels like a special indulgence every time I have one. If you haven't tried one, I hope this inspires you. Eat your veggies!
19 comments:
- Kelly said...
You made me wish I liked artichokes! Lyn I have a question and I figure you should know because you've been there doing that. I started Medifast at first of the year, had to quit, the ex has been seriously hurt and has not paid child support in 2 months. So Medifast is something I want to do but can't afford. I like the 2 to 3 hour mind set, didn't get real hungry. Long story short, got blood work back today and now have "boderline" high cholesterol and was told to
continue to try and lose weight but must have low fat and low carb and of course exercise. I know that you have been on South Beach, the diet suggested to me by the doc, so here is the question finally can the two be somehow combined you think? Eating south beach every two hours or so? Going to look
- February 22, 2012 at 11:06 AM
Thank you so much for this -- always wanted to try one and never have because I didn't know how! Brussels sprouts are my latest vegetable love, so this will be two new veggies in one winter for me! Yikes, how unlike me :-)
- February 22, 2012 at 11:22 AM
I'm getting ready to start a Whole30 and I've been looking for some new veggies to try while I'm doing it. Now I'm super excited to try artichoke! Thanks for de-mystifying it for me. :)
- February 22, 2012 at 11:44 AM
- Lyn said...
Eating every 2-3 hours does tend to help stabilize blood sugar. I think doing South Beach on a schedule with some guidelines for the snacks is a good idea. My eating schedule is, loosely, 8am/noon/6pm for meals, and 10am/3pm/8:30pm for snacks. A snack, for me, is about 100 calories, low in carbs, high in protein with some fat. So 100 calories of nuts or broccoli and hummus or berries and Greek yogurt are good ideas. Let me know what you end up doing!
- February 22, 2012 at 12:08 PM
- Becca said...
Thank you Lyn!! I've never cooked artichokes...but I'm going to buy some the next time I go shopping. :)
- February 22, 2012 at 1:20 PM
- Jordan said...
I LOVE artichokes! I cook them in the microwave. Put 1/3-1/2 cup of water in the bottom of a bowl. I use a soup bowl, one that's deeper than it is wide, and the size where the choke fits it well. Put the artichoke in the bowl upside down, so the stem is up (I cut off the stem also). Cover with wax paper and microwave for 3-5 minutes. You know it's done when the flesh is soft enough to pull off with your teeth. Nothing bad happens if you cook it too long. It's easier to eat, that's all.
- February 22, 2012 at 2:15 PM
- Mrs Swan said...
Thank you sooo much! I have always wondered *exactly how to eat one of these.
- February 22, 2012 at 8:22 PM
- als said...
Lovelovelove artichokes!! Good for you for giving them another try! :D
- February 22, 2012 at 10:09 PM
- Diandra said...
May have to try them again, after all. Had canned artichokes last year for the first time, and they were yuck! There must still be a can of them in the pantry somewhere...
- February 23, 2012 at 2:09 AM
- PamL said...
My husband's family introduced me to artichokes. They pour melted butter all over it before starting to eat it. I'll have to try it plain with salt....sounds yummy! I always make my husband clean off the "choke" part. You made it look easy though! :)
- February 23, 2012 at 5:36 AM
- Jaki (Slim Down U) said...
I've never had an artichoke and had no idea how to eat or cook them. Great post! :)
- February 23, 2012 at 7:44 AM
- Xani said...
I just want to say I love artichokes and I love this post! Hooray for celebrating and enjoying healthy REAL foods! :)
p.s. a little mayo thinned with lemon juice is my favorite artichoke dipping sauce.
- February 23, 2012 at 8:09 AM
Lyn! I have looked for illustrated instructions online several times to prepare artichokes and always ended up with a mess of leaves and nothing to eat. I'm vegan and have always wanted to try fresh artichoke. This is the most clear, straightforward guide I've ever seen. Thank you!
- February 23, 2012 at 1:49 PM
- Jamie Mckay said...
I'm going to try this!
- February 23, 2012 at 10:11 PM
- Vickie said...
I put mine up side down in the pan to cook. I am not sure WHY I was taught to do it this way, and it might not make a difference, but I thought I would mention it.
- February 24, 2012 at 6:38 AM
Wow, an interesting, but maybe complicated, way of eating an artichoke! I've never seen them eaten like that.
I live in Italy where artichokes are eaten everywhere and by everyone and they get completely cleanded BEFORE cooking them so that you can eat all of them once they're cooked. You take out the "fuzz" and all the hard and darker outer leaves. You might want to use gloves since artichokes can stain your hands (when they're raw). If you clean more of them before cookign them you can put them into a bowl with lemon and water so that they don't darken. They are often cooked with a lot of oil and some water (delicious!) You can also slice them and cook with just a little bit oil, garlic and water (+white wine) and eat them in an omelette, with pasta, make a risotto etc.
- February 24, 2012 at 1:38 PM
- Lyn said...
I would love to try that. I think you have a different kind/cultivar of artichokes there though; in the US we mainly have Globe artichokes.
- February 24, 2012 at 2:19 PM
Enjoyed your take on how to prepare and eat an artichoke . I was fortunate in having learned this when I was only 17 years old and have enjoyed thm all my life so far- I will be 90 in a month! Myadvice for the lady who needs to lose weight forget South Beach et al--they do not work. Try going vegan and the pounds will literally float off- and you can avoid cancer, reduce diabetes and eliminate heart disease- read The China Study and live a really healthful life! I am a survivor of 4th stage malignant melanoma, I know what I am talking about- we are what we eat remember- there are many foods available without meat-dairy or eggs. just take extra B12and you will get your figure back- God gave us a good diet-read Gen.1:29- we just have not been listening and paying a terrible price for centuries with illness and disease! e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com for more help if interested
God bless you- you won't be sorry!
- August 26, 2013 at 3:40 PM
- Jenni Schwarzkopf said...
I ♡ Artichokes too and since I'm on a diet that includes LOTS of vegetables, now is a great time to bust them out. Thanks for the reminder. xoxo J
- April 2, 2016 at 8:57 AM


text:
No, PR does not look more like advertising
If anything, it's the other way around. Marketing and advertising are morphing more into public relations.
PR Daily recently ran the op-ed, "The PR industry today looks an awful lot like advertising."
Why does it look like this, according to the author?
Because, he says, with social media, blogs and even press releases, PR is going straight to the audience and bypassing traditional media.
According to the article, "It doesn't matter whether they're selling information, clothes, or coupons—they are selling it direct to the audience. So are they advertising or PR-ing?"
No, PR does not look like advertising
What the author is getting after is third-party validation: By skipping the media and publishing to reach audience directly, PR is missing the credibility that is earned through the media.
But he's wrong. Sometimes the press release is the story.
Indeed, PR is defined by third-party party validation, but the media is not the only source of credibility. Every link, tweet, like, Google +1, Stumble, bookmark—any Web connection that shares information—is a form of validation. Individually, they may not make an enormous difference, but over time the aggregate of voices definitely matter.
This is why Yelp reviews rank so well in local search. This is why content marketing is the new branding. It's good old fashioned word of mouth marketing, done online and that answers that important question: I'm thinking about buying X, do you have any recommendations?
To the contrary, marketing looks more like PR
Marketing looks more like PR, and that includes advertising.
Did you hear about that stunt Oreo did during the Superbowl? Sure, everybody did. Was it a paid placement? Nope.
The Oreo social media plug was the brainchild of 360i, a digital marketing firm, that features the fact it made AdAge's 2013 "Agency A-List" and was also named as a best place to work by AdAge in 2011 and 2012 on its website.
Remember the Old Spice campaign? It blended advertising, PR and social media and drove sales, and was created by Wieden + Kennedy, which by its own description is a "creatively driven advertising agency."
Native advertising, the latest new hot thing in advertising is pointedly designed to disguise advertisements as news stories.
Advertising today is engineered to look, feel and function more like PR than advertising … because PR works. Talking to people, engaging with your audience, and reaching out works. Fostering trust, forming relationships and building brands moves content and sells things.
Why is this happening?
Marketing has to shift to function more like PR because consumers are tired of interruption marketing. Technology has given us the means to do that through DVRs, pop-up blockers, and email spam filters to name a few. For many, online advertising is like swatting flies—we bat down the advertisements to get to the good stuff, while marketers continuously try to force feed us paid promotions.
Promoted posts, click-through news stories, and those annoying mini pop-ups that follow you as you scroll a page are among the latest interruptions. People don't hate marketing, they hate those interruptions. They're obstacles that are intentionally placed between readers and the information they seek.
On the Web, attention is a form of currency. I contend it's better to earn it than try to buy it, which is what PR has always done. This is why marketing, and indeed advertising, looks a lot more like PR. It's a change I embrace, and recommend other PR pros do as well.
A version of this article first appeared on Sword & the Script.
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At the ASBMB 2011 annual meeting, the "Lipid and Membrane Metabolism" theme will cover phosphoinositides, sphingolipids, phospholipases D and neutral lipids. The meeting will be held April 9-13, 2011, in Washington, D.C. (Titled "Lipids Take Center Stage" in print version.)
Distinct chemical families of lipids endow divergent biophysical properties to the membranes in which they reside. Thus, lipid distribution between various intracellular organelles must be properly regulated to insure appropriate membrane function. Many different classes of lipids also are known to serve as metabolic precursors to various second messengers or as signaling molecules in their own right. Because lipid signaling pathways interface with highly interdigitated networks of biological processes, diverse territories of intracellular lipid metabolism and trafficking need to be tightly coordinated. The 2011 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology annual meeting "Lipid and Membrane Metabolism" theme focuses on new progress regarding how the metabolism, trafficking, organization and biological functions of major lipid classes are coordinated. The theme consists of the following four sessions.
Phosphoinositides are essential signaling lipids that modulate a diverse set of cellular processes. Phosphoinositide metabolism is subject to exquisite spatial and temporal regulation both at the level of synthesis (by lipid kinases) and degradation (by phospholipases and phosphatases). Yet, many aspects of phosphoinositide function remain unclear.
Click here for more 2011 annual meeting thematic overviews.
For information on annual meeting registration, housing and abstract submission, click here.
In the "Current Topics in Phosphoinositide Biology and Signaling" session, Christopher S. Burd (University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) will discuss his new findings on the roles of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P) in Golgi retrograde trafficking pathways. Julie Brill (The Hospital for Sick Children) will describe her work on physiological functions of PtdIns-4-P production in multicellular organisms using Drosophila as an experimental model.
And, Vytas A. Bankaitis (University of North Carolina School of Medicine) will round out the session by discussing the mechanisms by which PtdIns-transfer proteins act as coincidence detectors for the coupling of disparate pathways from lipid metabolism to production of functionally privileged phosphoinositide signaling pools.
Sphingolipids facilitate the formation of membrane microdomains and act as signaling molecules that regulate a myriad of cellular processes. The "Sphingolipid Metabolism and Biological Regulation" session will feature newly described sphingolipid regulatory mechanisms.
Session: Current Topics in Phosphoinositide Biology and Signaling• Ptdlns-4-kinase Regulation of Protein Sorting in the Golgi Apparatus, Christopher S. Burd, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
• Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate Signaling in Drosophila, Julie Brill, The Hospital for Sick Children
• Coordination of Lipid Metabolism with Phosphoinositide Signaling by Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Proteins of the Sec14 Superfamily, Vytas A. Bankaitis, University of North Carolina School of MedicineSession: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Biological Regulation• Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase and the DNA Damage Response, Julie D. Saba, Children's Hospital Oakland
Research Institute
• The Asthma-associated ORM/ORMDL Family Proteins Mediate Sphingolipid Homeostasis, Jonathan S. Weissman, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, University of California, San Francisco
• Biology and Enzymology of Sphingolipid Synthesis, Teresa M. Dunn, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesSession: Phospholipase D and Phosphatidic Acid Signaling• Chemical Biology Approaches to Defining Phosphatidic Acid Signaling Pathways, H. Alex Brown, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
• The Role of Phospholipase D in Vesicle Fusion, Aaron Neiman, Stony Brook University
• Lipid Signaling Regulated by pH: Phosphatidic Acid as a pH Biosensor, Christopher J. R. Loewen, University of British ColumbiaSession: Biology of Neutral Lipid Metabolism and Trafficking• The Ins and Outs of Fat Metabolism: New Insights from Yeast, Sepp D. Kohlwein, University of Graz
• Intracellular Cholesterol Transport, Frederick R. Maxfield, Weill Cornell Medical College
• Intra-organelle Sterol Transfer Activity of Oxysterol Binding Proteins, Neale Ridgway, Dalhousie University
Julie D. Saba (Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute) will discuss her recent work on the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase in DNA repair as an example of the underinvestigated problem of lipid signaling in the nucleus. The committed enzyme of sphingolipid synthesis, SPT, is also expected to be highly regulated, but the mechanisms are elusive. Jonathan S. Weissman (University of California, San Francisco) will present new insights into sphingolipid homeostasis, the role of the ORM/ORMDL family of proteins as regulators of that process and how this regulatory circuit provides new paradigms for etiologies of asthma. Finally, Teresa M. Dunn (Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences) will describe novel stimulatory subunits of SPT that modulate acyl-CoA substrate selectivity and may hold the key to a molecular basis for the HSAN1 inherited peripheral neuropathy.
Phospholipases D (PLD) hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) and choline. The potent signaling functions attributed to PtdOH, when coupled with the regulation of PLD activity by phosphoinositides, small GTPases and protein kinases, identifies these enzymes as potentially central integrators of phospholipid metabolism and signaling. Yet, the biological activities of these enzymes have been frustratingly difficult to discern— particularly in mammalian cells.
Research into this problem will be on display in the "Phospholipase D and Phosphatidic Acid Signaling" session. H. Alex Brown (Vanderbilt University School of Medicine) will describe the characterization of recently developed small molecule inhibitors of mammalian PLDs, the cellular effects associated with acute PLD inactivation and new mass spectrometry-based techniques for molecular tracking of PtdOH.
The presentations by Aaron Neiman (Stony Brook University) and Christopher J. R. Loewen (University of British Columbia) will focus on signaling roles for PtdOH. Neiman will discuss the regulation of PLD1 and the roles of PtdOH in developmentally regulated re-orientation of membrane trafficking and vesicle fusion during sporulation in yeast. Loewen will describe evidence that PtdOH plays a previously unappreciated role as a membrane pH sensor.
The recent linkage of excessive storage of triacylglycerols (TAGs) to obesity and type 2 diabetes has spurred studies that elevate lipid droplets (LDs), major TAG storage depots, to the status of an intracellular organelle.
In the "Biology of Neutral Lipid Metabolism and Trafficking" session, Sepp D. Kohlwein (University of Graz) will discuss recent evidence of an unexpected link between fatty acid and triacylglycerol metabolism and the transcriptional regulation of phospholipid synthesis.
Aberrant cholesterol transport and storage underlie many diseases, and these processes have been studied intensively for many years. Nonetheless, fundamental aspects of intracellular sterol transport and distribution remain poorly understood. Frederick R. Maxfield (Weill Cornell Medical College) will present current progress on intracellular sterol trafficking and distribution. And finally, Neale Ridgway (Dalhousie University) will discuss how the enigmatic oxysterol binding proteins coordinate sterol trafficking and metabolism.
More from the current issue


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New Sikorsky S-97 Raider high speed attack helicopter unveiled
A new Sikorsky prototype military helicopter will be able to fly twice as fast as conventional designs, manufacturers say.
Sikorsky hopes to eventually sell the helicopters to the US military for use as an armed aerial scout Photo: Sikorsky
By Ben Farmer, Defence Correspondent
6:44PM BST 07 Oct 2014
A new helicopter prototype that can fly twice as fast as conventional designs and aims to usher in a new generation of military aircraft has been unveiled.
The Sikorsky S-97 Raider can cruise at speeds of 253mph, which manufacturers say is twice the speed of conventional helicopters.
The Raider has a double rotor with the blades moving in opposite directions, meaning there is no need for a tail rotor. Instead the Raider has a pusher propeller at the back, allowing it to reach record-breaking speeds.
The aircraft was unveiled in America last week and test flights are set to begin by the end of the year.
Sikorsky hopes to eventually sell the helicopters to the US military for use as an armed aerial scout and also a light assault aircraft. The firm is pitching it as a replacement for the US Army's OH-58D Kiowa Warrior helicopters and for use by special operations troops.
Steve Engebretson, director of Sikorsky's advanced military program, told The Telegraph: "We are demonstrating a new vertical lift propulsion system that will dramatically change the way helicopters are operated in a military environment."
A Sikorsky experimental helicopter, called X2, used same double rotor technology to set a speed record of 291mph in 2010.
The firm believes the Raider is more manoeuvrable than tilt rotor aircraft such as the V22 Osprey already used by the American military.
Mark Hammond, the Raider Project manager, said: "It won't fly quite as fast as a tilt rotor. A tilt rotor is more like a plane that can also hover. Raider is more a helicopter that can fly really fast. It's more manoeuvrable."
The single-engine Raider has a composite airframe and a maximum weight of a just over 11,000lbs. It will be able to carry weapons and sensors as needed. The cockpit holds two pilots seated side by side and the cabin has room for up to six combat-equipped troops, or additional fuel and ammunition for extended missions.
Sikorsky and its suppliers have funded the prototype themselves. Deep US defence cuts mean it is unclear when the Pentagon will be in the market for new helicopters.


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If you continue to experience technical problems with the page you were trying to reach, please contact us here or drop us a line on twitter, @GWR, and we'll do our best to help.


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Posted on: May 28, 2019 | Job#: 281252
Full-time | 3400 Gap Drive, Fresno, CA, US 93727
We'll send you to our application portal to get started
Our past is full of iconic moments — but our future is going to spark many more. Our brands — Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Athleta, INTERMIX and Hill City — have dressed people from all walks of life and all kinds of families, all over the world, for every occasion for more than 50 years.
But we're more than the clothes that we make. We know that business can and should be a force for good, and it's why we work hard to make product that makes people feel good, inside and out. It's why we're committed to giving back to the communities where we live and work. If you're one of the super-talented who thrive on change, aren't afraid to take risks and love to make a difference, come grow with us.
*For eligible employees
Gap Inc. is an equal-opportunity employer and is committed to providing a workplace free from harassment and discrimination. We are committed to recruiting, hiring, training and promoting qualified people of all backgrounds, and make all employment decisions without regard to any protected status. In 2016, Gap Inc. was named one of the Best Places to Work by the Human Rights Campaign for the thirteeth consecutive year and was the sole winner of the Catalyst award for equality in the workplace in 2016.
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Poll: Obama, Iran face selling job on nuclear pact
The United States and Iran have not had diplomatic relations since 1979.
WASHINGTON — The White House and Iran face an uphill selling job to convince Americans to embrace the interim nuclear pact negotiated with Tehran last month, a USA TODAY/Pew Research Center Poll finds.
In the survey, taken Tuesday through Sunday, 32% approve of the agreement and 43% disapprove. One in four either refuse to answer or say they don't know enough to have an opinion.
By more than 2-1, 62%-29%, those who have heard something about the accord say Iranian leaders aren't serious about addressing international concerns about their country's nuclear program.
That overwhelming skepticism presumably reflects decades of conflict between the two nations since the Iranian hostage crisis from 1979 to 1981 severed relations and helped defeat President Jimmy Carter's bid for a second term. In November, Tehran agreed to freeze parts of its nuclear program for six months in exchange for some relief from international economic sanctions. Negotiations for a more permanent pact continue.
Winning over Americans is one reason Iran is pursuing an agreement, says Ray Takeyh, a former senior adviser on Iran at the State Department who is a fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. "Part of their diplomacy is to turn around public opinion in the United States as a means of mitigating against military action," he says. "They think by turning those numbers around, they diminish the possibility of American and Israeli military action."
Public opinion is also a factor for President Obama, says Vali Nasr, a former adviser in the Obama State Department and dean of the Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies.
"Getting any kind of deal he arrives at with Iran accepted by Congress and the American public will be his challenge," Nasr says. "You go into a room thinking about what will be salable back home, not only in Iran, not only to the government, but also to the public." That is in "the back of any American negotiator's mind."
Those surveyed split on how Obama is handling Iran: 39% approve, 44% disapprove. That's an improvement from just before the interim accord was announced. In early November, Americans disapproved by 53%-37%. It's a bit lower than his approval ratings on the issue last spring and last year.
Many Americans aren't paying much attention to the issue. About one in four say they have heard a lot about the agreement, but another one in four say they have heard nothing at all. Half say they have heard a little.
The poll of 2,001 adults has a margin of error of +/-3 percentage points for most of the questions. Obama's rating on dealing with Iran, asked of 977 adults, has an error margin of 4 points.
Democrats were the most supportive of the agreement: By 50%-27%, they approved. Republicans overwhelmingly opposed it — 14% approved, 58% disapproved — and 72% of Tea Party Republicans disapproved. Independents were divided 29%-47%.
Over the weekend, Obama said he could envision a final deal that allowed Iran to enrich nuclear material to produce power — a key point of dispute — with enough regulation to ensure it couldn't use the material to produce a weapon. "I wouldn't say that it's more than 50-50, but we have to try," he said at a forum sponsored by the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, part of the Brookings Institution.
Secretary of State John Kerry is scheduled to testify Tuesday before the House Foreign Relations Committee to defend the agreement.
Iranian state TV reports that a team from the International Atomic Energy Agency inspected Iran's Arak heavy-water production plant Sunday as part of the interim deal.
Follow @susanpage on Twitter.


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Brunel University, 1990, PhD (Microelectronic Systems Design)
The Bolouri lab is interested in understanding how gene regulatory interactions control cellular state and identity, both in normal development (e.g. in stem cell differentiation) and in diseases such as cancer. A particular focus of the lab is the development and use of integrative computational systems biology methods to map gene regulatory networks from whole genome data (sequence, expression, DNA methylation, miRNA-seq, etc).


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How's the weather? While that may seem like an everyday conversation-starter for the average Joe, that question can stir up angst and distress for logistics and supply chain professionals.
The reality is that many things can go wrong in today's extended supply chain environment. Companies encounter delays, disruptions, safety threats, financial insolvency, environmental concerns, interconnected risks and other supply chain risks that can be unexpected and can take companies weeks or months to recover from.
While risk mitigation can be an intimidating endeavor, especially when it comes to the complexities of supply chain management, it doesn't need to be. By identifying their biggest risks and coming up with mitigation strategies, companies can navigate their way through the supply chain, safely and efficiently. Are you up to speed on common supply chain hazards, with a best-practices approach to mitigating those risks? If not, Avetta has outlined tips that organizations can take to shore up their supply chain. Welcome to supply chain risk mitigation 101.
Related Topics : A Big Market for Big Data Jobs, Midmarket CIO, IT Management Automation, SharePoint, Technology Markets
The gig economy is clearly disrupting the tech industry, both in positive and negative ways. ... More >>
Is fake news a security issue? Some say yes, as it can be used as a social engineering tool to spread disinformation and conceivably to get unsuspecting users to click on malicious links. ... More >>
Executives at several top tech firms outline the skills they need now and in the near future, including IaaS and IoT security expertise. Other skills listed may surprise you. ... More >>


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Community Meetings
2015 Summer Issue: Renew Newsletter English (PDF 626.4 KB) | Espanol (PDF 824.86 KB)
Spring 2014 (English) (PDF 6.43 MB)
Spring 2014 (Español) (PDF 1.24 MB)
Flu Shots
Influenza is a serious illness that can be easily prevented by a simple shot.
- The best time to get a flu shot is before flu season starts. Talk to your doctor about what is right for you. You may want to write down when you get your shot, and plan to get it at the same time each year.
- When you get your flu shot, it is covered by the terms of your plan. For help scheduling an appointment, call the toll-free number on the back of your member ID card. Health coaches are available daily from 8 a.m. – 8 p.m. to help you.
Don't have time to see the doctor for a flu shot? Click here for list of locations where you can get a flu shot.


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|'Cobalt Blue Rim' drinking glasses (set of 6)
|'Cobalt Blue Rim' tumblers (set of 6)
|Chamula handwoven medium size handbag
Handwoven pillow cover - Diamonds in Jade GreenThis beautiful pillow cover features the Grand Design from the ceremonial huipil of Sakamch'en. Diamonds represent the Universe and the path of the sun in it's daily movement: the east and west are represented by the small diamonds at the top and bottom. The large diamond in the center is the sun at noon. It was hand woven using a backstrap loom, a system created during the Classic Maya period.
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Why is Mexican Blown Glassware also called Bubble Glass ?
Mexico is very well known for hand blown drinking glasses, the most popular of them characterized by a blue band blown into the rim. All glasses are 100% Lead Free.


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Nuremberg, Germany - Rafid Ahmed Alwan hoped for an easier life when he came here from Iraq nine years ago. He also hoped for a reward for his cooperation with German intelligence officers.
"For what I've done, I should be treated like a king," he said outside a cramped, low-rent apartment he shares with his family.
Instead, the Iraqi informant code-named Curveball has flipped burgers at McDonald's and Burger King, washed dishes in a Chinese restaurant and baked pretzels in an all-night bakery. He also has faced withering international scorn for peddling discredited intelligence that helped spur an invasion of his native country.
Now, in his first public comments, the 41-year-old engineer from Baghdad complains that the CIA and other spy agencies are blaming him for their mistakes.
"I'm not guilty," Alwan said, insisting that he made no false claims. "Believe me, I'm not guilty."
It was intelligence attributed to Alwan -- as Curveball -- that the White House used in making its case that Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction. He described what turned out to be fictional mobile germ factories. The CIA belatedly branded him a liar.
After Curveball's role in the pre-invasion intelligence fiasco was disclosed by the Los Angeles Times four years ago, the con man behind the code name remained in the shadows. His security was protected and his identity concealed by the BND, Germany's Federal Intelligence Service.
But when a reporter knocked on his door one Sunday morning this year, Alwan seemed neither alarmed nor surprised. In a series of sometimes reluctant interviews that followed, he emerged as a defiant and pugnacious defender of his intelligence contributions and reputation.
"Everything that's been written about me isn't true," Alwan repeated.
Along with confirmation of Curveball's identity, however, have come fresh disclosures raising doubts about his honesty -- much of that new detail coming from friends, associates and past employers.
"He was corrupt," said a family friend who once employed him.
"He always lied," said a fellow Burger King worker.
And records reveal that when Alwan fled to Germany, one step ahead of the Iraq Justice Ministry, an arrest warrant had been issued alleging that he sold filched camera equipment on the Baghdad black market.
The reporter at his door that morning offered Alwan a chance to defend himself publicly.
He was calm, unshaven, wearing a T-shirt and pajama bottoms. Alwan tried to bargain for an interview fee. When he didn't get one, he shut the door, saying he was "risking my family" by talking.
Over the next few weeks, Alwan dodged attempts to reopen conversations and took steps to elude the reporter. He altered his appearance by shaving his bushy mustache. He pulled his name from a mailbox. He failed to show up at promised appointments.
Eventually, he agreed to a series of brief interviews. In every encounter, he was combative and unapologetic. Others, he insisted, had twisted or misinterpreted his information.
"I never said Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, never in my whole life," he said. "I challenge anyone in the world to get a piece of paper from me, anything with my signature, that proves I said there were weapons of mass destruction in Iraq."
How did the Bush administration get it so wrong?
"I'm not the source of these problems," he said.
Alwan's life as a secret informant began in January 2000, soon after he applied for political asylum at Zirndorf, a refugee camp outside Nuremberg. He told a BND team he had helped run a secret Iraqi program to produce biological weapons, records show.
In 52 meetings with BND handlers over the next year and a half, he provided hand-drawn sketches and other details. German officials said they met mostly on Saturday mornings at a BND safe house. He liked to go for pizza afterward.
Alwan didn't share all his secrets. He didn't disclose that he had been fired at least twice for dishonesty, or that he fled Iraq to avoid arrest. But he did tell some whoppers that should have raised warnings about his credibility.
He claimed, for example, that the son of his former boss, Basil Latif, secretly headed a vast weapons of mass destruction procurement and smuggling scheme from England. British investigators found, however, that Latif's son was a 16-year-old exchange student, not a criminal mastermind.
When a Western intelligence team interviewed Latif outside Iraq in early 2002, a year before the war, he warned that Alwan had been fired for falsifying invoices at work. Latif also denied that anyone produced biological weapons at the plant where he worked with Alwan.
"They thought I was lying," Latif, who now lives in Oman, said in an interview. "But I was telling the truth. It upset me very much."
German officials instead believed Alwan's story that he helped manage an Iraqi factory that installed fermenters, spray dryers and piping within tractor-trailers to brew anthrax, botulinum toxin and other biological agents. CIA and Pentagon biological warfare analysts embraced Alwan's account without corroborating evidence or directly questioning the informant.
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President Bush declared in his State of the Union address in January 2003 that "we know" that Iraq built mobile germ factories. Then-Secretary of State Colin L. Powell highlighted Alwan's supposed "eyewitness" account to the U.N. Security Council when he pressed the case for war.
In October 2004, more than a year after the invasion, a CIA-led investigation concluded that Baghdad had abandoned all chemical, biological and nuclear weapons programs after the 1991 Persian Gulf War. The germ trucks never existed.
Alwan grew up in the middle-class Dora neighborhood of southern Baghdad. The youngest of five children, he was raised by his mother after his father died, according to family friends. They were Sunni Muslims, members of the influential Janabi clan, and his eldest brother became a brigadier in Hussein's Republican Guard.
Alwan studied chemical engineering at the Technical University of Baghdad, records show, graduating in 1990 with a D average. His best subject: "Culture and History of Iraq." But he learned English, the language of instruction, and applied to join the ruling Baath Party.
He worked as an appliance repairman, then as a junior engineer at the state-run Chemical Engineering and Design Center. In late 1994, he was named site engineer at Djerf al Nadaf, a new warehouse complex about 10 miles south of Baghdad.
His direct supervisor was Hilal Freah, a British-trained engineer and friend of Alwan's mother. Freah, who now lives in Jordan, viewed himself as Alwan's mentor but had trouble trusting his protege.
"Rafid told five or 10 stories every day," Freah said in an interview. "I'd ask, 'Where have you been?' And he'd say, 'I had a problem with my car.' Or, 'My family was sick.' But I knew he was lying."
He had a gift for it and "was not embarrassed when caught in a lie," Freah said.
At the Djerf al Nadaf warehouse, laborers treated seeds from local farmers with fungicides to prevent mold and rot. But Alwan convinced his BND handlers that the site's corn-filled sheds were part of Iraq's secret germ weapons program. He worked there, he told them, until 1998, when an unreported biological accident occurred.
In fact, Alwan had been dismissed three years earlier, in 1995, after inflating expenses and faking receipts for tools, supplies and lamb for a party.
"I fired him," Freah said. "He was corrupt and he was found stealing." But the family friend gave Alwan one more chance.
Freah, Alwan and two other friends formed a business to sell locally made shampoo and cleaners. Freah says Alwan overcharged the partners for each shampoo bottle, and the company collapsed. So did their friendship. Alwan's embarrassed mother later repaid her son's debts.
Alwan next created a line of cosmetics, selling an eye shadow named "Whisper" in Arabic. That failed amid allegations that he cheated his suppliers, Freah said.
He then worked as a technician at Babel, a Baghdad film and TV company that produced adoring documentaries about Hussein. Alwan's alleged sale of Babel camera lenses and other gear on the black market led the Iraqi Justice Ministry to issue an arrest warrant, signed by a judge, in August 1998.
Alwan already had fled. Officials say smugglers helped him make his way through Jordan, Egypt, Libya and Morocco before he reached southern Germany in late 1999. He brought no blueprints, photos or other evidence, but he quickly won the confidence of the BND officers.
"He was understated," said one former BND officer, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to discuss the case. "He was the opposite of a braggart, and that was impressive."
The BND set him up in a small apartment and provided living expenses. Alwan started dressing in stylish suits, bought a heavy gold necklace and kept a cupboard stocked with whiskey, according to former neighbors. He left his TV blaring all day and hit a local disco at night.
He arranged to divorce the wife he had left in Baghdad and married a Moroccan woman. They now have two children. The family moved to Erlangen and then to another German location that The Times agreed not to disclose.
Alwan's fanciful accounts to BND officers were echoed in his tall tales to friends and co-workers.
In early 2002, a year before the war, he told co-workers at the Burger King that he spied for Iraqi intelligence and would report any fellow Iraqi worker who criticized Hussein's regime.
They couldn't decide if he was dangerous or crazy.
"During breaks, he told stories about what a big man he was in Baghdad," said Hamza Hamad Rashid, who remembered an odd scene with the pudgy Alwan in his too-tight Burger King uniform praising Hussein in the home of der Whopper. "But he always lied. We never believed anything he said."
Another Iraqi friend, Ghazwan Adnan, remembers laughing when he applied for a job at a local Princess Garden Chinese Restaurant and discovered Alwan washing dishes in the back while claiming to be "a big deal" in Iraq. "How could America believe such a person?"
But an unrepentant Alwan is unfazed.
"Everything I said was true," he said. "And everything that's been written about me is wrong. It's all wrong. The main thing is, I'm an honest man."
© 2008 The Los Angeles Times


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Pediatric rehabilitation is about more than building strength and improving function. It's about inspiring children to gain the skills and confidence to reach their full potential. And it's also about supporting families throughout the rehabilitation process.
Within the Spaulding Rehabilitation Network, your child will be cared for by pediatric experts who know the importance of nurturing, engaging, and encouraging children to become all they can be. Whatever the challenges – developmental delay, injury, illness or disability – our rehabilitation teams will use age-appropriate strategies to meet your child's current physical, emotional, academic and social challenges -- and lay the foundation for future progress and success.
Young patients come to Spaulding for a wide range of rehabilitation needs. Whether intensive inpatient rehabilitation, coordinated outpatient therapy is needed, your child will benefit from Spaulding's holistic, child-centered approach to care.
Commonly seen diagnoses include:
Spaulding Boston has a 12-bed Pediatric Unit, where your child will stay in one of 12 private rooms and have access to a developmental playroom and a child-oriented therapy area. One parent at a time may stay overnight for as long as needed, and we have a welcoming visitation policy for family members, siblings and peers.
Spaulding Boston's clinical resources include an assistive technology center and an onsite adaptive sports and recreation program. Consultation with medical specialists at many of Boston's prestigious acute care hospitals is available as needed.
Spaulding's outpatient centers provide therapy services for older children and adolescents. In addition, our outpatient centers in Lexington and Sandwich are dedicated solely to treating children from birth to 15 years.
Specialty Pediatric Services and Clinics* include:
*Services vary by location
Our clinicians will carefully consider your family's unique needs as we develop treatment goals. We'll work closely with you and your support systems to develop a rehabilitation program tailored to your child's full spectrum of needs.
Our pediatric clinical experts include rehabilitation physicians, pediatric subspecialists, neuropsychologists, physical and occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, dieticians and social workers. Registered nurses, nurse practitioners, a child psychiatrist, child life specialist, nutritionist and case manager may be part of a child's inpatient care team. Our pediatric clinicians have specialized education and training in working with children, families and caregivers.
Donna Nimec, MD, Director, Pediatric Program, Spaulding Boston
Spaulding physicians and other clinicians are conducting ongoing research to improve the lives of children and adults with disabling conditions, including a longitudinal study of children with cerebral palsy.
Paulo Bonato, PhD, Director, Motion Analysis Laboratory
Inpatient HospitalsSpaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Boston
Outpatient CentersSpaulding Outpatient Center Boston Spaulding Outpatient Center for Children Lexington Spaulding Eileen M. Ward Outpatient Center for Children Sandwich Spaulding Outpatient Center Wellesley
Adaptive SportsAssistive TechnologyAudiologyAugmentative Alternative Communication ClinicBrace ClinicBrain Injury RehabFeeding and Nutrition GroupsFit To Be Kids – Pediatric/Adolescent Weight Management ProgramNeurologic RehabilitationOccupational TherapyOrthopedic RehabilitationPediatric Speech and Social Skills GroupsPediatric Augmentative and Alternative Communication ServicesPediatric Feeding and Nutrition ProgramPediatric Medical Clinics Pediatric Orthotics and Brace ClinicPediatric Wheelchair and Equipment ClinicPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physical TherapyPulmonary RehabilitationSpeech and Language TherapyWheelchair and Equipment Clinics
Please call for more information or to make a referral
Inpatient: 1.617.952.5350
Outpatient: 1.888.SRN.4330
The people of Spaulding are committed to helping patients and families find their strength.
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